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TCVN 4085:2011
KT CU GCH - TIU CHUN THI CNG V NGHIM THU
Masonry structures - Code for construction and acceptance
Li ni u
TCVN 4085:2011 thay th cho TCVN 4085 : 1985.
TCVN 4085:2011 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng bin son, B Xy dng ngh, Tng
cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.
KT CU GCH - TIU CHUN THI CNG V NGHIM THU
Masonry structures - Code for construction and acceptance
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny c p dng khi thi cng v nghim thu cc kt cu xy bng gch v gch
ct thp lm t gch t st nung, gch gm, gch silict, cc loi gch khng nung, o,
hc v b tng hc trong xy dng mi, ci to nh v cng trnh.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn
ghi nm cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm
cng b th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 2231 : 1989, Vi canxi cho xy dng.
TCVN 4453 : 1995, Kt cu b tng ct thp ton khi - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu.
TCVN 4459 : 1987, Hng dn pha trn v s dng va xy dng.
TCVN 7570 : 2006, Ct liu cho b tng v va - Yu cu k thut.
3. Quy nh chung
3.1. Khi thi cng cc kt cu gch , ngoi nhng quy nh ca tiu chun ny cn phi tun
theo cc tiu chun v quy nh hin hnh ca nh nc c lin quan.
3.2. Mc cao c bn ni xy nh v cng trnh phi c xc nh theo mc cao c
nh. Cho php xc nh mc cao c bn theo cc mc c sn nhng nh v cng trnh ln
cn hoc cc mc c bit khc nu cc mc ny c c s tin cy.
3.3. Vt liu v sn phm s dng xy dng cc kt cu gch phi theo ng cc quy nh
trong cc tiu chun Nh nc hin hnh, cc ti liu k thut v cc bn v thi cng.
Khng cho php di chuyn cc kt cu gch bng dy.
3.4. Cng tc thi cng kt cu gch phi c thc hin ph hp vi thit k.
3.5. Phi s dng gch gm nguyn vin cho vic xy tng na hm bng gch. Khng cho
php s dng gch silict cho mc ch ny.
3.6. Khng cho php to l m, hc, l thi cng lm gim yu kt cu gch m khng tun th
thit k.
3.7. Tng gch chn khung phi c thc hin ph hp vi cc yu cu ca vic thi cng kt
cu gch chu lc.
4. Cng tc chun b
4.1. Mt bng v nn mng
4.1.1. Sau khi mt bng c chun b xong, phi tin hnh xc nh trc nh v cng trnh,
xc nh tim mng v ng mp h mng theo bn v thi cng.
Trn mt bng, sai lch cc kch thc theo chiu di, chiu rng nh v cng trnh c quy
nh nh sau:
- Khng vt qu 10 mm khi cc kch thc ny ti 10 m;
- Khng vt qu 30 mm khi cc kch thc ny t 100 m tr ln;
- Vi cc kch thc trung gian khc, sai lch cho php ly theo ni suy.
4.1.2. Cng tc xc nh cc mc cao , trc nh v cng trnh phi c kim tra, nghim thu
v lp thnh bin bn. Sau khi c bn giao v trong qu trnh thi cng, n v thi cng c trch
nhim bo v cc mc cao v cc cc tim ng theo kch thc v v tr.
4.1.3. Trc khi xy mng, y v thnh h mng phi c kim tra v bo v. Nc, rc phi
dn sch. Khi t y mng nho chy hoc c hin tng xu khc thng phi bo cho thit
k x l.
4.1.4. Sau khi xy xong mng, tng mng v cc ct ca tng hm, phi kim tra trc cc kt
cu ca tng th nht. sai lch do x dch trc cc kt cu khng c vt qu nhng tr s
cho php trong tiu chun nh gi cht lng cng trnh v trong Bng 1 ca tiu chun ny.
4.1.5. Nhng mng mi t st hoc gn mng cng trnh c, cc khe ln v khe co gin phi thi
cng theo ch dn ring ca thit k.
4.1.6. Khi cc h mng gn nhau c chiu su chn mng khc nhau, phi o thnh bc
chuyn t chiu su ny sang chiu su khc. T s gia chiu cao v chiu rng bc phi tun
theo nhng quy nh sau:
- Vi t st hoc st: khng ln hn 1:1, chiu cao bc khng ln hn 1 m;
- Vi t ct hoc ct: khng ln hn 1:2, chiu cao khng ln hn 0,6 m.
Nu h mng c chiu su 1 m hoc ln hn, cn c bin php bo v h mng theo ch dn
ca thit k.
4.1.7. Vic thi cng h mng phi tun theo ng nhng quy nh ca tiu chun ny v quy nh
v thi cng v nghim thu "cng tc t".
Bng 1 - sai lch cho php do x dch ca trc kt cu
n v tnh bng milimt
Loi khi xy
sai lch
1. Mng hc
20
10
3. Tng gch
10
4. Ct, tr gch
10
5.1.15. C xy xong 1 tng th phi kim tra ngang bng, ng ca khi xy (khng k nhng
ln kim tra gia chng).
5.1.16. Khng c va chm mnh, khng c vn chuyn, t vt liu, ta dng c v i li
trc tip trn khi xy ang thi cng, khi xy cn mi.
Nu xy tip trn cc khi xy c, phi co ht mc, ra sch v ri nc ln khi xy c, ri
mi tri va xy khi xy mi.
5.1.17. Trong qu trnh xy, nu pht hin vt nt phi bo ngay cho c quan ch qun v thit
k tm nguyn nhn v bin phi x l, ng thi phi lm mc theo di s pht trin ca
vt nt.
5.1.18. Khi xy xong ng khi, ng thng hi, cc mch phi y va, b mt bn trong ng khi
phi vt va cn thn, mit phng, nhn.
5.2. Khi xy hc v b tng hc
5.2.1. Trc khi xy, y h mng phi c dn sch, sa phng, hng u tin v nhng ch
gc v nhng ch chuyn tip mng, cn chn nhng vin ln, phng y xy. Nhng
vin st v nn xy pha trong khi xy hc, nhng phi dng nh chn vo ch gy.
5.2.2. Khi xy mng, phi t hc thnh tng hng cao 0,3 m, khi xy tng - mi hng cao
0,25 m.
Trong mi hng xy u phi c cc hn cu cht, to h ging theo cc yu cu di
y:
- Mi mt vung trn b mt ng ca tng phi c t nht mt hn cu di 0,40 m;
- Khi xy tng dy khng ln hn 0,40 m phi t mi mt vung 3 vin cu sut c chn
tng.
5.2.3. Khi xy ct, tr, phi t hc thnh tng hng cao 0,25 m. Cn chn nhng vin di,
dy mnh; khng nn dng vt cnh, mng. Phi b tr cc vin mt c chn cm su
vo khi xy.
Khi xy tng giao nhau, trong tng hng phi b tr cc vin cu cht cc u tng vi
nhau. Khng xy theo kiu dng bia trong cc khi xy mng, tng, ct, tr. Phi chn m
cht cc khe mch rng bn trong khun xy bng va v nh. Khng xy trng mch mt
ngoi cng nh bn trong khi xy. Khng c t tip xc trc tip vi nhau m khng m
va.
5.2.4. Khi xy hc khng thnh hng ( hc th), ngoi nhng yu cu nh i vi hc
xy thnh lp, phi tun theo nhng quy nh sau y:
- Chiu dy cc mch va khng ln hn 20 mm v phi u nhau; cc mch xy ngang dc
khng c tp trung vo thnh mt im nt, khng nhng mch cho nhau, nhng mch
ng song song, mch cho ch thp, mch va li lm;
- ln nh phi phn b u trong khi xy. Khng chn vn vo cc mch va ngoi mt
khi xy.
5.2.5. Khi xy o, chiu dy mch va khng ln hn 15 mm, mt ngoi phi phng nhn
cc gc phi xy theo kiu chng ci ln bng cc vin di, rng t nht l 0,30 m. Khi t
phi ch cho th dc vin tng i thng gc vi phng chu lc.
Mch va ng cn c nhi cht va bng bay hay bng thanh thp 10. Mch xy phi theo
ng s thit k.
5.2.6. Khng xy mng hc ni t ln. qu da (cui trn nhn) ch dng xy mng
nh khng ln hn 2 tng.
B mt tng ph ra ngoi yu cu phi phng, nhn.
5.2.7. Lp p gch (hoc ) ca khi xy hc cn phi lm cng lc vi khi xy. Cch t 4
n 6 hng gch dc, nhng khng qu 0,6 m, phi ging bng mt hng gch ngang; hng
gch ngang ny phi trng vi mch ngang ca khi tng xy hc.
5.2.8. Khi thi cng, chnh lch chiu cao gia nhng phn tng k nhau khng c ln
hn 12 m. Chiu cao ca tng (bng hc hay b tng hc) khi tm ngng trong giai on
thi cng khng c ln hn 1,2 m.
Trng hp ring (do iu kin thi cng to ra) c th tng chiu cao ngng ti 4 m nhng cn
phi c bin php m bo n nh v qu trnh lin khi ca khi xy.
5.2.9. Trc khi ngng xy, phi nht y va v chn nh vo cc khe rng bn trong hng
xy trn cng. Khi xy tip, phi tri va trn b mt hng ny.
Trong ma h, ma kh, khi ngng tm thi th phi ti nc cho khi xy hc v b tng
hc lun lun m. Trc khi tip tc thi cng, trn b mt ca hng hc v b tng hc
phi dn sch rc bn v ti nc.
5.2.10. Khi thi cng khi xy b tng hc, vic ch to hn hp b tng, dng lp v tho d
vn khun, vic kim tra cht lng b tng, dng lp v tho d vn khun, vic kim tra cht
lng b tng phi tha mn cc yu cu ca tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu TCVN 4453 :
1995.
5.2.11. Khi xy b tng hc l hn hp ca b tng v hc. Th tch hc trong b tng
chim khong 1/2 th tch khi xy.
Trong khi xy b tng hc, hn hp b tng c di theo tng lp ngang dc dy khng
ln hn 0,2 m. hc c n lin tc thnh hng vo lp b tng cho ngp qu na chiu
dy v khong cch gia cc hng t 4 mm n 6 mm. Kch thc ca vin khng c
ln hn 1/3 chiu dy ca kt cu. Khng c th vo hn hp b tng bt u dnh kt.
5.2.12. Khi xy b tng hc c m rung tng lp, hn hp b tng phi c st t 5
mm n 7 mm.
Khi khi lng cng tc nh, cho php khng m rung m dng m tay, nhng b tng phi c
st t 8 mm n 12 mm.
5.2.13. Khi thnh h mng thng ng v vng chc, cho php s dng thnh h mng thay cho
vn khun thi cng b tng hc.
5.2.14. Ch c ngng thi cng sau khi n xong hc vo lp b tng v m cht. Nu
xy tip phi dn sch rc bn v ti nc b mt lp b tng hc c ri mi bt u ri
hn hp b tng.
5.2.15. Vic bo dng khi xy hc v b tng hc trong vng kh hu nng, kh cng
phi tin hnh ging nh bo dng cho cc kt cu b tng ton khi.
5.3. Khi xy gch
5.3.1. Phn chung
5.3.1.1. Khi xy gch phi m bo nhng nguyn tc k thut thi cng sau: Ngang - bng;
ng - thng; gc - vung; mch khng trng; thnh mt khi c chc.
5.3.1.2. Va xy dng phi c cng t yu cu thit k v c do theo st ca cn
tiu chun nh sau:
- i vi tng v ct gch: t 9 cm n 13 cm;
- i vi lanh t xy va: t 5 cm n 6 cm;
- i vi cc khi xy khc bng gch: t 9 cm n 13 cm.
- Khi xy dng trong ma h hanh kh, cng nh khi xy dng cc kt cu ct, tng gch phi
chu ti trng ln, yu cu mch va phi no v c st 14 cm. Phn tng mi xy phi c
che y cn thn, trnh ma, nng v phi c ti nc thng xuyn.
5.3.1.3. Kiu cch xy v cc hng gch ging trong khi xy phi lm theo yu cu ca thit k.
Kiu xy thng dng trong khi xy l mt dc - mt ngang hoc ba dc - mt ngang.
5.3.1.4. Trong khi xy gch, chiu dy trung bnh ca mch va ngang l 12 mm. Chiu dy
tng mch va ngang khng nh hn 8 mm v khng ln hn 15 mm. Chiu dy trung bnh ca
5.3.2.4. Gch v mch va trong lanh t xy va v xy cun phi cng hng vo tm ca vng
cun. Cm t gch xy theo kiu va tin.
Nu chiu rng phn tng gia cc lanh t nh hn 1 m th phi xy tng bng va cng mc
vi va lanh t v khng nh hn 25.
5.3.2.5. Thi hn gi lanh t trn vn khun khng c nh hn cc tr s ghi trong Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Thi hn gi lanh t trn vn khun
Kt cu lanh t
Xy bng v xy gch
ct thp
Xy va v xy cun
Mc va
25 v cao hn
25 v cao hn
10
Nhit khng kh bn
ngoi trong thi hn gi
lanh t
Thi hn gi lanh t
trong vn khun
khng t hn
(oC)
(ngy m)
Di v bng + 5
24
Trn + 5 n + 10
18
Trn + 10 n + 15
12
Trn + 15 n + 20
Trn + 20
Di v bng + 5
10
Trn + 5 n + 10
Trn + 10
Di v bng + 5
20
Trn + 5 n + 10
15
Trn + 10
10
Trong cc phng c
m khng kh
bnh thng
Trong cc cu kin
xy ngoi tri
Dm v ct
20
25
30
Tng
10
15
20
5.3.5.6. Trong khi xy vm, v ch nn dng va, xi mng poc lng, khng c dng va xi
mng poc lng x v xi mng poc lng pu-d-lan cng nh cc loi xi mng khc ng cng
chm, nhit thp.
5.3.5.7. Sau khi xy xong phn tng chn vm, v mng nu nhit khng kh cao hn 10
o
C, th t nht 7 ngy mi c bt u xy vm v v mng. Nu nhit t 5 oC n 10 oC th
thi hn trn ko di 1,5 ln, nu t 1 oC n 5 oC - th ko di 2 ln.
Nu chn vm l b tng ct thp lp ghp c t dy ko th vic xy khi xy vm c th bt
u ngay sau khi xy xong phn chn vm v trc c lc tho d vn khun.
5.3.5.8. Vic cng dy ko trong cc vm v v mng hnh tr, v mng cong hai chiu phi lm
ngay sau khi xy xong khi xy v trc lc tho d vn khun.
5.3.5.9. Vic tho d vn khun phi lm nh nhng theo trnh t i trn ton din vm, v
mng. Trc ht tho nm hoc hp ct iu chnh chn chng h ton b vn khun xung t
0,1 m n 0,15 m. Sau khi kim tra khng thy cc hin tng nt v, sp mi c tho d
hn vn khun.
5.3.5.10. i vi v mng cong hai chiu c din tch l chim ti 1/4 chiu rng v th trnh t
tho d vn khun phi theo ch dn ca thit k.
5.3.5.11. Sau khi tho vn khun v mng cong hai chiu, v mng hnh tr, mi cho php xy
cc tng vt u hi.
5.3.5.12. Sau khi xy xong v mng hnh tr, v mng cong hai chiu v ch tip gip gia cc
nhp ca ln sng, thi hn gi vn khun phi m bo:
- Khi nhit khng kh cao hn 10 oC: khng t hn 7 ngy;
- Khi nhit thp hn: thi hn tng nh quy nh trong 5.3.5.7 ca tiu chun ny.
5.3.5.13. Khi xy v mng hnh tr, v mng cong hai chiu v vm, phi xy ng thi t hai
chn dn vo gia. Cc mch va phi u v chiu dy v c. Nu khi xy dng va xi
mng th phi bo dng (ti m v che nng) trong ba ngy u sau khi xy xong. Khi xy
vm nhp ln hn 2 m phi theo cc quy nh trong 5.3.2.2, 5.3.2.3, 5.3.2.4, 5.3.2.5 ca tiu
chun ny.
5.3.5.14. B mt trn ca khi xy v mng phi trt bng va xi mng. Trc khi trt cn ti
nc thng xuyn ln mt khi xy.
5.3.5.15. Thi hn cho php bt u cht ti trng ln mt v mng hnh tr v v mng cong hai
chiu c quy nh nh sau:
- Khi nhit khng kh ln hn 10 oC: 7 ngy;
- Khi nhit khng kh nh hn 10 oC: thi hn trn c tng theo quy nh trong 5.3.5.7 ca
tiu chun ny.
Khi cht ti trng ln mt v mng v vm sm hn thi hn cho php th phi gi nguyn vn
khun, gio chng. Khng c xy cc lp cch nhit v lp mi gy ti trng tc thi v mt
pha ca v mng v vm.
5.3.6. Nhng yu cu b sung cho thi cng cc kt cu gch trong vng ng t
5.3.6.1. Khi thi cng cc khi xy gch trong vng ng t, cn phi c bit ch m bo
bm dnh gia gch v va.
Trc khi xy gch phi ra sch bi v bn. Sau khi ngng, nu tip tc thi cng phi ti
nc ln hng gch trn cng ca khi xy.
Gch nung bng t st, thin nhin nh rng, c tnh ho nc cao, trc khi xy phi ngm
nc t nht l 1 min.
5.3.6.2. Va xy phi dng loi va do (c ph gia), st ca va phi m bo nh sau:
- T 6 cm n 8 cm - i vi khi xy nng (khi lng th tch ln hn 1800 kg/cm 3);
Phi p mt tng trong phng trc khi lt sn. Sau khi p xong phi ra v lau sch mt p.
i vi tng p bng mt bng, phi dng nc nng ra k ri ly gi kh lau sch.
chnh ca cc cnh gia cc tm p vi nhau, hoc gia cnh tm p vi cnh ca chi tit
kin trc khng c ln hn 0,5 mm.
5.3.7.6. p gch men, gch gm
5.3.7.6.1. Trc khi p phi t xong h thng v ng dy in khut. Kt cu c p phi
chc, trc khi p phi ty sch cc vt va dnh, vt du, vt bn trn b mt. Nu mt p c
ch g gh trn 15 mm v nghing lch so vi phng thng ng trn 15 mm th phi sa bng
va xi mng. Mt tng trt v mt b tng trc khi p phi nh xm, mt va trt ch p
khng c ln hn 5 cm v khng ln hn chiu rng ca vin gch p.
5.3.7.6.2. Gch p khng c cong, vnh, bn, , m men. Cc gc cnh p phi u, cc
cnh phi thng sc. Trc khi p phi ra sch gch p.
Va p phi dng ct ra sch v xi mng poc lng mc khng nh hn 300, mc va phi
ng yu cu thit k. Chiu dy lp va lt t 6 mm n 10 mm, chiu dy mch p khng
c ln hn 2 mm v chn y xi mng lng.
5.3.7.6.3. Sau khi p, mt p phi t nhng yu cu sau:
- Gch p ng kiu cch, kch thc, mu sc, cc mt p phi ngang bng, thng ng, sai
lch theo ng yu cu ca thit k;
- Lp va di gch p phi c (kim tra bng cch g ln cc vin gch p, cc vin bp phi
g ra p li);
- Khi mit mch xong phi c sch mt p, khng li vt va;
- Vt st m cnh gch p theo yu cu ca thit k;
- Khi kim tra bng thc di 1 m, khe h gia thc v mt p khng c ln hn 2 mm.
5.3.7.7. Kim tra v nghim thu
Khi kim tra v nghim thu cng tc trt, lt, p cn phi cn c theo cc quy nh ca tiu chun
ny, ng thi phi tun theo cc quy nh ca tiu chun nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng,
tiu chun nh gi cht lng cng trnh.
6. Nghim thu cc kt cu gch
6.1. Vic nghim thu cng tc thi cng kt cu gch phi c tin hnh trc khi trt b mt.
Cng tc nghim thu phi cn c theo cc ti liu v cc tiu chun sau:
- Thit k nh v cng trnh;
- Bn v thi cng nh v cng trnh;
- Nht k cng trnh;
- Cc ti liu v a cht nn, mng;
- Bin bn th nghim va v cc loi vt liu;
- Tiu chun nh gi cht lng cng trnh;
- Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu cc kt cu gch ;
- Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng.
6.2. Cng tc nghim thu phi tin hnh:
- Kim tra mc hon thnh cng tc thi cng theo yu cu ca thit k, v cc ti liu lin
quan khc;
- Lp bin bn ghi r cc sai st pht hin trong qu trnh nghim thu, quy nh r thi gian sa
cha v nh gi cht lng cng trnh.
6.3. Khi nghim thu cng tc thi cng cc kt cu gch , phi kim tra nhng vic sau:
i vi kt cu bng
hc v b tng hc
i vi kt cu gch o
c hnh dng u n, blc,
tm ln
Mng
Tng
Ct
Mng
Tng
Ct
- Chiu dy kt cu
30
20
20
15
15
10
- Cao ca cc khi xy v cc
tng
-25
-15
-15
-10
-10
+15
+15
15
-20
20
20
20
10
20
10
15
10
10
10
20
20
15
10
10
30
30
30
30
20
30
20
15
15
10
15
15
- X dch trc cc kt cu
2. Sai lch mt phng v gc gia 2
mt phng ca khi xy so vi
phng thng ng:
- Mt tng
4. g gh trn b mt thng
ng khi xy (pht hin khi kim
tra bng thc 2 m):
- Trn b mt khng trt
- Trn b mt c trt
MC LC
Li ni u
1. Phm vi p dng
2. Ti liu vin dn
3. Quy nh chung
4. Cng tc chun b
4.1. Mt bng v nn mng
4.2. Vt liu
4.3. Va xy dng
4.4. Gin gio, vn khun
5. Thi cng
5.1. Cc yu cu khi thi cng
5.2. Khi xy hc v b tng hc
5.3. Khi xy gch
5.3.1. Phn chung
5.3.2. Khi xy lanh t
5.3.3. Khi xy mi ua, tng chn khung, tng mt
5.3.4. Khi xy gch ct thp
5.3.5. Khi xy vm, v mng
5.3.6. Nhng yu cu b sung cho thi cng cc kt cu gch trong vng ng t
5.3.7. Trt, lt, p
6. Nghim thu cc kt cu gch