THC HNH MATLAB C BN

WORKSHEET 4: V TH TRONG MATLAB

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Mc ch:
Worksheet ny gii thiu v cng vic v th trong MATLAB.
Yu cu:
-

Sinh vin thc hnh bng phn mm Matlab trn phng my, c k phn luyn tp
trc khi lm bi tp.

Kt qu c lu li trong th mc MSSV_HoTen

Thi gian thc hnh: 4 tit.

Luyn tp:
MATLAB c rt nhiu ty chn cho vic v th. Lnh quan trng nht l plot, lnh ny
tng c lm vic trong worksheet 2. Ngoi ra cn c hai lnh ph thm l fplot v ezplot
t Symbolic Toolbox.
Ezplot
Lnh d v th nht l ezplot v n c th gi ra t Symbolic Toolbox. Trong dng lnh
ezplot(f), n s v biu thc f =f(x) qua min x mc nh (-2,2). Trong dng lnh ezplot(f,
[a,b]), n s v hm f = f(x) vi a < x < b.
V d: Lnh ezplot(cos(x)) s v nh hnh sau:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

V d: Lnh ezplot(x^3-2*x+1,[-2,2]) s v nh hnh sau:

V d: Chng ta c th t nhiu lnh v trong mt mn hnh th bng cch s dng lnh

hold ngay sau lnh v th th nht v lnh hold off sau lnh cui cng.

Ngay sau khi g cc lnh, mt tp cc th c v trn mt mn hnh nh hnh sau:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

fplot
Mt lnh khc d dng s dng v th l lnh fplot. Trong dng fplot(f,[a,b]), lnh
ny s v biu thc f = f(x) vi a < x < b. Trong dng fplot(f,[a,b,c,d]), n s v biu thc f =
f(x) vi a < x < b v cc gi tr ca f thuc vng (c,d). Trong dng fplot([f,g,h,...],[a,b]), n s
v cc hm f,g,h, trong mt ca s th vi a < x < b. Dng fplot([f,g,h,...],[a,b,c,d]), n
s v cc hm f,g,h,... trong mt ca s vi a < x < b v cc gi tr hm thuc (c,d).
V d: G fplot(x^4-3*x^2-2*x,[-2,2]) ta c:

V g fplot(x^4-3*x^2-2*x,[-2,2,-1,1]) ta c:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

V d: G fplot([cos(x),sin(x),sin(2*x)],[0.1,14]) ta nhn c:

v g fplot([tan(x),sin(x),cos(x)],2*pi*[-1 1 -1 1]) ta nhn c:

Cng c th la chn cc tnh nht nh mu sc, kiu ng v k t v vi lnh fplot. Tuy

nhin, ta s tho lun vn ny khi cp n lnh plot.

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

plot
Lnh plot trong MATLAB l lnh c s dng nhiu trong cc lnh v th. Vi dng
plot(x,y) n s v vector x ngang vi vector y. Thng thng vector y l mt hm s ca vector
x, nh v d sau y.
V d: thc hin v hm f(x) = sin(x2/2) trong 100 on bng nhau t -1 n 7, ta g
nh sau:

v nhn c:

V d: Lnh x = linspace(-3,3,50); y=sin(x)-cos(2*x); v plot(x,y,r) s nhn c:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

K t r thit lp mu (red). Nu ta g plot(x,y,go) chng ta nhn c mu xanh (g green) v k t v l hnh trn.

Lnh plot a vo nhiu dng tham s plot(x,y,s). Gi tr s y l mt chui cc k t

nm gia hai du ngoc n, biu th cho mu sc, kiu ng v k t hin th. Cc ty chn
mu trong lnh plot (hoc fplot) l:
b

Blue

Green

Red

Cyan

Mangeta

Yellow

Black

V cc ty chn kiu ng v:
-

Solid

Dotted

-.

Dashdot

--

dashed

V ty chn kiu k t hin th:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

.

Point

Circle

x-mark

plus

Star

Square

diamond

Hu ht cc k t plot c th c tm thy khi g lnh help plot.

Lnh plot c th s dng thit lp nhiu th vi nhau. Biu thc c dng

plot(x1,y2,s1,x2,y2,s2,x3,y3,s3,...) ni cc th cng cp ba (x1,y1,s1), (x2,y2,s2), ....
V d: th ca sinx cos(2x) v sinx.cosx c v trong on (0,5) s dng 100 im.

Hm th nht c mu xanh v k t hnh trn v hm th hai c mu en v kiu ng

chm.

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

Bi tp
Bi 1:
V cc hm sin(x), trong vng (-1,2) s dng ezplot, fplot,v plot. Lu rng khi v
bn n nh ngha mt vector ca cc on bng nhau trong khong (-1, 2). Cho hin th cc
th ny trn mt ca s c lp v cng hin th.
S dng lnh plot v th hm sin(x) vi x thuc (0, 3). u tin s dng 20 im
v mu en, sau s dng 100 im v mu , kiu ng l dashed. Cho hin th th.
G lnh fplot([sin(x),x-x^3],[-2,2]) v th sin(x) v x - x3/2 trong vng (-2,2) trn
mt ca s. Sau g x = linspace(-2,2,100); y=sin(x); z=x-(x.^3)./2; plot(x,y,x,z) c
c cc th trn mt ca s s dng lnh plot. Hin th cc th ny.
V th hm s cos(x) v 1 - x2/2 on (-2,2) trn mt th: u tin s dng fplot, sau
s dng lnh plot. Hin th cc th ny.
G on code sau v gii thch khi n c v trn th.
x = 1:20
y = 20:-1:1
plot(x,y,+)
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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

G on code sau v gii thch khi n c v trn th:
x = 1:20;
y = 20:-1:1;
z=4*sqrt(x);
plot(x,y,ob,x,z,:g)
Bi 2:
V cc hm sin(x), sin(x 1), sin(x 2), sin(x 3) trong cng mt ca s th vi x
thuc (-5, 5). Hin th th ny. Lp li iu ny vi cc hm sin(x), sin(x + 1), sin(x + 2),
sin(x + 3). Hin th cc th ny. Da trn hai th, xc nh mi quan h gia sin(x) v
sin(x + a) l g?
V cc hm sin(x), sin(x) + 1, sin(x) + 2, sin(x) + 3 trong cng mt ca s th vi x
thuc (-5, 5). Hin th th ny. Lp li iu ny vi cc hm sin(x), sin(x) - 1, sin(x) -2,
sin(x) - 3. Hin th cc th ny. Da trn hai th, xc nh mi quan h gia sin(x) v
sin(x) + a l g?
V cc hm 0.25sin(x), 0.5sin(x), sin(x), 2sin(x), 4sin(x) trong cng mt ca s th
vi x thuc (-2, 2). Da trn th ny, xc nh mi quan h gia sin(x) v asin(x)?
V cc hm sin(0.5x), sin(x), sin(1.5x), sin(2x), sin(2.5x), sin(3x) trong cng mt ca s
th vi x thuc (-2, 2). Hin th th. Da trn th ny, xc nh mi quan h gia
sin(x) v sin(ax)?
Bi 3:
nh ngha hm f ( x)

x2
trong on (-10,10).
x2 1

V th trn mt ca s tt c cc hm c dng f(x a) vi a = 0,1,2,3,4,5. (Gi : c

th s dng:
x = linspace(-10,10,200); f= (x.^2)./(x.^2 + 1), plot(x,y,x-1,y,x-2,y,x-3,y,x-4,y,x-5,y). Ngh
xem ti sao iu ny c th thc hin c. Lu rng c mt s khc bit nh trong khi
v th vng (-15, 10) thay v (-10,10) ).
V trn cng mt ca s cc hm f (x + a), vi x thuc (-10, 10), cho a = 0,1,2,3,4,5.
Hin th cc th ny.
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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

V trn cng mt ca s cc hm f (x) + a, vi x thuc (-10, 10), cho a = 0,1,2,3,4,5.
Hin th cc th ny.
V trn cng mt ca s cc hm af (x), vi x thuc (-10, 10), cho a = 0,1,2,3,4,5. Hin
th cc th ny.
V trn cng mt ca s cc hm f (ax), vi x thuc (-10, 10), cho a = 0,1,2,3,4,5. Hin
th cc th ny.
Bi 3:
V th hm s x, x3, ex v e^(x2) vi 0 < x < 4
V th hm s f(x) = sin(1/x) vi 0.01 < x < 0.1.
V hai hm y x 2 v y s in3x trn cng mt th, ghi ch thch
V hm s y x 3 3 x 1 s dng hm plot v fplot

Ph lc: th 2D trong Matlab

Matlab cung cp cc lnh gip v hu ht cc th 2D ph bin
nht nh: plot, bar, errorbar, vi thao tc lnh rt n gin v
mnh m.
Bn cnh vic dng lnh ta cng c th s dng cc nt cng c
dng hnh tuy nhin bi ny ti ch cp ti cc lnh, vic s
dng cng c s gii thiu bi sau.
Sau y chng ta i vo tm hiu 7 loi th c bn nht.
1. Lnh Plot v th ng
Cu trc:

plot(x,y) % v ng y(x) vi x l tn bin, y l tn hm.

plot(y) % ngm hiu l v ng y(x).

Nu y l hm phc th:

plot(real(y),imag(y)) % real(y) l phn thc, imag(y) l phn o.

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

V d:
>>x=linspace(1,10,100);

% ly 100 im trong khong (1,10)

>>y=sin(x);
>> plot(x,y)

2. Lnh Bar v th dng ct

>>x=-10:0.2:10;
>>y=-x.*x;

% ly cc gi tr t -10 n 10 cch nhau 0,2 n v.

% hm y = -x2 c th g y=-x.^2 ; ch c du chm.

>>bar(x,y)

3. Lnh Stairs v ng bc thang

>>x=0:0.25:10;
>>stairs(x,sin(x))

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

4. Lnh Errorbar v th sai s

>>x=-5:0.1:5;
>>y=erf(x);
>>e=rand(size(x))/20;
>>errorbar(x,y,e)

5. Lnh Polar v ta cc
>>x=0:0.1:2*pi;
>>polar(x,abs(sin(2*x).*cos(2*x)))

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

6. Lnh Stem v th dng cy
>>x=0:0.2:10;
>>y=sin(x.^2).*exp(-x); % ch du chm
>>stem(x,y)

7. Lnh Pie v th dng bnh

>>x=[20 47 15 13 5];
>>y=[0 0 0 1 0] % 1 nhn mnh phn 13, chn 0 chng dnh lin nhau.
>>pie(x,y)

-- Ht --

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