UMTS Optimization

UMTS Optimization
Prepared By Legend Technologies
Copy Rights LEGEND Co. 2010
Course Content
WCDMA Features
Idle Mode Behavior

Radio Link Supervision
Power control
Load sharing
Handover
Capacity management
Channel switching
3G KPIs Monitoring and analysis
WCDMA Features
Course Objective
Upon completion of this part you be able to
Explain the main parts of idle mode behavior
Explain what is the radio link supervision and what are its
benefits
Explain the different types of power control
Explain how can we control the capacity to maximize it
under minimum interference
Explain Different Handover types and scenarios
Explain how and why do we need for Load sharing and
Explain the main types of channel switching we have
Explain the Main 3G KPIs and how to analyze them
WCDMA Radio Network Features
Idle Mode Behavior
PLMN selection
Cell Selection / Reselection
Paging
Location Update and Routing area update
System Information
What is Idle Mode?

1. OFF Mode
2. IDLE MODE
3. CONNECTED MODE
UE in IDLE MODE has the following properties :

UE is Powered ON , while it doesn't have connection to the Radio Network
UE is synchronized with Radio Network and can read broadcast
information , Accordingly UE can access the Network request services .
UE is registered on the network , updating Network with its LAC ,
Accordingly UE becomes reachable by the network
Services Types in Idle Mode

Normal Service
When the UE select accepted level cell in its HPLMN
Limited Service
When the UE didnt find any accepted level cells at its
home PLMN it selects any accepted level cell at any
other PLMN
Operator reserved services

The operator can reserve any cell for testing only and
this through two parameters cell reserved and Access
classNbarred
PLMN Selection
PLMN Selection
What is it ? And When it happens ? What are the
types of PLMN selection
PLMN Selection is the process in which the UE decide
which PLMN it should register in and this process
happens when the Mobile turned on or when the
mobile returned back from limiting service
Automatic PLMN selection
Manual PLMN selection
Automatic PLMN selection

When the mobile powered on
The mobile uses information about the last registered
PLMN (Freq, the stored neighbors before off)
Mobile search the strongest signal cells and read its
system information to get (MCC and MNC)
If the chosen cell is accepted the mobile try to do the
registration
If the last chosen cell not available or there is no stored
info in the mobile USIM then the mobile might select
any accepted PLMN automatically or manually
In the automatic selection if no last register PLMN

exists or available the Mobile will select the PLMN that
is available and allowed as follow
HPLMN if not previously selected due to RAT
Each PLMN in User controlled PLMNs list in the USIM, in order
of priority
Each PLMN in operator controlled PLMN list in the USIM, in
order of priority
Other PLMNs according to the high quality criteria randomly
the minimum CPICH RSCP power is -95dBm
Other PLMNs that dont fulfill high quality criteria
Initial Cell Selection Automatic Mode

USIM
f1
Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)
HPLMN
Strongest cell
80
60
USIM
40
20
0
I
II
III
-20
-40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Frequency
1.4
1.6
1.8
x 107
II
PLMN
PLMN
PLMN
USIM
D E F
III
PLMN
PLMN
2110
I
II
III
PLMN
2170 MHz
PLMN A B C
80
60
PLMN
PLMN A
PLMN B
PLMN D
PLMN E
PLMN B
PLMN E
PLMN D
PLMN A
40
20
0
-20
PLMN
-40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

Frequency
7
x 10
IV
PLMN
80
60
PLMN
PLMN
PLMN
40
20
0
-20
-40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Frequency
7
x 10
Manual PLMN Selection

UE displays all the available PLMNS after
carriers scanning
All the available PLMNs will appear regardless
it is allowed or not and ignoring the forbidden
LACs
f1
Strongest cell
80
f2
PLMN A
PLMN B
HPLMN
PLMN E
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Frequency
1.4
1.6
1.8
x 10 7
fn
Roaming
It is the services in which the user will be able
to obtain services from another PLMN
Same country (national roaming)
Another country (international roaming)
Every 30 minutes the UE try to reselect its

home PLMN
Cell Search
Start
Detecting slot synchronization
Detecting frame synchronization and primary scrambling code group
Detecting primary scrambling and read system information
End
Broadcast Channels
SCH
P-CCPCH
PICH
P-CCPCH
Pilot Channel
1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols
= 20 bits = 666.667 uSec
Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 3 4
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
CPICH always take

code 0 from SF 256
tree
Cell selection procedure

Squal = Qqualmeas qQualMin (For WCDMA)
Qqualmeas is CPICH Ec/No
qQualMin is minimum required Ec/No
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - qRxlevMin Pcompensation

(For all cells)
Qrxlevmeas is CPICH RSCP
qRxlevMin is minimum required RSCP
Pcompensation=Max(maxTXpowerUL-P , 0)
P is maximum O/P power of the UE accoring to its class
maxTXpowerUL is maximum power used in accessing
The cell consider as accepted if

Squal > 0 and
Srxlev > 0
Cell selection occurs when

When UE is switched on
When UE in idle mode has had a number of failed RRC
connection request
When a UE returns to idle mode from the connection
mode on common channel (cell-FACH) after a number
of failed cell update
UE returns to idle mode from connected mode (cellDCH)
When a UE returns to idle mode after an emergency
call on any PLMN
Cell reselection procedure

When it occurs
When cell on which it is camping is no longer
suitable
When there is any neighbor with better quality
than the selected one
When the UE in the limited service state on an
acceptable cell
When the UE is in cell _FACH state
According to the cell reselection criteria. In order to perform cell ranking,

the UE measures the serving cell and neighbor cells listed in SIB11
according to the measurement rules .
i.
Measurement rules for cell reselection

1. Intra frequency measurements starts when
Squal <= Sintrasearch
SintraSearch : Controls when intra-frequency measurements are performed

(0 dBm)
2. Inter frequency measurements starts when

Squal <= SinterSearch
Sintersearch : Controls when intra-frequency measurements are performed (0 dBm)

3. GSM measurements starts when
Squal <= sRatSearch
OR Srxlev <= SHcsRat
sRatSearch : Controls quality Threshold at which GSM measurements are
performed (4 dBm)
SHcsRat
: Controls Signal Strength Threshold at which GSM measurements
are performed (3 dBm)
Qqualmeas (EcN0, dB)

Qrxlevmeas (RSCP, dBm)
GSM measurements can also be triggered

by low RSCP
-14
sRatSearch = 4dB
-112
sHcsRat = 3dB
(negative values are
interpreted as 0)
qQualMin = -18
qRxLevMin+P = -115
WCDMA
measurements
WCDMA & GSM

measurements
WCDMA & GSM

WCDMA
measurements measurements
Time
(s)
When the UE triggers a cell reselections

procedure it starts ranking for the cell satisfy
S-criteria (Squal > 0 and Srxlev > 0) and the
ranking will be according R-criteria
R(serving)= Qmeas(s)+qHyst(s)
R(neighbor)= Qmeas(n)-qOffset(s,n)
Qmeas: is the quality value of the received

signal which is derived from
CPICH Ec/No or
CPICH RSCP
qHyst(s): hystersis value sent to mobile in

system information used to delay the
reselection as possible on the LA boarders
qHyst1 if the ranking based on CPICH RSCP
qHyst2 if the ranking based on CPICH Ec/No
qOffset(s,n): is the offset between the serving and

the neighbor cell also used to shift the cell boarder
qOffset1sn : if the ranking based on RSCP, there
are 2 qOffset1sn one for WCDMA neighbor and
the other one for GSM neighbor.
qOffset2sn : if the ranking based on Ec/No
qualMeasQuantity is the parameter that determine
if we will do the ranking based on RSCP or Ec/No
The UE reslect the better cell if it stay better for time
interval more than Treselection
UMTS to UMTS cell

Reselection
Qmeas (dBm)
Qmeas(n)
R(n)
qOffset2sn=0
qHyst2 = 4
R(s)
Qmeas(s)
Cell reselection
R(n)>R(s)
treSelection
time
UMTS to GSM cell Reselection

Qmeas (dBm)
Qmeas(n)
qRxLevMin*
qOffset1sn
qHyst1
R(n)
qRxLevMin*+
sHcsRat
R(s)
Qmeas(s)
WCDMA&GSM
measurements
* Pcompensation is assumed to be 0
Ranking
treSelection
R(n)>R(s)
time
Cell reselection
FACH-connected cell reselection

During the FACH-connected mode the UE use secondary
common control physical channel (SCCPCH)
The parameters used to control the measurement
fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff and interFreqFddMeasIndicator
fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff (K) used to show when the UE has
to do this measurment this value should be greater than 0 and
this value send to mobile via system information
FACH measurment occasions are defined as being the frame
where the following equation is fulfilled
SFN= C-RNTI mod n*2^K
C-RNTI is the cell UE identity (16 bits) & n is the frame number 0,1,2,.
InterFreqFddMeasIndicator is a value set to True

or False if it set to True the UE will perform the
reselection criteria on inter frequency or inter RAT
and if it is set false it will not do
Location area Update and

Routing area Update
After a UE has found a suitable cell it tries to

make PLMN registration.
If the LAI or RAI read on system information
has been changed then the UE tries to do RA
or LA registration Update
During the idle mode when the UE changes its
location or routing area it should do LAU or
RAU
LAU and RAU managed by CN
Types of Updates
Periodic
Occurs periodically after timer T3212 for LAU or T3312
for RAU, the value of the timer sent to the UE over
BCCH in the IMSI attach or in RAU , it is CN parameter,
when the UE is in connected mode and the timer
expired then the UE wait until enter idle mode again to
perform the periodic LA
Normal
Occurs when the UE change its LA or RA, the UE
discover the changes after comparing the new Cell RAC
or LAC with the stored values in the USIM
IMSI attach and detach

IMSI attach occurs when the UE activated in the same
LA in which it was before deactivation and the detach
occurs when UE deactiated
This function used to prevent unnecessary paging for
the off UEs
IMSI attach is an optional function and it is managed by
cell parameter called ATT sent to UE over BCCH
If ATT set to 1 it means the UE should do IMSI attach and
detach
When the UE is turned on it sent registration request indicate
IMSI attach to find out if the LA changed or not if changed it
send normal LA update
Paging
Is the process through it the CN inform the UE
there is a service request or RAN inform all the
UEs that the System information has been
updated also to initiate the channel switch
from URA-PCH to Cell-FACH state
Paging occurs in the following states
Idle
URA-PCH
Cell-FACH
Cell-DCH
Paging in Idle mode and URA-PCH

PICH and S-CCPCH are used to page the UE
PICH used to tell the UE when to read S-CCPCH
S-CCPCH used to carry RRC message type1 which
includes actual paging info and the number of times
the WCDMA RAN will retransmit the paging
(noOfPagingRecordTransm)
DRX
In the Idle mode the UE should in order to save its
power consumption to listen to the PICH in certain
predefined times
288 bits for paging indication
b0 b1
b287 b288
One radio frame (10 ms)
12 bits (undefined)
b299
288 bits are divided to number of PIs each PI

related to one paging group and each paging
group related to one user
The number of PIs in a PICH frame is given by
parameter named PichMode
If PichMode is 72 that mean we have 72 PIs and each
one 4 bits
The UE monitors one PI in one paging occasion

per DRX cycle
The length of DRX cycle is given by 2^k * 10(ms)
Where k is the DRX cycle Length coefficient defined by

cnDRXcycleLengthCS (PS)
Different DRX cycle for CS, PS and URA-PCH
Paging in cell-FACH and cell-DCH

When the establish connection between UE and
RAN is existing Paging type 2 message are sent to
the user it is carried on DCCH so it is only for one
user.
Updated System information

RRC message paging type1 sent to the UE in the
idle mode to inform it about the updated SI
System Information
The UE read System information when

Powered on
Cell change in idle mode or Cell-FACH
UE informed that change occurred in system
information while it is in idle mode or Cell-FACH
UE switches from Dedicated mode to Common
Mode.
Timer expires for SIBs with expiration time.
Radio Connection Supervision
Radio Connection Supervision

Supervision of the UE in State Cell-FACH and
URA-PCH
Supervision of the UE in Cell-DCH
What is the radio link supervision

Is the algorithm supervises the radio connection
between the UE and the UTRAN during all the
connected states, the reason of this is to check if the
UTRAN still control the UE or not and to prevent
undue charging and increase the efficiency of
resources usage.
Occurs in both of Uplink and Downlink
Supervision in Cell-FACH and

URA-PCH
In CELL_FACH state, supervision is provided by monitoring

periodic Cell Update messages sent by the UE. The timer
cchWaitCuT is started whenever the UE enters the
CELL_FACH state, or upon transmission of a Cell Update
CONFIRM message to the UE. The timer is stopped if the UE
enters CELL_DCH state and is reset to zero (but not stopped)
upon receipt of a Cell Update from the UE. Upon expiry of the
timer, the overall release of the connection shall be triggered.
The time set on cchWaitCuT is longer than
the one set on timer t305. The timer t305 indicates how
often the UE has to send a Cell Update message.
Cell Update Message will be sent either when t305 expires or

when the UE change its serving cell
In URA PCH state the UE sent URA_Update Message instead of
Cell_ Update as in Cell FACH case
T305 expires
CCHWAITCUT
starts
Cell Update
Confirmation
Cell Update
Message
Overall Connection
Release
CCHWAITCUT Expire
CCHWAITCUT
Reset
UE Enters
Cell FACH
Timer Should
stopped if UE
Enters CELL-DCH
Supervision in Cell-DCH
In CELL_DCH state, the Radio Connection
Supervision functionality is provided by means
of two different algorithms: the Radio Link Set
Supervision algorithm, located in the RBS,
supports the Radio Connection Supervision
Evaluation algorithms, located in the SRNC
The Radio Link consider failed if and only if radio link failure
indication send from the 2 RBSs
Radio Connection Supervision (RCS)

Evaluation The Radio Connection Supervision
Evaluation algorithm keeps track of the
synchronization status of the whole radio
connection by assigning a tag to every RLS.
Radio Link Set (RLS) Supervision

The RLS Supervision function supervises the synchronization
status of the RLS provided by the RBS to the radio connection,
and reports any changes to the SRNC. When nOutSyncInd
number of consecutive frames are out-of-sync a timer
rlFailureT is started and at expiry the RLS is considered outof-sync and Radio Link Failure is reported to the SRNC. When
the RLS is out-of-sync and nInSyncInd number of frames are
in-sync, the RLS is considered in-sync and Radio Link Restore
is reported to the SRNC.
Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=06
(10 to 640 bits)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)

Pilot (FSW: is some of Pilot Bits)
TFCI
10
11
12
13
FBI
14
TPC
15
The connection is considered lost by the RCS when

the last RLS, for the connection, has been out-of-sync
for a time given by the parameter dchRcLostT. For a
connection that includes HSDPA, the PS part of the
connection is considered lost by the RCS when the
RLS that contains the Serving HS-DSCH cell, has been
out-of-sync for a time given by the parameter
hsDschRcLostT. This means that when the
hsDschRcLostT timer expires, an Iu Release will be
requested to the PS CN and when the dchRcLostT
timer expires, an Iu Release will be requested to all
involved CNs.
SRNC
Radio Link Restore
dchRcLost T Starts
Radio Link out of
sync sent to SRNC
T.S 1
Number of Bad
T.S 15
frames = nOutSyncInd
.
Number of good
frames = nInSyncInd
Good
Frame
Bad Frame #1
What is the BER of this

frame (CRC decoding)
UE sends FSW in each
Time Slot in DPCCH
rlFailure T
starts
rlFailure T
Expires
N.B if number of good frame that decoded by NB before

rlFailureT timer expiration equal to nInSyncInd then the
RL consider ok and the timer should stopped
Power Control
Power Control types

Power control
Uplink
Open Loop
Power Control
Closed Loop
Power Control
Downlink
Initial Power
settings for
Power
Closed loop
Power control
Setting Of common Channel

Power
Channel Name
Parameter Name
Default Power
Setting
Meaning
CPICH
PrimaryCpichPower
300
30dBm
BCH
bchPower
-31
-3.1dB
AICH
aichPower
-6
-6dB
FACH (control)
maxFach1Power
18
1.8dB
FACH (Traffic)
maxFach2Power
15
1.5dB
PCH
pchPower
-4
-0.4dB
PICH
pichPower
-7
-0.7dB
P-SCH
schPower1
-18
-1.8dB
S-SCH
schPower2
-35
=3.5dB
Open Loop Power Control

UL SIR
SIR=Ec/No X SF
= RSCP/RTWP X SF
= RSCP-RTWP + 10log SF
RSCP=SIR + RTWP 10log SF
SIR has target value depend on service and Channel
SF has value related to the used service
RACH preamble Power setting

P-PRACH = RSCP + Losses.
RSCP = SIR+RTWP 10log SF.
Losses = CPICH_Power CPICH_RSCP.
P_PRACH = SIR_TARGET_RACH + RTWP 10 log SF
+ CPICH_Power (pimaryCpichPower)
CPICH_RSCP.
SIR_TARRGET_RACH 10log SF + C is constant
parameter called (constantValueCprach)
ConstantValueCprach , PrimaryCPICHPower and

RTWP are sent to the UE through BCCH
Now the UE can transmit the Preamble using
P_PRACH calculated Value
Power Ramping
Parameter
Range
Default
Description
PowerOffsetPO
1 to 8
3dB
PowerOffsetPpM
-5to10
-4
-4dB
1 to 64
8 step of increase
before the
recalculation of
P_PRACH
1 to 32
4 trials for P_PRACH

calculation before
giving access failure
PreambleRetansMax
MaxPreambleCycle
RACH Message Power
RACH Data Slot (0.666 mSec)
Random Access Message (10, 20, 40, or 80 bits per slot)

RACH Message Slot (0.666 mSec)
Pilot (8 bits)
TFCI (2 bits)
Control Part Power = P_PRACH+ PowerOffsetPpm
10
11
12
13
14
15
Control Power/ Data Power = 20 log (GFc/GFd)

GFc: is standard gain factor related to control
part
GFd: is standard gain factor related to data part
This 2 parameters will be different according to
the type of carried information
Gain Factor
Range
Default
GFc (Control)
0 to 15
11
GFd (Control)
0 to 15
15
GFc (Data)
0 to 15
10
GFd (Data)
0 to 15
15
FACH Power Setting

As mentioned earlier FACH power is initially
reserved relative to CPICH power
The question Now is that do every part of FACH
message has the same power as the reserved
value
0, 2, or 8 bits
TFCI or DTX
20 to 1256 bits
Data
0, 8, or 16 bits
Pilot
TFCI_Power = FACH_Power + FO1

FO1 Default Value is 0 dB
Pilot_Power = FACH_Power + FO2

FO2 Default Value is 0 dB
Initial Setting of DL_DPDCH
In case of inter frequency non blind handover cBackoff

will be replaced by cNbifho (modified parameter to
enhance the performance of IFHO
DPDCH
Data 1
DPCCH
TPC
TFCI
DPDCH
Data 2
Default Values
PO1 (00) Step 0.25 Value 0dB
DPCCH
Pilot
Downlink Power Ramping

Upper Power Limit
P_DL_DPDCH Calculated
2nd power step size
1st power steps x steps
Used only when the NBAP indicates
it should be used via parameter first
RLS indicator
1st power Ramp
2nd power increase
Lower Power Limit
Inner loop
Setting of initial UL_DPDCH

power
Power_UL_DPCCH_initial=
PrimaryCpichPower + RTWP+uLInitSirTarget 10log(SF_DPCCH) + CPO
RSCP_PCPICH (dBm)
Measured by the UE
DPCCH_power_offset Sent to UE by
RBS in RRC connection setup Message
cPO= -30 to 30 in 0.5 dB steps default = 0 (0 dB)

PrimaryCpichpower = -100 to 500 in 0.1 dB steps default = 300 (30 dBm)
ulInitSirTarget : has different values for different services
e.g. SRB =5.7dB; RAB with SF=4 = 9.2 ; RAB with SF=16 or 8 = 8.2 dB
and for RAB with SF= 32 or higher =4.9
Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=06 (10 to 640 bits)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Pilot
TFCI
10
11
12
13
FBI
14
TPC
15
P_DPDCH power calculation

DPCCH power/ DPDCH power = Bc/Bd
DPCCH power DPDCH power= 20 log (Bc/Bd)
DPDCH power = DPCCH power- 20log(Bc/Bd)
Bc: DPCCH gain factor
Bd: DPDCH gain factor
Radio Bearer
DPCCH gain Factor
DPDCH gain factor
DPDCH power
Signaling
11
15
DPCCH power +2.7
Speech
11
15
DPCCH power + 2.7
CS 64
15
DPCCH power + 5.46
PS 64/64
15
DPCCH power + 5.46
PS 64/384
15
DPCCH power + 5.46
Inner loop power control

Up Link inner loop power control
DPDCH/DPCCH (pilot + Data +TFCI +TPC + Data)
TPC_Command =
(UP) or (Down)
DPCCH (Pilot + TFCI + TPC)
DPDCH
RBS measure
SIR_UL_RLS of
the pilot Data then
compare it with
Target value
DPCCH TPC_cmd=-1 (Down) or +1 (UP)
DPCCH change =
TPC X TPC_cmd dB
DPDCH power related to DPCCH power

SIR_UL_RLS>= SIR_TARGET
SIR_UL_RLS < SIR_TARGET
TPC command = down

TPC command = UP
UL Power control during

compressed mode
10 mSec Frames (15 slots)
Normal Operation
11
12
13
14
15
10
11
12
13
14
15
14
15 1
Compressed-Mode; single-frame method

11
12
13
14
15
12
13
Transmission Gap
Compressed period used for IRAT measurements and BSIC decoding and
confirmation
SIR_target in CM
SIR_target + 1dB
SIR_target + 0.5dB
SIR_target
13
14
15
12
Transmission Gap
13
14
15 1
14
15
TPC command in CM
TPC = 2 dB
TPC = 1 dB
13
14
15
12
13
14
15 1
Transmission Gap
Recovery Period 7 slots
after the Gap
pilot = 10 log (Npilot,prev/Npilot,curr)
DPCCH= TPC X TPC_cmd +
Pilot
14
15
Down link inner loop power

control
DPDCH/DPCCH (pilot + Data +TFCI +TPC + Data)
DPCCH (Pilot + TFCI + TPC)
DPDCH
MS measure
SIR_DL_RLS of
the pilot Data then
compare it with
Target value
TPC_Command =
(UP) or (Down)
TPC command (UP or Down)
present power P(K)= P(k-1) + Ptpc(K)
P_TPC(K) = +1 dB if (TPC_CMD is
Up) or -1 dB if (TPC_CMD is down)
SIR_UL_RLS>= SIR_TARGET
SIR_UL_RLS < SIR_TARGET
TPC command = down

TPC command = UP
Downlink Power Balancing

Power Drift
SRNC
UE
RBS 1
RBS 2
8 frame cycle
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
Frame 4
Frame 5
Frame 6
Frame 7
Frame 8
Reference value
SRNC
RBS 1
RBS 2
UE
At the beginning of each cycle a reference power, which is the average of all radio
link powers is calculated.
Over the next 8 frames cycle the power of each RL is adjusted back to this
reference value
dlPcMethod
1 no DL power
balance and no
inner loop power
control
2 No balancing only inner

loop power control is used
3 Balancing is
working
P(K) = P(K-1) + Pbalance

Pbal = +1 dB increase the power -1 dB decrease the power
Power balancing is configured to work on 8 frame cycle
4 fixed power
balancing algorithm
is used fixed Dl
reference value
Downlink power control in

compressed
mode
P(K)= P(K-1) + Ptpc(K) + P bal(K) + P sir (K) dBm
P(k-1): previous DL power
Ptpc (K): +1(UP) or -1(down) X
TPC
PSIR(K) = 3.5dB
PSIR(K) = 4dB
TPC(K) = 1 dB
13
14
15
TPC(K) = 2 dB
12
13
14
15 1
Transmission Gap
Recovery Period 7 slots
after the Gap
14
15
Outer Loop Power control

The outer loop power control algorithm performed for DL in
the UE and for the UL in the RNC
The Main idea behind the outer loop power control is to set
proper SIR target
SIR target value change according to blerQualitytargetDl
SIR target value should be between SIR Max 173 (17.3 dB) and
SIR min -82(-8.2 dB)
UL outer loop power control could be either jump regulator or
constant step regulator by ulOuterLoopRegulator parameter
1 Jump Regulator
0 constant step
Jump Regulator
SIRtarget= SIRtarget + ulSirStep(-x/(z*UPDOWNSTEPRATIO)+Y/Z)
Where:
ulSirStep = 0 to 50 in 0.1 step default 10 (1 dB)
X = Number of Transport blocks that have CRC OK
Z= Total Number of received Transport blocks
Y= Number of transport blocks that have CRC NG
UPDOWNSTEPRATIO= (1/blerQualityTargetUL * 0.5) -1 default
value is 199
blerQualityTargetUL = -63 to 0 default is -2 (0.01)
SIR_Target=5.9 dB
CRC=OK
Will continuo to drop until receive bad CRC
The SRNC will Update the SIR target value for

the UL in resolution of 0.1 dB to prevent
excessive Iub signaling.
ulInitSirTaget = 4.9
SIRTarget= 4.9+1(-0/(199*1) +1/1) = 5.9
.
NG frame received
Step Regulator
If ulOuterLoopRegulator set to 0 the Step regulator will work
Idea of step regulator is as following :
The SIR target should increased by ulSirStep when one NG CRC have
been Received
And decreased by ulSirStep if number of good CRC equal to
(1/(1.5blerQualityTargetUL) (0.5) Default 133
133 Good CRC
ulSirStep
ulSirInitTarget
NG CRC
NG CRC
Handover
Handover Type
HO Types
Hard
Handover
IRAT handover
Inter
Frequency HO
Soft Handover
Core Network
Hard HO
Soft HO
Softer HO
Soft/ Softer HO
RNC
UE
Measurement Control message
DCCH
Perform measurement
UE Evaluation
RNC Evaluation
RL addition
Active Set Update
DCCH
Active Set
Update Complete
Radio Link Removal

RNC Evaluation
Radio Link Add/Remove / Replace
Measurement Control message

DCCH
Reported Measurement
Measurements Elaboration
RRC Measurement initial
Handover triggering type

Event Triggering
Measurement to be sent whenever the levels of
cells enters the reporting range
Periodic triggering
Measurement report should be sent to the RNC by
the UE periodically
Event Description
Event 1A
Event 1B
Event 1C
Event 1D
Event 1E
Event 1F
Event 2D/2F
2B/2C
3A/3C
Compressed Mode
Compressed mode
Realization Methods
SF/2
Rate matching/puncturing
Higher layer scheduling
Load Control
PUC
ICAC
Cell Resource Decision
The algorithm Chooses UEs for Pre-emption
LDR
OLC

UMTS Optimization

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UMTS Optimization

Prepared By Legend Technologies

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Idle Mode Behavior

3G KPIs Monitoring and analysis

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WCDMA Radio Network Features

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Idle Mode Behavior

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What is Idle Mode?

UE in IDLE MODE has the following properties :

Services Types in Idle Mode

Operator reserved services

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Automatic PLMN selection

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In the automatic selection if no last register PLMN

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Initial Cell Selection Automatic Mode

Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)

Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)

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-40 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)

Manual PLMN Selection

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Every 30 minutes the UE try to reselect its

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Detecting slot synchronization

Detecting frame synchronization and primary scrambling code group

Detecting primary scrambling and read system information

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Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)

CPICH always take

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Cell selection procedure

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - qRxlevMin Pcompensation

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The cell consider as accepted if

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Cell selection occurs when

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Cell reselection procedure

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According to the cell reselection criteria. In order to perform cell ranking,

Measurement rules for cell reselection

SintraSearch : Controls when intra-frequency measurements are performed

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2. Inter frequency measurements starts when

Sintersearch : Controls when intra-frequency measurements are performed (0 dBm)

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Qqualmeas (EcN0, dB)

GSM measurements can also be triggered

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WCDMA & GSM

WCDMA & GSM

When the UE triggers a cell reselections

Qmeas: is the quality value of the received

qHyst(s): hystersis value sent to mobile in