Alcatel HC Tech

Phn 1: Tng quan v tng i Alcatel 1000
E10
1. Gii thiu chung v tng i Alcatel 1000 E10:
1.1 V tr:
+ H thng OCB 283 l h thng chuyn mch hon ton s c pht
trin gn y nht t tng i Alcatel E10 (OCB 181) bi CIT. Vi tnh
a nng tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 c th m ng cc chc nng
ca 1 tng i hon chnh, t tng i thu bao dung lng nh ti tng
i chuyn tip hay ca ng quc t dung lng ln.
Tng i E10 vi dung lng khng cao: dung lng iu
khin cuc gi ln nht l 1.2 MBHCA (1.2 triu cuc th
gi bn), tng ng vi 336 CA/s (336 cuc th/s); trong
cu hnh ln nht mng chuyn mch c th kt ni 2048
ng PCM hoc 60000 mch, v vy n c th iu khin
lu lng ca 25000 Erlang. Tng i E10 ny c th kt
ni 200000 thu bao hn hp, t 400000 n 900000 thu
bao di ng.
Tng i E10 vi dung lng cao: dung lng iu khin
cuc gi ln nht l 8.4 MBHCA (8.4 triu cuc th gi
bn), tng ng vi 2352 CA/s (2352 cuc th/s); trong
cu hnh ln nht mng chuyn mch c th kt ni 16384
ng lin kt 2Mbit/s hoc 480000 mch, v vy n c th
iu khin lu lng ca 200000 Erlang. Tng i E10 ny
c th kt ni 500000 thu bao hn hp, t 1.6 triu n 3.6
triu thu bao di ng.
+ H thng thch hp vi mi loi hnh mt dn s, cc m bo hiu
v cc mi trng kh hu, n to ra nhng li nhun cao cho tt c cc
dch v thng tin hin i nh : in thoi thng thng, ISDN, cc
dch v nghip v, in thoi v tuyn t bo (in thoi di ng) v
cc ng dng mng thng minh.
+ c thit k vi cu trc m, n gm 3 phn h chc nng c lp
(c lin kt vi nhau bi cc giao tip chun):
Phn h ng dng u ni cc ng dy thu bao tng t,
s...
Phn h iu khin v u ni c nhim v qun l chuyn

mch ATM v cc chc nng x l cuc gi.
Phn h vn hnh v bo dng qun l tt c cc chc
nng cho php ngi iu hnh h thng s dng h thng
v bo dng n theo trnh t cc cng vic thch hp.
BSC: B iu khin trm gc.

BTS: Trm v tuyn gc.
CN: B tp trung s.
CSN: n v truy cp thu bao s.
PRAD: Truy cp tc s cp, c kt ni trc tip
ti tng i.
SCP: im iu khin dch v.
SMP: im qun l dch v.
Hnh 1: Tng i Alcatel E10 trong mng vin

thng.
+ Trong mi phn h chc nng, nguyn tc c bn l phn phi cc

chc nng gia cc mdun phn cng v phn mm. Nguyn tc ny
to ra nhng thun li sau:
p ng nhu cu v u t trong giai on lp t ban u.
Pht trin dn nng lc x l v u ni.

Ti u an ton hot ng.
Nng cp cng ngh d dng v c lp i vi cc phn
khc nhau ca h thng.
+ c lp t nhiu nc, tng i E10 c th thm nhp vo mng
vin thng rng khp (mng quc gia v mng quc t):
Cc mng in thoi: tng t v/ hoc s, ng b hay
khng ng b.
Cc mng bo hiu s 7 CCITT (y l c s ca mng
thng minh).
Mng b sung gi tr ( l cc dch v cung cp cho ngi
s dng mng v c kh nng xm nhp qua mng. V d:
Th in t, videotex v cc dch v thng bo chung vv...).
Cc mng s liu.
Cc mng vn hnh v bo dng.
Mng di ng.
1.2 Cc ng dng h thng:
+ Khi truy nhp thu bao xa (Tng i v tinh).
+ Tng i ni ht.
+ Tng i chuyn tip (gm c ni ht, trung k hay ca ng quc t).
+ Tng i ni ht / chuyn tip.
+ Tng i qu giang.
+ Tp trung thu bao.
2. Cu trc chc nng:

2.1 S khi tng qut:
Tng i Alcatel E10 gm 3 khi chc nng ring bit l:
+ Phn h ng dng: u ni cc ng thu bao tng t v thu
bao s...
+ Phn h iu khin v u ni: Thc hin chc nng u ni v x l

gi.
+ Phn h vn hnh v bo dng: H tr mi chc nng cn thit cho
vn hnh v bo dng.
Mi khi chc nng c phn mm ring ph hp vi chc nng m n
m nhim.
Mng bo hiu s 7
CCITT
Phn h
ng dng
NT
Phn h
iu
khin
v u
ni
Mng in thoi
Mng b sung
Mng s liu
phn h
Vn
hnh v
bo d-ng
Mng vn hnh
v
bo dng
PABX
PABX: Tng i nhnh t ng ring (Tng i c quan).

NT: Kt cui mng.
Hnh 2: Tng i Alcatel E10 v cc mng thng tin.

2.2 Cu to v chc nng mi phn h:
2.2.1 Phn h ng dng:
Tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 cung cp linh hot cc dch v cho tt c cc
thu bao nng thn hay thnh th. N c th:
+ Kt ni cc thu bao s: loi (2B+D) vi tc 144 Kbit/s v loi
(30B+D) vi tc 2 Mbit/s.
+ Kt ni cc thu bao tng t.

+ Kt ni cc thu bao vi ng dy thu bao s bt i xng
(ADSL).
+ Kt ni cc mng truy cp theo giao din V5.2.
+ Kt ni trc tip cc cng truy cp tc s cp n tng i.
+ Qun l cc ng thu bao ring (chc nng quay s trc tip).
n v truy cp thu bao s (CSN) l n v kt ni cc thu bao ti tng
i Alcatel. Hai n v khc l CSE (b tp trung in t v tinh) v URA
(n v kt ni thu bao th h hai) cng c s dng tp trung cc
ng thu bao.
CN: B tp trung s.
CSN: n v truy cp thu bao s.
PRAD: Truy cp tc s cp, kt ni trc tip ti tng
i.
V5.1, V5.2: Giao din V5.1, V5.2.
Hnh 3: Kt ni thu bao ti tng i Alcatel

E10.
2.2.1.1 Kt ni cc ng thu bao theo CSN:
n v truy cp thu bao s (CSN) gm cc b tp trung s (CN). Tu

thuc vo yu cu m cc CN c thit lp gn (CNL) hoc xa (CNE)
CSN. Tng t, CSN c thit lp xa hoc gn tng i. Cu trc tp
trung ng thu bao hai mc ny cho php s dng ti u thit b phc
v nhng vng tp trung ng c hoc tha tht thu bao.
CSN c kt ni ti tng i theo cc ng PCM (iu xung m) chun
nu l CSND (n v truy cp thu bao s v tinh) hoc theo cc ng LR
(lin kt ma trn) nu l CSNL (n v truy cp thu bao s ni ht).
CSN c th c dng kt ni:
+ Cc thu bao s vi cc b quay s.
+ Cc thu bao s vi cc b nt bm DTMF.
+ Cc thu bao s vi truy cp ADSL.
+ Cc thu bao s tc c s (2B + D).
+ Cc thu bao s tc s cp (30B + D).
2.2.1.2 Kt ni cc thu bao ADSL qua CSN MM (CSN a phng tin, a
dch v):
K thut ADSL (ng dy thu bao s bt i xng) c s dng
truyn d liu s tc cao hn so vi ng thu bao thng thng gm
mt cp dy ng. hai u ca ng dy (v tr ca thu bao v thit b
kt ni) c gn vi moem ADSL.
Vi vic truyn d liu, moem ADSL s dng di tn s trn di tn gc
ca tn hiu in thoi. Cc b lc hai u s tch lung tn hiu thoi t
lung d liu tc cao. V th, hai lung thng tin ny c th cng tn ti
m khng gy ra nhiu.
Truyn d liu trong ADSL l truyn khng ng b. Trong iu kin tt
nht, tc ng d liu xung (t mng n thu bao) c th t ti 6
Mbit/s v tc ng d liu ln (t thu bao n mng) c th t ti 640
Kbit/s. Tc ln nht cho mi hng tu thuc vo khong cch t thu
bao ti thit b kt ni (khong cch ti a vi cp thu bao hin nay l
5km).
1. CSN MM (n v truy cp thu bao s a phng tin, a dch v):
CSN MM l CSN tc cao c th kt ni cc thu bao ADSL.
CN MM (b tp trung s a phng tin, a dch v) c cc n v kt

cui (UT) kt ni cc thu bao ADSL v UT truyn d liu tc cao.
CSN MM cung cp chuyn mch ATM tp trung cc ng ADSL.
CSN MM qun l hai lung d liu:
+ Lung d liu tc cao ca cc thu bao ADSL, l lung ATM.
Sau khi tp trung li, n c truyn trn cc ng SDH (phn cp s
ng b) vi tc 155 Mbit/s.
+ Lung tn hiu thoi tc thp ca cc thu bao ADSL v cc thu
bao khc (tng t v s).
Mt vi b tp trung s ni ht a phng tin, a mc ch (CNL MM)
v b tp trung s thu bao xa a phng tin, a mc ch (CNE MM) c
th c s dng.
A: Giao din ra.

ADSL: ng thu bao s bt i xng.
ANT: Kt cui mng ADSL.
ATM: Ch truyn khng ng b.
B: Giao din vo.
CN MM: B tp trung s a phng tin, a dch v.
CSN MM: n v truy cp thu bao s a phng tin, a dch v.
IMA: Dn knh ngc cho ATM.
LR: Lin kt ma trn.
MM: a phng tin, a dch v.
SDH: Phn cp s ng b.
2. Truy cp mng di hp:

T tng i E10, thu bao ADSL c coi nh nhng thu bao tng t
c bit c kt ni theo UT ca ADSL. Lung tn hiu thoi tc thp
c iu khin v qun l theo cch thng thng.
3. Truy cp mng di rng:
Lung d liu tc cao c hng t CSN MM ti mng din rng.
Truy cp ti mng din rng c qun l:
+ Cc lnh ca in thoi vin thit lp v duy tr cc UT.
+ Cc ng dng c bit c gi l TOP cho cu hnh dch v, cc
cng ATM
2.2.1.3 Giao din V5.2:
Giao din V5.2 l mt giao din chun cho vic kt ni cc mng truy
cp. Mt s thit b tp trung ng thu bao vi cc giao thc ca giao din
V5.2 c th c kt ni ti tng i E10.
Cc in thoi vin ca mng truy cp (AN) v ca tng i ni ht c
chia s trch nhim. in thoi vin mng truy cp chu trch nhim v vic
duy tr truy cp v cc ng thu bao. in thoi vin tng i ni ht qun
l cc dch v ti cc thu bao v tnh cc cuc gi.
Cc mng truy cp c kt ni ti tng i theo cc ng PCM 2048
Kbit/s. Giao din V5.2 c 16 ng PCM c kt ni trc tip ti tng i
Alcatel E10.
2.2.1.4 Kt ni truy cp trc tip tc s cp:
Cc cng truy cp tc s cp (30B + D) c th c kt ni trc tip

ti tng i Alcatel E10. Kiu kt ni ny gi l PRAD (truy cp tc s
cp, kt ni trc tip ti tng i), tr nhng trng hp s dng thit b kt
ni c bit.
2.2.1.5 Chc nng quay s trc tip:
Cng ty thu dch v quay s trc tip t mng ca tng i m cc in
thoi vin qun l. Cng ty s dng chc nng ny c li t:
+ C th chn nhng s ngn hn nu cc cuc gi trong ni b cng
ty.
+ C th truy cp ti nhiu dch v b sung.
ng thu bao ring: Trong phm vi quay s trc tip, cc ng thu
bao kt ni ti tng i E10 c gi l ng thu bao ring. N c th l
cc ng:
Tng t.
S vi tc c bn (2B + D).
S vi tc s cp (30B + D).
ng thu bao ring c kt ni bi: cc CN, kt ni t CSN c th
qua cc CN hoc giao din V5.X.
2.2.2 Phn h iu khin v u ni:
OCB LAN: Mng cc b ca OCB.

RCH: Mng chuyn mch tc cao.
SMA: Trm iu khin ph tr.
SMB: Trm iu khin chung.
SMB A: SMB vi chc nng ph tr.
SMB C: SMB vi chc nng iu khin.
SMB T: SMB vi chc nng kt cui.
SMB X: SMB vi chc nng ma trn.
SMM: Trm iu khin bo dng.
10
2.2.2.1 Trm c s thi gian v ng b (STS):

1. Cu trc v chc nng ca STS:
b to tn hiu ng b
thit b
PHN PHI
c s
c s thi gian
ng b
OCS 0
logic a s
(mcxa)
CSNL
HIS 0
2048 KHz
ng
b
bn
ngoi
SMT
SMB-T
OSC 1
SMA
SMB-A
HIS 1
OSC 2
logic a s
(mcxb)
trm tn hiu thi gian v

ng b
(sts)
MCXA: Nhnh A ca ma trn chuyn mch chnh.
MCXB : Nhnh B ca ma trn chuyn mch chnh.
HIS
: Giao din ng b bn ngoi.
11
OSC
: B giao ng.
CSNL : n v truy nhp thu bao s gn.
SMA
: Trm iu khin thit b ph tr.
SMB A: Trm iu khin chung vi chc nng ph tr.
SMT
: Trm iu khin trung k.
SMB T : Trm iu khin chung vi chc nng kt cui.
Hnh 6: To v phn phi tn hiu thi gian.

Trm STS c nhim v to v phn phi cc tn hiu thi gian. Bao gm:
+ Mt khi c s thi gian BBT (n v tn hiu ng b c s) c cu
trc bi 3. BBT c nhim v phn phi cc tn hiu thi gian cn thit
ti cc trm iu khin ma trn chuyn mch ca h thng tng i
Alcatel E10 OCB283. Khi ny dng nguyn l logic a s trong phn
phi tn hiu thi gian v pht hin li nhm mc ch t c tin
cy cao.
+ Mt hoc hai module giao din ng b bn ngoi (HIS). HIS l
nhng n v ng b c thit k cho mng ng b theo kiu
ch/t. Giao din HIS nhn cc tuyn ni ng b (ti a 4 im thm
nhp) t mi trng bn ngoi thng qua mt hoc nhiu trm iu
khin trung k SMT v la trn tuyn ni c mc u tin cao nht. Cc
module HIS dng cc tn hiu clock ly ra t mch s ti t trm SMT.
HIS thc hin qun l, b vo cc tn hao trn tt c cc tuyn ng b
thng qua cc b giao ng n nh. Trm ng b v c s thi gian
to ra cc tn hiu ng b dng cho cc n v u ni CSNL, SMA,
SMB A, SMT, SMB T qua SMB X.
Cc tn hiu ng b to ra bi 3 ng h ca STS c gi i bng cch
phn phi kp ti mi nhnh ca ma trn chuyn mch chnh (to nn mt
s trm SMB X). Chng bao gm mt tn hiu ng b chung 8MHz,
c phn phi (theo s la chn logic a s) ti cc giao din ng ni
ma trn ILR, v t ti cc trm CSNL, SMA, SMB A, SMT, SMB
T.
2. Cc ch hot ng ca trm c s thi gian:
+ Giao tip vi vng cnh bo: Thc hin chc nng phng v, STS
pht cc cnh bo do cc giao tip ng b ngoi v BBT to ra ri
chuyn vo vng cnh bo.
+ m bo c th hot ng t tr v chng li mi tc ng nguy
him m cc tc ng ny c th lm gim cht lng cc tn s c
truyn v m bo cho s hot ng ca tng i, STS t ng to ra 4
iu kin :
12
Vng hot ng ng b bnh thng: Khi STS ng b vi

t nht mt ng h ng b ngoi.
Vng t tr bnh thng: Khi STS khng cn ng b vi
ng h ngoi. Cc tn s c truyn do HIS to ra, HIS s
nh gi tr tn s khi mt ng b. n nh tn s ca
ng h ny vo khong 4.10-10 v c duy tr trong 72
gi.
Vng BBT giao ng t do: Hai giao tip ng b ngoi
khng lm vic. BBT khng c ng b ngoi. BBT s dng
tn s do bn thn n to ra (n nh tn s trc khi mt
HIS). n nh tn s khong 4.10-6 v duy tr trong
khong 72 gi.
Vng giao ng t do: Trm c s dng m khng cn
ng ng b. n nh vo khong 10-9 v duy tr trong
khong vi thng.
2.2.2.2 Trm iu khin thit b ph tr (SMA):

1. Vai tr ca trm iu khin thit b ph tr (SMA):
Trm iu khin thit b ph tr cung cp cc chc nng sau:
+ ETA: Qun l thit b ph tr (qun l cc m bo v cc thit b ph
tr).
+ PUPE: X l giao thc bo hiu s 7 (x l giao thc bo hiu s 7
CCITT) khi tng i khng c trang b SMB A.
+ AN: Mng truy cp qun l cc giao din V5.2 c s dng kt
ni cc mng truy cp v PRAD (truy cp tc s cp, kt ni trc
tip ti tng i).
Tu theo cu hnh v lu lng c iu khin, 1 SMA c th cung cp
phn mm qun l thit b ph tr (ETA), phn mm x l bo hiu s 7
(PUPE), phn mm mng truy cp (AN), hoc c 3.
Trm iu khin thit b ph tr bao gm cc phn t ph tr ca tng
i OCB 283. Cc phn t ny l:
+ Cc b thu pht a tn.
+ Cc mch thoi hi ngh.
+ Cc b to m bo.
+ Cc b thu / pht bo hiu s 7.
2. Cu trc chc nng:
13
Trm iu khin thit b ph tr (SMA) c ni ti ma trn chuyn

mch chnh.
SMA c th c cc bng mch sau:
+ 1 b ni ghp chnh (CMP).
+ Tu theo kh nng x l cuc gi ca h thng m cn c:
n v x l chnh (PUP).
1 n v x l th cp (PUS).
1 b nh chung (MC).
B chuyn dng cho bo hiu s 7.
+ Bus trm iu khin (BSM).
2.2.2.3 Trm iu khin chung (SMB):

V cu trc chc nng, cc trm SMB c CMP, PUP, PUS (tu thuc vo
kiu v s phn mm chc nng) v bus nh a x l (MMB).
1. Trm iu khin chung vi chc nng kt cui (SMB T):
SMB T l trm iu khin chc nng chung vi cc n v kt cui
tng i (ETU) kt ni cc ng SDH 155 Mbit/s. Mt ETU ni cc
ng SDH s ni tng ng 63 ng PCM. SMB T c cc b kh
nhiu di c h tr bi cc ETU c bit. Cc b kh nhiu di to thnh
nhm c qun l ng bi cc chc nng qun l cuc gi.
Phn mm chc nng qun l kt cui gm:
ML HD (phn mm chc nng qun l cc ng tc
cao) qun l cc ng SDH.
ML URM (phn mm chc nng qun l PCM) qun l
cc ng 2 Mbit/s.
2. Trm iu khin chung vi chc nng ph tr (SMB A):
V cu trc chc nng th c thm b ghp ni ph (CMS) khi b ghp
ni chnh khng c kh nng kt ni tt c cc thnh phn ca mng LAN.
Phn mm chc nng l ML PUPE (phn mm chc nng iu khin giao
thc bo hiu s 7).
3. Trm iu khin chung vi chc nng iu khin (SMB C):
14
Trm iu khin chung vi chc nng iu khin (SMB C) tr gip

cc chc nng sau:
+ MR (iu khin cuc gi): X l cuc gi (thit lp v gii phng cc
kt ni).
+ CC (iu khin thng tin): X l p dng cho im chuyn mch
dch v SSP.
+ TR (phin dch) : C s d liu.
+ TX (tnh cc): Tnh cc thng tin.
+ MQ (phn b bn tin) : Thc hin phn phi bn tin.
+ GX (qun l ma trn) : Qun l u ni.
+ PC (qun l bo hiu s 7) : Qun l mng bo hiu.
Tu theo cu hnh v lu lng c iu khin, mt hay nhiu cc chc
nng ny c th c cp bi SMB C.
V cu trc chc nng th SMB C gm CMP, PUP, PUS ( qun l
cc chc nng iu khin thay i), CMS, bus MMB.
Qun l mng bo hiu (PC) thc hin cc chc nng sau:
+ Qun l mng bo hiu (1 phn ca mc 3)
+ Bo v PUPE
+ Cc chc nng gim st khc.
X l gi ( MR):
X l gi MR c trch nhim thit lp v gii phng cuc gi. MR a ra
nhng quyt nh cn thit x l cc cuc gi vi cc danh mc bo hiu
nhn c v sau khi tham kho b qun l c s d liu thu bao v phn
tch (TR). B x l gi (MR) x l cc cuc gi mi v cc hot ng t
my, gii phng thit b, iu khin vic ng, m chuyn mch. vv...
Ngoi ra, b x l gi c trch nhim thc hin cc nhim v qun l
khc (qun l vic o th cc mch trung k, cc gim st lt vt).
Qun l c s d liu phn tch v c s d liu thu bao (TR):
Chc nng ca TR l thc hin qun l vic phn tch, qun l c s d
liu cc nhm mch trung k v thu bao.
TR cung cp cho b x l gi (MR) cc c tnh thu bao v trung k
theo yu cu ca MR cn thit thit lp v gii phng cc cuc gi. TR
15
cng m bo s ph hp gia cc s (dial) nhn c vi cc a ch ca

cc nhm trung k hoc thu bao (tin phn tch, phn tch, cc chc nng
phin dch).
o lng lu lng v tnh cc cuc gi (TX):
Chc nng ca TX l thc hin vic tnh cc cuc gi. TX chu trch
nhim:
+ Tnh ton khon cc ph cho mi cuc gi.
+ Lu gi khon cc ph ca mi thu bao c phc v bi trung tm
chuyn mch.
+ Cung cp cc thng tin cn thit a ti OM phc v cho vic lp
ho n chi tit.
Ngoi ra, TX thc hin cc nhim v gim st trung k v thu bao.
Qun l ma trn chuyn mch (GX):
GX chu trch nhim x l v bo v cc u ni khi nhn c:
+ Cc yu cu v u ni v ngt u ni ti t b x l gi (MR) hoc
khi chc nng phn phi bn tin (MQ).
+ Cc li u ni c chuyn t khi chc nng iu khin ma trn
chuyn mch (COM).
Ngoi ra, GX thc thi vic gim st cc tuyn nht nh ca phn h u
ni ca tng i (nh cc tuyn thm nhp LA v cc tuyn lin kt ni b
ti ma trn chuyn mch chnh) theo nh k hoc theo yu cu t cc tuyn
no .
4. Trm iu khin chung vi chc nng ma trn (SMB X):
Ma trn chuyn mch l ma trn chuyn mch ATM, n c cu trc hon
ton kp, cho php u ni ti 16384 ng mng (LR).
H thng ma trn chuyn mch c cu trc kp, di dng 2 nhnh A, B.
Giao din cho SMA,
SMB-A, SMT, SMB-T
hoc CSNL
Ma trn chuyn mch

chnh
Giao din cho SMA,

SMB-A, SMT, SMB-T
hoc CSNL
RC B
LA
LRA
LA
LRB
16
LA
SAB A
RC A
vngAtn
SAB
hiu
LA
Hnh 7: S tng qut ca ma trn chuyn mch.

Khi nim v h thng ma trn chuyn mch lin quan ti 3 thnh phn:
+ Cc ng ma trn LR/LRH.
+ Cc thit b khuch i v la chn nhnh (SAB).
+ Ma trn chuyn mch chnh: y l phn ct li ca h thng.
a, Cc ng ma trn (LR):
LR l cc ng kt ni ti mng chuyn mch. LR l ng lin kt
ng b vi 32 khe thi gian, mi khe 16 bit/125s khung. C ngha l LR
c tc 4 Mbit/s. 8 bit trong mt khe thi gian ca ng lin kt PCM
c b sung bng cch cng thm 8 bit, trong c 3 bit c dng lm
bit iu khin bo v cc kt ni. Tu vo hng ca mng chuyn mch
m cc ng lin kt ma trn c chia thnh LRE (ng ma trn vo) v
LRS (ng ma trn ra).
b, Chn hng v khuch i SAB:
SAB c t trong ma trn chuyn mch, to thnh cc giao tip gia
SMA, SMB-A, SMT, SMB-T, CSNL (c ni n di ci tn chung "cc
n v u ni" hay "UR") v hai nhnh ma trn chuyn mch chnh.
SAB khuch i LR, thu v pht cc tuyn thm nhp (LA) ti t cc UR
v to ra cc tuyn LR (LR A cho ma trn chuyn mch chnh nhnh A v
LR B cho ma trn chuyn mch chnh nhnh B).
Cc hot ng x l c thc hin bi SAB l:
+ Khuch i cc ng ma trn trn hng pht v hng thu.
+ Thch nghi 8/16 bits, gi nguyn 8 bt / 1 knh.
+ X l 3 bt iu khin.
+ La chn nhnh.
17
+ Giao tip phn phi thi gian gia cc UR v ma trn chuyn mch
chnh.
+ Giao tip tuyn thm nhp trn hng pht v hng thu.
c, Ma trn chuyn mch chnh:
Mng chuyn mch tc cao (RCH) s dng k thut ATM (truyn
khng ng b). RCH c dung lng kt ni ln nht l 16384 LR.
Hot ng trong mng RCH: cc nhnh ca RCH chia thnh 3 chng.
l:
+ Chng th nht gm hn 128 thnh phn chuyn mch T/AC (ghp
knh theo thi gian / chuyn mch t bo ATM), mi thnh phn nhn
128 LR. N bin cc LR thu c thnh cc t bo ATM. u ra ca
chng ny, cc t bo c t trong cc ng ATM 622 Mbit/s gi l
cc ng AEI.
Vi RCTCA2 l bng mch.
+ Chng th hai gm RC ATM (mng chuyn mch ATM). Cu hnh

ca RC ATM ph thuc vo tng dung lng ca RCH v c to
thnh t mt hoc hai tng chuyn mch ATM.
+ Chng th ba gm cc thnh phn chuyn mch AC/T. N bin cc t
bo ATM thnh cc LR.
AEI: ng lin kt ATM 622 Mbit/s.

LRE: ng ma trn vo.
LRS: ng ma trn ra.
RC ATM: Mng chuyn mch ATM.
TCA: Ghp knh theo thi gian / t bo ATM.
18
Mng chuyn mch ATM (RC ATM) tu thuc vo cu hnh, vi dung

lng kt ni l 16384 LR th cn c hai tng chuyn mch ATM nh hnh
v sau:

ASE: Thnh phn chuyn mch ATM.
LR: ng lin kt ma trn.
RCH: Mng chuyn mch tc cao.
TCA: Ghp knh theo thi gian / t bo ATM.
19
Hnh 9: Cc nhnh ca RCH vi dung lng

16384 LR.
2.2.2.4 Trm iu khin trung k th h hai (SMT2G):

1. Vai tr:
Trm SMT2G thc hin chc nng giao tip gia PCM v trung tm
chuyn mch. Cc PCM ny ti t:
+ Trung tm chuyn mch khc.
+ n v truy nhp s thu bao xa (CSND).
+ B tp trung thu bao xa (CNE).
+ Thit b thng bo ghi m sn cu trc s.
Trm iu khin trung k th h hai (SMT2G) c cc chc nng chnh
nh sau:
+ u ni v qun tr 128 ng PCM tc c s 2Mbit/s.
+ Qun tr cc kt cui PCM.
+ Thu v pht cc bo hiu.
+ Tin x l bo hiu knh ring CAS.
+ Pht v thu cc tn hiu ng b.
2. Cu trc tng quan:
SMT2G c cu thnh t ba khi chc nng:
+ Khi iu khin c cu trc kp, gm hai phn h x l SMTA v
SMTB lm vic ch hot ng / d phng. Mi SMT gm c
coupler chnh (CMP), b x l chnh (PUP), b nh chung v coupler
ng truyn dn.
+ Phn khng kp l cc kt cui tng i ET, c th c iu khin
bi mt trong hai trm SMT (qun tr 32 ETU).
+ Cc giao din kt ni ti hai nhnh ca ma trn chuyn mch.
c bit SMT2G kt ni ti cc mng truy cp theo cc giao dinV5.2 v
kt ni PRAD (truy cp tc c s, kt ni tng i trc tip).
20
Phn mm chc nng l ML URM qun l cc lin kt PCM v s

thay i ca chng trong ma trn chuyn mch.
2.2.2.5 Vng chuyn du (Token ring):
Tt c cc trm thng tin vi nhau thng qua duy nht 1 loi mi trng:
l mch vng thng tin (Token ring), ph hp vi tiu chun IEEE 802.5.
H thng thng tin ny cho php 1 phn mm chc nng thng tin vi 1
phn mm khc m khng cn bit v tr ca n.
Cc c im tng qut ca Token Ring:
+ c tiu chun ho theo tiu chun IEEE 802.5.
+ Ti a c 250 trm trn 1 vng.
+ Tc 16 Mbit/s.
+ Truyn dn cn ng b c nh hng gia cc trm.
+ Tin ch cho thng tin qung b t 1 trm ti mt s trm, hoc tt
c.
+ Cht lng truyn dn rt cao (s liu c m ho, v thc hin pht
hin li bng kim tra d chu trnh CRC).
+ Qun l vng:
*
Phn phi cng vic qun l trn tt c cc trm.
* 1 trm c chn trc thc hin chc nng gim st.
2.2.2.6 Cc khi khc:
1. Vng cnh bo (MAL):
MAL sp xp cc cnh bo phn cng:
+ Ngun hng.
+ Tn hiu nh thi hng.
+ Thit b thng gi hng.
+ Cc vn c bo v bi cc cm bin gim st mi trng.
MAL cng c s dng kch hot nhng mch iu khin t xa
bo cho in thoi vin rng c cnh bo. Mt vi phng php c th c
dng l:
+ Cc n bo hiu (bng cc n).
+ m bo hiu.
+ T ng gi ti in thoi vin t xa.
2. Trm gim st mi trng (SSE):
21
SSE gm cc b tng hp cnh bo th cp gim st trng thi mi

trng ca tng i E10. Nhng b ny pht ra cc cnh bo v c s h
tng (ngun, nhit, chy ) ti chc nng bo v trung tm.
3. Thit b b sung:
+ Trm truy cp mng SDH (STH): STH cung cp hng kt ni ti
mng SDH (phn cp s ng b).
Mi b ghp knh chp nhn 63 ng PCM 2048 Mbit/s t SMT2G
c ghp thnh ng lin kt 155 Mbit/s kt ni ti mng SDH.
+ My thng bo s (DAM): DAM qung b cc thng bo theo yu
cu.
Cc cnh bo c sinh ra bi thit b b sung c truyn ti h thng
vn hnh v bo dng ca tng i E10.
4. Thit b thng gi:
Cc thit b thng gi lm mt cc SMB v SCH. Mi thit b thng
gi gm c hai qut. Tc quay ca qut ph thuc vo nhit ca mi
gi. Cc thit b thng gi c bo v ch (n + 1). Chng gi cc cnh
bo qu nhit ti h thng.
5. Thit b cung cp ngun:
Ngun ca tng i E10 c cung cp theo mt trong cc khi sau:
+ SAM (trm cung cp ngun n nguyn): SAM thay i, lu tr v
phn phi ngun khp h thng. T ngun xoay chiu (AC), SAM cung
cp ngun mt chiu (DC 48V) v cung cp ngun AC (230V) bo
v. SAM cung cp ngun ti a l 12KW.
+ MPR24 (SAM vi 24 my chnh lu): MPR24 cung cp cc chc
nng ging nh SAM. Trong cu hnh ln nht (kt hp 3 gi MPR24),
MPR24 cung cp ngun cao hn SAM, c th t 70 KW.
+ SDE (trm cung cp ngun): Khi mi trng cung cp ngun t bn
ngoi tng i E10, SDE l giao din bo v v phn phi ngun th
cp (48V) cho cc khi ca tng i E10. N khng c s dng khi
ngun c cung cp bi SAM hoc MPR24.
22
2.2.3 Phn h vn hnh v bo dng (SMM):

2.2.3.1 Mc ch ca trm bo dng SMM:
+ Gim st v qun l h thng tng i ALCATEL 1000 E10.
+ Lu tr s liu h thng.
+ Bo v trm iu khin.
+ Gim st cc vng ghp thng tin.
+ X l thng tin ngi - my.
+ Khi to v ti khi to ton h thng.
2.2.3.2 V tr ca SMM:
MAL: Vng cnh bo.

MTD: bng t.
OCB LAN: Mng LAN ca OCB.
SCSI: Giao din h thng my tnh nh.
SMM: Trm iu khin bo dng.
TMN: Mng qun l vin thng.
Hnh 10: Vai tr ca SMM.
23
Trm bo dng c kt ni vi cc thit b thng tin sau :

+ Token ring
+ Vng cnh bo (MAL): thu thp cnh bo.
+ SMM c th c kt ni ti mng qun l vin thng (TMN) thng
qua cc tuyn X25.
+ SMM c th kt ni thit b vn hnh v bo dng cc b qua cc
ng lin kt khng ng b.
+ SMM c th kt ni vi khi nh qua giao din h thng my tnh
nh.
2.2.3.3 Cu trc chc nng ca SMM:
SMM c cu trc kp gm 2 trm iu khin m v mt vt l nhn dng
bi cc ch ci SMMA v SMMB, 1 trong 2 trm l trm hot ng, trm
kia l trm d phng.
Khi nh: gm c cc thit b khc nhau. l:
+ a: gm hai a c nh lu tr d liu v phn mm h thng.
D liu c ghi vo ng thi trn c hai a khng k h thng no l
ch ng nhng khi c s liu ch t mt khi n c p ng trc.
Cc a cng c s dng sao lu tm thi tng mc thng tin.
+ bng t: N c th copy thng tin c lu tr trn a c nh t
bng t hp l (v d gi thng tin n trung tm x l). Cc bng
c gn vi cc thit b nh dng.
+ Bng: c s dng ch yu ti h thng ti thi im ban u. N
cng c dng cho cc hot ng d phng thng thng.
Phn mm vn hnh v bo dng OM l phn mm chc nng ca
SMM. N c cu trc ring c thit k m bo rng phn mm c
lp vi chc nng h tr. N giao tip vi cc trm iu khin SM qua phn
mm chc nng nh tuyn thng tin ML OC.
Phn mm ca trm SMM gm:
+ Phn mm c s cn gi l h iu hnh thi gian thc (RTOS), c
chc nng:
Qun tr cng vic.
Qun tr ng h.
Thng tin gia cc b vi x l.
24
Qun tr ti nguyn phn cng v phn mm.

+ SSOM l phn h giao tip OM, thc hin chc nng giao tip RTOS
vi cc ng dng.
+ Cc ng dng ca OM, gm hai phn l ng dng thoi (qun tr thu
bao, trung k, m v phin dch, cc, quan trc ) v ng dng h
thng.
2.2.3.4 Vn hnh:
Cc cng vic vn hnh c chia thnh tng vng tng ng vi cc
chc nng chnh ca tng i.
Bng sau ch ra cc vng hot ng ca tng i E10 c minh ha bi
cc v d v vic thc hin cc cng vic. in thoi vin s dng cc tp
lnh thc hin cc cng vic .
Vng
Mi
trng
thoi
Phin dch
Tnh cc
Gim st
Truy cp mng
thng minh
Truy cp mng
di ng
Cc thu bao
Cc cng vic
Kt cu v qun l cc nhm mch in.
Kt cu v qun l mng bo hiu s 7.
Qun l cc ng lin kt d liu.
Qun l c cu dch v.
Gim st cht lng cc lin kt PCM.
Qun l tin phn tch, phn tch v nh tuyn.
Xc nh cc thng s tnh cc.
Qun l c cu iu khin mng.
Qun l cc thng s v m tnh cc.
Xc nh lch tnh cc
Gim st ti trong cc khi ca tng i.
Gim st ti trong cc khi kt ni.
Gim st ti trong cc nhm mch
Theo di vic truyn lu lng.
Theo di cc l do khng hon tt cuc gi
H tr cc c trng ring ca mng thng minh
(mi trng thoi, phin dch, tnh cc, gim st).
Qun l vic khi ng dch v IN.
H tr cc c trng ring ca mng di ng (mi
trng thoi, phin dch, tnh cc, gim st).
Qun l v lu tr cc bn ghi d liu cuc gi.
Qun l cc ng dy thu bao (tng t hoc s).
25
Gim st cc ng dy thu bao.

Qun l cc dch v b sung.
Thit k nhm dy.
2.2.3.5 Bo dng:
Bo dng m bo rng h thng hot ng chnh xc. N c chia
thnh:
+ Ngn nga: kt hp tt c cc cng vic nh tuyn dch v ca h
thng.
+ Sa cha: gm cc hot ng cn thit khi phc h thng sau khi
c mt khi b hng.
Khi xy ra mt li h hng, chc nng bo v cho php h thng tip tc
vn hnh, tuy nhin lc ny h thng khng cn c bo v na v ti
nguyn d tr c s dng. V th hot ng sa cha nhm khi phc
cc ti nguyn v bo m tin cy ca h thng.
1. Bn tin v tn hiu c pht sinh t h thng:
in thoi vin quan st cc bn tin m h thng a ra. C mt vi kiu
bn tin nhng ch yu vn l cc bn tin cnh bo.
Cc bn tin cnh bo c phn loi theo th t u tin:
+ Cnh bo khng yu cu s can thip ngay lp tc (loi SI).
+ Tr hon s can thip cnh bo (loi ID).
+ Cnh bo cn c can thip ngay lp tc (loi IM).
Trm gim st chung (PGS) lm cho s gim st ca tng i l d dng.
PGS a ra s cc khi ca h thng v tnh trng hot ng ca chng.
S xut hin ca cnh bo c ch ra bi s thay i mu ca khi b hng.
Mu ca khi ph thuc vo loi cnh bo (SI, ID hoc IM). Bng vic kch
vo nhng khi hng, in thoi vin c th thu c nhng thng bo v
vic cnh bo.
2. H tr bo dng:
H thng ny lm cho cng vic bo dng d dng hn:
N vn hnh cc cng vic kim tra t ng xc nh
ngun gc hng.
26
N c th vn hnh cc cng vic kim tra th nghim sau

khi sa cha.
N cung cp vic la chn cc cng vic hot ng th
nghim.
+ Cng vic t xc nh li: Khi li hot ng c nhn dng, b my
bo v chy th trong khi b hng, LOCAVAR (tm vt hng) kim
tra nhn dng v nh v phn hng. Sau bn tin cnh bo c
pht ra. Khi c th, n a ra a ch chnh xc ca phn cn thay th.
Trong trng hp , bo dng ch i hi:
Thay th phn c ch r trong bn tin.
Kim tra hot ng.
Tr li dch v khi m c tch ra khi dch v bi
chc nng bo v.
+ Cng vic kim tra th nghim sau khi sa cha: Khi khi c thay
th, thao tc vin chy th LOCAVAR phn tch mi phn t ca
khi kim tra khi mi hot ng chnh xc khng.
+ Cng vic hot ng th nghim: Khi cc li c nh dng, h
thng cung cp nhng kiu khc ca kim tra nh kim tra mch, kim
tra ng dy v my in thoi ca thu bao tng t (s dng thit b
c bit gi l my th c ci t trong khi kt ni thu bao CSN,
CSE).
3. tin cy:
Tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 c thit k cung cp dch v trong mi
tnh hung. Chc nng bo v ca h thng t ng x l vi nhng tnh
hung bt thng xy ra trong v ngoi tng i. S bo v da trn
nhng nguyn l sau:
+ Cc thnh phn trong h thng c d phng.
+ T ng pht hin h hng.
+ Ngn nga h hng.
+ T ng cu hnh li ngun ti nguyn d phng.
3.1 Cc thnh phn trong h thng c d phng:
Mt s thnh phn thit yu trong h thng nht thit phi c nhn i
i vi c phn cng cng nh phn mm.
27
Tu theo thnh phn v cu hnh ca h thng m s lng thit b c

d phng theo ch (n + 1) hoc ch hot ng / d phng iu
m bo tin cy v s dng cc ti nguyn mt cch hp l nht.
Bng sau ch ra ch d phng ca cc khi trong h thng:
Cc khi
SMB C
Ch d phng
Cc phn mm chc nng iu khin (ML
MR,ML GS, ML CC, ML TX, ML TR, ML MQ,
ML GX, ML PC) c d phng. Chng hot
ng ch chia s ti hoc ch hot ng /
d phng.
SMB T
C cu trc kp.
SMB A
ML ETA v ML AN hot ng ch chia s
ti.
ML PUPE ch d phng (n + 1).
SMM
C cu trc kp.
Mng chuyn Mng chuyn mch c hai nhnh. Trong mi cuc
mch
gi, cc kt ni c thit lp c hai nhnh.
ETU
C mt vi ETU d phng.
STS
Trm c s thi gian c ba b dao ng. Mi
nhnh ca ma trn chuyn mch chn tn hiu
nh thi qung b v ti cc n v kt ni.
Thit b ng b ngoi c nhn i.
Mng LAN
Tu theo cu hnh m LAN c ch d phng l
(1 + 1) hoc (n + 1).
Vng
cnh Mi b tng hp cnh bo gm hai mch sp xp
bo
cnh bo.
D liu d Hai a cng c dng lu tr d liu.
phng
Cung
cp Hai ch :
ngun
Mt gi cung cp ngun cho mt gi chuyn
mch: cc b bin i ch (n + 1).
Hai gi cung cp ngun cho mt gi chuyn
mch: hai ngun 380V cho c hai gi cung cp
28
ngun.
Thit b thng Ch (n + 1).
gi
3.2 T ng pht hin h hng:

Tng i E10 lin tc kim tra cc khi ca n. Hot ng kim tra hai
mc:
+ C tnh cht cc b: mi trm iu khin gim st cc thnh phn v
mi trng ca n.
+ C tnh cht trung tm: c tin hnh trong SMM.
Mt vi phng php c s dng pht hin h hng nh kim tra
u n, thng k phn tch cc s c c pht hin
Ngoi vic pht hin li, cng vic kim tra cn xc nh v nh v
nhng khi b hng nhim v bo dng d dng hn.
3.3 Ngn nga h hng:
Khi xy ra h hng nghim trng, khi b hng s c tch ra khi dch
v khng nh hng ti h thng. V d nu mt trm iu khin b hng,
phi tch trm ra khi dch v ngn nga khng cho:
+ Mng LAN v cc trm iu khin khc b gin on hay b hng.
+ Nhng bn tin khng c chp nhn c gi cho n.
3.4 T ng cu hnh li ngun ti nguyn:
Khi mt khi ngng hot ng, chc nng bo v s s dng khi d
phng. N gn cc chc nng m trc khi b hng m nhim vo khi
d phng. T ng cu hnh li cho php tng i khi phc li dung lng
x l ban u.
Hnh 11 v 12 a ra v d v vic t ng cu hnh li ngun ti nguyn
29
ML: Phn mm chc nng.

OCB LAN: Mng cc b ca OCB.
SM: Trm iu khin.
1: SM3 l trm d phng ca SM1 v SM2.
2: SM1 b hng.
3: SM1 c tch ra, SM3 s thay th SM1.
Hnh 11: T cu hnh li phn mm chc nng

ML.
30
ETU: n v kt cui tng i.

LAH: ng truy nhp tc cao.
SDH: Phn cp s ng b.
1: ETU b hng.
2: Cc ng SDH c qun l bi ETU d phng.
3: i vi phn cn li ca h thng, cc LAH ban u
vn gi nguyn.
Hnh 12: T cu hnh li ETU.
31
Phn 2: S liu phin dch trong tng i

Alcatel 1000 E10
1. Cc khi nim c bn v s liu phin dch:
1.1 Chc nng phin dch:
Trong tng i chc nng phin dch chu trch nhim gim st v dch
cc s m thu bao quay (hoc qua nhm mch n tng i) thnh cc
thng tin c s dng cho chc nng iu khin cuc gi. Chc nng ny
cng a ra d liu cn thit cho vic tnh cc.
Chc nng phin dch xc nh khe thi gian (TS) h thng c th kt
ni cc cuc gi n hoc i da vo thng tin v a ch hoc s nhn c
v da vo mt s tham s nht nh.
Cuc gi t mch
Cuc gi t thu bao

S thu bao
quay
Tnh ton
SC/ITC
K hoch nh s
Kiu a ch
Phin dch
thoi
TS
(knh thoi)
S thu bao quay

M truy cp MF
S thu bao quay

M phin dch
SSUTR2
K hoch nh s
Kiu a ch
ISDN UP
ITC: Kh nng truyn thng tin.

SC: Kh nng bo hiu.
TS: Khe thi gian.
Hnh 13: Nguyn l chung ca phin dch

32
S thu c
1.2 D liu phin dch:
a ch u
vo
Thay i
bng tin
phn tch
Tin phn
tch
Cc cuc gi
c gi tip
Thay i
bng phn
tch
Phn tch
Cc cuc gi
c gi tip
nh tuyn
mc 1
Quyt nh ch (DST)
nh tuyn (ACH)
Thng s tnh cc (PTX)
Tnh cc
mc 1
nh tuyn
mc 2
nh
tuyn a
ng
Phn tch
nu s
c to
li
nh tuyn
Thng s
tnh cc
PTX
Thu
bao
Nhm mch
nh
tuyn
Khe cuc
gi
Tnh
cc
mc 2
Mn chn
cuc gi
S c
gi tip
Gi tip cuc gi
nh tuyn
Qu ti lung
m thng bo
Hnh 14: Qu trnh phin dch s

33
D liu phin dch c t chc thnh cc bng. Phin dch s gm vic

duyt qua cc bng ny tm thng tin u ra trn c s thng tin u vo
v mt s thng tin b sung. Vic duyt c th qua nhiu giai on, s dng
cc thng tin trung gian c trong cc bng nh hnh 14.
1.3 nh tuyn cuc gi:
Chc nng phin dch gm cc giai on sau:
+ Tin phn tch: xc nh cc bng phn tch s c s dng da vo
loi cuc gi v a ch nhn c.
+ Phn tch: gm vic duyt cc bng phn tch nh tuyn v a ra
thng s tnh cc.
+ nh tuyn v a ra thng s tnh cc.
1.4 C ch iu khin mng:
C ch iu khin mng khc phc nhng vn tc nghn v qu ti
trong tng i:
+ Trn: iu khin cuc gi thng thng dng l trnh c chn u
tin. Nhng nu nhm mch h tr cho chc nng nh tuyn b tc
nghn, cuc gi c th s dng l trnh la chn th hai, c lin kt
vi l trnh th nht v gi l nh tuyn trn.
+ ch n c to thnh t mt tp hp cc m nh tuyn. Tp hp
ny c xc nh trong bng phn tch v n c cung cp cho c
ch iu khin mng, c ch iu khin lung lu lng. Ngoi ra, vic
gim st ch n quyt nh vic phn b cc lung lu lng gia
cc tng i khc nhau trong mng hoc ti mt dch v xc nh.
+ Hn ch cuc gi theo khe (khe cuc gi): Gm mt gi tr xc nh
gii hn s cuc gi trong mt n v thi gian. Vic hn ch c th
l mt phn hoc tt c. Chc nng ny c s dng trnh qu ti
mng.
+ Hn ch cuc gi theo danh sch xc nh (mn chn cuc gi): C
ch ny c s dng iu chnh ti trong tng i hoc trn mng
theo cng lu lng. thay i tnh trng mn chn cuc gi ta
c cc trng thi mn chn sau:
+ Gi tip cuc gi: C ch ny c s dng nh hng cuc gi

a ra mt thng bo hoc mt m bo ti thu bao ch gi rng cuc
gi khng th hon thnh.
34
+ iu chnh lu lng trn nhng nhm mch: Khi mt knh b

nghn, c ch ny c dng ch chp nhn mt s cuc gi xc
nh trong s cc cuc gi ti tng i. Cc cuc gi b hu b s c
mt thng bo c bit.
+ nh hng mch c s dng trn nhm mch s 7, gii hn s
mch c dng khng vt ngng gii hn.
+ T ng gim tc nghn (RAE) v gim tc nghn bo hiu (RES)
bi phn ca ngi s dng: C ch RAE, RES c s dng gii
hn cuc gi ti tng i t xa b nghn, tu theo mc tc nghn.
+ Hn ch mch c chn lc (SCR): C ch ny m bo mt s mch
nht nh s c t do trong bt k khong thi gian no vn c th
iu khin c cc cuc gi u tin.
1.5 Chc nng quc t:
1.6 Mt s nh ngha:
1.6.1 K hoch nh s:
C hai kiu nh s:
+ K hoch ng: S thu bao c di c nh (l trng hp chung).
+ K hoch m: S thu bao c di thay i, di ln nht v nh
nht c lu trong tng i.
1.6.2 Vng nh s:
Vng nh s ca thu bao l vng m thu bao c th quay s vi
di nh nht. Trong hot ng a vng, mt tng i c th phc v mt
hoc nhiu vng nh s. Mi vng nh s c mt m vng ring.
S ca thu bao gm:
+ M vng, nu tng i m thu bao kt ni ti phc v vi vng.
+ Khng cn c m vng, nu tng i ch phc v mt vng.
1.6.3 S c thu bao quay:
+ S vng v s ni ht: S m thu bao quay trong mt vng nh s
gi l s vng (hoc s ni ht nu thu bao b gi c kt ni cng
mt tng i vi thu bao ch gi). Thng thng n gm hai phn:
M vng.
35
S ca thu bao.
+ S lin tnh: L s m thu bao quay t vng ny sang vng khc. N
thng gm ba phn:
Tin t (c dng bo cho tng i bit l s lin
tnh).
M vng hoc m lin tnh.
S a phng.
+ S quc t: Mt cuc gi quc t t ng thng c chia nh sau:
Tin t truy cp quc t.
M nc.
S ca nc .
+ S cho cc dch v b sung: xc nh dch v thng s dng
thm cc nt *, #.
+ S mng ring o (VPN): Mng ring o (VPN) c s dng to
ra mng thu bao ring. Nhng mng ny c kt ni n nhng tng
i khc nhau v s dng ti nguyn ca mng cng cng. Thu bao
mng ring o c th truy cp ti:
Mng ring ca chnh mnh (khi quay s trc tip n thu
bao b gi cng nm trong mng).
Mng cng cng (km theo mt tin t c bit vi s ca
thu bao b gi trong mng cng cng).
+ Quay s trc tip (centrex): Cc thu bao ca tng i c chc nng
quay s trc tip c cng ty nhm li. l:
Tng i cng cng c chc nng quay s trc tip (l tng
i cng cng kt ni cc thu bao cng cng v mt hoc
nhiu cng ty).
Tng i ring c chc nng quay s trc tip (l tng i
ring kt ni mt hay nhiu cng ty).
Mt thu bao c ni vi tng i cng cng c chc nng centrex c
th gi:
Ti mt thu bao trong cng ty (quay s trc tip ti s ca
thu bao trong cng ty (2 hoc 4 ch s)).
Ti mt thu bao trong cng ty khc hoc trong mng cng
cng (quay mt tin t c bit, tip theo l s ca thu bao
b gi trong mng cng cng).
Mt thu bao c ni vi tng i ring c chc nng centrex c th
gi:
Ti mt thu bao trong cng ty (quay s trc tip ti s ca
thu bao trong cng ty (2 hoc 4 ch s)).
36
Ti mt thu bao trong cng ty khc (quay s ca thu bao

theo k hoch nh s (5 ch s)).
Ti mt thu bao trong mng cng cng (quay mt tin t
c bit, tip theo l s ca thu bao b gi trong mng cng
cng).
1.6.4 S nhn c qua mch:

Tu thuc vo cc m bo hiu trong cc mng m s nhn c qua
mch c th khc so vi s m thu bao quay. Nhng c tnh b sung c
th c gi km theo s v c th thay th tin t c thu bao quay.
Nhng c tnh ny i din cho:
+ K hoch nh s v kiu a ch trong bo hiu ISUP (NUP,
SSURT)
+ M phin dch trong bo hiu SSUTR2.
+ M truy cp trong bo hiu MF (c chn vo u s c quay).
Thng tin c truyn bi cc c tnh gm:
+ Dng s.
+ Khng gi tip cuc gi.
+ C b trit nhiu di
1.6.5 Phn loi cuc gi:
2. Qun l tin phn tch trong tng i E10:

2.1 D liu tin phn tch:
D liu tin phn tch c t chc thnh cc bng, ph thuc ch yu
vo k hoch nh s ca nc v t khi thay i. C ti 15 bng tin
phn tch v cch thit lp cc bng ny tu thuc vo loi cuc gi v c
th c sp xp bi khch hng.
Tin phn tch c th bt u trong mt bng v tip tc trong nhng
bng khc v vy cn c mt c ch khng b lp li. C ch ny m s
thi gian cn thit tin phn tch mt cuc gi, khi t n mt ngng
gii hn th s thng bo li.
Bng tin phn tch a ra cc bng phn tch tip tc giai on phn
tch.
37
Tin t l mt chui n ch s u tin trong dy s m thu bao quay

hoc thu c qua nhm mch, c dng tin phn tch. di cc i
l 8 ch s.
2.2 Vai tr ca tin phn tch:
Tin phn tch gm vic kho st tin t (thu bao, ng thu bao PCM,
knh c bo hiu, mch s 7 ) xc nh cc bng phn tch s c s
dng.
Nhng ch s tin t c th:
+ c thu bao quay.
+ c ti to (v d nh s thc ca cc dch v khn).
+ Nhn c t cc tng i khc.
2.3 Kt qu tin phn tch:
Tu thuc vo s c tin phn tch v ni dung ca cc bng, qu trnh
tin phn tch s chm dt vi mt trong nhng kt qu sau:
+ Kt thc tin phn tch vi s nhn bit bng phn tch.
+ Tip tc tin phn tch trong cng bng .
+ Tip tc tin phn tch trong bng khc.
+ Cng nhn mt dch v b sung.
+ S cha y .
+ S khng c tha nhn.
2.3.1 Kt thc tin phn tch vi s nhn bit bng phn tch:
Nu s c phn tch trng hon ton vi mt phn trong bng tin phn
tch th kt thc qu trnh tin phn tch. Qu trnh ny a ra cc thng tin
sau:
+ S ch s thu c ng sau tin t hoc m truy cp, trc khi phn
tch (RCA).
+ Nhng ch s c thm vo u s trc khi phn tch (CHA, ti a
l 8 ch s).
+ S ch s c loi t u s trc khi phn tch, ngha l v tr ch
s c bt u phn tch (RCE):
Nu c t nht mt ch s c thm vo (CHA) th RCE
a ra v tr ca ch s ng trc nhng s CHA ny. Qu
trnh phn tch s tip tc phn tch ch s CHA u tin.
Nu khng thm ch s no th RCE a ra v tr ca ch s
m t bt u qu trnh phn tch.
38
RCE phi nh hn hoc bng s ch s trong tin t cng thm 1

(RCE=n+1)
+ S m bo c gi n thu bao ch gi sau khi cng nhn tin t
(TONI).
+ S nh tuyn (ASS) trong phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu (SCCP)
m c kh nng iu khin cuc gi.
+ nh du tin t (MAR = OBP).
+ Nhng phn bit (DIS) on nhn loi cuc gi theo bng sau:
DIS
APU
SYK
PID
INZ
PSI
MTI
INS
Loi cuc gi
Cuc gi khn
Ch s ca tin t tnh cc
Chn m nh tuyn trong thao tc a vng
Cuc gi chuyn tip quc t

Chn hoc thay th cc ch s (INDR) c lin quan
n thu bao hoc nhm mch vo.
R0, RA, RB, on nhn tin t chn hoc thay th trong s sng
RC
mang
ISTA
DPi
Nhng phn bit i x mc ch chung, vi chc
nng thay i theo khch hng
2.3.2 Tip tc tin phn tch trong cng bng :

Lc ny tin phn tch cung cp cc thng tin sau:
+ S ch s c ngha cn thit trc khi tin phn tch li (RCAT).
+ S m bo c gi trong nhng trng hp nht nh ti mng
cng cng (TONI).
+ nh du tin t (MAR = OBP).
+ Nhng phn bit (DIS) on nhn loi cuc gi nh bng trn.
2.3.3 Tip tc tin phn tch trong bng khc:
Tin phn tch cung cp cc thng tin sau:
+ S ca bng tin phn tch (PRES).
+ Nhng ch s c thm vo u s trc khi tip tc tin phn tch
(CHA).
39
+ V tr ch s t tip tc tin phn tch (RCEP). Nu nhng ch s

c chn vo trc RCEP, bt u tin phn tch khi gp ch s 0 u
tin.
+ Phn bit vic chn cc ch s lin quan n thu bao hoc nhm
mch vo (INS).
+ Cng nhn nhng tin t cho vic chn hoc thay th s sng mang
(R0, RA, RB, RC).
2.3.4 Cng nhn mt dch v b sung:
Tin phn tch cung cp y thng tin v c ch iu khin cuc gi
s c thc hin tip tc cuc gi m khng c thng tin tnh cc gn
cho tin t .
2.3.5 S cha y :
L s c khai bo khng y , ngha l s c phn tch c tng
phn trng vi tin t bit trong bng tin phn tch nhng cha .
2.3.6 S khng c tha nhn:
Nu nhng ch s dng cho qu trnh tin phn tch nhng khng
trng vi mt tin t bit trong bng th s khai bo khng c tha
nhn. Cuc gi s b hu.
2.4 Cc lnh tin phn tch (TRPREANA):
2.4.1 To tin t tin phn tch (PRECR):
+ Trc ht s dng lnh PREIN kim tra rng tin t mun to ra
khng tn ti, khng c over-prefix v under-prefix.
+ To tin t tham kho bng sau:
To tin t
Dng lnh
Tip tc bng tin Lnh PRECR
phn tch khc
Hon thnh tham s PRES
Tip tc phn tch
Lnh PRECR
Hon thnh tham s TRAD
Trong dch v b sung
Lnh PRECR
Hon thnh tham s TYFAC
40
nh tuyn SCCP
Quay s trc
(CENTREX)
Lnh PRECR
Hon thnh tham s ASS
tip Lnh PRECR
Hon thnh tham s TRAD = 0
+ kt thc vic to, nh s 0.

+ V d:
Tip tc tin phn tch vi bng khc:
@PRECR,CEN=1:
CEN=1/92-06-19/08 H 50 MN 53/PREANALYSIS CREATION
@PREA=1,PRE=36,PRES=2,DIS=MTI,TONI=5,RCA=2,RCE=1,CHA=1243;
PROCESSING TPRECR ACC
PREA = 01
PRE = 36
PRES = 02
TONI = 05
DIS = MTI
RCA = 06
RCE = 01
CHA = 1243
VALIDATION ?
@Y;
PROCESSING TPRECR EXC
Kt thc tin phn tch vi vic on nhn khng tnh cc:
@PRECR,CEN=1:
@PREA=3,PRE=18<19+23<27+29,TYFAC=2-5;
PREA = 03
PRE = 18
+19
+23
+24
+25
TYFAC = 02-05
PRE = 26
+27
+29
TYFAC = 02-05
VALIDATION ?
@Y;
Kt thc tin phn tch vi vic on nhn ASS (s nh

tuyn trong SCCP):
@PRECR,CEN=1:
@PREA=4,PRE=123,ASS=24;
PREA = 04
PRE = 123
41
ASS = 24
VALIDATION ?
@Y;
Vi:
PREA: S bng tin phn tch.

PRE: M truy cp.
PRES: S bng tin phn tch k tip.
DIS = MTI: Phn bit cuc gi chuyn tip quc t.
TONI: S m bo.
RCA: S ch s thu c trc khi phn tch, ng sau tin t hoc
m truy cp.
RCE: S ch s c loi b trc khi phn tch.
CHA: Nhng ch s c thm vo u.
TYFAC: Kiu phng tin v kiu s dng.
ASS: S nh tuyn trong SCCP.
2.4.2 Lit k d liu tin phn tch (PREIN):

+ xem d liu tin phn tch, tham kho bng sau:
Xem d liu lin quan ti
Tin t tin phn tch
Tin t ca dch v khn
Tin t cho CSN (n v truy cp thu bao s)
+ V d:
Dng lnh
PREIN
PREIN
PREIN
Xem d liu tin phn tch:
@PREIN,CEN=1:
CEN=1/95-03-04/15 H 48 MN 31/PRE-ANALYSES INTERROGATION
@;
PROCESSING TPREIN ACC
PREA = 01
PRE = 4
TRAD = 03
TONI = 01 DIS = SYK+INZ
RCA = 06 RCE = 01 CHA = 7204
MAR = OBP
PRE = 35
PRES = 02
TONI = 05 DIS = APU+PSI
RCA = 05 RCE = 02
42
PREA = 02
PRE = 115
TRAD = 03
TONI = 10
RCA = 03 RCE = 01
PREA = 04
PRE = 123
ASS = 24
PROCESSING TPREIN EXC
Xem m ca dch v khn:
@PREIN:
CEN=1/95-03-04/15 H 46 MN 31/PREANALYSIS INTERROGATION
@NUI=3+1<2;
NUI = 01 CUR = 734
NUI = 02 CUR = 243
NUI = 03 CUR = 68
Vi:
NUI: S dch v khn.

CUR: M dch v khn.
Xem cc tin t cho CSN:
@PREIN:
CEN=1/95-03-04/15 H 46 MN 31/PREANALYSIS INTERROGATION
@NPREF=2+3+5;
NPREF = 02 TYPRF = 01-01 CHP = 36J
NPREF = 03 INEXISTANT
NPREF = 05 TYPRF = 02-01 CHP = 3615
Vi:
NPREF: S m truy cp.

TYPRF: Kiu m truy cp v nature.
CHP: Cc ch s trong m truy cp.
2.4.3 Sa d liu tin phn tch (PREMO):

Khng th dng lnh PREMO :
Sa li tin t tin phn tch (PRES, TRAD, TYFAC, ASS).
Xo gi tr tham s CHA.
43
Xo gi tr tham s TONI.
sa d liu tin phn tch, phi lm theo cc bc sau:
+ Thc hin kim tra theo bng sau:
Nu bn mun
Sa cc c tnh ca tin
t
M rng tin t
Sa s bng phn tch
Sa cc c tnh ca tin
t nh tuyn SCCP
Hy kim tra
Tin t khng nh du
OBP
Tin t
Tn ti bng phn tch mi
Tn ti nh tuyn SCCP
Dng lnh
PREIN
PREIN
INDIN
ASSIN
+ Sa d liu tin phn tch theo bng sau:

Sa d liu lin quan ti
Dng
lnh
Tin t tin phn tch
PREMO
Tin t ca dch v khn PREMO
Tin t cho CSN (n v PREMO
truy cp thu bao s)
Cc tham s bt buc phi c

PREA, PRE.
NUI, CUR.
NPREF.
+ Kt thc qu trnh sa, nh s 0.

+ V d:
Sa m ca dch v khn:
@PREMO,CEN=1:
CEN=1/93-03-04/15 H 46 MN 31/PREANALYSIS MODIFICATION
@NUI=3,CUR=02468/1357;
PROCESSING TPREMO ACC
NUI = 03 CUR = 02468
VALIDATION ?
@Y;
PROCESSING TPREMO EXC
Sa tin t cho CSN:
@PREMO,CEN=1:
CEN=1/93-03-04/15 H 46 MN 31/PREANALYSIS MODIFICATION
@NPREF=0,TYPRF=1-1/3-1;
PROCESSING TPREMO ACC
NPREF = 0 TYPRF = 01-01 CHP = 3614
VALIDATION ?
44
@Y;
PROCESSING TPREMO EXC
2.4.4 Xo d liu tin phn tch (PRESU):

+ Dng lnh PREIN kim tra tin t m bn mun xo xem:
Tn ti.
Khng nh du OBP.
Khng l under-prefix.
+ Dng lnh PRESU xo.
+ kt thc vic xo, nh s 0.
+ V d: Mun xo d liu bng tin phn tch 3 (PREA = 3) v c
m truy cp t 1 4 (PRE = 1<4), ta thc hin nh sau:
@PRESU,CEN=1:
CEN=1/93-03-04/15 H 46 MN 31/PREANALYSIS DELETION
@PREA=3,PRE=1<4;
PROCESSING TPRESU ACC
PREA=3
PRE = 1
PRES = 02
RCA = 06
RCE = 01
CHA = 1234
PRE = 22
TRAD = 03
TONI = 01
DIS = SYK+INZ
RCA = 05
RCE = 01
PRE = 3
TRAD = 02
RCA = 05
RCE = 01
PRE = 4
TYFAC = 02-05
TONI = 04
DIS = APU+PID+PSI
VALIDATION ?
@Y;
PROCESSING TPRESU EXC
3. Qun l phn tch trong tng i E10:

3.1 D liu phn tch:
45
D liu phn tch l cc thng tin cn phn tch c lu tr trong cc

bng phn tch (TRAD). C th c ti 15 bng v cc bng c gn nh
sau:
+ TRAD 1: Phn tch ni ht hoc vng (gm nhng cuc gi khn, s
c bit v truy cp ti mt s dch v nht nh).
+ TRAD 2: Phn tch lin tnh.
+ TRAD 3: Phn tch dch v b sung.
+ TRAD 4: Phn tch quc t.
+ TRAD 8: Phn tch sng mang lin tnh.
+ TRAD 9: Phn tch sng mang quc t.
Loi cuc gi
Tin phn tch
TRAD1
Ni ht
Vng
TRAD2
Lin
tnh
TRAD3
Dch v
b sung
TRAD4
Quc t
TRAD8
Sng mang
lin tnh
TRAD9
Sng mang
quc t
Hnh 15: T chc bng phn tch
Nhng s c a ra trong bng phn tch thng c gi l m nh

tuyn. S phn tch thng ch p dng vi mt tp con ca s thu c
to ra m nh tuyn. V vy nhng s khc nhau c cng m nh tuyn c
th c phn tch v nh tuyn trn cng mt ng.
3.1.1 M nh tuyn:
M nh tuyn gm n ch s u tin. Trong :
46
+ Tp hp n1 ch s u tin (n1 < n) ca m nh tuyn c gi l

super-code.
+ Tp hp n2 ch s (n2 > n) trong n ch s u tin ca m nh tuyn
c gi l subcode.
V d mt m nh tuyn: Vi s k hiu (ND) l 463 84 12 th
+ 463 l m nh tuyn.
+ 46 l supercode ca 463.
+ 463 84 l subcode ca 463, cng nh 463 8, 463 84 1.
M nh tuyn c phn tch nu nh h thng phn tch gn cho n tt
c cc thng tin cn thit. Trong v d trn, nu m nh tuyn l 463 c
phn tch th tt c cc subcode (463 8, 463 84, 463 84 1) cng c phn
tch, cn supercode l 46 th khng cn thit.
3.1.2 thousands group (Tg):
Bng thu bao ni ht, c xc nh bi ND = 0ZABPQMCDU thc
cht c t chc thnh cc Tg. Tg l mt m nh tuyn m kt thc vi
ch s M. Mt ng thu bao ch c to ra khi ND thuc v mt Tg a
phng.
3.2 Vai tr ca phn tch:

Phn tch l so snh s nhn c vi ni dung bng phn tch thu
c thng tin cn thit cho vic nh tuyn cuc gi. Bng phn tch c
s dng v v tr ch s bt u phn tch c xc nh bi qu trnh tin
phn tch trc .
Phn tch c th bt u mt bng v tip tc trong cc bng khc. Cc
bng ny a ra d liu cho vic nh tuyn v tnh cc.
3.3 Kt qu phn tch:

Tu thuc vo s c phn tch v ni dung ca cc bng, qu trnh
phn tch s chm dt vi mt trong nhng kt qu sau:
+ Kt thc phn tch, a ra m nh tuyn.
+ Tip tc phn tch trong cng bng .
+ Tip tc phn tch trong bng khc.
+ S cha y .
+ S khng c tha nhn.
47
3.3.1 Kt thc phn tch, a ra m nh tuyn.

Phn tch a ra cc thng tin sau:
+ Tg nu thu bao b gi l thu bao ni ht. Tg c th c s dng
nh hng trc tip ti ng thu bao b gi cng vi cc thng tin
lin quan.
+ ch.
+ Danh sch nh tuyn. Nhng l trnh c chn t danh sch
tng ng vi category nh tuyn. Danh sch ny ph thuc vo ch
hot ng v thng s tnh cc.
+ Danh sch thng s tnh cc.
+ V tr ca ch s cui cng thu c (RDC) khi quay s ng hoc v
tr cc i ca ch s cui cng thu c (RCMA) khi quay s m.
+ V tr ti thiu ca ch s cui cng thu c (RCMI). Cc tham s
RDC, RCMA, RCMI lin quan ti m nh tuyn c phn tch (IND)
trong bng phn tch cui cng c truy cp.
+ Nhng phn bit (DIS):
Phn loi
Chc nng phn loi
CII
B qua m thng bo
IID
M nh tuyn cho php tnh cc ngay lp tc
IROC
Dch v ROC barred (hon thnh cuc gi ti thu bao
bn)
ICCM
Dch v ROC barred cho cc thu bao di ng
IDRXI
IDRXA
IDRXB
CARi
Cc c trng c s dng xc nh loi cuc gi
DRIn
Khi ng hm kh chuyn
IMPO
M nh tuyn cho cc thu bao c chuyn
Nu khng phn bit IDRX th thng tin c truyn theo lut c
xc nh bi category mch vo: CTA = RIDRX.
+ Phn bit mc ch chung (DIn), vi cc hm thay i tu theo tng
nc.
3.3.2 Tip tc phn tch trong cng bng .
Trong trng hp ny, s c phn tch l supercode. Phn tch s a
ra cc thng tin sau:
+ S ch s c ngha c d tr trc khi phn tch li (RCAT).
48
+ Nhng phn bit trong h thng (DIS).

+ Nhng phn bit mc ch chung, vai tr (tu theo mi nc).
3.3.3 Tip tc phn tch trong bng khc.
Trong trng hp ny, phn tch s a ra cc thng tin sau:
+ S bng phn tch tip (TRAS).
+ V tr ca ch s u tin c phn tch trong bng ny (RCS).
3.3.4 S cha y .
L s c phn tch c tng phn trng vi ni dung ca bng phn tch
nhng cha c th a ra c m nh tuyn.
3.3.5 S khng c tha nhn.
Nu nhng ch s c a ra phn tch khng trng vi ni dung ca
bng phn tch th s khai bo khng c tha nhn. Cuc gi s b hu.
3.4 Cc lnh phn tch:

3.4.1 To d liu phn tch (TRANALCR):
+ To m vng trong trng hp tip tc phn tch bng khc: Trc
ht dng lnh INDIN kim tra xem tn ti m vng v bng
phn tch tip theo cha. Sau dng lnh INDCR to m vng.
Cui cng xc nhn li ta nh s 0.
V d: To m vng IND = 2812
@INDCR,CEN=1:
CEN=1/96-05-22/14 H 26 MN 42/NEW ANALYSIS ADDITION
@IND=2812,TRAD=1,TRAS=2,RCS=4,DIS=DI1;
PROCESSING TGAICR ACC
TRAD = 01
IND=2812
TRAS = 02 RCS = 04 RCAT = 01
DIS=DI1
VALIDATION?
@Y;
PROCESSING TGAICR EXC
49
Vi
TRAD: S bng phn tch.

TRAS: S bng c phn tch tip theo.
RCS: V tr ch s u tin c phn tch trong bng TRAS.
RCAT: S ch s c ngha c d tr trc khi phn tch li.
DIS: Nhng phn bit.
+ To m vng trong trng hp kt thc phn tch:
K hoch nh s ng: Trc ht dng lnh INDIN
chc chn rng m vng khng tn ti. Nu l m vng
ni ht, dng lnh MILIN kim tra xem nghn thu bao
m cha. Sau dng lnh INDCR to m vng. V
d to m vng IND = 291:
@INDCR,CEN=1:
@TRAD=1,IND=291,RDC=8,ACHN=201-1<3+202-4<5+205-6+201-7<20+
202-21<32,PTXN=262-1<32,
NDST=LANNI;
TRAD=01
IND=291 RDC = 08
NDST=LANNI
CIA= 1< 3+ 7<20
ACH= 0201
CIA= 4< 5+ 21<32
ACH= 0202
CIA= 6
ACH= 0205
CIX= 1<32
PTX= 262
VALIDATION?
@Y;
Vi
ACHN: Danh sch nh tuyn.

PTXN: Danh sch tnh cc.
NDST: Tn ch.
K hoch nh s m: V d to m vng IND = 292
@INDCR,CEN=1:
@TRAD=1,IND=292,RCMI=6,RCMA=14,ACHN=201-1<32,
50
PTXN=15-1<16+24-17<32,NDST=LANNI;
TRAD=01
IND= 292
RCMI = 06 RCMA = 14
NDST=LANNI
CIA= 1<32
ACH= 0201
CIX= 1<16
PTX= 15
CIX= 17<32
PTX= 24
VALIDATION?
@Y;
Vi
RCMI: S ch s nh nht thu c.

RCMA: S ch s ln nht thu c.
(1 RCMI RCMA 18)
+ To m vng mi c cc c tnh ging nh m vng trc. V d
mun to m vng IND = 9737 c cc c tnh nh m vng INDN =
9736, ta thc hin nh sau:
@INDCR:
@IND=9737,INDA=9736,TRAD=1;
TRAD = 01
IND= 9737 RDC = 08
NDST=LANNI
DIS =DI2
CIA= 1<32
ACH= 0236
CIX= 1<32
PTX= 1
VALIDATION?
@YES;
3.4.2 Sa d liu phn tch (TRANALMO):

V d: Mun sa d liu:
@INDMO,CEN=1:
CEN=1/95-05-29/12 H 51 MN 30/ANALYSIS MODIFICATION
51
@TRAD=2,IND=34563, RDC=8,DIS=DI2+DI3/DI5,NDST=GUING/LANNI;
PROCESSING TGAIMO ACC
TRAD=02
IND=34563 RDC=08
NDST=GUING
DIS=DI2+DI3
CIA= 1 <16
ACH= 0012
CIA= 17<19
ACH= 0008
CIA= 20
ACH= 0025
CIA= 21<32
ACH= 0006
CIX= 1 <16
PTX= 0
CIX= 17<32
PTX= 26
VALIDATION ?
@Y;
PROCESSING TGAIMO EXC
Vi
DIS = a+b/c+d (a,b: c thm vo; c,d: c xo i)

NDST = a/b
(a: c thm vo; c: c xo i)
3.4.3 Xo d liu phn tch (TRANALSU):

xo m vng, bn phi thc hin cc bc sau:
+ Kim tra m vng khng nh du OBS bng lnh INDIN.
+ Xo m vng bng lnh INDSU.
+ kt thc vic xo, nh s 0.
V d: Mun xo m nh tuyn IND = 291 trong bng TRAD = 1, ta
thc hin nh sau:
@INDSU,CEN=1:
CEN=1/96-05-22/14 H 35 MN 20/ANALYSIS DELETION
@TRAD=1,IND=291;
PROCESSING TGAISU ACC
TRAD = 01
IND= 291 RDC = 08
CIA= 1<32
ACH= 0201
CIX= 1<32
PTX= 26
52
VALIDATION ?
@YES;
PROCESSING TGAISU EXC
3.4.4 Xem d liu phn tch (TRINTERR):

+ Xem m vng theo cc c tnh cho trc trong trng hp kt thc
qu trnh phn tch:
Xem m vng theo
nh tuyn
Tham s tnh cc
ch
Nhng phn bit
Dng lnh
RANIN
Hon thnh tham s ACH
RANIN
Hon thnh tham s PTX
RANIN
Hon thnh tham s NMI
RANIN
Hon thnh tham s NDST
RANIN
Hon thnh tham s DIS
V d: Mun xem danh sch m vng c ch NDST = LANNI v nm

trong bng phn tch TRAD = 1
@RANIN,CEN=1:
CEN=1/96-05-22/10 H 07 MN 09/LIST OF ROUTED ROUTING CODES
@NDST=LANNI,TRAD=1;
PROCESSING TGARIN ACC
NDST=LANNI
TRAD = 01
IND = 96122 + 96123
PROCESSING TGARIN EXC
Mun xem danh sch m vng c s nh tuyn ACH = 1 v nm trong

bng TRAD = 1
@RANIN,CEN=1:
CEN=1/96-05-22/10 H 10 MN 00/LIST OF ROUTED ROUTING CODES
@ACH=1,TRAD=1;
PROCESSING TGARIN ACC
ACH = 0001
TRAD = 01
IND = 96222 + 96223 + 96420 + 96423 + 96850 + 96853
PROCESSING TGARIN EXC
53
+ Xem d liu phn tch:

xem
Tt c d liu phn tch
D liu bng phn tch
D liu v m vng
Dng lnh
INDIN
Khng cn hon thnh tham s no
INDIN
Hon thnh tham s TRAD
INDIN
Hon thnh tham s IND
V d: Mun xem d liu vi m vng IND = 291 trong bng phn tch
TRAD = 1
@INDIN,CEN=1:
CEN=1/96-05-22/14 H 35 MN 20/ANALYSIS INTERROGATION
@TRAD=1,IND=291;
PROCESSING TGAIIN ACC
TRAD = 01
IND= 291 RDC = 08
CIA= 1<32
ACH= 0201
CIX= 1<32
PTX= 26
PROCESSING TGAIIN EXC
4. Qun l nh tuyn trong tng i E10:

4.1 Vai tr ca nh tuyn:
Chc nng nh tuyn s dng s nh tuyn c xc nh khi kt
thc qu trnh phn tch cung cp thng tin cn thit cho iu khin cuc
gi. Thng tin ny ph thuc vo kiu nh tuyn.
4.2 Phn loi nh tuyn:
C 3 h nh tuyn:
+ nh tuyn u cui: cung cp cc thng tin cn thit iu khin
cuc gi.
+ nh tuyn a ng: gm mt tp hp cc nh tuyn u cui hoc
a ng.
54
+ nh tuyn ti cc server.
Vic nh tuyn c th ph thuc vo:
+ Vng a l.
+ Kh nng truyn thng tin.
+ Kh nng bo hiu.
+ Loi cuc gi.
+ Thi gian
S nh tuyn ti a l 4095.
Bng sau a ra cc kiu nh tuyn:
H
nh tuyn
Ti nhm mch hoc thit b ca khch

hng m c truyn s
Ti mt nhm mch m khng truyn s
nh tuyn Ni ht
u cui Vi mt thng bo
Ti thit b bo dng
Vi s to li s th mc
Vi vic ti phn tch s
a ra mt m thng bo
Cng nhn cc dch v b sung
Ph thuc vo vng a l
S khc nhau gia u vo v u ra
Ph thuc vo iu khin t xa
nh tuyn Ph thuc vo thi gian
a ng Vi vic chia s ti
Vi vic phn b cuc gi
Ph thuc vo kh nng truyn thng tin
(ITC)
Ph thuc vo kh nng bo hiu (SC)
Ph thuc vo ch s ho c lp trnh
nh tuyn Ti server trong mi trng IN ER-1
ti server Ti server trong mi trng IN CS-1
Kiu
nh
tuyn
1
Phn
4-3-1
2
3
4
5
6
6 khng
c NAR
17
16
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
4-3-2
4-3-3
4-3-4
4-3-5
4-3-6
4-3-7
4-3-18
4-3-17
4-3-8
4-3-9
4-3-10
4-3-11
4-3-12
4-3-13
4-3-14
14
20
15
21
4-3-15
4-3-19
4-3-16
4-3-20
4.3 Cc kiu nh tuyn:
55
4.3.1 nh tuyn vi vic truyn s (kiu 1):

nh tuyn kiu ny dng nh hng cuc gi ti nhm mch hoc
thit b ca thu bao, vic cung cp thng tin cn gi s. nh tuyn trn c
th c s dng khi xy ra tc nghn.
Thng tin lin quan n kiu ny gm:
+ Nhn bit nhm mch ra (NFSC) hoc s k hiu (ND) ca thu bao.
+ S nh tuyn trn nu c (ACD).
+ M truy cp (AC) hoc m phin dch s c gi (tu thuc vo loi
bo hiu ca nhm mch).
+ Ch s ca kiu a ch v kiu k hoch nh s SCCP ca nhm
cuc gi n (ACSS).
+ V tr ca ch s thu c trc s chim ca mt mch (RCR).
+ V tr ca ch s u tin s c gi (RPCE).
+ V tr ca ch s u tin trong s a ch SCCP ca nhm cuc gi
n (RPCES).
+ S thng bo ngn li, nu l 1 (FILM).
+ Nhng phn bit (DIS):
I,
C,
TR,
FITX,
ACS, nh tuyn yu cu c b trit nhiu di.
URG, cuc gi khn.
DEI, chi tit cuc gi (chun): trong trng hp nh tuyn
ti thit b ca khch hng, bn ghi k ton (DCD) c
a ra, tnh n phn bit nh tuyn DEI v b qua phn
bit ng thu bao DEA.
DEA, chi tit cuc gi (p dng ring cho tng khch
hng): trong trng hp ny, bn ghi DEA c a ra khi
ang nh tuyn, tnh n s phn bit nh tuyn DEA v
b qua s phn bit ng thu bao DEA.
FINU, khi kt thc quay s th truyn bo hiu.
IRV, khng cho php chuyn tip cuc gi.
IRX, khng cho php chuyn tip cuc gi ti quc t.
IECT, khng cho php chuyn cuc gi explicit.
IECX, khng cho php chuyn cuc gi explicit ti quc t.
IST, khng tnh cc thu bao b gi.
REAi, nh tuyn
SRn,
56
RAi,
TNS, truyn sng mang (c th b qua nu nhm mch
khng c bo hiu ISUP cho php TNS).
DRn, DRAi, DRBi, DRCi, phn bit mc ch chung.
Nhng phn bit trong vic thay i s nhn c trc khi
gi li n qua mch ra:
- A, AB, thm m nh tuyn (c IND a ra).
- AMn, thm/sa s trc ch s v tr n+1 (s do
IND a ra).
- IMn, chn s trc ch s v tr n+1 (s do IND a
ra).
- CN, thay i ton b s (s mi do IND).
- PRn, gi n ch s trc m nh tuyn c phn
tch.
Trong mi trng SSUTR2 hoc ISUP (v SSURF, SSURN,
ISUPV2), h thng c th pht qung b hoc thu ti 31 ch s.
Khi gn phn bit AMn cho nh tuyn ra, s t tham s IND
c thm vo pha trc v tr n ca s ban u. m bo
chnh xc, kim tra di ln nht ca s qung b l 31
ch s bng cch gim st s nht qun gia:
- Thng s RCMA (t sau qu trnh phn tch).
- Thng s IND v AMn cho nh tuyn ra.
CDR, bn ghi chi tit cuc gi.
RFI, chuyn ti mt thng bo c bit trong trng hp
cuc gi b hu b bi c ch iu chnh lu lng trong
nhm mch b nghn.
IPROC, khng c php kch hot ROC.
+ S lin quan n DIS (IND).
+ S la chn lp li trong l trnh (CAR = NBRSi). Khi cuc gi ban
u tht bi, c ch iu khin cuc gi s dng thng tin ny xc
nh liu n c phi th chim mch ra khc. C ch iu khin cuc
gi th m s cuc th khng thnh cng. Nu s ny vt qu gi tr
i, c ch iu khin s gii phng ngc cuc gi (gi mt tn hiu gii
phng ngc). Nguyn nhn tht bi chnh khi la chn lp li l:
Chim ng thi trn c hai ng ca mch.
Thu c nhng bo hiu ngc nhau (knh kt hp bo
hiu) hoc nhng thng bo ngc nhau (bo hiu s 7).
Chc nng kim tra tnh lin tc b hng (bo hiu s 7).
Nu NBRSi khng c gn cho nh tuyn, iu khin cuc gi s s
dng gi tr ca d liu NBRSDF trong bng FIPAM.
57
+ Tnh trng hn ch cuc gi theo danh sch, c th l:

FT,
FPn,
FV,
FDn,
S thng bo c bit c gi trong trng hp hn ch
cuc gi theo danh sch.
+ nh du hng quan st (MAR = OBS), c ch nh bi l trnh
c la chn u tin.
Nhng thng s nh tuyn (RCR, NBRSi, TR) v thng s danh sch
hn ch cuc gi theo danh sch(FT, FV, FPn, FDn) khng nh tuyn ti
thit b ca khch hng m ch ti nhm mch.
4.3.2 nh tuyn ti nhm mch m khng truyn s (kiu 2):
nh tuyn kiu 2 gm cc thng tin nh nh tuyn kiu 1 tr cc thng
tin v vic truyn s.
4.3.3 nh tuyn ni ht (kiu 3):
nh tuyn kiu 3 ch ra Phn tch c tip tc vi vic s dng d
liu lin quan n nhng s ni ht.
Thng tin lin quan n kiu ny gm:
4.3.4 nh tuyn vi mt thng bo (kiu 4):
nh tuyn kiu 4 gm s ca thng bo (FILM) v c cc c tnh nh
nh tuyn ni ht. Khi thng bo c truyn trong mt mch, vic nh
tuyn a ra:
+ S nhm mch cho thng bo (NFSC).
+ S ca nh tuyn trn (ADC) a ra thng bo.
Cc c trng lin quan n s thng bo:
+ m bo c gi n my in thoi ca thu bao (TONI).
+ Thi gian qung b ln nht, tnh bng giy (TEMPO).
+ a ch ca m bo.
+ Kt hp m bo hiu.
4.3.5 nh tuyn ti thit b bo dng (kiu 5):
58
Kiu ny c s dng trc tip kim tra cc cuc gi ti thit b bo

dng. Thng tin c lin quan n kiu ny gm:
+ S ca thit b bo dng (MAIN).
+ Tn ca nhm mch nu cn (NFSC).
+ DIS ging nh nh tuyn ni ht.
4.3.6 nh tuyn vi s to li s th mc (kiu 6):
Kiu ny c s dng nh hng cuc gi (v d kiu dch v c
bit) ti mt a ch xc nh.
Thng tin lin quan gm:
+ S c ti to (NAR) (c thu bao quay).
+ V tr ca ch s s thu c trc khi pht li (RCR).
+ DIS:
+ S thng bo (FILM).
+ S bng phn tch (CAR = TRADn).
+ S bng tin phn tch (CAR = PREn, mc nh bng 1) nu bt u
tin phn tch s c ti to.
4.3.7 nh tuyn vi vic ti phn tch s (kiu 6 m khng c NAR):
y l trng hp ring ca kiu 6 c s dng trong trng hp phn
loi cc vng ni ht chn sng mang. Kiu ny nh hng cuc gi
ti mt s phn tch mi s dng tham s ZLTi ca thu bao ch s ho
thay v tham s CACi ca thu bao.
i vi thao tc vin mng kiu ny c xem nh kiu 6 m khng to
li s th mc.
+ S cc ch s (RPi), trc ch s u tin c phn tch, c tnh
n bt u phn tch li trong bng TRADn xc nh (CAR = RPi +
TRADn).
+ S cc ch s (RSj), tnh t ch s u tin c phn tch, m c
b qua bt u phn tch li trong bng TRADn (CAR = RSj +
TRADn)
+ S thng bo can ngn, nu cn (FILM).
4.3.8 nh tuyn ph thuc vo vng a l (kiu 7):
Kiu ny c s dng nh hng cuc gi ti mt nh tuyn mi
theo vng ca thu bao ch gi (ZG). Kt qu ca nh tuyn ny c th l
nh tuyn vi vic to li s th mc (c s dng trong trng hp c
59
bit l dnh hng cuc gi theo v tr a l ca thu bao (tc l trm gn

nht)).
Kiu ny c th gm 255 1023 nh tuyn tu thuc vo cu hnh h
thng.
4.3.9 nh tuyn khc nhau u vo, u ra (kiu 8):
Kiu ny c s dng nh hng cuc gi ti 2 l trnh khc nhau
ph thuc vo ngun gi l thit b hay mch ca thu bao. Bi vy kiu ny
cho php kim tra mch ngc vng (v d mch ra to thnh vng vi mch
vo).
nh tuyn kiu ny c nh ngha:
+ Cho hng ra, nh tuyn ti tng i t xa.
+ Cho hng vo, nh tuyn vi vic to li s th mc.
4.3.10 nh tuyn ph thuc vo iu khin t xa (kiu 9):
Tng i c th x l 8 tn hiu iu khin t xa ring bit, c thit k
kch hot nh tuyn . Nhng iu khin t xa ny c th c khi ng
bng lnh TCMMO. Mi iu khin t xa gm:
+ Mt s iu khin t xa, t 1 8 (TCM).
+ Mt trng thi (ETAT):
Ri (R), ngha l iu khin t xa khng hot ng.
Lm vic (T), ngha l iu khin t xa hot ng.
nh tuyn ph thuc vo iu khin t xa gm hai nh tuyn:
+ Mt nh hng cuc gi khi trng thi ETAT = R.
+ Mt nh hng cuc gi khi trng thi ETAT = T.
4.3.11 nh tuyn ph thuc vo thi gian (kiu 10):
y l nh tuyn a ng gm 3 l trnh v mt ch s chn l trnh.
Ch s ny c th c sa i bi:
+ Lnh ca thao tc vin
+ Chc nng qun l lch, pht hin s thay i ca di thi gian,
thit lp ch s theo gi tr yu cu.
4.3.12 nh tuyn vi vic chia s ti (kiu 11):
Kiu ny gm 2 8 nh tuyn, mi nh tuyn iu khin % cc cuc
gi. Tng % gn cho cc nh tuyn ny l 100.
nh tuyn a ng ny c th c nh tuyn trn.
60
S la chn nh tuyn l ngu nhin da theo thut ton phn phi lu

lng. Nu nh tuyn c chn b nghn th c hai la chn:
+
+
trnh qu ti, s cuc nh tuyn th (DIS = NTi) c gii hn ti
mt gi tr xc nh. Nu tt c cc l trnh u b tc nghn, cuc gi c
th:
+ c nh hng n nh tuyn trn ca nh tuyn a ng (nu
c 1).
+ Gi ti mt thng bo tc nghn.
4.3.13 nh tuyn vi vic phn b cuc gi (kiu 12):
Kiu ny gm 2 8 nh tuyn ging nh kiu 11. Nhng khc vi kiu
11, nh tuyn u cui c chn tun t t danh sch nh tuyn.
S cuc nh tuyn th c xc nh bi:
+ Nu danh sch nh tuyn ch gm cc kiu 1,2 hoc 4 th s cuc
nh tuyn th l s nh tuyn trong danh sch.
+ Nu danh sch nh tuyn cha t nht mt nh tuyn loi khc th
s ny bng 1.
4.3.14 nh tuyn ph thuc vo kh nng truyn thng tin (kiu 13):
Kiu ny gm 2 8 nh tuyn c s dng nh hng cuc gi
theo dch v m thu bao yu cu (ting ni, m thanh hoc d liu) tu
thuc vo gi tr ITC.
Bng gi tr ITC c s dng:
Gi tr ITC
1
2
3
Dch v
Ting ni (300 3400 Hz)
m thanh (3.1 KHz)
Ting ni/D liu (64 Kbit/s)
4.3.15 nh tuyn ph thuc vo kh nng bo hiu (kiu 14):

Kiu ny gm 2 8 nh tuyn c s dng nh hng cuc gi
theo kh nng bo hiu cn thit iu khin cuc gi .
Bng gi tr SC c s dng:
Gi tr SC
ngha
61
0
1
2
Chp nhn tt c cc mng bo hiu

Bo hiu ISDN c u tin
Bo hiu ISDN
4.3.16 nh tuyn ti server trong mi trng IN ER-1 (kiu 15):

nh tuyn cuc gi ti server ko theo mt yu cu thit lp hi thoi
gia im chuyn mch dch v (SSP) v im iu khin dch v (SCP).
Vic thit lp hi thoi ny cho php SCP iu khin t xa SSP cho nhng
hot ng km theo cuc gi. SCP kt hp vi SSP chuyn giao dch v
c yu cu. SSP khng iu khin vic ci t dch v nhng thc hin
cc thao tc c truyn bi SCP.
+ S phn h SCCP (SSN).
+ K hiu nhn dng dch v (IDSV).
+ S nh tuyn trong SCCP (ASS) hoc s im bo hiu (SP).
+ Loi mng bo hiu (TYR) m SP thuc v.
+ identity ca thu bao ch gi (IDDR).
+ globaltitle ca thu bao b gi (AGDE, INDE).
+ globaltitle ca thu bao ch gi (AGDE, INDE).
+ V tr ch s u tin s c gi (RPCE).
+ Nhng ch s u (IND).
+ DIS.
+ Phin bn giao thc lin quan n server (VPRG).
4.3.17 nh tuyn vi vic cng nhn mt dch v b sung (kiu 16):
Kiu ny nhn ra mt dch v b sung v cch s dng (CAR = TYFAi +
TYPUj). Mi cp TYFAi-TYPUj c th c gn cho mt thng s tnh
cc c bit (l cc thng s c s dng tnh cc dch v, khng ph
thuc vo cuc gi). Thng tin lin quan cng ging nh nh tuyn ni ht.
4.3.18 nh tuyn to ra m bo (kiu 17):
Kiu ny c s dng gi m bo n cuc gi ban u. Thng tin
gm:
+ S m bo (CAR = NTONi).
+ DIS nh nh tuyn ni ht.
4.3.19 nh tuyn ph thuc vo ch s ho c lp trnh (kiu 20):
62
4.3.20 nh tuyn ti mt server trong mi trng IN CS-1 (kiu 21):

Kiu ny c s dng nh hng cuc gi ti mt server trong mi
trng IN CS-1, c hoc khng truyn s.
Thng tin lin quan l:
+ Ch s dch v (IDS).
+ M truy cp (AC).
+ V tr ch s u tin c gi li (RPCE).
+ Nhng ch s u (IND).
+ DIS:
4.4 Cc lnh nh tuyn:
4.4.1 Xem danh sch nh tuyn (TRINTERR):
+ Xem danh sch nh tuyn theo mt tham s xc nh trc: Dng
lnh ACHIL nhng bn phi ch r t nht mt tham s chn XXX
trong cc tham s sau: TYPE, NFSC, RCR, AC, RPCE, IND, DIS,
CAR, MAIN, FILM, NAR, ACM, TCM, MAR, ACD, STY, IDS, ND,
ACSS, RPCES.
V d: Mun xem cc tham s ca nh tuyn kiu 10
@ACHIL,CEN=1:
CEN=1/95-05-22/08 H 36 MN 19/DATA CHARACTERISTICS ROUTING
@TYPE=10;
PROCESSING TGPAIL ACC
ACH=0210 TYPE=10
ACM= 0210-1+0202-2+0203-3
RACH= 1
MAR= LOC
PROCESSING TGPAIL EXC
Vi:
AC, m truy cp.

ACD, s nh tuyn trn.
ACH, s nh tuyn.
ACSS, ch s kiu a ch v k hoch nh s ca nhm
cuc gi n.
AGDE,
AGDR,
63
ASS, s nh tuyn trong SCCP.

CAR, cc c trng xc nh kiu cuc gi.
DIS, nhng phn bit.
IDDR, k hiu nhn dng thu bao ch gi.
IDS, ch s dch v.
IDSV, k hiu nhn dng dch v.
IND, m nh tuyn.
INDE,
INDR,
MAIN, s ca thit b bo dng.
MAR,
NAR, s c ti to (c thu bao quay).
NFSC, nhn bit nhm mch ra.
RCR, v tr ch s thu c trc
RPCE, v tr ch s u tin s c gi.
RPCES, v tr ch s u tin trong s a ch SCCP ca
nhm mch gi n.
SSN, s phn h SCCP.
STY, kiu con ca nh tuyn.
TCM, s iu khin t xa.
TNS, truyn sng mang.
TYR, kiu mng bo hiu.
TYPE, kiu nh tuyn.
VPRG, phin bn giao thc lin quan n server.
+ Xem cc tham s nh tuyn: Tham kho bng sau:

xem cc tham s ca:
Tt c cc l trnh
Dng lnh
ACHIN
Khng cn hon thnh tham s no.
Mt s l trnh theo danh ACHIN
sch
Hon thnh tham s ACH v ch r
gii hn trn v di ca danh sch.
Mt s l trnh c bit
ACHIN
Hon thnh tham s ACH.
V d: Mun xem cc tham s ca mt s l trnh c
ACH=201+209<210
64
@ACHIN,CEN=1:
CEN=1/95-06-09/08 H 48 MN 07/ROUTING INTERROGATION
@ACH=201+209<210;
PROCESSING TGPAIN ACC
ACH= 0201 TYPE=01 NFSC = FD001 RCR = 04
RPCE= 02
FILM =12
DIS= TR+ SR1
ACH= 0209 TYPE = 09
ACM= 0201-1+0202-2+0203-3
TCM = 03
ACH= 0210 TYPE= 10
ACM= 0201-1+0202-2+0203-3
RACH= 1
MAR= LOC
PROCESSING TGPAIN EXC
4.4.2 To danh sch nh tuyn (TRACHCRM):

+ To nh tuyn u cui: Trc ht dng lnh ACHIN kim tra
xem nh tuyn cha tn ti v kim tra kiu nh tuyn trn (nu
bn mun gn nh tuyn trn cho nh tuyn u cui). Tham kho
bng sau:
Nu nh tuyn
c to
S dng nhm
mch
c gn mt
ND (s hiu ch)
Kim tra
Dng lnh
S tn ti ca nhm mch.
Kiu ca nhm mch l ng i hoc
c hai ng (GENR = S hoc M).
Kiu nhm mch c thch hp vi kiu
nh tuyn.
ND tn ti
FSCIN
ABOIN
Nu mun to nh tuyn kiu 15, tham kho bng sau:

Nu mun to nh
Kim tra
tuyn kiu 15
S dng ASS (nh
S tn ti ca tham s ASS.
tuyn ca phn iu Gi tr NSS ca nh tuyn c bng
khin kt ni bo hiu
gi tr NSS ca ASS nu gi tr
SCCP)
khc 0.
Dng lnh
ASSIN
65
S dng im bo hiu S tn ti ca SP hoc ESP.

(SP) hoc im bo
SP hoc ESP c phn tch bo hiu
hiu m rng (ESP)
ring (TANS = INDIV).
ANSIN
To nh tuyn u cui theo bng sau:

Kiu
Lnh
1
2
3
4
ACHCR
5
6
15
16
17
21

ACH, TYPE, ND, RCR
ACH, TYPE, NFSC
ACH, TYPE
ACH, TYPE, FILM
ACH, TYPE, MAIN
ACH, TYPE, NAR
ACH, TYPE, NSS, IDSV, TYR, ASS, PS, PSE
ACH, TYPE, CAR = TYFAi + TYPUj
ACH, TYPE, CAR = NTONi
ACH, TYPE, IDS, AC
i vi nh tuyn kiu 1, 2, 6 th tham s FILM c trng cho s gi

tip cuc gi.
+ To nh tuyn a ng: Trc ht dng lnh ACHIN kim tra s
tn ti ca cc l trnh to ra nh tuyn a ng. Sau to nh
tuyn a ng theo bng sau:
Kiu
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
20
Lnh

ACH, TYPE, ACM = ACH1-1 + + ACHn-n
ACH, TYPE, ACM = ACHd-1 + ACHa-2
ACH, TYPE, TCM, ACM = ACHR-1 +ACHT-2
ACH, TYPE, ACM = ACH1-1 + ACH2-2 +ACH3-3
ACHCR ACH, TYPE, ACM = ACH1-PCT1+ +ACH8-PCT8, DIS
ACH, TYPE, ACM = ACH1-PCT1+ +ACH8-PCT8
ACH, TYPE, ACM = ACH1-1 + + ACHn-n, STY
+ V d: Mun to nh tuyn kiu 13, c ACH = 340, v

ACM = 1-1<2 + 200-3 + 52-4 + 1-5<8
@ACHCR,CEN=1:
CEN=1/96-02-10/13 H 27 MN 48/CREATION OF A ROUTING
@ACH=340,TYPE=13,ACM=1-1<2+200-3+52-4+1-5<8;
66
PROCESSING TGPACR ACC

ACH= 0340 TYPE= 13
ACH= 0001 CIA= 1< 2+ 5< 8
ACH= 0200 CIA= 3
ACH= 0052 CIA= 4
MAR= LOC
VALIDATION
@YES;
PROCESSING TGPACR EXC
4.4.3 Sa danh sch nh tuyn (TRACHCRM):

+ Sa nh tuyn u cui: Trc ht kim tra nhng gi tr c gn
cho cc tham s phi thch hp vi kiu nh tuyn v kim tra nhng
tham s s c s phi ph hp vi nhng tham s khng c s i.
Sau tham kho bng sau:
Sa nh
tuyn
Kiu 15
Dng lnh
ACHMO
sa i, ch r gi tr tham s theo kiu: gi tr mi/gi tr
c.
ACHMO
sa i ch r gi tr cc tham s:
Khc kiu ND, MAIN, NAR, TCM, ACM theo kiu: gi tr mi.
15
NFSC, CAR, DIS, RCR, AC, ACD, RPCE, IND, IDS,
ACSS, RPCES, FILM theo kiu: gi tr mi; /gi tr c; gi
tr mi/gi tr c.
ACHMO ch sa c nhng c im c ch r bi cc
tham s v khng sa c kiu nh tuyn.
+ Sa nh tuyn a ng: Trc ht kim tra nhng gi tr c gn
cho cc tham s phi thch hp vi kiu nh tuyn v kim tra nhng
tham s s c s phi ph hp vi nhng tham s khng c s i.
Sau dng lnh ACHMO sa.
4.4.4 Xo danh sch nh tuyn (TRACHSU):
xo nh tuyn, ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
+ Dng lnh RANIN kim tra nh tuyn m bn mun xo c
gn m vng cha. Nu nh tuyn c gn m vng th:
67
Thay i m vng (TRANALMO).

Xo m vng (TRANALSU).
+ Dng lnh ACHIL (hon thnh tham s ACD) kim tra nh tuyn
m bn mun xo c phi l nh tuyn trn khng. Nu l nh tuyn
trn, hy b s n nh ca n t l trnh la chn u tin bng lnh
ACHMO.
+ Dng lnh ACHIL (hon thnh tham s ACM) kim tra nh tuyn
m bn mun xo c phi l nh tuyn a ng khng. Nu l nh
tuyn a ng, hy b n t nhiu l trnh bng lnh ACHMO.
+ Dng lnh ACHIN kim tra nh tuyn bn mun xo khng nh
du CAL. Nu nh tuyn c nh du CAL, hy xo kiu ngy (trng
hp l nh tuyn kiu 10).
du AND. Nu nh tuyn c nh du AND hy:
Sa ND bng lnh ABOMO.
Xo ND bng lnh ABOSU.
+ Dng lnh RNVIN kim tra nh tuyn bn mun xo c c s
dng gi tip cuc gi khng. Nu c th thay i d liu gi tip
bng lnh RNVMO.
du OBD. Nu nh tuyn c nh du OBD, hy dng quan st nh
tuyn.
+ Dng lnh ACHSU xo nh tuyn.
V d: Mun xo nh tuyn c ACH = 204
@ACHSU,CEN=1:
CEN=1/95-05-22/09 H 00 MN 56/ROUTING DELETION
@ACH=204;
PROCESSING TGPASU ACC
ACH= 0204
TYPE= 04
ACD= 0017
FILM = 08
DIS= IST
VALIDATION?
@Y;
PROCESSING TGPASU EXC
5. C ch iu khin mng:
C ch iu khin mng gm:
+ ch.
68
+ Hn ch cuc gi.
+ Hn ch cuc gi theo danh sch nh trc.
+ Gi tip cuc gi.
+ iu chnh lu lng trn nhm mch b nghn.
+ nh hng mch.
+ T ng gim tc nghn (RAE) v gim tc nghn bo hiu (RES)
bi phn ca ngi s dng (UP).
+ Hn ch mch c chn lc.
5.1 ch:
5.1.1 Mc ch:
ch l mt tp hp m nh tuyn, n c th c s dng ch nh:
+ Mt phn ca tng i.
+ Mt tng i.
+ Mt vng.
+ Mt dch v xc nh.
Mt m nh tuyn ch c th thuc v mt ch. Khng c s phn cp
ch n. M nh tuyn ca mt ch c th bt ngun t bt k bng phn
tch no.
Cc m nh tuyn to ra ch c th c gn cho cng mt tng i
hoc mt dch v xc nh, hoc c th i din cho tt c cc m nh tuyn
(cng vng a l) ti t mt tng i chuyn tip.
ch n c th l ni ht, lin tnh, quc t tu thuc vo cc m nh
tuyn thuc mt hay nhiu bng phn tch.
5.1.2 Xc nh ch:
ch c xc nh bi:
+ Lnh ca thao tc vin, bng 6 ch s.
+ H thng, bng s ch n (s bn ghi trong bng ch).
Bng phn tch ch ra ch theo s ch n. S ny c gn khi to ch
v gi nguyn cho n khi ch b xo. Khi , s ny c gii phng v c
th c s dng bi ch khc.
5.1.3 Tc ng ca ch n s phn tch:
Chc nng phn tch s xc nh ch n. V d m nh tuyn 23 c
ch l DEST1. Nu thao tc vin mun to ch khc vi m 235, anh ta
69
phi to ra m nh tuyn 235. H thng gn cho ch DEST2 m nh tuyn

l 235 v ch DEST1 gn cho cc m nh tuyn cn li l 230234 v
236239.
Kt thc qu trnh phn tch lun a ra c ch n. Trong thc t,
ch c th c gn cho mt m nh tuyn m cho php chuyn ti pha
nh tuyn:
+ Nu qu trnh phn tch bt u t mt bng v tip tc trong nhng
bng khc th nhng bng phn tch u tin khng c gn ch.
+ Nu c vi ch c bt gp trong sut thi gian thit lp cuc gi
th ch u tin gp s c chn, d c yu cu to li s th mc.
+ Nu sau qu trnh phn tch u tin khng xc nh c ch n
nhng qu trnh phin dch vn tip tc to li s th mc phn tch
a ra mt ch n th ch s c chn.
S ln nht ca
ch
ch khi hn ch cuc gi
Cc s trong mt ch khi hn ch cuc gi
L
2500
32
8
5.1.4 Cc lnh qun l ch (TRDSTGES):

+ Xem danh sch ch n dng lnh DSTIL. V d:
@DSTIL,CEN=1;
CEN=1/92-04-14/09 H 00 MN 00/LIST DESTINATIONS
PROCESSING TGDEST ACC
NDST=LAN1+LAN2+LAN3+LAN4+LAN5
NDST=LAN6+LAN7
PROCESSING TGDEST EXC
Vi
NDST: Tn ch (ti a 8 k t).
+ To ch n:
Trc ht dng lnh DSTIL kim tra xem ch m bn
mun to cha tn ti.
Sau dng lnh DSTCR to ch mi:
@ DSTCR:
@ NDST = xx;
V d: Mun to ch l LAN1 v LAN2
@DSTCR,CEN=1:
CEN=1,92-04-14/09 H 00 MN 00/CREATE DESTINATIONS
70
@NDST=LAN1+LAN2;
NDST=LAN1
NDST=LAN2
+ Xo ch: Trc ht kim tra ch m bn mun xo khng nh du

ODS (lnh ODSIL) v khng b hn ch theo khe cuc gi (lnh
ESAIN). Sau dng lnh DSTSU xo ch. V d: Xo hai ch
va c to phn trn:
@DSTSU,CEN=1:
CEN=1,92-04-14/09 H 00 MN 00/DELETE DESTINATIONS
@NDST=LAN1+LAN2;
NDST=LAN1
NDST=LAN2
5.2 Hn ch theo khe cuc gi:

5.2.1 Mc ch ca hn ch cuc gi:
5.2.2 Thng tin lin quan n hn ch cuc gi:
5.3 Hn ch cuc gi theo danh sch nh trc:

5.3.1 Mc ch hn ch cuc gi theo danh sch nh trc:
5.3.2 Tnh trng hn ch cuc gi theo danh sch:
5.4 Gi tip cuc gi:
71
5.4.1 Mc ch ca gi tip cuc gi:

Gi tip cuc gi (p dng khi mt cuc gi khng hon thnh) nh
hng cuc gi ti mt thng bo hoc mt m bo ti thu bao ch gi l
do cuc gi khng hon thnh. L do c th gm:
+ S khng tn ti.
+ S khng n c
Cc bng tin phn tch, phn tch, nh tuyn s ch ra nhng s c
gi tip n.
5.4.2 Xc nh s c gi n:
S c gi tip n xc nh bi:
+ Chc nng phin dch, trong pha phn tch, v d: chc nng phin
dch s cung cp cho chc nng iu khin cuc gi thng tin cho php
nh tuyn cuc gi c gi tip. Khi chc nng iu khin cuc gi
nhn c s gi tip th tc l cuc gi khng hon thnh. Chc
nng phin dch cho php chc nng iu khin cuc gi la chn kt
thc hoc tip tc cuc gi.
+ Chc nng iu khin cuc gi, tu thuc vo nguyn nhn gi tip
cuc gi.
S c gi tip trong phm vi 1255:
+ S 131 i din cho nhng a ch mi c iu khin trc tip bi
thao tc vin. Nhng s ny tng ng vi category ng thu bao
DF1DF31 v tng ng vi cc thng bo 131 c lin quan vi
m nh tuyn, nh tuyn hoc s sp t danh sch hn ch cuc gi.
Cc thng bo thay i tu theo cc ng dng, tuy nhin s gi tip
bng 10 c dng chung cho tt c cc ng dng.
+ S 32255 gn cho cc trng hp c xc nh bi chng trnh
chuyn mch.
C hai kiu gi tip cuc gi:
+ Gi tip cuc gi v ng gi i, c xc nh trc khi nhn s,
theo nhng c trng v ngun gc cuc gi.
+ Gi tip cuc gi ti ng gi n, c xc nh sau khi nhn s.
5.4.3 Thng tin lin quan n gi tip cuc gi:
+ S c gi tip (RNV).
+ Nhng phn bit (DIS).
72
+ S tn hiu ngc s c gi (SARA), c dng truyn li l do

khng hon thnh cuc gi (v ng gi i).
+ S tn hiu ngc s c gi (SARB), c dng truyn li l do
khng hon thnh cuc gi (v ng gi n).
+ nh tuyn lin quan n gi tip cuc gi ti ng gi i (ACHA).
+ nh tuyn lin quan n gi tip cuc gi ti ng gi n
(ACHB).
+ Tham s tnh cc lin quan n gi tip cuc gi ti ng gi i
(PTXA).
+ Tham s tnh cc lin quan n gi tip cuc gi ti ng gi n
(PTXB).
+ Cc m cho chc nng gim st lin quan n gi tip cuc gi ti
ng gi i (CEA).
+ Cc m cho chc nng gim st lin quan n gi tip cuc gi ti
ng gi n (CEB).
+ Nhng phn bit v tn hiu ngc (ACT).
5.4.4 Cc lnh gi tip cuc gi (TRDONRNV):
+ Xem d liu gi tip cuc gi dng lnh RNVIN. V d: Mun xem
d liu vi s c gi tip RNV = 25
@RNVIN,CEN=1:
CEN=1/95-05-23/16 H 25 MN 39/DISPLAY DIVERSION DETAILS
@RNV=25;
PROCESS TDRENV ACC
RNV=025
DIS=DV1+DV3+DV5+DV8+MTX+NIN+MOB
ACHA=0458
PTXA=268
CEA=47-155 SARA=14
ACHB=0221
PTXB=214
CEB=55-127 SARB=01-122+04-245
ACT =04-1
IDN =02-1+03-1
PROCESS TDRENV EXC
Vi RNV: S c gi tip.
ACHA: nh tuyn ti ng gi i.
ACHB: nh tuyn ti ng gi n.
PTXA: Tham s tnh cc ti ng gi i.
PTXB: Tham s tnh cc ti ng gi n.
CEA: Cc m gim st ng gi i.
CEB: Cc m gim st ng gi n.
SARA: S tn hiu ngc c gi (v ng gi i).
SARB: S tn hiu ngc c gi (v ng gi n).
73
ACT: Nhng phn bit v tn hiu ngc.

IDN:
+ Sa d liu gi tip cuc gi dng lnh RNVMO. Trong trng hp
s c gi tip RNV = 32 255 ta ch c th sa gi tr cc tham s
ACHA, ACHB, PTXA, PTXB. V d:
@RNVMO,CEN=1:
CEN=1/95-05-23/16 H 25 MN 39/MODIFY A DIVERSION
@RNV=25,DIS=DV3+DV8+NIN/DV2,
SARA=14,ACHA=458,PTXA=268,CEA=47-155;
PROCESS TDRENV ACC
RNV=025
DIS=DV1+DV3+DV5+DV8+MTX+NIN+MOB
ACHA=0458
PTXA=268
CEA=47-155 SARA=14
ACHB=0221
PTXB=214
CEB=55-127
SARB=01-122+04-245
ACT =04-1
CONFIRM ?
@Y;
PROCESS TDRENV EXC
5.5 iu chnh lu lng trn nhm mch b nghn:

S qu ti trn nhm mch c th dn n nhng hn ch sau:
+ Trong tng i, khng cn lp li nhng chn lc trn nhm mch
ny.
+ Trong tng i k tip, nu n khng c kh nng iu khin cc
cuc gi n.
C ch pht hin ng s qu ti trn nhm mch gm vic m s la
chn khng thnh cng lin tip. Nu s ny vt qu ngng xc nh
trc, nhm mch c thng bo l b nghn. Khi b nghn mch lin tc ta
phi iu chnh lu lng trn nhm mch, ngha l chp nhn n cuc gi
trong s m cuc gi c ngh v loi b (m-n) cuc gi cn li.
S phn bit DIS = RFI c dng a ra mt thng bo c bit ti
(m-n) cuc gi b hu b.
5.6 nh hng mch:
74
5.7 T ng gim tc nghn (RAE) v gim tc nghn bo hiu (RES) bi

phn ca ngi s dng (UP):
5.7.1 Mc ch:
5.7.2 Nguyn l:
5.7.3 Thao tc:

Cc lp thu gn v cc ch hot ng c gn cho mt nhm mch
theo lnh CLRAF ca thao tc vin.
Cc tham s lin quan n RAE l:
+ Tn ca nhm mch lin quan (NFSC).
+ Gi tr ca lp thu gn m tng ng vi mc RAE 1,2
(CLRAE = class1 class2).
+ Cc ch hot ng cho RAE 1,2
(MODE = mode1 mode2).
Cc tham s lin quan n RES l:
+ Gi tr ca lp thu gn m tng ng vi mc RES 1,2,3
(CLRES = class1 class2 class3).
+ Cc ch hot ng cho RAE 1,2
(MODS = mode1 mode2 mode3).
5.7.4 Cc lnh v RAE, RES (CTRAERES):
5.8 Hn ch mch c chn lc (SCR):

5.8.1 Mc ch:
Hn ch mch c chn lc (SCR) cung cp phng tin a ra quyn
u tin ti cc cuc gi nht nh da vo c trng ca cuc gi cho mi
nhm mch. Mc ch l m bo rng mt s mch nht nh s c t do
75
ti bt k khong thi gian no vn c th iu khin c cc cuc gi

u tin.
5.8.2 Nguyn l:
5.8.3 Thao tc:

Cc tham s lin quan n RAE l:
+ Tn ca nhm mch tng ng vi ngng gii hn SRE1 v SRE2
(SRE = SRE1 SRE2).
+ Gi tr lp gim tng ng vi ngng gii hn SRE1 v SRE2
(CLRSC = class1 class2).
+ Cc ch hot ng cho SRE1, SRE2 (MODC = mode1 mode2).
Kch hot SCR: bng vic gn nhng lp gim cho mt nhm mch, SCR
c kch hot t ng trn nhm mch .
5.8.4 S tng tc vi nhng c ch iu khin mng khc:
5.8.5 Cc lnh v SCR (CTRSC):
6. Chc nng phin dch trong cc dch v b sung:

Chng ny miu t chc nng phin dch trong cc dch v b sung qua
qu trnh tin phn tch, phn tch, nhng phn bit nh tuyn.
6.1 Chn sng mang:
6.1.1 Tin chn lc sng mang:
Trong i, j, k l m nhn dng sng mang c gi tr t 1 9999.
Cc cuc gi tiu biu:
76
+ i vi nhng cuc gi trong nc (TRAi), thu bao ch gi quay s

0 ZZ XXXXXX. Khi i c chn vo trc ch s 0 v s tr
thnh i0 ZZ XXXXXX. Qu trnh phin dch s tip tc trong bng
tin phn tch sng mang.
+ i vi nhng cuc gi quc t (TRBj), thu bao ch gi quay s
00 I1I2I3 N1-Np. Khi j c chn vo trc s 00 v s tr
thnh j00 I1I2I3 N1-Np. Qu trnh phin dch s tip tc trong bng
tin phn tch sng mang.
i vi mt thu bao trong mi trng a vng, qu trnh tin phn tch
sng mang c thc hin theo hai bc:
+ S c t theo khun dng quc gia. Trong trng hp c bit, s
sng mang c chn trc khi c ti to theo dng quc gia.
+ Qu trnh tin phn tch c tip tc trong bng tin phn tch mi
(PRET).
6.1.2 Chn sng mang trong mt cuc gi c s:
chn sng mang trong mt cuc gi c s, thu bao phi quay s c
mt tin t trc s quc gia hoc quc t. Thng thng tin t gm hai
phn sau:
+ CAC (m truy cp sng mang) gm 0 2 ch s, ch ra vic chn
sng mang trong mt cuc gi c s.
+ CIC (m nhn dng sng mang) gm 1 4 ch s, a ra s sng
mang.
di CAC + CIC c th t 1 6 ch s tu vo mng.
V d:
+ i vi cuc gi trong nc, s c dng CAC CIC 0ZZ XXXXXX
vi i = CIC.
+ i vi cuc gi quc t, s c dng CAC CIC 00 I1I2I3 N1-Np
vi j = CIC.
Mt s trng hp c bit:
+ Tham s TNS thu c cng c th s dng chn sng mang trong
mt cuc gi c s. Trong trng hp ny ch c CIC.
+ C nhng trng hp khc c tham kho trong ti liu RECCLE.
Phn bit trong qu trnh tin phn tch: (DIS = ISTA) ISTA c yu cu
chn sng mang trong mt cuc gi c s, gi tr mc nh ca n l:
+ 0, (mc nh) cho php chn.
+ 1, t chi vic chn khi gi tr phn bit cho category ng thu bao
ISTA cng l 1.
77
6.1.3 Nhng s phn bit tin phn tch (R0, RA, RB, RC):
S phn bit ny xc nh liu s sng mang c phi c ti to u s
c quay da vo 3 category TRAi, TRBj, TRCk.
+ S sng mang R0 cha c ti to u s c quay. Gi tr ny
c ngha l cha s dng tin chn lc sng mang cho m nh tuyn.
R0 l mc nh (thng c gn cho nhng dch v khn cp).
+ RA ti to s sng mang lin quan vi TRAi.
+ RB ti to s sng mang lin quan vi TRBj.
+ RC ti to s sng mang lin quan vi TRCk.
Nu c phn bit RA, RB, RC th sau khi s sng mang c chn y
, qu trnh tin phn tch s c thc hin trong bng tin phn tch s
sng mang.
6.1.4 Tin phn tch trong mi trng ISUP:
i vi cuc gi chuyn tip, sng mang c chn:
+ Trong s m s sng mang c quay trc : S c quay km
vi m truy cp hoc m phin dch ca mt a ch c bit.
+ Ngoi s c quay: Mt tham s TNS cha s sng mang thu c.
Tham s ny c tnh n nu s thu c cho php chn sng mang.
Nu khng bit a ch, qu trnh tin phn tch phi da vo ch s tip
theo trong bng tin phn tch ca ng thu bao. S nhn c tng t s
t ng thu bao. Bng tin phn tch ISUP phi gm tt c cc trng hp.
Vic x l tham s TNS:
+ Tham s TNS kch hot nhng c ch c bit n cc s sng mang.
Qu trnh tin phn tch phi bt u vi s sng mang t tham s TNS.
S sng mang cn c ti to da vo TNS theo cc phn bit R0, RA,
RB, RC. Vic chn bng tin phn tch l ti to s sng mang.
Bng ny c th l:
Cng bng phn tch nhng c phn bit RA, RB, RC.
Bng tin phn tch c bit.
+ Khi c phn bit R0, tham s TNS khng dng n. Qu trnh phin
dch tip tc vi vic chn s bng phn tch (TRAD) hoc bng tin
phn tch k tip (PRES).
+ Nu khng c tham s TNS th s sng mang khng c ti to. V
th bng tin phn tch hoc phn tch c chn l bng khng ti to
s sng mang. Qu trnh phin dch tip tc theo s bng phn tch
(TRAD) hoc bng tin phn tch k tip (PRES).
78
6.1.5 Tin phn tch trong mi trng IN CS-1:

S sng mang c truyn ti SCP trong s ca thu bao b gi.
6.2 Phn loi cc vng ni ht chn sng mang:
6.2.1 Nguyn l phn loi cuc gi:
6.2.2 C ch phin dch lin quan:
Nu m nh tuyn c dng XYZABPQ c phn tch (sau khi xo s 0)
vi XY l s sng mang. C ch phin dch m ny c th phn thnh hai
bc:
+ Phn tch trc ZABPQ trong bng phn tch phn loi cuc gi
xc nh thu bao b gi c cng mt vng vi thu bao ch gi hay
khng. S phn tch m ZABPQ c ch s ho bi category ng
thu bao ZLTi (i = 1 64).
+ Tip tc phn tch:
Trong bng phn tch lin tnh hoc vng nu thu bao ch
gi v thu bao b gi cng mt vng.
Trong bng phn tch s sng mang nu thu bao ch gi v
thu bao b gi khng cng mt vng.
Tham s ZLTi c s trong bng phn loi. Trong nhng bng phn tch
khc, tham s CACi c s dng nh tuyn cuc gi.
6.2.3 Kt qu phn tch trong bng phn loi cuc gi:
Phn tch m ZABPQ (thu bao b gi) trong bng phn loi cuc gi s
c kt qu sau (tu thuc vo thu bao b gi v thu bao ch gi c cng
mt vng hay khng).
+ M ZABPQ ch ra thu bao b gi khng cng mt vng vi thu bao
ch gi m ng dy thuc category ZLTi. C hai kh nng:
M ZABPQ khng nm trong cc vng m tng i
OCB283 phc v. Qu trnh nh tuyn phi c danh sch
ca s sng mang XY c chn. D gi tr ca ZLTi nh
th no, m nh tuyn ZABPQ cng a ra mt l trnh vi
vic ti phn tch s da vo X trong bng phn tch sng
mang. c tnh nh tuyn CAR = TRADtrsp + RP2.
79
M ZABPQ nm trong vng m tng i OCB283 phc v.

Qu trnh nh tuyn phi c danh sch ca s sng mang
XY c chn. Vi gi tr ca ZLTi, m nh tuyn ZABPQ
a ra mt l trnh vi vic ti phn tch s da vo X trong
bng phn tch sng mang.
c tnh nh tuyn CAR = TRADtrsp + RP2.
+ M ZABPQ ch ra thu bao b gi cng mt vng vi thu bao ch
gi. C hai kh nng:
M ZABPQ l m ni ht. Qu trnh nh tuyn phi b qua
s sng mang XY c chn. Vi gi tr ca ZLTi, m nh
tuyn ZABPQ a ra mt l trnh vi vic ti phn tch s,
trong khi qu trnh phn tch (da vo A) tip tc trong
bng phn tch vng. c tnh nh tuyn CAR = TRADreg
+ RS1.
M ZABPQ khng l m ni ht. Qu trnh nh tuyn phi
b qua s sng mang XY c chn. Vi gi tr ca ZLTi,
m nh tuyn ZABPQ a ra mt l trnh vi vic ti phn
tch s, trong khi qu trnh phn tch (da vo Z) tip tc
trong bng phn tch lin tnh.
c tnh nh tuyn CAR = TRADnat + RS0.
Bng sau a ra v d v thao tc trong mt trng hp vi 3 vng:
ZABPQ
Thuc v vng
Thuc v vng
Thuc v vng
ZLT1
ZLT2
ZLT3
nh tuyn vi nh tuyn vi nh tuyn vi
CAT = vic ti phn tch vic ti phn tch vic ti phn tch
ZLT1 s trong TRADnat
s trong TRADtrsp
s trong TRADtrsp
(achn)
(acht)
(acht)
Thu CAT = vic ti phn tch vic ti phn tch vic ti phn tch
bao
ZLT2 s trong TRADtrsp
s trong TRADnat
s trong TRADtrsp
(acht)
(achn)
(acht)
CAT = vic ti phn tch vic ti phn tch vic ti phn tch
ZLT3 s trong TRADtrsp
s trong TRADtrsp
s trong TRADnat
(acht)
(acht)
(achn)
80
Phn loi cuc gi yu cu:

+ To ra 2 l trnh vi vic ti phn tch s.
+ a ra 3 danh sch nh tuyn.
V d mi m nh tuyn ZABPQ thuc vng ni ht ZTL1 th tham s
ACHN = rtgn 1 + rtgt 2 < 3.
6.3 Chuyn cuc gi:
6.3.1 Chuyn cuc gi (DIS = IECT):
Phn bit DIS = IECT ngn nga s chuyn hng cuc gi.
6.3.2 Chuyn cuc gi n quc t (DIS = IECX):
Phn bit DIS = IECX ngn nga s chuyn hng cuc gi n quc
t (vi cc thu bao thuc category ECTI).
6.4 Hon thnh cuc gi ti thu bao bn:
6.4.1 DIS = IROC
Dch v hon thnh cuc gi ti thu bao bn (ROC) cho php thu bao
ch gi A gi n thu bao ang bn B, thu bao A s c thng bo khi B
ri v t ng gi th li m khng cn quay li s ca B.
Dch v ROC c cung cp ti thu bao ch gi:
+ ng dy thuc category DROC (cho php ROC).
+ H thng d liu FIPAM cho php ROC ti thu bao ch gi c
thit lp.
Dch v ROC c cung cp ti thu bao b gi:
+ ng dy thuc category IROC (khng cho php ROC).
+ H thng d liu FIPAM cho php ROC ti thu bao b gi c
thit lp.
Nu phn tch s b gi c phn bit IROC c gn cho ng thu bao
th dch v khng c cung cp.
6.4.2 DIS = IPROC
Mun kch hot dch v ROC ti thu bao b gi th l trnh ca cuc gi
khng c s phn bit IPROC.
81
6.5 Gi tip cuc gi:

6.5.1 Gi tip cuc gi (DIS = IRV):
Phn bit DIS = IRV ngn chn cc thu bao ng k gi tip cuc gi
ti nh tuyn ny.
6.5.2 Gi tip cuc gi ti quc t (DIS = IRX):
Phn bit DIS = IRX ngn chn ng k gi tip cuc gi ti mng
quc t i vi cc thu bao c ng dy khng thuc category RAIN.
6.6 M ho n:
6.6.1 DIS = CII.
6.6.2 DIS = DIn.
7. Chc nng phin dch quc t trong tng i E10:

7.1 Nguyn l ca chc nng phin dch quc t:
Mng quc t khng c s phn cp. Mt quc gia c th nh tuyn liu
lng ti mt quc gia khc bng hai cch:
+ Trc tip.
+ Gin tip, s dng cc dch v chuyn tip.
Tt c cc l trnh c chn u do s tho thun ca hai bn. V d:
Lu lng cuc gi gia Paris v London c nh tuyn trc tip. Mt
khc cuc gi quc t t Algiers khng c nh tuyn trc tip ti
London. Trung tm chuyn mch quc t (ISC) ti Paris ng vai tr nh
trung tm chuyn tip.
Phn ny gm:
+ Chc nng ca ISC.
+ Vai tr ca thao tc vin trong ISC.
82
+ Cc loi cuc gi quc t.

+ Phng php thit lp cuc gi quc t.
+ H thng thao tc vin.
7.1.1 Chc nng ca trung tm chuyn mch quc t (ISC):
Trung tm chuyn mch quc t (ISC) c th l:
+ ISC gi ra.
+ ISC gi vo.
+ ISC chuyn tip.
Tng i E10 cung cp s truy cp ti mng quc t cho c cc cuc gi
i quc t v cuc gi t quc t n, v vy n thc hin chc nng ca ISC
ra, vo. Tng i E10 cng c th iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn tip quc
t, v cy n thc hin chc nng ISC chuyn tip. Ngoi ra, khi tng i
E10 ng vai tr ISC th n cn c th thc hin cc chc nng sau:
+ Tng i chuyn tip quc gia.
+ Tng i t nh tuyn (CAA).
+ im truyn bo hiu (STP) trong mng bo hiu.
+ im chuyn mch dch v (SSP) truy cp ti cc dch v mng
thng minh (IN) v mng di ng (GSM).
7.1.2 Vai tr ca thao tc vin trong ISC:
Thao tc vin trong ISC phi:
+ Hi thoi vi cc tng i khc t xa :
a ra bo hiu v cc gia thc kim tra mch.
Gii quyt vn nh hng ln nhau gia cc h thng bo
hiu.
To hoc xo m nh tuyn.
+ X l ho n (FD) v k ton quc t.
7.1.3 Cc loi cuc gi quc t:
Cc kiu cuc gi khi tng i E10 thc hin cc chc nng ISC:
+ Cc cuc gi t quc t: Nhng cuc gi ny c th t:
Cc thu bao c gn vi ISC gi vo, ra.
Cc thu bao c gn vi cc CAA khc ca mng quc
gia vi s truy cp quc t.
Cc thao tc vin ca ISC gi vo, ra.
Nhng cuc gi ny t cc thu bao hoc thao tc vin nc ngoi.
83
+ Cc cuc gi ra nc ngoi: Nhng cuc gi ny t cc mch kt

cui quc t v ti:
Cc ng thu bao t ng ca mng quc gia.
Cc thao tc vin ca ISC gi vo, ra.
+ Cc cuc gi chuyn tip quc t: Cc cuc gi ny t ISC gi vo
hoc ISC chuyn tip v n ISC gi ra hoc ISC chuyn tip.
+ Cc cuc gi quc gia t cc thao tc vin chu trch nhim v lu
lng quc t hoc cc cuc gi ti cc thao tc vin ny.
+ Cc cuc gi kim tra hoc bo dng.
7.1.4 Cc phng php thit lp cuc gi quc t:
C hai phng php thit lp cuc gi quc t:
+ Bn t ng, theo cc v tr ca thao tc vin ca ISC gi vo, ra.
+ T ng (thu bao ti thu bao), khng c s can thip ca cc v tr
thao tc vin.
7.1.5 H thng thao tc vin:
H thng thao tc vin c kt ni vi tng i theo hai kiu:
+ Sysope3, mt h c lp gm:
Mt modul ngi iu khin cuc gi phn phi cuc gi ti cc
v tr thao tc vin.
Mt n v tch cc v x l th tnh ton gi cc cuc gi, ghi
v phn loi th.
+ OPE283, mt cu hnh thu gn ca Sysope3, c modul ngi iu
khin cuc gi nhng khng c n v tnh cc v x l th. Vic tnh
cc cc cuc gi do cc thao tc vin ca ISC.
Nhng h thng thao tc vin c kt ni vi tng i E10 theo nhng
nhm mch c bo hiu quc t Sysope R2 (mt bin th ca bo hiu quc
t R2).
7.2 Qun l chc nng phin dch quc t trong tng i E10:
qun l phin dch quc t trong E10, ta cn bit:
+ Cc m bo hiu c s dng.
+ D liu thit lp cuc gi quc t.
+ Cc dng quay s.
+ iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn tip quc t.
+ Truyn nhn bit ng gi i.
84
7.2.1 Cc m bo hiu c s dng:

Nhm mch quc t ni cho ISC c iu khin bi h thng bo hiu
quc t:
+ ISUP.
+ ITU N5.
+ R2.
7.2.2 D liu thit lp cuc gi quc t:
ISC s dng d liu c bit truyn theo bo hiu quc t nh tuyn
cuc gi trong mng quc t. D liu ny gm:
+ nh s cho bo hiu quc t R2 v ITU N5.
+ Cc tham s dnh cho thng bo trong bo hiu quc t ISUP.
1. Tin t truy nhp quc t: Cung cp s truy cp ti k hoch nh s
quc t. Tin t ny c th khng cn gi cho ISC.
2. M nc (I1I2I3):
M nc nhn c khi cc cuc gi t quc t l cuc gi chuyn tip.
ISC ch v vy l ISC chuyn tip. M nc c chn vo:
+ u s, trong bo hiu quc t ISUP.
+ Sau ch s cuc gi (I11, I12, I14 hoc KP2) trong knh c bo hiu
quc t.
di m nc t 1 3 ch s.
3. S quc gia (N1 Np): Nhng ch s N1 Np i din cho s ca quc
gia .
4. Ch s Z:
Ch s Z c a ra theo tham s IND trong cc lnh qun l nh
tuyn ca thao tc vin.
i vi ISC ori, Z c xc nh khi mt l trnh c to ra.
i vi ISC ter hoc ISC chuyn tip, Z nhn c trong bo hiu. Ty
thuc vo bo hiu c s dng trong nhm mch quc t, thng tin v Z
c th nhn c theo hai cch sau:
+ Trong knh c bo hiu quc t (R2 v ITU N5), Z c chn vo
gia m nc (I1I2I3) v s ca nc (N1 Np). Z l:
85
Ch s ngn ng (Z = L) khi cuc gi l bn t ng. L c

th ly cc gi tr sau:
- 1, thao tc vin ni ting Php.
- 2, thao tc vin ni ting Anh.
- 3, thao tc vin ni ting c.
- 4, thao tc vin ni ting Nga.
- 5, thao tc vin ni ting Ty Ban Nha.
- 6 8, nhng ngn ng c quy c gia cc nh
qun tr.
Mt ch s phn bit (Z = 0) khi cuc gi l t ng.
+ Trong bo hiu quc t ISUP, Z khng tn ti theo cch thng
thng. Thng tin tng ng c cha trong category ca thu bao
ch gi (tham s CDDR):
Gi tr ca category thu bao ch gi t 1 8 l nhng gi
tr m ch s ngn ng (Z = L) c th ly trong knh c bo
hiu quc t.
Cn nhng gi tr khc (thu bao ch gi bnh thng, thu
bao ch gi c u tin ) l ch s phn bit (Z = 0) trong
knh c bo hiu quc t.
5. Ch s cuc gi (IA) l mt m truy cp (tham s AC trong lnh qun l
nh tuyn ca thao tc vin).
Mi cuc gi thu c qua mt mch vo s c miu t bng mt ch
s cuc gi. Trong knh c bo hiu quc t (R2, ITU N5), IA nm ngay
u s.
Tu thuc vo loi bo hiu c s dng mch vo, qu trnh tin
phn tch IA s phn bit c cc cuc gi ter quc t t cc cuc gi
chuyn tip quc t.
+ Trong bo hiu ITU N5:
Ch s u tin thu c l KP1 (AC = 13 00): l cuc
gi ter. Cuc gi ti mng quc gia, ch s Z ng sau
KP1.
Ch s u tin thu c l KP2 (AC = 14 00): l cuc
gi chuyn tip. M nc (I1I2I3) ng sau KP2.
+ Trong bo hiu R2: Khng c m ring cho IA. ISC s quyt nh
kiu cuc gi (ter hoc chuyn tip) bng vic gii thch v tr ca Z
hoc ca cc m (I11, I12, I14) u s.
Ch s u tin thu c l Z: cuc gi ter. Cuc gi ti
mng quc gia, s quc gia (N1 Np) ng sau Z.
86
Nu ch s u tin thu c l I11, I12, I14 th l cuc gi

chuyn tip. Vi:
- I11, c b trit nhiu di
- I12, khng c b trit nhiu di.
- I14, c b trit nhiu di
+ Trong m bo hiu ISUP: Khng c IA u s. Kiu a ch ca
thu bao b gi s xc nh ngun gc cuc gi (quc gia hoc quc
t):
Kiu a ch = s quc gia (AC = 03 00): cuc gi ter.
Cuc gi c gi trc ti mng quc gia. S in thoi l
s quc gia N1 Np.
Kiu a ch = s quc t (AC = 04 00): cuc gi chuyn
tip. S gm: m nc (I1I2I3) tip theo l s quc gia
N1 Np.
7.2.3 Cc dng quay s:
Cc dng quay s c ISC chp nhn thay i tu thuc vo:
+ Cc m bo hiu c s dng trong nhm mch quc t:
ITU N5
R2
ISUP
+ Cc kiu cuc gi quc t:
Cuc gi u cui.
Cuc gi chuyn tip.
+ Phng php thit lp cuc gi quc t:
Ch t ng.
Ch bn t ng.
Cc kiu quay s c bn: Hnh a ra v d v cc dng quay s trong
mng quc t cho cc cuc gi chuyn qua:
Bng cc cuc gi quc t
Bo hiu
quc t
R2
Z N1 Np I15
ITU N5
KP1 Z N1 Np ST
ISUP
Cuc gi t ng
N1 Np ST
Bn t ng
(Ngay lp tc/c hon li)
Z (N) C11 I15
Z (N) C12 (X Y) I15
KP1 Z (N) C11 ST
KP1 Z (N) C12 (X Y) ST
(N) C11 ST
87
(N) C12 (X Y) ST
Bng cc cuc gi quc t chuyn tip:
Bo hiu
quc t
R2
ITU N5
ISUP
Cuc gi t ng
Bn t ng
(Ngay lp tc/c hon li)
I11/I12/I14 I1I2I3 Z I11/I12/I14 I1I2I3 Z(N) C11 I15
N1 Np I15
I11/I12/I14 I1I2I3 Z(N) C12 (X Y) I15
KP2 I1I2I3 N1 Np KP2 I1I2I3 Z(N) C11 ST
ST
KP2 I1I2I3 Z (N) C12 (X Y) ST
I1I2I3 N1 Np ST
I1I2I3 (N) C11 ST
I1I2I3 (N) C12 (X Y) ST
Bng a ra ngha cc ch s a ch v bo hiu cha c miu t

trong cc phn trn:
Ch s a ch hoc bo hiu
N
C11 (m 11)
C12 (m 12)
XY
I15 (R2) hoc ST (ISUP v ITU N5)
ngha
Tn trung tm chuyn mch quc t
Lu lng c truyn ngay lp tc
Lu lng c hon li
V tr thao tc vin
y a ch bo hiu
7.2.4 iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn tip quc t:

Tng i E10 s dng chc nng chuyn tip iu khin cc cuc gi
chuyn tip quc t. Cc cuc gi ny t
1. Tin phn tch:
Trong bo hiu quc t ITU N5, s thu c (KP2 I1I2I3 Z ) c tin
phn tch m khng cn chuyn i.
Trong bo hiu quc t R2, s thu c (I11/I12/I14 I1I2I3 Z ) c
tin phn tch m khng cn chuyn i. Ch s cuc gi (I11, I12, I14)
c gii thch theo h thng nhiu di.
Trong bo hiu quc t ISUP:
+ category ca thu bao ch gi c x l trc ph hp vi bo
hiu trong mch ra.
88
Nu mch ny s dng bo hiu quc t ISUP, category ca

thu bao ch gi c lu chuyn tip m khng cn s
i.
Nu mch ny s dng knh c bo hiu quc t (ITU N5,
R2) th category ca thu bao ch gi c thay i thnh
ch s c trng Z. S bin i ny l cn thit:
- chn ch s ny vo trong s c gi trc .
- ch s ho nh tuyn, tu thuc vo Z (i vi
cc kiu nh tuyn khc nhau c yu cu trong
chuyn tip).
+ Trc khi tin phn tch, chn kiu a ch ca thu bao b gi (tu
theo bng chuyn m trong bng phin dch) vo u s thu c. S
tin phn tch l s thu c c km theo m phin dch u.
+ Sau khi tin phn tch, tng i E10 c:
Ch s cuc gi incoming chuyn tip.
S bng phn tch quc t.
Thng tin v cc b trit nhiu di.
2. Phn tch:
Khi a ra ch s cuc gi chuyn tip, qu trnh x l ph thuc vo m
bo hiu s dng trong mch vo:
+ Trong knh c bo hiu quc t (R2, ITU N5):
Phn tch m nc (I1I2I3) xc nh v tr ca ch s Z
thu c, theo bng nhn bit (l bng cha tt c cc m
quc t).
Che ch s Z i tham kho bng phn tch gi ra quc t.
Ni dung ca bng ny tu thuc vo v t ca tng i E10
trong mng quc t.
Xc nh s nh tuyn.
+ Trong bo hiu quc t ISUP:
Phn tch m nc quyt nh di ca m nc.
Tham kho bng phn tch gi ra quc t.
Xc nh s nh tuyn.
Qu trnh phn tch cung cp cc thng tin sau:
+ S nh tuyn.
+ Ch s Z nhn c qua mch vo.
+ di ca m nc hoc v tr ca Z trong s thu c qua mch
vo.
+ S ban u ca thu bao b gi, c sp xp li khi khng cn Z.
89
3. nh tuyn:
nh tuyn a ra mt m truy cp (AC) ch ra cuc gi i. M truy
cp ny c chuyn thnh mt ch s cuc gi c bit bo hiu.
Thng tin cn thit nh tuyn cuc gi l:
+ Ch s cuc gi u cui hoc cuc gi chuyn tip.
+ Nhu cu kch hot hoc khng kch hot b trit nhiu di trong
mch ra.
+ Nhu cu thay i s (chn thm ch s Z ni ht cho cuc gi t
quc t t mng quc gia.
+ V tr ca ch s u tin s c gi.
nh tuyn c th l:
+ u cui vi vic gi s (kiu 1).
+ a ng tu thuc vo Z (kiu 20). Kiu ny c s dng khi nc
n:
L nc cui cng trong chui quc t.
C vi ISC vo, ra.
- Vi mt s ISC chuyn iu khin lu lng quc t
t ng.
- Vi mt s khc chuyn iu khin lu lng quc t
bn t ng.
Vic chn nh tuyn u cui l tu vo iu kin trn gi tr Z (L
hoc 0).
Sau khi nh tuyn, tng i E10:
+ Truyn ch s Z thu c, chn li vo gia m nc v s quc gia,
lit k s nh hng ln nhau ca cc h thng bo hiu.
+ Xo m nc khi ngun gc cuc gi l t ISC terminating.
+ Kim tra vic qun l nhiu di.
7.2.5 Truyn nhn bit ng gi i:
Trong cc cuc gi chuyn tip quc t, thng tin nhn bit ng gi i
c th c truyn ti thu bao b gi trong mt s iu kin nht nh:
+ Bo hiu quc t ISUP, gi ra v gi vo.
+ Ngun gc nhn bit ng gi i.
+ Khng hn ch nhn bit ng gi i trn phn ca thu bao ch
gi.
+ Khng hn ch biu din ton b trn mt trong nhng nhm mch
ra c s dng.
90
+ Khng hn ch biu din tng phn ca nhng nhm mch ra c

s dng.
Nu gp nhng iu kin ny, thu bao b gi s c thng bo nhng
thng tin nhn bit thu bao ch gi.
Trong ISC terminating, c th sa i thng tin nhn bit ng gi i
theo dng quc t. Nu thng tin nhn bit ca thu bao ch gi bt u vi
m ca nc nhn c cuc gi th ISC terminating phi loi b m ny
thu c thng tin nhn bit theo dng quc gia.
Bng sau a ra thng tin nhn bit ng gi i:
7.2.6 Cc category (CTA) v cc phn bit (DIS) c s dng khi qun l

chc nng quc t:
Thc th ca
phn h phin
dch
Nhm mch
CTA hoc
DIS
CTA = DAI
CTA = DCA
CTA = DSE
ngha
Nhm mch quc t vo, ra
C b trit nhiu di
91
CTA = SAT
CTA = TK0
Tin phn tch
nh tuyn
CTA = TR
DIS = MTI
DIS = ACS
DIS = DEI
DIS = TR
DIS = IMn
DIS = FITX
Ch th lin kt v tinh
Nhm mch s dng c thao tc vin
cung cp
Cho php thao tc chuyn tip
Ch s chuyn tip quc t
nh tuyn c b trit nhiu di
Cho php thao tc chuyn tip
Chn thm s trc ch s v tr n
Lc tnh cc
7.3 K ton quc t:

7.4 X l nhiu di:
7.4.1 nh ngha nhiu di:
Khi mt tn hiu gi n theo mt hng quan mt mi trng nht nh,
nhiu di l mt tn hiu cng loi b phn x tr li u pht tn hiu gc.
Hin tng nhiu di l do khng thch ng tr khng ti im chuyn tip
gia 4 dy v 2 dy trong mi trng truyn.
Trn nhng mch ngn, khng cm nhn c nhiu di v thi gian
truyn rt ngn.
Trn nhng mch di, thi gian truyn rt di nn cn phi iu khin
nhiu di, c p dng ch yu trn:
+ Nhng lin kt v tinh.
+ Nhng lin kt mt t di.
+ Nhng lin kt gia mng c nh v mng di ng.
Khi mi trng truyn yu cu (v d khi c mt lin kt v tinh gia hai
trung tm chuyn mch k nhau), qun l nhiu di phi c chn vo c
hai im kt thc mi lin kt.
7.4.2 B x l nhiu di:
C hai kiu thit b chuyn x l nhiu di:
+ B trit nhiu di.
+ B hu b nhiu di.
Nhng thit b ny tuy c thit k khc nhau nhng chc nng th
tng t nhau.
92
7.4.3 Cc chc nng thc hin bi tng i E10:

Tng i E10 thc hin cc chc nng sau:
+ iu khin b qun nhiu di (DTE).
+ Qun l b qun nhiu di.
1. iu khin DTE:
Vi cc lnh, tng i E10 c th v hiu ha hoc cho php nhng thit
b ph hp vi im cui ca mi trng truyn. iu tu thuc vo:
+ Chc nng c trng ca mi mch.
+ Kiu dch v lin quan khi thit lp cuc gi.
2. Qun l DTE:
Vi chc nng qun l DTE, tng i E10 c th iu khin c hoc
khng c DTE trong dch v ti im cui ca cc mch vo, ra khi cuc gi
c thit lp. iu da vo:
+ Thng tin bo hiu trao i vi trung tm chuyn mch thun nghch.
+ Nhm mch v d liu nh tuyn.
B qun nhiu di c th c chn vo:
+ Cuc gi i khi nh du DTE trong qu trnh nh tuyn.
+ Cuc gi n khi nh du DTE trong nhm mch cha cuc gi .
3. Knh c bo hiu:
4. Bo hiu s 7:
7.5 Cc lnh phin dch quc t (TRTRINT):
7.5.1 To phn h phin dch quc t:
to phn h phin dch quc t ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
+ To nhm mch vi category CTA = DAI bng lnh FSCCR.
+ To mt nh tuyn u cui kiu 1 bng lnh ACHCR.
Khi cuc gi l ori v chuyn tip th nh tuyn u cui l ging
nhau. Tuy nhin i vi phn h phin dch quc t out, nu chc nng
phin dch s dng ch s Z th ta phi chn Z vo sau m nc. V d
chn Z vo sau 2 ch s m nc, dng lnh ACHCR:
93
ACH = xxx, DIS = IMO2, IND = 2;
i vi ISC incoming v ISC chuyn tip, Z nhn c trong bo hiu.

+ Nu cn, dng lnh ACHCR to nh tuyn a ng kiu 20.
+ To m dnh tuyn quc t dng lnh INDCR.
+ To tin phn tch quc t dng lnh PRECR. i vi phn h phin
dch quc t out v chuyn tip, tham s MTI (nh du chuyn tip
quc t) phi c thm vo khi to tin phn tch.
7.5.2 Xo phn h phin dch quc t:
to phn h phin dch quc t ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
+ Xo tin phn tch quc t v m nc c lin quan, dng lnh
PRESU.
+ Sa m nh tuyn quc t:
Sa ton b m nh tuyn, dng lnh INDMO.
Xo m nh tuyn, dng lnh INDSU.
+ Xo nh tuyn t phn h phin dch, dng lnh ACHSU.
+ Xo nhm mch s dng nh tuyn, dng lnh FSCSU.
Thut ng vit tt
A
ADSL (): ng thu bao s bt i xng.
AEI (): ng ATM 622Mbit/s.
AN (): Mng truy cp.
ANT (): Kt cui mng ADSL.
ASE (): Thnh phn chuyn mch ATM.
94
ATM (): Ch truyn khng ng b.

B
BBT (): Khi c s thi gian.
BHCA (): Cuc th bo bn.
BSC (): B iu khin trm gc.
BSM (): Bus trm iu khin.
BTS (): Trm v tuyn gc.
C
CAA (self-routing exchange): Tng i t nh tuyn.
CAC (carrier access code): M truy cp sng mang.
CA/s (): Cuc th/giy.
CAS (): Bo hiu knh ring.
CDR (call detail record): Bn ghi chi tit cuc gi.
CIC (carrier identification code): M nhn bit sng mang.
CMP (): B ghp ni chnh.
CMS (): B ghp ni ph.
CN (): B tp trung s.
CNE (): B tp trung s xa.
CNL (): B tp trung s gn.
CN MM (): B tp trung s a phng tin, a dch v.
CSE (): B tp trung in t v tinh
CSN (subscriber digital access unit): n v truy cp thu bao s.
CSND (): n v truy cp thu bao s v tinh.
CSNL (): n v truy cp thu bao s gn.
CSN MM (): n v truy cp thu bao s a phng tin, a dch v.
D
DAM (): Mng thng bo s.
E
EC (echo canceler): B kh nhiu di.
ECT (explicit call transfer): Truyn cuc gi hin.
ET (): Kt cui tng i.
ETU (): n v kt cui tng i.
95
G
GSM (global system for mobile communications): H thng thng tin di
ng ton cu.
GTA (auxiliary equipment processing group): Nhm x l thit b ph tr.
H
HIS (): Giao din ng b ngoi.
I
IMA (): Dn knh ngc cho ATM.
IN(intelligent network): Mng thng minh.
IN ER 1 (): Mi trng mng thng minh ring.
IN CS 1 (): Kh nng mng thng minh.
ISC (international switching center): Trung tm chuyn mch quc t.
ISDN (): Mng s a dch v.
ISDN UP (): Phn ngi s dng ISDN.
ISUP (): Phn ngi s dng ISDN.
ITC (): Kh nng truyn thng tin.
ITU (): Lin hip vin thng quc t.
L
LA (): Tuyn thm nhp.
LD (): Lin kt d liu.
LR (): Lin kt ma trn.
LRE (): Lin kt ma trn vo.
LRS (): Lin kt ma trn ra.
LRH (): Lin kt ma trn tc cao.
M
MAL (): Vng cnh bo.
MC (): B nh chung.
MF (): a tn.
ML CC (): Phn mm chc nng iu khin thng tin.
96
ML ETA (): Phn mm chc nng qun l thit b ph tr.

ML GX (): Phn mm chc nng qun l ma trn.
ML HD (): Phn mm chc nng qun l ng tc cao.
ML MQ (): Phn mm chc nng phn b bn tin.
ML MR (): Phn mm chc nng iu khin cuc gi.
ML OC (): Phn mm chc nng nh tuyn thng tin.
ML PC (): Phn mm chc nng qun l mng bo hiu.
ML TR (): Phn mm chc nng phin dch.
ML TX (): Phn mm chc nng tnh cc.
ML URM (): Phn mm chc nng qun l PCM.
MMB (): Bus trm a x l.
MTP (): Phn truyn bn tin.
N
ND (): S ch nh.
NE (): S thit b.
NMI ():
NUP (): Phn ngi s dng mng quc gia.
NT (): Kt cui mng.
O
OM (): Phn mm vn hnh v bo dng.
OSC (): B dao ng.
P
PABX (): Tng i nhnh t ng ring.
PCM (): iu xung m.
PRAD (): Truy cp tc s cp, kt ni trc tip ti tng i.
PUP (): n v x l chnh.
PUS (): n v x l th cp.
PTX (): Tham s tnh cc.
R
RAE (): T ng gim tc nghn.
RC ATM (): Mng chuyn mch ATM.
RCH (): Mng chuyn mch tc cao.
RES (): Gim tc nghn bo hiu.
ROC (): Hon thnh cuc gi ti thu bao bn.
97
RTOS (): Phn mm c s.

S
SAB: Khuch i la chn nhnh.
SC (): Kh nng bo hiu.
SCCP (): Phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu.
SCP (): im iu khin dch v.
SCR (): Hn ch mch c chn lc.
SCSI (): Giao din h thng my tnh nh.
SDH (): Phn cp s ng b.
SMA (): Trm iu khin ph tr.
SMB (): Trm iu khin chung.
SMB A (): SMB vi chc nng ph tr.
SMB C (): SMB vi chc nng iu khin.
SMB T (): SMB vi chc nng kt cui.
SMB X (): SMB vi chc nng ma trn.
SMM (): Trm vn hnh v bo dng.
SMP (): im qun l dch v.
SMT2G (): Trm iu khin trung k th h hai.
SP (): im bo hiu.
SSE (): Trm gim st mi trng.
SSN (): S phn h.
SSP (): im truy cp dch v.
SSURT (): Phn ngi s dng mng.
SSUTR2 (): Phn ngi s dng ISDN phin bn 2.
STH (): Mng truy cp SDH.
STP (): im truyn bo hiu.
STS (): Trm c s thi gian v ng b.
T
TCA (): Ghp knh theo thi gian/chuyn mch t bo ATM phc.
TCAP (): Phn ng dng kh nng giao dch.
TMN (): Mng vin thng.
TNS (): Truyn s sng mang.
TS (): Khe thi gian.
TUP (): Phn ngi s dng thoi.
U
98
UP (user part): Phn ngi s dng.

UR (): n v u ni.
URA (): n v kt ni thu bao th h hai.
UT (): n v kt cui.
V
VPN (): Mng ring o.
Mc lc
Phn 1: Tng quan v tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 .............. 2
1. Gii thiu chung v tng i Alcatel 1000 E10: ......................................... 2
1.1 V tr: ..................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Cc ng dng h thng: ......................................................................... 4
2. Cu trc chc nng: ..................................................................................... 4
2.1 S khi tng qut: ............................................................................. 4
2.2 Cu to v chc nng mi phn h: ....................................................... 5
3. tin cy: ................................................................................................ 27
3.1 Cc thnh phn trong h thng c d phng: .................................. 27
3.2 T ng pht hin h hng: ................................................................. 29
3.3 Ngn nga h hng: ............................................................................ 29
3.4 T ng cu hnh li ngun ti nguyn: .............................................. 29
Phn 2: S liu phin dch trong tng i Alcatel
1000 E10 ........................................................................................................ 32
1. Cc khi nim c bn v s liu phin dch: ............................................. 32
99
1.1 Chc nng phin dch: ......................................................................... 32

1.2 D liu phin dch: .............................................................................. 33
1.3 nh tuyn cuc gi: .......................................................................... 34
2. Qun l tin phn tch trong tng i E10: ............................................... 37
2.1 D liu tin phn tch: ......................................................................... 37
2.2 Vai tr ca tin phn tch: ................................................................... 38
2.3 Kt qu tin phn tch:......................................................................... 38
2.4 Cc lnh tin phn tch (TRPREANA): .............................................. 40
3. Qun l phn tch trong tng i E10: ...................................................... 45
3.1 D liu phn tch: ................................................................................ 45
3.2 Vai tr ca phn tch: .......................................................................... 47
3.3 Kt qu phn tch:................................................................................ 47
3.4 Cc lnh phn tch: .............................................................................. 49
4. Qun l nh tuyn trong tng i E10: .................................................... 54
4.1 Vai tr ca nh tuyn: ........................................................................ 54
4.2 Phn loi nh tuyn: ........................................................................... 54
4.3 Cc kiu nh tuyn: ............................................................................ 55
4.4 Cc lnh nh tuyn: ............................................................................ 63
5. C ch iu khin mng: ........................................................................... 68
5.1 ch: .................................................................................................... 69
5.2 Hn ch theo khe cuc gi: ................................................................. 71
5.3 Hn ch cuc gi theo danh sch nh trc:...................................... 71
5.4 Gi tip cuc gi: ................................................................................ 71
5.5 iu chnh lu lng trn nhm mch b nghn: ................................ 74
5.6 nh hng mch: ............................................................................... 74
5.7 T ng gim tc nghn (RAE) v gim tc nghn bo hiu (RES) bi
phn ca ngi s dng (UP): ................................................................... 75
5.8 Hn ch mch c chn lc (SCR): ...................................................... 75
6. Chc nng phin dch trong cc dch v b sung: ..................................... 76
6.1 Chn sng mang: ................................................................................. 76
6.2 Phn loi cc vng ni ht chn sng mang: ................................. 79
6.3 Chuyn cuc gi: ................................................................................. 81
6.4 Hon thnh cuc gi ti thu bao bn: ................................................ 81
6.5 Gi tip cuc gi: ................................................................................ 82
6.6 M ho n: ......................................................................................... 82
7. Chc nng phin dch quc t trong tng i E10: ................................... 82
Thut ng vit tt ................................................................................ 94
100
101
102

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Phn 1: Tng quan v tng i Alcatel 1000

Phn h iu khin v u ni c nhim v qun l chuyn

BSC: B iu khin trm gc.

Hnh 1: Tng i Alcatel E10 trong mng vin

+ Trong mi phn h chc nng, nguyn tc c bn l phn phi cc

Pht trin dn nng lc x l v u ni.

2. Cu trc chc nng:

+ Phn h iu khin v u ni: Thc hin chc nng u ni v x l

PABX: Tng i nhnh t ng ring (Tng i c quan).

Hnh 2: Tng i Alcatel E10 v cc mng thng tin.

+ Kt ni cc thu bao tng t.

Hnh 3: Kt ni thu bao ti tng i Alcatel

n v truy cp thu bao s (CSN) gm cc b tp trung s (CN). Tu

CN MM (b tp trung s a phng tin, a dch v) c cc n v kt

A: Giao din ra.

2. Truy cp mng di hp:

Cc cng truy cp tc s cp (30B + D) c th c kt ni trc tip

OCB LAN: Mng cc b ca OCB.

2.2.2.1 Trm c s thi gian v ng b (STS):

trm tn hiu thi gian v

Hnh 6: To v phn phi tn hiu thi gian.

Vng hot ng ng b bnh thng: Khi STS ng b vi

2.2.2.2 Trm iu khin thit b ph tr (SMA):

Trm iu khin thit b ph tr (SMA) c ni ti ma trn chuyn

2.2.2.3 Trm iu khin chung (SMB):

Trm iu khin chung vi chc nng iu khin (SMB C) tr gip

cng m bo s ph hp gia cc s (dial) nhn c vi cc a ch ca

Ma trn chuyn mch

Giao din cho SMA,

Hnh 7: S tng qut ca ma trn chuyn mch.

+ Chng th hai gm RC ATM (mng chuyn mch ATM). Cu hnh

AEI: ng lin kt ATM 622 Mbit/s.

Mng chuyn mch ATM (RC ATM) tu thuc vo cu hnh, vi dung

ATM: Ch truyn khng ng b.

Hnh 9: Cc nhnh ca RCH vi dung lng

2.2.2.4 Trm iu khin trung k th h hai (SMT2G):

Phn mm chc nng l ML URM qun l cc lin kt PCM v s

SSE gm cc b tng hp cnh bo th cp gim st trng thi mi

2.2.3 Phn h vn hnh v bo dng (SMM):

MAL: Vng cnh bo.

Hnh 10: Vai tr ca SMM.

Trm bo dng c kt ni vi cc thit b thng tin sau :

Qun tr ti nguyn phn cng v phn mm.

Gim st cc ng dy thu bao.

N c th vn hnh cc cng vic kim tra th nghim sau

Tu theo thnh phn v cu hnh ca h thng m s lng thit b c

3.2 T ng pht hin h hng:

ML: Phn mm chc nng.

Hnh 11: T cu hnh li phn mm chc nng

ETU: n v kt cui tng i.

Hnh 12: T cu hnh li ETU.

Phn 2: S liu phin dch trong tng i

Cuc gi t thu bao

S thu bao quay

S thu bao quay

ITC: Kh nng truyn thng tin.

Hnh 13: Nguyn l chung ca phin dch

1.2 D liu phin dch:

Hnh 14: Qu trnh phin dch s

D liu phin dch c t chc thnh cc bng. Phin dch s gm vic

+ Gi tip cuc gi: C ch ny c s dng nh hng cuc gi

+ iu chnh lu lng trn nhng nhm mch: Khi mt knh b

Ti mt thu bao trong cng ty khc (quay s ca thu bao

1.6.4 S nhn c qua mch: