1.

Yu cu chung:
1.1. Nh xng ch bin phi c t v tr cao so vi mt bng chung ca khu vc, c h
thng thot nc ch ng v c hiu qu trnh b ng lt vo ma ma.
1.2. trnh gy nhim bn cho thc phm, v tr t xng ch bin phi p ng cc yu cu
sau:
a) Khng t qu gn ng c nhiu xe c qua li hoc cc nh my s dng than lm ngun
nng lng, c th gy tch t bi bn v cht bn;
b) Khng t gn cc khu vc chn nui, bi rc, khu ho tng ca ngha trang ni pht sinh cc
mi hi thi v l ngun sinh sn cc vi sinh vt gy hi;
c) Khng t gn cc nh my sn xut hoc kho tng tr ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt, c th
pht sinh hi c v lm nhim ngun nc;
d) Khng t gn cc bnh vin, c bit l cc bnh vin thuc khoa ly nh bnh vin lao, tri
phong v khng c ng nc thi chy qua.
1.3. Vng ph cn v khu vc c s phi c ng rng, mt lt cng cc xe chuyn dng
d dng vn chuyn. Trong trng hp khu vc ph cn c nguy c gy nhim, c s cn c
bin php kim sot cht ch ngn chn s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt gy hi hoc cc cht
nhim bn.
1.4. Tng din tch v c cu din tch ca c s (khu tp kt nguyn liu, khu ch bin, khu bao
gi, khu bo qun) phi ph hp vi cng sut thit k ca c s v c xy dng vi khng
gian ph hp m bo thun tin cho vn hnh, bo dng, lm v sinh v kim tra.
1.5. c xy dng vng chc bng cc vt liu khng nh hng ti thc phm, khng b cc
sinh vt gy hi xm nhp v tr ng, trnh c s xm nhp ca khi, bi, hi c v cc cht
nhim bn khc.
1.6. c thit k v xy dng theo mt trc ph hp vi trnh t ca dy chuyn cng ngh ch
bin v c phn thnh khu cch bit: tp kt nguyn liu, ch bin, bao gi v bo qun c
ng chuyn ph phm v ph liu ring ca mi khu m bo nguyn tc khng ly nhim ln
nhau gia nguyn liu, bn thnh phm, gia thc phm vi cc vt liu bao b, ho cht ty ra
hoc ph liu.
2. Khu vc x l thc phm:
2.1. Sn nh: Phi lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, khng hp th, khng c k nt v li
lm nhng khng c trn trt, d lm sch v kh trng. Sn c xy dng vi nghing
theo hng ca h thng thot nc thi v sn ca khu ch bin nn cao hn sn ca khu tp kt
nguyn liu v thp hn sn ca khu ng gi.

2.2. Tng: Lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, khng hp th v d lm sch. Tng phi
nhn, khng c cc vt nt (l ni tch t bi bn hoc khu tr ca cn trng), mu sng, cc gc
tip gip gia tng vi tng, tng vi trn v tng vi sn phi c p d lm sch v
kh trng.
2.3. Trn: Trn nh phi lm bng vt liu chng bm bi, t ngng ng hi nc, mc, mc,
khng b bong lp ph v d lm sch.
2.4. Ca s: Khung ca lm bng cc vt liu khng hp th, bu ca s c dc ra ngoi (
trnh, bi, nc ma c th xm nhp vo khu vc sn xut), c li ngn cn trng bng vt
liu khng g, c th tho lp c khi lm sch.
2.5. Ca ra vo: Lm bng vt liu khng hp th, d lm sch, t ng v kn khi khp li.
2.6. Cu thang, thang my v cc cu trc ph nh bc k, thang, cu trt, mng thi phi thit
k v xy lp sao cho khng nhim bn thc phm. Cu trt, mng thi phi c ca v c
xy lp sao cho d kim tra v lm sch.
2.7. Lp t thit b: Khong cch gia cc phng tin ch bin v vi tng phi rng m
bo thun tin cho vic di chuyn, thao tc ch bin v kim tra ttnh gy nhim bn thc
phm, b mt tip xc vi thc phm t qun o phng tin bo h v hot ng ca con ngi.
2.8. Bn ln men dng khi t ngoi tri: Cn c np y, mt ngoi ca bn phi nhn trnh
cn trng tr ng. nh k kim tra s xm nhp ca cn trng v vt bt khi cn.
2.9. Gim ti thiu kh nng nhim bn: Gim ti thiu kh nng nhim bn i vi thc phm,
b mt tip xc vi thc phm, vt liu bao b cha ng thc phm bng cc bin php kim
sot an ton thc phm, t chc sn xut thch hp hoc thit k ph hp nhm tch ri cc hot
ng c th gy nhim bn trong dy chuyn sn xut bng cc bin php nh cch ly, thi kh.
3. Phng tin v sinh:
3.1. Cp nc: Nc ng cung cp theo cc yu cu sau
- Cht lng nc:
Nc ung c (theo 2.15): Dng cho cc cng on ch bin hoc lm sch m nc tip
xc vi thc phm hoc cc b mt tip xc vi thc phm (k c nc ra tay). Dng sn
xut nc , m bng, lm chn (luc, chn).
Nc khng ung c: Dng sn xut hi nc, lm v sinh cc b mt khng tip xc trc
tip vi thc phm (sn nh, tng, mng thi, dng c cha v vn chuyn cht thi) v dng
trong h thng an ton (phng chy) h thng v sinh (tr nc ra tay).

- Nc ung c, c cp trong cc h thng ng ng kn c p sut v nhit ph hp

vi yu cu ca tng cng on ch bin v m bo cung cp y ti mi ni trong ton b
c s.
- H thng ng ng phi c kch thc ph hp, c thit k, lp t thun tin bo
dng, lm sch v m bo khng c hin tng chy ngc v s thng thu gia nc ung
c v nc khng ung c, gia h thng cp nc v h thng thot nc. Phi c k hiu
ring phn bit h thng nc ung c v khng ung c.
3.2. Thot nc:
- m bo rnh nc trn sn khu vc x l thc phm, khng gy hin tng ng nc
trn sn. Cc rnh thot nc phi lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, c kch thc ph hp
vi lu lng ti a ca dng nc thi, c np y ph hp v c thit k chy theo dc
ca nn t khu x l ra khu cha nc thi, khng nc thi chy ngc li hoc trn t khu
x l nguyn liu sang khu ch bin v c xy lp sao cho d lm sch v kh trng.
- Cc h ga lng ng ca h thng nc thi phi c np y, t v tr ph hp, c thit k
v xy lp d lm sch v kh trng.
3.3. Nh v sinh:
Phi c s lng nh v sinh ph hp vi s ngi lm vic trong nh my, c th tham kho
qui nh sau:
S ngi lm vic
S nh v sinh
19
1
10 24
2
25 49
3
50 100
4
Trn 100 c 30 ngi thm mt nh v sinh
Nh v sinh khng c m ca thng ra khu vc x l thc phm (tr khi l ca hai lp hoc
c h thng thng gi nh hng theo chiu ngc li vi hng ca m), ca ng t ng v
kn.
S dng cc phng tin ra tay, lm kh tay t ng.
Thng cha giy v sinh, giy lau phi c np kn, m t ng hoc m bng chn.
3.4. Phng tin ra tay: Cc phng tin ra tay phi ng qui cch, t cc v tr thun tin,
c vi cp nc ung c v c gi nhit thch hp vi yu cu ca cng on x l.
Phi c phng tin ra tay, lm kh tay (t ng hoc iu khin bng chn) theo t l
ngi lm vic, c b tr cc im cn thit theo qui nh.

S dng cc cht kh trng c hiu qu loi b vi sinh vt khi ra tay, dng thit b sy kh
tay t ng hoc giy v trng s dng mt ln (khng dng khn s dng nhiu ln).
Cc cht thi (khn, giy, cht kh trng) phi c cha ng trong cc thng kn c np m t
ng hoc bng chn. Nc thi phi c thot trit khng ng trn mt sn hoc chy
ngc vo khu x l.
4. Phng tin chiu sng:
4.1. Phi m bo sng (t nhin hoc nhn to) thch hp vi yu cu ca tng cng
on, s dng loi nh sng khng lm nh hng n s nhn bit mu sc ca sn phm v c
cng khng nh hn:
540 lux (50 nn) ti tt c cc im kim tra, khu ch bin th cng, khu phn loi nguyn liu.
220 lux (20 nn) ti cc khu lm vic.
110 lux (10 nn) ti cc khu vc khc
4.2. Bng n, chao n, dy dn dng ti khu vc x l thc phm phi l loi an ton v c b
phn bo v trnh nhim bn thc phm khi b v.
5. Thng gi:
Nh xng phi c thng gi ch ng bng h thng thng gi nhn to (trnh tch t khng
kh bn, hi nc, nhit) theo cc yu cu:
- Lung kh phi t ni sch n ni bn, t thnh phm thi v nguyn liu.
- Thit b thng gi phi c cng sut ph hp yu cu thng kh ca tng cng on c th v
c lp t ti cc v tr ph hp vi yu cu (c bit ch khu vc ch bin nhit, ch bin
t), khng kh phi c lc sch khi cn.
- Cc ca thng gi phi c li bo v bng thp khng g, va m bo an ton va ngn cn
s xm nhp ca sinh vt gy hi. Li phi d tho lp khi lm sch.
- Cc cht ph thi ch x l phi c lu gi khu bit lp vi khu vc x l thc phm, c v
tr v cu trc ph hp khng nhim cht bn v mi hi sang thc phm (khng u gi,
u ngun cp nc).
- Cc cht ty ra, cht kh trng, thuc tr su, xng du phi c bo qun cc khu vc bit
lp, c bin bo r rng, khng u ngun gi, cch ly hon ton vi khu x l thc phm.
6. Thit b v dng c:

6.1. My mc, thit b c ch to bng vt liu khng gy nhim bn thc phm v d lm

sch. Cc b phn tip xc trc tip vi thc phm phi bng thp khng g, c kt cu ph hp,
cc phn tip ni phi trn, nhn d lm sch v kh trng.
6.2. Cc thit b cp ng, cp lnh hoc gia nhit, cc kho lnh hoc xe lnh phi c nhit k t
ghi duy tr ch nhit theo qui nh v c h thng bo ng khi c s bin i nhit ngoi
qui nh.
6.3. Cc thit b dng o, iu chnh, ghi chp nhit , o pH, axit, hm lng nc t do
hay cc yu t nhm hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt c hi trong thc phm phi c bo
tr v kim nh thng xuyn.
6.4. My thi kh hay cc kh c thi vo thc phm phi c x l khng lm nhim bn
thc phm .
6.5. Cc thit b v dng c, k c vt liu bao gi phi c thit k, lp t v s dng sao cho
trnh c s nhim bn thc phm do du, m bi trn, mnh vn kim loi, nc b nhim bn
hay bt c ngun ly nhim bn khc. Cc thit b phi c lp t sao cho d dng lm v sinh
thit b hay mi trng xung quanh.
6.6. Cc dng c (bn, x, r, chu) v phng tin cm tay (dao, ko) phi lm bng cc vt
liu khng hp th. Trong ch bin t, bn, r, cn dao khng c lm bng g v mt bn ch
bin phi lm bng thp khng g. R, x, chu bng plastic.
6.7. Cc thit b trong khu vc sn xut nhng khng tip xc trc tip vi thc phm cng phi
m bo v sinh.
7. H thng an ton:
7.1. Nh, xng phi thit k, xy dng m bo cc ng di chuyn thun tin cho nguyn
liu, bn thnh phm, ph phm v cht ph thi, m bo hot ng an ton cho ngi sn xut
v an ton cho thc phm. Cn thit k cc li thot an ton trong trng hp khn cp (c bin
bo v hng dn c th).
7.2. C h thng bo ng ton c s hoc tng khu vc trong cc trng hp khn cp
7.3. Xy dng h thng b nc, xc nh ngun nc phng chy, trang b cc phng tin v
cc bnh cha chy ti cc phn xng trong c s.