Mng thng tin

quang
Trng Diu Linh
B mn TTM- Vin CNTT &TT
linhtd@soict.hut.edu.vn

Mc ch mn hc
n Gii

thiu v cng ngh mng cp quang

n Gii thiu v cc m hnh mng cp
quang
n Gii thiu v cc vn trong thit k
mng cp quang

Ni dung
n Gii

thiu v mng cp quang

n Cc kin trc mng s dng cp quang
n Cc thnh phn ca mng WDM
n Thit k mng cp quang
n D phng v khi phc
n Mng truy nhp

nh gi
n im

qu trnh:30%

Kim

n im
Hc

tra gia k

cui k: 70%

vin lm tiu lun nghin cu v mt vn

v trnh by trc lp

Ti liu tham kho

1) Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan,
Optical Networks: A practical perspective,
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2nd edition, 2002.
C th truy cp online t th vin book24x7 trong
phm vi trng Bch Khoa
2) Wayne D. Grover, Mesh-based Survivable
Networks: Options and Strategies for Optical,
MPLS, SONET and ATM Networking, Prentice
Hall, 2003
3) Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical WDM Networks,
Springer, 2006

Chng 1: Gii thiu v mng thng tin quang

Ni dung

Kin trc mng truyn thng

Cng ngh chuyn mch knh, gi
Mng cp quang
Cp quang
Cc k thut dn knh dng trong mng
cp quang
Cc th h mng cp quang
Hin trng s dng mng cp quang trn
th gii
Cc thit b trong mng cp quang

Kin trc mng truyn thng

Central office = Point of Presence (PoP)

Xy dng cc kt ni longhaul rt t
v vy kt ni ny thng c xy
dng vi dung lng di d

Mng thng tin quang

n S

dng nh sng truyn tn hiu trn ng

truyn
Dng

n u

cp quang dn nh sng

im

Bng

thng rng
Truyn c xa vi suy hao thp
n Nhc

im

l phc tp v cha c b nh quang hc (b nh

hin ti lu tn hiu dng in)

n ng

dng cho cc mng trc

Mng thng tin quang

User
Local
Network

User

User

User

Freq.
Convert

Local
Traffic
Blocking
Filter

User

Opt
ic
Am al
p

User
Optical
Router/
switch

User

User
User

Lch s mng thng tin quang

n
n
n

1958: Laser discovered

Mid-60s: Guided wave optics demonstrated
1970: Production of low-loss fibers
Made

long-distance optical transmission possible!

1970: invention of semiconductor laser diode

Made

optical transceivers highly refined!

70s-80s: Use of fiber in telephony: SONET

n Mid-80s: LANs/MANs: broadcast-and-select
architectures
n 1988: First trans-atlantic optical fiber laid
n Late-80s: EDFA (optical amplifier) developed
n

Greatly

n
n

alleviated distance limitations!

Mid/late-90s: DWDM systems explode

Late-90s: Intelligent Optical networks

H thng truyn dn thng tin quang

Cp quang
n
n

Truyn tn hiu nh sng trong

cp
nh sng

mang tnh cht sng: phn xa,

tn za, nhiu, phn cc, suy
yu, mt mt
Gm nhiu bc sng
Truyn i theo hng thng

Cc ch truyn

Truyn nh sng trong cp quang

Single-mode vs. Multi-mode

n

Multi-mode (c)
Truyn

nhiu tia sng

Li ln, ngun sang r
Nhiu gia cc ch truyn
Sinh li tn hiu sau mi 10km
Tc 32-140 Mbps
n

Single-mode (mi)
Truyn

mt tia sng
Li nh, ngun sng t tin
Loi b nhiu
Sinh li tn hiu sau mi 40km
Tc vi trm Mbps

S pht trin ca h thng cp

truyn

Cng ngh dn knh trn cp

n

TDM: Electronic Time Division Mux

a xen k cc bit ca cc lung
tc thp vo mt lung tc
cao
10 Gbps-40Gbps
SONET/SDH

OTDM: Optical Time Division Mux

Cng nguyn tc vi TDM nhng
thc hin xen k bit trong min
quang hc
250 Gbps
ang trong th nghim

WDM: Wavelength Division Mux

Truyn nhiu bc sng trn mt

cable
n
n

Simple WDM: t bc sng vi

mt tha
Dense WDM (DWDM) nhiu bc
sng vi mt dy

S dng rng ri trong mng trc,

i cp di bin v dn a vo
trong mang th

Mng cp quang th h 1
n Tn

hiu s dng trn ng truyn l tn hiu

quang hc
T

l li thp
Dung lng ln
n Chuyn

mch v cc chc nng mng thng

minh c x l trn min tn hiu in
Tn

hiu c chuyn sang dng in trc khi c

x l

n Thng

dng cng ngh dn knh TDM

n S dng rng ri trong cc mng vin thng
n VD: SONET/SDH

Mng cp quang th h 2
n nh

tuyn, chuyn mch v cc chc nng

mng thng minh c thc hin trong min tn
hiu quang
n Thng dng cng ngh dn knh WDM
n Tn hiu thng mt bc sng t u n
cui
cn

c mt bc sng ri dc theo ng truyn

iu kin lin tc v bc sng

c a vo s dng v thng c gi
l Wavelength routed network hay All optical
network

S pht trin ca mng quang th h 2

Point-to-Point WDM
Line System

Multipoint Network
WDM Add/Drop

Optical Cross-Connect
WDM Networking

1

2

1

2



WDM
ADM

WDM
ADM

k
OXC

V d mng WDM

Cc thnh phn ca mng thun

ty quang

Optical Line Terminal (OLT)

n
n

Optical Line Amplifier

n

Khuych i

Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM)

n

Chuyn i d liu u cui sang dng quang

Dn knh

Ghp thm hoc r nhnh mt phn bng thng

Optical Cross-connect (OXC)

n

Chuyn mch quang hc

OXC thun quang

Chuyn mch knh, gi

Chuyn mch knh

Knh: ng i t ngun n ch

D liu c truyn trn mt knh c nh

m bo bng thng khng i cho mi kt ni

Bng thng tng ca cc kt ni <= bng thng mi

link
Khng hiu qu i vi lung d liu khng n nh

Chuyn mch gi
l
l
l
l

D liu c chia thnh cc gi

Cc gi c chuyn mch theo a ch ch
Dn knh cc gi trn cng mt link
Bng thng tng ca cc kt ni >= bng thng mi
link

Cng ngh chuyn mch

n Chuyn

mch knh

Thng thng cc mng cp quang dng

cng ngh chuyn mch knh
nh tuyn cn c xc nh trc cho
tng
S dng trong SONET/SDH, WDM
n Chuyn

mch gi OPS
n Chuyn mch Burst OBS

Chuyn mch
n Chuyn

mch quangOptical switch

Thc

hin chuyn
mch trong min
quang hc

n Chuyn

mch in Electronic switch

Thc

hin chuyn
mch trong min in

Cng ngh chuyn mch quang

Cng ngh chuyn mch in

n C

hn cng ngh chuyn mch quang

n Vn ang c s dng rng ri hin nay
n Hot ng
Chuyn
n

Chim phn ln gi thnh ca switch

Thc
n

hin chuyn mch d liu trong min in

Chuyn mch vi cc dng d liu tc thp:

i tn hiu quang in

D liu c chuyn thnh cc dng bit tc 51 Mbps

(STS-1) v chuyn mch cc dng bit ny mt cch song song

Chuyn mch vi tc ng truyn 2,5 Gbps hoc hn.

Thit b chuyn i bc sng

n

Chuyn d liu t mt bc sng u vo thnh mt

bc sng u ra
Gii

phng rng buc lin tc v bc sng

Tng kh nng tn dng cc bc sng ri
n

Chuyn i Optoelectronic
Chuyn

tn hiu sang dng in

Sinh li tn hiu v truyn trn mt bc sng khc
n
n
n

1R: khuych i, khng iu ch li

2R: khuych i, khi phc li dng xung tn hiu
3R: khuych i, khi phc li dng xung v rng xung

Thng

dng hin nay

Chuyn i trong min quang

Optical

gating, interferometric, wave mixing

Cha pht trin

Thit b chuyn i bc sng

Chng 2: Cc kin trc mng s dng cp

quang

Cc kin trc mng dng cp quang

n

Cc mng dng cng ngh chuyn mch

knh cho tng quang

Optical Bust Switching

Mng SONET/ SDH

Mng ATM
Mng WDM
n v d liu l cc bust

Optical Packet Switching

n v d liu l cc gi tin

Mng SONET/SDH
n

SONET (Synchronous Optical Network)

SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)

n
n
n
n

a ra bi ETSI, t chc chun Telecom chu u

dng chu u, Nht, Vit Nam

S dng cp quang trn cc kt ni

Hot ng theo c ch chuyn mch knh
Dng cng ngh TDM
S dng c ch dn knh ng b ti cc nt

a ra bi Telcordia, USA
dng Bc M

ng h c ng b trn ton h thng

D trch mt knh c dn trong knh ln

nh ngha khun dng frame d liu c dn knh

Chun SONET/SDH c pht trin kt hp vi mt s topo v phng
php d phng ring

Kh nng khi phc sau li nhanh < 60ms

Mng SONET/SDH
n

STS-1 dng cc Virtual

Tributaries (VT) truyn
cc tc nh hn
VT1.5,

2, 3, 6 (tc 1.5, 2,
3 , 6 Mpbs)
VT1.5 cha tn hiu khng
ng b DS1
n

STS-x dng ng gi
cc tn hiu DS-x
VT1.5

cha tn hiu khng

ng b DS1

STM c dng cho cc

tn hiu E1, E3, E4
Virtual

Container (VC)
tng t VT
DS-x

E-x

Mng SONET/SDH

Mng SONET/SDH

Cc thnh phn v topo mng SONET

Cc thnh phn v topo mng SONET

n Topo
Ring,

Point-to-point, linear ADM

Mesh

n ADM:

Add/drop mux

Ghp,

n DCS:

tch cc lung d liu nh vo ng truyn

Digital Cross-connect

Chuyn

mch in
iu khin bng phn mm
Cho php gp (grooming) hoc tch cc lung d liu
nh n mc DS-x
Chuyn mch cc lung ny gia cc cng

Mng SONET hnh vng:

Unidirectional Path Switched Ring
A-B B-A
Bridge

Failure-free State

Path Selection
W
B
Bridge

fiber 1
P

A-B
C

A
B-A
Path
Selection

fiber 2
D

Mng SONET hnh vng:

Bidirectional Line Switched Ring

Working

Protection

2-Fiber BLSR

AC
C A

AC
C A

Mng ATM
n ATM

(asynchronous transfer mode)

n Truyn cc n v d liu t bo (cell)
53

bytes
Khng ng b
C th dng h tng l mng SONET/SDH
kt ni cc node ATM vi nhau trn giao din
UNI
Cc cell ATM c ng vo trong cc frame
SONET/SDH

Mng ATM

Mng WDM

Wavelength routed network

Mt bc sng l n v bng thng nh
nht
Chuyn mch bc sng

Wavelength continuity
Rng buc s lin tc v bc sng dc
theo mi kt ni

Wavelength conversion
Chuyn i bc sng gii phng
rng buc ti mt s im

Trin khai IP trn nn WDM

IP
Optical
(WDM)

(d)

IP/ATM/SONET/DWDM

IP/SONET/WDM

Cc kiu kin trc

IP/WDM vs. IP/OTN

IP/OTN (m hnh a, b, c)

IP (hoc ATM, SONET/SDH) ng vai tr l mng truy cp ca

mng OTN

Mng li OTN c th cu hnh c nh cc chuyn mch quang

Optical Cross-connect (OXC).

Chc nng chuyn mch, d phng, thit lp kt ni c thc

hin bi OXC ca tng quang

IP/WDM (m hnh d)

Router IP kt ni vi nhau trc tip bng ng cp quang

D liu IP c truyn thc s trc tip trn cc bc sng m

khng ng gi trong mt khun dng khc.

Tng quang ch bao gm cc phn t th ng khng cu

hnh li c: cp quang, MUX, OADM, khuych i

Chc nng chuyn mch, d phng, thit lp kt ni c thc

hin nh IP hoc giao thc b tr nh MPLS

IP/WDM: u nhc im
u
p ng c nhu cu bng thng
ngy cng cao ca tng IP nht l t
cc ng dng Hight Definition TV
IP-routers c cc giao din quang
OC-48c/OC-192c c th tp hp d
liu c hng trm Gbps truyn trn
cp quang
iu khin vic thit lp kt ni t u
n cui s dng ch thc hin tng
IP tp trung, hiu qu

Nhc
l

Cng ngh to cc cng router IP

c dung lng ngy cng ln c
nhiu terabit s c nh hng n
hiu sut, tnh an ton v tc
ph hi ???

IP-over-OTN: Pros and Cons

u
Kh nng cu hnh c ca mng
li OTN em li tnh mm do
Li OTN c th phc v nhiu mng
khc nhau ATM, Frame Relay,
SONET/SDH.

Nhc
l

Cc tng gia IP v WDM to ra

overhead d liu v iu khin.
Vn iu khin lung d liu c
thc hin c 2 min
l (i) Mng IP nh tuyn d liu gia
cc IP router (c ni logic vi
nhau thng qua cc OXC)
l (ii) Mng quang to lp cc
lightpaths gia cc router IP
l D liu khng c nh tuyn
hiu qu ton cc

Optical Burst Switching

Mng quang chuyn mch burst

K thut cho php chuyn mch vi n
v nh hn mt bc sng
K thut dung ha gia OPS v cc k
thut chuyn mch knh quang
Mt tp cc gi c kt hp ti bin
mng to thnh burst
Mi burst c phn iu khin v phn d
liu

Optical Burst Switching

Phn iu khin c truyn trn 1 knh quang
ring v c x l trong min in ti mi
router OBS
Phn d liu c truyn trn mt knh quang
khc lun trong min quang t u n cui
OBS s dng bng thng hiu qu hn cc
cng ngh chuyn mch knh quang
OBS i hi chuyn mch tc cao hn
Vn nghin cu:
thit lp knh d liu cho burst,
x l phn iu khin trc khi d liu
n

Optical Packet Switching

Mng quang chuyn mch gi quang

D liu c chia thnh cc gi nh
Mi gi c nh tuyn c lp ti cc
nt
Khng thc t
Tc x l gi ti cc nt phi rt
nhanh
Cn chuyn i OEO x l phn iu
khin ti cc nt hiu qu thp khi
packet rt nh so vi burst

Cc tiu lun

Ch 1: Tm hiu cc gii php d phng mng

Ch 2: Tm hiu v Optical Burst Switching
Ch 3: Tm hiu v Optical Packet Switching
Ch 4: Tm hiu v mng truy nhp s dng
cp quang (FTTx)

Ch 5: Tm hiu ng dng MatPlan (dng

cho Matlab) thit k mng cp quang

Chng 4: Thit k mng cp quang

Thit k mng WDM

n WDM

hot ng theo c ch chuyn mch

knh
n ng i ca d liu t u n cui phi
c xc nh trc khi truyn
n Cc vn thit k
Thit

k vt l: thit k ng i cp, im t
nt mng
Thit k logic: xc nh cc lightpath cn c
nh tuyn v gn bc sng
S dng cc b chuyn i bc sng

Thit k mng WDM-V d

Cho trc topo
n Cho trc yu cu
thng lng
n

WA-CO:

x1 Gbps
WA-CA1: x2 Gbps
WA-CA2: x3 Gbps
WA-TX: x4 Gbps
CA1-GA: y1 Gbps
.
n

nh tuyn cho cc
thng lng ny

NSFNET Traffic Matrix (11:45 PM to midnight, ET, Jan.

12, 1992)

58

Thit k mng WDM V d

WA

MI

NY

NJ

PA
UT
CA1

CO
NE

IL
MD

CA2
GA
TX

Thit k mng cp quang WDM

n
n
n

Thit k tng WDM

Cn c yu cu thng lng ca
tng trn SONET/SDH hoc IP
Cn c vo gii hn s cng
gii hn s lightpath dng ti mi
nt
V d
Cho trc A-B-C ni vi nhau
bng cp quang WDM
A,B,C ni vi cc router
Mi cng router = 10 Gbps = 1
wavelength
Thng lng yu cu:

n
n
n

A-B: 50 Gbps
B-C: 50 Gbps
A-C: 50 Gbps

Thit k ng i cho cc thng

lng ny

Thit k mng cp quang WDM

n

Khng dng OADM

Dng OADM

Thng lng A-C s i trn link AB xung router B (chuyn i

OEO) ri li i t B-C
10 bc sng t router A n
router B
10 bc sng router B n router
C
A, C: 10 cng router
B: 20 cng router
5 chuyn i OEO
5 bc sng t router A-B
5 bc sng t router B-C
5 bc sng i thng t router A
n C khng xung router B
OADM phi dng ti B r
nhnh thng lng xung router B
A, B, C: 10 cng router
Khng c chuyn i OEO

Gi ca thit b OADM vs. cng

router

Thit k mng cp quang WDM

n

Lightpath:
Mt

kt ni bng 1 bc sng
gia 2 im
Lightpath c th tri di qua
nhiu cp nh cc OADM
n

Lightpath Topology
Xc

nh cc lightpath ca
tng WDM tha mn ma
trn thng lng
Logical topo, virtual topo
n

Topo vt l
Topo

ca cc cp

Thit k mng cp quang WDM

n Thit

k vt l

Thit

n Thit

k cc ng i cp, v tr t cc nt

k logic

Cho

trc cc nt truy cp (router), topo ca cp

quang
Cho trc ma trn thng lng yu cu (gia cc
router)
Yu cu
n

Tm cc lightpath cn thit lp ( kt ni cc router), cha

quan tm n ng i c th ca cc lightpath

Lightpath Topology Design (LTD)

nh tuyn cc lightpath ny trn cc cp quang c v

xc nh bc sng cho chng

Routing and Wavelength Assignement (RWA)

Lightpath Topology Design (LTD)

n
n
n
n

Bi ton tng i n gin

Cho trc ma trn thng lng gia cc nt (router)
Cho trc cc router
Yu cu:
Xc
n

nh cc lightpath no cn xy dng gia cc router

Lightpath chnh l cc link o gia cc router l nt ca topo o

nh
n

Phn b thng lng ca mi cp router vo cc lightpath

Rng buc
Cc

x thng lng vo cc lightpaths

thng lng yu cu c tha mn

Mc tiu
Gim

thiu tc nghn ti trn cc lightpath l nh nht

C th c cc mc tiu khc ty bi ton.

Lightpath Topology Design (LTD)

n Bi

ton LTD l bi ton multi-commodity

n Thng c gii bng cch s dng
phng trnh tuyn tnh (LP) m hnh
ha
n S dng cc cng c gii LP gii
n C th dng cc heuristic gii khng ti
u.

RWA
Cho trc cc lightpath v topo cc cp, v tr cc
chuyn mch quang
n Yu cu
n

Xc nh ng i cc lightpath trn topo cc cp

Gn bc sng cho tng lightpath Wavelength

Mc tiu
Dng t bc sng
C th c mc tiu

Routing
Assignment

nht
khc ty bi ton

Rng buc
Hai

lightpath khng th cng dng 1 bc sng trn mt link

Nu khng dng b chuyn i bc sng th mt lightpath phi
dng cng mt bc sng trn tt c cc link dc theo n.
n

Dng hay khng cc b chuyn i bc sng? S

lng bao nhiu?
Thng

b hn ch

RWA
n

gim phc tp nh tuyn v Gn bc

sng thng c gii trong 2 bc ring bit
n nh tuyn
Fixed

path routing, Alternate-path routing, adaptive routing

multicommodity flow formulation, randomized routing

n Gn bc sng
S dng thut ton t mu th, First Fit and Random Fit,
Least Used, Most Used, Min Product, Least Loaded, Max
Sum
n

Gii hai bi ton ng thi s em li kt qu ti u

hn, nhng y l bi ton NP-y nn kh c
th c li gii chnh xc

nh tuyn ng cho mng cp quang

n

Pht biu bi ton

Cho trc mt mng ang c ti
C thm 1 yu cu kt ni mi t s
nh tuyn cho yu cu kt ni ny

Rng buc
Khng

d vi bng thng w

thay i cc kt ni ang tn ti trong mng

C nhiu tiu ch nh tuyn khc nhau

Tit

kim ti nguyn nht

Dnh nhiu kh nng chp nhn cc yu cu khc trong tng
lai nht

n

nh tuyn ng kh phn b ti nguyn ton cc mt

cch ti u nh nh tuyn tnh

Chng 5: D phng v khi phc

D phng v khi phc

Khi nim c bn
n
n
n
n
n

Tnh sn sng
Cc loi li
D phng vs khi phc
D phng dnh ring
D phng chia s

D phng trong SONET/SDH

P-cycle

Khi nim c bn
n

Cc s c trn mng lm gin

on hot ng ca mng
t cp
Hng thit b

Thi gian gin on cng nh

cng tt

Tnh sn sng ca mng cng

cao cng tt

Mean Time to Repare: MTR

Mean Time between Failures:

MTF

Kh nng duy tr dch v khi

xy ra li Survivability

nh hng ca vic gin on

Impact

CallDropping

"Hit"

Trigger
Changeover of
CCS
Links

May Drop Private Line

Disconnect
Voiceband
Calls

2nd
Range

3rd
Range

Packet
(X.25)
Disconnect

4th
Range

1st
AP
Range
0 S 50
200
2
10
msec msec
sec
sec
S c trn mng lm thit hi v tin

Social/
Business
Impacts

5th
Range

5
min

FCC
Reportable

6th
Range

30
min

Yu t th trng ca Survivability
Quan

h vi khch hng
Li th cnh tranh
Li nhun
Bt

li Phi tng chi ph mng c tnh t

phc hi sau li
u im To cc dch v cao cp em li li
nhun ln
n
n
n

Vn

Dch v dnh cho doanh nghip

Dch v cho cc t chc y t
Dch v dnh cho cc t chc chnh ph

hnh phc tp hn

Network Survivability
n

Tnh sn sng
99.999%

(5 con 9) => di 5 pht gin on/nm

Cn c k hoch i ph vi li
Thm

ti nguyn thay th, pht hin li v t ng nh hng

cc lung d liu vng qua li

Khi phc:
Ch b sung bng thng,
Tit kim ti nguyn
Chm

thit b thay th khi s c xy ra

thi gian gin on ln

D phng: fast time-scale:

Chun

b sn ti nguyn d phng thay th ti nguyn chnh

khi xy ra s c
Chuyn lung d liu t ng truyn b li sang ng d
phng khi c s c xy ra
Nhanh: 10s-100s of ms

S c
n Cc

loi s c

c thnh phn: trn link, nt, knh WDM,

phn mm
S c h thng: Thm ha c th hy hoi ton
b trung tm kt ni
n Li

n vs. nhiu li ng thi

4.39

cp t/nm/1000 dm cp
Thng thng gi thit mng ch c li n
n D

phng v khi phc c th thc hin

nhiu mc

Tnh sn sng
Availability l xc sut thit b hot ng bnh
thng

Availability =

Reliability
Reliability + Recovery

nh lng tnh sn sng

99%
99.9%
99.99%
99.999%
99.9999%

2-Nines
3-Nines
4-Nines
5-Nines
6-Nines

5,000 Min/Yr
500 Min/Yr
50 Min/Yr
5 Min/Yr
0.5 Min/Yr

V d mng PSTN

n Mi

thnh phn ca mng c tnh sn sng 99.99%

n One cut off call in 8000 calls (3 min for average
call). Five ineffective calls in every 10,000 calls.
PSTN End-2-End Availability
99.94%

NI
0.005 %
AN

LE

0.01 %

0.005 %

LD : Long Distance
AN : Access Network

AN

Facility
Entrance

NI : Network Interface
LE : Local Exchange

NI

0.005 %

Facility
Entrance

LD

LE

0.005 %

0.02 %

Source : http://www.packetcable.com/downloads/specs/pkt-tr-voipar-v01-001128.pdf

0.01 %

Cc phng php bo v mng

Network Survivability Architectures
Restoration
Self-healing
Network

Protection

Re-Configurable
Network

Mesh Restoration
Architectures

Protection
Switching

Linear Protection
Architectures

Ring Protection
Architectures

Phn loi cc phng php d phng

n Theo

topo

Vng
Tuyn

n Theo
D

tnh: link, on, ng

s dng ti nguyn

phng dnh ring

D phng chia s

Topo d phng - vng

n Cc

nt c ni vi nhau qua cc link

to thnh vng trn
D

liu c truyn theo chiu ngc li khi

c s c
W
D
E

Working

Protect

Topo d phng Tuyn tnh

D phng theo link

D phng theo ng

D phng theo on

D phng dnh ring vs. chia s

n D

phng dnh ring

Mt

ti nguyn d phng ch dng bo v mt

ng truyn chnh

n D

phng chia s

Mt

ti nguyn d phng c th c dng trong

nhiu ng d phng bo v nhiu ng truyn
chnh

n D

phng chia s c tc khi phc chm hn

d phng dnh ring
Mt

thi gian thnh lp ng d phng t cc ti

nguyn d phng khi s c xy ra

D phng dnh ring vs. chia s

Bng thng cn thit cho cc ng bo v trn link chung v3-v4

D phng trong SONET/SDH

D phng 1+1 theo link ca SONET/SDH

D liu c truyn ng thi trn c ng
chnh v ng d phng
Working

TX

RX

BR

SW
Protection
RX

TX

Working
RX

TX

SW

BR
RX

Protection

TX

D phng 1:1 theo link ca SONET/SDH

D liu c trn ng chnh v chuyn sang ng
d phng khi c s c

TX

RX

Bridge

SW
TX

RX

Protection

Working

RX

TX

SW

Brigde
RX

Protection

APS Channel

TX

Automatic Protection Switching ca SONET/SDH

Tc khi phc 60ms
Unidirectional path-switched ring
UPSR
1 cp cho working,
1 cp cho protection

Bidirectional line-switched ring

BLSR 4 cp: 2 cp cho working,
2 cp cho protection
BLSR 2 cp: Bng thng trn mi
cp c chia i, vn chuyn working traffic,
vn chuyn protection trafic

UPSR vs. BLSR

URPS, moi ket noi dung toan bo vong cho trafic theo 2
chieu

BLSR: Moi ket noi dung 1 phan cua 2 vong cho trafic theo
2 chieu
Co the tai nhieu ket noi hon khi cac diem nguon,
dich ke nhau

UPSR

BLSR

P-cycle
Mng mesh khng c
topo hnh vng
n To cc vng trong
mng p-cycle
n S dng c ch bo
v theo topo vng
n Cc link trn p-cycle v
cc on ct p-cycle
c bo v
n

Bi ton nh tuyn c d phng

Tm kim ng i chnh v ng i d phng cho mi
kt ni
n Rng buc
n

ng

i chnh v ng i d phng phi khng b nh hng

ng thi bi mt li n
n
n

Hai ng i khng dng chung 1 cp

Hai ng i khng dng chung mt thit b

Tc

khi phc chp nhn c

ng i d phng khng qu di lm nh hng tr
n

Tiu ch
Tit

kim ti nguyn tng cng

C 2 dng tnh v ng tng ng vi bi ton nh

tuyn thng thng

Bi ton nh tuyn c d phng

n Hng
Tch

tip cn
thnh 2 bc nh tuyn:

n nh

tuyn cho ng chnh trc sau tm

ng d phng

nh

tuyn ng thi cho c ng chnh v

d phng
n Rt

kh trong trng hp nh tuyn ng

Chng 6: Mng truy nhp

Mng truy nhp quang v dch v

Mng truy nhp thu thp d liu t pha

ngi dng v cung cp cho mng li
Cc dch v ph bin t pha ngi
dng
in thoi
Mng tryn hnh cp
Internet trn nn in thoi (xDSL) hoc
cp

Cc loi dch v ca mng truy nhp

Ban u, mng truy cp c pht trin

cung cp dch v VoD, HDTV
Hin nay, mng truy cp cn c kh
nng p ng cc loi dch v sau:

Kin trc ca mng truy nhp

Kin trc mng truy nhp

Hub

NIU: Network Interface Unit

Nm pha nh cung cp
Nm pha ngi s dng
Ni vi 1 ngi dng hoc 1 doanh nghip

Remote Node

Trong mng broadcast, RN phn phi d

liu t Hub n mi NIU
Trong mng switched, RN nhn d liu t
Hub v phn phi cc lung khc nhau n
cc NIU

Phn loi mng truy nhp

Hai loi mng truy cp ph bin:

Mng in thoi
Mng truyn hnh cp

Mng in thoi ni b

S dng cp xon

Mng truyn hnh cp

Dng c cp ng trc v cp quang

Hybrid Fiber Coaxial cable: HFC

HE: headend

Mng truy nhp quang: FTTx

D liu c truyn trn cp quang trong mng phn phi

(distribution network) cho n ONU (Optical Network Unit)
Mong mun: Cp quang n gn thu bao nht

FTTCab(Fiber To The Cabinet):

Cp quang kt thc mt
cabinet, di 1km cui n thu bao dng mng phn
phi

ONU phc
v mt s thu bao (8 to 64); t ONU n NIU dng cp
ng (di 100m)

FTTH(Fiber To The Home); ONUs

FTTC(Fiber To The Curb) / FTTB(Fiber To The Building);

ca NIUs;

thc hin chc nng

Mng truy nhp quang: FTTx

PON: Passive Optical Network: gia CO v ONU

Mng truy cp FTTx

Kin trc PON

Kin trc mng gia CO v ONU
RN: thit b th ng, l mt b chia nhnh hnh sao
hoc b nh tuyn tnh theo bc sng
Tn hiu thng c broadcast gia CO-ONU v
chia s bng thng theo c ch TDM ti ONU

Topo PON

Kin trc AF (all fiber)

Mt cp cp ni CO vi mi ONU
Gi thnh t l vi s ONU v chi ph bo tr
cp
S dng trong phm vi nh nh doanh nghip

Kin trc Telephone PON (TPON)

WPON (WDM PON)

EPON
EPON: PON vn chuyn d liu l cc
frame Ethernet

EPON

EPON