CHUYN 1: CC DNG BI TP AXIT GII THEO

CNG THC
A. CC DNG TON V CNG THC GII
1.DNG 1: Tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl gii
phng kh H2
mMui clorua = mKL + 71. nH 2
Cu 1: Cho 10 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c
22,4 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c .
Hng dn gii.

mMui clorua = mKL + 71 nH 2 = 10 + 71. 1 = 81 gam

Cu 2: Cho 1,75 gam hn hp kim lai Fe, Al, Zn tan han ton trong dung dch HCl, thu c
1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch khi lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 5,5 gam

B. 3,525 gam.

C. 5,12 gam.

D. 5,3

gam.
2.DNG 2: Tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4
long gii phng kh H2.

mMui sunfat = mKL + 96. nH 2

Cu 3: Cho 10 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu
c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c .
Hng dn gii.

mMui Sunfat = mKL + 96. nH 2 = 10 + 96. 0,1 = 29,6 gam

Cu 4: (H-KA-2007). Ho tan hon ton 3,22g hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Al bng lng va

dd H2SO4 long thu c 1,344 lit kh (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,52

B. 10,27

C. 8,98

D. 7.25

3.DNG 3: Tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4
long

to mui sunfat v H2O.

PTP:

M2On + nH2SO4 long M2(SO4)n + nH2O

mMui sunfat = mOxit + 80 n H 2 SO 4

Cu 5 :(H-KA-2007). Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong
500 ml axit H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c
cn dung dch c khi lng l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Mg = 24, S = 32, Fe = 56, Zn = 65)

A. 6,81 gam.

B. 4,81 gam.

C. 3,81 gam.

D. 5,81

gam.
Cu 6: Cho 25 gam hn hp bt gm 5 oxit kim loi ZnO, FeO, Fe3O4, MgO, Fe2O3 tc dng
va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Kt thc phn ng, khi lng mui c trong dung dch X
l
A. 36g.

B. 38 .

C. 39,6 g.

D. 39,2g.

4.DNG 4: Tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl
to mui clorua v H2O.

PTP:

M2On + 2nHCl MCln + nH2O

mMui clorua =mOxit + 27,5 n HCl = mOxit + 55 n H 2 O

Cu 7: Cho 4,291 gam hn hp A gm Fe3O4 , Al2O3 v CuO tc dng va vi 179 ml dung
dch HCl 1M. C cn dung dch thu c khi lng mui khan l
A. 9,1415 gam

B. 9,2135 gam

C. 9,5125 gam

D. 9,3545

gam
Cu 8: Cho 50 gam hn hp 5 oxit kim loi gm ZnO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 , MgO tc dng ht vi
200 ml dung dch HCl 4 M (va ) thu c dung dch X. Lng mui c trong dung dch X
bng:
A. 79,2 gam

B. 78,4 gam

C. 72 gam

D. 94 gam

5.DNG 5: Tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho mui cacbonat tc dng vi dung dch HCl
gii phng kh CO2 v H2O.

PTP:

M2(CO3)n + 2nHCl 2MCln + nCO2 + nH2O

mMui clorua = mMui cacbonat + 11. n CO 2

Cu 9: Ho tan 8,18g hn hp 2 mui Na2CO3 v CaCO3 bng dung dch HCl d thu c dung
dch X v 1,792 lt kh ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 7,95g

B. 9,06g

C. 10,17g

D. 10,23g

Cu 10: Ho tan hon ton 7,02g hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 vo dung dch HCl thy thot ra V
lt kh ( ktc). Dung dch thu c em c cn c 7,845g mui khan. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1,344 lt

B. 1,232 lt

C. 1,680 lt

D. 1,568 lt

6.DNG 6: Tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c
to sn phm kh ( SO2 , S, H2S ) v H2O
M + H2SO4 c M2(SO4)n + sn phm kh (SO2, S, H2S ) + H2O

mMui sunft = mKL +

96
.( 2nSO 2 + 6 nS + 8nH 2 S ) = mKL +96.( nSO 2 + 3 nS + 4nH 2 S )
2

* Lu : - Sn phm kh no khng c th b qua

- n H 2 SO 4 = 2nSO 2 + 4 nS + 5nH 2
Cu 11: Ho tan ht 16,3g hn hp kim loi gm Fe, Al, Mg trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng
thu c 0,55mol SO2. C cn dd sau phn ng, khi lng cht rn khan thu c l :
A. 69,1g

B. 96,1g

C. 61,9g

D. 91,6g

Cu 12: Cho 11,9 gam hn hp Al v Zn tc dng va vi dung dch H 2SO4 c , nng thu
c 3,92 lt hn hp hai kh H2S v SO2 c t khi i vi H2 l 23,429 . Tnh khi lng mui
thu c sau khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng .
A. 57,5 g

B. 49,5g

C. 43,5g

D. 46,9 g

7.DNG 7: Tnh khi lng mui nitrat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 gii
phng kh : NO2 ,NO,N2O, N2 ,NH4NO3
M + HNO3 M(NO3)n + sn phm kh (NO2 ,NO,N2O, N2 ,NH4NO3 ) + H2O
mMui Nitrat = mKL + 62( n NO 2 + 3nNO + 8nN 2 O +10n N 2 +8n NH 4 NO 3 ) +80n NH 4 NO 3 )
* Lu : - Sn phm kh no khng c th b qua
- n HNO 3 = 2nNO 2 + 4 nNO + 10nN 2 O +12nN 2 + 10nNH 4 NO 3
Cu 13: Ha tan hon ton 3,58 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe,Cu bng dd HNO3 thu c hh
sn phm gm 0,04 mol NO v 0,06 mol NO2. Khi lng mui c trong dd sau P (khng cha
mui amoni) l
A. 16,58 g

B. 15,32 g

C. 14,74g

D. 18,22g

Cu 14: Cho 21 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Fe, Cu , Al tc dng hon ton vi lng d dd
HNO3 thu c 5,376 lt hn hp hai kh NO , NO2 c t khi so vi H2 l 17 . Tnh khi lng
mui thu c sau phn ng .
A. 38,2 g

B. 38,2g

C. 48,2 g

D. 58,2 g

Cu 15: Cu 36. Ha tan 1 hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B trong axit HNO3 long. Kt thc
phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y c 0,1 mol NO ; 0,15 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol N2O. Bit rng
khng c phn ng to mui NH4NO3. S mol HNO3 phn ng :

A. 0,75 mol

B. 0,9 mol

C. 1,2 mol

D.

1,05

mol
Cu 16: Cho 1,35gam hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO 3 d c 1,12lit NO v
NO2 c khi lng trung bnh l 42,8. Bit th tch kh o ktc. Tng khi lng mui nitrat
sinh ra l:
A. 9,65g

B. 7,28g

C. 4,24g

D. 5,69g

Cu 17: (H-KB-2011). Hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Thnh phn % khi

lng ca nit trong X l 11,864%. C th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp ba kim
loi t 14,16 gam X?
A. 7,68 gam.

B. 10,56 gam.

C. 3,36 gam.

D. 6,72

gam.
Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 2,16g Mg bng dung dch HNO3 d, thy thot ra 0,896 lt kh NO
(ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan l
A. 6,52 gam.

B. 8,88 gam.

C. 13,32 gam.

D.

13,92

gam.
Cu 19:(H-KA-2009). Ha tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu
c dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn
hp kh Y so vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 97,98.

B. 106,38.

C. 38,34.

D.

34,08
8.DNG 8: Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ha tan ht hn hp st v cc oxt st
bng HNO3 d gii phng kh NO v NO2 .
mMui =

242
( mhn hp + 24. nNO + 8. nNO 2 )
80

Cu 20: Ha tan ht 7 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong HNO3 d thu c
1,792 lt
(ktc ) kh X gm NO v NO2 v m gam mui . Bit dX/H 2 = 19. Tnh m ?
Hng dn gii.
mMui =

Ta c : nNO = nNO 2 = 0,04 mol

242
242
( mhn hp + 24 nNO + 8 nNO 2 ) =
( 7+ 24.0,04 + 8.0,04 )= 25,047 gam
80
80

Cu 21.(H-KA-2008). Ha tan ht 11,36 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong dung
dch HNO3 long d thu c m gam mui v 1,344 lt kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht
. Tm m ?.
A. 35,50g

B. 34,36g

C. 49,09g

D.

38,72g
9.DNG 9: Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ha tan ht hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4
bng H2SO4 c, nng, d gii phng kh SO2 .
mMui =

400
( mhn hp + 16.nSO 2 )
160

Cu 22: Ha tan ht 30 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c nng, d
thu c 11,2 lt kh SO2 (ktc ). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam mui
khan.
Hng dn gii.

mMui =

400
400
( mhn hp + 16.nSO 2 ) =
( 30 + 16.0,5 ) = 95 gam
160
160

Cu 23: (H-KB-2009). Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c,
nng thu c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung
dch X, thu c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 52,2.

B. 48,4.

C. 54,0.

D. 58,0.

Cu 24: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2 O3 vo lng d dung dch axit

H2 SO4 c nng ta thu c 8,96 lt kh SO2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch
X thu c 120 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 41,6 gam

B. 46,1 gam

C. 64,1 gam

D. 61,4

gam
10 .DNG 10: Tnh khi lng Fe hoc hn hp cht rn trong bi ton kinh in v Fe
H 2 SO4 ac , HNO3
O2
Fe (m gam)

cht ran X (m1 )

Fe3+ + sn phm kh (SO2, S, NO,

NO...)
Ta c
hay

mFe ban u = 0,7.m cht rn + 5,6.nelectron sn phm kh nhn

m = 0,7.m1 + 5,6.nelectron sn phm kh nhn

Cu 25.(H-KB-2007). Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi , thu c 3g hn hp cht rn X . Ha tan

ht hh X Trong dd HNO3 d th thu c 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO ( l sn phm duy nht ) . Gi tr m
l :

A. 2,22

B. 2,32

C. 2,42

D. 2,52

B. BI TP LUYN TP
Cu 1. Ho tan hon ton 1,45g hn hp 3 kim loi Zn, Mg, Fe vo dung dch HCl d thu c
0,896 lit H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch ta c m (g) mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,29 g

B. 2,87 g

C. 3,19 g

D. 3,87 g

Cu 2: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng HNO3 c nng thu c

4,48 lt kh NO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui khan gi tr
ca m l
A. 35,7 gam.

B. 46,4 gam.

C. 15,8 gam.

D. 77,7 gam.

Cu 3. Cho 230 gam hn hp ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl thy
thot ra 0,896 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c
l:
A. 228,22 gam

B. 230,44 gam

C. 217,44 gam

D. 219,22 gam

Cu 4. Cho 19 gam hn hp Mg, Al, Fe tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H2 SO4 c, nng d
thu c V lt kh SO2 (ktc) v 86,2 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 15,68

B. 16,8

C. 17,92

D. 20,16

Cu 5: (C-2011). Ho tan hon ton 13,00 gam Zn trong dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c
dung dch X v 0,448 lt kh N2 (ktc). Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l
A. 18,90 gam.

B. 37,80 gam.

C. 28,35 gam.

D. 39,80

gam.
Cu 6 : t chy mg Fe trong O2 sau 1 thi gian thy c 6,72 lt kh O2 phn ng (ktc)v thu
c 4 cht rn . Ho tan 4 cht rn ny trong HNO3 d th thu c 4,48 lt kh NO (ktc). Ga
tr ca m l :
A. 22,4 g

B. 11,2 g

C. 3,36g

D. 33,6g

Cu 7. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d
thu c 1,344lit kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ha tan ti
a 12,88 gam Fe. S mol HNO3 trong dung dch u l
A. 1,04

B. 0,64

C. 0,94

D. 0,88

Cu 8. Cho 13,24 gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu, Mg tc dng vi oxi d thu c 20,12 gam hn hp 3
oxit. Nu cho 13,24 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch Y v sn phm
kh duy nht l NO. C cn dung dch Y thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 64,33

B. 66,56

C. 80,22

D. 82,85

Cu 9. Ha tan ht 2,06 gam hh 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu bng dd HNO3 thu c 0,896 lt NO (ktc). Khi
lng mui c trong dung dch sau P (khng cha mui amoni) l
A. 9,5g

B. 7,44 g

C. 7,02 g

D. 4,54

Cu 10. Cho 8,2 g hn hp gm Mg, Cu, Zn vo dd HCl d, thy thot ra 3,136 lt kh (ktc). C cn hn
hp sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Ga tr ca m l
A. 13,17

B. 18,14

C. 13,31

D. 21,64

Cu 11. Ho tan hon ton 7,4g hn hp gm Fe v Cu vo lng d dung dch hn hp HNO3 v H2SO4
c nng. Sau phn ng thu c 5,04 lt NO2 (ktc) v 1,12 lt SO2 (ktc). Khi lng Cu trong hn hp
ban u l:
A. 3,2
D. 5,0

B. 4,6

C. 4,23