Bo Co T 5Nhm 3

Lp 10TP111

Bi 1:
PHN NG ESTER HA-TNG HP ASPIRIN
(ESTERIFICATION REACTION -THE SYNTHESIS OF ASPIRIN)
1. MC CH
Tng hp aspirin l phn ng ester ha gia mt acid v anhydrid vi
xc tc l acid H2SO4 m c.
Mc ch ca bi th nghim l tng hp aspirin v xc nh hiu sut
ca phn ng.
2. C s l thuyt

2.1.Phn ng c ch

2.2. Phng trnh phn ng

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111
OCOCH3

OH
COOH
+

Salicylic acid

(CH3CO)2O

acetic anhydride

COOH

Acetyl salicylic acid

CH3COOH
Acetic acid

3.Tin hnh th nghim

3.1. S quy trnh tin hnh th nghi m

3.2. Tin hnh th nghim

Cn 3,0 gam acid salicylic, cho vo erlen 250 ml. Ly 6,0 ml anhydrid
acetic v cho vo erlen. Tin hnh cn thn, trnh khng cho anhydrid acetic
tip xc vi da v mt.
Cho cn thn 5-10 git H2SO4 m c vo erlen v lc u hn hp.
t hn hp phn ng vo chu nc nhit 70-80 oC trong 15 pht
tin hnh phn ng.
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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Sau khi phn ng xong, cho vo 20 ml H2O, lm lnh trong chu nc

. Nu khng xut hin tinh th th ly a thy tinh c nh vo thnh bnh
to mm kt tinh hoc tin hnh khuy nh.
Tin hnh lc aspirin trn phu lc p sut thp: Ra sch phu lc
trc khi lc, ct t giy lc va vi phu lc, t t giy lc vo phu lc,
bt my p sut, ri nh mt t nc trn t giy lc. Cho ton b aspirin
vo phu lc p sut thp, ra li bng nc ba ln, mi ln 2-3 ml.
Tin hnh lm kh sn phm di nh nng mt tri hoc t sy (t0<1000C).
Cn v tnh hiu sut
. 3.3. Ha cht s dng
Acid salicylic 3,0g
H2SO4 c 5-10 git
Anhydrid acetic 6ml
3.3.1Acid salicylic
Cng thc: C7H6O3
M t: Dng tinh th mu trng, hi c mi hng
NG DNG Salicylic acid c s dng trong m phm, dc phm,
thuc nhum, thuc tr su v cc hp cht ha hc khc.
N c s dng trong sn xut cc polymer tinh th lng
Salicylic acid l mt acid monohydroxybenzoic.Axit hu c ny kt tinh
khng mu c s dng rng ri trong tng hp hu c
iu ch

Mc d c hi vi s lng ln, acid salicylic c s dng nh mtcht

bo qun thc phmv dit khun v cht kh trng.
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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Anhydrid acetic
Acetic anhydride

IUPAC tn[hide]
acetic anhydride
Ethanoic anhydrit, l hp cht ha hcvi cng thc
(CH 3 CO) 2 O,thng c vit tt l Ac 2O, n l anhydrit axit l mt thuc
th s dng rng ri trong tng hp hu c. N l mt cht lng khng mu
c mi mnh m ca acid acetic, c hnh thnh bi phn ng ca n vi
m trong khng kh.
Anhydrit axetic c sn xut bi carbonylationca methyl acetate
CH 3 CO 2 CH 3 + CO (CH 3 CO) 2 O
Acetic anhydride tan trong nc khong 2,6% tnh theo trng lng ,hu ht
acetic anhydride thy phn cho acid acetic
(CH 3 CO) 2 O + H 2 O 2 CH 3 CO 2 H
ng dng
ng dng , l mt thnh phn ca phim nh v vt liu ph khc. , n c
s dng trong sn xut aspirin(acetylsalicylic acid )
N cng c s dng nh mt cht bo qun g thng qua ngm tm
Trong ngnh cng nghip tinh bt, anydride acetic, c s dng sn
xut tinh bt bin tnh

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

3.3.1. H2SO4
Axt sulfuric

Sulfuric acid l mt axit n mn mnh m vi cngthc phn t H2SO4 .N

l mt cht lng nht khng mu hi vng v ha tan trong nc tt c cc
nng . n mn l doc tnh axit mnh N c nhiu ng dng trong
ccngnh cng nghip ha cht ,ch bin khong sn,phn bn,sn xut,lc
du,x l nc thi v tng hp ha hc
Ha tnh
Phn ng vi nc
H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O H 3 O + + HSO 4 - K 1 = 2,4 10 6 (mnh axit)
HSO 4 - + H 2 O H 3 O + + SO 4 2 - K 2 = 1,0 10 -2
Phn ng vi sulfate (II) ng. Cc tinh th mu xanh c thay i thnh
bt mu trng nh nc c ly ra.
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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

CuSO 4 5H 2 O (tinh th mu xanh) + acid sulfuric CuSO 4 (bt

trng) + 5 H 2 O
Phn ng vi kim loi
Phn ng kim loi nh st,nhm,km,mangan,magiv nickel.
Fe (s) + H 2 SO 4 (aq) H 2 (g) + FeSO 4 (aq)
N c th oxy ha kim loi km hot ng nh thicv ng, ty thuc vo
nhit ca n nh axit nitric
Cu + 2 H 2 SO 4 SO 2 + 2 H 2 O + SO 4 2 - + Cu 2 +
Axit sulfuric m c lmt tc nhn oxy ha rt mnh c bit l khi nng
Phn ng vi phi kim loi
Axt sulfuric m c oxy ha phi kim loi nh cacbonv lu hunh
C + 2 H2SO 4 CO 2 + 2 SO 2 + 2 H2O
S + 2 H 2 SO 4 3 SO 2 + 2 H 2 O
Phn ng vi natri clorua.
NaCl + H 2 SO 4 NaHSO 4 + HCl
Thay th thm Electrophilic
Benzene tri qua electrophilic thay th thmvi axit sunfuric cung cp
cho cc axit sulfonic tng ng

4.Kt qu v bn lun:
4.1.Kt qu th nghim:
Thu c 2.85g Aspirin mu trng
Khi lng Aspirin tnh theo l thuyt:3.906g
Hiu sut phn ng:H=(2.85/3,906)*100%=72.96%
GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

4.2.Bn lun kt qu:

Khi lng ca Anhydric Acetic l:m=4.32g
S mol ca Anhydric Acetic:n=0,64mol
S mol ca Acid Salisilic:n=0,022mol
Vy s mol ca Anhydric Acetic gp 3 ln s mol Acid Salisilic
Gii thch:
V y l phn ng thun nghch nn dung mt lng tha tc cht,
phn ng s dch chuyn theo chiu to ra sn phm.Ta chn lng
tha Anhidric Acetic v n c nhm
CH3COO-:l mt bazow trung tnh nn d tch ra khi sn phm
5.ng dng ca Aspirin
Ngy nay, aspirin l mt trong nhng thuc c s dng rng ri nht trn
th gii, vi c tnh khong 40.000 tn c tiu th mi nm.
Aspirin cng c tc dng khng tiu cu, s dng lu di, liu thp, gip
ngn nga cn au tim,t qu , v cc mu ng ngi c nguy c cao
pht trin mu cc mu ng
Tc dng ph ca aspirin ung lot ng tiu ha, chy mu d dy, v
tai, c bit l liu cao

Bi 2:
TNG HP ACID SUNFANILIC
(P-AMINOBENZENSUNFONI ACID)
1. MC CH

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Phn ng Sulfo ha l phn ng th nguyn t hydro ca hp cht

hu

bng

nhm

sulfo (- SO3H). y l phn ng thun nghch, nng cao hiu sut ngi
ta thng dng d tc nhn sunfo ha.
Tc nhn sulfo ha l acid sulfuric m c, hn hp acid sulfuric vi
SO3 cc nng khc nhau.
Mc ch ca phn ng nhm iu ch cc acid hu c: acid
sunfanilic, acid benzensunfonic
2. PHN NG
2.1. Phng trnh phn ng
Phn ng chnh:
NH2

NH3HSO4
+

NH2
0

180-190 C

H2SO4

Anilin Sunphat

H2O

SO3H
Acid Sunfanilic

Phn ng ph:

NH2

NH2
SO3H
+

H2SO4
Acid Orthonilic

2.2. Dng c v ha cht

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Ha cht
1. Anilin 9ml

Dng c
1. Bnh cu 2 c 250ml

2. H2SO4 c 18ml

2. Nhi t k 3000C

01

3. NaOH 2N, 5ml

3. ng ong 50ml

01

4. Than hot tnh 1g 4. Sinh hn cu

S lng
01

01

5. Phu lc

01

6. Becher 500ml

01

7. Becher 100ml

01

8. Thit b lc p sut

01

9. Thau nha (ni)

01

10. Bp in

01

2.3. S th nghi m

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

2.4. Tin hnh th nghim

Cho 9ml Anilin vo bnh cu 2 c. Thm t t mi ln 2 3ml H 2SO4
m c vo bnh cu t trong thau nc lnh (tin hnh trong t ht). Lc
u hn hp sau mi ln thm. Sau khi b ht 18ml H2SO4 m c vo bnh
cu, ta lp ng sinh hn cu v nhit k nh hnh v.
un hn hp nhit 1800C 1900C trong khong 2g30 pht. Th
phn ng kt thc bng cch ly 1 2 git hn hp ha tan trong 3 4 ml
GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

dung dch NaOH 2N. Nu dung dch c tip tc un, nu dung dch trong
th ngng un v hn hp ngui xung 70 900C.
hn hp sau phn ng vo cc 500ml c cha sn khong 100g
nc ri khuy u ti khi acid sunfanilic kt tinh.
em hn hp kt tinh lc bng phu lc vi p sut thp. Ra sn
phm th trn phu lc bng nc lnh 3 ln mi ln 5ml. Ht kh ro.
Ly sn phm th cho vo cc thy tinh 500ml cha 200ml nc si.
Nu dung dch c mu, ngui mt cht ri cho vo 1g than hot tnh, un
si trong 2- 3 pht.
Lc nng vi giy lc xp mi. Nc qua lc c lm lnh, acid
sunfanilic s kt tinh. Lc ly sn phm trn phu lc vi p sut thp, ra
tinh th vi 10ml nc lnh v ht kh.
Cn v tnh hiu sut.
3.Ha cht s dng
Anilin( phenyl amin)
a) Tnh cht vt l:
L cht lng snh nh du, nhit si 184,40C, d= 1,022g/ml, t tan trong
nc, tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c.
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
Tnh oxi ha
Anilin oxi ho chm trong trong khng kh, to nhng vt mu nu.
Tnh baz
Anilin l mt baz yu. Cc amin thm nh anilin c tnh baz yu hn
nhiu aliphatic amin. Anilin phn ng vi axit mnh to thnh ion
anilium (hay phenyl acmonium) C6,H5-NH3+. D anilin l baz yu, n

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

to kt ta vi mui km, nhm v st. Tuy nhin tnh baz ca n

yu hn amoniac, dung dch ca n khng lm i mu qu tm.
c) iu ch:
Anilin thng c iu ch trong ccng nghip qua hai bc t benzen.
u tin, benzen c nitrat ho bi hn hp m c axit nitric v axit
sunfuric 50-60 C, to ra nitrobenzen. bc th hai, nitrobenzen c
hiro ho 600 C vi s c mt ca xc tc niken cho anilin. Anilin cng
c iu ch t phenol v acmoniac, phenol c thu t cumen.
d) ng dng:
Sn xut phm nhum( phm en anilin).
iu ch thuc cha bnh.
e) Cc thng tin an ton:
Trnh tip xc vi da(C th gy t vong nu ht vo, nut hoc hp
th qua da ).
S dng vi h thng thng gi y .
Ra sch hon ton sau khi s dng.
D chy to ra khi.
4.KT LUN
Thu c 2,6g sn phm l acid sunfanilic (4-aminobenzene sunfonic
acid).
5.NG DNG CA SN PHM
Nghnh cng nghip sn xut thuc nhum.

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Thuc sulpha.
Bi 3:
TNG HP P-TOLUEN SUNFONAT NATRI
1. MC CH
Phn ng Sulfo ha l phn ng th nguyn t hydro ca hp cht
hu

bng

nhm

sulfo (- SO3H). y l phn ng thun nghch, nng cao hiu sut ngi
ta thng dng d tc nhn sunfo ha.
Tc nhn sulfo ha l acid sulfuric m c, hn hp acid sulfuric vi
SO3 cc nng khc nhau.
Mc ch ca phn ng nhm iu ch acid sunfanilic, sau chuyn
thnh mui sunfonat natri
2. PHN NG
2.1. Phng trnh phn ng
Phn ng chnh:
CH3

CH3
+

H2SO4

H2O

SO3H

CH3

CH3
+

SO3H

NaCl

SO3Na

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

HCl

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Phn ng ph:
CH3

CH3
SO3H
+ H2SO4

CH3

H 2O

H2 O

CH3
SO3H
+ H2SO4

SO3H

SO3H

2.2. Dng c v ha cht

Ha cht

Dng c

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

S lng

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

5. Toluen 16ml

1. Bnh cu 2 c 250ml

01

6. H2SO4 c 10ml

2. Nhi t k 1000C

01

7. Na 2CO3 8g

3. ng ong 50ml

01

8. NaCl 20g

4. Sinh hn cu

01

9. Than hot tnh 1g 5. Phu lc

01

6. Becher 250ml

01

7. Thit b lc p sut

01

8. Thau nha (ni)

01

9. Bp in

01

2.3. S quy trnh tin hnh th nghi m

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
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2.4. Tin hnh th nghim

Cho vo bnh cu hai c 16ml toluen v 10ml H 2SO4 c (tin hnh
trong t ht), thm vi mnh s vo bnh phn ng. Lp h thng sinh hn.
un hon lu hn hp.
Tip tc un nh trong 1gi. Khi lp toluen bin mt, ngng un v
rt hn hp phn ng cn nng vo cc 250ml c cha 50ml H 2O, trng
bnh cu vi mt t nc nng (2-3ml H2O nng).
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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
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Thm t t lng nh 8g Na 2CO3. Sau khi cho ht Na2CO3, un si

hn hp, thm 20 g NaCl v khuy tan. Nu dung dch cn c, thm mt
lng nh H2O (2-3ml) ha tan ht mui.
Lm lnh bng nc , lc bng phu ht di p sut thp. Ra sn
phm vi 5ml dung dch NaCl bo ha lnh.
Nu sn phm khng trng, tinh ch bng cch ha tan sn phm th
trong 50ml H2O, un si, thm t t NaCl n khi khng tan na. ngui,
thm 0,5g than hot tnh khuy u, lc nng, hng dung dch qua lc trong
cc 250ml.
Lm lnh bng nc v em lc trn phu lc p sut thp. Ra
vi 5ml dung dch NaCl bo ha. p kh, sy sn phm. Cn v tnh hiu
sut.
3 . Ha cht s dng
Toluen(metylbenzen):
a) Tnh cht vt l:
L mt cht lng trong sut, khng ha tan trong nc. Toluen l mt
hyrocacbon thm c s dng lm dung mi rng ri trong cng nghip.
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
L mt hyrocacbon thm, toluen c kh nng tham gia phn ng th i in
t. Nh c nhm metyl m hot ng ha hc ca toluen trong phn ng
ny ln gp 25 ln so vi benzen.
V vng thm kh bn nn cn p sut cao khi tin hnh phn ng hyro
ha toluen thnh metylcyclohexan.

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

c) iu ch:
C6H6 + Cl2 --> C6H5Cl + HCl
C6H5Cl + CH3Cl + 2Na --> C7H8 + 2NaCl
cch khc l:
C6H6 + CH3Cl/AlCl3-->C7H8 +HCl
T bromobenzene:
C 6 H 5 Br + CH 3 Br + 2Na C 6 H 5 CH 3 + 2NaBr
. T axit toluic ( decarboxylation )
Khi mui natri ca axit toluic ( o- , m- , p- ) c un nng vi nc
ngt vi , toluene thu c.
C 6 H 4 CH 3 COONa (natri toluate) + NaOH C 6 H 5 CH 3 (toluene)
+ Na 2 CO 3
. T cresol
Khi cresol (o-, m, p) c chng ct vi bi km, toluene thu c.
C 6 H 4 CH 3 OH (cresol) + Zn C 6 H 5 CH 3 + ZnO (toluene)
d) ng dng:

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Toluen ch yu c dng lm dung mi ha tan nhiu loi vt liu

nh sn, cc loi nha to mng cho sn, mc in, cht ha hc, cao
su, mc in, cht kt dnh,...
Trong ngnh ha sinh, ngi ta dng toluen tch hemoglobin t t
bo hng cu. Toluen ni ting cn v t n c th iu ch TNT:
C7H8 + 3HNO3 -> C7H5(NO2)3 + 3H2O
Thnh phn ca hn hp nhin liu my bay
e) Thng tin an ton:
Rt d chy.
Nu tip xc vi toluen trong thi gian di, c th b
bnh ung th.
Toluene khng nn ht vo do nh hng sc khe
ca mnh.
t c hi hn so vi benzene n l mt dung mi thm
chun b ha cht
4. KT QU V BN LUN TH NGHIM
Sn phm thu c l p-toluen sunfonat natri.
Sn phm c dng bt mu trng, rt ha tan trong nc, khan.
Bn lun:
S mol ca Toluen l:n= 0,15 mol
S mol ca H2SO4 l:n= 0,19 mol
Vy s mol sn phm tnh theo Toluen
Khi lng sn phm theo l thuyt l: m= 0,15*194=29,1g
GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Khi lng thu c thc t:12g

5. NG DNG CA SN PHM TO THNH
ng dng l cht xc tc cho cc phn ng ester ha, xi mng bng chnh
acid.

Bi 4:
PHN NG ACETYL HA AMIN THM
TNG HP ACETANILID
1. MC CH
Phn ng acyl ha amin thm l qu trnh thay th nguyn t hydro
ca nhm OH, -NH2 bng nhm acyl RCOO-. Nu R = CH 3- th ta c phn
ng acetyl.
Cc tc nhn acetyl ha: CH3COCl, (CH3CO)2O, CH3COOH
2. PHN NG
2.1. Phng trnh phn ng
NH2

NHCOCH3
+

Anilin

CH3COOH
acid acetic

Acetanilid

2.2. Dng c v ha cht

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

H 2O

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Ha cht

Dng c

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

S lng

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

10.Anilin 10ml

1. Bnh cu

01

11.CH3COOH c

2 c 250ml

01

2. Nhi t k

01

12.Than hot tnh 1g

3000C

01

13.Zn ht 5 vin

3. ng ong 01

13ml

100ml

01

4. Sinh hn

01

cu

01

5. Phu lc

01

6. Becher

01

500ml
7. Becher
100ml
8. Thit b
lc p sut
9. Thau
nha (ni)
10. Bp
in

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

2.2. S quy trnh tin hnh th nghi m

2.3. Tin hnh th nghim

Cho ln lt 10ml anilin, 13ml acid acetic v 5 vin km ht vo bnh
cu 2 c (tin hnh trong t ht). Lp h thng nh hnh v. un si hn hp
106 1100C trong 2g30 pht. Rt dung dch cn nng vo becher 500ml
c cha sn 200ml nc. Khuy u v lm lnh.

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Lc ly sn phm th trn phu lc ht chn khng v ra vi ln

bng nc lnh (khong 5ml/ ln).
Cho acetanilid th vo becher cha 150ml nc un si v khuy u.
Nu acetanilid khng tan ht ta thm khong 50ml nc un si vo cho n
khi khng cn cht rn hay cht du. Nu dung dch c mu, ngui mt
lt v thm 1g than hot tnh. un si li khong 2 pht v lc bng giy lc
xp mi.
Nc qua lc c lm lnh v khuy u trong thi gian u.
Acetanilid s kt tinh nhit thp. Lc thu sn phm v tnh hiu sut.
Ch : acetanilid l cht rn kt tinh dng vy trng, c tan trong
nc:

00C:

0,53g / 100g H2O; 1000C: 5,00g / 100g H2O.

3. Ha cht s dng
Anilin( phenyl amin)
a) Tnh cht vt l:
L cht lng snh nh du, nhit si 184,40C, d= 1,022g/ml, t tan trong
nc, tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c.
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
Tnh oxi ha
Anilin oxi ho chm trong trong khng kh, to nhng vt mu nu.
Tnh baz
Anilin l mt baz yu. Cc amin thm nh anilin c tnh baz yu hn
nhiu aliphatic amin. Anilin phn ng vi axit mnh to thnh ion
anilium (hay phenyl acmonium) C6,H5-NH3+. D anilin l baz yu, n
to kt ta vi mui km, nhm v st. Tuy nhin tnh baz ca n
yu hn amoniac, dung dch ca n khng lm i mu qu tm.

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

c) iu ch:
Anilin thng c iu ch trong ccng nghip qua hai bc t benzen.
u tin, benzen c nitrat ho bi hn hp m c axit nitric v axit
sunfuric 50-60 C, to ra nitrobenzen. bc th hai, nitrobenzen c
hiro ho 600 C vi s c mt ca xc tc niken cho anilin. Anilin cng
c iu ch t phenol v acmoniac, phenol c thu t cumen.
d) ng dng:
Sn xut phm nhum( phm en anilin).
iu ch thuc cha bnh.
e) Cc thng tin an ton:
Trnh tip xc vi da(C th gy t vong nu ht vo, nut hoc hp
th qua da ).
S dng vi h thng thng gi y .
Ra sch hon ton sau khi s dng.
D chy to ra khi.
Acid acetic( Etanoic)
a) Tnh cht vt l:

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Acid axetic l cht lng, khng mu, c v chua, tan v hn trong nc.
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
Acid acetic c cc tnh cht ha hc ca mt acid.
Axit axetic l mt axit yu, thuc nhm axit monoprotic. Nhng tnh acid
ca n mnh hn acid cacbonic.
Acid acetic tc dng vi ru etylic to ra etyl acetat ( phn ng este ha).
c) iu ch:
Trong cng nghip: Oxi ha butan

Trong phng th nghim:

d) ng dng:
Nguyn liu trong cng nghip ( cht do, t nhn to, dc
phm, thuc dit cn trng, phm nhum).
Pha ch gim n.
b) Thng tin an ton:
Trnh tip xc vi nhit, tia la, ngn la, v cc vt liu khng
tng thch.
Acid acetic c tnh n mn cc kim loi nh st.
Gy kch ng v bng nng. Trnh ht hi hay bi.
GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Trnh tip xc vi mt, da v qun o.

4. KT QU
Ta thu c 4,244g sn phm l Acetanilid

Acetanilide

IUPAC tn[hide]
N-phenylacetamide
N-phenylethanamide

14.NG DNG CA SN PHM

Acetanilid c s dng nh l mt cht c ch trong hydrogen
peroxide v c s dng n nh cellulose ester vecni . N cng
GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

c tm thy s dng trong cc trung gian trong my gia tc cao

su tng hp, thuc nhum v thuc nhum tng hp trung gian,
v long no tng hp.
Acetanilid c s dng cho vic sn xut clorua 4acetamidobenzensunfonyl, mt trung gian quan trng sn xut cc
loi thuc sulfa.
N cng l mt tin cht trong qu trnh tng hp khng sinh
penicillin v dc phm khc.
Trong th k 19 acetanilide l mt trong mt s lng ln cc hp
cht c s dng nh l th nghim cc nh pht trin nhip nh .

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Bi 5:
TNG HP ETYL ACETAT
1. MC CH
Phn ng gia acid v ru khng c cht xc tc l phn ng thun
nghch v rt chm. Cn bng t c sau nhiu ngy. Nu thm vo
khong 3% acid H2SO4 c th cn bng c th t c sau vi gi.
Ester c iu ch khi cho acid, nitril, clorua acid, anhydric acid
tc dng vi ru hoc phenol.
Ester l dung mi hu c c s dng rng ri trong m phm,
dc, cng nh cc ngnh cng nghip khc. Do , mc ch th nghim
nhm gip sinh vin lm quen vi phn ng ester ha thng qua vic iu
ch etyl acetate.
2. PHN NG
2.1. Phng trnh phn ng

CH3COOH + C2H5OH

H2SO4

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

2.2. Dng c v ha cht

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Ha cht
15.CH3COOH c

Dng c
1. Bnh cu 2 c

S lng
01

250ml

01

16.Etanol 40ml

2. Nhi t k 1000C

01

17.H2SO4 c 4ml

3. ng ong 100ml

01

18.S a 10% 20ml

4. Sinh hn cu

01

19.Na2SO4 khan

5. Phu chit 250ml

03

7. Becher 100ml

01

30ml

8. Bp in

2.3. S quy trnh th nghi m

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

2.4. Tin hnh th nghim

Cho vo bnh cu hn hp acid acetic v etanol vi lng th nghim.
Va thm va lc u 4ml H2SO4 c. Lp h thng nh hnh v. un si
nh trong 1g30 pht (lp bnh cu cch bp in khong 3cm v b thm vi
ht gm s).
Tho h thng, cho hn hp vo phu chit. Cho t t 20ml dung dch
Na2CO3 20%. yn n khi ht si bt kh, hn hp lc ny tch thnh hai
pha. Chit ly lp ester pha trn. sn phm trong mt becher
100ml, lm khan vi Na2SO4 khan. Lc qua giy lc, thu sn phm v tnh
hiu sut.
3. Ha cht s dng
3.1Acetic acid (Etanoic):
a) Tnh cht vt l:

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

L cht lng, mi gt, v chua ca chanh, tan trong nc, ru, ete,
benzen. nhit di 160C, acid acetic vi hm lng nc di 1%
trng ging nh nc , thng gi l acid bng.
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
L mt acid yu, c y tnh cht ca mt acid
c) iu ch:
xy ha axetaldehyt:
2 C4H10 + 5 O2 4 CH3COOH + 2 H2O
2 CH3CHO + O2 2 CH3COOH
xy ha etylen:
Ln men xy ha:
C2H5OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O
b) ng dng:
Trong cng nghip ha cht: Tng hp aceton, axetylxenluloz,
dung mi hu c, dc phm ) cao su, sn, thuc nhum, thc
phm, ty vi.
c) Cc thng tin an ton:
Sn phm bo qun ni kh, thong mt.
Trnh tip xc vi mt, da v qun o.
Trnh ht hi hay bi.

3.2Etanol (ru etylic):

a) Tnh cht vt l:

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

L cht lng, khng mu, trong sut, mi thm d chu, si 78,390C, ha

rn -114,150C, nh hn nc, tan v hn trong nc, ha tan c nhiu
cht nh iot, benzenht m, d chy, khi chy khng c khi v ngn la
c mu xanh da tri.
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
Tnh cht ca mt ru n chc:
Phn ng th vi kim loi kim, kim loi kim th.
V d:

Phn ng este ha, phn ng gia ru v acid vi mi trng l acid

sulfuric c nng to ra este. V d:

Phn ng loi nc nh tch nc trong mt phn t to thnh olefin,

trong mi trng acid sulfuric c 1700C:

c) iu ch:
tanol c sn xut bng c cng nghip ha du, thng qua cng ngh
hyrat ha tylen, v theo phng php sinh hc, bng cch ln men
ng hay ng cc vi men ru.
d) ng dng:
Sn xut gim, etyl amin, etyl ester v cc hp cht khc.
b) Thng tin an ton:

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

L cht d chy, d bt la.

Etanol khng phi l cht c c c tnh cao, nhng c th gy ra t

vong khi nng cn trong mu t ti 0,4%.
Gy kch ng mt trm trng.
Trnh tip xc vi mt, da v qun o.
4. KT QU
Thu c 34ml sn phm l etyl acetate
5. NG DNG CA SN PHM
Ethyl Acetate s dng nh l mt dung mi hoc l thnh phn trong nhiu
quy trnh cng nghip:
Thuc dit cn trng.
Tng hp nhumv mc in.
Hng phm v tinh du.
Bt khi n.
Ha cht ty ra, cht ra sn mng tay, v thinners.
Dung mi ha tch ht c ph th.

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Bi 6:
PHN NG THY PHN DU THC VT
1. MC CH
Du thc vt hay du m l cc glycerit ca cc acid bo no hay
khng no trong mch cha t 8 n 21 nguyn t carbon c cng thc chung
nh sau:
O
CH2

C
R1
O

CH

C
R2
O

CH2

C
R3

Vi R1, R2, R3 l cc gc hydrocarbon ca cc acid bo

Phn ng thy phn du thc vt trong mi trng kim (NaOH) hay
cn gi l phn ng x phng ha l phn ng mt chiu, y l phn ng
ct t lin kt ester. Phn ng to ra x phng (RCOONa) v glycerin
(C3H8O3).

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111
O
CH2

R1COONa

R1
O
CH

CH2
+ 3NaOH

R2COONa

R2
O
CH2

CH

OH

CH2

OH

OH

R3COONa
R3

Phn

ng thy phn du thc vt trong mi trng kim gip sinh vin hiu r
qu trnh iu ch x phng t du thc vt.

2. PHN NG
2.1. Phng trnh phn ng
O
CH2

R1COONa

R1
O
CH

CH2

+ 3NaOH

R2COONa

R2
O
CH2

+ CH

OH

CH2

OH

OH

R3COONa
R3

2.2. Dng c v ha cht

Ha cht
20.Du thc vt 25g

Dng c
1. Becher 500ml

21.Etanol 10ml

2. a khuy thy

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S lng
01
01

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

22.Dung dch NaOH

20% 30ml
23.Dung dch NaCl
bo ha 150ml

tinh

01

3. Ni cch thy

01

4. H thng lc p

01

sut
5. Bp in

2.3. S quy trnh tin hnh th nghi m

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

2.3. Tin hnh th nghim

Cho 25g du da (du thc v t ) vo becher v thm vo cc 10ml
ru etylic. Khuy u v thm vo cc 30ml dung dch NaOH 20%. Tin
hnh un cch thy trong 1g30 pht v lun khuy u hn hp trong qu
trnh th nghim.
Sau khi ngng un, ton b hn hp vo 150ml NaCl bo ha
nng. ngui, lc ly x phng trn phu lc p sut thp. Thu ly sn
phm, p v phi kh. nh gi s b trng thi, mu sc, mi, pH v kh
nng ty ra ca sn phm.
3. Ha cht s dng
NaOH (Natri hidroxit):
a) Tnh cht vt l:
L cht rn c mu trng dng vin, vy hoc ht hoc dng dung dch
bo ha 50%.
GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Entanpi ha tan Ho -44,5kJ/mol

trong dung dch n to thnh dng monohydrat 12,3-61,8 C vi nhit
nng chy 65,1 C v t trng trong dung dch l 1,829 g/cm3
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
Phn ng vi cc axt v xt axt to thnh mui v nc:
NaOH(dd) + HCl(dd) NaCl(dd) + H2O
Phn ng vi cacbon ixt:
2 NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O
Phn ng vi cc axt hu c to thnh mui ca n v thy phn este

Phn ng vi kim loi mnh to thnh baz mi v kim loi mi:

NaOH + K KOH + Na
Phn ng vi mui to thnh baz mi v mui mi:
2 NaOH + CuCl2 2 NaCl + Cu(OH)2
c) iu ch:
Ton b dy chuyn sn xut xt n da (NaOH) l da trn phn ng
in phn nc mui (nc ci). Trong qu trnh ny dung dch mui
(NaCl) c in phn thnh clo nguyn t (trong bung ant), dung
dch natri hyroxit, v hir nguyn t (trong bung catt)[2][3] Nh
my c thit b sn xut ng thi xt v clo thng c gi l

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

nh my xt-clo. Phn ng tng th sn xut xt v clo bng in

phn l:
2 Na+ + 2 H2O + 2 e- H2 + NaOH
Phn ng in phn dung dch mui n trong bnh in phn c mng
ngn:
NaCl + 2 H2O 2 NaOH + H2 + Cl2
d) ng dng:
N c s dng nhiu trong cc ngnh cng nghip nh giy, dt
nhum, x phng v cht ty ra.
Natri hydroxit cng c s dng ch yu trong cc phng th
nghim.
e) Cc thng tin an ton:
Trnh tip xc vi mt (hy hoi thy tinh th hoc gy m).
Trnh ht, nut, ung nhm (gy nh hng h hp, gy hi cho rut).

Trnh tip xc trc tip bng tay ( khi tip xc phi mang gang tay
cao su).

4. KT LUN
Thu c 40,6g sn phm l x phng.
5. NG DNG CA SN PHM
X phng hay x bng l mt cht ty ra cc vt bn, vt du m. Thnh
phn ca x phng l mui natri hoc kali caaxt bo. X phng c
dng di dng bnh, bt hoc cht lng.

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Bi 7:
PHN NG DEHYDRAT HA
TNG HP DIETYL ETER V ETYLEN
1. MC CH
Ty theo nhit , phn ng c th tin hnh dehydrat ha alcol to
ra eter hoc alken. Phn ng thng c tin hnh khi c mt xc tc.
Cc xc tc thng dng l: H2SO4 m c, H3PO4, Al2O3
2. PHN NG
2.1. Phng trnh phn ng
2.1.1. Phng trnh phn ng tng hp dietyl eter
2C2H5OH

H2SO4
0
140 C

C2H5

C2H5 + H2O

2.1.2. Phng trnh phn ng tng hp etylen

C2H5OH

H2SO4
0
170 C

CH2

CH2 +

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

H2O

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

2.2. Dng c v ha cht

2.2.1. Tng hp dietyl eter

Ha cht
24.Etanol 75ml

Dng c
1. Bnh cu 3 c

S lng
01

25.H2SO4 c 25ml

2. Nhit k 2000C

01

26.Al2(SO4)3 khan 5g

3. Phu nh git

01

27.Dung dch CaCl2 4. Sinh hn thng

50% 20ml

01

5. Bp in

01

28.CaCl2 khan

6. Erlen 250ml

01

29.Nc ( cc)

7. ng ong 100ml

01

8. Phu chit 250ml

01

9. ng ni cong

02

2.2.2. Tng hp etylen

Ha cht
1. H2SO4 c

Dng c
S lng
1. ng nghim chu 01

2. Ru etylic 960

nhit

3. Ct

2. Nt cao su c gn 01
ng dn kh

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

01
01

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

3. Kp ng nghim 01
hoc gi st

01

4. n cn

01

5. ng ong 10ml
2.3. Tin hnh th nghim
2.3.1. Tng hp dietyl eter
Ln lt cho vo bnh cu 3 c 25ml etanol, 25ml H 2SO4 m c, 5g
Al2(SO4)3 khan. Lp h
thng nh hnh v, phu nh git cha 50ml etanol. un trn bp
nhit 130-1400C.
Khi eter bt u sinh ra, b sung tng git etanol t phu nh git, tc
b sung bng tc eter sinh ra.
Khi phn ng kt thc, cho eter vo phu chit, ra vi 20ml CaCl 2
50%. Tch ly lp eter.
2.3.2. Tng hp etylen
Dng pipet pasteur cho vo ng nghim chu nhit 2ml ru etylic,
sau cn thn thm t t 2ml H2SO4 c v vi ht ct. Lc nh ri y
ng nghim bng nt cao su c ng dn kh, kp nghing ng nghim trn
gi v un cn thn trn n cn. t kh etylen sinh ra u ng dn kh.

Diethyl ether

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Lp 10TP111

Diethyl

ether, cn

gi

l te

ethyl,

ether n

gin,

hoc ethoxyethane, l mt hp cht hu c vi cng thc (C 2 H 5)

2

O. N l mt, khng mu, rt d bay hi ,d chy vi mt mi c

trng. N thng c s dng nh mt dung mi v tng c

s dng nh mt thuc gy m
N c bit quan trng nh l mt dung mi trong sn xut nha
cellulose v cng c s dng nh mt thnh phn ca hn hp
nhin liu
iu ch:CH3CH2OH
BI 8:
TNG HP METYL SALICYLAT
1. MC CH
y l phn ng to ester t acid carboxylic v alcol. Phn ng c
xc tc bi acid.
Ester thng c mi tri cy hoc mi thm. Metyl salicylat
(Wintergreen) c s dng trong y t, nc gii kht (mi thm x x).
2. PHN NG
2.1. Phng trnh phn ng

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111
O

C OH
+ CH3OH
OH
Salicylic acid

C OCH3

H2SO4

+ H2O
OH
Methyl salicylate

Methanol

2.2. Dng c v ha cht

Ha cht
30.Salicylic acid 0,050mol

Dng c
1. Bnh cu 01 c

S lng
01

31.Acid H2SO4 m c 8ml

250ml

01

32.Ru metylic 30ml

2. H thng sinh hn

01

33.Dung dch NaHCO3 5%

3. Thau nha (ni)

01

4. Bp in

01

34. bt

5. Phu chit 500 ml

01

35.CaCl2 khan

6. Erlen 250ml

01

50ml

7. Becher 500ml
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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

2.3. Tin hnh th nghim

Lp h thng sinh hn nh hnh v. Cho 0,050 mol acid salicylic v
30 ml ru metylic vo bnh cu mt c.
Cho cn thn 8,0 ml acid H2SO4 m c vo bnh cu. Va thm va
lc nh hn hp
Ch : Thm ha cht c tin hnh trong t ht
B vi vin bt vo bnh cu trc khi tin hnh phn ng. Tin
hnh thc hin phn ng trong 2 gi nhit 80 0C. Lm lnh hn hp
phn ng bng khn lnh hoc chu nc (khng b bnh phn ng vo
chu nc sau khi tho h thng m phi mt lc cho ngui). Rt ton
b hn hp vo becher 500 ml c sn 100 ml nc lnh.
hn hp vo phu chit 500 ml. Cho 50 ml dung dch Na2CO3 5%.
i cho hn hp tch thnh 2 lp (c th lc nh hn hp). Chit ly lp
ester. C th ra sch ester bng 30 ml nc nh miu t trn. Rt lp
ester vo erlen 250 ml. Lm khan bng CaCl 2. Khn ly ester, cn v tnh
hiu sut.
3.Ha cht s dng
Salicylic acid
a) Tnh cht vt l:
Dng yinh th mu trng, hi c mi hng.
b) Tnh cht ha hc:
Salicylic acid c cng thc C6H 4(OH)COOH, ni m cc nhm OH
l ortho nhm cacboxyl. N l km ha tan trong nc (0,2 g/100 ml H 2 O
20 C).
c) iu ch:

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Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

Axit Salicylic c biosynthesized t cc axit

amin phenylalanine . Trong cy Arabidopsis thaliana, n cng c th c
tng hp thng qua mt con ng c lp phenylalanine.
Sodium salicylate thng mi c chun b bng cch x l phenolate
natri (mui natri ca phenol ) vi lng kh carbon dioxide p sut cao
(100 atm) v nhit cao (390K)-mt phng php c gi l phn ng
Kolbe-Schmitt . S axit ho ca cc sn phm vi axit sulfuric axit salicylic:

N cng c th c chun b bng cch thy

phn ca aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) [ 6 ] hoc methyl salicylate (du m
ca Wintergreen) vi mt axit mnh hoc c s.

d) ng dng:
Salicylic acid c s dng trong m phm, dc phm, thuc
nhum, thuc tr su v cc hp cht ha hc khc.
N c s dng trong sn xut polymer tinh th lng.
e) Thng tin an ton:
Trnh tip xc vi mt, da v qun o.
Trnh ung v ht phi.
Trnh xa ra khi ngun bt la, trnh nh sng mt tri trc tip.

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH

Bo Co T 5Nhm 3
Lp 10TP111

ni kh ro, thong mt, thng thong, cch xa cht khng

tuong thch.
4 .KT QU
Thu c 3,5ml sn phm l methyl salicylat (du nng).
Methyl salicylate c tc dng gy xung huyt da, thng c phi hp
vi cc loi tinh du khc
dng lm thuc bi ngoi, thuc xoa bp, bng dnh iu tr au.
5. NG DNG CA SN PHM
Methyl salicylat c s dng nh l hng liu cho thc phm,
bnh ko, ung, m phm v dc phm.
Trong sn xut dc phm, methyl salicylat c dng nh mt cht
khng vim, gim au, s dng trong du thoa, thuc m

GVHD:PHAN KIM ANH