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I l giao im ca AD v BBVy
==>Do I l trung im BB vy ta c
Mt khc N
CN .Ta c :
) nhn
lm vc t ch phng
l chn ng cao h t
2( 3) = 0
Phng trnh BC :-4 + 2 + 14 = 0
Phng trnh AH i qua H vung gc vi HD =>
: 2 + 4 6 = 0
Ta c B thuc BC B(a;2a-7) Do M l trung im AB=>(; 9 2) m A li thuc + 2
3=0
==> A(-3;3) v B(3;-1)
Phng trnh AD i qua A v D ;
Vy VTPT ca AD
Ly M i xng vi M qua AD ta c
Vy Phng trnh x=0
Ta c ngay Q(0;3) ==>M=(0;5)
Phng trnh AC i qua A v M (3; 3) (0; 5) : 2 3 + 15 = 0
AC
=>(9; 11)
Vy A(-3;3) , B(3;-1) v C(9;11)
1.3 (Ton hc tui tr) Cho tam gic ABC c
.ng phn gic trong v ng trung tuyn
ca A ln lt c phng trnh l
. Tm ta im B
Kiu bi tng i n gian khi hiu c hai 1.1 v 1.2 trn
Tm tt hng gii
Tm ngay c im A (A=AN AD)
giao im ca ng truyn v trung trc h t A
Ly C i xng vi C qua ng phn gic A (Cthuc AB)
Vit phng trnh CC giao vi AD
I l giao im ca hai ng t im I ta tm c C
Vit c phng trnh AB( i qua A v B) .
Gi N mt n N thuc AN (ng trung tuyn)
Vy tm c B mt n B thuc BN Vy ta c kt qua bi ton
Gii:
=0 Vy
vi I l giao im ca CC vi AD
Gi N
v B
VTCP ca AB
<=>
AB:
Vy
.Vy B(-12;1)
*Nhn xt cui cng ca k thut i xng, k thut i xng rt hiu qu trong bi ton c cc yu t
v phn gic trong ca mt tam gic hoc l i xng tm (in hnh nh kiu bi hnh thoi c tm i
xng).
Qua nhng v d trn ta li mt kinh nghim cho bn thn rng .Khi cho ng trung tuyn(hay
trung im i qua mt im v ngnhin l bi ton ch cho i ng thng i qua im ) hay ngh n
ngay chnh l tham s im v vn quan trng y v bit tham s ha im no phi da vo bi.
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. Phng
p s C
1.5 (Ton hc v tui tr 2013 ) Cho tam gic ABC c
ng thng
v song song vi BC, ng phn gic trong AD c phng trnh
cnh cn li ca tam gic ABC.
p s :
i qua A
. Vit phng trnh cc
1.6 Cho tam gic ABC c A(1;2) , ng trung tuyn BM v ng phn gic trong CD ln lt c phng
trnh 2x+y-1=0 v x+y-1=0 .Vit phng trnh BC
p s : 4 + 3 + 4 = 0
1.7(Khi D 11) Cho tam gic ABC c nhh B(4;1) , trng tm G(1;1) v ng thng cha phn gic trong
ca gc A c phng trnh x y 1 = 0 . Tm ta ta cc nh A v C.
p s : A(4;3),C(3;1) Gi nh i vi loi bi m c trng tm hy ngh n trung im ca cnh di din
n s mang li iu cn tm .T s dng k thut i xng n s rt hiu qu .
1.8(Khi B 2008) Hy xc nh to nh C caa tam gic ABC bit rng hnh chiu vung gc caa C trn
ng thng AB l im H(1; 1), ng phn gic trong gc A c phng trnh x y + 2 = 0 v ng cao
k t B c phng trnh 4x + 3y 1 = 0.
10
3
p s 3 ; 4
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2.1 Trong h trc ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c A(5:-7).im C thuc ng thng i qua
B v trung im AB c phng trnh 3x-4y-23=0.Tm ta B,C,D (Bit honh D>1)
Tm tt cch gii
-Chng minh c rng ATH
(g.g)
-Gi C thuc x-y+4=0.S dng iu va chng minh tm
C
-Gi D thuc DE =>s dng tnh cht vung gc tm
c D tm c ==>B
Ta xt
dng)
Gi D thuc DE (
S dng
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[b 1a 11
b 1 a Vy phng trnh
3
Bi ny t tng n gin l hai cnh vung gc vi nhau .Nhng gii c cng l mt kh khn .
2.3 Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 16, phng trnh ngthng AB : x y + 3 = 0 , im
I(1 ; 2) l giao im ca hai ng cho. Tm ta d cc nh ca hnh hnh ch nht.
-Khi nhc n yu t din tch ta lin tng ngay n kh thut khong cch
ang c trnh by y.
Tm tt bc gii bi:
-Da vo cng thc khong cch tnh c HI(m 2HI=BC) Vy tm c BC
-Tm c AB (do c din tch) Khi tm AB==>Tm c AC ==>AI
-Khi tm c AI th ta c th tm c A v B hai im ny hon i cho
nhau .(Khi tnh theo AI ) s thu c hai gi tr khi c A v B ri th tm C v
D s rt d.
Gii:
12+3
Tnh IH da vo cng thc tnh khong cnh =
= 2 ==> BC=2 2
2
Da vo din tch ta tm c AB.CD=16 ==>AB= 4 2
p dng pytargore i vi tam gic vung ACB tm c AC=2 10 ==>AI= 10
Gi A AB c (a;a+3) I(1;2) Vy = (1 ; 1 ) | |= 10
=> 1 2 + 1 2 = 10 [ a 2
a 2
Vy (2; 5) v B (2; 1) hoc (2; 1) v (2; 5)
Trng hp 1 Vi (2; 5) v (2; 1)
p dng cng thc trung im ta c ngay ta ca C v D
(0; 1), (4; 3)
Trng hp 2 (2; 1) (2; 5)
Tng t ta c (4 ; 3), (0; 1)
Kt lun : (2; 5), (2; 1), (0; 1), (4; 3) (2; 1), (2; 5), (4; 3), (0; 1)
2.4 Cho hnh ch vung ABCD vi M,N ln lt l trung im AB v BC .Phng trnh AN:3x-4y+7=0.
Phng trnh ng thng CM:y-6=0.Bit B thuc ng thng 2x-y-2=0 xB .Tm A,B
Bi ton ch thc kh bc u tin ca bi .y l bc quan
trng quyt nh.
Tm tt
-Chng minh c BT=BH (Da vo hai tam gic bng nhau)
-S dng iu va chng minh c tm B
-Gi M thuc CM ==>A m A thuc CN tm ngay c A
Gii:
=
Tam gic = v = (c.g.c)
=
Vy BH=BT(hai ng cao tng ng)
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50
13
2 = 3 (1 2)
= 2
=1
5 = 3 (2 5)
4
S dng =
=1
5 = 4
<=>
2 =4
=6
Vy kt lun A(-2;1) , B(2;5) ,C(5;2)v D(1;6)
+ +1
= 32
2.9 (Chuyn Vnh Phc) Cho hnh bnh hnh c din tch bng 4 .Bit A(2;0) ,B(3;0) v giao im I ca hai
ng cho AC v BD nm trn ng thng = .Tm ta C v D
p s : C(3;4) v D(2;4) hoc C(-5;4) v D (-6;-4)
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3.2 Cho hnh vung ABCD M l trung im CD ; NBC sao cho CN=2AB (AN);2x-y-2=0 .Tm A.
bi nhn ngn gn nhng phi pht hin c khi cho t s nh vy ta c th tnh gc c.Ci mu cht
chnh l tnh c gc NAM.
Tm tt:
-t AB=a Tm ra cc cnh AM ;AN;MN
==>Tnh cos NAM da vo nh l hm s cosin
-Vit phng trnh AM to vi AN mt gc .
Gii :
t AB=a Theo Pythagore i ci tam gic vung ADM th ta c
5
10
3
|2 |
2 + 2 5
2
2
=>3 8 3 = 0 Vy = 3 hoc = 3
Trng hp 1 a=3 v b=1 Ta c phng trnh AM :3 + 17 = 0==>A(4;5)
11
1
Trng hp 2 b=3v a=-1Ta c phng trnh AM : 1( 2 ) + 3( 2) = 0
==>A(1;-1)
(; ) (; )
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Gii:
Gi F l giao im ca AH vi BD
Gi E l giao im ca AC vi BM.Ta c F l trc tm
ca ABE v E l trng tm ca BCD .Ta c
1
=
3
1
= ( )
6
1
p dng Pythagore cho tam gic EIB c 2 = 2 + 2 = 2 + 36 2 , =
Ta c = = =
37
37
6
(hai gc ph nhau)
= ( 2; 2 8) v = (; 4 2 ) Do gc NCM l gc vung nn . = 0
= 1 (do ch ly a nguyn) m khng ly a=1,4 Vy C(-1;5)
Vit phng trnh CM do i qua C(-1;5) v M(0;4)
Vy phng trnh CM:x+y-4=0
1.1+2.1
3
1
1
2
Tnh ; =
=
Vy
p
dng
cng
thc
1
+
tan
=
Vy
=
2
10
10
cos
3
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=3
Vy = 2v BC = 3 2 Ti y ta s gp nhiu tnh hung v y ta nn
. = 6
tm D trc v ta c th khng ch im D.Ngoi ra ta cng c th tm B trc v B phi cng pha vi M so ci
AC (V ta bit M nm trn cnh BC) Cn i vi N th n thuc ng thng AC ta vn cha khng ch
c v tr.
Vit phng trnh CD i qua C v N : + 6 = 0
Gi ( ; + 6) Ta c : = = 2 = ( + 1; + 1)==>2 + 1 2 = 2
c d=0 hoc d=-2 Vi D=(0 ;6) hoc D=(-2 ;4)
Ti tnh hung ny ta khng bit phi lm sao nhn c hai im D hay ch mt im D th cng c chng
minh khc pha s gip ta ta thy r rng D phi khc pha mi M so vi AC
Vy ch c D(0 ;6) tha mn yu cu
Sau khi tm D ta s tm B gi ( ; 4 ) do B thuc CM
BC = 3 2 = (1 ; 5 4 + ) Vy + 1 2 + 1 2 = 18
Vy = = Tip tc loi im khng ph hp lp lun tng t th B v D phi khc pha so vi
AC Vy B(2;2)
Ti y tng i d dng thin ng dng dng nh pha trc ta s dng dng ng thc Vecto
c l s l cch ngn hn nht.
= tm ra c im A(; )
:A(; ), B(2;2), C(-1;5) v D(0 ;6)
Nhn xt bi ton :bi ton nhn chung tng i n gin v cc lm bi kh r rng ,ch kh l ch nhn
bit tnh cc cnh tm im no ph hp tm trc bi ton tr nn d dng .Bc loi im khng ph
hp nhiu d gy nhm ln.im M l mt c nh duy nht trong bi .
Vy ta c h sau :
3.5( S GD&T Bc Ninh 2014) Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AD: 2x + y 1 = 0 , im I(-3;2) thuc BD
saocho = Tm tt c cc nh ca hnh ch nht bit xD > 0 v AD = 2AB .
Tng t nh hng trn ta s tm c im D u tin v da vo k
thut gc.T tng kh n gin khng nhiu lt lo trong tnh ton.
Gii:
1
Vy p dng cng thc 1 + tan2 = cos 2
tan = = 2 vy =
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5
2
vy =
3.8(Lng Ti 2 Bc Ninh) Cho ABCD l hnh thoi vi AC = 2BD, tm I(2 ; 1). im (0; 3 )thuc
ng thng AB, im N(0 ; 7) thuc ngng thng CD. Tm ta nh B bit B c honh dng.
p s : B(1;-1)
3.9(S GD&T Bc Ninh 2014) Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AD = 2AB. Gi M, N ln ltt l trung im
caa AD, BC. Trn ng thng MN ly im K sao cho N l trung im ca MK. Tm taa cc nh ca
hnh ch nht bit K(5;-1), AC : 2x + y 3 = 0 v yA>0
p s : A(1;1),B(3;1),C(3;3),D(1;3)
Vn cn tip (Bi ton kt hp cc tnh cht hnh hc ,ng trn ,elip)!
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