TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG VIT NAM

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

----------------

TM TT
LUN VN THC S K THUT

NGHIN CU CNG NGH GMPLS V NG DNG

TRN MNG VIN THNG CA VTN

Chuyn ngnh: in t Vin thng

M s: 60.52.70

H v tn:KIU TH HNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc:TS HONG VN V

H NI 2009

Lun vn c hon thnh ti :

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. Hong Vn V

Ngi phn bin 1:

Ngi phn bin 2:

Lun vn s c bo v trc hi ng chm lun vn theo quyt nh

s...................................ngy............thng...nm 2009
hp ti:...........................................................................
Vo hi:.....gi........ngy........thng............nm 2009

C th tm hiu lun vn ti:

- Th vin hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng.

MC LC
LI GII THIU ........................................................................................................1
Chng 1 - Tng quan v cng ngh GMPLS .............................................................2
1.1. Gii thiu cng ngh GMPLS..........................................................................2
1.2. S pht trin MPLS hng ti GMPLS ...........................................................2
1.3. Cc giao thc trong GMPLS............................................................................2
Chng 2 - Cng ngh GMPLS...................................................................................3
2.1. Cc c tnh ca GMPLS.................................................................................3
2.2. Bo hiu trong mng GMPLS..........................................................................5
2.3. Giao thc RSVP-TE ng dng v m rng cho mng chuyn mch quang t
ng ASON ............................................................................................................9
2.4. M rng giao thc nh tuyn RSVP-TE cho ASON trong mng GMPLS.....11
2.5. Chc nng GMPLS m rng cho qun l iu khin truyn ti SDH trong mng
NGN.....................................................................................................................11
2.6. Mt s vn tn ti trong mng GMPLS .....................................................12
Chng 3 - Tnh hnh trin khai cng ngh GMPLS ca mt s nc trn th gii....13
Chng 4 - ng dng cng ngh GMPLS cho mng ng trc ca VNPT..............14
4.1. Hin trng mng vin thng ng trc ca VNPT........................................14
4.2. Cc phng n p dng cng ngh GMPLS trn mng ng trc ca VNPT14
4.3. M hnh t chc mng GMPLS trong mng vng ca VNPT ........................16
4.4. M hnh t chc mng GMPLS cho mng tng th (mng ng trc v mng
vng) ca VNPT...................................................................................................19
KT LUN ...............................................................................................................20

LI GII THIU

Ngy nay, mng truyn ti ch yu l cc h thng truyn dn trn si

quang bao gm cc thit b ghp tch lung ADM, thit b ghp bc sng
quang WDM, thit b u cho lung quang OXC... S a dng v phc tp
trong qun l cc phn t mng ti cc phn lp mng khc nhau l nhn t c
bn thc y vic nghin cu ci tin b giao thc MPLS (Multiprotocol Labed
Switching) thnh GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Labed Switching) nhm
mc ch thng nht qun l gia cc thc th mng khng ch phng thc
chuyn mch gi (MPLS thc hin) m cn c trong lnh vc chuyn mch
thi gian, khng gian.
Lun vn ny nghin cu v cng ngh GMPLS v ng dng ca GMPLS
trong mng vin thng ca VNPT, ni dung chia lm 4 chng:
Chng 1. Tng quan v cng ngh GMPLS
Chng 2. Cng ngh GMPLS
Chng 3. Tnh hnh trin khai cng ngh GMPLS ca mt s nc
trn th gii
Chng 4. ng dng cng ngh GMPLS cho mng ng trc ca
VNPT

Chng 1 - Tng quan v cng ngh GMPLS

1.1. Gii thiu cng ngh GMPLS

Cng ngh GMPLS l bc pht trin tip theo ca cng ngh chuyn
mch nhn a giao thc MPLS, thc cht l s m rng chc nng iu khin
ca mng MPLS, n cho php kin to mt phng iu khin qun l thng nht
khng ch lp mng m cn thc hin i vi cc lp ng dng, truyn dn v
lp vt l.
GMPLS m rng chc nng h tr giao thc IP iu khin thit lp
hoc gii phng cc ng chuyn mch nhn LSP cho mng hn hp bao gm
c chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch knh, mng quang.
GMPLS c chc nng t ng qun l ti nguyn mng v cung ng kt
ni truyn ti lu lng khch hng t u cui ti u, ngoi ra n cho php
cc nt mng t ng cung cp cc kt ni theo yu cu.
1.2. S pht trin MPLS hng ti GMPLS
Trong nhng nm gn y, t chc IETF tp trung hng pht trin
cc giao thc MPLS h tr cc phn t mng chuyn mch hot ng bi cc
phng thc khc nhau nh theo thi gian, theo bc sng (DWDM), khng
gian (OXC) thnh cc chun ca giao thc GMPLS.
GMPLS thng nht v giao thc iu khin thc hin thit lp, duy tr
v qun l k thut lu lng theo ng xc nh t im u n im cui
mt cch c hiu qu.
1.3. Cc giao thc trong GMPLS
Bao gm cc giao thc bo hiu (RSVPTE, CR LDP) dng cho qu
trnh thit lp cc LSP mang lu lng; giao thc nh tuyn (OSPFTE, ISIS
TE) xc nh cu hnh tp v ti nguyn kh dng; giao thc qun l ng
LMP (Link-Management Protocol) thc hin qun l v duy tr tnh trng
iu khin cng nh trnh trng truyn ti lu lng gia hai nt k cn trong
mng GMPLS.

Chng 2 - Cng ngh GMPLS

2.1. Cc c tnh ca GMPLS

thc hin c chc nng qun l, gim st ti nguyn ca ton mng
vin thng v iu khin kt ni, cng ngh GMPLS c cc c tnh sau:
+ Tnh chuyn hng a dng:
GMPLS thc hin truyn ti thng tin t u cui ti u cui thng
qua nhiu mng vi cc cng ngh khc nhau, tc x l nhanh, ngi ta chn
thm thng tin trong cc nhn MPLS. nh dng mi ny ca nhn c gi l
nhn tng qut cho php cc thit b thu nhn d liu cc dng ngun khc
nhau. Mt nhn tng qut c th i din cho mt bc sng, si quang n l
hoc mt tim-slot, ngoi ra n cn i din cho d liu ca cc ngun lu lng
khc thc hin vi nhn MPLS nh l VCC trong ATM, phn gn thm
(shim) trong gi tin IP..
Qu trnh thit lp mt LSP trong mng GMPLS cng tng t nh trong
mng MPLS, bn cnh , n cho php thit lp cc LSP lp di bng cch
kch hot yu cu thit lp LSP lp cao hn, iu ny gi l bo hiu phn
cp.
+ Tnh nng chuyn tip a dng:
Cc thit b MPLS c kh nng nhn bit ni dung thng tin chuyn tip
qua, ngha l thng tin cha trong mo u ca t bo tin (cell) hoc gi tin.
ng thi chng cn phi phn tch cc nhn (cc mo u shim) xc nh
ca ra v ca vo cho cc gi tin c gn nhn. Qu trnh trao i nhn l c
lp v mt l gc gia mt phng truyn ti d liu v iu khin.
GMPLS thc hin m rng tnh nng ny cc thit b GMPLS c th
nhn bit mi loi mo u m chng thu c. Trng hp ny GMPLS cho
php mt phng iu khin v truyn ti c th tch ri nhau khng nhng v
mt l gc m cn c th tch ri v vt l.
+ Cu hnh:
Khi mt LSP cn c to lp khi u t phm vi mng truy nhp, n
yu cu thit lp mt vi LSP khc dc theo tuyn t nt u ti nt cui. Cc
LSP trung gian c th c to lp trong qua cc thit b TDM hoc LSC. Cc
thit b ny c th c nhng c im ring khc nhau do vy chc nng
GMPLS cn phi thng nht c cc c tnh khc nhau to lp cc LSP
t u cui ti u cui.

+ Tnh cn i (Scalability):
Chc nng chuyn tip LSP cn k (FALSP): c thc hin trn c s
cc LSP ca mng GMPLS truyn ti cc LSP khc. Mt FA-LSP c thc
hin gia hai nt mng GMPLS c xem nh l mt ng kt ni o c
nhng c tnh k thut lu lng ring bit v c thng bo cho chc nng
OSPF/IS-IS nh mt ng thng ging nh bt k mt ng thng vt l no.
Mt FA-LSP c th c lu vo trong d liu nh tuyn nh tuyn ng.
ng thi, mt FA-LSP c th c nh s hoc khng nh s ty thuc vo
vic xem FA-LSP l mt ng thng bnh thng hay khng.
Cu hnh phn cp LSP: Bn cht cu trc b cc LSP ny c m t
nh sau: cc PSC-LSP s c nhm vo trong cc TDM-LSP, cc TDM-LSP
ny li tip tc c nhm vo trong cc LSC-LSP ti cc thit b LSC, cc
LSC-LSP ny li tip tc c nhm vo trong cc FSC-LSP ti cc thit b
FSC. V nh vy dung lng ng thng ca cc dng lu lng s c thc
hin theo c ch ghp nhm v chuyn tip theo cu hnh phn cp.

Hnh 2.1. Cu trc phn cp cc LSP

C ch b ng (Link Bundling): phng thc ny cho php ghp mt
vi ng quang vo lm mt v thng bo v ng cho cc giao thc nh
tuyn, chng hn nh OSPF, hoc IS-IS. Thng tin truyn ti theo phng thc
ny c th l mang tnh cht rt gn v khng y nhng u im l dung
lng x l s gim i rt nhiu nu nh s dng phng php lu tr c s d
liu nh tuyn. K thut b ng ch cn mt ng iu khin, iu cho
php gim s lng bn tin bo hiu iu khin cn phi x l.
+ tin cy (Reliability):
Chc nng thc hin ca cc giao thc GMPLS cho php qun l v iu
khin cc h hng trn mng mt cch t ng. Khi xy ra h hng ti mt phn

mng no thi n s c pht hin, nh v v cch ly vi cc phn mnh

mng khc. y l mt im quan trng khi thc hin cc LSP t u cui ti
u cui bng phng thc ng hm qua cc LSP c cu hnh cao hn.
GMPLS thc hin c ch bo v chng li cc h hng trn knh kt ni
(hoc ng thng) gia hai nt mng cn k (bo v on) hoc bo v t u
cui ti u cui (bo v tuyn). Khi tuyn truyn ti lu lng c thit lp
chc nng iu khin bo hiu s c thc hin kin to cc tuyn d phng
theo hng ngc li bng cc giao thc RSVPTE hoc CRLDP. Phng
thc bo v tuyn c th l dng 1+1 hoc M:N.
C ch phc hi ng. C ch ny i hi c cc c cu ci t ti
nguyn ng trn cc tuyn u ni. C hai phng php phc hi p dng
trong mng GMPLS, l phc hi knh kt ni v phc hi on kt ni. Phc
hi knh kt ni l tm tuyn thay th ti mt nt mng trung gian. Phc on
kt ni l phc hi tuyn cho mt LSP c th no c thc hin bt u t
nt mng ngun tm tuyn thay th xung quanh phm vi mng c s h hng.
2.2. Bo hiu trong mng GMPLS
Trong khuyn ngh RFC3031 m t cu trc MPLS xc nh c ch
chuyn hng d liu da trn c s thng tin nhn. Trong cu trc MPLS, c
ch nh hng d liu ca cc LSR c kh nng nhn bit c loi hnh d
liu (cell hoc gi tin), t cc LSR c s c kh nng hoc l x l d liu
trn c s mo u cell (cho nhng LSR c kh nng nhn bit cell) hoc mo
u gi tin (cho nhng LSR c kh nng nhn bit mo u gi tin).
thc hin c y cc chc nng ni trn, cc thit b
GMPLS-LSR cn phi thc hin c cc chc nng chuyn hng cuc gi
vi cc i tng sau y:
1. Phi c cc giao din c th nhn bit gianh gii gi tin/cell c th
thc hin chuyn hng d liu dng gi tin/cell.
2. Cc giao din c chc nng chuyn hng d liu trn c s d liu
theo khung thi gian theo cc chu k lp tun t.
3. Cc giao din c kh nng chuyn hng d liu trn c s bc sng
mang d liu m n thu c.
4. Cc giao din c kh nng chuyn hng d liu trn c s cc v tr c
th ca d liu trong mt khng gian vt l thc s.
m rng chc nng iu khin truyn ti v qun l ca MPLS i vi
mng quang, mt s khun dng mi ca nhn c xut. Cc khun dng
mi ny c tp hp trong khi nim gi l nhn tng qut. Nhn tng qut

m t cc thng tin cho php cc nt mng xc nh c ch chuyn mch, loi

hnh chuyn mch.
Khi mt nt mng gi v nhn mt khun dng mi ca nhn bit
c loi hnh knh kt ni c s dng, nhn tng qut khng cha thng tin
ny m thay vo cc nt mng s nhn bit trong thng tin dng ca nhn
cn phi nhn hoc gi x l tip theo.
+ Nhn tng qut:
Nhn tng qut l s m rng chc nng nhn MPLS truyn thng bng
vic khng ch th hin thc hin vic truyn ti nhn trong bng cng vi d
liu cn truyn ti m cn kin to cc nhn xc nh c khung thi gian,
bc sng, hoc v tr ghp lung theo khng gian.
Nhn tng qut khng ch thuc tnh gn lin vi nhn, ngha l thng tin
v loi hnh, c ch ghp knh chuyn mch p dng cho nhn. Nhn tng qut
ch n thun l mt loi hnh duy nht, ngha l khng phn cp theo cu hnh
LSP. Khi cn thit phi ghp nhm cc nhn theo cp (ngha l nhn thuc cc
LSP trong cc LSP) th mi mt LSP cn phi thc hin ring r.
Mi mt nhn tng qut cha thng tin v i tng dng TLV theo kiu
nhn c di bin ca tham s thay i.
+ Nhn chuyn mch chm bc sng:
Trng hp c bit ca chuyn mch bc sng l chuyn mch
chm bc sng. Chm bc sng y c hiu l tp cc bc sng k cn
nhau chim mt khong bng thng no c kh nng chuyn mch cng nhau
sang mt ca khc c cng bng thng hoc trn mt bng thng khc. Trong
thc t, tt nht l thc hin chc nng chuyn mch cho quang vi n v
chuyn mch l nhm bc sng. Phng thc ny c u im l khng gy xo
trn cc bc sng v d dng hn v mt thc hin. Trong trng hp ny
nhn chm bc sng s c s dng.
+ LSP hai chiu:
c c cc LSP hai chiu th cc LSP cn thc hin cc chc nng k
thut lu lng nh l c ch chia s, c ch bo v v phc hi, c ch qun l
ti nguyn....l ging nhau trn mi hng ca LSP. y s s dng khi nim
nt khi u (Initiator) v nt kt thc (Terminator) ch th nt mng
khi u v nt mng kt thc ca mt LSP. Mi mt LSP hai chiu ch c duy
nht mt ngi khi u v ngi kt thc.
kin to mt LSP hai chiu trong GMPLS, vic thc hin th tc bo
hiu hng ln v hng xung bt u t nt khi u v nt kt thc c
thc hin trong cng mt tp bn tin bo hiu. Phng thc ny s gim tr

thit ca qu trnh thit lp cng nh tr truyn ti chuyn tip, hn ch vic

x l thng tin mo u so vi phng thc m t trn.
Gii php cho s tranh chp: S tranh chp cc nhn c th xut hin gia
hai yu cu thit lp LSP hai chiu khi truyn ti qua cc hng ngc nhau. S
kin ny c th xut hin khi c hai pha c gn cng mt ti nguyn (nhn).
Nu nh khng c s hn ch v ti nguyn hoc c ti nguyn thay th th c
hai pha u c th chuyn cc nhn ny qua ng ln v s khng xut hin s
tranh chp v ti nguyn. Tuy nhin, ti nguyn v nhn l hu hn hoc l
khng c ti nguyn thay th, s kin tranh chp ti nguyn vn c th xy ra.
khc phc tnh trng ny, nt mng c IP cao hn s chim ti nguyn v gi
bn tin PathErr/ NOTIFICATION vi ngha l C vn v nh tuyn/ci
t nhn b li. Trn c s thng tin thu c t bn tin ny, nt mng s c
gng ci t nhn ng ln cho tuyn hai hng mt ln na (nu nh mt
nhn xut khc c s dng). Tuy nhin, nu nh khng cn ti nguyn sn
sng p ng nt mng s chuyn sang qu trnh x l theo chun v iu khin
li.
gim thiu xc sut xy ra tranh chp, mt c cu c xut l
cc nt mng c mc ID thp khng gi nhn xut ng xung v lun
lun chp nhn nhn xut t nt mng c ID cao hn. Hn na, khi m nhn
c chuyn i bng s dng giao thc LMP th c th s dng mt c ch ni
b thc hin vic nt c ID cao hn s ci t nhn t u cui ca khong
gi tr nhn, nt c gi ID thp hn s ci t nhn c gi tr t trn ca khong
gi tr nhn.
+ Thng bo li nhn
Trong trng hp mng MPLS v GMPLS xut hin cc bn tin li cha
thng tin ch th Unacceptable label value th cc nt mng phi c cc hnh
ng p ng. Khi mng GMPLS cn phi chuyn ti thng tin ny ln tp
gi tr nhn chp nhn. Tp gi tr nhn chp nhn s c truyn ti theo giao
thc bo hiu ph hp. Chi tit khun dng ca tp nhn chp nhn xem trong
mc tp hp nhn.
+ iu khin nhn tng minh
Cc giao din c s dng bi mt LSP c th c iu khin theo mt
tuyn c th. Chc nng ny cho cho php qun l iu khin cc nt /giao din
c th, s kt cui ca mt LSP trn mt giao din u ra (c nh s hoc
khng c nh s)ca hng ra ca mt LSR.
C nhng trng hp tn ti cc kiu tuyn khng cho php cung cp y
thng tin theo mc yu cu, nhng trng hp ny thng xy ra khi nt

khi to LSP mong mun chn mt nhn c s dng cho mt ng kt ni

c th no , c bit l khi ERO v ER-Hop khng cung cp cc i tng
nhnh ca nhn mt cch tng minh. V d, mt trng hp c th cn phi c
bin php gii quyt l khi cn ghp ni hai u LSP vi nhau, ngha l u
ca LSP th nht cn phi ghp ni vi ui ca LSP th hai. Trong trng hp
ny cn phi c thng tin v i tng nhnh ca nhn (ERO Label ERO subobject / ER Hop).
+ Thng tin bo v (Protection Information)
Thng tin bo v cha trong mt i tng TLV mi. N th hin ccc
tnh ng lin quan ti LSP c yu cu. Vic s dng thng tin bo v cho
mt LSP no l c tnh chn la. thng tin th hin cc loi hnh bo v
khc nhau, chng hn nh bo v 1+1,1:N, hoc khng bo v ... Lu rng
thng tin v kh nng bo v ca mt knh kt ni no cn c thng bo
dc theo tuyn kt ni. Thut ton nh tuyn c th s dng cc thng tin ny
thit lp cc LSP.
Thng tin bo v cn cho bit LSP l LSP s cp hay LSP th cp. Ti
nguyn cho LSP th cp ch c ci t trong trng hp c s h hng ti
LSP s cp. Ti nguyn ci t cho LSP s cp c th s dng bi cc LSP
khc.
+ Thng tin v trng thi qun l:
Thng tin v trng thi qun l cha trong mt i tng TLV mi.
Thng tin v trng thi qun l c s dng theo hai phng thc. Phng
thc th nht l thng tin v trng thi qun l c quan tm bi LSP c th.
Thng tin v trng thi qun l trong trng hp ny s th hin trng thi ca
LSP. Trng thi ca n c th l up (ang hot ng, down (ngng hot
ng), v test (ang c kim tra).
Phng thc s dng th hai ca thng tin v trng thi qun l l
thng tin dng ch th mt yu cu thit lp trng thi qun l ca LSP.
S khc nhau v cch thc s dng thng tin v trng thi qun l c
phn bit bi cch thc s dng giao thc bo hiu. Thng tin v trng thi qun
l s dng cho LSP l la chn.
+ Nhn dng giao din (Interface Identification):
Trong mng GMPLS khng tn ti mi lin quan mt mt gia knh
iu khin v knh d liu, do vy cn phi c cc thng tin b sung trong qu
trnh bo hiu xc nh cc knh d liu c th cn c iu khin. GMPLS
h tr kh nng nhn dng knh d liu bng thng tin nhn dng giao din.
+ iu khin li:

C hai dng li c th xut hin v cn c iu khin. Trng hp th

nht l li knh kt ni hoc mt dng tin ch truyn ti bo hiu khc b li
nn nt mng k cn khng truyn ti c cc bn tin iu khin bo hiu. Do
vy cc nt cn k vi nhau khng th trao i thng tin bo iu khin theo chu
k thi gian xc nh. Mt lin kt no trong mng cn c phc hi theo
giao thc bo hiu ch th cho cc nt mng cn phi duy tr trng thi d liu
iu khin ca n khi c s h hng ang xy ra. Chc nng thc hin ca cc
giao thc bo hiu m bo c rng mi trng thi thay i trong qu trnh h
hng u phi c ng b li gia cc nt mng khi h hng c khc phc.
Trng hp th 2. mt iu khin ca mt nt mng no hng v sau
c khi ng li, thng tin trng thi trong nt mng b mt. trong trng hp
ny c nt mng ng ln v nt mng ng xung cn ng b li thng tin
trng thi ca chng vi nt mng khi ng li.
2.3. Giao thc RSVP-TE ng dng v m rng cho mng chuyn mch
quang t ng ASON
GMPLS m rng chc nng ca MPLS t vic ch h tr cc giao din
mch d liu gi sang h tr thm 3 loi hnh giao din chuuyn mch khc na
l: giao din chuyn mch thi gian TDM, chuyn mch bc sng LSC v
chuyn mch si quang FSC. Nhng m t chc nng m rng ny c gii
thiu trong chng trc, phn ny s m t cc khun dng cung nh cc c
cu hot ng c th cn thit ca cc chc nng m rng h tr truyn ti d
liu ca c 4 loi hnh lu lng trong mng GMPLS.
+ Cc khun dng lin quan n nhn
Mc ny xc nh cc khun dng ca nhn yu cu tng qut, nhn tng
qut h tr cho chuyn mch bng thng, nhn xut v tp hp nhn
i tng yu cu nhn xut: Mt bn tin tuyn cn phi cha thng
tin v cc loi gi tr m ca LSP cng c th cng tt c th to iu kin
thc hin chc nng chuyn mch mt cch mm do trong cc LSR. Mt i
tng yu cu nhn xut c to lp bi nt mng u vo, c truuyn
trong sut qua cc nt chuyn tip v c s dng bi cc nt mng u ra.
Trng thng tin dng chuuyn mch c th cng c cp nht qua tng chng
chuyn mch, chi tit c m t trong quyn lun vn.
M gi tr bng thng: M gi tr bng thng c th hin trong cc i
tng SENDER_TSPEC v FLOWSPEC xc nh mt gi tr bng
thng s dng cho LSP cn thit lp trong mt giao thc bo hiu c th. Cc

gi tr ny thit lp trong trng tc nh ca i tng Int-Serv. Cc tham

s lin quan n cc bng thng/dch v khc s c truyn ti trong sut.
i tng nhn xut: Khun dng ca i tng nhn xut dng
nhn dng mt nhn tng qut, n c s dng trong bn tin hng ngc.
Mt i tng Seggested_Label s dng trng Class-Number 129
(10bbbbbb)v C-Type ca nhn ang c xut. Li khi thu i tng
Suggested_Label cn c b qua. N ch c tnh n khi c thm cc nh
c tham s mu thun nhau hoc khng ph hp. Theo (RFC3471),nu nh
ng xung ca mt nt mng chuyn qua mt gi tr nhn khc vi nhn
xut trn ng ln th trn ng ln ca LSR cn phi thc hin hnh ng
hoc l t cu hnh li s dng c nhn ch nh ng xung hoc pht
bn tin li hng ngc ch th Routing problem/Unacceptable label value
(c vn v nh tuyn/li gi tr nhn). Hn na, nt mng u vo khng
c truyn lu lng bng vic s dng nhn xut ti tn khi nt mng
ng xung chuyn mt nhn ph hp cho ng ln
i tng tp nhn: i tng Label_Set s dng Class-Number 36
(0bbbbbbb) v C-Type 1 c trong bn tin bo hiu tuyn, chi tit trnh by
trong quyn lun vn.
+ Cc LSP hai hng
Vic thit lp LSP hai hng c ch th bi s c mt ca nhn ng
ln trong bn tin bo hiu tuyn. i tng Upstream_Label c khun dng
ging vi khun dng nhn tng qut, i tng Upstream_Label s dng
Class-Number 35 (0bbbbbbb) v C-Type ca nhn ang c s dng.
Qu trnh thit lp mt LSP hai hng cng ging nh thit lp LSP mt
hng vi mt vi b sung. thit lp mt LSP hai hng, mt i tng
Upstream_Label s c a vo bn tin bo hiu tuyn. i tng
Upstream_Labelch th nhn c hiu lc cho vic chuyn giao ti thi im gi
bn tin bo hiu tuyn.
Khi thu c bn tin bo hiu cha i tng Upstream_Label nt mng
cn phi kim tra s ph hp ca nhn ng ln. Nu nh gi tr nhn ng
ln l khng ph hp th nt mng cn phi gi bn tin PathErr vi ni dung
Routing problem/Unacceptable label value (c vn v nh tuyn/gi tr
nhn khng ph hp). Bn tin PathErr c th bao gm mt tp hp nhn ph
hp (xem chi tit trong mc i tng nhn ph hp).
Nt mng chuyn tip cng cn phi gn mt nhn trn giao din u ra
v thit lp cc tuyn truyn d liu ni b trc khi truyn ti d liu vo giao
din u ra ngn nhn ng ln v truyn bn tien bo hiu dc tuyn kt ni.

Trong trng hp nt chuyn tip khng th gn nhn hoc khng ti nguyn

kt ni truyn d liu ni b trong nt th n phi ph mt bn tin PathErr vi
ni dung Routing Problem /MPLS label allocation failure (c vn v nh
tuyn/gn nhn MPLS khng thnh cng). Cc nt kt cui x l cc bn tin
bo hiu tuyn theo th tc thng thng.
Khi mt LSP hai hng c gii phng, c ng ln v xung u thc
hin qu trnh ny v se khng thc hin gi d liu bng cch s dng nhn
c gn trc .
2.4. M rng giao thc nh tuyn RSVP-TE cho ASON trong mng
GMPLS
Phn ny m t cc chc nng m rng ca GMPLS cho mng chuyn
mch quang t ng ASON [G7713.2]. Cc chc nng m rng ny bao gm:
chc nng h tr cuc gi v kt ni ring r, chc nng h tr kt ni c nh
mm (Soft Permanent Connection - SPC), chc nng h tr m rng tnh
nng khi ng v b sung cc m ch th li h tr cho cc chc nng m rng,
cc chc nng ny c m t chi tit trong quyn lun vn.
Bn cht ca GMPLS l vic kin to b sung chc nng cho cc giao
thc bo hiu thc hin cc chc nng b sung ni trn cho ASON c bit
tp trung vo kha cnh GMPLS s dng giao thc bo hiu RSVP-TE. y s
l kha cnh c bn thc hin cc chc nng h tr ASON bi mng GMPLS.
2.5. Chc nng GMPLS m rng cho qun l iu khin truyn ti SDH
trong mng NGN
Nh m t trong ti liu RFC3945, GMPLS l s pht trin tip theo ca
MPLS vi nhng chc nng m rng. Ngoi chc nng cung cp cc giao din
chuyn mch d liu gi (PSC) nh MPLS thc hin, GMPLS cung cp thm
giao din chuyn mch cho 4 loi hnh khc nh m l: chuyn mch lp 2
(L2SC), chuyn mch khung thi gian (TDM), chuyn mch bc sng (LSC),
chuyn mch si quang (FSC). Phn ny s trnh by chi tit phn thc hin c
th nhng chc nng qun l iu khin m rng cho mng SDH.
Cc thng tin trnh by bao gm: Cc tham s lu lng SONET v SDH,
cc nhn SONET/SDH, cc thng tin ny c trnh by chi tit trong lun vn

2.6. Mt s vn tn ti trong mng GMPLS

GMPLS thc cht l b cc giao thc c m rng thc hin mt s
chc nng mi ca mng MPLS. Trong , mt s phn thc hin cn phi
c chun ha trong tng lai gn.
Mt s vn trong mng GMPLS c cn c gii quyt bao gm:
Bo mt, Interworking v h thng qun l mng, nhng vn ny c trnh
by chi tit trong lun vn.

Chng 3 - Tnh hnh trin khai cng ngh GMPLS ca mt s nc trn th gii

Bt u t nm 2000 cc t chc nghin cu v cc hng sn xut thit b

v gii php mng th h mi thc hin cc d n th nghim trin khai
mng GMPLS nhm mc ch kim nghim vic thc hin cc chc nng mng
GMPLS trn mt s cc thit b mng c pht trin thm cc giao thc hot
ng ca mng GMPLS nhm xc nh cc thng s, c tnh, c ch hot ng
ca cc giao thc mng GMPLS vng nh cc kin trc thc hin mng t
rt ra cc kt lun cng nh cc sa i b sung v tiu chun v giao thc
xut p dng cho cng ngh ny.
Mt s nhng d n trin khai th nghim mng GMPLS in hnh nh:
d n MUPPED (chu u) vi mc tiu l trin khai th nghim, nh gi mng
da trn cu trc GMPLS/ASON m cho mc ch kt ni mng c ln gia cc
c s nghin cu ti cc cc quc gia chu u vi nhau; d an n NOBEL (chu
u) trin khai mng v trin khai cc d n th nghim v cu trc mng th
h mi da trn c s m hnh kin trc cng ngh GMPLS/ASON cho mc
ch xy dng truyn ti a lp tch hp IP quang thng minh;d n GARDEN
(chu u, Bc M v Hn Quc) nhm xy dng mng th nghim lin kt IP
trn c s thit b truyn ti quang c qun l v iu khin bi cng ngh
tin tin (GMPS/ASON) ca cc nh cung cp thit b thnh vin c th
cung cp cc dch v bc sng ng, kt ni theo yu cu cho cc dch v bng
thng rng v c yu cu cao v QoS; d n 3TNET (Trung Quc) xy dng
nhm cung cp dch v lin kt cc h thng my tnh GRID ca mt s t chc
nghin cu o to ti 3 thnh ph ln Shanghai, Jiangsu v Zhejiang vi nhau.

Chng 4 - ng dng cng ngh GMPLS cho mng ng trc ca VNPT

4.1. Hin trng mng vin thng ng trc ca VNPT

Hin nay, truyn dn ng trc Bc Nam ca VNPT c 2 mng hot
ng song song, s dng cng ngh DWDM, l mng Nortel 60Gbps vi 6
bc sng 10Gbps v 80Gbps vi 10 bc sng 10Gbps, thit b c cung cp
bi hng Nortel. Mng Nortel 60Gbps bao gm tuyn cp trn quc l 1 v mt
phn cp in lc, mng Nortel 60Gbps gm tuyn cp trn quc l 1 v cp
ng mn H Ch Minh. Mi mng c chia thnh nhiu Ring. Bn cnh vic
bo v bng Ring, mng Nortel 80Gbps cn c bo v bng cc tuyn cp
song song.
4.2. Cc phng n p dng cng ngh GMPLS trn mng ng trc ca
VNPT
C ba phng n t chc mng ng trc theo hai m hnh khc nhau:
m hnh chng ln (Overlay Model) v m hnh ngang hng (Peer Model) v m
hnh lai ghp (Augmented Model).
+ Phng n trin khai mng GMPLS ng trc theo m hnh chng ln
(Overlay Model)
Theo mng s bao gm 3 nt trc chnh l nt trc H Ni, nt
Nng v nt Tp. H Ch Minh. Ti mi mt nt ng trc ny s t mt thit
b chuyn mch quang OXC c chc nng GMPLS cc nt OXC ny u cho
nhau thng qua h thng truyn dn quang DWDM thc hin chuyn mch
bc sng mang cc tn hiu vi tc c th t ti tc ca STM 16/64
hoc 10Gbit Ethernet. Ti cc nt mng trc ny cn t cc b nh tuyn
ng trc (Router trc), cc b nh tuyn ny kt ni vi cc chuyn mch
OXC ti nt tng ng.
u im ca phng n trin khai mng ng trc theo m hnh chng
ln: Ph hp vi vic kt ni mng ca nhiu nh khai thc mng khc nhau,
thc hin h thng iu khin bo hiu v qun l ring theo tng nh khai thc;
ph hp cho thc hin kt ni mng nh tuyn Router vi mng truyn ti
quang c h thng nh tuyn, iu khin bo hiu ring r; cho php trin khai
m rng qun l mng truyn ti quang m khng nh hng ti mng nh
tuyn Router hin c.
Nhc im ca phng n trin khai mng ng trc theo m hnh
chng ln: Thng tin iu khin/bo hiu v nh tuyn b che du ranh gii
gia cc phm vi phn lp mng, do hn ch hiu qu s dng ti nguyn

chung ca mng; c ch thc hin qun l v iu khin cc s c h hng

mng c th rt phc tp; khng ph hp vi mng c cu trc kt ni Mesh y
.
+ Phng n trin khai mng GMPLS ng trc theo m hnh ngang hng
(Peer Model):
V c bn cu trc kt ni ca m hnh mng ngang hng tng t nh
m hnh mng chng ln. Ch c mt khc bit l cc Router trc kt ni vi
cc OXC theo c ch ngang hng. C ngha l cc OXC coi cc Router trc c
chc nng hot ng ging nh cc OXC v ngc li, cc Router trc coi cc
OXC c cc chc nng hot ng ging nh cc Router trc khc. Trong trng
hp ny mt iu khin v qun l gia OXC v Router trc l thng nht. Cc
Router trc hiu r cu trc t-p v c kh nng s dng ti nguyn ca mng
truyn ti quang v ngc li, cc OXC hiu r cu trc t-p ca mng nh
tuyn Router v c kh nng s dng ti nguyn trong mng nh tuyn Router.
thc hin iu ny, giao din kt ni iu khin bo hiu gia cc Router
trc v cc OXC l giao din I-NNI, cng ging nh giao din kt ni gia cc
OXC vi nhau. Trong trng hp ny, cc giao thc nh tuyn c thc hin
xuyn sut qua cc OXC v Router trc. iu ny khc vi m hnh chng ln,
giao thc nh tuyn GMPLS ch thc hin trong min truyn ti quang (gia
cc OXC vi nhau).
u im ca phng n trin khai mng theo m hnh ngang hng: Ti u
ha vic chn la cc tuyn kt ni qua cc Router v cc OXC, khng pht sinh
hin tng chng ln v cu trc t-p gia mng truyn ti quang v mng
nh tuyn Router; cho php s dng ti nguyn mng mt cch hiu qu trong
mi trng khng ng nht cc thit b mng truyn ti quang v thit b nh
tuyn Router; s dng mt mt iu khin v qun l thng nht cho cc phn t
mng khc nhau trong phn lp truyn ti quang v nh tuyn Router; d dng
hn trong vic pht hin v iu khin cc s c trn mng hn hp IP v
quang.
Nhc im ca phng n trin khai mng theo m hnh ngang hng:
Khng h tr trong mi trng mng bao gm nhiu nh khai thc mng khc
nhau do bn thn cc nh khai thc mng khng mun cc nh khai thc mng
khc bit thng tin v mng ni b ca mnh.
+ Phng n trin khai mng GMPLS ng trc theo m hnh lai ghp
(Augmented Model)

Phng n trin khai mng ng trc theo m hnh lai ghp l s kt

hp gia phng n trin khai theo m hnh chng ln v m hnh ngang hng.
Theo phng n ny th gia phm vi mng trn c s cng ngh
IP/MPLS v mng OXC s c mt thit b nh tuyn c th kt ni vi mng
truyn ti quang theo m hnh ngang hng ng thi l phn t ng vai tr nh
tuyn trong mng IP/MPLS v c gi l thit b nh tuyn ranh gii (Border
Router). Thit b nh tuyn nh va c th thc hin chc nng nh tuyn
trong mng truyn ti quang (qun l cu trc t-p mng quang) va c chc
nng nh tuyn trong mng IP/MPLS. Theo phng n ny, mt phng qun l
v iu khin gia mng IP/MPLS v mng truyn ti quang OXC l tch bit
ring r, khng c s trao i thng tin nh tuyn, bo hiu v iu khin gia
hai mt iu khin qun l ny.
u im ca phng n trin khai mng theo m hnh lai ghp: Tn dng
c u im mng ngang hng xt v kha cnh qun l iu khin mng theo
phm vi mng, ngha l s dng ti nguyn mng mt cch hiu qu khi thit lp
cc kt ni mng trong mi trng khng ng nht gia mng nh tuyn
IP/MPLS v mng truyn ti quang; C ch qun l v iu khin li mng n
gin v c phn bit r ti ranh gii gia mng IP/MPLS v mng quang; to
thun li trong vic m rng mng quang t mng hin ti song song vic to
mt phng iu khin qun l thng nht.
Nhc im ca phng n trin khai mng theo m hnh lai ghp: Vn
tn ti hai mt phng iu khin qun l: Quang v mng nh tuyn IP/MPLS;
phng n ny khng ph hp vi mng c cu trc t-p tng ng gia
mng truyn ti quang v mng nh tuyn Router IP/MPLS (tng ng vi mi
mt nt mng s c mt phn t chuyn mch quang v mt thit b nh tuyn
IP/MPLS).
Nh vy vi vic t chc mng theo cu trc t- p tng ng nh mng
ng trc ca VNPT th khng nn trin khai mng theo m hnh lai ghp.
4.3. M hnh t chc mng GMPLS trong mng vng ca VNPT
Cu trc phn lp mng Vng t chc thnh hai phn lp mng: Phn lp
mng li (Vng Core) v phn lp mng truy nhp (Access Vng). Trong mi
mt phn lp mng c cc thnh phn mng ch yu l cc phn t thuc
mng nh tuyn/chuyn mch (Router/Switch) v cc phn t thuc mng
truyn ti quang (TDM/OXC). Trong lp truyn ti quang lp mng truy nhp
ch yu s dng cc phn t truyn ti da trn cng ngh TDM (cc thit b
SDH-NG hoc cc thit b MSTP). Trong lp mng truyn ti li c th s dng

cc thit b OXC nu nh kch thc mng ln hoc s dng hn hp cc thit

b TDM v OXC hay ch dng cc thit b TDM vi mng kch c trung bnh
hoc nh. Tng t nh i vi mng ng trc, vic trin khai GMPLS trong
mng Vng cng c th theo ba phng n t chc mng khc nhau: m hnh
chng ln (Overlay Model); m hnh ngang hng (Peer Model) v m hnh lai
ghp (Augmented Model).
+ Phng n trin khai mng GMPLS vng theo m hnh chng ln (Overlay
Model)
Mng Vng t chc theo m hnh chng ln v cu trc phn lp mng
vn da trn c s cu trc phn lp mng Vng bao gm 2 lp mng: Lp
mng li (Vng Core) v lp mng truy nhp (Access Vng) nh hnh di y.

Hnh 4.1. T chc mng GMPLS Vng theo m hnh Overlay

Mng truyn ti quang ca phn lp mng li Vng v mng truy nhp
Vng bao gm cc phn t SDH-NG/MSTP hoc cc phn t OXC kt ni vi
nhau thng qua cc giao din I-NNI. Ranh gii gia hai lp mng ny c kt
ni vi nhau thng qua cc giao din E-NNI. V nh vy, mt phng iu khin
qun l ca mng truyn ti quang v cc Router bin l mt mt phng thng
nht theo cng ngh GMPLS. Cc giao din vt l kt ni thuc mng truyn ti
c th l cc giao din STM-n, giao din FE (100 Mbit/s), GE (1/10 Gbit/s) hoc
cng c th l cc giao din vi tc lung VC-n n l hoc chui lin kt
lung (VC Concatenation) cung cp cc knh truyn ti vi nhiu tc khc
nhau.
+ Phng n trin khai mng vng theo m hnh ngang hng (Peer Model)
Tng t nh tng t nh m hnh mng ngang hng p dng cho
ng trc nh hnh di y. Tuy nhin, trong mt phm vi phn lp mng
(nh l trong phn lp mng truy nhp hoc mng li c th cn kt ni nh
tuyn v qun l bn trong (thng qua cc giao din I-NNI). Vi phng n
trin khai mng ngang hng cho mng GMPLS Vng chng ta c c mt

mng c mt phng iu khin qun l thng nht theo b giao thc GMPLS
ca IETF v m hnh kin trc mng ASON/ G.8080 do ITU-T xut.

Hnh 4.2. T chc mng GMPLS Vng theo m hnh Peer

+ Phng n trin khai mng GMPLS Vng theo m hnh lai ghp (Augmented
Model)
Tng t nh trin khai mng GMPLS ng trc theo m hnh lai ghp.
im khc bit y l phm vi mng GMPLS bao gm cc phn t mng
truyn ti quang ca c hai phn lp mng truy nhp v mng li Vng v ti
cc Router cng ng vai tr cng lin kt gia phm vi mng truyn ti quang
GMPLS v mng nh tuyn IP/MPLS (Border Router). Trong m hnh ny
di y, cc Router cng s thc hin hai chc nng, i vi phm vi mng
GMPLS n s hot ng nh mt phn t mng GMPLS v kt ni vi cc phn
t mng GMPLS khc thng qua giao din NNI (I-NNI hoc E-NNI) thc
hin cc chc nng qun l, iu khin v nh tuyn trong mng GMPLS. i
vi phm vi mng IP/MPLS n s thc hin chc nng qun l, iu khin v
nh tuyn thng qua cc giao thc p dng cho mng IP/MPLS. Mt phng
qun l v iu khin gia mng IP/MPLS v mng GMPLS l tch bit ring
r, khng c s trao i thng tin nh tuyn, bo hiu v iu khin gia hai
mt iu khin qun l ny.

Hnh 4.3. T chc mng GMPLS Vng theo m hnh lai ghp

4.4. M hnh t chc mng GMPLS cho mng tng th (mng ng trc
v mng vng) ca VNPT
Phng n truyn khai mng GMPLS ca VNPT v thc cht s c
trin khai trn c s cc thnh phn chnh cu thnh ca mng l thnh phn
mng GMPLS ng trc v thnh phn mng Vng hay c th gi l mng
vng. V thc cht v kin trc mng Vng tng ng vi mng vng vi
kch thc mng ln hoc tp hp nhiu phn khc nhau ca mng Vng (cc
phn mnh mng truy nhp v cc nt mng li trin khai trn vng theo phm
vi a l hnh chnh) to thnh mt mng theo kin trc hon chnh ca mng
Vng. Vi quan im xy dng mng nh vy chng ta c th coi cc thnh
phn mng cu thnh ln mng GMPLS hon chnh ca VNPT l mng GMPLS
ng trc v mng vng (hay mng Vng).
Cc phng n trin khai cc thnh phn mng ni trn c trnh by
mc trc. Vn trin khai mng GMPLS tng th ca VNPT trong thc
cht s l vn xy dng phng n kt ni v l trnh trin khai cc thnh
phn mng nh th no. Chi tit c m t trong quyn lun vn.

KT LUN

Lun vn nu ln nhng c im chung nht, nhng k thut c bn

ca cng ngh GMPLS, ng thi lm r nhng u vit, nhng khc bit so vi
cng ngh MPLS nh iu khin c nhiu lp, cu hnh dch v t u cui
n u cui. i vo phn tch chi tit cc giao thc s dng trong mng
GMPLS, tc gi nu bt c nhng c im m rng ca cc chc nng
nh tuyn, chc nng bo hiu nh: cc yu cu nhn tng qut, tp nhn, bo
hiu ng hai chiu, bo hiu phn cp, RSVP-TE, ngoi ra b sung thm giao
thc qun l LMP; Cc chc nng m rng ca RSVP-TE cho iu khin truyn
ti SDH trong mng NGN cng c cp. Ngoi ra, tc gi gii thiu mt s
d n trin khai mng GMPLS trn th gii v xut mt s m hnh trin khai
cng ngh GMPLS vo mng ng trc ca VNPT.
Do thi gian nghin cu c hn, nn nhiu ch, nhiu vn trong lun
vn c th c trnh by cha su sc v y , v vy tc gi mong nhn
c s thng cm v gp qu bu ca cc thy, c rt ra nhng bi hc
kinh nghim trn con ng nghin cu khoa hc sau ny.