ETABS - MR Tran Quang Hien

HNG DN TNH TON KT CU
VI PHN MM
ETABS 9.04
GVHD: ThS. Trn Quang Hin.

SVTH: Dng Phc Quang Minh.
(Mn hnh lm vic chnh ca ETABS)
Bi s 1: Lm quen vi ETABS.
Bc 1:
Sau khi khi ng ETABS, ta tin hnh chn h thng n v cho bi ton l
(Ton-m)
gc di bn phi ca mn hnh lm vic chnh ca ETABS.
Bc 2: To li.
Trong ETABS, vic thit lp cc m hnh cc phn t (dm, ct) u c thit
lp trn mt h thng li. Do , cng vic u tin ca ta l to h li, y cng chnh
l mt c im khc so vi SAP.
Chn File New Model. Ca s New Model Initialization xut hin nh sau.
Kch chut vo nt
ca hp thoi trn. Lc ny, hp thoi Building
Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition xut hin.
(Hp thoi khai bo s tng v h thng lihnh chiu bng ca cng trnh)
Gii thch cc thng s cn khai bo trong hp thoi Building Plan Grid System
and Story Data Definition:
Grid Dimensions (Plan)
- Number Lines in X Direction: S ng li
theo phng X.
- Number Lines in Y Direction: S ng li
theo phng Y.
- Spacing in X Direction: Khong cch 2
ng li theo phng X.
- Spacing in Y Direction: Khong cch 2
ng li theo phng Y.
Story Dimensions
- Number of Stories: S tng.

- Typical Story Height: Chiu cao mi tng trn.
- Bottom Story Height: Chiu cao tng trt.
Trong bi s 1 ny, ta cn to mt h thng li c dng nh sau.
Ta nhp cc thng s nh sau.
Kch chut nt
sau.
, mn hnh chnh ETABS xut hin m hnh li nh
ca s 3D ta tin hnh xoay hnh c c gc nhn r hn. Ta tin hnh thao

tc xoay hnh nh sau.
- Kch chut vo ca s 3-D View (xc nh lm vic ca s ny).
- View Set 3D View. Hp thoi Set 3D View xut hin, tip tat hay i cc
thng s nh sau.
(Hp thoi Set 3D View lc u)
(Thay i cc thng s gc nhn)
Lc ny, ta c mn hnh lm vic chnh nh sau.
Cch di chuyn cc mt li:

Mt li hnh chiu bng:
Khi kch chut lm vic ca s 2D, ta s thy ca s 3D c 1 vt sng. Vt
sng l mt li ang c th hin 2D.
Ta c th di chuyn cc mt li bng cch kch chut vo cc cp nt
Mt li hnh chiu ng:

Ngay t lc u, ETABS mc nh th hin mt li hnh chiu bng. Do
th hin mt li theo hnh chiu ng ta lm nh sau.
View Set Elevation View. Hay ta kch chut vo nt
Lc ny, hp thoi Set Elevation View xut hin.
thanh cng c.
Mt li hnh chiu ng c 2
dng, dng mt li theo trc 1 4 v
dng mt li theo trc A D. Do ,
hp thoi Set Elevation View trong
Elevations th hin cc trc ca mt li
hnh chiu ng m ta cn chn th
hin ca s 3D.
Trong Elevations ca hp thoi Set Elevation View, ta chn 1 th hin mt

li hnh chiu ng i qua trc 1. Chn
kt thc. Lc ny, ca s lm vic
chnh ca ETABS c dng nh sau.
Ch : Vt sng th hin mt
li nm trc 1.
Ta cng dng cp nt
di chuyn mt li hnh chiu ng theo cc
trc khc (2, 3, 4, A, B, C, D).
Nu ang th hin mt li hnh chiu ng m ta li mun chuyn sang mt li
theo hnh chiu bng. Ta lm nh sau.
View Set Plan View. Hay ta kch chut vo nt
ny, hp thoi Select Plan Level xut hin.
thanh cng c. Lc
Tip , ta chn s tng

(story) trong Select ca hp thoi
Select Plan Level m ti mt li
s c th hin. Bm
kt thc.
Bi 2:
A. Nhp d liu:
Bc 1:
(Ton-m)
Bc 2: To li.
Kch chut vo nt
Plan Grid System and Story Data Definition xut hin v ta thay i cc thng s nh
sau.
y l m hnh li 2D (x, z) nn ta c s ng li theo phng trc y ch c

1. Cng chnh v theo phng trc y ch c 1 ng li nn khong cch ca cc ng
li theo phung trc y ta khng cn nhp (khng quan tm_ nh mc nh).
Bm nt
kt thc bc to li. Lc ny, mn hnh lm vic chnh
ca ETABS c dng nh sau.
Xoay hnh 3D: d nhn ta xoay hnh ca s 3D theo v mt phng (x, z).
- View Set 3D View. Hp thoi Set 3D View xut hin, tip ta thay i cc
thng s nh sau.
Trong trng hp ny, ta c th lm

nhanh bng cch bm vo nt
trong
Fast View ca hp thoi Set 3D View.
Bm nt
kt thc. Ca s 3D c dng nh sau.
Bc 3: Chn khung phng.

Sau khi to xong h li phng bc 2, ta tin hnh to cc khung theo h
li.
Edit Add to Model from Template Add 2D Frame. Hp thoi 2D
Frame xut hin.
Kch chut vo nt 2D Frame

hp thoi 2D Frame, hp thoi Portal Frame
xut hin.
Gii thiu v hp thoi Portal Frame.

Geometry:
-
Number of Stories: S tng.

Number of Bays: S nhp.
Bay Width: B rng mi nhp.
Restraints at Bottom: L khai bo (gn) iu kin bin cho cc nt chn ct.

-
None: Khng gn iu kin bin.

Pinned: Gi c nh.
Fixed: Ngm.
Trong bi ny ta gn iu kin bin l ngm cho cc nt chn ct, nhng ta s

khng lm ngay bc ny m tch ra thnh mt bc ring cc bc pha sau. Nn ta
chn None.
Khai bo li hp thoi Portal Frame nh sau.
Bm
tt hp thoi ny.
kt thc. Lc ny, hp thoi Properties of Object xut hin, ta
Lc ny, du nhc con chut c dng mi tn en hng ln . Ta bm nt Esc

bn phm tr v trng thi bnh thng.
Ch : Khi khai bo li hp thoi Portal Frame ta thy hnh nh ta khai bo thiu
mt gi tr, chnh l chiu cao mi tng. Thc ra vic ny ETABS lm gip mnh
bi v cch thc lm vic ca ETABS l chiu cao mi tng bng chiu cao ca mi tng
li.
Khi gn khung ln h li xong, th ta ch c s thay i mu sc mn hnh

chnh. Khung c mu vng, li c mu trng.
Bc 4: ng ca s 2D, thay i hng nhn ca s 3D theo hnh chiu ng.
Nu nh Bc 2 ta khng tin hnh vic xoay hnh th n lc ny ta phi tin
hnh xoay hnh. Ngoi ra, ta cn c mt cch m khng cn xoay hnh m kt qu vn
ging nh vic xoay hnh l thay i hng nhn ca s 3D theo hnh chiu ng.
View Set Elevation View. Hay ta kch chut vo nt
Lc ny, hp thoi Set Elevation View xut hin.
thanh cng c.
Chn trc 1 Elevations

v bm nt
kt thc.
Lc ny ca s 3D c dng nh sau.
Bc 5: Gn iu kin bin.
bc 3 chn khung phng, ta c th gn iu kin bin cho cc nt chn ct.
Nhng trong bi ny vic gn iu kin bin c tch ra thnh mt bc ring gip
ngi hc bit thm mt cch khc.
Chn cc nt chn ct bng 1W.
Assign Joint/Point Restraints (supports). Hp thoi Assign Restraints
xut hin. Tip , ta khai bo iu kin bin l ngm
Bm nt
tng ngm nh sau.
kt thc. Lc ny, cc nt chn ct xut hin cc biu
Bc 6: Khai bo cc c trng vt liu.

Define Material Properties. Hp thoi Define Materials xut hin nh
sau.
Trong Materials chn CONC (btng), tip chn

trong Click to:. Hp thoi Material Property Data xut hin.
Phn tch hp thoi Material Property Data:

Trong Analysis Property Data:
Mass per unit Volume: Khi lng ring.
Weight per unit Volume: Trng lng
ring.
Modulus of Elasticity: Modun n hi.
Poissons Ratio: H s Poisson.
Coeff of Thermal Expansion : H s dn n
nhit.
Shear Modulus: Modun n hi trt.
Nhp li cc thng s trong hp thoi Material Property Data nh sau:
Ch :
-
Gi tr Khi lng ring ca btng (Mass per unit Volume) ta nhp l 0. iu

khng c ngha l Khi lng ring ca btng bng 0 m thc ra trong bi
ton ny gi tr KLR khng s dng n. KLR ch phn tch bi ton ng hc,
m trong bi ny ta ch phn tch dng tnh hc.
Gi tr Mun n hi trt (Shear Modulus) l gi tr m ta khng cn nhp,
bi v my tnh gip ta da theo cng thc sau:
G=
E
2(1 + )
Trong :
G_ Mun n hi trt.
E_ Mun n hi.
_H s Poisson.
-
Trong qu trnh nhp cc gi tr trong Analysis Property Data ta thy gi tr

Mun n hi trt (Shear Modulus) khng thay i, iu khng c ngha l
my khng tnh theo cng thc trn, m thc ra ta mun xem gi tr Mun
n hi trt mi ta phi vo li hp thoi Material Property Data sau khi
bm
nhp cc h s nh trn.
Cui cng, bm nt
hai ln kt thc bc khai bo vt liu.
Bc 7: Khai bo tit din.

Define Frame sections. Hp thoi Define Frame Properties xut hin.
1. Khai bo tit din cho ct:

Chn
Add
Rectangular
bng
cch
bm
nt
ri
xung
trong
ca Click to: nh hnh minh hc di y.
Ngay lp tc, hp thoi Rectangular Section xut hin v ta nhp li cc gi tr

nh sau.
Trong hp thoi Rectangular Section Dimensions c 2 gi tr. Depth (t3) l

chiu cao ca tit din, Width (t2) l b rng ca tit din.
hon thnh vic khai bo tit din cho ct.
Bm nt
2. Khai bo tit din cho dm:

Ta tin hnh cc bc lm tng t nh khai bo cho ct v nhp cc gi tr nh
sau.
Bc 8: Gn tit din va khai bo cho cc phn t.

1. Gn tit din cho ct:
- Chn cc ct bng 5 CW (Crossing Window).
- Assign Frame/Line Frame Section. Hp thoi Assign Frame Properties
xut hin.
- Chn C0404 trong Properties ca hp thoi Assign Frame Properties ri bm nt

kt thc.
2. Gn tit din cho dm:

- Chn cc ct bng 5 W.
- Lm tng t nh ct.
Sau khi gn xong tit din cho ct v dm, th bn cnh ct v dm xut hin cc
tn tit din m ta t trong bc 7 khai bo tit din.
tt cc k hiu tn tit din ta kch chut vo nt

. Hp thoi Set Building
View Options xut hin. Tip bm nt
tt hp thoi Set Building View
Options. Lc ny, cc k hiu tn tit din s khng c th hin.
Bc 9: Khai bo v gn ti trng.
1. Khai bo tnh ti.
Define Static Load Cases. Hp thoi Define Static Load Cases Names
xut hin.
Trong ct Load ta thay DEAD bng TINHTAI, tip ta kch chut vo nt

th DEAD s c thay th bng TINHTAI. Kch chut vo LIVE
ct Load tip kch chut vo nt
xo LIVE. Ta c hp thoi
Define Static Load Cases Names nh sau.
Bm
kt thc.
Ch : Thng s Self Weight Mutiplier trong hp thoi Define Static Load Cases
Names c gi l h s nhn dnh cho trng lng bn thn. trong phn khai bo trn
ta khai bo h s ny l 1. iu c ngha l ETABS s t tnh thm phn trng lng
bn thn ca cng trnh m ta khng cn phi tnh. Nu ta nhp h s trn l s 0, th khi
gn ti trng ta phi gn tng ti trng bao gm ti trng bn thn v ti trng ngoi.
2. Gn lc phn b cho dm.
a. Gn lc phn b cho dm tng 1, 2, 3.
Chn cc dm tng 1, 2, 3 bng 3 W.
Assign Frame/Line Loads Distributed. Hp thoi Frame Distributed
Loads xut hin v ta khai bo nh sau.
Lc phn b (Distributed Load) c 2 dng, dng phn b u (Uniform Load) v

dng phn b khng u (Trapezoidal Loads). Trong bi ny ta ch s dng dng phn
b u, nn ta ch khai bo trong Uniform Load v trong Trapezoidal Loads khng
khai bo.
Trong Load Type and Direction ta chn phng ca lc l Gravity (trng
lc). Nn khi nhp gi tr Uniform Load ta nhp l +0.5 v lc phn b c chiu
hng xung cng chiu ca trng lc.
Bm nt
kt thc.
b. Gn lc phn b cho dm tng 4, 5.
tt cc k hiu lc phn b ta kch chut vo nt

. Hp thoi Set Building
View Options xut hin. Tip bm nt
tt hp thoi Set Building View
Options. Lc ny, cc k hiu lc phn b s khng c th hin.
Bc 10: Gn s mt ct cho tt c cc phn t.

Chn tt c cc phn t bng cch bm vo nt
thanh cng c bn tri mn
hnh chnh.
Assign Frame/Line Frame Output Station. Hp thoi Assign Output
Station Spacing xut hin. Ta nhp gi tr nh sau.
Bm nt
Dng nt
kt thc.
tt s th hin cc k hiu s mt ct bn cnh cc phn t.
Bc 11: Phn tch bc t do.

Analyse Set Analysis Options. Hp thoi Analysis Options xut hin.
Chn nt
Analysis), sau bm nt
v xo du 5 phn phn tch ng hc (Dynamic

kt thc.
B. Lu bi ton vi tn BT02.
C. Gii bi ton.
Analyse Run Analysis hay bm vo nt
D. Kho st ho.
1. Xem hnh dng ban u:
Sau khi gii bi ton, ETABS th hin khung di dng b bin dng. Do
xem li hnh dng ban u ca khung ta lm nh sau.
Display Show Undeformed shape
2. Xem hnh dng b bin dng:
Display Show Deformed Shape.... Hp thoi Deformed Shape xut hin.
Bm
kt thc.
3. Xem phn lc chn ct:

Display Show Member Forces/Stress Diagram Support/ Spring
Reactions.... Hp thoi Point Reaction Forces xut hin.
Bm nt
kt thc.
(gi tr phn lc di chn ct)

4. Xem biu ni lc:
Display Show Member Forces/Stress Diagram Frame/Pier/Spandrel
Forces.... Hp thoi Member Force Diagram for Frames xut hin.
-
Trong Load ta chn ni lc do TINHTAI

gy ra.
Trong Component ta chn thnh phn ni
lc cn xem.
+ Axial Force: Lc dc.
+ Torsion: Moment xon.
+ Shear 2-2: Lc ct theo phng 2-2.
+Moment 2-2: Moment quay quanh trc 2-2.
+Inplane Shear : Lc ct trong mt phng
lm vic.
+ Inplane Moment : Moment un trong mt
phng lm vic.
Bm nt
xem thnh phn ni
lc chn.
Dm s 1
(Biu ni lc Moment 3-3)

xem biu ni lc Moment 3-3 dm s 1 mt cch chi tit, ta a chut
n dm s 1 ri kch phi chut. Lc , hp thoi Diagram for Beam B1 at Strory
STORY1 (D0304) xut hin.
Phn tch hp thoi Diagram for Beam B1 at Strory STORY1 (D0304):

Equivalent Loads (Biu lc quy i)
Shears (Biu lc ct_trong TH ny l lc ct theo phng 2-2)
Moments (Biu moment_trong TH ny l moment 3-3)
Deflections (Biu bin dng)
Display Options
Scroll for Values_Cho php gi tr ni lc cc v tr
theo mun.
Show Max_Hin th gi tr ni lc max.
Khi chn ch Scroll for Values trong Display Options ta c th dng chut
nhp vo v r con chy n v tr cn xem gi tr ni lc v bin dng.
Khi trng thi bin dng (mc 2 phn D), ta kch phi chut vo nt s 1. Lc
, hp thoi Point Displacements xut hin. Hp thoi ny th hin gi tr bin dng ca
nt s 1 theo cc phng.
Qua hp thoi ny ta bit c nt 1 b bin dng xung theo phng x mt on

0.000196 mt.
Tr li vic phn tch ni lc ca dm s 1. hp thoi Diagram for Beam B1
at Strory STORY1 (D0304) trong bin dng Deflections, ta xem bin dng u dm
(trng vi nt s 1) c kt qu nh sau.
1.959E-04 mt = 0.000196 mt
* Ch : Ta phi chn ch cho xem kt qu tuyt i (Absolute)
E. Lu v c kt qu phn tch bi ton di dng file vn bn.
Sau khi gii bi ton xong. Chn File Print Tables Analysis Output.
Hp thoi Print Output Tables xut hin.
Trong Type of Analysis Results ta chn cc gi tr cn phn tch. Trong bi ny
ta chn 3 gi tr: Displacement, Reactions, Frame Forces (ni lc trong cc phn t).
Tip , kch chut vo nt
. Hp thoi Select Output xut
hin.
Trong hp thoi Select Output, ta chn TINHTAI Static Load trong Select.
Bm nt
kt thc vic chn lc phn tch. Lc ny, ta li tr v vi hp
thoi Print Output Tables. Kch 5 Print to File, ngay lc File Name xut
hin ng dn ca file kt qu phn tch.
Nu mun thay i ng dn cho file kt qu phn tch, ta kch vo nt

bn cnh dng ng dn v chn ng dn khc.
Bm nt
kt thc.
xem file bai2.txt ta lm nh sau. File Display Input/Output Text Files.

Hp thoi Display Text File xut hin. Ta chn ng dn ti file bai2.txt ri bm nt
m.
(Kt qu chuyn v ti cc im thuc cc tng)

Gii thch:
- STORY: Tn tng _ V d STORY5 l tng s 5. Cch vit trong ETABS l vit
t tng cao nht cho n tng trt (BASE).
- POINT: Tn im nt tng ng vi tng ct STORY. S im c nh du
th t t tri sang phi theo s tng. Cc nt tng BASE chnh l cc chn ct.
- LOAD: Tn loi ti trng.
- UX, UY, UZ : 3 thnh phn chuyn v.
- RX, RY, RZ: 3 thnh phn gc xoay.
(Phn lc chn ct)

i chiu mc 3 phn D ta c phn lc ca chn ct ngoi l 17.61.
(Ni lc ct)
Gii thch:
- LOC: V tr ca cc mt ct. Trong bc 10, ta gn s mt ct cho tt c cc
phn t l 5 nn trong ct LOC ng vi mi ct (C1, C2,) u c 5 v tr mt
ct.
- P: Lc dc.
- V2, V3: Lc ct theo phng 2-2 v 3-3.
- T: Moment xon.
- M2, M3: Moment xoay quanh trc 2-2 v 3-3.
Ch :
Ta c ct cao 5m, c chia ra lm 4 on bi 5 mt ct tng tng. Nh vy
mi phn on di 1.25m. Nh vy v tr cc mt ct phn on s phi l nh sau.
0.0000
1.2500
2.5000
3.7500
5.0000
Nhng trong bn bo co, v tr cc mt ct li l
. Vy v sao?
V khi khai bo h khung dm v ct ch c th hin bi cc thanh mnh ni vi nhau
ti cc nt. Cn trong thc t, ta bit dm cao 0.4m nn chiu cao ca ct lc ny ch cn
4.6m (tnh mp dm di). Do vy, chiu di mi phn on ca ct l 1.15.
(Ni lc dm)
Ta c dm di 4m, c chia ra lm 4 on bi 5 mt ct tng tng. Nh vy
mi phn on di 1.25m. Nh vy v tr cc mt ct phn on s phi l nh sau.
0.0000
1.000
2.0000
3.0000
4.0000
Nhng trong bn bo co, v tr cc mt ct li l

. Vy v sao? Trong
thc t, chiu di mi dm di 4m c tnh t tm ct ny n ct kia. Nhng ct c b
rng l 0.4m nn gi tr mt ct phn on u tin c tnh mp ct ny l 0.2m v
n mp ct kia l 3.8m.
Mt vi lu :
1. Trong bi ta c cp n 2 vn l W (Window) v CW (Crossing
Window). W, CW chnh l dng chut bt cc phn t (dm, ct) bng cch r
chut thnh 1 hnh t gic (Window). W l r chut t tri sang phi, v ch bt
c i tng khi i tng c m trn. CW l r chut t phi sang tri
v ch cn ct qua (crossing) i tng th bt c i tng.
2. Trong bi ta cp n 2 trc to . Mt l h trc to chnh (x, y, z), hai l
h trc to a phng (1-1, 2-2, 3-3). Mi mt phn t u c mt h trc to
a phng ring. Chnh nh h trc to ny m ta xc nh c cc thnh
phn ni lc ca cc phn t nh V2, M3
3. H trc a phng ca phn t Frame.

Dm:
<2>
<1>
z
<3>
y
x
(H trc a phng ca phn t dm)
Trc 1: i t u u n u cui ca phn t.

Trc 2: Song song v cng chiu vi trc z.
Trc 3: c to ra t 2 trc <1> v <2> theo nguyn tc bn tay phi.
Nguyn tc bn tay phi: t bn tay phi sao cho trc <1> m vo lng
bn tay v chiu t c tay cho n cc ngon tay l chiu ca trc <2>. Lc
ny, chiu ca trc <3> l chiu ca ngn tay ci vung gc vi bn tay.
Ct:
Trc 1: i t u u n u cui ca phn t.

Trc 2: Song song v cng chiu vi trc x.
Trc 3: c to ra t 2 trc <1> v <2> theo nguyn tc bn tay phi.
<1>
<3>
z
<2>
y
x
(H trc a phng ca phn t ct)

4. Cch hin th h trc a phng:
-
Kch chut vo nt
. Hp thoi Set Building View Options xut hin.
Trong Object View Options ta kch du 5 vo

Bm
kt thc.
tt hin th cc h trc a phng ta b du 5
.
.
(Hin th h trc a phng)
(Chiu dng ca lc dc P v chiu dng ca moment xon T)
(Th chu nn)
(Th chu ko)

(Moment dng v lc ct dng trong mt phng 1-2)
(Th chu ko)
(Th chu nn)
(Moment dng v lc ct dng trong mt phng 1-3)
Bi 4:
M t:
- Chiu cao ca tng di l
4m.
- Chiu cao ca cc tng trn
l 3.8m.
- Cc nhp dm u c b rng
l 4m.
- Lc phn b 2 tng trn
cng l 0.6T/m v 2 tng
di l 0.8T/m.
- Lc tp trung ti 24 dm ca
tng 1 v 2 (Hnh minh ho
di) l 0.5T.
A. Nhp d liu:
Bc 1:
(Ton-m)
Bc 2: To li.
Kch chut vo nt
sau.
Bm nt
kt thc bc to li. Lc ny, mn hnh lm vic chnh
ca ETABS c dng nh sau.
Xoay hnh 3D:

- View Set 3D View. Hp thoi Set 3D View xut hin, tip ta thay i cc
thng s nh sau.
Bc 3: Chn khung phng ti trc 1.

li.
Frame xut hin.

xut hin v nhp d liu nh sau.
Khung trc 1
Bc 4: To mng khung t khung trc 1 (Ri khung trc 1 theo phng y to thnh
cc khung trc 2, 3, 4).
-
Chn All bng cch kch chut vo nt

(tc l chn khung trc 1).
Edit Replicate. Hp thoi Replicate xut hin v nhp d liu nh sau.
* dx_Bc nhy theo phng trc x (TH ny

khng dng khai bo l 0).
* dy_ Bc nhy theo phng trc x (khai bo
4m).
* Number_S lng khung cn to (khai bo 3).
Bm nt
kt thc. Lc ca s 3D c dng nh sau.
(Cc khung trc 2, 3, 4 c to ra t khung trc 1)

Bc 5: To khung trc A t khung trc 1.
to khung trc A ta ch cn xoay khung trc 1 mt gc 900. Bi v khung trc
A c s nhp v b rng nhp ging hon ton khung trc 1.
* u tin ta cn chn khung trc 1 bng cch nh sau:
-
a vt sng qua ca s 2D.

View Set 3D View. Hp thoi Set 3D View xut hin, tip ta kch chut
vo nt
trong Fast View v thay i cc thng s trong View Direction
Angle nh sau.
Lc ny, ca s bn tri s chuyn t dng 2D sang dng 3D nhng vn th

hin nh 2D.
(th hin nh 2D nhng tht cht l dng 3D)

-
Dng 1 W chn khung trc 1 ca s bn tri.
(Chn khung trc 1)

* Tip theo xoay khung trc 1 to thnh khung trc A, bng cch nh sau:
Edit Replicate. Hp thoi Replicate xut hin. Tip ta chn trang

Radial v nhp d liu nh sau.
Trong Rotate About Point ( khai

bo tm xoay) ta chn Specify (ch
t khai bo tm). Tip , nhp to
tm quay ti cc X, Y.
Trong Increment Data ta nhp gc
quay (900) vo Angle v s khung
cn to ra Number (1).
Bm nt
kt thc. Lc
2 ca s 3D c dng nh sau.
(To khung trc A t khung trc 1)

Bc 6: To khung trc B, C, D t khung trc A.
-
Chn khung trc A bng 1W bn ca s 3D bn tri hoc bng 1W bn ca s 3D

bn phi.
Bm nt
kt thc. Lc ny, khung c to ra hon chnh.
(Khung hon chnh)

Bc 7: Lu bi ton vi tn BT04.
Lc ny, ta ch cn s dng ca s 3D bn phi nn tt ca s 3D bn tri. Nhng
khi tt ca s 3D bn tri th mn hnh lm vic chnh ca ETABS li b li, nn ta phi
lu li bi ton trc.
tt ca s 3D bn phi ta tt ETABS. Sau m li ETABS v m li file
BT04 ri tt ca s 3D bn tri. Lc ny, my khng cn bo li.
Tip , ta tt li bng cch nhn phm F7 ri kch chut vo nt
kt thc.
bm
Bc 8: Khai bo vt liu.
-
Define Material Properties. Hp thoi Define Materials xut hin nh

sau.
Trong Materials chn CONC (btng), tip chn

trong Click to:. Hp thoi Material Property Data xut hin v ta nhp cc gi
tr c trng cho vt liu nh sau.
Bm nt
2 ln kt thc khai bo vt liu.

Define Frame sections. Hp thoi Define Frame Properties xut hin.
Trong bi ny, ta cn khai bo 4 nhm tit din. Nhm 1_Ct c tit din
0,4mx0,4m (C0404); nhm 2_Ct c tit din 0,3mx0,3m (C0303); Nhm 3_Dm c
tit din 0,3mx0,4m (t3 = 0.4)(D0304); Nhm 4_Dm c tit din 0,25mx0,4m (t3 = 0.4)
(D02504).
1. Khai bo tit din cho ct C0404:
Chn
Add
Rectangular
bng
cch
bm
nt
ri
xung
trong
ca Click to: nh hnh minh hc di y.
Ngay lp tc, hp thoi Rectangular Section xut hin v ta nhp li cc gi tr

nh sau.
Trong hp thoi Rectangular Section Dimensions c 2 gi tr. Depth (t3) l

chiu cao ca tit din, Width (t2) l b rng ca tit din.
Bm nt
hon thnh vic khai bo tit din cho ct C0404.
2. Khai bo tit din cho ct C0303:

Tip tc cc bc tng t.
3. Khai bo tit din cho dm D0304:
4. Khai bo tit din cho dm D02504:
Bc 10: Gn tit din.
Gn C0404 cho cc ct tng 1 v 2.

Gn C0303 cho cc ct tng 3 v 4.
Gn D0304 cho cc dm tng 1 v 2.
Gn D02504 cho cc dm tng 3 v 4.
1. Gn C0404 cho cc ct tng 1 v 2:

-
Chn cc ct tng 1 v 2 bng 2 CW.

Assign Frame/Line Frame Section. Hp thoi Assign Frame
Properties xut hin.
Chn C0404 trong Properties ca hp thoi Assign Frame Properties ri bm

nt
kt thc.
2. Gn C0303 cho cc ct tng 3 v 4: Lm tng t nh C0404.
3. Gn D0304 cho cc dm tng 1 v 2: Lm tng t nh C0404.

* Ch : Chn cc dm tng 1 v 2 bng 2 W.
4. Gn D02504 cho cc dm tng 3 v 4: Lm tng t nh C0404.

* Ch : Chn cc dm tng 3 v 4 bng 2 W.
(Khung sau khi gn xong tit din)

Ch : tt cc k hiu tn tit din ta kch chut vo nt
. Hp thoi Set
Building View Options xut hin. Tip bm nt
tt hp thoi Set
Building View Options. Lc ny, cc k hiu tn tit din s khng c th hin.
Bc 11: Khai bo ti trng.
Define Static Load Cases. Hp thoi Define Static Load Cases Names
xut hin.
Trong ct Load ta thay DEAD bng TINHTAI, tip ta kch chut vo nt

th DEAD s c thay th bng TINHTAI. Kch chut vo LIVE
ct Load tip kch chut vo nt
xo LIVE. Ta c hp thoi
Define Static Load Cases Names nh sau.
Bm
kt thc.
Bc 12: Gn ti trng.
1. Gn lc phn b u cho cc dm tng 1 v 2 l 0,8 T/m:
-
Chn cc dm tng 1, 2 bng 2 W.

Assign Frame/Line Loads Distributed. Hp thoi Frame Distributed
Loads xut hin v ta khai bo nh sau.
Bm
kt thc.
2. Gn lc phn b u cho cc dm tng 3 v 4 l 0,6 T/m:
Lm tng t nh trn.
3. Gn cc lc tp trung cho 24 dm tng 1 v 2 l 0,5 T:

-
Chn 24 dm bng 8W.
(24 dm chn gn ti tp trung)

-
Assign Frame/Line Loads Point. Hp thoi Frame Point Loads xut

hin v ta khai bo nh sau.
* Ch : Kch chn ~
gi tr lc (Distance, Load).
trong Point Loads trc khi nhp
((Khung sau khi gn xong ti trng)

-
Dng nt
tt s th hin cc k hiu ti trng cc phn t.

hnh chnh.
Bm nt
Dng nt
kt thc.

Chn biu tng khung khng gian (Full 3D)

. Bm
kt thc.
. Tt du 5
B. Run:
(Bin dng ca khung ngay sau khi Run)

C. Xem mt vi kt qu:
(Biu Moment 3-3)
Ct s 1 tng 1
(Biu lc dc P)
(Lc dc chn ct s 1 tng 1 c gi tr bng -20.69T)
Bi 5:
Vt Liu: Btng.
Ti phn b khng u trn cc dm nh sau:

* Theo phng X cc dm A-B, B-C:
* Theo phng Y cc dm 1-2, 2-3:
* Theo phng X cc dm C-D:
* Theo phng Y cc dm 3-4:
A. Nhp d liu:
Bc 1:
(Ton-m)
Bc 2: To li.
Kch chut vo nt
sau.
Ta khai bo nh trn tc l ta chp nhn sai v chiu di 1 nhp theo phng x, 1

nhp theo phng y v sai v chiu cao tng trn cng. iu ny s c chnh sa cc
bc sau.
Bm nt
kt thc bc to li.
Xoay hnh 3D:

-
Kch chut vo ca s 3-D View (xc nh lm vic ca s ny).

View Set 3D View. Hp thoi Set 3D View xut hin, tip ta thay i
cc thng s nh sau.
Bm nt
kt thc.
Bc 3: Chn khung phng ti trc 1.

li.
Frame xut hin.

Bm nt
kt thc.
Bc 4: To mng khung t khung trc 1 (Ri khung trc 1 theo phng y to thnh
cc khung trc 2, 3, 4).
-
Chn All bng cch kch chut vo nt

(tc l chn khung trc 1).
Bm nt
kt thc.
Bc 5: Chn khung phng ti trc A.

Frame xut hin.

Hp thoi Portal Frame ta

c bn bi 2, ring Location in
Plan l cha c nhc n.
Trong Location in Plan, X v
Y l ta tm xoay ca khung ta ang
to. Trong bi ny, khung trc A ta to
ra xoay quanh tm h trc to nn c
to l (0, 0).
Theta Z_ chnh l gc quay ca
khung ang c to. Trong bi ny ta
chn Theta Z l 900.
Bm nt
kt thc.
Bc 6: To mng khung t khung trc A (Ri khung trc A theo phng x to

thnh cc khung trc B, C, D).
-
Chn khung trc A bng 1 W bn ca s 3D.

Bm nt
kt thc.
Bc 7: Hiu chnh b rng nhp X v Y.

-
Theo phng X_nhp 3: 5m 4m (X = 15 X = 14).

Theo phng Y_nhp 3: 4m 5m (Y = 12 Y = 13).
lm c iu ny ta c 2 cch :
-
Cch 1: Edit Edit Grid Data Edit Grid. Hp thoi Coordinate

Systems xut hin. Tip kch chut vo nt
trong hp
thoi Coordinate Systems. Hp thoi Define Grid Data xut hin.
Cch 2: Kch p chut vo ng li ca s 3D khi hp thoi Define

Grid Data xut hin.
Sa li cc thng s nh sau trong hp thoi Define Grid Data .
* Ch : Nh chn du 5
dn cc nt ca khung vo vi cc
nt li. Hay ni cch khc khi kch chn du 5
th khung s di
chuyn theo li khi li di chuyn.
-
Bm nt
kt thc.
Bc 8: Hiu chnh chiu cao tng.

Chiu cao tng 3 t 4m gim xung 3,8m.
Edit Edit Story Data Edit Story. Hp thoi Story Data xut hin.
Chnh sa li chiu cao ca tng 3 t 4m thnh 3.8m.
Bm nt
kt thc.
* Ch :
kim tra chiu cao tng va thay i, ta kim tra chiu cao ca ct tng 3 xem
chiu cao c bng 3.8m hay khng. kim tra, ta di chuyn chut ti mt cy ct bt
k ca tng 3 sau kch chut phi. Hp thoi Line Information xut hin th hin cc
gi tr ca phn t khung (ct tng 3) trong c chiu di.
Define Material Properties.

Trong bi ny, ta cn khai bo 4 nhm tit din. Ct C0404 tng 1 v 2; ct
C0303 tng 3; dm D0304 (t3 = 0.4) tng 1 v 2; dm D02504 tng 3.
Define Frame sections
Bc 11: Gn tit din.

-
Chn i tng cn gn.

Assign Frame/Line Frame Section
(Khung sau khi gn xong tit din)
Bc 12: Khai bo TINHTAI.

Define Static Load Cases
(Hp thoi DSLCN sau khi hon thnh khai bo tnh ti)
Bc 13: Gn ti trng.
1. Theo phng X 2 nhp A-B v B-C:
-
Chn cc dm 2 nhp A-B v B-C bng 2 CW.

Assign Frame/Line Loads Distributed
2. Theo phng X nhp C-D:
3. Theo phng Y nhp 1-2 v 2-3:

-
a vt sng qua ca s 2D, ri chuyn thnh 3D (lm nh Bc 5 bi 4).

Chn nhp 1-2 v 2-3 bng 2CW bn ca s 3D tri.
Gn ti trng phn b (khng u) nh sau.
4. Theo phng Y nhp 3-4:

-
Chn dm nhp 3-4 bng 1CW.

Gn ti trng phn b (khng u) nh sau.
(Ti c gn trn khung)

hnh chnh.
Bm nt
Dng nt
kt thc.

Chn biu tng khung khng gian (Full 3D)

. Bm
kt thc.
B. Run:
(Bin dng ca khung ngay sau khi Run)
. Tt du 5
C. Xem mt vi kt qu:
(Biu Moment 3-3)
Ct s 1 tng 1
(Biu lc dc P)
(Lc dc chn ct s 1 tng 1 c gi tr bng -9.52T)
Bi 6:
6x4m = 24m
Lc phn b u trn cc nhp ca dm

Bc 1: To li.
C 2 cch to li trong trng hp ny. Ta dng cch 2.
Cch 1
Cch 2
* Ch :
- Trong cch 1 ta to ra 6 on li theo phng x (tng ng 7 ng li) mi on
di 4m bi v ta s to 1 dm c 6 on theo cc on li nh trn. Trong cch 2 ta to
ra 1 on li theo phng x (tng ng 2 ng li) v s to mt dm di 24m nn
to c dm gm 6 on th ta phi chia u nh dm va to ra.
- Trong c 2 cch ta nhp s ng li theo phng y l mt nn khng cn quan tm
(khng cn nhp) khong cch cc ng li theo phng y, nn hnh trn s 6 l
s mc nh ca ETABS. ng thi ta nhp s tng l 1 nn ta khng quan tm chiu cao
ca tng trn ( nh mc nh l 3) m ch quan tm chiu cao tng trt_ta nhp 1m.
Bc 2:
- ng ca s 2D.
- Kch chut vo nt
nt
.
. Hp thoi Set Elevation View xut hin, chn trc 1 v bm
Bc 3: V phn t dm.
Cch 1: V nhanh
- Draw Draw Line Object Create Lines in region or at Clicks (Plan, Elev, 3d).
- Hay kch chut ngay vo nt
thay dng lnh trn.
- Cch v ny ch cn kch vo 1 im trn ng li to 1 phn t.
Cch 2:
- Draw Draw Line Object Draw Lines (Plan, Elev, 3d).
- Hay kch chut ngay vo nt
thay dng lnh trn.
- Cch v ny cn kch vo 2 im (u v cui) to 1 phn t.
kt thc lnh cho c 2 cch trn ta bm phm Esc.
Bc 4: Chia phn t mi to thnh 6 on nh nhau.
- Chn phn t dm.
- Edit Divide Line. Hp thoi Divide Selected Lines xut hin, ta nhp li cc
thng s nh sau.
6 phn on
- Bm nt
kt thc.
* Lc ny, ta thy phn t dm khng c g thay i nhng thc ra th c chia.

th hin tng phn on (phn t chia nh mi) ta cho th hin du nt ca tng phn t.
Ta lm nh sau:
- Bm nt
. Hp thoi Set Building View Options xut hin. Ta tt nt ; hng
Invisible ca hng Point Objects Object Present in View.
Bc 5: Gn iu kin bin cho cc nt.

Gn gi c nh cho nt u tin, cn li gn gi di ng cho 6 nt cn li.
tt li nhn phm F7
Bc 6: Khai bo vt liu Btng.
Bc 7: Khai bo tit din D0405.
Bc 8: Gn tit din D0405 cho tt c cc phn t.

Bc 10: Gn ti trng.
- Ti trng phn b dng hnh thang.
- Chn All.
- Assign Frame Line/Load Distributed. Hp thoi Frame Distributed Loads

xut hin v ta khai bo cc thng s nh sau.
- Bm nt
kt thc.
Bc 11: Khai bo bc t do.
(Khung phng zx)

Bc 12: Lu bi ton v RUN.
(M3-3)
(M3-3 ti v tr gia phn on dm u tin)
(S2-2)
Bi 7: MNG BNG.
8T
0.6
8T
3.6
8T
3.6
8T
3.6
0.6
0.1m x 120 = 12m
Bc 1: To li.
Bc 2:
- ng ca s 2D.
- Kch chut vo nt
nt
.
Bc 3: V phn t AB.
Bc 4: Chia AB thnh 120 on (1 on = 0.1m).
- Chn i tng AB.
- Edit Devide lines. Hp thoi Devide Selected Lines xut hin v ta thay i cc
thng s nh sau.
- Bm nt
kt thc.
* Hin th du nt.
Bc 5: Gn iu kin bin cho mng bng (cc nt).
- Chn All.
- Assign Joint/Point Restraints (Supports)
* ngha:
Cc nt trn mng bng c cc iu kin bin nh sau:
+ Khng c (nh du ;) di chuyn theo cc phng X v Y.
+ Khng c (nh du ;) xoay quanh trc X v Y.
+ Cc v tr khng nh du l cc phng v gc xoay m cc nt c dch
chuyn. Ci ny chnh l bc t do ca cc nt mng bng.
Bc 7: Khai bo vt liu btng.

Bc 8: Khai bo tit din D0405. Vi t3 = 0.5m v t2 = 0.4m
Bc 9: Gn tit din D0405 cho tt c cc phn t.
Bc 10: Gn lin kt n hi.
- Chn All.
- Assign Frame/Line Line Springs. Hp thoi Assign Spring xut hin v ta
thay i cc thng s nh sau.
Local-2
Local-3
z
Local-1
y
x
* Gii thch cc thng s trong hp thoi Assign Spring:

- Direction_Hng chng ca t, chnh l hng Local-2. Local-2 l trc a
phng ca phn t mng bng (tng t nh dm).
- Value_H s n hi ca l xo. c xc nh bi cng thc.
K = Knxb (T/m2)
+ K: H s n hi ca l xo.
+ Kn: H s nn ca t, trong bi ny Kn = 5000 (T/m3)
+ b: B rng mng (m), b = 0.4m.
Bc 12: Gn lc tp trung.
chn cc nt gn lc tp trung trong bi ny rt kh v s lng cc nt qu
nhiu. khc phc iu ny ta cho hin th s th t nt, bng cch nh sau:
- Kch chut vo nt
. Hp thoi Set Building View Option xut hin.
- Kch chn du ; hng Point Labels.
Cc s th t nt hin ra nhng li nh khng lin tc, do ta cn nh li s

th t nt. Ta lm nh sau.
Edit Auto Relabel All. Hp thoi ETABS xut hin, ta nhn
Lc ny, s th t nt c nh li lin tc. Ta chn cc nt c s th t 7,

43, 79, 115 v gn lc tp trung Pz = -8T.
Ct s t t nt vo cho d nhn v ta khng dng n n na.

Bc 13: Lu v RUN.
M3-3
Chuyn v v thng s chuyn v ti nt u tin.
S2-2
Bi 10: MNG BNG.

S dng bi s 7 lm bi s 10. Bi s 10 hon ton ging bi s 7 ch c khc
v tit din ca mng bng. Tit din mng bng trong bi 10 c dng ch I.
- M bi s 7 v lu li vi tn bi 10.
- Khai bo tit din ch I.
t2
tf
t3
tw
tfb
t2b
- Gn li tit din cho mng bng.

- Lc ny h s n hi K khng c g thay i v Kn v b khng i so vi bi 7.
- Lu v RUN.
Chuyn v v thng s chuyn v ti nt u tin.
M3-3
S2-2
Bi 8: Tnh Cc.
Mt xz
Mt xy
Bc 1: To li.
Bc 2:
- ng ca s 2D.
- Kch chut vo nt
nt
.
Bc 3: V 2 phn t AB v BC v hin th du nt.

Bc 4:
- Chia nh AB thnh 180 on.
- Chia nh BC thnh 10 on.
Bc 5: Khai bo vt liu Btng.
Bc 6: To tit din C1010 (t3 = t2 = 1m).
Bc 7: Gn tit din C1010 cho tt c cc phn t.
Cc c chia thnh 2 phn, mt phn nm trong t v mt phn trn mt t.
Ta ch gn lin kt n hi cho phn nm trong t. Cc phn t nm trong t l cc
phn t thuc tng 1nn ta chn nh sau.
- Select By Story Level. Hp thoi Select Story Level xut hin.
- Kch ch
n STORY11 v bm nt
kt thc.
Sau khi
chn xongg cc phn t
t cc nm trong
t
t, ta tip tc gnn lin kt n
hi. Ta
T lm nh sau.
s
- Assign Frame/L
Line Linee Springs
. Hp thoi Assign Sprring xut hin
v ta thay i ccc thng s ln lt nh sau.
s
L
LKH
theo phng
p
<2>
>
LKH theeo phng <3>
- Sau khi gn LKH theo phnng Local-2 v

i K = 48000 xong, ta lii chn li cc
phn t tng 1 v gn LKH
H theo ph
ng Local-3 cng vi K = 4800 (cc hnh vunng
v c b = 1m).
Local-1
Loccal-3
Locall-2
Bc 10: Gn lc tp trung ti C.
- Chn nt C.
- Assign Joint Load Force. Hp thoi Point Forces xut hin, ta khai bo cc
lc tp trung nh sau.
- Bm nt
kt thc.
Bc 11: Gn iu kin bin.

Khai bo chn cc l gi di ng
Bc 12: Bc t do.
Khung khng gian
Bc 13: Lu bi ton v RUN.
Chuyn v
M3-3
M2-2
S3-3
Chuyn v nt C
S2-2
Bi 9: Tit din ct thay i.
q = 0.5 T/m
4m
4m x 2 = 8m
Bc 1: To li.

Frame xut hin.

xut hin v ta khai bo cc thng s nh sau.
Chn xong khung phng ta cho th

hin nt.
Bc 3: Khai bo vt liu btng.

Phn t ct (3 ct) c tit din thay i t 0.1x0.1 0.2x0.2 0.3x0.3
0.4x0.4, nn to loi tit din thay i cho ct ta cn khai bo cc nhm tit din c s
trn trc, ri sau to loi tit din thay i t cc thnh phn tit din c s va khai
bo.
* To tit din thay i:

- Define Frame sections
- Start Section: Tit din bt u.

- End Section: Tit din kt thc.
- Length: Chiu di on Start Section n End Section.
- Length Type: Loi chiu di. C 2 loi, loi Absolute (tuyt i) tnh bng mt v loi
Variable c tnh theo t s. Trong bi ny ta dng loi Absolute.
- EI33 (EI22) Variation: S bin thin ca mun chng un theo trc 3-3 (2-2). S
bin thin ny c th hin qua 3 thng s.
+ Linear: S thay i theo ng bc nht.
+ Parabolic: S thay i theo ng bc hai.
+ Cubic: S thay i theo ng bc ba.
* Khai bo tit din dm D0203 (t3 = 0.3m).
Bc 5: Gn tit din.
- Gn tit din cho ct l COTTD.
- Gn tit din cho dm lad D0203.
Bc 7: Gn ti trng ln dm.
L ti trng phn b u q = 0.5T/m.
Khung phng zx.
Bc 9: Save + RUN.
MB=-1.246Tm
M3-3
* to m hnh ni, ta lm nh sau:

- Bm nt
. Hp thoi Set Building View Options xut hin.
Kch chn
Bi 11: Tit din ct thay i.
C
D
A
B
Dm AB v CD c tit din thay i t (0.3x0.5) (0.3x0.3)
Dm BC c tit din (0.25x0.3)
Lc phn b trn cc dm
Bc1: To li.
Bc 2: Tt ca s 2D v xoay hnh trong ca s 3D.

Bc 3: V 3 phn t AB, BC v CD.
Bc 4: Gn li iu kin bin cho cc nt.
- A; D l ngm.
- B; C l t do.
- Khai bo 2 tit din c s: D0305, D0303 v tit din D02503.
- Khai bo tit din thay i cho AB v CD.
(nhp tit din thay i vi tn ABDC)
Bc 7: Gn tit din.
- Dm AB v DC gn tit din tn l ABDC.
- Dm BC gn tit din tn l D02503.
Bc 9: Gn lc phn b cho cc dm.
- Gn lc phn b u q = 0.6T/m cho dm BC.
- Gn lc phn b khng u dng tam gic nh sau cho cc dm AB v CD.
(Lc phn b khng u cho dm AB v CD)
Bc 10: Bc t do.
(khung khng gian)

Bc 11: Lu v RUN.
M3-3
S2-2
Bi 12: Kt cu dn thp.
C
1m
A
0.5mx6=3m
lc tp trung ti tt c cc nt
Bc 1: To li.
Bc 2:
- ng ca s 2D.
- Kch chut vo nt
nt
.
Bc 3: V 3 phn t AB; BC; CA.

Bc 4: To mng BC v pha tri.
- Chn BC.
- Edit Replicate. Hp thoi Replicate xut hin v ta nhp cc thng s nh sau.
- Bm nt
kt thc.
S lng to mng BC l 5
0.5
0.5
Bc 5: Hin th du nt.
Bc 6: B gy tt c cc phn t ngay ti ch giao nhau.
- Chn All.
- Edit Divide Line. Hp thoi Divide Selected Lines xut hin, ta khai bo nh
sau.
- Bm nt
kt thc.
Bc 7: Xa phn t d.
Bc 8: V thm cc thanh cn thiu.
Bc 9: Ly i xng phn va v.
- Chn All.
- Edit Replicate. Hp thoi Replicate xut hin v ta m trang Mirror v khai bo
cc thng s nh sau.
(X1, Y1) v (X2, Y2) l to 2 im

to nn ng thng c ly i xng.
(X1, Y1) = (3, 0) chnh l ta im
B.
- Bm nt
Bc 10: Gn li iu kin bin.

- Nt A: gi c nh.
- Nt A: gi di ng.
Bc 11: Khai bo vt liu thp.
- Define Material Properties
kt thc.
Ghi ch:
* Cc thng s ca thp gc:
* Cc h s hp thoi Analysis Property Modification Factors:
- Cross section (axial) Area: Din tch

tit din ngang.
- Shear Area in 2 (3) direction: Din
tch k n chu ct theo phng trc <2>
, <3>.
- Torsional Constant: Hng s xon.
- Moment of Inertia about 2 (3) axis:
Moment qun tnh un quanh trc <2>,
<3>.
- Mass: Khi lng.
- Weight: Trng lng.
Bc 13: Gn tit din A012 cho tt c cc phn t.
- Chn 22 nt (tt c).
- Gn lc tp trung qz = -0.5T.
Bc 16: Bc t do.
Bc 17: Lu v RUN.
Bin dng dn.
M3-3_Trong h dn Moment b trit tiu.
Lc dc trong h dn.
* Cc ch khi tnh kt cu h dn:

- Khi khai bo vt liu ta khai bo gi tr trng lng (Weight) ca thp bng 0, v khi
khai bo tnh ti ta khai bo SW bng 0. Bi v, trng lng cc thanh trong dn c
quy thnh lc tp trung t ti mt dn ri cng dn thm vo vi ti trng ngoi t ti
cc nt (nu c).
- Cc h s hp thoi Analysis Property Modification Factors c khai bo nh trn
l b i cc thnh phn ni lc khc.
- Bc t do khi khai bo cho h dn ch c 2 bc t do, l: UX v UZ.
Bi 3: Khung 2D
Bc 1: To li.
Bc 2:
- ng ca s 2D.
- Kch chut vo nt
nt
.
Bc 4: Hiu chnh b rng nhp.

Nhp 5: t b rng 4m 5m, tng ng vi ta t X=20 X=21.
- Edit Edit Grid data Edit Grid. Hp thoi Coordinate Systems xut hin.
- Kch chut vo nt
. Hp thoi Define Grid Data xut hin.
Thay s 20
thnh s 21.
- Bm nt
kt thc. Lc ny s xy ra hin tng nh sau.
- khc phc li ny ta lm li buc 2 trn.

Bc 5: Hiu chnh chiu cao tng.
Tng 4 t 4m thnh 3.8m.
- Edit Edit Story data Edit Story. Hp thoi Story Data xut hin.
Thay s 4
thnh s 3.8
- Bm nt
kt thc.
Bc 6: Xa cc phn t d, m hnh c to nn.
Bi 15: H dm trc giao.
C
4m
6m
A
4mx6
6m
4m
Bc 1: To li.
Bc 2: Xoay hnh 3D.
Qua ca s 2D, dng nt
di chuyn xung mt c cao l 0.
Bc 3:
- V dm AB.
- Sau chia dm AB thnh 6 dm nh bng nhau (b gy dm AB).
Edit Divide Lines
- Hin th s hiu th t cc phn t dm (Line Labels). Ta thy s th t c nh cho

dm i t B2 n B7, nn ta phi nh li s th t cho dm theo trt t B1 n B6
tin ly kt qu sau ny. Edit Auto Relabel All.
Bc 4: To mng 6 dm thuc AB theo phng y vi cc thng s sau.

- Chn All.
- Edit Replicate
- Kim tra li kt qu nh s th t cho cc dm va to th khng c trt t nn ta li

nh li s th t. Sau khi nh li s th t ta c s th t dm i t tri sang phi ri t
ngoi vo trong.
Bc 5:
- V 4 dm dc thuc AC bng cch v nhanh (dng nt
).
- Hin th s hiu th t cho cc dm va v thy s th t c nh chnh xc (B31
B34).
Bc 6: To mng 4 dm dc.
- Chn 4 dm dc va v.
- To mng theo phng x vi cc thng s nh sau.
- Gn cho tt c l gi di ng.
- Gn li cho A v C l cc gi c nh.
Bc 8: Hiu chnh cc nhp 2-3 v 3-4 t 4m thnh 6m.
y=16
y=12
y=8
y=4
(Ta dm 2-3 v 3-4 theo phng y trc khi hiu chnh)

Do , hiu chnh chiu di cc on dm nhp 2-3 v 3-4 t 4m thnh 6m tat hay i
ta cc trc 2, 3, 4, 5nh sau.
- y = 8 y = 10.
- y = 12 y = 16.
- y = 16 y = 20.
- Dm ngang D02504.
- Dm dc D0304.
Bc 11: Gn tit din.
- Gn cho tt c dm l D0304.
- Chn ring dm ngang gn li D02504
Bc 13: Tt ca s 2D_ch : nh lu trc khi tt.
Bc 14: Gn ti trng.
- Chn tt c dm ngang bng cch chn dm c tit din D02504 nh sau.
+ Select By Frame Section. Hp thoi Select Sections xut hin. Ta chn D02504.
+ Bm nt
kt thc.
- Gn ti phn b nh sau.
- Chn dm dc 2 nhp 1-2, 4-5 bng 2 ng bng ( bng cch kch chut vo nt
).
- Gn ti phn b nh sau.
- Tng t chn dm dc 2 nhp 2-3, 3-4 bng 2 ng bng, v gn ti phn b nh

sau.
Bc 16: Lu v RUN.
M3-3
Dm B3
Bi 17: Khung 2D vi ti trng gi.
6tng x 3.8m
4m
4m
4m
4m
Bc 1: To li.
Bc 2:
- ng ca s 2D.
- Kch chut vo nt
nt
.
Bc 5: Khai bo tit din C0404 v D0304.
Bc 6: Gn tit din.
- Chn tt c ct gn tit din C0404.
- Chn tt c dm gn tit din D0304.
chn cc i tng Line (dm, ct) ta chn bng cch nh sau.
- Select by Line object type. Hp thoi Select Line Object Type xut hin.
- Chn cc i tng cn lm vic ri nhn nt
kt thc.
Bc 7: Khai bo 2 trng hp ti trng.
Bc 8: Gn ti trng.
* TINHTAI:
- cc dm thuc tng 1, 2, 3: gn lc phn b u qg=0.8T/m.
- cc dm thuc tng 4, 5, 6: gn lc phn b u qg=0.6T/m.
*GIO:
- Gn ti cc nt bn tri cc tng ti trng tp trung t Px = 0.5T Px = 1T.
Bc 9: Khai bo t hp.
T HP = 1xTINHTAI + 1xGI.
- Define Load Combinations. Hp thoi Define Load Combinations xut hin.
- Kch chut vo nt
hin. Ta nhp li cc thng s nh sau.
- Nhn nt
2 ln kt thc.
. Hp thoi Load Combination Data xut
khung phng zx.

Bc 11: Bc m, ch hiu vn .
- Lu v RUN bi ton.
- Xem kt qu bin dng Ux ca cc nt ti tng 6.
Nh vy, cc dm chng nhng b gi thi lm cho dch chuyn m cn b nn li.

Vy th cc sn trn cc dm cng b nn, nhng trong thc t cc sn lm vic tuyt i
cng theo phng ngang nn khng th b nn nh trn c. Do , ta cn khai bo
thm mt bc na m bo khung lm vic ng nh trong thc t.
Bc 12: Gn iu kin tng quan.

- Mi:
+ Chn cc nt thuc mi.
+ Assign Joint/Point Diaphragms. Hp thoi Assign Diaphragm xut hin.
+ Kch chut vo nt
khai bo nh sau.
+ Bm nt
. Hp thoi Diaphragm Data xut hin, ta
2 ln kt thc.
- Tng t cho cc tng cn li k tip bn di vi cc tn: 6THDIA, 5THDIA,

4THDIA, 3THDIA, 2 THDIA.
Bc 13: Lu v RUN.
Bin dng TOHOP ng vi thc t.
M3-3 ca TINHTAI.
M3-3 ca Gi.
M3-3 ca TOHOP.
Bi 16: NI LC DO LN (BIN DNG)
5mx5=25m
4mx4=16m
* Ti nt J c bin dng 3 trng hp cn xt:

- Bin dng ring bit theo phng Z mt on 0.01m i xung (ln).
- Bin dng ring bit theo phng X mt on 0.005m i qua phi.
- Bin dng ng thi theo c 2 phng Z v X vi bin dng nh 2 trng hp trn.
* Khai bo 2 TOHOP nh sau suy ngm.
- TOHOP1=TINHTAI+DISPZ+DISPX. (add)
- TOHOP2=TINHTAI+DISPZX. (add)
Vi DISP l vit tt ca Displacement (chuyn v).
Bc 1: To li.
Bc 2: Cho hnh v tr hnh chiu ng trc 1.

- ng ca s 2D.
- Kch chut vo nt
nt
.

- Ct: C0404.
- Dm: D0304
Bc 6: Gn tit din.
* Chn nhanh ct v dm bng cch vo Select by Line Object Type
Bc 7: Khai bo 4 trng hp ti trng nh sau.
* Ghi ch: Khi cng trnh b bin dng th trong cng trnh pht sinh ni lc cng nh l
cng trnh chu ti trng. Do , trng hp cng trnh b bin dng cng c xem l
mt dng ca ti trng tc dng ln cng trnh. Trong bi ny ti nt J ca cng trnh chu
ln theo phung Z v phng X v c hai phng ZX nn ta xp loi ti trng ny dng
Type l OTHER.
Bc 8: Gn ti trng.
1. Disp Z (ln ng):
- Chn nt J.
- Assign Joint/Point Loads Ground Displacement(chuyn v trong t). Hp
thoi Ground Displacements xut hin, ta khai bo nh sau.
2. Disp X: Bc lm tng t.
3. Disp ZX: Bc lm tng t.
Bc 9: Khai bo 2 trng hp t hp.

Define Load Combinations
khung phng zx (tt

Bc 11: Lu v RUN.
M3-3 ca TOHOP1 v c TOHOP2 !!????
Lc dc do bin dng theo phng Z
Bi 18:
20x0.1m=2m
trn t
trong t
100x0.1m=10m
2mx8=16
H s nn: Kn = 5000T/m3.
Bc 1: To li.

Bc 4: Xa dm tng 1 v hin th du nt.

Bc 5: Gn iu kin bin. Gn gi di ng cho tt c cc chn cc.
- i cc: D0304 (t3 = 0.4).
- Cc: C04 (d = 0.4).
Bc 8: Chia nh cc.
- Tng 1: Thnh 100 on.
- Tng2: Thnh 20 on.
- Chn cc phn t trong t (tng 1). Ch _Chn theo tng.
- Assign Frame Line Line Springs. Hp thoi Assign Spring xut hin, ta khai
bo li nh sau.
Ghi ch:
Direction: Hng chng ca t_Trong bi ny
hng chng ca t l hng Local-2 (trc 2 a
phng ca cc) c trnh by cc bi trc.
Value = 2000 = Knxd = 5000x0.4.

- Chn 9 nt nh cc trn i cc.
- Gn lc tp trung nh sau.
Bc 12: Bc t do.
khung phng zx (tt
Bc 13: Gn iu kin tng quan.

- Chn 9 nt nh cc thuc i cc.
- Assign Joint/Point Diaphragms. Hp thoi Assign Diaphragm xut hin.
- Kch chut vo nt
khai bo nh sau.
- Nhn nt
2 ln kt thc.
Bc 14: Lu v RUN.
. Hp thoi Diaphragm Data xut hin, ta
M3-3
Chuyn v tt c cc nt trn i cc l nh nhau theo phng x.
Bi 19: Khung Tin Ch.
1.6m
B
3.2m
2x5m=10m
Bc 1: To li.

Bc 3: V 4 phn t AB, BC, CD, DE v hin th du nt.
Bc 4: Khai bo iu kin bin. Chn ct l cc gi c nh.
Bc 5: Khai bo vt liu thp STEEL.

- Khai bo 2 tit din c c T024 v T044.
- Khai bo tit din thay i t 2 tit din c s trn.

Mt tit din thay i c xc nh bi 2 yu t chnh l tit din u u v
tit din u cui. Trong bi ta c 4 phn t v ta cha bit u l u u ca phn t,
u l u cui ca phn t. bit c iu ny ta cn phi th hin h trc a
phng ca tng phn t. Nhn chut vo nt
. Kch chn ; hng Line Local Axes
trong hp thoi Set Building View Options Object View Options.
Lc ny, h trc a phng xut hin ngay trn tng phn t. trc 3 (mu
) l trc ch chiu ca phn t, chiu ca trc 3 i t u u cho n u cui ca
phn t.
Nhn vo h trc a phng ta thy cn khai bo 2 nhm tit din thay i.

Nhm th nht c tit din i t T024 T044 dnh cho 2 ct, nhm th 2 c tit din
i t T044 T024 dnh cho 2 dm.
+ Nhm th 1: (T024 T044)
+ Nhm th 2: (T044 T024)
Bc 7: Gn tit din.
- Ct: T024044.
- Dm: T044024.
- Kim tra tit din bng m hnh ni.
Bc 9: Gn lc phn b u qg = 0.1T/m cho dm.
Bc 10: Khai bo TINHTAI

Bc 11: Gn thnh phn lc gii phng cho nt C.
- Chn 2 dm BC v CD.
- Assign Frame/Line Frame Releases/Partial Fixty. Hp thoi Assign Frame
Releases xut hin v ta khai bo nh sau.
* ngha khai bo hp thoi trn: bc 6 ta bit c u u v u cui ca 2

dm BC v CD. Ti im C l im u cui ca c 2 dm trn. Cho nn kh thnh
phn Moment 33 ti C (thuc c 2 dm) ta chn ; ti ct End (u cui).
Bc 12: Bc t do_Khung phng zx.
Bc 13: Lu v RUN.
M3-3 v gi tr ti u u dm 1.
S2-2.
Lc dc.
Bi 20: Dm lin tc.

Bc 1: To li.

Bc 3: V dm AB.
Bc 4: Chia AB thnh 3 on bng nhau.
Bc 5: Gn li iu kin bin. im A l gi c nh, cn li l gi di ng.
Bc 7: Khai bo tit din D0304.
Bc 8: Gn tit din.
Bc 10: Gn ti trng.
Tnh Ti_ P=4T_b tr trn ton dm.
Hot Ti 1_P=6T_b tr 2 on dm u.
Hot Ti 2_P=6T_b tr 2 on dm u v cui.
Hot Ti 3_P=6T_b tr 2 on dm gia v cui.

Bc 11: Khai bo 4 trng hp t hp ti trng.
1. Trng hp 1: TH1 = TINHTAI + HOATTAI1 (ADD).
4. Trng hp 4: THBAO = TH1 + TH2 + TH3 (ENVE).
Bc 12: Gn cho tt c mi mt phn t l 7 mt ct.

- Chn All.
- Assign Frame/Line Frame Output Station
Bc 13: Bc t do. Khung phng zx.
Biu bao moment.
Bi 21: Mng cc.
0.2mx50=10m
Cc
1mx10=10m
1mx14=14m
* Ghi ch: H trc a phng phn t Shell.

- Trc <3> vung gc vi phn t ti O c chiu l chiu tin vn nt chai khi xoay theo
chiu xoay ca phn t.
- Trc <2> song song v cng chiu vi trc y.
- Trc 1 c xc nh da vo trc <2> v <3> theo nguyn tc bn tay phi. t bn
tay phi cho trc <2> m vo lng bn tay, hng t c tay n u ngn tay l chiu
trc <3>, khi chiu trc 2 l chiu ca ngn tay ci xe thng ra.
Bc 1: To li.
Bc 2: Xoay hnh 3D.
Bc 3: V nhanh cc s 1.
- Phng ln khu vc chn cc s 1 ca s 3D.
- V nhanh cc s 1.
V tr cc s 1
Bc 4: To mng cc s 1.
1. To mng cc v pha bn phi.
2. To mng cc cc va to i vo trong (chiu trc y).

* Tt ng li bn ca s 3D d chn v d nhn.
Bc 5: Gn li iu kin bin_Chn cc cc l gi di ng.

Bc 6: V mng (Shell).
- Lm vic ca s 2D. a vt sng ln mt li c cao trnh l 10m.
- V phn t Shell qua 4 nh ABCD bng nt
).
hay nt
(v nhanh dng nt
- T y phn t shell. Kch vo nt

, hp thoi Set Building View Options xut
hin, ta chn ;
trong Special Effects. Ch _nh chn nt
.
1. Cc vung C0404.
2. Mng T03. Ta khai bo cho mng nh sau.
- Define Wall/Slab/Deck Sections. Hp thoi Define Wall/Slab/Deck Sections
xut hin. Kch vo du
ca
chn Add New Slab, hp
thoi Wall/Slab Section xut hin v ta khai bo nh sau.
- Kch
2 ln kt thc.
Bc 9: Gn tit din.
- Cc cc gn C0404.
- Gn cho mng T03, ta lm nh sau.
+ Chn phn t Shell mng (chn ca s 2D
cho d).
+ Assign Shell/Area Wall/Slab/Deck
Section. Hp thoi Assign Wall/Slab/Deck
Sections xut hin. Chn T03 Sections v
bm nt
chn.
Bc 10: Chia nh phn t Shell mng.

- Chn phn t Shell.
- Edit Mesh Areas. Hp thoi Mesh Selected Areas xut hin, ta chn v khai bo
nh sau.
- Bm nt
kt thc.
(14 on theo phng x_10 on theo phng y)
Bc 11: Chia nh cc thnh 50 on.
Bc 12: Gn lin kt n hi cho cc v mng (v cc v mng u nm trong t v

c t chng ).
1. Cho cc:
- Chn All.
- Assign Frame/Line Line Springs
2. Cho mng:
- Chn All.
- Assign Shell/Area Area Springs
Ghi ch:
+ Direction: Hng chng ca t_Ta chn
Local-3 l trc <3> a phng ca phn t
Shell. Trc <3> lun vung gc vi phn t
Shell.
+ Value: Chnh l gi tr ca h s nn
Kn=5000T/m3.

Bc 14: Gn lc tp trung trn 12 nh cc.
- Chn 12 nt theo s sau (ch chn tng nt ca s 2D_cao trnh 10m).
- Gn cc lc nh sau: Px=10T, Pz=-32T.

Bc 15: Bc t do_Khung khng gian.
Bc 16: Lu v RUN.
Bin dng mng v cc.
M3-3 ca cc.
MMAX ca phn t shell mng.
PHN TCH NG LC HC
I. H 1 bc t do:
Cho mt my chy c tm quay b lch khi trc quay hot ng trn mt dm

nh hnh minh ha trn. My c khi lng l M. Khi my chy s gy ra mt dao ng
c chiu ln xung, chnh iu ny gy pht sinh ni lc trong dm. iu ny c
m hnh ha bi 1 vt c khi lng M chuyn ng ln xung trn 1 s dm n
gin.
Dao ng ca my bin thnh dao ng ng ca dm. Dao ng ca dm t l
nghch vi cng ca dm. T tng cng ca dm, ta chuyn sang cng ca
mt l xo tng tng thay th cho dm, c m hnh ha nh sau.
Lc ny, vt M cng chuyn ng ln xung. Dao ng ln hay b ph thuc

vo cng K ca l xo. Nhng trong thc t, v mt bn cht ca mt dm lun lun c
khuynh hng chng li s dao ng trn, ngi ta gi hin tng ny l kh nng gim
chn ca dm. Do m hnh tip tc c m hnh ha cho h hot ng nh trong
thc t bi m hnh di y.
Thit b gim chn.
Ta c th tng tng hot ng ca h trn nh mt ci phuc nhn ca xe my.

Ngoi b phn l xo gim sc cn c thm b phn gim chn gim dao ng do sc.
Thng thng b phn gim chn hot ng trn nguyn tc da vo lc ma st nht ca
cht lng (nht) cha trong thit b.
ng cha nht
(phuc nhn xe my)
Lc cn khi mt vt chuyn ng trong cht lng ph thuc ch yu vo 2 yu t:

1. loi cht lng_c c trng bi h s nht C. 2. Vn tc chuyn ng ca vt th
trong cht lng. Do ta c cng thc tnh lc cn ca mt vt chuyn ng trong cht
lng (lc ma st nht) l:
Fc = C.V = C.x
Lc ko (nn) ca l xo ph thuc vo bin dng v cng K ca l xo. c
xc nh bi cng thc sau.
Flx = K.x
M hnh trn hon ton tng ng vi m hnh sau y.
k.x
Fqt = m.a = m.x
C.x
Cho h thng nh trn, vt M c trng lng m di tc dng ca lc F di

chuyn 1 on x. Lc ny, trong l xo v b phn khng chn xut hin cc lc c chiu
v ln nh hnh minh ha trn, ng thi vt M chuyn ng vi gia tc a nn xut
hin lc qun tnh (Fqt) c chiu v ln nh hnh minh ha. Cn bng lc ta c
phng trnh sau:
m.x + C.x + K.x = F
Trong trng hp F = 0. Phng trnh trn c vit li nh sau.
m.x + C.x + K.x = 0
Phng trnh ny gi l phng trnh dao ng t do c xt n gim chn.
II. H nhiu bc t do:

Xt mt khung phng sau.
F3(t)
u3
m33u3
F3(t)
C3(u3- u2)
K3(u3 -u2)
F2(t)
u2
m22u2
F2(t)
C2(u2- u1)
K2(u2 u1)
u1
F1(t)
m11u1
F1(t)
C1u1
K1u1
Tt c khi lng trn tng sn mt u quy v thnh khi lng tp trung c

th hin bi khi hcn bn phi. Nh vy cc lc tc dng vo tng sn s c th hin
tng ng nh hnh minh ha trn. Cc sn chu tc dng ca lc gi c cng thay
i theo thi gian Fi(t) lm cho cc sn chuyn v tng ng l ui. Cc sn s chuyn
ng nh m hnh vt M trn phn I, l xo v b phn gim chn y chnh l cc ct.
Cn bng lc cho cc sn ta c cc phng trnh sau:
1. PT cn bng lc ca sn 1:
m u
c u
k u
c u
k u
c u
f (1)
m u
c u
k u
k u
f (2)
m u
c u
c u
k u
k u
f (3)
Khai trin v rt gn cc phng trnh (1), (2), (3) trn ta c nh sau.

m u
m u
c u
c u
c
c u
c u
c u
k u
k u
k u
k u
k u
m u
m
0
0
c u
c u
k u
k u
Tng ng vi phng trnh ma trn sau.

0
m
0
0
0
m
u
u
u
c
0
c
c
0
c
c
u
u
u
k
k
0
k
k
k
k
Phng trnh ma trn c tm tt nh sau.

M u
C u
K u
Trong :
+ M : Ma trn khi lng.
+ C : Ma trn gim chn.
+ K : Ma trn cng.
+ f : Ma trn vec t ngoi lc.
+ u : Ma trn vec t chuyn v.
Bi 22:
4m x 8
=32m
4m x 6 =24m
(S khung)
0
k
k
u
u
u
f
f
f
Force (T)
2
3
1
-2
(Hm ti trng Gi ti nt I)
Bc 1: To li.

4 Time (s)
Bc 4: Khai bo vt liu thp STELL.
* Trong cc bi trc khi cha phn tch ng hc trong bi ton th gi tr Mass per
unit Volume (khi lng ring) ta nhp l 0. Nhng trong bi ny, khi phn tch ng
lc hc th gi tr Mass per unit Volume li cn n v t gi tr ny ta tnh ra c
thnh phn lc qun tnh tc ng ln cng trnh khi cng trnh chuyn v c gia tc.
* Ta c cng thc tnh khi lng ring cho thp nh sau.
M
W
g
7.8
9.81
0.795
(Tit din thp ch I cho ct)
(Tit din thp ch I cho dm)
Bc 6: Gn tit din.
* Ch : Chn nhanh cc thnh phn Column (ct) v Beam (dm) trong Select by
Line Object Type
Bc 7: Khai bo hm ti trng thay i theo thi gian.

Hm ti trng y chnh l hm ti trng gi th hin cng gi thay i
theo thi gian.
- Define Time History Functions. Hp thoi Define Time History Functions xut
hin.
- Trong hp thoi Define Time History Functions ta chn la nh sau.
- Ngay lc hp thoi Time History Function Definition xut hin v ta nhp cc

thng s nh sau.
* Ch : Sau khi nhp mt cp gi tr (Time, Value) ta kch chn nt

chnh ta kch chn nt
, xa ta kch chn nt
.
- Kch vo nt
2 ln kt thc.
Bc 8: Khai bo 2 trng hp ti trng nh sau.
. hiu
* Ch : VAR l vit tt ca t Variable c ngha l bin s (n), c th thay i (adj) l

tn ta t cho loi lc c cng thay i theo thi gian.
Bc 9: Gn ti nt I mt lc tp trung Px=1 vi loi ti trng l VAR.
Bc 10: Khai bo loi ti trng thay i theo thi gian.

- Define Time History Cases. Hp thoi Define Time History Cases xut hin.
- Kch chut vo nt
hp thoi Time History Case Data xut hin,
ta nhp cc thng s theo th t c nh s nh sau.
1
3
4
5
3a
3b
* Ghi ch:
+ Th t nhp thng s th 2_Linear: Th hin th ca hm s ti trng c dng
ng thng (bc nht).
+ Th t nhp thng s th 3 ta kch vo nt
hp thoi Modal Damping
xut hin.
+ Th t nhp thng s th 3a_0.02. y chnh l h s gim chn ca vt liu thp 2%.

Nu l vt liu btng th h s gim chn l 5%.
+ Th t nhp thng s th 4, ta nhp 2 gi tr.
Number of Output Time Steps (S bc thi gian tnh ton), trong bi ny ta nhp l 40
c ngha l trong 1 chu k bin thin lc (4 giy) ta s chia thnh 40 bc nh, nh vy
mi bc nh ny c thi gian mi bc l 0.1 giy. Gi tr 0.1 giy ny c nhp
phn Output Time Step Size (thi gian ca mi mt bc tnh ton).
+ Th t nhp thng s th 5 ta nhp 4 gi tr.
4 gi tr ny s kt hp vi nhau thnh 1 loi lc bin thin theo hm ti trng m ta

khai bo vi tn l FUNC1 (Funcion: hm s) bc 7. y ta ch 1 im bc 9
ta khai bo 1 lc tp trung ti I l Px = 1. Lc tp trung Px = 1 ny ta phi hiu n ch
l 1 h s (khng phi n v lc_Tn) m my tnh s mang lc ny nhn vi cc gi tr
cng lc tng ng theo thi gian trong hm ti trng, y chnh l l do ta gn lc
tp trung c ln Px = 1.
Gi s trong bi ny ta cn thay i li hm ti trng nh sau.
Force (T)
4
2s
3s
4s Time (s)
1s
-4
(Mt chu k bin thin lc)
Ta c 3 cch lm:
Sa li bc khai bo hm ti trng (bc 7).
Sa li bc 9 gi tr lc tp trung Px = 2.
Thay s 1 thnh s 2 gi tr th 3 trong bc nhp thng s th 5 l ct
Scale Factor.
- Bc t do: Khung phng XZ.

- Trong cc bi trc khi khng phn tch ng lc hc th ta tt du ; nt
. Nhng trong bi ny c phn tch ng lc hc nn ta khng tt.
- Tip kch chut vo nt
. Hp thoi Dynamic Analysis
Parameters xut hin, ta nhp vo thng s nh sau.
- Bm nt
2 ln kt thc.
Bc 12: Lu bi ton.
Bc 13: RUN v xem kt qu phn tch bi ton.
1. Kho st chuyn v ti nt I theo thi gian.
- Chn nt I.
- Display Show Time History Traces. Hp thoi Time History Display
Definition xut hin, ta lm tng bc ln lt c nh s th t nh sau.
1
2
- Kt thc bc 2 ta c hp thoi Time History Functions xut hin, ta tip tc lm theo

cc bc nh sau.
3
4
- Kt thc bc 4 ta c hp thoi Time History Point Functions xut hin, ta tip tc

lm theo cc bc nh sau.

Function Name
cha hin th.
Ch lm mt
ng tc, bm
nt
b qua.
- Kt thc bc 5 ta tr v vi hp thoi Time History Functions, ta tip tc lm theo

cc bc nh sau.
6
7
- Kt thc bc 7 ta li lm vic vi hp thoi Time History Point Functions, ta tip tc

lm theo cc bc nh sau.
Function
Name hin th
Joint1 (nt I).
Bin dng (Displace)

theo phng x (thnh
phn gi l ).
10
11
12
13
14
- Kt thc bc 14 xut hin hp thoi Time History Function Display c biu sau.
* Nhn xt: Biu chuyn v theo thi gian ca nt I (mu) c dng gn ging nh
th hm ti trng.
2. Kho st chuyn v (bin dng) ca c khung ng vi tng thi im.
- Display Show Deformed Shape. Hp thoi Deformed Shape xut hin nh sau.
!!!!! Cha c Time
- Trong Load ta chn HIST1 History. Lc , hp

thoi Deformed Shape c dng nh sau v ta nhp thi
gian kho st l 1s (trong chu k 4s).
- Nhn nt
ta c kt qu sau.
(Chuyn v ca nt I ti thi im 1s)

3. Kho st biu ni lc ca c khung ng vi tng thi im.
- Display Show Member Force/Stress Diagram Frame/Pier/Spandrel
Forces. Hp thoi Member Force Diagram for Fram xut hin nh sau.
Kho st ni lc lc
dc pht sinh do ti
trng gi thay i theo
thi gian ti thi im
1s.
(Lc dc ti ct C1)
4. Lu kt qu phn tch thnh File.
- File Print Table Analysis Output. Hp thoi Print Output Tables xut
hin, ta lm tun t cc bc nh sau.
2
1
3
4
5
6
5. c File kt qu.
Sau khi lu kt qu phn tch thnh File ta c th c File bng cc chng
trnh c vn bn. Tuy nhin c nhanh ngay ta lm nh sau. File Display Input/
Output Text Files Ngay lp tc File Text va lu c m.
(Kt qu chuyn v ti nt)
(Kt qu phn lc ti gi)
(Kt qu ni lc trong ct)
(Kt qu ni lc trong dm)

* Lu :
Trong bn kt qu trn ta thy c 2 gi tr: Max v Min. Chng ta khng c
hiu gi tr Max hay Min l gi tr ln nht hay nh nht trong phn t ang xt. Chng ta
bit rng ti trng thay i theo thi gian (GI) c th hin trong th hm ti trng
c 2 gi tr l 2T lc 1s v -2T lc 3s. Nh vy gi tr Max y ng vi lc gi thi theo
chiu + (chiu ca lc Px =1) v gi tr Min ng vi lc gi thi theo chiu - (ngc
chiu ca lc Px =1). Trong bi ny gi tr cng gi trong 1 chu k ti thi im 1s
v 3s c gi tr tuyt i l nh nhau nn ta c cc kt qu Max v Min cng bng nhau
khi xt tr tuyt i.
Gi s trong mt trng hp no m ta c cc gi tr Max v Min khng bng
nhau khi xt tr tuyt i th ta s ly kt qu tr tuyt i ln nht (d l Max hay Min)
thit k.
Bi 223: Khung kh
hng gian chhu ti trng gi c xt n
ng lcc hc.
Force (T)
(
: Func1_Gi tng 1.
: Func2_Gi tng 2.
: Func3_Gi tng 3.
2
1,5
1
0
Time (s)
(
-1
-1,5
-2
Hm ti trng gi tng 1, tng 2, tng 3.

3
3 x 3m
= 9m
3 x 4m
4 = 12m
3 x 4m
= 12m
Bc 1: To li.
Bc 2: Xoay hnh 3D.
Bc 3: Chn khung phng cho trc 1.
Bc 4: To mng khung trc 1.

- Chn All.
Bc 5: Chn khung trc A.
Bc 6: To mng khung trc A.

- Chn khung trc A.
Bc 7: Khai bo vt liu thp STELL.
Bc 9: Gn tit din.
Bc 10: Khai bo 3 hm ti trng (gi) thay i theo thi gian.
- Define Time History Functions. Hp thoi Define Time History Functions xut
hin.
- Trong hp thoi Define Time History Functions ta chn la nh sau.
- Ngay lc hp thoi Time History Function Definition xut hin v ta nhp cc

thng s nh sau.
- Tng t ta khai bo cho 2 hm cn li.
Bc 12:
- Gn cho 4 nt tng 1_ 4 lc tp trung Px = 1 vi trng hp ti trng VAR1.
Bc 13: Khai bo 3 loi ti trng thay i theo thi gian.

- Define Time History Cases. Hp thoi Define Time History Cases xut hin.
- Kch chut vo nt
ta nhp cc thng s nh sau.
hp thoi Time History Case Data xut hin,
Bc 14: Khai bo t hp ti trng.

TH = HIST1 + HIST2 + HIST3 (ADD).
Bc 15: Khai bo bc t do_khung khng gian.
Bc 16: Lu v RUN.
(M3-3 ca TOHOP).
(Lc dc ca TOHOP).
(Lc dc ca HIST3 History ti thi im 1 giy).
(Lc dc ca HIST3 History ti thi im 3 giy).
Bi 24: Dn.
D
2m
A
1m x 4 = 4m
Bc 1: To li.
Bc 2: V 3 phn t AB; BC; CA.

Bc 3: To mng BC.
Bc 4: B gy tt c phn t.
- Chn All.
B gy phn t
xong nh hin th
nt xem s b
gy.
Bc 5: Xa cc phn t d.
(Kt qu khi kt thc bc 5)

Bc 6: V thm 3 thanh nh sau.
Bc 7: Chia i 7 phn t.
Bc 8: V thm 7 phn t nh sau.
Bc 9: Ly i xng.
- Chn All.
Bc 11: Khai bo vt liu STELL. Ch _Khng nhp gi tr W.
Bc 12: Khai bo tit din thp gc i.

1. Nhm 1: DA01 (Double Angle 01)
2. Nhm 2: DA02.
Bc 13: Gn tit din.

- Nhm 1_DA01: Gn cho cc phn t AD; CD; AC.
- Nhm 2_DA02: Gn cho cc phn t cn li.
* Cch lm:
- Gn tt c l nhm 2.
- Sau , chn ring cc phn t AD; CD; AC gn cho nhm 1.
* Ch : Gi tr Self
Weight Multiplier ca
trng hp TINHTAI gn
bng 0, v y l h dn.
Bc 15: Gn ti trng nh hnh v sau.

1. Tnh ti:
2. Hot ti dn tri:
3. Hot ti dn phi:
4. Hot ti ton dn:
Bc 16: Khai bo 4 trng hp t hp ti trng.

1. TOHOP1 = TINHTAI + Hot ti dn tri. (ADD)
2. TOHOP2 = TINHTAI + Hot ti dn phi. (ADD)
3. TOHOP3 = TINHTAI + Hot ti ton dn. (ADD)
4. TOHOPBAO = TOHOP1 + TOHOP2 + TOHOP3. (ENVE)
Bc 17: Khai bo bc t do cho dn.
Bc 18: Lu v RUN.
Ngay lp tc c m hnh bin dng do tnh ti gy ra.
(M3-3 b trit tiu)
(Lc dc trong cc thanh dn vi T hp bao)
(Gi tr lc dc trong cc thanh dn vi T hp bao)
(Phn lc ti gi vi T hp bao)

ETABS - MR Tran Quang Hien

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ETABS - MR Tran Quang Hien

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HNG DN TNH TON KT CU

GVHD: ThS. Trn Quang Hin.

(Mn hnh lm vic chnh ca ETABS)

gc di bn phi ca mn hnh lm vic chnh ca ETABS.

- Number of Stories: S tng.

Trong bi s 1 ny, ta cn to mt h thng li c dng nh sau.

Ta nhp cc thng s nh sau.

, mn hnh chnh ETABS xut hin m hnh li nh

ca s 3D ta tin hnh xoay hnh c c gc nhn r hn. Ta tin hnh thao

(Hp thoi Set 3D View lc u)

(Thay i cc thng s gc nhn)

Lc ny, ta c mn hnh lm vic chnh nh sau.

Cch di chuyn cc mt li:

Ta c th di chuyn cc mt li bng cch kch chut vo cc cp nt

Mt li hnh chiu ng:

Trong Elevations ca hp thoi Set Elevation View, ta chn 1 th hin mt

Tip , ta chn s tng

gc di bn phi ca mn hnh lm vic chnh ca ETABS.

y l m hnh li 2D (x, z) nn ta c s ng li theo phng trc y ch c

Trong trng hp ny, ta c th lm

kt thc. Ca s 3D c dng nh sau.

Bc 3: Chn khung phng.

Kch chut vo nt 2D Frame

Gii thiu v hp thoi Portal Frame.

Number of Stories: S tng.

Restraints at Bottom: L khai bo (gn) iu kin bin cho cc nt chn ct.

None: Khng gn iu kin bin.

Trong bi ny ta gn iu kin bin l ngm cho cc nt chn ct, nhng ta s

kt thc. Lc ny, hp thoi Properties of Object xut hin, ta

Lc ny, du nhc con chut c dng mi tn en hng ln . Ta bm nt Esc

Khi gn khung ln h li xong, th ta ch c s thay i mu sc mn hnh

Chn trc 1 Elevations

kt thc. Lc ny, cc nt chn ct xut hin cc biu

Bc 6: Khai bo cc c trng vt liu.

Trong Materials chn CONC (btng), tip chn

Phn tch hp thoi Material Property Data:

Gi tr Khi lng ring ca btng (Mass per unit Volume) ta nhp l 0. iu

Trong qu trnh nhp cc gi tr trong Analysis Property Data ta thy gi tr

hai ln kt thc bc khai bo vt liu.

Bc 7: Khai bo tit din.

1. Khai bo tit din cho ct:

ca Click to: nh hnh minh hc di y.

Ngay lp tc, hp thoi Rectangular Section xut hin v ta nhp li cc gi tr

Trong hp thoi Rectangular Section Dimensions c 2 gi tr. Depth (t3) l

2. Khai bo tit din cho dm:

Bc 8: Gn tit din va khai bo cho cc phn t.

- Chn C0404 trong Properties ca hp thoi Assign Frame Properties ri bm nt

2. Gn tit din cho dm:

tt cc k hiu tn tit din ta kch chut vo nt

Trong ct Load ta thay DEAD bng TINHTAI, tip ta kch chut vo nt

Lc phn b (Distributed Load) c 2 dng, dng phn b u (Uniform Load) v

b. Gn lc phn b cho dm tng 4, 5.

tt cc k hiu lc phn b ta kch chut vo nt

Bc 10: Gn s mt ct cho tt c cc phn t.

Bc 11: Phn tch bc t do.

v xo du 5 phn phn tch ng hc (Dynamic

3. Xem phn lc chn ct:

(gi tr phn lc di chn ct)

Trong Load ta chn ni lc do TINHTAI

(Biu ni lc Moment 3-3)

Phn tch hp thoi Diagram for Beam B1 at Strory STORY1 (D0304):

Shears (Biu lc ct_trong TH ny l lc ct theo phng 2-2)

Moments (Biu moment_trong TH ny l moment 3-3)