AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

Module04:Targeting
Lecture19:AreaTargetingusingdiversepinch
Keywords:AreaTargeting,Diversepinch,Supertargeting,BathFormula

EnergytargetscanbeaccuratelypredictedbyaheatcascadeprocedureonceavalueofTminis
known(LinnhoffandFlower,1978).However,thepredictionofareausingareatarget,onthe
other hand, is not as reliable. The algorithm based on the Bath formula (Townsend and
Linnhoff, 1984) which is most widely used assumes vertical heat transfer between the
compositecurves,andthepredictionofaminimumvalueforareaisvalidonlyifallfilmheat
transfer coefficients for the streams are equal (Linnhoff and Ahmad, 1990). For cases where
film heat transfer coefficients are significantly different , mathematical programming route
whichconsidersnonverticalheattransfermayberequiredtoachieveaminimumareaforthe
network.

However,aconsiderablenearminimumareaofHENcanbeachievedbyintroducingthe
concept of stream individual contribution to T to facilitate non-vertical heat transfer (Ahmad et al., 1990,
Rev and Fonyo 1991 ). The present lecture is based on this concept.

Itislogicalthatthefilmheattransfercoefficientsofindividualstreamsshouldbetakeninto
account at the earliest stage of design specially when the film coefficients are order of
magnitude different. In order to use streamdependent contributions to minimum approach
temperaturesthestreamsaretobeverticallyshiftedbyavalueproportionaltotheinverseof
theindividualfilmcoefficients.Thiswillonlymakethedrivingforcedistributionsmoother,will
provideamorerealisticinitialnetworkandwillavoidsometopologicaltrapsinthesynthesisof
initialheatexchangernetworks[3].

Uptillrecently,thebasicdecisionvariableusedindesigningtheHENhasbeentheminimum
approach temperature which determines the degree of heat recovery possible. The major
limitation with this approach from an industrial point of view is the concept of a single
minimum approach temperature that is used as the basic design parameter to be varied in
determining the matches of the initial design. Although the effect of different heat transfer
coefficients is accounted for at the total cost targeting and supertargeting stage, at the
synthesisstagetheconceptofasingleTminisapplied.AsshownrecentlybyGundersenand
Grossman (1988), to insist on a single global approach temperature for all exchangers in the
networkmayputtheengineerintopologicaltraps.

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

The minimum area target (Bath formula) based on enthalpy intervals defined by the "kink"
points has been presented by Townsend and Linnhoff (1984). For each vertical section k the
area Ak is given as:Up till recently, the basic decision variable used in designing the HEN has
been the minimum approach temperature which determines the degree of heat recovery
possible.Themajorlimitationwiththisapproachfromanindustrialpointofviewistheconcept
of a single minimum approach temperature that is used as the basic design parameter to be
varied in determining the matches of the initial design. Although the effect of different heat
transfercoefficientsisaccountedforatthetotalcosttargetingandsupertargetingstage,atthe
synthesisstagetheconceptofasingleTminisapplied.AsshownrecentlybyGundersenand
Grossman (1988), to insist on a single global approach temperature for all exchangers in the
networkmayputtheengineerintopologicaltraps.

The minimum area target (Bath formula) based on enthalpy intervals defined by the "kink"
points has been presented by Townsend and Linnhoff (1984). For each vertical section k the
areaAkisgivenas:

| |

. 4.78

Thisformula,althoughnotexact,isbasedonverticalheattransfer.IfaHENissynthesizedusing
theenthalpyintervalsdefinedbythe"kinks"andthetemperatureprofilesofthematches
exactlyfollowthecompositecurves,thentheresultingHENwillachieveboththeareaand
utilitytargets.However,suchnetworkspossessanexcessivenumberofunits.Theseareknown
asa"spaghettistructure"(Ahmad,1985).

Ahmad(1985)putforwardamodifiedformulacalledpseudoBATHformulaforareatargetas
givenbelow:

. (4.79 )

Wheretheheatexchangebetweenstreamiandstreamj,qijinsectionkisestimatedas:

4.80

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

This means that the heat load qi of stream i in the interval k is distributed amongst each
oppositestreamjproportionallytotheirqjheatloadrelatedtotheirsumintheinterval.This
arrangementassumesthateachhotstreamsuppliesheattoeachcoldstreamintheinterval.
Insteadofthisdoublesum,indiversepinchareatargetingasimplerformulausingthemean
temperature differences at both ends of the interval is considered and anything about the
distributionofheatloadsisnotconsidered.ThisiscalleddiverseBATHformulaasgivenbelow:

| |

. 4.81

Wherethelogarithmicmeanapproachtemperature(Tlm,k)iscalculatedbasedonthefollowing
meantemperaturedifferencesTm,atanyendoftheinterval:

. 4.82

where Tsf is the temperature difference between the shifted hot and cold curves at the
interval border point, and Ti,sf is the individual T shift contribution of stream i. Qk is the
lengthoftheinterval,andqiistheheatloadofstreamiinthisinterval.
Inordertotestitscapability,wecomparedtheresultsofthisareatargetingformulawiththose
resulting from the BATH formula, and the more rigorous LP model (based on a crisscross
spaghettinetwork)ofTrivediandRippin(1989)theyfoundthattheirresultsmorethantheLP
model from 0.5% to 25% and were less than the Bath Formula by 8.9 to 101%. This clearly
showsthatdiversebathformulaprovidesbetterresultsthatBathformula.

FurtherMedardoSernaandArturoJimenez(2004)suggestedanewmethodbasedondiverse
pinchconceptofRev,E.,Fonyo,Z.,(1991).However,theymodifiedthecomputationmethodof
Tlm.Theyfoundthattheirresultsarefarcloserhavingaoverpredictionof6%withthatofLP
model suggested by Ahmad et al. (1990), As method suggested by Medardo Serna and Arturo
Jimenez(2004) is one of the latest methods based on Pinch concept for area targeting and
provides results close to minimum area targets computed by mathematical programming
approach,inthislecturethemethodproposedbythemisdiscussed.

ProposedAlgorithmforAreaTrageting

Fig. 4.43 illustrates a diverse composite curve and a spaghetti design for an interval with two hot streams
and one cold stream. The minimum area required for interval k is given by:

Amin,k=(q13k/TLM13k)(1/h1+1/h3)+(q23k/TLM23k)(1/h2+1/h3)(4.83)

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

ShiftedT,C

The following diagrams show the heat duty distribution and temperature gradients for kth
intervalofdiversecompositecurve.

Th,k kth interval

Th,k1

q13
CP1
th
1

k interval

q23
CP2
2

CP31 CP3

CP32
Tc,kc

H,kW

Tc,k1

Fig4.43Heatdutydistributionandtemperaturegradientsforkthintervalofdiverse
compositecurves

Where qijk, is the heat duty between streams i and j. In general, if the interval k contains I hot streams and
J cold streams, I J is the number of heat exchangers in the spaghetti design. The total area is the
addition of individual area requirements for k intervals,

(4.84)

..(4.85)

The above equation is valid for any number of streams with any values of film heat transfer
coefficients.Onekeypartofthealgorithmlieswithintheevaluationofthelogmeandi6erence
temperatures. The method by Rev and Fonyo uses the diverse diagram along with the
associateddiversetemperaturesfortheevaluationofTLM.Intheproposedalgorithm,wetake
the borders from the diverse diagram, but real (non diverse) temperatures are used.
Therefore, for each match (i; j) in the enthalpy interval k (with borders k and k 1) of the
diversediagram,thelogmeantemperaturedi6erenceiscalculatedby:

.(4.86)

Where,

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

Where,
Ti and Tj are contribution Ts of streams i and j; Tc* and Th* are the diverse temperatures from
the hot and from the cold composite curve, respectively as shown in the figure above. To preserve
enthalpy balances, heat duties distribution for each exchange between streams i and j of the spaghetti
design of interval k is given by: -

(4.87)

Example1:Astreamdata(Ahmad et al. (1990))fromacertainprocessindustryispresentedin

thetablebelow:
Table4.42StreamdataoftheproblemgivenbyAhmadetal.(1990)
Stream
Ts(0C)
Tt(0C)
hj(kW/Km2)
CP(kW/C)
H1
159
77
22.85
0.1
H2
267
80
2.04
0.04
H3
343
90
5.38
0.5
C1
26
127
9.33
0.01
C2
118
265
19.61
0.5
ST
300
299

0.05
CW
20
60

0.2

CalculatetheminimumheatexchangerarearequiredfortheHENnetworkbyMedardoSerna&
ArturoJimenez(2004)Algorithm.

Solution:

Intheaboveexamplevaluesoffilmheattransfercoefficientsdifferbyafactorofupto50.For
a value of Tmin = 30C, the minimum heating and cooling requirements are 1456.72 and
1248.04 kW, respectively, and the estimation for the area target using the Bath formula is
3006.42m2.

Ahmad et al. (1990) using linear programming techniques obtained the minimum value of HEN area as
2330 m2 which can be considered to be the bottom minimum area of the HEN.

Medardo Serna & Arturo Jimenez(2004) used the following equation for computation of
streamdependentTasshowedthatminimumareadependsonthevalueofkandzboth.

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

Thevaluesofempiricalparameterskandzcarecomputedasfollows:

1. ComputethehotandcoldutilitydemandusingtheTminvalue(Inthepresentcaseitis
30C)
2. Assumeavalueofzandvarythevalueofkforthediversecompositecurves/PTAsuch
thatcoldandhotutilitydemandsmatchwithabove.

MedardoSerna&ArturoJimenez(2004)pointedoutthatalargenumberofcombinationsofz
andkasshowninTable4.43canbefoundoutthroughiterationsthatcansatisfythehotand
coldutilitydemandsascomputedabove.

Table4.43valuesofzandkwhichsatisfiesthehotandcoldutilitydemandforprobleminTable
4.42
z
k
z
k
z
k
1.3
0.20438
0.9
1.05175
0.5
4.28656
1.2
0.31237
0.8
1.53564
0.4
5.78545
1.1
0.47336
0.7
2.20487
0.3
7.63180
1.0
0.70995
0.6
3.10640

Outoftheabovecombinationsofzandkvalues,onesetofvaluesz=0.7andk=2.20487gave
theminimumareaofHEN.Thusfortheaboveexamplethevalueofzandkaretakentobe0.7
and2.20487respectively.

ThustheequationforthecomputationofstreamdependentTcontributioncanbegivenas:

2.20487

Table4.44ShiftedTsandTtvaluesfordiversepinch
Tt(0C)
Shifted
Stream Ts(0C)
Shifted
Tj
CP(kW/C) hj(kW/
0
0
Ts, C
Km2)
Tt, C
H1
159
77
147.9495 65.94947 11.05053
22.85
0.1
H2
267
80
246.0135 59.01345 20.98655
2.04
0.04
H3
343
90
339.4182 86.41818 3.581822
5.38
0.5
C1
26
127
81.38383 182.3838 55.38383
9.33
0.01
C2
118
265
121.5818 268.5818 3.581822
19.61
0.5
ST
300
299
282.0484 281.0484 17.95163 1456.72
0.05
CW
20
60
26.8024
66.8024 6.802397
31.201
0.2

The stream dependent T contribution(Tj) is deducted from hot streams and added to cold
streamstocomputeshiftedtemperaturesasgiveninTable4.44.

CPforhotutility(ST)=1456.72/(300299)=1456.72kW/C

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

CPforcoldutility(CW)=1248.04/(6020)=31.201kW/C

NowbasedonthedatagiveninTable4.4areaiscomputed.TheBalancedcompositecurvefor
theproblemisgiveninFig4.44.

Computationdatarequiredforhotbalancedcompositecurve
For balanced hot composite curve hot streams (H1, H2 & H3) and Hot utility (ST) stream
temperaturesandotherdatasuchasCPareconsidered.

Table4.45Dataforhotbalancedcompositecurve
Stream
ShiftedTs,0C
ShiftedTt, 0C
hj(kW/Km2)
CP(kW/C)
H1
H2
H3
ST

147.9495
246.0135
339.4182
282.0484

65.94947
59.01345
86.41818
281.0484

22.85
2.04
5.38
1456.72

0.1
0.04
0.5
0.05

ShiftedT
t, C
CP
T
H

H3
339.4182

5.38
57.3698 308.6495
HU
282.0484
1462.1
1

1462.1
281.0484

5.38
35.0349 188.4878
H2
246.0135
7.42
98.064 727.6349

H1
147.9495

30.27
61.53132 1862.553
86.41818

24.89
20.46871 509.4662
65.94947

2.04
6.93602 14.14948
59.01345

Fig.4.44HotstreamplacementandenthalpycomputationineachtemperatureintervalforHotBCC

Table4.46CumulativeenthalpyandshiftedtemperaturedataforplottinghotBCC
Hcum
Temperature(0C)
59.01345
0
14.14948
65.94947
523.6157
86.41818
2386.169
147.9495
3113.804
246.0135

AreaTargeting3rdPart

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Lecture19
3302.291
4764.391
5073.04

281.0484
282.0484
339.4182

Computationdatarequiredforcoldbalancedcompositecurve
For balanced hot composite curve hot streams (C1, C2) and Cold utility (CU) stream
temperaturesandotherdatasuchasCPareconsidered

Table4.47streamdata
Stream
ShiftedTs,0C
ShiftedTt, 0C
hj(kW/Km2)
CP(kW/C)
C1
C2
CU

268.5818
182.3838

121.5818

81.38383
66.8024

26.8024

81.38383
121.5818
26.8024

182.3838
268.5818
66.8024

9.33
19.61
31.201
CP

C2

C1

CU

86.198

28.94

60.802

9.33

40.19797

14.58143

Hcum
0
1248.04
1248.04
1623.087
3382.697
5073.04
Balancedcompositecurve

19.61

31.201

Temperature(0C)
26.8024
66.8024
81.38383
121.5818
182.3838
268.5818

0.01
0.5
0.2

40

AreaTargeting3rdPart

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400

Lecture19

Hotbalancedcompositecurve
Coldbalancedcompositecurve

350

10

Temperature(0C)

300

250
200

150

100

5
50

0
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Enthalpy

Determinationofunknowntemperatures:Now,forcalculatingtheareatarget,thebalanced
compositecurveisdividedintoanumberofenthalpyintervals.Thenextstepistodetermine
theunknowninletandoutlettemperaturescorrespondingtoeachenthalpyinterval:

EnthalpyInterval
Interval
Thi
TCi
Tho
TCo
Number

1
59.01345
26.8024
65.94947
?
14.14948

2
65.94947
?
86.41818
?
523.6157

3
86.41818
?
?
66.8024
1248.04

4
?
81.38383
?
121.5818
1623.087

5
?
121.5818
147.9495
?
2386.169

6
147.9495
?
246.0135
?
3113.804

7
246.0135
?
281.0484
?
3302.291

AreaTargeting3rdPart

3382.697

4764.391

5073.04

EnthalpyInterval

14.14948

523.6157

1248.04

1623.087

2386.169

3113.804

3302.291

3382.697

4764.391

5073.04

Module04

Lecture19

10

281.0484

282.0484

182.3838

282.0484

339.4182

182.3838

268.5818

Interval
Number

Thi
(Shifted)

TCi
(Shifted)

Tho
(Shifted)

TCo
(Shifted)

10

59.01345

65.94947

86.41818

110.35

122.74

147.9495

246.0135

281.0484

281.1034

282.0484

26.8024

27.256

43.5857

81.38383

121.5818

147.9495

173.0924

179.6054

182.3838

252.8424

65.94947

86.41818

110.35

122.74

147.9495

246.0135

281.0484

281.1034

282.0484

339.4182

27.256

43.5857

66.8024

121.5818

147.9495

173.0924

179.6054

182.3838

252.8424

268.5818

Now, for calculating the area target, we need to make the spaghetti diagram for each
temperatureinterval.Letusfirstconsiderthe1stinterval:
TopValueShiftedT

LowerValueActualT

2
65.94947 C
59.01345C
h(H2)0.04(kW/Km )
80C
86.93602C

HE1 14.14948 kW
T2=66.48242
T1=60C

2
26.8024C
27.256C
h(CU)0.2(kW/Km )

20C
20.4536C

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

So,

TLMTD=63.1858C

Amin,1=

Q=14.14948kW

=6.718035m
2ndinterval

65.94947C
86.41818 C

86.93602C
107.4047C

HE1 41.75617 kW

65.94947C

86.41818
77C
97.46871

HE2 467.71 kW

27.256C
43.5857C

20.4536C
36.7833C

Now,

ForHE1:T1=65.96458C,T2=70.62143CSo,TLMTD=68.26653C
Q=41.75617kW,Amin,21=

41.75617

68.26653

=18.34992m2

ForHE2:T1=56.5464C,T2=60.68541CSo,TLMTD=58.59154C

Q=467.71kW,Amin,22=

467.71

58.59154

=119.7383m2

Thus,
Amin,2=Amin,21+Amin,22=18.34992+119.7383=138.0882m2

h(H2)0.04(kW/Km2)

h(H1)0.1(kW/Km2)

h(CU)0.2(kW/Km )

AreaTargeting3rdPart

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Lecture19

3rdInterval

86.41818C
107.4047C

110.35C
131.3366C

h(H2)0.04(kW/Km2)

110.35C
121.4005C

h(H1)0.1(kW/Km )

HE1 48.82091 kW
86.41818C
97.46871C

HE2 546.8421 kW
86.41818C
90C

110.35C
113.9318C

h(H3)0.5(kW/Km )

HE3 128.7532 kW
43.5857C
36.7833C

66.8024C
60C

Now,

ForHE1:T1=70.62143C,T2=71.33655CSo,TLMTD=70.97839C
Q=48.82091kW,Amin,31=

48.82091
70.97839

=20.63484m2

ForHE2:T1=60.68541C,T2=61.40053CSo,TLMTD=61.04227C
Q=546.8421kW,Amin,32=

546.8421
61.04227

=134.3763m2

ForHE3:T1=53.2167C,T2=53.93182CSo,TLMTD=53.57346C

Q=128.7532kW,Amin,33=

128.7532
53.57346

=16.82311m2

Thus,
Amin,3=Amin,31+Amin,32+Amin,33=20.63484+134.3763+16.82311=171.8342m2

h(CU)0.2(kW/Km )

AreaTargeting3rdPart

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Lecture19

4thInterval

110.35C
131.3366C

122.74 C
143.7266C

h(H2)0.04(kW/Km )

122.74C
133.7905C

h(H1)0.1(kW/Km2)

HE1 25.2756 kW
110.35C
121.4005C

HE2 283.1115 kW
110.35C
113.9318C

122.74C
126.3218C

h(H3)0.5(kW/Km )

121.5818C
66.19797C

h(C1)0.01(kW/Km )

HE3 66.6582 kW
81.383C
26C

Now,

ForHE1:T1=105.34C,T2=77.529CSo,TLMTD=90.723C
Q=25.2756kW,Amin,41=

25.2756
90.723

=34.825m2

ForHE2:T1=95.401C,T2=67.593CSo,TLMTD=80.7C
Q=283.1115kW,Amin,42=

283.1115

80.7

=385.9m2

ForHE3:T1=87.932C,T2=60.124CSo,TLMTD=73.149C

Q=66.6582kW,Amin,43=

66.6582
73.149

=92.949m2

Thus,
Amin,4=Amin,41+Amin,42+Amin,43=34.825+385.9+92.949=171.8342m2=513.68m2

AreaTargeting3rdPart

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Lecture19

5thInterval

122.74C
143.7266C

147.9495 C
168.9361C

h(H2)0.04(kW/Km )

147.9495C
159C

h(H1)0.1(kW/Km )

HE151.427
122.74C
133.7905C

HE4 246.0106
122.74C
126.3218C

147.9495C
151.5313C

121.5818C
66.19797C

147.9495C
92.56567C

h(H3)0.5(kW/Km )

h(C1)0.01(kW/Km )

HE2 135.63 HE3 330.03

121.5818C

147.9495C
118C
144.3677C

Now,

ForHE1:T1=25.72657C,T2=24.56837CSo,TLMTD=25.14303C
Q=51.427kW,Amin,51=

25.14303

=55.22521m2

ForHE2:T1=8.321844C,T2=7.163644CSo,TLMTD=7.728285C

Q=135.63kW,Amin,52=

135.63

7.728285

=70.19928m2

ForHE3:T1=15.79055C,T2=14.63235CSo,TLMTD=15.2041C

h(C2)0.5(kW/Km )

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Q=330.03kW,Amin,53=

330.03

15.2041

Lecture19

=260.4797m2

ForHE4:T1=67.59256C,T2=66.43436CSo,TLMTD=67.01179C
Q=246.0106kW,Amin,54=

246.0106

67.01179

=403.8269m2

Thus,
Amin,5=Amin,51+Amin,52+Amin,53+Amin,54=55.22521+70.19928+260.4797+403.8269=789.7311m2

6thInterval

147.9495C
168.9361C

246.0135 C
267C

h(H2)0.04(kW/Km )

HE1200.0506 kW
147.9495C
151.5313C

246.0135 C
249.5953C

h(H3)0.5(kW/Km )

173.0924C
117.7086C

h(C1)0.01(kW/Km )

HE2 34.5327 kW

147.9495C
92.56567C

HE3 493.0523 kW

147.9495C
144.3677C

173.0924C
169.5106C

Now,

ForHE1:T1=76.37038C,T2=149.2915CSo,TLMTD=108.7878C
Q=200.0506kW,Amin,61=

.
.

108.7878

=229.86m2

ForHE2:T1=58.96565C,T2=131.8868CSo,TLMTD=90.58651C
Q=34.5327kW,Amin,62=

34.5327
90.58651

=38.884m2

h(C2)0.5(kW/Km )

AreaTargeting3rdPart

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Lecture19

ForHE3:T1=7.163644C,T2=80.08474CSo,TLMTD=30.20675C
Q=493.05kW,Amin,63=

493.05

30.20675

=65.29m2

Thus,
Amin,6=Amin,61+Amin,62+Amin,63=229.86+38.884+65.29=334.04m2

7thInterval

246.0135C
281.0484 C
249.59532C

284.63022C

HE2 127.7199 kW
HE160.76629 kW

173.0924C
179.6054 C

117.7086C
124.2216C

173.0924C
179.6054C

169.5106C
176.0236C

Now,

ForHE1:T1=131.8868C,T2=160.4087CSo,TLMTD=145.6827C
Q=60.76629kW,Amin,71=

.
.

145.6827

=42.54564m2

ForHE2:T1=80.08474C,T2=108.6066CSo,TLMTD=93.62272C
Q=127.7199kW,Amin,72=

127.7199
93.62272

=5.456792m2

Thus,
Amin,7=Amin,71+Amin,72=42.54564+5.456792=48.00243m2

h(H3)0.5(kW/Km )

h(C1)0.01(kW/Km )

h(C2)0.5(kW/Km )

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

8thInterval

281.0484C
284.6302C

281.1034 C
284.6852C

h(H3)0.5(kW/Km )

281.1034 C
299.06C

h(HU)0.05(kW/Km )

182.3838 C
127C

h(C2)0.5(kW/Km )

182.3838C
127C

h(C1)0.01(kW/Km )

HE10.2959kW
281.0484C
299C

HE2 54.18852 kW

179.6054C
124.2216C

HE3 25.92247 kW

179.6054C
124.2216C

Now,

ForHE1:T1=108.6066C,T2=105.8832CSo,TLMTD=107.2392C
Q=0.2959kW,Amin,81=

.
108.7878

=0.011037m2

ForHE2:T1=122.9765C,T2=120.2531CSo,TLMTD=121.6097C
Q=54.18852kW,Amin,82=

34.5327
90.58651

=9.803065m2

ForHE3:T1=174.7785C,T2=172.0551CSo,TLMTD=173.4132C
Q=25.92247kW,Amin,83=

493.05
30.20675

=17.93806m2

Thus,
Amin,8=Amin,81+Amin,82+Amin,83=0.011037+9.803065+17.93806=27.752m2

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

9thInterval

281.1034C

282.0484C

284.6852C
285.6302C

HE15.0841kW

281.1034C
281.1034 C
299.055C
300C

HE2 1376.6 kW

182.3838C

252.8424 C
178.802C
249.2606C

Now,

ForHE1:T1=105.8832C,T2=36.36964CSo,TLMTD=65.05094C
Q=5.0841kW,Amin,91=

65.05094

h(H3)0.5(kW/Km )

h(HU)0.05(kW/Km )

h(C2)0.5(kW/Km )

=0.3126m2

ForHE2:T1=120.2531C,T2=50.73945CSo,TLMTD=80.55863C
Q=1376.6kW,Amin,92=

1376.6

80.55863

=375.94m2

Thus,
Amin,9=Amin,91+Amin,92=0.3126+80.55863=376.25m2

TS=282.0484C
Ta=285.6302

10thInterval

339.4182C
343C

h(H3)0.5(kW/Km )

268.5818C
265C

h(C2)0.5(kW/Km )

HE1 308.65kW

252.8424C
249.2606C

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

Now,

ForHE1:T1=36.36964C,T2=78CSo,TLMTD=54.56326C
Q=308.65kW,Amin,91=

54.56326

=22.62695m2

Thus,
Amin,10=Amin,101=22.62695m2

Thus,totalminimumarea=Amin,i

Interval(i)
Amin,I(m2)

1
6.718035
2
138.0882
3
171.8342
4
513.68
5
789.7311
6
334.04
7
48.00243
8
27.752
9
376.25
10
22.62695
TotalArea
2428.723

Thus,minimumnetworkareafromthisalgorithm=2428.723m2

Frombathalgorithm=3006.42m2

LinearProgramming=2330m2

Thus, from here we can clearly see that the new algorithm proposed by Medardo Serna &
ArturoJimenez(2004)givesafarbetterresultforareatargetingthanthebathalgorithmand
the predicted value using this algorithm is quite close to that proposed from linear
programming(assumedasbesttarget).

Ref

1. Townsend,D.W.andLinnhoff,B.,1984,Surfaceareatargetsforheatexchanger
networks.Chem.E.AnnualRes.Meeting,Bath.UK.
2. Ahmad,S.,1985,Heatexchangernetworks:costtradeoffsIRenergyandcapital.Ph.D.
Thesis,UMIST.

AreaTargeting3rdPart

Module04

Lecture19

3. Rev,E.,Fonyo,Z.,1991.Diversepinchconceptforheatexchangenetworksynthesis:the
caseofdi6erentheattransferconditions.ChemicalEngineeringScience46(7),1623.
4. MedardoSernaandArturoJimenez.,Anareatargetingalgorithmforthesynthesisof
heatexchangernetworks,ChemicalEngineeringScience59(2004)25172520
5. Ahmad,S.,Linnhoff,B.,Smith,R.,1990.Costoptimumheatexchangernetworks2
targetsanddesignfordetailedcapitalcostmodels.Computers&ChemicalEngineering
14(7),751.
6. Linnhoff,B.,Ahmad,S.,1990.Costoptimumheatexchangernetworks1minimum
energyandcapitalusingsimplemodelsforcapitalcost.Computers&Chemical
Engineering14(7),729.
7. Linnhoff,B.,Flower,J.R.,1978.Synthesisofheatexchangernetworks.PartI:systematic
generationofenergyoptimalnetworks.A.I.Ch.E.,Journal24,633.
8. Gundersen,T.andGrossmann,I.E.,1988,ImprovedOptimizationstrategiesfor
automatedheatexchangernetworksynthesisthroughphysicalinsight.AIChEAnnual
Meeting,PaperNo.81g,Washington,DC.