Báo Cáo Thực Tập Quy trình sản xuất viên gia vị tại công ty Nosafood

B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP HCM

VIN CNG NGH SINH HC & THC PHM
BO CO THC TP
GVHD:
TS. NGUYN TH MINH NGUYT
SVTT:
NGUYN TH PHNG NGUYN
TRN VNH PHC

NGUYN MINH TIN
LP:
DHTP7A
TP HCM, thng 9/2014
B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP HCM
VIN CNG NGH SINH HC & THC PHM
BO CO THC TP
DANH SCH NHM

STT
TN
MSSV
Nguyn Th Phng Nguyn
11035091
Trn Vnh Phc
11037171
Nguyn Minh Tin
11072811
TP HCM, thng 9/2014
LI GII THIU
T xa n nay thc phm lun l nhu cu thit yu ca mi con ngi, thc
phm l ngun cung cp nng lng ch yu cho c th con ngi con ngi hot
ng m quan trng hn l p ng nhu cu n ngon mc p ca con ngi hin nay.
X hi ngy cng pht trin th vic chm lo cho gia nh ngy cng tr thnh gnh
nng cho cc ch em ni tr, hin nay h lun mun chu ton cho gia nh nhng cng
vic ngoi x hi hu nh chim ht thi gian ca h. V th bt kp xu hng hin
i cn c nhng thc phm ngon, r va tit kim c thi gian cho cc ch em ph
n m cn p ng nhu cu v dinh dng cho con ngi m cn i hi tnh tin
li cao.
Cng ty c phn Ch bin v Kinh doanh Nng sn Thc phm Nosafood ra i
lm phong ph thm nhng mt hang thc phm trong nc c bit cng ty bit
tn dng nhng nguyn liu ca mt t nc c nn cng nghip l chnh nh: t,
c, tiu, ti, hnh, u nnh sn xut ra nhng loi thc phm mamng tnh kinh
t cao nh: tng t, tng c, nc tng, mui tiu, cc vin gia v nh: bn b
hu, h tiu Nam Vang, ph b, bn riu cua, kho tiu, b kho v vy cng ty ngy
cng pht trin khng ch trong nc m cn ngoi nc. Nhng sn phm ca
cng ty Nosafood khng ch b r m cn mang tnh tin li cao n vi cng ty
nng sn Nosafood khng nhng mang n cho chng ta nhng mn n ngon m cn
mang n cho chng ta nhng mn n ngon m cn mang li cho chng ta nhng
hng v c sc ca cc vng min trong nc. V vy vin gia v khng nhng
mang n cho chng ta nhng mn n mi l cho nhng ai cha tng bit n, lm
mi gia v ca gia nh hng ngy, mang li hiu qu kinh t, tit kim thi gian cho
ngi tiu dng, ngun nhn lc, gim gi thnh.
LI CM N
Qua mt thng thc tp ti cng ty C phn Ch bin Kinh doanh Nng sn Thc
phm Nosafood, chng em c tip xc vi cng vic v dy chuyn k thut,
c p dng nhng kin thc hc trng vo thc tin v b sung c vn
kin thc ln cho bn thn cng nh tch ly c nhiu kinh nghim v tc phong
lm vic tch ly cho cng vic ca bn thn trong tng lai.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n ban gim hiu trng i hc Cng nghip
Thnh ph H Ch Minh, qu thy c trong vin Cng ngh Sinh hc Thc phm...
to c hi cho chng em c c mt c hi thc tp tch ly nhiu kinh
nghim cho bn thn v gip chng em hon thnh kha thc tp mt cch tt
p. V c bit chng em xin gi li cm n n c Nguyn Th Minh Nguyt tn
tnh hng dn, gip chng em hon thnh tt kha thc tp v c c mt bi
thu hoch tt nht.
i vi qu cng ty, chng em xin gi li cm n su sc nht n ban Gim c
ng to iu kin cho chng em c c hi c thc tp cng ty. V em cng
xin chn thnh cm n cc anh ch, c ch trong b phn k thut v cc chuyn sn
xut ca nhm gia v tn tnh gip , truyn t nhng kin thc v nhng kimh
nghim qu bo cho chng em trong sut qu trnh tham gia thc tp lm nn tng
cho chng em hon thnh tt kha thc tp cng nh bi bo co ny.
Chng em xin knh chc qu thy c di do sc khe hon thnh tt vai tr
ca mnh. Xin chc qu cng ty ngy cng ln mnh v vng bc trn thng
trng khng ch trong nc m cn trn ton th gii.
Do thi gian thc tp c hn nn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt mong qu
thy c thng cm v a ra kin cng nh ch dn thm chng em c th hon
thnh bi bo co mt cch tt nht.
Li cui cng, chng em xin trn trng cm n!
NHN XT CA N V THC TP
( Cng ty C phn ch bin kinh doanh nng sn thc phm Nosafood )
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TP. H Ch Minh, ngy ... thng ... nm 2014
Xc nhn ca n v
( K tn, ng du )
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

Gio vin hng dn: TS.Nguyn Th Minh Nguyt
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TP. H Ch Minh, ngy ... thng ... nm 2014.
Gio vin hng dn
MC LC
A.
NI DUNG ........................................................................................................... 1
1.
TNG QUAN V CNG TY C PHN NOSAFOOD .................................. 1

1.1. Lch s thnh lp v pht trin ......................................................................... 1
1.2. a im xy dng, ngun nc, nhin liu .................................................... 2
1.3. S b tr nh my ........................................................................................ 4
1.4. S t chc v b tr nhn s ........................................................................ 5
1.4.1.
S t chc .......................................................................................... 5
1.4.2.
B tr nhn s ......................................................................................... 5
1.5. An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy ................................................... 10

1.6. Ni quy ca cng ty........................................................................................ 11
1.7. X l ph thi v v sinh cng nghip ........................................................... 13
2.
QUY TRNH SN XUT GIA V VIN ........................................................ 13

2.1. Nguyn liu sn xut gia v vin .................................................................... 13
2.1.1.
ng ................................................................................................... 13
2.1.2.
Mui NaCl ............................................................................................ 15
2.1.3.
Cht iu v .......................................................................................... 16
2.1.3.1. Siu bt ngt......................................................................................... 16

2.1.3.2. Mononatri glutamate (E621) ................................................................ 17
2.1.3.3. Disodium succinate .............................................................................. 18
2.1.4.
Cht to ngt tng hp ......................................................................... 19
2.1.4.1. Acesulfame K ....................................................................................... 19

2.1.4.2. Aspartame ............................................................................................. 19
2.1.4.3. Dextrose monohydrate ......................................................................... 20
2.1.5.
Mch nha .............................................................................................. 21
2.1.6.
Gum ...................................................................................................... 21
2.1.7.
Cht bo ................................................................................................ 22
2.1.8.
Qu ....................................................................................................... 23
2.1.9.
inh hng ........................................................................................... 23
2.1.10.
i hi .................................................................................................. 24
2.1.11.
Trn b .................................................................................................. 24
2.1.12.
Ti, hnh ............................................................................................... 25
2.1.13.
S .......................................................................................................... 28
2.1.14.
t .......................................................................................................... 30
2.1.15.
Gng ..................................................................................................... 31
2.1.16.
2.1.16.1.
Cht iu chnh pH .......................................................................... 32

Acid citric (E330) ............................................................................. 32
2.1.17.
Natri benzoate ( E211) ......................................................................... 34
2.1.18.
Acid sorbic ........................................................................................... 34
2.1.19.
Tiu....................................................................................................... 35
2.1.20.
Mm ruc, mm tm. ........................................................................... 36
2.1.21.
Me......................................................................................................... 38
2.1.22.
Ht iu mu ........................................................................................ 38
2.2. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut gia v vin. ...................................................... 42

2.2.1.
S quy trnh cng ngh ................................................................... 43
2.2.1.1. Qu trnh dp vin ................................................................................ 46

2.2.1.2. Bao gi ................................................................................................. 47
2.2.1.3. Vo hp ................................................................................................ 47
2.2.1.4. V block, ng thng ........................................................................... 48
2.2.2.
Thit b chnh. ...................................................................................... 48
2.2.2.1. My trn gia v ..................................................................................... 48

2.2.2.2. My p vin gia v ................................................................................ 49
2.2.2.3. My p m chn khng ......................................................................... 53
2.2.2.4. My nh date ...................................................................................... 54
2.2.2.5. My rt mng co .................................................................................. 55
2.2.2.6. My dn thng ...................................................................................... 56
2.3. Cc s c thng gp v bin php khc phc .............................................. 57
2.4. Ch tiu cht lng cm quan ca sn phm gia v vin ................................ 59
2.4.1.
Ch tiu cm quan ................................................................................. 59
2.4.2.
Ch tiu ha l ...................................................................................... 60
2.4.3.
Ch tiu vi sinh ..................................................................................... 60
2.5. Cc loi sn phm gia v................................................................................. 61

2.6. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut 3 loi gia v vin ............................................. 66
2.6.1.
Quy trnh sn xut vin gia v ph b .................................................. 66
2.6.2.
Quy trnh sn xut vin gia v bn b hu ........................................... 69
2.6.3.
Quy trnh sn xut vin gia v b kho .................................................. 71
2.6.4.
Quy trnh sn xut 3 loi gia v thnh phm ........................................ 73
2.7. Bng so snh gia 3 loi gia v vin ............................................................... 74

2.8. Cc sn phm ca cng ty .............................................................................. 75
2.8.1.
Sn phm gia vi vin ............................................................................ 75
3.
2.8.2.
Sn phm tng t ............................................................................... 75
2.8.3.
Sn phm nc tng........................................................................... 76
2.8.4.
Cc sn phm khc: .............................................................................. 76
H THNG QUN L V KIM TRA CHT LNG - HACCP ................ 76

3.1. Gii thiu h thng HACCP........................................................................ 76
3.1.1.
Nhng vn chung ............................................................................ 76
3.1.2.
Li ch ca vic s dung HACCP trong sn xut ............................... 79
3.2. Cc nguyn l ca HACCP ............................................................................ 80

3.3. p dng HACCP trong cng ty ..................................................................... 81
3.4. Kim tra cht lng sn phm bng HACCP ................................................ 82
3.4.1.
Bng kim tra cht lng ..................................................................... 83
3.4.1.1. Mi nguy vt l ..................................................................................... 83

3.4.1.2. Mi nguy ho hc ................................................................................. 83
B.
NHN XT V KIN NGH ............................................................................. 86
C.
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................... 87
CNG TY C PHN CH BIN KINH DOANH NNG SN THC PHM NOSAFOOD
A. NI DUNG
1. TNG QUAN V CNG TY C PHN NOSAFOOD
1.1.
Lch s thnh lp v pht trin
Tn doanh nghip: Cng ty c phn Ch Bin Kinh Doanh Nng Sn Thc

Phm Nosafood.
Tn quc t: Nosafood Agricultural Foodstuff Processing And Trading Joint
Stock Company.
Tn vit tt: NOSAFOOD JSC
Trc thng 7-1995, tin thn ca cng ty l Trm Nghin cu Ch bin Kinh
doanh Nng sn Thc phm thuc Cng ty Lng thc thnh ph H Ch Minh
(Foodcosa), chuyn nghin cu v ch bin th cc loi thc phm mi cho cng ty.
Thng 7-1995, theo quyt nh ca cng ty lng thc thnh ph H Ch Minh,
trm c nng ln thnh X nghip Ch bin Kinh doanh Nng sn Thc phm nhm
m rng quy m sn xut, ng thi p ng nhu cu th trng trong c ch nn kinh
t m ca ca Nh nc.
Cng ty hot ng trong lnh vc sn xut kinh doanh t nm 2002-2005 vi
hnh thc l doanh nghip Nh nc c tn gi l: X Nghip kinh doanh nng sn
trc thuc cng ty lng thc Tp.HCM.
K t 05/2005 X nghip c c phn ha v chnh thc i vo hot ng vi tn
gi: Cng ty c phn Ch bin Kinh doanh Nng sn Thc Phm Nosafood theo
Quyt nh s 4449/Q/BNN-TCCB ngy 09/12/2004 ca B trng B nng nghip
v pht trin nng thn v theo ng k kinh doanh s 4103003443- 31/5/2005 ca S
K Hoch u t Tp.HCM.
T nm 2006, cng ty hot ng theo hnh thc chuyn t cng ty Nh nc sang
cng ty c phn vi:
C phn Nh nc chim 20% vn iu l.
C phn bn theo gi u i chim 11,59% vn iu l.
GVHD: TS. NGUYN TH MINH NGUYT
Trang 1
C phn bn theo mnh gi chim 47,89% vn iu l.

C phn bn ra ngoi chim 20,52% vn iu l.
L mt n v chuyn sn xut ch bin thc phm, c mt trn th trng gn 30
nm vi phng chm: Nosafood Cht lng V sinh An ton B dng.
Cng ty Nosafood v ang lin tc pht trin, ngy cng m rng c v quy m
nng lc sn xut v th trng tiu th. Qua nhiu nm hot ng trn lnh vc ch
bin thc phm, cng ty tch lu c rt nhiu kinh nghim, vi kh nng v nng
lc sn xut p ng mi yu cu ca th trng tiu th sn phm trong nc v xut
khu.
Sn phm cng ty to ch ng vng chc trn th trng, ngy cng pht huy
th mnh v cht lng, gi c hp l, bao b a dng v rt nhiu chng loi: bnh
dn, cao cp ph hp vi mi i tng tiu dng. i vi th trng trong nc sn
phm ca cng ty hin nay chim 15-20% th phn.
1.2.
a im xy dng, ngun nc, nhin liu
1.2.1. ia im xy dng
Cng ty c phn Ch Bin Kinh Doanh Nng Sn Thc Phm Nosafood vi
din tchmt bng 8.000 m2, c xy dng ti E4/20 Nguyn Hu Tr, th trn Tn
Tc, huyn Bnh Chnh Tp. H Ch Minh.
in thoi:(08)37600853 - 37600854 Fax : (08)37600855 Wedsite: nosafood.vn
Email: nosafood@gmail.comhoc nosafood99@yahoo.com
1.2.2. Ngun nc
Ngun nc cng ty s dng do nh my nc thnh ph cung cp. Nc c
bm vo thng cha, t mi phn phi n cc khu vc sn xut, k c cho mc
ch sinh hot. Nc thi c a qua h thng x l ri cho thot ra ngoi theo h
thng cng rnh.
1.2.3. Nhin liu
Gas c s dng trong un nu, s ch nguyn ph liu.
Trang 2
Ci dng cp nhit cho l hi cung cp hi cho cc thit b nh: t hp, ni

nu,...
Du c s dng cho ni nu tng t v my pht in d phng ca cng
ty.
Ngun in s dng l in quc gia 380V, mc tiu th hng nm 3600 KW.
Ngoi ra, cng ty cn c my pht in d phng 220V chy bng du c cng sut
50 VA.
Trang 3
1.3.
S b tr nh my
Phng
nghin
cu v
pht
trin
sn
phm
Trang 4
2.
1.4.
S t chc v b tr nhn s
1.4.1.
S t chc
1.4.2.
B tr nhn s
Hin nay, tng s lao ng trong cng ty khong 200 nhn vin.
Trong , ban gim c gm: 1 gim c v 1 ph gim c.
Trong h thng b tr nhn s ca cng ty bao gm:
Hi ng qun tr: Do c ng sng lp v hi ng qun tr bu ra ch tch
iu hnh, qun l c ng.
Trang 5
Ban kim sot: Gim st tnh hnh thc hin ch trng, chnh sch lut nh
ca cng ty c phn da trn c s php l ca Nh nc.
Gim c cng ty: L ngi ng u cng ty, trc tip iu hnh cng ty, k
hp ng kinh t.
Ph gim c: Trc tip ph trch k thut, cht lng, bo h lao ng,
nghin cu thit k th cc mt hng mi.
Phng kinh doanh:
Lp k hoch kinh doanh v trin khai thc hin.
Thit lp, giao dch trc tip vi h thng khch hng, h thng nh phn phi.
Thc hin hot ng bn hng ti cc khch hng nhm mang li doanh thu
cho doanh nghip.
Phi hp vi cc b phn lin quan nh k ton, sn xut, phn phi... nhm
mang n cc dch v y nht cho khch hng.
Phng k ton:
Ghi chp v hoch ton ng, y cc nghip v kinh t ti chnh pht sinh
trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty, ph hp quy nh ca nh nc v
quy ch qun l ti chnh ca cng ty.
Kim tra tnh hp l, hp l ca tt c cc loi chng t, hon chnh th tc k
ton trc khi trnh ln Tng gim c ph duyt.
Phng t chc hnh chnh:
Lp d ton kinh ph hot ng ca cng ty, trnh ln cp c thm quyn ph
duyt. ng thi thc hin cng tc quyt ton thu chi, bo co thu chi, v bo co ti
chnh c quan cng cp theo quy nh.
Phc v iu kin, phng tin, trang thit b lm vic, bo qun ti sn ca
cng ty.
Thc hin cng tc vn th lu tr, cng tc thi ua, khen thng.
Phng marketing:
Tm kim c hi mi, tm cch truyn t mi.
Ci thin vai tr v quan h ca marketing trong cng ty.
S dng cng ngh mi v o lng kt qu t c.
Trang 6
Phng k thut:
Nhim v: Phng kim tra cht lng sn phm thuc phng k thut, c trch
nhim kim tra sn phm ngay t lc nhp liu, bao b, cc cng on sn xut cho
n khi ra thnh phm hon thin.
Trch nhim: Kim tra nguyn liu, ph liu, quy trnh v sinh cng nghip,
quy trnh sn xut cc mt hng. Kim tra cc ch tiu cm quan, ha l, vi sinh.
Trong qu trnh sn xut, phng k thut (KCS) c trch nhim kim tra cc sn phm
sn xut trc v sau khi ng chai, ng gi, thnh phm, trc khi xut phi c du
ca KCS kim tra cht lng sn phm. Ngoi ra i ng k s trong phng k
thut khng ngng nghin cu tm ra bin php thay th nguyn liu nhm h gi
thnh sn phm, nng cao gi tr kinh t.
T KSC:
Thng xuyn, nh k, t xut kim tra, gim st qu trnh thc hin v khi
lng, cht lng v quy trnh cng vic c cng ty ban hnh.
Nghin cu v xut cho ban gim c cng ty, trc tip thc hin nhng
cng ngh, gii php bo v mi trng th, x l rc thi cc loi, x l nc thi.
Nghin cu sn xut v t chc kinh doanh cc ch phm, x l nhim mi trng,
x l nc thi.
Xy dng k hoch, phi hp vi cc n v chc nng son tho ti liu v
t chc tuyn truyn, truyn thng v cng tc bo v mi trng th.
T ch bin: Ch yu l cng nhn, c t trng gim st nhng cng nhn
di quyn, m nhn cc khu trong phn xng sn xut, sau mi ngy lm vic s
c cng nhn dn v sinh trong xng sn xut.
T ng gi: Lm vic bn ngoi phn xng, chu trch nhim hon thin
cng vic cui cng nh loi b sn phm khng t yu cu, vo thng, dn thng.
Tnh hnh sn xut v kinh doanh
Hin nay, cng ty Nosafood chuyn sn xut kinh doanh 3 mt hng chnh l gia v
vin, c t v nc tng. Bn cnh cng ty cn sn xut cc mt hng khc nh:
Trang 7
sa t, gia v dng bt, u phng rang, ht iu rang mui, tiu en, tiu s, bnh
trng nhm p ng nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng trong v ngoi nc.
Nhng kh khn m cng ty mc phi l do qu trnh sn xut cn mang tnh th
cng. My mc trong sn xut ch yu l loi bn t ng nn nng sut t c
khng cao, m bo cng ty sn xut bnh thng th cng nhn phi tng thi gian
lm vic mi p ng c nhu cu th trng.
Mng li phn phi
A.
H THNG SIU
TH
1.
BIG C AN LC
2.
BIG C MIN NG
BIG C HONG VN
TH
3.
4.
BIG C HI PHNG
5.
BIG C NNG
6.
BIG C NG NAI
7.
BIG C THNG LONG
8.
BIG C G VP
9.
BIG C HU
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
FOCOMART
CTYKD THI TRANG
H THNG CO.OP
ST BNH AN
ST BNH DN
15.
ST H NI
16.
17.
18.
ST ZEN PLAZA
ST LOTTE
ST TITAN
19.
ST THO NGUYN
20.
21.
MAXI 3/2
MAXI NHA TRANG
A CH
1231 QL1A, P BNH TR NG B, Q BNH
TN
138 T HIN THNH, Q10, TPHCM
202B HONG VN TH, P9, QPH NHUN,
TPHCM
L 1/20 KHU TH NG NM, SN BAY
CT BI, Q NG QUYN, HP
KHU TM VNH TRUNG, HNG VNG, Q
THANH KH, NNG.
KP1, P LONG BNH TN, BIN HA NG
NAI.
222 TRN DUY HNG, P TRUNG HA, Q
CU GIY, H NI.
792 NGUYN KIM, P3, Q G VP, TPHCM
KHU QUI HACH B TRIU, HNG VNG,
P PH HI, TP HU.
147B TRN HNG O, Q1
2 HANG VIT, P4, TN BNH
199-205 NGUYN THI HC, Q1
73 AN BNH, Q5, TPHCM
9 QUANG TRUNG, P11, G VP
189 CNG QUNH, P NGUYN C TRINH,
Q1
54-56 NGUYN TRI, Q1
58 NG KHI, Q1, TPHCM.
175 PHM HNG, P4, Q8, TPHCM
302A VN LI, P PH TH HA, Q TN
PH.
S 3-3C NG 3/2 P11, Q 10, TPHCM
64 QUANG TRUNG, TP NHA TRANG
Trang 8
22.
23.
MAXI CNG HA
15-17 CNG HA, P4, Q TN BNH
MAXI NGH AN
166 NGUYN THI HC, TP VINH, NGH AN
NH SCH NHN
24.
1 TRNG CHINH, P 11, Q TN BNH
VN
B.
H THNG I L
KHU VC TP. H
I.
CH MINH
I L CP I
CTY TNHH HYNH
1.
489A HU GIANG, P11,Q6
KIM HOA
2.
THANG NH QU
276 TRN BNH, Q6
3. DNG HAN CHU
334 BI HU NGHA, BNH THNH
4.
HTX TM TH NGH
8 CNG TRNG T DO
HYNH TH
5.
80 TRN BNH, Q6
PHNG NGA
I L CP II
TRN TH NGC
1.
76B PHAN VN KHE, Q6
TUYT
2.
TRN KIM HANG
105 TRN BNH, Q6
KHU VC MIN
II.
NG
I L CP I
DNTN CNG
1.
101 YN BI, P4, TP VNG TU
PHNG
2.
BI TH BNG
8/10A PH NG THIN VNG, TP LT
47/3 KP HA LONG, TT LI THIU, THUN
3. DNTN THNH DANH
AN, BDNG
I L CP II
KHNG TH THANH
15B/7 KP5A, P TN BIN, BIN HA, NG
1.
HANG
NAI
2.
INH TH KIM LIN
4/1 KP3, P TAM HIP, BIN HA NG NAI
PHAN TH PHNG 30 O DUY T, P THNH CNG, BUN M
3.
HNG
THUT
4.
TRN TH HOA
P PHC HU, X LONG PHC, B RA
KHU VC MIN
III.
TRUNG
I L CP I
83-85 NGUYN THI HC, P VN HNH, TP
1.
DNTN HNG HNG
NHA TRANG
I L CP II
CTY TNHH TM XNK L 11 NG 16B CM QUANG TRUNG, TP
1.
ANH NHT
QUY NHN.
DNTN TM TM
35/1 V VN DNG, P NG MY, TP QUY
2.
THNH
NHN
Trang 9
3.
4.
IV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
V.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
DNTN DANH TRANG

NGUYN TH BCH
NH
KHU VC MIN
TY
I L CP I
XNLT BN TRE
289 NG 23/10 NHA TRANG, KHNHHA

110/18 PHAN THANH, NNG
256 KP2 P10, TP M THO, TIN GIANG

371/1 P BNH CANG 1 X BNH THNH, H
DN KHANG AN
TH THA.
CTY TNHH TMSX 151/67 TRN HONG NA, P HNG LI, NINH
QUYN
KIU, CN TH.
L PHC LI
343 TN HNG, TN HA, VNH LONG
DNTN TRN KIM
90 QUANG TRUNG, P5, C MAU
LINH
I L CP II
NG VN DNG
136 L ANH XUN, CAO LNH
TRN TH XUN
56 L THNG KIT, KP1, P2 TX SAEC
CTY TNHH SXTMDV
24B CHI LNG, CHU PH A, TX CHU C
NM PHNG
NGUYN THANH
55 C LP, P3, TX TR VINH
HNG
CUNG NG XUT
TH TRNG NGA, CC NC NG U,
KHU
M, CANADA, H LAN ...
CTY TNHH NNG
HI SN GIA
THNH.
CTY TNHH TRUNG
NHN
CTY TNHH C
TRNG
DNTN THC PHM
HONG TUN
CTY TNHH TRUNG
NHN
1.5.
An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy
Cng ty thc hin an ton phng chy cha chy

Bnh cha chy (CO2) c t ti v tr thun tin.
Mi cng nhn vin c hc, luyn tp phng chy cha chy nh k hng
nm. Cng nhn nam trong cng ty m nhim vic phng chy cha chy.
Cu dao in, thit b in:
c bao bc mt cch cn thn.
Trang 10
B tr ni d thao tc, d vn hnh.

Mi thit b c mu sc v cu to ring bit d nhn bit.
Tng h thng my u c n bo v chung bo, c trang b cu dao ct
ngun in khi c s c khng nh hng ti my mc.
Mi my mc u c quy trnh vn hnh dn trn my hoc gn thit b ni d
nhn thy.
Mi cng nhn u c trang b bo h lao ng: o, m, khu trang, giy...
1.6.
Ni quy ca cng ty
iu 1: Thi gian lm vic v ngh ngi

a. Lm vic theo gi hnh chnh
Sng t: 7 gi 30 n 11 gi 30
Chiu t: 13 gi 00 n 17 gi 00
b. Lm vic theo ca, lm thm gi (c thng bo ring).
c. Ngh ngy ch nht, l, tt.
iu 2: Trt t, k cng trong xng
a. Ngi lao ng phi c mt ti ni lm vic ng gi.
b. Trong gi lm vic khng c b v tr i ni khc, ngoi tr s phn
cng ca lnh o c thm quyn.
c. Chp hnh v hon thnh tt cng vic c phn cng.
d. Trong gi lm vic khng n qu vt, khng sinh hot c nhn, tuyt i
gi trt t, v sinh chung, khi i khi ni sn xut phi c s ng ca lnh
o c thm quyn.
e. Trong gi lm vic cm ngi lao ng ung bia, ru hoc trong ngi
c mi bia, ru.
f. Ti xch, dng c nhn phi ng ch quy nh.
g. Ht gi lm vic, trc khi ra v phi kim tra tt n, qut, nc v cc
Trang 11
dng c khc, phi thc hin ch giao ca cht ch (c quy nh ring).

iu 3:An ton lao ng v v sinh lao ng
a. Ngi lao ng phi mc bo h lao ng v s dng cc trang b phng
h an ton lao ng theo ng quy nh, phi thc hin ng cc quy nh v an
ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng.
b. Nghim chnh thc hin cc quy trnh, quy phm vn hnh my mc phi
c lch bo dng nh k.
c. Thc hin tt vic kim traan ton v in, nhit, ha cht, phng trnh
chy n.
d. Tuyt i khng cht hng gn bng in, ng dy in, hoc hng
che chn li i, che khut tm nhn.
e. Thc hin np sng vn minh, sch p ni sinh hot v sn xut.
iu 4: Bo v ti sn, b mt cng ngh
a. Khi xut nhp hng ha phi c y chng t hp l theo quy nh.
b. Hng ha tn tr trong kho phi c ch bo qun tt, c pallete ngn
np, thng xuyn kim tra pht hin kp thi nhng l hng c du hiu xung
phm cht, bo ngay cho ngi ph trch x l.
c. Tuyt i khng a ngi khng phn s vo kho.
d. Khng tit l v s lng v chng loi hng ha trong kho.
e. Bo v c trch nhim kim tra giy t c lin quan n xut nhp hng
ha theo quy nh, c php gi hng ha xut nhp, bo ngay cho lnh o
khi pht hin giy t khng hp l hoc khng y .
iu 5: X l k lut lao ng
Mi ngi phi nghim chnh thc hin ng ni quy lao ng, nu vi phm ty
theo mc s b x l theo ch thi ua khen thng v k lut ca n v.
Trang 12
1.7.
X l ph thi v v sinh cng nghip

X l nc thi:
Trong sn xut: cng ty s dng nc t nh my nc thnh ph cung cp ra

nguyn liu, chai l, v sinh my mc, thit b...
Nc sau khi s dng cho sn xut, nc c x l bng phng php lng,
lc ri cho thot ra qua h thng cng rnh.
Ph liu:
c gom vo thng cha, hng ngy cng ty v sinh ca thnh ph s n dn.
V sinh cng nghip:
Cng ty lun ch trng cng tc v sinh cng nghip nh sau:

o
Trang b y thit b v sinh cho tng phn xng.
Tng v sinh hng tun.
Cc my mc trc v sau sn xut u c v sinh.
2. QUY TRNH SN XUT GIA V VIN

Trn th trng, sn phm vin gia v rt quen thuc vi mi ngi.Vin gia v
c xem nh mt mn sp ch bin sn, s dng cp thi thay th cho cc nguyn
liu ti cng cc ph liu khc.
Hin nay, sn phm vin gia v khng nhng c mt trn th trng trong nc
v cn l mt hng xut khu n cc nc nh c, Php, Nga.
Theo thng k, sn lng gia v vin xut khu hng nm ca Cng ty c phn
Nosafood chim khong 15% th phn v d kin sn lng xut khu s cn tng tip
tc vo thi gian ti.
Do , p ng c sn lng cung cp trong v ngoi nc nhng nm ti,
cng ty s a ra chin lc ci tin cc khu bn th cng trn dy chuyn hin hu
hon thin dy chuyn sn xut ny tht s n nh.
2.1.
Nguyn liu sn xut gia v vin
2.1.1. ng
Trong sn xut gia v, ng c dng ch yu l ng saccharose.
Ngun gc: ng saccharose sn xut t ma l chnh, ngoi ra cn c sn
xut t c ci ng hoc t cy tht nt.
Trang 13
ng Saccharose l mt di-saccharide, cng thc phn t l C12H22O11 c

cu to t hai monosacarit - D glucoza v - D fructoza khng c tnh kh do hai
nhm OH ca glucoza v fructoza lin kt vi nhau.
ng tinh luyn c hai loi l RE v RS, do ng RE c ch tiu cao cp
hn ng RS, gi thnh cao hn, do v phng din kinh t Cng ty chn
ng RS sn xut gia v.
Vai tr ca ng trong sn xut gia v
ng l nguyn liu chnh khng th thiu trong sn xut gia v.
Ngoi vic to v ngt, ng cn gp phn to hng v thm ngon
cho sn phm.
Tnh cht vt l
L tinh th trong sut, khng mu.
T trng d=1.5789.
Tnh ht thm.
Saccaroza ht m khi nht mi trng ln hn 90%.
Tnh kt tinh
ng saccaroza d dng to ra dung dch qu bo ha. Dung dch qu bo ha

khng bn vng v lng thc trong dung dch s kt tinh tr li.
Tnh cht ha hc
Chuyn ha trong mi trng acid
Trong mi trng acid, ng saccaroza b phn hy to ra ng chuyn ha.
C12H22O11
H+
t0 > 70
C6H10O6 + C6H10O6
Phn ng caramen ha
Di tc dng ca nhit , ng saccaroza b mt nc, phn hy to mu

caramen
Saccaroza
caramen (hn hp aldehyde)

Bng 2.1. Ch tiu v ng trong sn xut vin gia v
Trang 14
Thnh phn
Ch tiu
Hm lng ng Saccaroza
> 99,6%
Hm m
< 0,15%
Tro
< 0,15%
ng kh
< 0,15%
pH
Mu sc
Trng
2.1.2. Mui NaCl
Hnh 1: Mui NaCl

Mui NaCl c v mn, c tc dng to v cho vin gia v, tng kh nng ht nc,
lm tng tnh cm quan cho vin gia v, lm gim hot ng ca enzyme v cc vi
sinh vt c trong khi nguyn liu.
Cng ty s dng mui sn xut vin gia v l mui cng nghip.
Trang 15
Bng 2.2. Ch tiu v mui trong sn xut vin gia v

Tn ch tiu
Yu cu
<0,5%
Tp cht v c khng tan

Hm lng NaCl(trn cht
kh)
<0,5%
>98%
Hm lng kim loi nng

Fe
<50 (mg/kg)
As
<2 (mg/kg)
Cu
<2 (mg/kg)
Pb
<2 (mg/kg)
Hg
<0,2 (mg/kg)
2.1.3. Cht iu v
2.1.3.1.
Siu bt ngt
Siu bt ngt l sn phm kt hp ca 2 loi cht ph gia iu v l: inatri

guanylat (627) v inatri inosinat (631). N c ngt gp 10 n 15 ln bt ngt
thng thng. N cn tc dng ln trung ng thn kinh vng cm nhn thm n, kch
thch thm n...
Cht iu v 627(E627) cn gi l Disodium guanylate, hay sodium 5guanylate v disodium 5-guanylate; l mui cha 2 gc natri ca guansine
monophosphate (GMP).
Cht iu v 631( E631) cn gi l Disodium inosinate, hay disodium 5inosinate, hoc sodium 5-inosinate; l mui cha 2 gc natri ca Acid inosinic.
Cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to
Cng thc phn t ca E627 l:
C10H12N5Na2O8 (khi lng mol l 407.184 g/mol).
Trang 16
Cng thc cu to ca E627l:

C10H11N4Na2O8P (khi lng mol 392.17 g/mol).
Disodium inosinate(631) l loi ph gia thc phm c cng dng iu v, tr

lc vi monosidium glutamate(bt ngt). Loi ph gia ny c xut x t tht, c.
Thng khng c dng cho thc phm ca tr em.
Disodium guanylate (627) cng l 1 ph gia thc phm c tnh iu v nh c
tc dng hip lc vi bt ngt. Disodium guanylate (627) l cht iu v c xut x t
c kh hay rong bin kh, sn phm ph ca Disodium inosinate (631).
Disodium inosinate (627) v Disodium guanylate (631) l 2 cht iu v khng
cha bt ngt, nhng li c tc dng cng lc vi Acid glutamic t do, nn thng
c dng chung vi nhau. Cht iu v 627 v cht iu v 631 l nhng ph gia kh
t tin, nhng iu c bit l chng khng c hiu qu nu khng c bt ngt i
km. V vy, khi bn khm ph trn nhn thc phm c cc k hiu 627 v 631 m
khng h thy bt ngt, chc chn l trong loi thc phm ny c cha Acid glutamic
(bt ngt) n di 1 dng khc.
2.1.3.2.
Mononatri glutamate( E621)
Tinh th rn dng que, khng mu, khng mi, khng dnh vo nhau, ri rc,
tan d dng trong nc, tan va phi trong cn.
Trang 17
Va c v ngt hoc hi mn.
Nhit nng chy 2320C
tan trong nc 74g/ml.

C10H12N5Na2O8P (khi lng mol 407.184 g/mol).
Mononatri glutamate: Thng c gi l bt ngt hay m chnh, l mui natri

ca acid glutamic.
Tc dng iu v, vi liu lng hp l, bt ngt c th gip tang cng cho
cc v khc, lm hi ho v lm trn v.
2.1.3.3.
Disodium succinate
Disodium succinate dng rn, mu trng, khng mi. L cht iu v
dng nhiu trong sn xut thc phm nh gia v, nc tng.
Nhit si 1840C, nhit nng chy 2350C.
Cng thc phn t ca Disodium succinate:

C4H6O4 (khi lng mol 118.09g/mol).
Cng thc cu to ca Disodium succinate:
Trang 18
2.1.4. Cht to ngt tng hp

V ngt l mt trong nhng v quan trng nht i vi mt sn phm thc phm, cc
cht to ngt thng lm tng mc a thch cm quan ca ngi tiu dng i vi
mt sn phm no .
2.1.4.1.
Acesulfame K
Acesulfame K l cht to ngt khng sinh nng lng c s dng ph bin.

Acesulfame K l tn vit tt cho mui potassium ca 6-methyl-1,2,3oxathiazine-4(3)-one-2,2-dioxide.
nhit phng, Acesulfame K l tinh th dng bt, mu trng, khng mi,
ngt hn gp 150- 200 ln so vi sucrose. Acesulfame K khng phi l cht d ht
m, chng b phn hu khi un nhit cao trn 2350C. Tan hon ton trong nc
v hnh thnh nn dung dch trung tnh.
Cng thc phn t ca Acesulfame K:
C4H4NO4KS (khi lng mol 201.2g/mol).
Cng thc cu to ca Acesulfame K:
2.1.4.2.
Aspartame
Aspartame l methyl ester ca L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine. Aspartame c

cu to t cc amino acid phenylalanine v aspartic aicd. Cc amino acid ny c th
c sn xut nh qu trnh ln men.
Cng thc phn t: C14H18N2O5 (khi lng mol 294.30 g/mol)
Cng thc cu to:
Trang 19
Aspartame l tinh th bt trng khng mi c v ngt, tan t trong nc v

alcohol. Aspartame ngt hn 150-200 ln sucrose v cung cp 4kgcal/g, di iu
kin m, nhit , pH nht nh.
Aspartame cung cp v ngt ging ng ma nhng khng ph hp s
dng trong nhiu loi thc phm, l cht to ngt c a chung hng u cho cc
sn phm nc gii kht...
Liu lng s dng: Qu trnh trao i cht aspartame to ra 50%
phenylalanine, 40% aspartic v 10% methanol. Liu lng ti a cho php s dng
aspartic c tnh ton bng nhiu phng php khc nhau, theo , i vi tr em,
liu dng c chp nhn khong 10mg/kg th trng v ngi n king l 8mg/kg th
trng trong khi gi tr ADI l 40mg/kg th trng.
Vit Nam, theo quyt nh 3742/2001/Q-BYT Ngy 31/08/2001 ca b
trng y t, gii hn ti a aspartame trong thc phm.
2.1.4.3.
Dextrose monohydrate
Cng thc phn t: C6H12O6.H2O

Cng thc cu to:
Dng bt mu trng, khng mi v, to ngt.

Dextrose monohydrate c v ngt 60%-70% ca ng ma, v vy n c
dng trong thc phm, bnh ngt, ung, dc phm. C tc dng lm mm cc
loi thc phm kh nhng vn gi nguyn hng v. N c s dng rng ri trong
ung v thc n lnh.
Dextrose monohydrate thu c bng vic thu phn enzyme ca tinh bt ri
sau tinh ch tip v kt tinh t dung dch to ra Dextrose. Dextrose monohydrate l
loi bt mu trng, c v ngt. N ph bin trong cc sn phm dc phm v nng
lng..
Trang 20
2.1.5. Mch nha

Mch nha c thnh phn ch yu l Maltoza, Amylaza, Dextrin, Phospholipid,
Glucose, cht bo, lecithin, Vitamin B, C, c tc dng l cht iu v, cht n tng
khi lng sn phm, ng thi lm tng cht kt dnh, to rn chc, nhn bng
cho vin gia v.
Hnh 2: Mch nha

Bng 2.3. Tiu chun cht lng ca mch nha
Tn tiu chun
Yu cu
pH
4,5 - 5,5
DE
40 - 45%
Maltoza
55 - 65%
Cht khong
75 - 85%
Dextrin
12%
4 - 5%
Tro
1 - 2,5%
chua
100
Tiu chun cm quan: mu vng nht hoc khng mu, khng ln tp cht, c
dnh nht nh, c ngt du.
2.1.6. Gum
Trang 21
Gum l cht rn, khng mu,khng mi, khng v c dng trong sn xut vin
gia v, lm cht n nh v cht nh ha c tnh keo dnh. Gum c tc dng chng oxi
ha, n nh nguyn liu khi nh hnh, lm tng dai, mt cho vin gia v.
2.1.7. Cht bo
Ngun gc: c sn xut t ng vt v thc vt, tn ti di 2 dng: lng v
c.
Shortening(cht bo cng): Ngun gc t thc vt, nh qu trnh hydro ha
lm cht bo cha no th lng tr thnh cht bo no c dng c. Nhit nng
chy cao 42-48oC, hm lng cht bo >90%, m 1,5%, ch s Acid
<1,5%mg/KOH/g. Mu trng, khng mi.
Hnh 3: Shortening
M: M c mua ti nhng ni m bo uy tn, cht lng. M dng chit
hng c trong nguyn liu tho mc v tinh du tan tt trong cht bo.
Trong sn xut, thng dng 2 loi m l m heo v m b v:
Bn nhiu ngoi th trng, gi r, n nh.
ng c nhit thng, gi c hng, trnh bay hi.
M heo: M phi ti c mu trng trong, khng b i, khng c tp
cht, khng cha nhiu nc, khng c mi l. Sau , tin hnh x l, ct nh ri gia
nhit a v trng thi lng. Dch m ny phc v cho qu trnh sn xut.
M b: C mu vng ng, khng b i, khng c mi l. M sau khi
mua v c x l nhit a v trng thi lng, thun tin cho cc qu trnh tip
theo.
Trang 22
2.1.8.
Qu
Sau khi ch bin thnh mnh nh dy t 1mm tr ln, di trn 50 cm, thng cun
trn thnh ng. Mt ngoi mu nu n mu xm, c cc l v v vt cun l. Mt
trong mu nu hi n nu sm, nhn. D b gy, mt b mu nu , c t si.
Mi thm c trng, v cay ngt.
Hnh 4: Qu
Thnh phn ha hc: tinh du qu (hm lng >1%), thnh phn chnh ca tinh
du l aldehyd cinnamic, cc thnh phn cinnamylacetat, cinnamylalcol lm gim gi
tr tinh du.Trong v qu c cc hp cht diterpenoid, phenyl glycosid, cht nhy, cc
hp cht flavonoid, tanin, coumari.
2.1.9.
inh hng
L mt loi thc vt trong h o kim nng (Myrtaceae) c cc chi hoa khi

phi kh c mi thm. N c ngun gc Indonesia v c s dng nh 1 loi gia
v gn nh trong mi nn vn ha m thc.
Hnh 5: inh hng

Trang 23
inh hng c th dng trong nu n dng nguyn vn hay dng nghin

bt, nhng do n to mi rt mnh nn ch cn dng rt t. Gia v lm t inh hng
c dng khp Chu u v Chu cng nh c thm vo trong 1 s loi thuc l
(gi l Kretek) Indonesia v thnh thong cc qun c ph ti phng Ty. inh
hng cn l 1 nguyn liu quan trng trong sn xut cc loi hng dng Trung
Quc hay Nht Bn. Tinh du inh hng c s dng trong iu tr bng xoa bp
du thm. Du inh hng c s dng rng ri trong iu tr au rng.
2.1.10. i hi
L mt loi cy gia v c mi thm tng t nh cy tiu hi. i hi l mt
thnh phn ca ng v hng truyn thng trong cch nu n ca ngi Trung Quc.
N cng l 1 thnh phn c s dng trong nu nc dng cho mn ph ca ngi
Vit Nam.
i hi cha alnethol(C10H12O), cng thnh phn tng t to ra mi v nh
cy tiu hi.
Hnh 6: i hi
2.1.11. Trn b
V Qut c phi hay sy kh cng lu nm cng tt nn gi l Trn b. V
thuc cn c tn l Qung trn b, Tn hi b. N c v cay, ng, tnh n.
Trong v qut c khong 1,5-2% tinh du, trong ch yu c: Limolene,
lopropenyl
toluene,
Elemene,
Copaneme,
Humulence,
Beta-
sesqui
phellandrene,Anpha-humuleol acetate, hesperidin, Caroten, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin

B1, C.
Trang 24
Tinh du ca Trn b c tc dng kch thch nh i vi ng tiu ha gip

cho rut bi kh ra d dng, tng tit dch v c li cho tiu ha, c tc dng lm gin
c trn.
Hnh 7: Trn b
2.1.12. Ti, hnh
Ti l 1 loi thc vt c con ngi s dng lm gia v, thuc, rau.Phn hay
c s dng nht ca c cy ti l c ti. Ti c cho l c tnh cht khng sinh v
tng kh nng phng nga ung th, chng huyt p cao, m mu ngi. Tuy nhin
cn bc v ti v trong khng kh 1 lt ri n sng th s c hiu qu chng ung th
cao hn.
Hnh 8: Ti
Thnh phn ha hc trong 100g ti
Nc: 66,7%
Protit: 6%
Gluxit: 23,5%
Trang 25
Xenlulose: 1,5%
Tro: 135%
Ca: 24mg/%
P: 181mg/%
Fe: 1,5mg/%
Tng calo cho 100g ti l 121 calo.

Thnh phn ha hc trong 100g hnh c
Nc 92,3%
Protit: 1,5%
Gluxit: 4,8%
Xenlulose: 0,7%
Tro: 0,7%
Ca: 32mg/%
P: 49mg/%
Fe: 0,7mg/%
Caroten:0,03mg/%
B1: 0,03 mg/%
B2: 0,03 mg/%
PP: 0,04 mg/%
Trong 100g c hnh c 121 calo
Hnh 9: Hnh tm
Trang 26
Quy trnh s ch
Hnh, ti
Chn la
Lt v
Nc
Ra
Nc
Phi
Xay
Phi m
Lc
Xc hnh,
ti phi
M cha hng
hnh, ti
Thuyt minh quy trnh
Nguyn liu: Hnh, ti c thu mua t cc ch u mi v cc ca hng nng

sn thc phm. Ti dng ly hng ti v tinh du ti, tht ti lm gia v c mi
hng c trng v c tnh st khun.
Chn la: La chn nhng c hnh, ti tt (mu trng ng, t chn, mng
v, chc u, khng b lp,...) ph hp cho quy trnh sn xut nhm m bo cht
lng sn phm v an ton v sinh thc phm, v loi b nhng c hnh, ti h hng.
Ra: Loi b t, tp cht bn, bi v 1 phn vi sinh vt bm trn c hnh, ti.
Phi: Lm kh c hnh, ti tng nng cht kh nht nh.
Trang 27
Xay: C hnh, ti c xay nhuyn theo kch thc (khong 1-3mm), trch
ly hng d dng cng on sau.
Phi m: V tinh du hnh ti tan trong cht bo nn s dng m phi ti,
trch ly hng trong c hnh, ti.
Lc: Dng li lc bng inox tch phn xc hnh, ti ra khi dch lc. Dch
sau khi lc xong c mi thm hng hnh, ti.
2.1.13. S:
S c trng kh ph bin nng thn, nht l trong cc vn thuc gia nh
v trm y t x, t ng bng n min ni. Cy cn c pht trin quy m nng
trng ti Thi Nguyn, Vnh Phc, k Lk,Ty Ninh ct tinh du xut khu.
Trong thc phm, s l 1 hng v quen thuc c dng n sng hoc tm
p cho thm cc mn n.
Hnh 10: S
Trang 28
Quy trnh s ch.

S
Nc
Phn loi, lm sch
Nc
Lm ro
Ct nh
M
Phi m
Lc
Xc s
Dch trch ly
hng s
Thuyt minh quy trnh

S: c mua ti ch u mi v ca hng nng sn thc phm. S c cha
tinh du, c mi rt thm c s dng lm gia v, s ch v trch ly ly tinh du
trong s.
Phn loi, lm sch: Lm sch s, phn loi s t tiu chun, c mi thm c
trng.
Lm kh: S c lm ro v lm gim lng nc theo tiu chun ch bin.
Ct nh: Mc ch lm nh s chun b cho vic trch hng cng on
sau.
Phi m: Trch ly hng s sau khi phi m.
Sn phm: Hng s sau khi ch bin phi t cht lng theo yu cu.
Trang 29
2.1.14.
t
Bng 2.4. Thnh phn ca t
Thnh phn
T l
Nc
82,6%
Protein
2,9%
Cht bo
0,6%
Cacbon hydrat
6,1%
Cht v c
1%
Khong
0,03%
Ca
0,08%
0,0012%
Fe
1,11%
S quy trnh x l t:
t
Phn loi
Nc
Lm sch
Nc
Hp
Nc
Xay th
Nc
Xay mn
Nu
Dch t
Trang 30
Thuyt minh s :
Phn loi: t chn, tri to, khng c su, khng h thi, khng ln tp cht.
Lm sch: Dng nc sch ra k loi cht bn v vi sinh vt bm trn t.
Sau khi ra xong phi khng cn vt bn, khng cn su b bm trn t.Ch eo
gng tay.
Hp: t sau khi ra sch c cht ln khay v a vo t hp, tin hnh cp
nhit bng hi n nhit 100-110oC trong vng khong 25-30 pht tiu dit ht
vinh sinh vt, c ch enzyme lm h hng tri.
Xay th: t sau khi hp a vo my xay kh tin hnh phn nh t, to
thun li cho qu trnh xay mn, m bo t c xay mn hon ton.
Xay mn: t c xay th xong s c a qua my xay mn, xay n khi
thnh dng st ri nu, sau s a vo sn xut.
Hnh 11: t sau khi hp

2.1.15. Gng
Gng c cha tinh du, thnh phn trong du l Zingiberol, zingiberene,
nonanal, borneol, chavicol, citra, methylheptenone. Tnh cay m, c tc dng tng
cng tun hong huyt dch, kch thch tit dch v, hng phn rut, xc tin tiu ha,
cha cm lnh, bun nn, ho do lnh.
Hnh 12. Gng

Trang 31
S quy trnh x l gng.

Gng
Nc
Ra
Nc
Ct lt
Phi kh
Phi m
Lc
Xc gng
Dch cha
hng gng
Thuyt minh quy trnh
Gng: c mua ti ch u mi v ca hng nng sn thc phm. C mu

nht, mi thm c trng.
Ra: Loi b tp cht v 1 phn vi sinh vt bm trn gng.
Ct lt: Gng phi c xt thnh lt c kch thc khong 2-5mm. Mc ch
lm nh gng chun b cho qu trnh trch hng.
Phi kh: Lm gim lng nc trong gng theo tiu chun ch bin.
Phi m: ly hng trong gng.
Lc: Loi b b phi.
Sn phm: Dch sau khi lc xong phi c mi hng c trng ca gng.
2.1.16. Cht iu chnh pH
2.1.16.1.
Acid citric(E330)
Trang 32
Acid citric c coi l an ton s dng thc phm cc quc gia trn th gii.
N l mt thnh phn t nhin c mt hu ht cc vt th sng, lng d Acid citric
s b chuyn ha v o thi khi c th.
Acid citric l mt acid hu c thuc loi yu v n thng c tm thy trong
cc loi tri cy thuc h cam qut nhng trong tri chanh th hm lng ca n c
tm thy nhiu nht, theo c tnh Acid citric chim khong 8% khi lng kh ca
tri chanh. N l cht bo qun thc phm t nhin v c thm vo thc n v
ung to v chua.
nhit phng, acid citric l cht bt kt tinh mu trng. N c th tn ti
di dng khan(khng cha nc) hay di dng ngm mt phn t
nc(monohydrat). Dng khan ca acid citric kt tinh t nc nng, trong khi dng
monohydrate hnh thnh khi acid citric kt tnh t nc lnh. Dng monohydrate c
th chuyn ho thnh dng khan khi nung nng ti trn 740C.
Tn theo IUPAC: Acid 2-hydroxypropan-1,2,3 -tricacboxylic
Tn thng thng: Acid chanh
Cng thc phn t: C6H8O7
Cng thc cu to:
Hnh dng: tinh th mu trng

Nhit nng chy: 1530C
Nhit si: 1750C (phn hy)
Vi vai tr l 1 cht ph gia thc phm, Acid citric c dng lm gia v, cht
bo qun thc phm v ung, c bit l nc gii kht, n mang m s E330.
Mui citrat ca nhiu kim loi c dng vn chuyn cc khong cht trong cc
thnh phn ca cht n king vo c th.
Trang 33
2.1.17.
Natri benzoate (E211)
Cng thc ha hc: C6H5COONa

Cng thc phn t:
Phn t gram: 144.11g/mol

T trng: 1.497 g/cm3
im nng chy: 3000C
Acid (pKa):8
im bt la: 1000C
Nhit t chy: 5000C
Natri Benzoate dng tinh th trng, khng mi, d tan trong nc.
N l mui natri ca Acid benzoic v tn ti dng ny khi ha tan trong
nc.
Mc ch s dng: natri benzoat l mt cht bo qun thc phm, c tc dng
khng khun, chng nm mc, tc dng tt khi thc phm c mi trng acid yu.
Gii hn cho php dng trong vin gia v 1g/1kg.
2.1.18. Acid sorbic
Cng thc ha hc : C6H8O2
Cng thc cu to ha hc: Acid-hexa-2, 4-dienoic
Phn t gram: 112.13g/mol
im nng chy: 1350C
Acid (pKa):4.76 250C
im si: 2280C(dec)
Acid sorbic l hp cht hu c c s dng nh 1 cht bo qun thc phm.
Ch s INS: E200
Trang 34
Acid sorbic l tc nhn chng li s pht trin ca cc vi sinh vt, c s

dng nh cht bo qun trong thc phm v cc loi ung chng li s pht
trin ca nm men, nm mc. Thng thng cc loi mui ca Acid sorbic nh
sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, calcium sorbate c s dng rng ri hn do d
tan trong nc hn so vi trng thi acid. pH ti u cho vic c ch hot ng ca vi
sinh vt l di 6.5.
2.1.19. Tiu
H tiu l loi dy leo, thn di, nhn khng mang lng, bm vo cc cy khc
bng r. Thn mc cun, mang l mc cch. Khi chn, rng c chm.Qu hnh cu
nh, chng 20-30 qu trn 1 chm, lc u mu xanh lc, sau c mu vng, khi chn
c mu .
Mt na cc h tiu xanh, vng hay s cung cp ti hn 230% nhu cu
canxi 1 ngy/1 ngi. Trong tiu c 1,2-2% tinh du, 5-9% piperin v 2,2-6%
chanvixin. Piperin v chanvixin l 2 loi ankaloit c v cay hc lm cho tiu c v cay.
Trong tiu cn c 8% cht bo, 36% tinh bt v 4% tro.
Tiu thm, cay nng v kch thch tiu ha, rt giu cht chng oxi ha, chng
hn nh beta carotene gip tng cng h min dch v ngn nga s hy hoi cc t
bo, gy ra cc cn bnh ung th v tim mch.
Tiu s dng trong vin gia v to s cay nng t nhin, mi thm c trng
cho sn phm vin gia v.Tiu phi ti, mn, kh, khng ln tp cht, c ht nh hn
0.2mm
V cay: 5%
Mi thm: 3%
m: 10-12%.
Trang 35
Bng 2.5. Thnh phn ca tiu.

Cc cht
Tiu en (%)
Tiu trng (%)
Cht khong
4,51
1,62
T l % ca tiu en / tiu
trng
36
Cht m
11,67
11,71
97
Glucose
16,49
6,53
39
Cht ng bt
42,45
62,30
146
Cht bo
8,10
9,21
116
Tinh du
1,56
1,86
11
Piperin
9,20
8,59
94
Nha
1,58
1,19
78
2.1.20. Mm ruc, mm tm.

Mm tm l loi mm c lm ch yu t tm v mui n, qua qu trnh ln
men to mi v v mu sc c trng.
Mm tm thng thng c 3 dng: c, st v lng. Ba dng ny ch khc
nhau t l mui v qu trnh phi nng.
Qu trnh ln men mm tm bt buc phi s dng chnh loi enzyme c trong
rut ca loi gip xc ny ln men, cc vi khun phn hy khc phi b kim ch
bng nng mui kh cao trong mm tm. Nh hng v chnh ca mm tm l
hng v ca enzyme ny to ra.
Mm tm c mt trong nhiu mn n dn d min qu nh c pho dm mm
tm, nm rau mung, gi heo gi cy. V c bit hn l mm tm khng th thiu
trong mn bn riu, bn thang.. .to nn mi v c trng cho nhng mn n ny.
Mm ruc l dng mm lm t ruc. Tuy nhin, mu sc v mi v khng
ging vi mm tm. Mm ruc khng tanh bng mm tm, c th pha thm nc khi
lm nc chm v dng lm gia v khi nu canh rau trong m thc Vit Nam.
Trang 36
Bng 2.6 Thnh phn dinh dng ca mm ruc
pH
7.2-7.8
Tro(tng cng) %
20-27.6
m (%)
27-40
Carbohydrate tng cng (%)
0.5
Mui, theo Sodium chloride
13-25.3
Cht bo (%)
1.4-2.6
Cht m (%)
28.7-40
Calcium (%)
2-3.4
St (%)
0.02
Thiamine
Vt
Riboflavin (%)
0.001
Niacin (%)
0.004
S quy trnh x l mm tm, mm ruc.
Mm tm,
mm ruc
Lc
C c
Nghin nh
Mm tm,
mm ruc
Trang 37
Thuyt minh quy trnh

Cng nh cc nguyn liu khc mm tm, mm ruc cng c thu mua t cc
ch u mi v.
Dng lc inox lc tch b ra khi mm thu c phn dung dch. em
phn dung dch i c c cho dung dch bc ht hi nc ta thu c mm tm
v mm ruc kh. Phn mm kh ny c xay nhuyn thnh bt mn trc khi em
bo qun. Khi no sn xut th ty vo loi sn phm vin gia v khc nhau m ta cn
lng mm thch hp phi trn.
Ta phi a mm tm, mm ruc t trng thi lng v trng thi bt kh l
thnh phn ny c phn b u hn trong hn hp khi nh trn lm nng cao cht
lng ca sn phm v mm tm hay mm ruc ch chim mt lng nh trong thnh
trong thnh phn ca vin gia v.
2.1.21. Me
Tht ca qu me c dng nh mt loi gia v trong m thc chu cng
nh chu M Latinh. Tht qu non rt chua, v th n rt thch hp trong cc mn n
chnh, trong khi tht ca qu chn c v ngt hn v c th s dng nh l mt loi
trng ming, lm ung. Tri me chn c dm ra pha vi nc chm to hng v
c bit, ngoi ra n cn c dng trong mn canh chua.
Hnh 13: Me
2.1.22. Ht iu mu
Ht iu mu hay cn gi l iu nhum, c-ri (danh php khoa hc: Bixa
orellana) l mt loi cy bi hay cy g nh thuc h iu nhum (Bixaceae), c
ngun gc t khu vc nhit i ca chu M. N l ngun cung cp chnh cho mt
Trang 38
loi cht mu t nhin, goi l annatto c mu vng , c sn xut t qu. iu

nhum c hoa mu hng v qu c gai mu ti, cha cc ht mu . Qu khng
n c nhng c thu hoch thy ht, trong c cha cht bixin, thnh phn
chnh ca annatto. N c th c chit ra bng cch ngm ht vo trong nc. N
c dng to mu thc phm v gn nh khng v.
Qu cha nhiu vitamin A ( khong 3,2g cho mi 100g qu), ngoi ra cn c
nhiu Selenium, Magie, Canxi.
Hnh 14: Ht iu mu
S quy trnh s ch ht iu mu.
Ht iu
mu
Lm sch
Nc
Trch ly mu
Lc
B
Dch mu
Trang 39
Thuyt minh quy trnh
Ht iu mu: c thu mua ti ch v vn chuyn v cng ty

Lm sch: Nhm tch cc tp cht cn st li, loi b ht h hng, su b.
Trch ly mu: Trch ly cht mu c trong ht.
Lc: Lc b phn xc ht iu, thu ly dch mu.
Sn phm: phn dch mu thu c sau khi lc b.
Mc cht lng ca nguyn liu v thnh phm
Tiu chun cht lng nguyn liu sn xut gia v vin ( Ban hnh theo quy
nh quy trnh kinh t k thut nm 2003 ca Gim c x nghip ).
Cc loi tho mc kh:
Yu cu chung: kho sch khng c nm mc, su mt, m < 5%.

Tho qu: qu kh, kch thc 2 - 3 cm, hnh bu dc, mu trng n nu, ht
u chc, mi thm du, c trng.
i hi: cnh to u, t lp, mu nu , mi thm, v the.
Qu: v cay ngt, thm mi c trng, v chc, khng xp.
Gng: cay, thm, rut mu en, khng b x.
Trn b (v qut kh):v the, mi thm du, v mu vng nu.
Cc loi tho mc ti
Gm: hnh, ti, s, gng, ng gai, rau m, ....

Yu cu chung: t chn, gi theo tng loi, khng b h ng, t tp cht.
Ti: loi ti ta, mu vng nu nh tm, mng v, tp chc u khng b lp.
Hnh: loi hnh ta, mu tm, v kh, khi nhp v cn ct b r, c h ng, t tp
cht.
S: c to, gi, sm mu, l c ct ngn khong 10cm, mi thm c trng.
Gng: mu vng nht, ti, t x cn nguyn v.
Rau m, ng gai: l ti xanh, khng b ho a, mi thm c trng.
M b, m heo
M b: ng trong bao kh, sch, mu ti sng, vt ct phng, nhn,
khng tp cht.
M heo: ng trong bao kh, sch, vt ct phng, nhn, khng tp cht.
Trang 40
iu kin vn chuyn, kim tra, x l, bo qun nguyn liu v thnh
phm
V nguyn liu
Ty theo ma v hng nm ca tng nguyn liu m cng ty s b tr tng

phng tin v cch thu mua ring ph hp vi iu kin c th v m bo lch
sn xut ca cng ty.
Nguyn liu c thu mua ti nhng ni trng hoc qua nhng c s mua bn
trung gian. Ni cung cp nguyn liu phi m bo cht lng nguyn liu theo yu
cu ca cng ty .
Nguyn liu sau khi nhp v s c x l ring ph hp vi tng nguyn liu,
c kim tra xem c t yu cu cht lng hay khng. Nhn vin k thut s kim
tra v mt cm quan ca nguyn liu ri nguyn liu s c a qua khu x l
a vo sn xut v bo qun.
Ngun nguyn liu theo ma v, lng d s c em i bo qun theo tng
phng php ring v c t tng khu vc ring cho tng nguyn liu. Ngun
nguyn liu d tr ny c dng trong sn xut khi ngun nguyn liu khan him,
gi thnh cao.
V thnh phm
Gia v sau khi v thng carton, tin hnh nhp kho, sau khi sn lng ca
tng mt hng th tin hnh xut kho. Hng tiu th ni a s c phn phi n cc
i l nh l, siu th a n tay ngi tiu dng. Sn lng xut khu s c
vn chuyn bng container a ra nc ngoi bng ng hng khng hoc ng
thy.
Do quy trnh sn xut hot ng theo HACCP nn t khu nhp nguyn liu
n thnh phm u c kim tra thng xuyn, nh k. Thnh phm trc khi xut
kho s c b phn kho hng kim tra v s lng, trng thi sn phm, quy cch ng
thng, con du KCS ri mi cho xut.
Sn phm tn kho, cn hn s dng s c em i ti ch theo k thut, sn
phm qu hn s dng s c x l b. Do cng ty hot ng theo n t hng
Trang 41
nn lng hng tn kho lun c kim sot, hn ch nn vic ti ch hay x l l rt

t.
Do khu gia v hot ng theo dy chuyn bn t ng, sn lng hn ch
mt mc no nn khng th cung cp sn phm theo n t hng ln trong
khong thi gian ngn. V vy, sn phm sau mi ca s c bo qun trong kho vi
iu kin kh ro, thng gi, thong mt, khng nh hng n cht lng sn phm
cho n khi s lng sn phm p ng theo n t hng ri mi tin hnh xut
kho. Trong kho bo qun, tng sn phm c khu vc ring, cc thng carton c xp
ngay ngn, m bo yu cu bo qun.
2.2.
Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut gia v vin.
Trang 42
2.2.1. S quy trnh cng ngh

Nguyn liu
Kim tra
X l
nh lng
Ph gia, cht
bo qun
Phi trn
Bao b
Dp vin
Kim tra
Kim tra
In date
Bao gi
Hng
tng hp
Kim tra
ng thng
Thnh phm
Thuyt minh quy trnh
Nguyn liu sau khi nhp v s c em i kim tra, nh gi v cm quan

loi b nhng nguyn liu khng t yu cu. Sau , nguyn liu c em vo kho
bo qun ch sn xut hoc em vo sn xut ngay.
Qu trnh x l nguyn liu v nh lng:
ng, mui, siu bt ngt c xay mn qu trnh trn d dng, lm
cho vin gia v c cu trc mn, ng nht.

Trang 43
Sau , nguyn liu s c em i nh lng theo tnh ton, yu cu
ca tng loi sn phm, m bo cht lng sn phm c ng u.
nh lng cc nguyn liu u vo cn nhm mc ch:
Chun b v to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh trn th v to s ng
u v cht lng gia cc m sn phm.
Nguyn liu c nh lng bng cn ng h, s dng loi cn 60kg
cn cc nguyn liu vi khi lng ln nh: ng, mui, bt ngti vi cc

nguyn liu ph nh ph gia s dng, mch nha, gum, m, cc loi hng. s dng
cn 1kg.
Cn nh lng nguyn liu ng t l theo yu cu.
Cn, dng c cha phi c v sinh sch s.
Phi trn
ng, mui, siu bt ngt, mch nha, hng tng hp c cho vo my
nh trn nhm mc ch:
Cht lng ca cc m sn phm c ng u.
Thnh phn, mu sc, m v trng thi ca sn phm n nh
m bo tnh c trng cho tng sn phm

Bng 2.7. T l nguyn liu trong phi trn
Thnh phn
T l
ng
28.8%
Mui
40.7%
Siu bt ngt
15.2%
Acid sorbic
0.1%
Natri benzoate
0.03%
Mch nha
6.1%
Hng
5.3%
Gum
1.1%
Cc thnh phn khc
2.67%
Trang 44
Sai s 5-7% ty theo tng sn phm.

to ra hng tng hp, cn phi chun b dch hng. Dch hng c sn
xut theo quy trnh sau:
Quy trnh chit dch hng
Nguyn liu
Kim tra
X l
nh lng
Ngm cn thm ln1
Nu (45 pht)
Ly tm ln I
B I
Ngm cn ln 2
C c I
Ly tm ln 2
C c II
B II
Dch hng
Trang 45
Thuyt minh quy trnh chit dch hng
Trn b, qu, i hi, inh hng sau khi nhp v c nh gi cm quan

m bo cht lng, sau em xay nhuyn ri ngm trong cn thm trong 48 gi
trch ly ht cc hp cht hng trong nguyn liu.
Tip theo, em hn hp nu trong 45 pht hp cht hng ha tan ht trong
dung mi cn thm. Sau , ly tm tch cn c hn hp dung dch ri cho vo ni
c c. B sau khi tch cn c ngm ln 2 vi cn thm qu trnh trch ly hng
c thc hin trit . B c em ly tm, phn dch thu c cho vo ni c c
chung vi phn dch ly tm ln 1.
Tin hnh c c ln 1, khi th tch dung dch trong ni cn 2/3 lc u th
chuyn dung dch sang ni c c 2. Phi tin hnh nh vy v ni 1 c in tr ln,
nhit cao nn th tch dung dch gim nhanh, nng cht kh tng nhanh lm
dung dch mt hng, bin tnh thm ch chy kht. V th cn phi chuyn dung dch
sang mt ni khc c in tr nh hn, sinh nhit thp hn tip tc c c.
Khi kim tra thy dung dch c mu xanh m v lng dch thu c cn
khong 4kg/60 lt dung dch trch ly ban u th dng qu trnh. Sn phm thu c
dung phi hng, sn xut ra hng tng hp.
2.2.1.1.
Qu trnh dp vin
Mc ch:
nh hnh cho sn phm
To iu kin thun li cho qu trnh bao gi sn phm To cm quan
tt cho sn phm
Hn hp nguyn liu c cho vo my dp vin, trong qu trnh dp vin, hn
hp nguyn liu c nh trn mt ln na cc thnh phn nguyn liu phn tn
u vo nhau.
Trong 15 pht, my p vin t ng dp c 1 thau 20kg hn hp nguyn liu
cho ra 5 mm hng. Mt mm hng c t 199 n 200 vin gia v.
Trong 1 pht my c th chy t 2 n 3 vng, mi vng cho ra 36 vin gia v.
Nng sut trung bnh 32000 vin/8 gi, tng ng 1000 hp/gi.
Trang 46
Vin gia v sau khi dp xong s c kim tra trng thi bn ngoi, cm quan
xem c t yu cu ca tng loi sn phm hay khng m bo cht lng sn
phm.
2.2.1.2.
Bao gi
Bao b gm c 2 lp. Lp trong l bao nhm ngn nga sn phm khng b

oxy ha, ht m, sm mu, chy nc. Lp ngoi l bao b giy do cng ty thit k v
t hng gia cng cng ty sn xut bao b, mc ch nhm bo qun sn phm, tng
gi tr cm quan, to thun li cho qu trnh v block, ng thng. Bao b c a
qua khu kim tra, sau tin hnh nh date ri a vo sn xut.
Mi ti nhm v c 4 vin gia v.
Sau cng on vo ti nhm, bn thnh phm s c kim tra xem m ghp c
kn, bao b c nguyn vn ngn nga h hng lm gim cht lng sn phm, m
bo kh nng bo qun.
Trn mi bao b hp giy vin gia v c ghi khi lng tnh 75g, trong :
Khi lng vin gia v: 73g
Khi lng bao b khong 2g
2.2.1.3.
Vo hp
Mc ch: Bo qun sn phm, tang gi tr cm quan v to iu kin thun

li cho qu trnh v block, p mng co.
Cch tin hnh
Mt block c 12 hp xp thnh 2 lp theo quy cch c quy nh.
Dng cc mng inox a cc hp xp block mng co.
Hnh 15: Hp gia v sau khi vo block.

Trang 47
2.2.1.4.
V block, ng thng
o Sau khi ng hp, tin hnh v block, mi block gm 12 hp. Sau dng ti
mng c bao li ri a qua my rt mng co.
o Nh hi nng ca my rt mng co, mng co s rt li bao st sn phm v c
nh sn phm to b mt phng, bng. Cc hp giy phi xp s lng 12
hp/block v c xp theo ng th t, quy cch nht nh.
o Tin hnh v thng, dn bng keo ri nhp kho. ng thng l giai on cui
ca qu trnh sn xut. Block vin gia v c xp th cng vo thng carton vi s
lng 12 block/thng. Sau khi dn bng keo, tin hnh ng du ngy sn xut v
hn s dng ca KCS, ghi r tn nhn vin kim tra.
2.2.2. Thit b chnh.
2.2.2.1.
My trn gia v
Hnh 16: My trn gia v
Nguyn l hot ng
Kim tra my, m np cho cc thnh phn cn phi trn vo, m cng tc cho
cnh khuy hot ng trn u cc thnh phn vi tc 60-120 vng/ pht. Khong
3-5 pht th tt my kim tra xem nguyn liu u, m t yu cu hay cha,
nu t yu cu k thut th a ra thau cha chun b cho qu trnh p vin. My trn
th trang b ng c in cng sut 2 HP, tc 1450 vng/pht. Nng sut trn
120kg/gi.
Trang 48
Quy trnh vn hnh

Cc bc chun b
V sinh bn trong v bn ngoi my, khu vc xung quanh my.
Kim tra cu dao chnh, cng tc ON/OFF ca my.
Chun b cc nguyn liu cn cho vo my.
To khong cch an ton, sch s, thng thong d thao tc.
Vn hnh my
ng cu dao chnh.
nguyn liu vo my tr, bt cng tc my chy.
Trong khi my chy, hn hp nguyn liu vo mng trn my trn
u hn hp trc khi p vin.
ng cng tc my, ly nguyn liu cn li mng trn ra thau.
V sinh my sau khi ngng vn hnh
Khi ht s dng my trn, ng cu dao chnh.
V sinh bn trong v bn ngoi my.
Dn dp v v sinh khu vc xung quanh my.
2.2.2.2.
My p vin gia v
S mt ct ca my p gia v
10
Trang 49
Trang 50
Bnh cha cn ra mm
Motor chy cnh ra mm
Phu np liu
Xi lanh p vin
Pittong
Motor quay mm
Bm nn 1
Bm nn 2
H thng ti nhit
10
Khun p
11
V tr np bt
12
V tr p
13
V tr ly bnh
14
V tr ra khun
15
Motor quay cnh khuy
16
Cnh khuy
17
Trc xoay mm
Nguyn l hot ng
Nguyn liu c vo phu np liu (3), bn di phu np liu l cnh khuy.

Ti y hn hp c cnh khuy nh ti v trn u nhau. Cnh khuy va c tc
dng trn nguyn liu, va c tc dng dn nguyn liu xung cc l khun trn mm
quay. ng c truyn ng cho mm quay n v tr phu np liu, ng thi
pittong (5) s nng ln to thnh y khun vi mi l khun c kch thc 2cm x
2,5cm x 2,5cm. Khi l khun i qua pha di phu np liu th nguyn liu c
cnh khuy dn xung khun. Ti y khi lng nguyn liu nn thnh 1 vin gia
v. Pittong tip tc c nng ln n v tr cao nht. Nh cc nam chm to lc
ht gia xi lanh ny bnh v xilanh ly bnh (13) y vin gia v ra, ng thi ben
co co nhng vin gia v nh hnh ra bng ti xung khay cha. Lc ny ngi
cng nhn vn hnh s nht ly nhng vin gia v t yu cu b vo khay v loi b
nhng vin khng t hon nguyn tr li phu np liu. Tip theo pittong vn c
duy tr qua khi v tr ny bnh v khi i qua v tr ly bnh c lau sch bng cn.
Khi vt qua khi v tr lm sch, pittong h xung n v tr thp nht v sau
pittong c nng ln n v tr phu np liu. Chu trnh ca pittong c th lp i lp
li theo chiu t tri sang phi. Tc mm quay ca trc p 3 vng/pht (1 vng 4
nhp, 1 nhp 4 vin). Thi gian p vin 1 m khong 20 pht.
Trang 51
Quy trnh vn hnh
- Cc bc chun b
V sinh my v xung quanh ni lm vic.
Kim tra tng con c vt thng l lng.
Bi trn du vo cc trc l xo, trc p v mm p, bc n ca thng
cp phi liu.
Kim tra h thng in v m my chy th xem n nh cha, nu
c trc trc ch no chnh sa ngay ch .

- Vn hnh my
nguyn liu vo thng cp phi liu.
Bt in chy my, xem kch thc vin gia v t yu cu cha, nu
cha chnh sa my li.
Xem trc con ln no dnh u cht bt gia v quanh trc l xo, dng
nc ra sch cht nht dnh ti ch .
My ang chy trc trc m khng chnh sa c phi bo ngay ngi
Gia ca lm vic (8 gi) my chy ht hng, nc si vo cc l
bo tr
cha ph liu, ra sch cho ti khi cc trc chy m.
Trnh ri ri phi liu v du nht d bn ti ni lm vic.
- V sinh my sau khi ngng vn hnh
Khi chy xong ht hng, tt cng tc iu khin my, thu gom sch phi
liu dnh trn my.
Tho thng cha phi liu v bn mm p em ra sch.
Dng nc si ra sch, lau kh my. Trnh khng nc ri vo
motor v dy curoa.
Lp rp thng cha v bn p vo my. Dn dp v lau chi sch s
xung quanh ni lm vic.
Trang 52
Hnh 17: My p gia v vin

2.2.2.3.
My p m chn khng
Nguyn tc hot ng
My hot ng da theo phng php sensor, my s c ci t t ng theo

nhn vin k thut lp trnh sn.
Vn hnh my
Ci t nhit theo thi gian, cc cun nhm s c lp vo cc ng v iu

chnh sensor ng nguyn tc.
Yu cu
Bao nhm khng b phng, mi ghp khng b rch, ghp m phi dnh cht vo
nhau.
S c
Mi ghp b rch, 2 m ghp khng dnh cht vo nhau.
Sn phm ghp m khng t yu cu th s em vo li bao nhm v
ghp m li ng thi iu chnh nhit ca my ghp m.
Trang 53
Hnh 18: My ghp m chn khng

2.2.2.4.
My nh date
Hnh 19: My nh date
Quy trnh vn hnh
V sinh my bn trong v bn ngoi
Kim tra h thng in, h thng bang chuyn chuyn ng trn my,
thng thong d thao tc.
Kim tra cu dao in, cng tc ca hp in.
Trang 54
Kim tra mc in ca my.
Bt cng tc ca thit b.
Ci t ngy cn in trn bao b vo trong my
Chuyn bao b ln bng chuyn t dng v bt u in.
V sinh my sau khi vn hnh
Khi in in ht bao b, ngt h thng in ca my.
V sinh sch s bn trong, bn ngoi my v khu vc xung quanh my.
Cun cun dy in ngun cho gn, ct my vo v tr ng qui nh.
2.2.2.5.
My rt mng co
Hnh 20. My rt mng co
Quy trnh vn hnh
Cc bc chun b:
V sinh my bn trong v bn ngoi
t my, rt mng co vo ng ni lm vic sch s, thong thong d thao tc.
Kim tra cu dao in, cng tc in ca hp in.
Vn hnh my
Chnh nhit ph hp vi mng co, chnh tc bng chuyn ph hp vi

nhit rt mng co.
Bt cng tc khi ng qut thi, bng chuyn, nhit .
Trang 55
Mng co bao thnh phm trc khi a vo my, cn t ngay ngn vo gia
bng chuyn.
u ra ca my phi t 1 bn ngay st my, hng mng co rt xong.
Nu mng co cha t yu cu, phi chnh li nhit v tc bng chuyn
cho ph hp.
Khi ht mng co, ngt h thng in ca my.

V sinh sch s bn trong, bn ngoi my v khu vc xung quanh my.
Cun cun dy in ngun cho gn, ct my vo v tr ng quy nh.
2.2.2.6. My dn thng
Quy trnh vn hnh
Cc bc chun b
V sinh my v khu vc xung quanh my, m bo thng thong khi vn hnh.
Kim tra h thng in, h thng bng chuyn chuyn ng trn my.
Chun b c bng keo cho ph hp c thng cn dn.
Lp rp bng keo phi ng hng dn ca nh sn xut, k c phn trn v
phn di
Trnh t qut thi trc tip vo ch dn bng keo.
Chi b dao ct bng keo bng cn sch s trnh r st.
Vn hnh my
iu chnh c ren cho ph hp vi loi thng cn dn c phn trn v hai bn

hng thng, iu chnh hai con ln p st hai bn hng thng.
Bc cng tc khi ng my.
Phi nn thng sao cho vung gc nhau. t thng p st mt my ri y vo
ngay gia ch dn cn sn.
Nu dn thng cha t yu cu th phi iu chnh li c ren cho ph hp vi
loi thng cn dn.
Trang 56
Khi dn ht thng ngt h thng in ca my.

V sinh ton b my: cc con ln, b phn dn bng keo trn v di, c ren
bi trn.
Lau chi hai b dao ct bng keo trn v di bng cn sch s trnh b r st.
V sinh bn ngoi v khu vc xung quanh my.
Cc s c thng gp v bin php khc phc
2.3.
Bng 2.8. Cc s c thng gp trong sn xut v bin php khc phc

STT
S c
Nguyn nhn
Bin php khc phc

nh lng cc thnh
Hn hp nguyn liu
Vin gia v b v,
cu trc khng cht
khng c trn u,
lng
nha
phi
vo
khng , my dp vin
gp s c
phn cho ph hp, trn

hn hp nguyn liu tht
u mi cho vo dp vin,
iu chnh bn quay ca
my dp vin c vn tc
ph
hp
vi
lng
nguyn liu i xung.

Kim tra bao b tht k
Sn phm b chy Do p m khng cht, trc khi a vo sn
2
nc, sm mu, hi nhit ghp m khng xut. iu chnh hm

du
, bao b b rch.
ghp v nhit ca my
ghp m.
Mch nha b vn cc
khng thm thu c
Hn hp nguyn liu
3
ri rc, khng kt
dnh c
vi cc nguyn liu khc.

Phi
trn
mch
nha
khng c ti long,
trc tip mch nha m
khng ha tan dn n
To dung dch mch nha

c kt dnh cao, mu
sc ng nht vi cc
nguyn liu khc, cn
phi pha long mch nha.
hin tng phi trn
Trang 57
khng u.
Trong
qu
trnh
nghin, nguyn liu

ng,
mui,
bt
ngt v tiu c kch

thc khng ng
u, khi
4
phi trn ti xp
khng
ng
u,
khng
thm
thu
cc
Thay i kch thc ca

Kch thc l li ln l li nghin ng nht
khng t tiu chun
mn ph hp vi
tiu chun.
nguyn
liu vi nhau dn
n to s kt dnh
khng cao.
Gim lu lng nguyn
Khi p vin cc vin
5
to
ra
khng
trng lng
Cnh khuy yu v lu liu xung p vin

lng nguyn liu qu gia v, ng thi cho cc
nhiu dn n hin tng vin p khng t yu
kt khun
cu hi lu li trn
tinh v p vin tr li.
Vin gia v b xp,

6
mm, khng cht,

khng
trng
lng
7
m ca nguyn liu Gia m cho nguyn liu

qu thp, khng kt t c m ti thiu
dnh vo nhau.
to lin kt vi nhau.
Vin gia v thng Trong qu trnh my hot V

b dnh vo my
ng lin tc
sinh
my
thng
xuyn.
Mt s bin php phng nga m bo cht lng sn phm v m bo nng

sut nh my:
Qua phn tch kho st cc s c thng gp v bin php khc phc trn, sau y
l cc bin php phng nga nhng nguyn nhn trn:
Trang 58
Thit b phi c ch to bng thp khng g, m bo v sinh an ton thc

phm.
Thit b c cu to d dng cho qu trnh v sinh
Thit b p ng c yu cu ca quy trnh sn xut.
Sn phm c sn xut c n nh cao.
m bo an ton khi s dng thit b
Thit b c bn cao.
2.4.
Ch tiu cht lng cm quan ca sn phm gia v vin
Gm 3 ch tiu: cm quan, ha l, vi sinh.

2.4.1.
Ch tiu cm quan
Bng 2.9. Ch tiu cm quan ca sn phm gia v vin
STT
Tn ch tiu
Yu cu
Trng thi
Mu sc
Mu sc ng u, c trng cho tng loi sn phm.
Mi v
Mi thm c trng cho tng loi sn phm.
tan
Tan tt trong nc si
Tp cht
Khng c
Rn chc khng chy nc, hnh dng ng u, cc gc

cnh u sc nt, b mt lng bong.
Trang 59
2.4.2.
Ch tiu ha l
Bng 2.10. Ch tiu ha l ca sn phm gia v vin
Cc ch tiu
n v tnh
Cht lng ng k
> 12
Hm lng glucid
>20
Hm lng lipide
>4
Hm lng mui
>38
Ch s peroxide
<2
5,5 - 5,6
pH
Hm lng kim loi nng
2.4.3.
As
Ppm (mg/kg)
Pb
Ppm (mg/kg)
Cu
Ppm (mg/kg)
30
Sn
Ppm (mg/kg)
40
Zn
Ppm (mg/kg)
40
Hg
Ppm (mg/kg)
0,05
Cd
Ppm (mg/kg)
Sb
Ppm (mg/kg)
Ch tiu vi sinh
Bng 2.11. Ch tiu vi sinh ca sn phm gia v vin
Cc ch tiu
n v tnh
Cht lng ng k
Tng s vi khun hiu kh
Khun lc/g
< 104
Coliform
Khun lc/g
10-2
Escherichia coli
Khun lc/g
Staphylococcus aureus
Khun lc/g
Staphylococcus poecali
Khun lc/g
Clostridium pefrigenns
Khun lc/g
10
Tng s bo t nm mc
Khun lc/g
10
Trang 60
2.5.
Cc loi sn phm gia v.
Hin nay c tt c 17 loi sn phm: ph b, ph g, bn b hu, b kho, kho tiu,

canh chua, bn mm, bn c, bn riu, h tiu nam vang, vt tim, honh thnh, lu
thi, bnh canh, bn mng vt, m qung, g xo s t.
Vin gia v ph b
Thnh phn: mui n, ng ct, bt tht b c c (0,4%), m, ti, hnh,

gng, tiu, i hi, qu, inh hng, trn b, gm guar.
Cht bo qun: Benzoat natri (211). Acid sorbic (200)
Cht iu v: monoglutamate natri (621), dinatri 5-inosinate (631), dinatri 5guanilate (627), disodiume succinate
Cht iu chnh acid: acidt citric (330).
Hm lng dinh dng/75g sn phm Protide > 0,88g Lipid > 3,7g
Hm lng glucid >27,9g
Vin gia v ph g
Trang 61
Thnh phn: mui n, ng ct, bt tht g c c (0,6%), du c , ti, hnh,

gng, tiu, qu, trn b, gm guar.
Cht iu v: monoglutamate natri (621), dinatri 5-inosinate (631), dinatri 5guanilate (627), disodiume succinate (364i).
Gi tr dinh dng/75g sn phm
Hm lng protid > 0,5g
Hm lng lipid > 3g
Hm lng glucid > 28g
Vin gia v bn riu cua.
Thnh phn: mui n, ng ct, m, du c, bt cua c c (0,1%), ti, hnh,

ht iu mu, me, t, mm tm, gm guar.
Cht bo qun: Benzoat natri (211), Acid sorbic (200)
Cht iu v: monoglutamate natri (621), dinatri 5-inosinate (631), dinatri 5guanilate (627), disodiume succinate (364i)
Mu tng hp : sunset yellow (110)
Cht iu chnh acid: acid citric (330)
Hm lng dinh dng/75g sn phm
Trang 62
Hm lng lipid > 3g

Hm lng glucid > 28g
Vin gia v b kho.
Thnh phn: : mui n, ng ct, m, s, bt b kho (0,5%), ti, hnh, ht

iu mu, qu, l thm, gm gua (412)
Cht to ngt tng hp: acesulfam K (950), aspartame (951)
Hm lng lipid > 3,6g
Hm lng glucid > 29,5g.
Vin gia v lu thi
Trang 63
Thnh phn: mui n, ng ct, m, du c, tinh bt b (0,2%), s, hnh, ht

iu mu, me, t, c chua, c ging, l chanh, gm guar.
Hm lng lipid > 3g
Hm lng glucid > 28,7g
Vin gia v h tiu nam vang
Thnh phn: mui n, ng ct, m, du c, bt tht heo (0,5%), ti, hnh,

tiu, bt m, ci tho, gm guar.
Hm lng lipid > 3,6g
Hm lng glucid > 33,4g
Trang 64
Vin gia v bn b hu
Thnh phn: mui n, ng ct, m, du c, bt tht c c, ti, s, hnh, ht

iu mu, t, mm ruc, gm guar.
Hm lng protid > 1g
Hm lng lipid > 3g
Hm lng glucid > 27g
Vin gia v kho tiu
Thnh phn: mui n, ng ct, m, du c, ti, hnh, tiu (0,1%), gng,

nc mm, gm guar
Trang 65

Hm lng lipid > 3,2g
Hm lng glucid > 29,7g.
2.6.
Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut 3 loi gia v vin.
2.6.1. Quy trnh sn xut vin gia v ph b.
Quy trnh chit hng
Trang 66
Nguyn liu
Phn loi
Xay th
Xay mn
Trch ly
Cn, m heo, m b
Nu ln I
Ly tm
Lc
Chit
Dch lc
Dch chit
Nu ln II
Hng, mu
Phi trn
Dch cha
hng ph b
Thuyt minh quy trnh
Nguyn liu: inh hng, i hi, qu, trn b, s, l chanh, m b...
Trang 67
Phn loi: Nguyn liu sau khi c nhp v c phn loi loi b nhng
nguyn liu khng t tiu chun.
Xay th: Qu, inh hng, i hi, trn b sau khi phn loi c em i xay th.
Mc ch: lm nh 1 phn nguyn liu.
Xay mn: Sau khi nguyn liu xay th c em i xay mn. Mc ch: nghin
mn hon ton cc nguyn liu gip cho qu trnh trch ly c tt hn.
Trch ly:
Qu, inh hng, i hi, trn b sau khi xay mn c em i trch ly. Cch
tin hnh: cho 4 loi nguyn liu xay mn vo thng ngm trong cn vi khong
thi gian l 48h (nu hng gp th c th rt ngn thi gian l 24h) c th trch ly
cc tinh cht c trong nguyn liu.
S, l chanh sau khi phi kh v xay dp c em i nu trong dung mi l
m b trch ly tinh du c trong s v l chanh.
Nu ln I: Sau khi trch ly dch trch c em i nu trong khong thi gian 45
pht. Mc ch: trch ly cc tinh cht c trong nguyn liu c ti a.
Ly tm: Dch sau khi nu c c a qua qu trnh ly tm tch ring phn
dch lng v phn b.
Lc: Phn dch lng sau khi ly tm c em i lc loi b cc cht rn cn
st li trong qu trnh ly tm.
Chit: Dch sau khi lc s em qua qu trnh chit loi b cn c trong dch
lc.
Nu ln II: Sau qu trnh chit s em i nu ln 2.
Mc ch: Loi b hon ton cn c trong dch chit v c c chun
b cho qu trnh phi trn .

Phi trn: Dch sau khi c c c em i phi trn vi dch trch ly t s v l
chanh thu c dch hng chun b cho qu trnh phi trn gia v.
Trang 68
2.6.2. Quy trnh sn xut vin gia v bn b hu.
Quy trnh chit hng

Nguyn liu
Phn loi
Xay th
Xay mn
Trch ly
Cn, m heo, m b
Nu ln I
Ly tm
Lc
Chit
Dch lc
Dch chit
Nu ln II
Hng, mu
Phi trn
Dch cha hng

bn b hu
Thuyt minh quy trnh
Nguyn liu: inh hng, i hi, qu, trn b, s, l chanh, mu ht iu, t, m

b...
Trang 69
Phn loi: nguyn liu sau khi c nhp v c phn loi loi b nhng
Xay th: qu, inh hng, i hi, trn b, t sau khi phn loi c em i xay
th.
Mc ch: lm nh 1 phn nguyn liu.
Xay mn: Sau khi nguyn liu xay th c em i xay mn. Mc ch: nghin mn
hon ton cc nguyn liu gip cho qu trnh trch ly c tt hn.
Trch ly:
Qu, inh hng, i hi, trn b sau khi xay mn c em i trch ly. Cch
tin hnh: cho 4 loi nguyn liu xay mn vo thng ngm trong cn vi khong
thi gian l 48h (nu hng gp th c th rt ngn thi gian l 24h) c th trch ly
cc tinh cht c trong nguyn liu.
S, l chanh sau khi phi kh v xay dp c em i nu trong dung mi l
m b trch ly tinh du c trong s v l chanh.
Ht iu c trch ly mu bng cch nu trong m b trong khong thi gian
30 pht.
Nu ln 1: Sau khi trch ly dch trch c em i nu trong khong thi gian 45
pht. Mc ch: trch ly cc tinh cht c trong nguyn liu c ti a.
Ly tm: Dch sau khi nu c c a qua qu trnh ly tm tch ring phn
dch lng v phn b.
Lc: Phn dch lng sau khi ly tm c em i lc loi b cc cht rn cn st
li trong qu trnh ly tm.
Chit: Dch sau khi lc s em qua qu trnh chit loi b cn c trong dch lc.
Nu ln 2: sau qu trnh chit s em i nu ln 2.
Mc ch: loi b hon ton cn c trong dch chit v c c chun b cho
qu trnh phi trn .
Phi trn: dch sau khi c c c em i phi trn vi bt t kh, mu ht iu
v dch trch ly t s, l chanh thu c dch hng chun b cho qu trnh phi
trn gia v.
Trang 70
2.6.3.
Quy trnh sn xut vin gia v b kho.

Quy trnh chit hng
Nguyn liu
Phn loi
Xay th
Xay mn
Trch ly
Cn, m heo, m b
Nu ln I
Ly tm
Lc
Chit
Dch lc
Dch chit
Nu ln II
Hng, mu
Phi trn
Dch cha
hng b kho
Trang 71
Thuyt minh quy trnh
Nguyn liu: i hi, qu, mu ht iu, s, m heo, m b...

Phn loi: nguyn liu sau khi c nhp v c phn loi loi b nhng
Xay th: qu, i hi sau khi phn loi c em i xay th. Mc ch: lm nh 1
phn nguyn liu.
Xay mn: Sau khi nguyn liu xay th c em i xay mn. Mc ch: nghin mn
hon ton cc nguyn liu gip cho qu trnh trch ly c tt hn.
Trch ly:
Qu, i hi sau khi xay mn c em i trch ly. Cch tin hnh: cho 2 loi
nguyn liu xay mn vo thng ngm trong cn vi khong thi gian l 48h (nu
hng gp th c th rt ngn thi gian l 24h) c th trch ly cc tinh cht c trong
nguyn liu.
Ht iu c trch ly mu bng cch nu trong m heo trong khong thi gian
30 pht.
S sau khi phi kh v xay dp c em i nu trong dung mi l m b
trch ly tinh du c trong s.
Nu ln I: sau khi trch ly dch trch c em i nu trong khong thi gian 45
pht.
Mc ch: trch ly cc tinh cht c trong nguyn liu c ti a.
Ly tm: dch sau khi nu c c a qua qu trnh ly tm tch ring phn
dch lng v phn b.
Lc: phn dch lng sau khi ly tm c em i lc loi b cc cht rn cn st
li trong qu trnh ly tm.
Chit: dch sau khi lc s em qua qu trnh chit loi b cn c trong dch lc.
Nu ln II: sau qu trnh chit s em i nu ln 2. Mc ch: loi b hon ton
cn c trong dch chit v c c chun b cho qu trnh phi trn .
Trang 72
Phi trn: dch sau khi c c c em i phi trn mu ht iu v dch trch ly

t s thu c dch hng chun b cho qu trnh phi trn gia v.
2.6.4. Quy trnh sn xut 3 loi gia v thnh phm
ng
Mui
Mch nha
Ph gia
Dch hng
(tu tng loi)
Phi trn
p vin
Kim tra
Ghp m
Bao gi
Thnh
phm
Thuyt minh quy trnh
Phi trn: (vi 3 loi sn phm trn th quy trnh p vin tng t nhau v
cng tng t nh cc loi gia v vin khc).
Trang 73
u tin ta phi trn: ng, Mui, Siu bt ngt, Mch nha v Dch hng
vi nhau theo 1 t l nht nh sau ta b sung cc loi ph gia vo. Tip theo ta cho
tt c vo my phi trn.
ng, Mui, Siu bt ngt l nguyn liu chnh to v cho sn phm, Mch
nha to cho sn phm c kt dnh cao v Dch hng to cho sn phm c mi
thm c trng cho tng loi sn phm.
Nhng loi ph gia cho vo: Acid sorbic, Natri benzoate, Gum nhm to cho
sn phm c thi gian bo qun lu hn v cng to cho sn phm c trng hn v
mi v.
Kim tra: kim tra nhng vin b li, b, thiu trng lng hoc khng ng
u v hnh dng th c loi b v a ngc li tip tc phi trn.
p vin: sau khi phi trn ta tin hnh p vin bng my p. Thc t nh my
c 2 h thng p vin: th cng v t ng.
Nhng vin gia v c p hon chnh v chc chn th mi c a vo
mng nhm ghp m. Mi hp gm 4 vin.
H thng ghp m bng my hn m bng nhit v my rt chn khng.
Bao gi: nhng vin gia v sau khi c ghp m s cho vo hp giy c tn
tng loi gia v, thnh phn, hng dn s dng, ngy sn xut v hn s dng....
2.7.
Bng so snh gia 3 loi gia v vin.
Ging nhau: c 3 sn phm u c cc thnh phn chung l: mui, ng,

mch nha, s, bt tht b c c, cht bo qun, cht iu v, mu tng hp.
Khc nhau:
Trang 74
Bng 2.12. Bng so snh mt s c im ca 3 loi gia v vin

c im
Cht bo dng
trch ly
Ht iu
Nguyn liu to
hng
Ph b
Bn b hu
B kho
Ch dng m b
Ch dng m b
M heo v m b
Khng s dng
C s dng
inh hng,
inh hng,
trn b, i hi,
trn b, i hi,
bn b)
i hi, qu, s
qu, s, l chanh qu, s, l chanh
t
2.8.
C s dng (nhiu hn
Khng
Khng
Cc sn phm ca cng ty
2.8.1.
Sn phm gia vi vin:
Hin nay cng ty kinh doanh v ch bin nng sn thc phm Nosafood sn xut
gia v vin vi nhiu chng loi phong ph v a dng nh:
Vin gia v ph b.
Vin gia v ph g
Vin gia v bn riu cua
Vin gia v b kho
Vin gia v lu thi
Vin gia v h tiu nam vang
Vin gia v bn b hu
Vin gia v ph lu
Sup chay
2.8.2.
Sn phm tng t:
Tng t
Thnh phn: nc, t > 5.9% ti, mui, tinh bt bp, c chua, xanthan gum
(415), hng tng hp 0.04%.
Cht bo qun: Benzoate natri ( 211), sorbat kali (202) meta natri bisulfit
(223).
Trang 75
Cht iu v: monoglutamat natri (621), dinatri 5-inosinat (631), dinatri 5 guanilat (627), disodium succinat ( 364i).
Cht to ngt tng hp: acesulfam K (950) aspartam (951).
Mu tng hp: Sunset yellow (110), Poneur 4R (124)
Cht iu chnh acid: acid citric (330).
Tng st c:
Thnh phn: c chua hay c chua paste (> 13%), mui, hnh, tinh bt bp,
xanthan gum (415), hng c chua tng hp (0.01%).
Cht bo qun: Benzoate Natri (211), sorbat kali (202), meta natri bisulfit
(223).
Cht to ngt tng hp: acesulfam K (950), aspartam (951).
Mu tng hp: sunset yellow (110), camoisine (112),
Mu t nhin: caramen (150a)
2.8.3.
Sn phm nc tng
Gm cc sn phm: nc tng ng Ch V, nc tng hng v Vit, nc

tng nh rng.
2.8.4.
Cc sn phm khc:
Ngoi 3 sn phm chnh l vin gia v, tng c, nc tng th cng ty cn

sn xut mt s mt hng khc nh: sa t, ht iu rang mui, bnh trng, mui
tiu, bt canh,.....
3. H THNG QUN L V KIM TRA CHT LNG - HACCP
3.1.
Gii thiu h thng HACCP

3.1.1. Nhng vn chung.
H thng HACCP vit tt t ting anh: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
Point, hiu theo ting Vit l Phn tch mi nguy v kim sot cc im ti hn. Bn
cht ca h thng HACCP l phng nga, tp trung vo cc im kim sot ti hn,
da trn mt c s khoa hc, thc tin tin cy v cc bin php gim st, kim sot c
hiu qu. H thng HACCP c thit lp gim thiu ti mc thp nht ri ro
c th xy ra i vi an ton thc phm.
Trang 76
HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Poind): Phn tch mi nguy v
kim sot im ti hn, ngha l mt h thng phn tch, xc nh v t chc kim
sot cc mi nguy trng yu trong qu trnh sn xut, ch bin thc phm.
H thng HACCP (HACCP System): Mt h thng phn tch, xc nh cc mi
nguy v an ton thc phm v kim sot n ti cc im kim sot ti hn.
MI NGUY (Hazard): Tc nhn sinh hc, ho hc, hay vt l c trong thc
phm hoc mi trng ch bin thc phm c kh nng gy tc hi n sc kho
ngi tiu dng.
MI NGUY TIM N (Potential Hazard): Mi nguy c th xut hin (trong
thc phm hoc mi trng ch bin).
MI NGUY NG K (Significant Hazard): Mi nguy i hi phi c kim
sot theo kt qu ca qu trnh phn tch mi nguy.
PHN TCH MI NGUY (Hazard Analysis): L qu trnh thu thp, nh gi
cc thng tin v mc nghim trng ca mi nguy v iu kin dn ti s hin din
ca chng nhm xc nh mc ng k i vi an ton thc phm, v th cn c
kim sot trong k hoch HACCP.
NGUY C (Risk): Kh nng (xc sut) xut hin mt mi nguy.
BIN PHP KIM SOT (Control Measure): Bt k mt hnh ng hoc mt
yu t vt l, ho hc no c s dng ngn nga, loi b hoc gim thiu mt
mi nguy ng k ti mc c th chp nhn c (cn gi l bin php phng nga).
IM KIM SOT (Control Point - CP): Tt c cc im, cng on hoc qu
trnh, ti c th kim sot c cc mi nguy sinh hc, ho hc hoc vt l (cc CP
thuc phm vi kim sot ca chng trnh PRP)
IM KIM SOT TI HN (Critical Control Point - CCP): im, cng
on hoc qu trnh, ti c th kim sot v c th ngn nga, loi b hoc gim
thiu mi nguy an ton thc phm n mc c th chp nhn c (cc CCP thuc
phm vi kim sot ca k hoch HACCP).
Trang 77
S QUY TRNH SN XUT: L s biu hin c h thng mt chui cc

bc hoc cc cng on c s dng trong qa trnh sn xut mt sn phm c th
no .
S QUYT NH CCP (CCP Decision Tree - s cy): Mt chui cc
cu hi c sp xp theo trnh t lgic nhm xc nh mt im kim sot (CP) c
phi l im kim sot ti hn hay khng (CCP).
NGNG TI HN (gii hn ti hn) (Critical Limit): Chun mc xc nh
ranh gii gia mc chp nhn v mc khng th chp nhn i vi mi bin php
kim sot ti mt CCP (mt s ti liu gi l gii hn ti hn: tiu ch cn phi t i
vi mi bin php phng nga p dng cho mi im kim sot ti hn).
NGNG VN HNH (Operating Limit): L chun mc nghim ngt hn
ngng ti hn, ti i hi ngi vn hnh thc hin cc bin php thch hp nhm
ngn nga nguy c vi phm ngng ti hn do mt kim sot ti mt CCP c th (mt
s ti liu gi l ngng thc t hoc l gii hn vn hnh).
GIM ST (Monitoring): Tin hnh quan st hoc o m cc thng s cn
kim sot theo trnh t nh nhm nh gi CCP c c kim sot khng.
KIM SOT (Control):
ng t: tin hnh cc hot ng cn thit nhm m bo v duy tr cc tiu
chun quy nh trong k hoch HACCP.
Danh t: ch mt tnh trng s vn hnh chnh xc ang c tun th v
cc chun mc u c tho mn.
S SAI LCH (Deviation): Sai st dn ti vi phm ngng ti hn ti mt
CCP c th.
HNH NG KHC PHC (Corrective Action): Hnh ng cn thc hin khi
xy ra sai lch nhm khc phc hu qu v ngn nga s ti din sai lch ti mt
CCP.
THM NH (Verification): Vic p dng cc phng php, quy trnh, php
th v nh gi khc b sung cho cc bin php gim st nhm xc nhn vic tun th
theo k hoch HACCP.
Trang 78
K HOCH HACCP (HACCP Plan): Ch b ti liu c xy dng theo cc

nguyn tc ca HACCP m bo kim sot cc mi nguy ng k i vi an ton thc
phm ti cc cng on ca dy chuyn sn xut thc phm c th.
KIM SOT HACCP (HACCP Control): Tnh trng m quy trnh chnh
xc ang c tun th, h thng gim st ang hot ng c hiu qu v cc ngng
ti hn ang c m bo.
NH GI HACCP (HACCP Audit): Vic xem xt mt cch h thng v c
lp cc bng chng khch quan do cc nh gi vin c o to tin hnh nhm xc
nh xem:
K hoch HACCP v chng trnh PRP c c xy dng mt cch chnh xc
v y khng, c kh nng ngn chn, loi b hoc gim thiu ti mc chp nhn
c cc mi nguy i vi an ton thc phm khng.
Vic tun th mt cch y theo k hoch HACCP c ph chun v
Tiu chun hin hnh.
TIU CHUN: l nhng gii hn quy nh v vi sinh vt, ho hc v l hc
ca thc phm.
V SINH AN TON THC PHM: L vic bo m thc phm khng gy hi
cho sc khe, tnh mng ca con ngi, bo m thc phm khng b hng, khng
cha cc tc nhn vt l, ho hc, sinh hc hoc tp cht qu gii hn cho php,
khng phi l sn phm ca ng vt, thc vt b bnh c th gy hi cho sc kho
con ngi.
NHIM THC PHM: nhim thc phm l tnh trng xut hin bt c
mt cht l no (tc nhn gy nhim, yu t gy nhim) trong thc phm.
H THNG QUN L CHT LNG: L h thng qun l nh hng v
kim sot mt t chc v cht lng.
QUN L CHT LNG: Cc hot ng c phi hp nh hng v kim
sot mt t chc v cht lng.
T CHC: Nhm ngi v phng tin c s sp xp b tr trch nhim,
quyn hn v mi quan h (v d: Cng ty, Vin, Hi...).
3.1.2.
Li ch ca vic s dung HACCP trong sn xut
Trang 79
I VI DOANH NGHIP
Nng cao uy tn cht lng i vi sn phm ca mnh, tng tnh cnh tranh,
kh nng chim lnh v m rng th trng, c bit i vi thc phm xut khu.
c php in trn nhn du chng nhn ph hp h thng HACCP, to lng
tin vi ngi tiu dng v bn hng.
c s dng du hoc giy chng nhn ph hp h thng HACCP trong cc
hot ng qung co, cho hng, gii thiu cho sn phm v doanh nghip.
L iu kin doanh nghip tin hnh cc hot ng t cng b tiu chun
cht lng VSATTP.
L c s m bo iu kin thun li cho vic m phn, k kt hp ng
thng mi trong nc cng nh xut khu.
L c s ca chnh sch u tin u t, o to ca Nh nc cng nh cc i
tc nc ngoi.
I VI NGI TIU DNG
Gim nguy c cc bnh truyn qua thc phm.

Nng cao nhn thc v v sinh c bn.
Tng s tin cy vo vic cung cp thc phm.
Ci thin cht lng cuc sng (sc kho v kinh t - x hi).
LI CH VI CHNH PH
Ci thin sc kho cng ng.

Nng cao hiu qu v kim sot thc phm.
Gim chi ph cho sc kho cng ng.
To iu kin thun li cho s pht trin thng mi.
Tng lng tin ca ngi dn vo vic cung cp thc phm
3.2.
Cc nguyn l ca HACCP
1. Phn tch mi nguy v cc bin php phng nga. Tin hnh phn tch mi
nguy. Chun b s quy trnh sn xut bao gm cc bc din ra trong quy trnh.
Xc nh l lp danh mc cc nguy hi. Ch ra cc bin php phng nga cho tng
mi nguy.
Trang 80
2. Xc nh cc im kim sot trng yu (CCPs) trong quy trnh bng vic phn
tch cc mi nguy theo cy quyt nh.
3. Thit lp cc ngng ti hn. y l cc mc t ra v mc sai bit c th
chp nhn c m bo cho cc im CCPs nm trong vng kim sot c.
4. Gim st im kim sot ti hn. Thit lp h thng theo di, gim st m bo
kim sot cc CCPs bng cc th tc xt nghim, trc nghim.
5. Thit lp cc bin php khc phc kp thi. Tin hnh nhng hot ng iu
chnh mt khi cc quan trc theo di cho thy mt im CCP no b trch ra khi
vng kim sot.
6. Thit lp h thng kim tra nh gi. Tin hnh nhng th tc thm tra xc
nhn khng nh l h thng HACCP hot ng hu hiu.
7. Thit lp b h s v ti liu HACCP. T liu ha tt c cc th tc tin
hnh v cc b h s lin quan n cc nguyn tc v qu trnh vn dng nhng
nguyn tc ny.
3.3.
p dng HACCP trong cng ty
Trang 81
Giai on
Qu trnh HACCP
Xc nh phm vi nghin cu
Chn i HACCP
Tp hp cc s liu v sn phm
Nhn bit mc ch s dng ca sn phm
S hot ng
6 Dch chit
iu chnh li s
Danh sch cc mi nguy v bin php phng nga
Quyt nh nhng im kim sot nghim trng
Xy dng cc gii hn nguy him cho cc im kim sot quan trng
10
Xy dng h thng gim st cc im kim sot nghim trng
11
Xy dng k hoch khc phc sai li
12
Xy dng h thng vn bn
13 Phi trn
Kim tra
14 Dch lc
Xem xt
Trang 82
Kim tra cht lng sn phm bng HACCP
3.4.
3.4.1.
Bng kim tra cht lng
3.4.1.1. Mi nguy vt l:
Mi nguy
Ngun gc
Tc hi
Loi b
Gy cm gic
Ln
trong kh chu cho
nguyn liu. ngi

Ct, bi
xut
hin dng,
nh
trong
quy hng
trnh sn xut
lng
cht
Ch tip nhn nguyn liu

dng ng cht lng.
Trong qu trnh lc lng c
th loi c.
sn phm.
Ln
trong
nguyn liu.
Kim loi
xut
hin
trong
quy
trnh sn xut
Tc, bi, bn
Gy hi cho Ch tip nhn nguyn liu

kho cam kt ng cht lng.
sc
ngi
tiu Kim sot bng GMP v
dng.
SSOP.
Xut
hin nh
hng
trong
quy n
trnh
sn lng
xut.
phm
cht Cng nhn tun th GMP

sn v SSOP
3.4.1.2. Mi nguy ho hc
Mi nguy
Ngun gc
c t vi nm
T nguyn liu
Tc hi
Loi b
Gy c cho ngi
Kim tra k lng
s dng.
khu nguyn liu.
C th gy tc hi
Coliforms
Tp nhim t mi
n ngi, l
trng xung quanh.
nguyn nhn gy
750C/20 giy.
bnh t.
Staphylococcus
VSV tp nhim t mi
C kh nng sn
nhit 75 Trang 83
trng xung quanh.
xut ra nhiu c t
>850C. Chng b
c th lm cho
cht sau 20 pht.
ngi b nhim d
c t: 98.90C/14
mc bnh, bao gm
pht
vim d dy, rut.

Bo t s b tiu
VSV tp nhim t mi
Bacillus cereus
trng xung quanh.
Vi khun sinh sn
dit 1000C trong
tim n 2 loi c
hn 2.5 pht.
t: c t gy tiu
c t tiu chy
chy v c t gy
56,10C/5 pht.
tiu chy
c t gy nn:
1200C/90 pht.
Tc hi trc tip
vo bao t khin
ngi bnh au
bng, tiu chy v
Salmonella
Hin din t nhin
nn ma trong vi
nhit 600C/
trng rut, phn cc
ngy.
10 pht.
loi ng vt.
Tuy nhin, cng c
1000C/2 pht.
loi vo ng rut,
gy thng hn
khin ngi bnh
c th t vong.
t, nc, khng kh,
dng c, bt a v
Vibrio
thc phm. Mm bnh
C th gy bnh t
t cc ng phn, rc
cho ngi.
v c rui nhng
un si
Gim pH<3
470C/48 pht.
mang n cc i
Trang 84
tng trn.
Trc khun gy
Shigella shiga
Trong ng rut.
bnh l cho ngi,

gy bnh vim i
trng.
Nhit 600C
chng cht sau 10>15 pht.
Trang 85
B. NHN XT V KIN NGH

Cng ty C phn Ch bin Kinh doanh Nng sn Thc phm Nosafood l mt
cng ty thc phm c quy m v c s h tng rng ln, thit b y theo tng qui
trnh sn xut, vi vic p dng theo qui trnh sn xut HACCP, cng ty t c
nhng thnh cng nht nh trn th trng. Sn phm ca cng ty t v sinh an ton
thc phm v c cht lng cao, cng ty v ang nhanh chng ng dng cng
ngh mi v hin ti phc v cho nhu cu sn xut ngy cng tng trong thi gian
ti.
Sn phm ca cng ty Nosafood vi 3 sn phm chnh u l nhng sn phm gn
gi vi cc mn n hng ngy cng nh mn n mang linh hn Vit Nam nh: Vin
gia v( Ph b, bn b Hu, kho tiu, h tiu Nam Vang, bn riu cua.), cc loi
tng( Tng t, tng en, tng c) v c nc tng mang nhn hiu ng Ch
V xut hin v c ngi tiu dng a thch t trc n nay. Ngoi vic c
hng v thm ngon sn phm cn r v tit kim c thi gia ch bin cho ngi
tiu dng. Sn phm ca cng ty sau khi ra th trng th lun lun m bo an ton
v sinh thc phm v cht lng cao. V t khi nhp nguyn liu th c cc nhn
vin k thut kim tra trc khi em vo ch bin. Sau , nhm nhn vin k thut
kim tra bao b s kim tra mt ln na sau khi thnh phm v th sn phm s c
m bo an ton t nguyn liu cho n khi thnh phm v n tay ngi tiu dng.
Ngoi nhng u im trn th cng ty cn gp phi nhng nhc im nh: H
thng my thng xuyn b li dn n tr tr cng vic v my cn pht ra ting n
nh hng trc tip n sc kho ca ngi sn xut. Do my l loi my bn t ng
nn phng php iu khin th cng l chnh v cn phi c nhn vin iu khin
cng nh cng nhn lao ng trn my.
Qua thi gian thc tp em c mt s kin ng gp nh th, em mong rng cng
ty s ngy cng pht trin v hon thin hn na. Cui cng em xin chc ton th
nhn vin trong cng ty lao ng tt v cng ty ngy cng thnh cng v pht t,
vn xa hn trn th trng trong nc cng nh quc t.
Trang 86
C. TI LIU THAM KHO

1. [TQCSI]
(online)http://www.tqcsi.com.vn:7989/vi/services/Danh-gia-chung-
nhan-cac-he-thong-quan-ly/HACCP-Code-2003-Chuong-trinh-an-toan-thuc-pham24.html
2. [Cribd]
(online)
http://vi.scribd.com/doc/105582136/Haccp-Code-2003-
Vietnamese
3. [Nosafood ] (online) http://nosafood.com/index.php
4. m Sao Mai, Nguyn Th Hong Yn, ng Bi Khu. 2012.Ph Gia Thc
Phm. Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia Tp H Ch Minh.
5. Mt s ti liu ca cng ty.
Trang 87

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B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP HCM

TS. NGUYN TH MINH NGUYT

NGUYN TH PHNG NGUYN

TRN VNH PHC

TP HCM, thng 9/2014

DANH SCH NHM

Nguyn Th Phng Nguyn

Trn Vnh Phc

Nguyn Minh Tin

TP HCM, thng 9/2014

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

TNG QUAN V CNG TY C PHN NOSAFOOD .................................. 1

1.5. An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy ................................................... 10

QUY TRNH SN XUT GIA V VIN ........................................................ 13

Mui NaCl ............................................................................................ 15

2.1.3.1. Siu bt ngt......................................................................................... 16

Cht to ngt tng hp ......................................................................... 19

2.1.4.1. Acesulfame K ....................................................................................... 19

Mch nha .............................................................................................. 21

inh hng ........................................................................................... 23

Ti, hnh ............................................................................................... 25

Cht iu chnh pH .......................................................................... 32

Natri benzoate ( E211) ......................................................................... 34

Acid sorbic ........................................................................................... 34

Mm ruc, mm tm. ........................................................................... 36

2.2. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut gia v vin. ...................................................... 42

S quy trnh cng ngh ................................................................... 43

2.2.1.1. Qu trnh dp vin ................................................................................ 46

Thit b chnh. ...................................................................................... 48

2.2.2.1. My trn gia v ..................................................................................... 48

Ch tiu cm quan ................................................................................. 59

Ch tiu vi sinh ..................................................................................... 60

2.5. Cc loi sn phm gia v................................................................................. 61

Quy trnh sn xut vin gia v ph b .................................................. 66

Quy trnh sn xut vin gia v bn b hu ........................................... 69

Quy trnh sn xut vin gia v b kho .................................................. 71

Quy trnh sn xut 3 loi gia v thnh phm ........................................ 73

2.7. Bng so snh gia 3 loi gia v vin ............................................................... 74

Sn phm gia vi vin ............................................................................ 75

Sn phm tng t ............................................................................... 75

Cc sn phm khc: .............................................................................. 76

H THNG QUN L V KIM TRA CHT LNG - HACCP ................ 76

Nhng vn chung ............................................................................ 76

Li ch ca vic s dung HACCP trong sn xut ............................... 79

3.2. Cc nguyn l ca HACCP ............................................................................ 80

Bng kim tra cht lng ..................................................................... 83

3.4.1.1. Mi nguy vt l ..................................................................................... 83

NHN XT V KIN NGH ............................................................................. 86

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................... 87

CNG TY C PHN CH BIN KINH DOANH NNG SN THC PHM NOSAFOOD

Lch s thnh lp v pht trin

Tn doanh nghip: Cng ty c phn Ch Bin Kinh Doanh Nng Sn Thc

CNG TY C PHN CH BIN KINH DOANH NNG SN THC PHM NOSAFOOD

C phn bn theo mnh gi chim 47,89% vn iu l.

a im xy dng, ngun nc, nhin liu

GVHD: TS. NGUYN TH MINH NGUYT

CNG TY C PHN CH BIN KINH DOANH NNG SN THC PHM NOSAFOOD

Ci dng cp nhit cho l hi cung cp hi cho cc thit b nh: t hp, ni

GVHD: TS. NGUYN TH MINH NGUYT

CNG TY C PHN CH BIN KINH DOANH NNG SN THC PHM NOSAFOOD

GVHD: TS. NGUYN TH MINH NGUYT

CNG TY C PHN CH BIN KINH DOANH NNG SN THC PHM NOSAFOOD

CNG TY C PHN CH BIN KINH DOANH NNG SN THC PHM NOSAFOOD