+ Cc cng trnh c yu cu v bo m an ton cho cc cng trnh ln cn, cn trnh xy ra

tranh chp, n b h hng cho qu trnh xy dng.

+ Cc cng trnh cu, mng hng ro, tng bao cho tng hm, cng trnh trn b sng
Cc cng trnh c a tng xen kp phc tp.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Nguyn Thi, V Cng Ng, Mng cc phn tch v thit k, Nh xut bn Khoa hc K thut
[2] GSTS Nguyn Vn Qung KS. Nguyn Hu Khng KS. Ung nh Cht, Nn v mng cc
cng trnh dn dng-cng nghip, Nh xut bn Xy dng
TIU CHUN THI CNG V NGHIM THU:
STT
S hiu tiu chun
Tn tiu chun
1
TCXD 4055 - 1985
T chc thi cng.
2
TCVN 4091 - 1985
Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng.
3
TCVN 4447 - 1987
Cng tc t. Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.
4
TCVN 4452 - 1987
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp lp ghp.
Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.
5
TCVN 4453 - 1995
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi.
Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.
6
TCXD 79 - 1980
Thi cng v nghim thu cc cng tc nn mng.
7
TCXD 190 - 1996
Mng cc tit din nh. Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu.
8
TCXD 206 - 1998
Cc khoan nhi . Yu cu v cht lng thi cng.
Ngi phn bin: ThS. Nguyn Tin Thnh

NG DNG PHNG PHP S TRONG TNH TON

SC CHU TI CC KHOAN NHI
CALCULATION OF BORED PILE BEARING CAPACITY BY USING FINITE
ELEMENT METHOD
ThS. TRN HUY THANH
Khoa Cng trnh thy, Trng HHH
Tm tt
Bi bo ny trnh by mt cch tng qut cch tnh ton sc chu ti cc khoan nhi
theo TCXDVN 205-98, cc phng php thc nghim xc nh sc chu ti ca cc
(PDA, nn tnh, OSTENBERG, c s l thuyt chung ca phn mm Plaxis 3D
foundation, ng dng ca phn mm trong tnh ton sc chu ti ca cc khoan nhi.
Abstract
This Article presents in a general the method to calculate bearing capacity of the bored
pile according to TCXDVN 205-98, experimental methods to determine the bearing
capacity of the bored pile such as PDA test, Static load test, OSTENBERG test, and
also introduce the foundamental theory of Plaxis 3D foundation program and using for
calculating the bored pile bearing capactity.
1. t vn
Mng cc vung hay c bit l cc khoan nhi ang l gii php u tin hng u i vi
cc cng trnh chu ti trng ln. Sau khi hon thin cc, vic xc nh sc chu ti chnh xc ca
cc l vn nan gii. C th s dng phng php nn tnh, phng php th ng PDA, th
nghim OSTENBERG so snh vi kt qu tnh ton theo l thuyt, t la chn c chiu
di cc i tr. Tuy nhin, vic th nghim trn l tng i phc tp, tn km, do vy, cn thit
phi xut mt phng php tnh ton l thuyt khc, so snh vi thc t rt bt thi gian
cho cc cng tc trn.
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Vi yu cu tnh ton ngy cng cao, cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca phng php s,
vic ng dng phng php s tnh ton sc chu ti cc khoan nhi l ht sc cn thit i
vi cng tc thit k trong giai on hin nay.
2. Cc phng php xc nh sc chu ti cc khoan nhi
2.1 Phng php th nghim ng bin dng ln PDA
Nguyn l ca phng php th ng bin dng ln v thit b phn tch ng cc PDA [8]
da trn nguyn l thuyt truyn sng ng sut trong bi ton va chm ca cc, vi u vo l cc
s liu o gia tc v bin dng thn cc di tc dng ca qu ba. Cc c trng ng theo
Smith [8] l o sng ca lc v sng vn tc (tch phn gia tc) ri tin hnh phn tch thi gian
thc i vi hnh sng (bng cc php tnh lp) da trn l thuyt truyn sng ng sut thanh
cng v lin tc do va chm dc trc ti u cc gy ra.
C s ca phng php ny da vo:
+ Phng trnh truyn sng trong cc
+ Phng php case
+ M hnh h ba - cc - t ca Smith
+ Phn mm CAPWAPC
+ H thng thit b phn tch ng cc PDA
* Phm vi p dng
- Thi gian nhanh hn th tnh, chi ph thp, th c nhiu cc trong ngy
- La chn c h thng ng cc hp l
- Tiu chun p dng: theo tiu chun ASTM D4945.
2.2 Phng php th tnh ng [8]
* Phm vi p dng
- Cho tt c cc loi cc ng v cc nghing trong mi iu kin a cht
- T nm 1988, STATNAMIS th c ti trng 0.1 MN v n nm 1994 pht trin
th c ti trng n 30 MN. N c p dng nhiu Canada, M, H Lan, Nht Bn, c...
* Nhn xt
- Vic ng dng th ti STATNAMIS ang ngy cng cnh tranh mnh m vi th ti bin
dng ln PDA do c tin cy cao, gi thnh hp l v nhiu u im hn so vi phng php
PDA. c bit c th th ti ngang hay vi ti trng rt ln n trn 3.000 tn. V ln ti trng
th t c cho n nay n ch km phng php hp ti trng Osterberg.
2.3 Phng php th ti trng tnh truyn thng
y l phng php trc tip xc nh ti ca cc, thc cht l xem xt ng x ca cc (
ln) trong iu kin cc lm vic nh thc t di ti trng cng trnh nhm mc ch chnh l xc
nh tin cy ca cc ti trng thit k, xc nh ti trng gii hn ca cc, hoc kim tra
cng vt liu ca cc vi h s an ton xc nh bi thit k [8].
* Nguyn l v phm vi p dng
Dng h thng cc neo hoc cc vt nng cht pha trn nh cc lm i trng gia ti
nn cc.
Phng php ny ch thch hp ni c mt bng rng, ni khng c nc mt (sng)
v cc th c ti trng nh (< 5000 tn).
Chi ph cho vic lm i trng s cng ln khi ti trng cc, th cng ln v nht l ni sng
nc.
* Nhn xt v kt lun
Trong cc phng php th ti trng cc khoan nhi, phng php th ti trng tnh truyn
thng tuy khng dng thit b hin i nhng chi ph cng s rt cao khi gp iu kin kh khn v
mt bng. Kt qu th ti l sc chu ng tng cng ca cc (khng cho bit ring: sc chu ti
ca mi cc v sc chu ti thn cc). Bn cnh i vi cc cc khoan nhi c sc chu ti ca
10.000 tn hoc ln hn th h i trng gia ti theo phng php ny cng s gp kh khn,
khng thc hin c. Do vy p dng th ti tnh truyn thng ch yu s dng th ti cc
cc c ti trng di 5.000 tn v cc b tr mt rng ri v trn cn.
Ngoi ra s dng phng php ny tn nhiu thi gian, phng tin k thut. Tuy nhin
phng php ny cho kt qu c xem l chnh xc nht trong cc phng php hin nay, c
th lm c s cho vic kim chng cc phng php khc.
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2.4 Phng php th ti tnh bng hp ti trng Osterberg

* Phm vi p dng
- C th thy ngay phng php ny [7] ph hp vi cc cc c sc chng gii hn thnh
bn v mi cc tng ng nhau. Cn trong trng hp sc chng gii hn ca mi nh hn
sc chng thnh bn th c th t hai tng mi cc v thn cc th. Cao trnh t tng
thn phi m bo iu kin Pghmi > Pgh. Khi trnh t cht ti s phc tp hn c th xc
nh c Pghmi, Pgh on ton thn cc.
- Phng php ny p dng th ti cho cc cc khoan nhi c sc chiu ti ln, nhng ni
kh khn v mt bng thi cng hay cc trn sng nc.
* Nhn xt
Phng php th ti cc khoan nhi bng hp ti Osterberg mang li chnh xc cao, c
th kim tra c kh nng chu lc ca tng lp t cc i qua (thng qua gi tr sc khng ma
st thnh bn v sc khng mi ca t nn). Vi thit b th nghim gn nh, loi th nghim dng
hp ti trng Osterberg c th dng th ti cc chu ti 4000 18000 tn v c th ln hn. Th
ti bng hp ti trng Osterberg cell khc phc c khuyt im ca phng php th ti tnh
truyn thng nh: c th b tr th ti cc ni sng rng, su, nc chy xit hoc ni mt bng
cht hp...Nhc im ca th ti Osterberg l cn c i ng chuyn gia k thut cao thc hin
th nghim. Hin ti tuy chi ph th ti cn cao, nhng tng lai v lu di phng php th ti
tnh bng hp ti trng Osterberg c th s c chi ph thp v c xu hng s dng thay th hon
chnh phng php th ti tnh truyn thng trong cng tc th nghim cc khoan nhi ng knh
ln.
3. Tng quan v phn mm Plaxis 3D foundation v cc ng dng
3.1 Tng quan v phn mm
Phn mm Plaxis 3D foundation [1] l mt trong nhng phn mm mnh c nhiu nc
trn th gii dng gii quyt cc bi ton v mng, cng trnh giao thng, cng trnh cngng thy, phn ngm cc cng trnh xy dng v cc cng trnh ngm tng tc vi nn t.
3.2 Phm vi p dng
Phn mm Plaxis 3D foundation t r th mnh trong tnh ton ng sut, bin dng, chuyn
v ln, ni lc trong kt cu v n nh trt su tng tc gia cng trnh vi nn t gia cng
(bc thm, vi a k thut, cc, neo ) hoc nn t khng gia cng (t t nhin) [1].
Di y l nhng vn c bn v kh nng gii quyt bi ton a k thut v quy trnh
tin hnh tnh ton kt cu cng trnh nm trong t.
3.2.1 Cc dng bi ton
+ Bi ton khng gian 3D dng cho vic m t trng thi ng sut bin dng trong cc giai
on thi cng thc t theo khng giai k c cc phng n thi cng hin i nh cc phng
php o ngm.
+ Cc m hnh t nn a dng c k n qu trnh thot nc, khng thot nc, c kt v
t bin. M t c s hnh thnh cc khe nt gia t v kt cu trong qu trnh lm vic nh
phn t tip xc.
+ Bi ton ng (ng cc ng t v cc dng ti c chu k khc) dng cho bi ton
phng.
3.2.2 Cc ng dng tnh ton ca phn mm Plaxis 3D foundation
Plaxis 3D Foundation l phn mm chuyn dng phn tch bin dng ca kt cu mng
di dng 3D. Qu trnh phn tch c k n s tng tc gia phn kt cu bn trn v nn t.
c bit vi mng cc c s nh hng ln nhau gia i cc, cc v t th phn tch bin dng
s dng 3D Foundation rt hiu qu.
Chc nng c bn:
+ Phn tch sc chu ti ca cc khoan nhi
+ Phn tch mng b i xng trn mt mt thng ng
+ Bi ton kt cu h o
+ Gia c nn v tnh ton ln mng cng trnh
+ Kt cu tng c
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Cc bc gii bi ton bng phn mm Plaxis 3D foundation:

1) Bc 1: Thit lp tng th bi ton;
2) Bc 2: Thit lp mt bng lm vic;
3) Bc 3: Thit lp ng bao, hnh dng kt cu;
4) Bc 4: Khai bo ti trng;
5) Bc 5: Khai bo l khoan v cc tnh cht vt liu;
6) Bc 6: Chia li phn t;
7) Bc 7: Thit lp giai on tnh ton;
8) Bc 8: Chn im;
9) Bc 9: Tnh ton;
10) Bc 10: Xem v xut kt qu ni lc, bin dng v ng sut ca kt cu;
11) Bc 11: Xem v xut kt qu biu quan h lc chuyn v ca kt cu.
4. ng dng phng php s trong tnh ton sc chu ti cc khoan nhi
4.1. Nhng cn c tnh ton:
Trn c s l thuyt trn tc gi s tnh ton sc chu ti ca cc khoan nhi mt cng
trnh thc t (D n Cu Ro II, Cc tr S1) [6] bng l thuyt (TCXD 205-98), tnh ton bng
phng php phn t hu hn, so snh kt qu tnh ton vi kt qu th nghim hin trng
(bng phng php th nghim Ostenberg). T a ra nhng nhn xt c th.
4.2. Tnh ton c th
Dng phng php s tnh ton sc chu ti cc khoan nhi vi cc thng s cc nh sau
[4]:
ng knh cc: D=1000;
Chiu di cc: 52m
4.2.1. Tnh ton bng l thuyt (TCXD 205-1998)
SCT cc khoan nhi bng 437,1T, trong sc khng thn cc l 253,1 T, sc khng mi l
184T: Do s liu tra bng nn gp phi sai s trong tnh ton, ng thi khng nh gi c
ln ca cc trong qu trnh lm vic.
4.2.2. Kt qu th nghim Ostenberg [11]
Ti p dng l: 4,7MN th chuyn v o c l 9,5mm
Ti p dng l: 5,7MN th chuyn v o c l 12,4mm

Hnh 1. ng cong chuyn v - lc bng th nghim OSTENBERG.

4.2.3 Tnh ton bng phng php s

S dng phn mm PLAXIS-3D Foundation, m hnh ha th nghim cc nh thc t, kt qu
c th ta c:
Ti p dng l: 4,7MN th chuyn v tnh ton c l 12mm
Ti p dng l: 5,7MN th chuyn v tnh ton c l 16mm

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4.7MN

5.7MN

5.8MN

Hnh 2. ng cong chuyn v - lc tnh bng phng php s, Plaxis 3D foundation.

5. Nhn xt
Sau khi tnh ton v so snh vi kt qu thc nghim, tc gi c mt s nhn xt sau:
1) Vic tnh ton sc chu ti bng phng php s cho kt qu kh st vi thc t, c th
nh gi c ti trng gii hn ca cc v chuyn v cho php, t gip cc k s cn nhc
trong vic yu cu ti trng cho php cho tng cc;
2) Sai s gia kt qu tnh ton v thc nghim c th l gii l do trong tnh ton mi ch
tnh cho mt cc n, cha k n nh hng ca cc cc xung quanh, ng thi phm vi nh
hng ca cc t ra trong bi ton l gi nh (5x5m);
3) Phng php s nh gi sc chu ti ca cc theo tc gi ng tin cy, cn tp hp
nhiu s liu thc nghim v so snh vi kt qu tnh ton a ra nhng khuyn co hp l
tit kim cho qu trnh thi cng nhng vn m bo tin cy.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] PGS.TS Vn (2011), Phn mm Plaxis 3D foundation ng dng vo tnh ton mngcng trnh ngm, Nh Xut bn Xy dng
[2] PGS.TS Vn (2009), Phn mm Plaxis ng dng vo tnh ton cc cng trnh thy cng,
Nh Xut bn Xy dng;
[3] L c Thng (1994), Nn v mng, NXB Xy dng;
[4] Lin danh WSP-Finnroad-Tedi, Bn v Cu ro II, 2004.
[5] PGS.TS Nguyn Hu u & KS. Phan Hip, Phng php Osterberg nh gi sc chu ti cc
khoan nhi - ba rt.
[6] Cng ty HCDC-Hi phng, Bo co kho st a cht b sung d n Cu Ro II, 6/2010.
[7] http://vi.ketcau.wikia.com/wiki/Th_nghim_Osterberg;
[8] http://vi.ketcau.wikia.com/wiki/Kiem_tra_suc_chiu_tai_coc_khoan_nhoi
[9] W.Wehlert & P.A Vermeer Magnus Larson Takao Yamashita (2005), Numerical analyses of
load test on bored piles, University of stuttgart, Germany.
[10] Plaxis 3D foundation manual V1.6
[11] Furgo load test Asia pre ltd, Report on bored pile load testing (Ostenberg cell method), 1/2011,
Rao II Bridge construction project
Ngi phn bin: ThS. Nguyn S Nguyn

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