THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

The Deconstruction of the Universal Church

CAUSES
1) The Renaissance
2) The Catholic Church
3) Martin Luther

THE RENAISSANCE

Desiderius Erasmus
Reform by a return to the
original principles of Christianity

Johannes Gutenberg

VIDEO - GUTENBERG

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1vl2j24Mtk&list
=LPfT46AF5A1GA&index=3&feature=plcp&safe=ac
tive

RENAISSANCE DISSENTERS
John Wyclif - Lollards
Council of Constance
The execution of Jan Hus the Hussites
First defenestration of Prague

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

Composition of the words Protestant Reformation
Literally, they were protesting for a reform of the
Catholic Church
Why?

Corruption
Simony
Indulgences

The Great Schism

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH (CTD.)

The Borgia family
Donation of Constantine
Council of Constance

VIDEO MARTIN LUTHER

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyVrPIp4QsA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4TeJJmQJqU

LUTHERS 95 THESES
33. Men must be on their guard against those who say that the pope's pardons are that inestimable
gift of God by which man is reconciled to Him;

36. Every truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without
letters of pardon.
43. Christians are to be taught that he who gives to the poor or lends to the needy does a better
work than buying pardons;
47. Christians are to be taught that the buying of pardons is a matter of free will, and not of
commandment.
62. The true treasure of the Church is the Most Holy Gospel of the glory and the grace of God.
66. The treasures of the indulgences are nets with which they now fish for the riches of men.
67. The indulgences which the preachers cry as the "greatest graces" are known to be truly such, in
so far as they promote gain.
75. To think the papal pardons so great that they could absolve a man even if he had committed an
impossible sin and violated the Mother of God -- this is madness.
76. We say, on the contrary, that the papal pardons are not able to remove the very least of venial
sins, so far as its guilt is concerned.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4piapxaT0k

WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM THE VIDEO?

Early life of Martin Luther

Father wanted him to be a lawyer

Experiences with the plague
Joined a monastery
Thought he was not good enough for salvation

WHERE DID THAT LEAVE LUTHER?

1517: Pope Leo X issued special indulgence
Johann Tezel sold indulgences in Wittenberg
95 Theses

Initially ignored by the Pope

Translated into German
1519 debate in Leipzig

LUTHERS INFLAMMATORY OPINIONS

Sola Fidei
Sola Scriptura
The Priesthood of All Believers
To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
(1520)

DIET OF WORMS
Diet = parliament
Luther was ordered to recant by the Pope and the
Holy Roman Emperor
Refused to recant

SUCCESS OF THE REFORMATION?

Where did it succeed?

North of Europe
Large cities and some smaller towns
Where Luthers ideas were supported by the aristocracy

With whom did it succeed?

Some aristocracy
Women
The peasantry

How did the religious wars end?

1555: Peace of Augsburg

TWO TYPES OF REFORMATION

Magisterial Reformation

Churches that received official government sanction

Germany, Scandinavia, Switzerland, etc.

Radical Reformation
Movements that failed to gain official recognition
France, Eastern Europe

THE SITUATION IN SWITZERLAND

Independent from the Holy Roman Empire
Many small towns
Not much work for men to do most were
mercenaries
Towns were mostly populated by women

THE REFORMATION IN SWITZERLAND

Ulrich Zwingli
Began independently from the Reformation in
Germany
Criticized the Church for recruiting young men to
die for the papacy
Called for the reform of the Church

Abolition of the Roman Catholic mass

Marriage of priests
Closing of monasteries
Emphasis on preaching Scripture
Iconoclasm

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ZWINGLI AND

LUTHER
Theocracy
Nature of the Eucharist

Major dividing point of the Reformation

1529: Marburg Colloquy

Formal discussion between the leaders of the
Reformation
Huge failure

THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND

Tudor dynasty

King Henry VIII

King Edward VI
Queen Mary I
Queen Elizabeth I

Act of Supremacy (1534)

Act of Succession (1534)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdE7LyxdTAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NRUWUPvSy
A&list=PLbP6polhy98DzUiFABOAijSyhgMNFhWLg

THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND

Why?

Declaration of royal independence from the papacy

Did NOT begin reformation for religious reasons

THE REFORMATION IN FRANCE

John Calvin

Forced to flee to Geneva

Predestination
Divorce

Followers of Calvinism referred to as Huguenots

Affair of the Placards (1536)
Edict of Nantes (1598)

THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND

Strict adherence to Calvinist ideals
John Knox
Book of Common Order

THE CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION

Foundation of new religious orders

Jesuits
4 vows: poverty, chastity, obedience, and going on a mission at
the request of the pope
Education

Teresa of Avila

Diet of Regensburg

Pope Paul III

Roman Inquisition

Carmelite nuns

Index of Forbidden Books

The Council of Trent (1545-1563)