Ha hc 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit

khng c tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)

1. Phng php gii chung :
- Cch 1: Cch gii thng thng: s dng phng php i s, thit lp mi quan h
gia d kin bi ton vi n s, sau gii phng trnh hoc h phng trnh
- Cch 2: Cch gii nhanh: S dng cc nh lut nh: Bo ton in tch, bo ton khi
lng, bo ton nguyn t ( Kt hp vi pp i s gii)
* Ch : Thng thng mt bi ton phi phi hp t 2 phng php gii tr ln, ch
khng n thun l p dng 1 phng php gii
V d 1: Ha tan hon ton 1,93 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Fe v Al vo dd HCl d, sau
phn ng thu c m gam mui v 1,456 lt kh H2 ktc. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 6,545 gam

B. 5,46 gam

C. 4,565 gam

D. 2,456 gam
Gii:
Cch 1: nH2= 1,456/22,4= 0,065 mol
Cc PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (1)
Mol: x

1,5x

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
Mol: y

(2)
y

Theo u bi ta c: 27x + 56y = 1,93 (I) v 1,5x + y = 0,065 (II). Gii h (I) v (II) ta
c:
x =0,03, y= 0,02 m= 0,03.133,5 + 0,02. 127= 6,545 gam . Vy p n A ng
Cch 2: Ta lun c nHCl=2nH2 = 2.0,065=0,13 mol. Vy theo nh lut bo ton khi
lng ta c:
1,93 + 0,13.36,5= m + 0,065.2 m= 6,545 gam Vy p n A ng

Ha 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit khng c
tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)

Ha hc 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit
khng c tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)
* Nh vy cch gii 2 ngn gn hn v nhanh hn rt nhiu cch 1, tuy nhin mun gii
theo cch 2 chng ta cn ch mt s vn sau:
- Trong cc p ca kim loi, oxit vi axit th : nHCl= 2nH2 hoc nHCl = 2nH2O
Cn: nH2SO4= nH2=nH2O
nOH- = 2nH2 ( trong phn ng ca kim loi vi H2O)
- Khi cho axit HCl tc dng vi mui cacbonat ( CO32-) cn ch :
+ Khi cho t t HCl vo CO32- th t t phn ng l:
CO32- + H+ HCO3- sau khi HCl d th:
HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O
+ Khi cho t t CO32- hoc HCO3- vo dd HCl th: xy ra ng thi c 2 phn ng
CO32- + 2H+ H2O + CO2
HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O
2. Mt s bi tp tham kho:
Bi 1. Ho tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml dd H2SO4
0,1M(va ).Sau phn ng ,c cn dung dch thu c mui khan c khi lng l:
A. 6.81g

B. 4,81g

C.3,81g

D.5,81g
Bi 2. Ho tan hon ton 3,22g hn hp X gm Fe, Mg Zn bng mt lng va
H2SO4 long thy thot 1,344 lt H2 ktc v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 10,27g

B.8.98

C.7,25g

D.

9,52g

Ha 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit khng c
tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)

Ha hc 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit
khng c tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)
Bi 3. Ha tan ht 6,3 gam hn hp gm Mg v Al trong va 150 ml dung dch gm
HCl 1M v H2SO4 1,5M thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao
nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 30,225 g

B. 33,225g

C. 35,25g

D. 37,25g

Bi 4. Ho tan 17,5 gam hp kim Zn Fe Al vo dung dch HCl thu c Vlt H2 ktc
v dung dch A C cn A thu c 31,7 gam hn hp mui khan . Gi tr V l ?
A. 1,12 lt

B. 3,36 lt

C. 4,48 lt

D. Kt

qu khc
Bi 5. Oxi ho 13,6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi thu c m gam hn hp 2 oxit . ho tan
hon ton m gam oxit ny cn 500 ml dd H2SO4 1 M . Tnh m .
A. 18,4 g

B. 21,6 g

C. 23,45 g

D.

Kt qu khc
Bi 6. Ho tan 10g hn hp bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng mt lng dd HCl va , thu c
1,12 lt hiro (ktc) v dd A cho NaOH d vo thu c kt ta, nung kt ta trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn th gi tr ca m l:
A. 12g

B. 11,2g

C. 12,2g

D. 16g

Bi 7. t chy ht 2,86 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al, Fe, Cu c 4,14 gam hn hp 3

oxit . ho tan ht hn hp oxit ny, phi dng ng 0,4 lt dung dch HCl v thu c
dung dch X. C cn dung dich X th khi lng mui khan l bao nhu ? .
A. 9,45 gam

B.7,49 gam

C. 8,54 gam

D. 6,45

gam

Ha 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit khng c
tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)

Ha hc 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit
khng c tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)
Bi 8. Cho 24,12gam hn hp X gm CuO , Fe2O3 , Al2O3 tc dng va vi 350ml dd
HNO3 4M ri un n khan dung dch sau phn ng th thu c m gam hn hp mui
khan. Tnh m .
A. 77,92 gam

B.86,8 gam

C. 76,34 gam

D.

99,72 gam
Bi 9. Ha tan 9,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu
c 7,84 lt kh X (ktc) v 2,54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c
cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c lng mui khan l
A. 31,45 gam.

B. 33,99 gam

C. 19,025 gam.

D.

56,3

gam
Bi 10. Cho 40 gam hn hp vng, bc, ng, st, km tc dng vi O2 d nung nng
thu c 46,4 gam hn hp X. Cho hn hp X ny tc dng va dung dch HCl cn
V lt dung dch HCl 2M.Tnh V.
A. 400 ml

B. 200ml

C. 800 ml

D. Gi tr

khc.
Bi 11. Ha tan m gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe3O4 trong dung dch HCl d sau phn ng
cn li 8,32 gam cht rn khng tan v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 61,92
gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m
A. 31,04 gam

B. 40,10 gam

C. 43,84 gam

D.

46,16 gam

Ha 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit khng c
tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)

Ha hc 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit
khng c tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)
Bi 12. Cho m gam hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 trong dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung
dch X v
0,328 m gam cht rn khng tan. Dung dch X lm mt mu va ht 48ml dung dch
KMnO4 1M. Gi tr ca m l
A. 40 gam

B. 43,2 gam

C. 56 gam

D. 48

gam
Bi 13. Ha tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d),
thu c 5,6 lt H2( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6
gam hn hp X l
A. 3,92 lt.

B. 1,68 lt

C. 2,80 lt

D. 4,48 lt

Bi 14. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A v B thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II, 2 chu k
lin tip. Cho 1,76 gam X tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl d thu c 1,344 lt kh H2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng mui khan thu c l
A. 6,02 gam.

B. 3,98 gam.

C. 5,68 gam.

D.

5,99 gam.
Bi 15. Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch
H2SO4 10% thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn
ng l
A. 101,68 gam.

B. 88,20 gam.

C. 101,48 gam.

D. 97,80

gam.

Ha 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit khng c
tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)

Ha hc 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit
khng c tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)

Bi 16. Cho hn hp gm Fe v FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt hn

hp kh iu kin tiu chun. Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi hiro l 9. Thnh phn
% theo s mol ca hn hp Fe v FeS ban u ln lt l
A. 40% v 60%.

B. 50% v 50%.

C. 35% v 65%.

D. 45% v 55%.
Bi 17. Cho 3,87 gam Mg v Al vo 200ml dung dch X gm HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M
thu c dung dch B v 4,368 lt H2 ktc. Phn trm khi lng ca Mg v Al trong
hn hp ln lt l
A. 72,09% v 27,91%.

B. 62,79% v 37,21%.

C. 27,91% v 72,09%.

D.

37,21% v 62,79%.
Bi 18. Cho 40 gam hn hp vng, bc, ng, st, km tc dng vi O 2 d nung nng
thu c m gam hn hp X. Cho hn hp X ny tc dng va dung dch HCl cn 400
ml dung dch HCl 2M (khng c H2 bay ra). Tnh khi lng m.
A. 46,4 gam

B. 44,6 gam

C. 52,8 gam

D.

58,2 gam
Bi 19. Cho 20 gam hn hp mt s mui cacbonat tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d
thu c 1,344 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A thu c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,33 gam

B. 20,66 gam

C. 25,32 gam

D. 30 gam

Ha 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit khng c
tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)

Ha hc 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit
khng c tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)
Bi 20. Cho 23,8 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B tc dng ht vi
dung dch HCl d thu c V lt kh CO2 (ktc) v dung dch A. Dn ton b CO2 vo dd
nc vi trong d th thu c 20 gam kt ta. C cn dung dch A thu c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 26 gam

B. 30 gam

C. 23 gam

D. 27 gam

Bi 21. Cho m gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B tc dng ht vi
dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v dung dch A. C cn dung dch A
thu c 26 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,8 gam

B. 25,2 gam

C. 23,8 gam

D. 27,4 gam

Bi 22. Ho tan hon ton 3,34 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat trung ha ca hai kim
loi ha tr II v III bng dung dch HCl d th thu c dung dch A v 0,896 lt bay ra
(ktc). Khi lng mui c trong dung dch A l
A. 31,8 gam

B. 3,78 gam

C. 4,15 gam

D.

4,23 gam
Bi 23. Cho 11,5g hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu
c 2,24 lt CO2(ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to thnh l?
A. 16,2g

B. 12,6g

C. 13,2g

D.

12,3g
Bi 24. Ha tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp hai mui XCO3 v Y2(CO3)3 bng dung dch
HCl ta thu c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh bay ra ktc. C cn dung dch A th thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,033 gam.

B. 10,33 gam.

C. 9,265 gam.

D. 92,65

gam.

Ha 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit khng c
tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)

Ha hc 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit
khng c tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)
Bi 25. Ho tan hon ton 19,2 hn hp gm CaCO3 v MgCO3 trong dung dch HCl d
thy thot ra V (lt) CO2 (ktc) v dung dch c cha 21,4 gam hn hp mui. Xc nh
V.
A. V = 3,36 lt

C. V = 3,92 lt

C. V = 4,48 lt

D.V = 5,6 lt
Bi26. Ha tan ht hn hp hai kim loi kim th vo nc, c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc) thot
ra v thu c dung dch X. Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn trung ha va
dung dch X l:
A .12 ml

B. 120 ml

C. 240 ml

D.

Tt c u sai
Bi 27. Ha tan 2 kim loi Ba v Na vo nc c dd(A) v c 13,44 lt H2 bay ra
(ktc). Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn trung ha hon ton dd A l:
A.1,2lt

B.2,4lt

C.4,8lt

D.0,5lt.

Bi 28. Khi lng hn hp A gm K2O v BaO (t l s mol 2 : 3) cn dng trung

ha ht 1,5 lt dung dch hn hp B gm HCl 0,005M v H2SO4 0,0025M l
A. 0,0489 gam.

B. 0,9705 gam.

C. 0,7783 gam.

D.

0,1604

gam.
Bi 29. Cho t t 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,5 M vo 150 ml dung dch Na2CO3 0,2 M thu
c V lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,448

B. 0,336

C. 0,224

D.

0,56

Ha 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit khng c
tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)

Ha hc 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit
khng c tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)
Bi 30. Cho t t 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,2 M vo 100 ml dd X cha Na2CO3 0,2 M v
NaHCO3 0,1 M thu c V lt kh CO2 ktc. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,672

B. 0,336

C. 0,224

D.

0,448
Bi 31. Ho tan 28 gam hn hp X gm CuSO4, MgSO4, Na2SO4 vo nc c dung
dch A. Cho A tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2 thy to thnh 46,6 gam kt ta v
dung dch B. C cn dung dch B c khi lng mui khan l
A. 25 gam.

B. 33 gam.

C. 23 gam.

D. 21

gam.
Bi 32. Cc A ng 0,3 mol Na2CO3 v 0,2 mol NaHCO3. Cc B ng 0,4 mol HCl.
rt t t cc B vo cc A, s mol kh CO2 thot ra c gi tr no?
A. 0,1

B. 0,3

C. 0,4

D. 0,5

Bi 33. Cc A ng 0,3 mol Na2CO3 v 0,2 mol NaHCO3. Cc B ng 0,4 mol HCl.
rt t t cc A vo cc B, s mol kh CO2 thot ra c gi tr no?
A. 0,2

B. 0,25

C. 0,4

D. 0,5
Bi 34. Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung
dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l tng ng l 4:1.
Trung ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui to ra l:
A. 12,78 gam

B. 14,62 gam

C. 18,46 gam

D. 13,70

gam

Ha 12: Bi tp kim loi, oxit kim loi, baz, mui, tc dng vi axit khng c
tnh oxi ha (HCl, H2SO4 long)