V D V BI TP

CHNG CU TRC VT LIU

I PHN V D
1) Tnh mt xp th tch Mv ca NaCl, bit r(Na+) = 0,98 Ao, R(Cl-) = 1,81 Ao.
Gii:
4
4
4( r 3 ) + 4( R 3 )
3
Mv = 3
x100%
( 2 r + 2R ) 3
4
4
4[ (0,98) 3 ] + 4[ (1,81) 3 ]
3
Mv = 3
x100% = 67%
[2.(0,98) + 2.(1,81)]3
2) ng (Fcc) c bn knh nguyn t l 1,278 Ao. Tnh khi lng ring ca Cu v so snh vi s liu
trong ph lc
Gii:
a 2
4r 4 x1.278
a=
=
= 3.61 Ao
Trong Fcc, r =
4
2
2
S nguyn t/ 1 c s = 4
Khoi lng 1 o c s (So nguyen t / o c s) (Khoi lng 1 nguyen t)
=
The tch 1 o c s
The tch 1 o c s
Khoi lng 1 nguyen t = Nguyen t gam [g/mol] / So nguyen t trong 1 mol [ nguyen t / mol ]
Khoi lng rieng =

So nguyen t trong 1 mol = So Avogadro = 6,02 x 1023 nguyen t / mol

Khi lng ring dCu = 4 (63,5 / 6,02. 1023) / (3,61. 10-8)3 = 8,98 g/cm3
Theo ph lc dCu = 8,96 g/cm3
3) Tnh mt thng ca nguyn t theo phng [110] ca Cu (Fcc).
Gii: Mt thng = s nguyn t / chiu di (cm)
2
2
( Linear density ) LD =
=
= 3,9 x 10 7 ngtu / cm
8
a 2 (3,61.10 ) 2
4) Tnh lp li trn phng [211] ca Cu (Fcc).
lp li theo mt phng (Repetition spacing) = khong cch gia cc nguyn t trn phng .
Phng [211]: ng thng ni t gc O n im (1, 1/2, 1/2) : im K gia ca mt ABCD.

K [211]
A

OK2 = OM2 + MK2

= OA2 + AM2 + MK2

a/2
[110]

O
A a/2 M B

OK =

5) Tnh mt phng trn (100), (111), ca Pb (Fcc)

Mt phng = s nguyn t / 1 n v din tch (mm2 )

a2 +

a 2 a 2 a 6 3,61 6
+
=
=
= 4,43A 0
4
4
2
2

So nguyen t tren mat S

Mt phng (Planar density: PD) =
Dien tch mat S

Gii: T ph lc rPb = 1,750 A0

aPb =

4r
2

nS (100) =
S = a2

4(1,750)
2

= = 4,95 A

1
x 4 + 1 = 2 nguyn t
4

PD (100) =

-7

= 8,2. 1012 nguyn t/mm2

(4,95 x 10 mm )
1
1
nS (111) = x 3 = nguyen t
6
2
1
3r
S = bh = 2r .
= 3r 2
2
2
1
1
2
PD (111) = 2 2 =
= 0,095 nguyn t / A2 = 9,5. 1012 nguyn t / mm2
2
3r
3.(1,75)

6) So snh d111 v d200 trong Pb (Fcc), aPb = 4,95 A0.

Gii: d200 =
d111 =

4,95

h2 + k 2 + l 2
22 + 02 + 02
4,95
4,95
=
= 2,86 A0
2
2
2
3
1 +1 +1

4,95
= 2,475 A0
2

7) St thay i t Bcc sang Fcc 9100 C. nhit ny, bn knh nguyn t ca st trong hai cu trc
l 1,258 A0 (Bcc) v 1,292 A0 (Fcc). Tnh % th tch thay i.
Gii: C s tnh : 4 nguyn t Fe, hoc 2 c s ca Fe (Bcc) (n / c s = 2)
hoc 1 c s ca Fe (Fcc) (n / c s = 4)
4
x
1
,
258
i vi Bcc V0 = 2a3 = 2 [
]3 = 49,1 A3
3
4
x
1
,
292
Fcc V1 = a3 = [
]3 = 48,7 A3
2
V V0
48,7 49,1
V = 1
.100% =
x 100% = 0,8%
V0
49,1

8) Hp kim cha 80% khi lng Al v 20 % khi lng Mg. Tnh % nguyn t mi loi.
Gii: C s tnh
100g hp kim
Al
Mg
80g Khi lng mi nguyn t 20g
S nguyn t mi nguyn t
80 x (6,02.1023 )
26,98

= 2,97 x 6,02.1023

khoi lng
20
x So Avogadro )
x (6,02.1023 )
nguyen t gam
24,3

g
x nguyen t /mol )
g/mol

= 0,823 x 6,02. 1023

Tng s nguyn t = (2,97 + 0,823). 6,02. 1023

% nguyn t Al =
% nguyn t Mg =

2,97 x 6,02.1023
x 100% = 78%
3,793 x 6,02.1023
0,823 x 6,02.1023
3,793 x 6,02.1023

x 100% = 22%

9) Trong cu trc MgO, cc ion Mg2+ b thay th bi Fe2+ theo t l Mg2+ / Fe2+ = 17 / 10. Tnh t s
khi lng MgO / FeO.
Gii:

Mg2 +
Fe

2+

17
= t s mol
10

17(24,3 + 16) 685

=
AN
6,02.10 23
10(55,8 + 16) 718
Khi lng FeO =
=
AN
6,02.10 23
MgO 685
=
= 0,96
T s khi lng
FeO 718
Khi lng MgO =

AN : S Avogadro

10) Khi lng ring thc t ca Al n tinh th l 2,679 g/cm3. Hng s mng a = 4,049 A0 (Al : Fcc).
Nu s khc nhau gia khi lng ring thc t v tnh ton l do s c mt cc l trng trong tinh th.
a) Tnh phn nguyn t b b trng.
b) Tnh s l trng trn 1cm3.
Gii: S nguyn t thc t / 1 cm3 =

2,697

23

= 6,02. 1022

nguyen t

(26,98) / (6,02.10 )
cm 3
So nguyen t / O c s
4
nguyen t
S v tr ca nguyn t / 1cm3 =
=
= 6,03. 1022

8
3
The tch o c s
(4,049.10 )
cm 3
3
22 nguye n t
22
3

b) S v tr b b trng / cm = (6,03 6,02).10

a) Phn v tr b trng =

0,0110
. 22
22

6,02.10

cm 3

= 0,01.10 ch trng / cm

1
C 600 v tr s c 1 v tr b b trng.
600

11) Mng FeO c Fe3+ vi t l Fe3+/ Fe2+ = 1/2

a) Tnh phn v tr trng trong tng s cc v tr cation
b) Tnh phn khi lng oxy.
Gii:

a) cn bng in tch 2

(Fe 3+ ) (Fe2 + )

V/ / 2+
Fe

2 Fe 1 trng Fe
3+

2+

100
50
= 50 ion Fe3+
= 25 v tr trng Fe2+
2
2

100 ion Fe2+

Tng s v tr cation 100 + 50 + 25 = 175

Phn v tr trng = 25 / 175 = 0,14
b) 100 Fe2+
100 O2- (FeO)
50 Fe3+
75 O2- (Fe2O3)
150 ion Fe
175 O2Khi lng oxy = 175 (16 / AN) = 2800 / AN
Khi lng st = 150 (55,8 / AN) = 8370 / AN
Phn khi lng oxy =

2800 / AN
= 0,251
(2800 + 8370) / AN

12) a) Tnh s nguyn t / c s ca CaF2 (s Ca2+, F-)

b) Tnh khi lng 1 c s.
a) n Ca2 + =

1
1
x 8 + x 6 = 4 , nF = 8
8
2
8 x 19 + 4 x 40,08

b) Khi lng 1 c s =

6,02 x 10

23

= 5,2 x 10 22 g

13) Ferrospinel c cng thc 32 O2-, 16 Fe3+ v 8 ion ha tr 2.

Nu t l ion ha tr 2 l Zn2+/ Ni2+= 3/ 5. Tnh phn khi lng ZnO, NiO v Fe2O3 phi s dng
ch to ferrospinel.
Gii: 5 NiO + 3 ZnO + 8 Fe2O3 (Zn3, Ni5)Fe16O32
C s tnh: 8 mol Fe2O3
Phn khi lng
5 NiO = 5 (58,71 + 16)
= 373,5 = 0,197
3ZnO = 3 (65,37 + 16)
= 244,1 = 0,129
8 Fe2O3 = 8 (2 x 55,8 + 3 x 16) = 1277,6 = 0,673
1895,2
0,999
14) Xt mu MgO cha 0,2% khi lng Li2O. Tnh s tng mt trng do s c mt ca tp cht
(Nu xem nh khng to nguyn t xen k). MLi = 6,941, M0 = 16, MMg = 24,31
C s tnh 100 g vt liu:
g Li2O

S mol Li2O =

2 M Li + M O

0,2
-3
= 6,7.10 mol
2 x 6,941 + 16

-3

s c 2 x 6,7.10 mol Li+ v 6,7.10-3 mol O2S mol MgO =

g MgO

M Mg + M O

99,8
= 2,4758 mol
24,31 + 16

s c 2,4758 mol Mg2+ v 2,4758 mol O2Trong mu c 1,34.10-2 mol Li+

2,478 mol Mg2+
6,7.10-3+ 2,4758 = 2,48425 mol O22 Li /Mg = VO
S trng oxy: NOV =

N Li 2 x 6,7.10 3
=
= 6,7.10-3 mol
2
2

Tng s mol 4,9759 mol

Mt trng oxy: COV =

N ov 6,7.10
=
= 1,34.10 3
4,9759
NT

15) Trong mt vi cu trc tinh th, mt trng 350 C gp 2 ln so vi 250 C. nhit no th mt

trng = 1 / 2 250 C.
CV (350 C) = 2CV (250 C) (1)
T1 = 35 + 273 = 308
CV (T) = 1/2 CV (250 C) (2)
T2 = 25+ 273 = 298

Q
Q
Q 1
Q 1
) = 2 exp(
) (
) = ln 2 (
)
R.308
R.298
R 308
R 298
Q
1
Q
Q 1
Q 1
exp() = exp(
) ( ) = ln 2 (
)
RT
R.298
R T
R 298
2

exp(-

(3)

(4)

Cng 2 v (3) & (4):

Q 1
1
Q 2
1
1
2
[
+ ]=

+ =
R 308 T
R 298
308 T 298
T = 288,6 0K = 15,6 0C
16) Gi s c ion X3+ thay th Mg2+ trong MgO
a) Vit phng trnh cu trc cho s thay th
b) Nu t l X3+ / Mg2+ = 0,25. Tnh t l cation / anion
//
2 X Mg = VMg
100 Mg2+ 25 X3+ 12,5 VMg Tng s cation 125 (khng phi tng s v tr cation)
100 Mg2+ 100 O225 X3+ 37,5 O2cation 125
Tng anion = 137,5 T s
=
= 0,91
anion 137,5
17) 1000 0C c 1,7% kl Cacbon to dung dch rn vi Fe (Fcc) S c bao nhiu nguyn t C cho
100 c s.
Fe(Fcc) nFe/ = 4 100 = 400 nguyn t Fe
55,85
Khi lng 400 nguyn t = 400 x
AN
55,85 100 22726
Khi lng 100 = 400 x
x
=
AN 98,3
AN

S nguyn t Cacbon

22726
1,7
AN
= 32
x
x
AN
100 12,01

18) Mng khuyt tt Fe(1-x)O c cu trc ging NaCl, ngoi tr vi v tr trng ion Fe2+ v c mt vi
phn Fe3+ thay th Fe2+. Trong x= 0,04 0,16 ty thuc vo nhit v lng oxy c sn. Nu
mng ny cha 52% nguyn t oxy v c hng s mng l 0,429 nm.
a) Tnh t s Fe2+ / Fe3+
b) Tnh khi lng ring.
C s tnh 100 nguyn t = 52 nguyn t oxy v 48 nguyn t Fe
2 (Fe 3+ )(Fe2 + ) = V / / 2 +
Fe

Gi s c y Fe3+: 52(-2) + y(+3) + (48 - y) (+2) = 0

Ha tr O2- Ha tr Fe3+

Ha tr Fe2+

y = 8
Fe3+= 8
Fe2+ = 40

C 52 O2- tnh cho 13 c s (v mi c 4 O2-)

48(55,85) + 52(16)
= 5,7g / cm 3
d=
9 3
23
6,02.10 x 13 x (0,429.10 )
Th tch 1

Fe2+ / Fe3+ = 5

19) CaF2 c khi lng ring ban u l d0, sau khi c mt trt t th c khi lng ring l d1. Bit
MCa = 40; MAl = 27; MSr = 87,62; MY = 88,91; MF = 19. Nu d1 < d0 th l do nguyn nhn no di
y:
a) mt trt t kiu Frenkel anion
b) mt trt t kiu Schottky
c) khi Sr2+ thay ch Ca2+
d) Thm YF3 vo CaF2 sao cho Y3+ thay ch Ca2+, F (trong YF3) v tr xen k
e) Thm AlF3 vo CaF2 sao cho Al3+ thay ch Ca2+, trng Ca2+
4 x 40 + 8x19
Gii: d 0 =
ANxV
a) Mt trt t kiu Frenkel anion: to F- v tr xen k v trng F, nh vy s ion F trong mt
khng i, nn d1 = do
b) Mt trt t kiu Schottky: trng Ca v trng F, nh vy s ion Ca v F trong mt u gim, nn
d1 < do
c) Sr2+ thay ch Ca2+: khng to in tch d, MSr > MCa nn d1 > do
d) Y3+ thay ch Ca2+, F (trong YF3) v tr xen k: (Y3+).(Ca2+) = Fi
Do MY > MCa v s ion F trong mt tng ln, nn d1 > do
e) Al3+ thay ch Ca2+, trng Ca2+: 2(Al3+).(Ca2+) = V(Ca2+)
Nh vy c 2 Al3+ i vo, s c 3 Ca2+ i ra.
e) 2 x 27 < 3 x 40 nn d1 < do
Tm li nu d1 < do th l do a) v e)
20) Nu ng sut tip ti hn trn phng [1 1 0] v trn mt (111) ca n tinh th Cu nguyn cht l
142 psi (0,1 kg/ mm2), th ng sut p dng trn phng [100] l bao nhiu to ra trt trn mt
(111)
Cch 1: Dng hnh hc
n[111]
1
hang so mang
a
=
=
= 0,577
ng cheo khoi a 3
3
1
hang so mang
a
cos =
=
=
= 0,707
ng cheo mat a 2
2
142

=
=
= 350 psi
cos cos 0,707 x 0,577

cos =

[100]
=?

[110]

Cch 2: Dng cng thc

Gc gia phng [100] v mt (111)
cos =

1 x 1+ 0 x 1+ 0 x 1

1 +0 +0

1 +1 +1

1
3

= 0,577

Gc gia phng [100] v phng [1 1 0]

cos =

1 x 1+ 0 x (-1) + 0 x 0

12 + 02 + 02 12 + (1)2 + 02

Tnh nh cch 1

1
2

= 0,707

II PHN BI TP
1) in vo bng, quan h gia bn knh nguyn t r v cc kch thc ca c s i vi Bcc, Fcc
v Lp phng n gin (ch c 8 nguyn t trn 8 nh ca hnh lp phng).
Bcc

Fcc

LP

Hng s mng a
ng cho mt
ng cho khi
2) Ag (Fcc) c r = 1,444 A0. Tnh hng s mng v th tch c s.
3) Au (Fcc) c a = 4,078 A0, Nguyn t lng 197. Tnh khi lng ring ca n.
4) Zn (Hcp) c c = 4,94 A0, khong cch gia tm 2 nguyn t k nhau trn mt y c s l 2,665
A0. Tnh: a) S nguyn t / c s b) Th tch c s c) Tnh khi lng ring
S: a) 6
b) 9,1.10-23 cm3 c) 7,16 g / cm3
5) Nguyn t lng ca Na l 22,990 v Cl l 35,453. Nu khi lng ring l 2,165 g / cm3. Tnh: a)
Hng s mng a b) ng cho mt c) ng cho khi ca c s NaCl.
S: a) 5,64 A0
b) 7,89 A0
c) 9,77 A0
6) Tinh mt phng ca nguyn t theo phng [112] ca: a) Fe (Bcc) c rFe = 1,241 A0 b) Ni (Fcc)
c rNi = 1,245 A0.
S: a) 1,42.107 nguyn t / cm b) 2,32.107 nguyn t / cm
7) Tnh mt phng ca Cu (Fcc), rCu = 1,278 A0 trn mt a) (100), b) (110) c) (111)
S: a) 1,53.1013 nguyn t /mm2 b) 1,08.1013 nguyn t / mm2 c) 1,77.1013 nguyn t / mm2
8) Al (Fcc) c a = 4,049 A0. Tnh a) d220 b) d111
S: a) 1,432 A0
b) 2,338 A0
c) 2,025 A0

c) d200

9) Khong cch gia cc mt (110) trong cu trc Bcc ca mt kim loi l 2,03 A0. a) Tnh hng s
mng a b) Tnh bn knh nguyn t. c) Kim loi l kim loi no (Tra t khi lng nguyn t)
S: a) 2,87 A0 b) 1,243 A0 c) Fe (Bcc) hoc Ni
10) MgO c cu trc ging NaCl, khi lng ring ca n l 3,65 g / cm3. Tnh kch thc c s a v
2+
kim tra li vi rMg
= 0,78A0, R O2 = 1,32A0.
11) Titan c cu trc Hcp vi a = 2,965 A0, c = 4,683 A0 nhit < 880 0C v s c cu trc Bcc vi
a = 3,32 A0 nhit > 880 0C.
a) Mng Ti s dn ra hay co li khi un nng n n 900 0C.
b) Tnh thay i th tch theo cm3 /g.
S: a) mng s dn ra b) 0,007 cm3 / g.
12) Na (Bcc) c a = 4,29 A0. Biu din s sp xp nguyn t (mt cch gn ng) trn mt (110) v
tnh khong cch gia cc mt ny.

13) Kim cng c hng s mng a = 3,56 A0. Tnh: a) Mt xp th tch b) Khi lng ring ca
kim cng.
S: a) 33,9 %
b) 3,54 g / cm3.

14) Tnh s nguyn t trong mt mu hnh tr ly trn mt ng rn (Cu c khi lng ring 8,93
g/cm3, nguyn t lng 63,55), bit mu c ng knh 1 m v dy 1 m.
S: 6,64.1010 nguyn t.
15) Mt mol ca MgO rn chim mt khi vung c cnh l 22,37 mm. Tnh khi lng ring ca
MgO (MMg = 24,31; MO = 16). S: 3,60 g / cm3
16) Mt hp kim cha 85% khi lng Cu v 15 % kl Sn. Tnh % nguyn t mi loi. Bit MCu =
63,55; MSn = 118,69.
S: 8,63 % Sn, 91,37 % Cu.
17) C 5% nguyn t Mg trong hp kim Al-Mg. Tnh % Khi lng Mg v Al. Bit MMg = 24,31; MAl
= 26,98.
S: 4,53 % kl Mg v 95,47 % kl Al.
18) Hp kim cha 75% kl Cu v 25% kl Zn. Bit MCu = 63,55; MZn = 65,37.
a) Tnh % nguyn t mi loi. b) Loi pha ca hp kim v loi cu trc ca c s. c) Tnh khi lng
1 c s ca hp kim. d) Bit khi lng ring ca hp kim l 8,5 g/cm3, tnh th tch c s. e) Tnh
hng s mng trung bnh ca c s.
S: a) 75,53 % nguyn t Cu, 24,47 % Zn b) Dd rn, Fcc ca ng
c) 4,25.10-22 g d) 5.10-23 cm3 e) 3,68 A0
19) Dung dch rn xen k ca Fe cha C theo t l C: Fe = 33:108. Tnh % khi lng Cacbon c mt
trong dung dch rn. S: 6,2 % Cacbon.
20) Hp kim cha 80% kl Ni v 20% Cu to dd rn thay th (Fcc) vi a = 3,54A0. Bit MCu = 63,55;
MNi = 58,71. Tnh khi lng ring ca hp kim. S: 8,923 g / cm3.
21) Nu 1% khi lng Cacbon c trong Fe (Fcc), tnh phn trm cc c s c cha cacbon. Gi s
mi c s ch cha ti a 1 nguyn t Cacbon.
S: 19% c s c cha cacbon
22) Tm bn knh nguyn t ln nht c th nm khe h ca Fe m khng gy ra ng sut ni (do sai
lch mng) a) i vi Fe (Bcc) b) i vi Fe (Fcc)
Gi : Tm l hng ln nht Bcc (
S: a) r (l) = 0,37 A0

1 1
1 1 1
, ,0) , Fcc ( , , )
2 4
2 2 2

b) r(l) = 0,54 A0

23) i vi Cu 1000 0C, c 473 nt mng th c 1 nt trng. Nu s nt trng vn gi nguyn khi Cu

c lm ngui v 20 0C. Tnh khi lng ring ca Cu nhit 200 C.
S: 8,92 g / cm3.
24) Tnh khi lng ring ca FeO cha Fe2O3, nu Fe3+/ Fe2+ = 0,14. Bit FeO + Fe2O3 c cu trc
ca NaCl v trung bnh (rFe+ R0) = 2,15 A0. S: 5,73 g / cm3
25) a) Tnh s nguyn t / c s ca CaF2 b) Tnh khi lng 1 c s. S: b) 5,2.10-22 g.

26) Periclase (MgO) c cu trc ging NaCl.

a) Nu RO2-= 1,32 A0, rMg2+ = 0,78 A0. Tnh MV
b) Nu r/R = 0,414. Tnh MV
S: a) 63 % b) 79 %
27) a) Trong CsCl, RCl- = 1,81A0, rCs+ = 1,65 A0. Tnh MV
b) Nu r/ R = 0,732. Tnh MV
S: a) 68 % b) 73 %
28) CaF2 c rCa2+ = 1,06 A0, RF = 1,33 A0. Tnh MV v khi lng ring ca CaF2
S: Mv = 0,59; d = 3,09 g/cm3
29)Tnh khi lng ring ca ZnS (Sphalerite) vi rZn2+ = 0,83A0, RS2- = 1,74 A0. Khi K = 6. Gi s
khi K = 4 th r = 0,94 r, R = 0,94 R (r,R l bn knh cation v anion khi K= 6).
S: d = 3,73 g/cm3
30) MnS c hai dng cu trc, mt dng vi cu trc ging NaCl, mt dng ging vi ZnS
(Sphalerite).Tnh khi lng ring v MV trong mi trng hp.
Bit: a) Vi cu trc NaCl, RS2+ = 1,74 A0, rMn2+= 0,91 A0, K = 6
b) Vi cu trc ZnS, RS2+ = 1, 64 A0, rMn2+= 0,68 A0, K = 4
S: a) 3,38 g/cm3 b) 3,76 g/cm3
31) Vit cc k hiu Kroger-Vink
a) Trng Oxy trong MgO
b) Sai hng Frenkel cation v anion trong MgO
c) Sai hng Schottky trong MgO
d) Sai hng Frenkel cation trong Li3N
e) Trong SrCl2 khi Ca2+ thay Sr2+, Na+ thay Sr2+, Al3+thay th Sr2+
32) Nu ngi ta mun tng s ion F- trong SrF2 v tr xen k th ngi ta phi thm NaF hay LaF3.
Tng t nu mun tng s l trng F- th phi thm NaF hay LaF.
33) Gi s c n tinh th kim loi chu ti theo phng [110]
a) Nu ng sut trt ti hn l 0,34 MPa th ng sut p t l bao nhiu to ra trt trong h
trt (111) [110].
b) Vi h trt trn th kim loi c cu trc Fcc, Bcc hay Hcp
34) n tinh th kim loi Fcc c ng sut trt ti hn l 55,2 MPa.
a) Tm ng sut ln nht c th t vo mt thanh kim loi ny theo phng [112] to ra trt theo
phng [101] trong mt (111)
b) Tnh li kt qu nu kim loi l Bcc, khi h trt l [111] (101) vi cng gi tr ti hn.

BI TP LM THM
1) Si (c cu trc ging kim cng, a = 0,543 nm) cha 1021 nguyn t B trong 1 m3 to bn dn
loi p. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca B v s c s Si c cha 1 nguyn t B. Bit MSi = 28,09, MB
= 10,81.

10

2) Bit CaF2 c rCa = 0.106 nm v RF = 0,133 nm. Hy xc nh : a) Hnh chiu trn mt phng y
ca CaF2 v mt xp th tch ca khi lp phng to bi 8 ion F-. b) Mt xp ca mt mt
phng ch cha ion dng. c) Mt xp ca mt mt phng ch cha ion m.
3) 912 0C th tch c s ca Fe (Bcc) l 0,02464 nm3 v ca Fe (Fcc) l 0,0486 nm3. Tnh phn
trm thay i khi lng ring khi Fe chuyn t Bcc sang Fcc. Bit MFe = 55,85.
4). Bit bn knh r (Ni2+) = 0,078 nm, r (O2-) = 0,132 nm, hy d on cu trc, biu din hnh chiu
trn mt phng ngang v tnh mt sp xp th tch ca NiO.
5) Nu CaF2 (khng c khuyt tt) c thay th Ca2+ bi Y3+ vi t l Y3+/ Ca2+ = 0.1. Tnh khi
lng ring CaF2 khi c YF3. Bit MCa = 40, MY = 88,91, MF = 19 , rCa = 0,106 nm v RF = 0,133
nm
Gi s khi thm YF3 vo CaF2 th khng to ra ion xen k v hng s mng CaF2 vn khng i.
6) Si (c cu trc ging kim cng, a = 0,543 nm) cha 0,000 001 % khi lng P to bn dn loi
n. Tnh s nguyn t P trong 1 m3 Si v s c s Si c cha 1 nguyn t P. Bit MSi = 28,09, MP=
30,97.
7) Bit ZnS (sphalerite) c rZn = 0,083 nm v RS = 0,174 nm. Hy xc nh : a) Hnh chiu trn mt
phng y v khong cch gn nht gia hai ion dng. b) Mt xp ca mt mt phng ch cha ion
dng. c) Mt xp ca mt mt phng ch cha ion m.
8) MnS c hai dng cu trc, mt dng vi cu trc ging NaCl { r ( Mn2+) = 0,083 nm, r (S2-) = 0,174
nm}, mt dng ging vi ZnS (sphalerite) { r ( Mn2+) = 0,068 nm, r (S2-) = 0,164 nm}. Tnh phn trm
thay i th tch khi dng ZnS chuyn thnh dng NaCl.
9) Bit bn knh r(Cs+) = 0,167 nm, r(I-) = 0,22 nm, hy d on cu trc, biu din hnh chiu trn mt
phng ngang v tnh mt sp xp th tch ca CsI.
10) Mng KCl (ging NaCl, khng c khuyt tt) c thay th K+ bi Ti4+ vi t l Ti4+/ K+ = 0.1.
Tnh khi lng ring KCl khi c TiCl4. Bit MK = 39, MTi = 47,9, MCl = 35,5, rK = 0,133 nm v RCl =
0,181 nm
Gi s khi thm TiCl4 vo KCl th khng to ra ion xen k v hng s mng KCl vn khng i.
11) 1000 0 C c 1,7 % khi lng cacbon to dung dch rn vi Fe (Fcc) . Tnh s nguyn t cacbon
trong 100 c s ca st. MFe = 55,85 v MC = 12,01.
12) Bit CsCl c rCs = 0,165 nm v RCl = 0,181 nm. Hy xc nh : a) Hnh chiu trn mt phng y
v khong cch t gc n mt (112). b) Mt xp ca mt mt phng ch cha ion dng. c) Mt
xp ca mt mt phng ch cha ion m.
13) Hng s mng ca kim cng a = 0,357 nm. Tnh phn trm thay i th tch khi 1 g kim cng
chuyn thnh 1 g grapht, bit khi lng ring ca grapht l 2,25 g/cm3. Bit MC = 12,01.
14) Bit bn knh r (Mg2+) = 0,066 nm, r (O2-) = 0,132 nm, hy d on cu trc, biu din hnh chiu
trn mt phng ngang v tnh mt sp xp th tch ca MgO.

11

15) Mng NaCl (khng c khuyt tt) c thay th Na+ bi Al3+ vi t l Al3+/ Na+ = 0.1. Tnh
khi lng ring NaCl khi c AlCl3 . Bit MNa = 23, MAl = 27, MCl = 35,5, rNa = 0.098 nm v RCl =
0,181 nm
Gi s khi thm AlCl3 vo NaCl th khng to ra ion xen k v hng s mng NaCl vn khng i

16) Ni c cu trc Fcc vi MNi = 58,71, khi lng ring theo l thuyt ca Ni l 8,91 g/cm3 v khi
lng ring thc t l 8,87 g/cm3. Nu s khc nhau v khi lng ring l do s c mt ca nt trng,
hi c bao nhiu v tr nguyn t th c mt v tr b b trng.
17) Bit NaCl c rNa = 0,098 nm v RCl = 0,181 nm. Hy xc nh : a) Hnh chiu trn mt phng y
1
2

1
2

v khong cch gia hai ion dng (0,1,0) v ( ,0, ). b) Mt xp ca mt mt phng ch cha
ion dng. c) Mt xp ca mt mt phng ch cha ion m.
18) MnS c hai dng cu trc, mt dng vi cu trc ging NaCl { r ( Mn2+) = 0,083 nm, r (S2-) =
0,174 nm}, mt dng ging vi ZnS (sphalerite) { r ( Mn2+) = 0,048 nm, r (S2-) = 0,158 nm}. Tnh phn
trm thay i th tch khi dng NaCl chuyn thnh dng ZnS.
19) Bit bn knh r (Cd2+) = 0,069 nm, r (S2-) = 0,174 nm, hy d on cu trc, biu din hnh chiu
trn mt phng ngang v tnh mt sp xp th tch ca CdS.
20) MnS dng NaCl c rMn2+ = 0.91 A v RS2- = 1.74 A . MMn = 55, MS = 32.
a) Ghi gi tr ta z trn hnh v, tnh khi lng ring v mt xp th tch Mv.
b) Tnh MS(220) v MS(111).

Mn2+

S2

21) Co c cu trc lc gic xp cht (Hcp) vi khi lng ring = 8,83 g/cm3 , nguyn t lng MCo
= 58,93 v t s c/a = 1,62. Hy tnh hng s mng a, c v bn knh nguyn t Co. So snh vi gi tr
bn knh nguyn t Co l 0,125 nm trong s tay.
22) Mt nt trng trong Cu tnh theo Cv = exp (-Q/RT). Bit Q = 83600 J/mol, R = 8,31 J/mol.oK.
Khi Cu chuyn t nhit phng (25 oC) sang nhit chy (1083 oC) th mt nt trng s tng ln
bao nhiu ln