Professional Documents
Culture Documents
T VN
Tng huyt p l bnh ca cc nc ang pht trin, theo bo co ca
t chc y t th gii (nm 1999) t l t vong tng huyt p chim khong 20
- 50% t l t vong chung ca cc bnh tim mch, m t l t vong do bnh
tim mch li ng hng u trn th gii (gn 50% cc nc cng nghip
pht trin). V vy ngi ta gi tng huyt p l k git ngi thm lng.
Trong th gii hin i vi xu hng bnh ng nam n, vai tr ca
ngi ph n ngy cng c nng cao, ngi ph n ngy nay gi vai tr
quan trng trong cc lnh vc kinh t, chnh tr, x hi v h c quan tm
nhiu hn trong cc mt ca i sng x hi. C th, chin lc dn s Vit
Nam n nm 2010 bn v vn chm sc sc khe tui mn kinh l
mt trong nhng ni dung quan trng[19], trong vn lin quan n sc
khe ca ngi ph n cng thng gp trong thi k ny nh bnh tim
mch, cao huyt p
Qua kt qu nghin cu ca Phm Th Minh c v cng s (nm
2004) cho thy tng huyt p ca ph n tui mn kinh cao hn hn ph n
tui sinh sn, t l tng huyt p ph n tui mn kinh Vit Nam l
17,4% v tng r rt theo s nm mn kinh[3].
Ti x Thnh Tn theo s liu thng k bo co ca trm y t x bnh
tng huyt p trong nm qua l mt trong nhng bnh c t l mc v t vong
cao, t l t vong do bnh THA chim 65% [13]. T s liu ny cho thy t l
bnh tng huyt kh cao, trong t l tng huyt p ph n tui mn kinh
t trc n nay cha c nghin cu. Chnh v l m vn tng huyt
p tui mn kinh cn c quan tm. Do ti tin hnh kho st tnh hnh
tng huyt p ph n tui mn kinh trong cng ng x Thnh tn, huyn
thnh Tr, tnh sc Trng nm 2013. Vi cc mc tiu c th sau:
1. Xac inh ti l tng huyt ap ph n mn kinh x Thnh Tn,
Huyn Thnh Tri, Tinh Sc Trng nm 2013.
2. Tm mt s yu t lin quan n tng huyt ap ph n mn kinh x
Thnh Tn, Huyn Thnh Tri, Tinh Sc Trng nm 2013.
Chng 1
TNG QUAN TI LIU
1.1 Tnh hnh tng huyt p tui mn kinh:
1.1.1 Khi nim mn kinh:
nh ngha mn kinh: Mn kinh l tnh trng thi hnh kinh vnh
vin, mt v kinh th pht do suy gim t nhin hot ng ca bung
trng v khng hi phc [7]
Tui mn kinh: Quanh tui t 45-55, mn kinh trc 40 tui c
gi l mn kinh sm, mn kinh sau 55 tui c gi l mn kinh mun
- Hin tng mn kinh: L tnh trng v kinh ngi ph n t
nht trong 12 thng
- Thi k mn kinh: khong thi gian tnh t hin tng mn kinh
cho n ht cuc i .
1.1.2 Tng huyt p tui mn kinh:
Theo JNC VI, mn kinh l mt trong nhng yu t nguy c tim
mch, s thiu ht estrogen lm cho ph n la tui ny d b tng
huyt p. Theo Lng ch Thnh, ph n tui 50 -54 c ch s huyt
p cao hn nam gii cng la tui, ng thi c chnh lch kh ln.
Tc gi cho rng c th y l la tui lin quan n s mn kinh trong
c phn ng ca h vn mch dn n tng huyt p. Ph n mn kinh do
c s phi hp gia thiu ht estrogen v tui th lm cho huyt p tm
thu v tm trng u tng[2],[14].
1.1.2.1 Tnh hnh tng huyt p ph n mn kinh trn th gii :
Trn th gii, ti cc quc gia v ang pht trin, t l ngi ln tui
ngy cng cao. T chc y t th gii (WHO) c tnh n nm 2030 s c
HATT (mmHg)
HA TTr (mmHg)
Bnh thng
<120
<80
Tin tng HA
120-139
80-89
Tng HA I
140-159
90-99
Tng HA II
160
100
ghi nhn nng cholesterol trong lipoprotein t trng thp c lin quan vi
ri lon chc nng ni mc nhng ngi tng huyt p nguy c cao.
- Long xng
S mt xng sinh l thi k mn kinh
Qu trnh ti to xng xy ra ngi ln vi tc 2-10% xng
hng nm. y l qu trnh xng c i mi, sa cha nhng khng thay
i kch thc vi biu hin to xng bng tiu xng v sau tiu xng
mnh hn to xng lng cht khong trong xng t 90% tui 18 v
n nh tui 30, sau khi t n gi tr ti a lc trng thnh, khi xng
gim dn theo tui. Nh vy, mt xng l hin tng sinh l bnh thng
ca c th. Riggs[1] chia s thay i khi lng xng trong qu trnh
hnh thnh c th lm ba giai on
- Giai on 1: Khi lng xng tng dn t gi tr ti a
- Giai on 2: Mt xng chm ph thuc vo tui , bt u sau 40 tui
vi cc xng to, cc xng sp c l sm hn 5-10 nm
- Giai on 3: Mt xng nhanh ch xut hin ph n mn kinh s
mt xng sinh l r rng xy ra c nam v n gii khi qu 50 tui, tuy
nhin ph n mt xng vi tc nhanh hn. Qu trnh tiu xng tt c
ph n mn kinh l iu khng trnh khi v lng ostrogen thp c xem
l th phm lm tng tc mt xng thi k ny [1],[10].
- t hot ng th lc:
Hot ng th lc l yu t quan trng trong vic duy tr sc khe
ngi cao tui. Vic lun hot ng th lc lm tng nng HDL trong
huyt tng, c tc dng chng x va ng mch. Hot ng th lc l mt
trong nhng bin php c tc dng lm gim huyt p v hiu qu s tng cao
khi kt hp vi gim cn nng. Qua thay i li sng, luyn tp c th gim
nhu cu can thip bng thuc v ni khoa. Ngi b tng HA nn tp th dc
mc va phi, ty thuc vo tnh trng bnh v nn tp luyn t nht 3 ln
trong mt tun, mi ln tp ko di t nht 30 pht [11].
Chng 2
I TNG V PHNG PHAP NGHIN CU
2.1. i tng nghin cu
Ph n tui mn kinh ang c tr ti x Thnh Tn, huyn Thnh Tr,
tnh Sc Trng.
2.1.1. Tiu chun chn vo
- C h khu thng tr ti x t 1 nm tr ln
- Tui t 45 n 55 tui
- ng tham gia nghin cu
2.1.2. Tiu chun loi tr
- Bnh nhn ang nm vin
- Bnh nhn vng mt trong thi im nghin cu
- Bnh nhn khng c kh nng giao tip (Ri lon tm thn)
- Bnh nhn b tt mt 02 cnh tay
2.2. Thi gian v a im nghin cu:
Nghin cu c tin hnh t thng 4/2013 n 9/2013 ti x Thnh
Tn, huyn Thnh, Tr tnh Sc Trng.
2.3. Phng php nghin cu
2.3.1. Thit k nghin cu
Phng php nghin cu m t ct ngang c phn tch.
2.3.2. C mu
C mu c chn thun li ngu nhin l 210 ngi (Chn ngu
nhiu 30 ngi /p x 7 p = 210 ngi).
phng sai st mu, d phng thm 10% b cuc l 21 ngi
Vy mu nghin cu lm trn l 230 ngi
2.3.3. Phng php chn mu: Chn mu thun li ngu nhin theo
tng p.
+ Bc 1: Lp danh sch tt c ngi ph n tui mn kinh ca 07 p
thuc x Thnh Tn huyn Thnh Tr tnh Sc Trng.
10
11
12
+ n bo
C n bo: Hng ngy thch n nhiu du m, cht bo.
Khng n bo: Hng ngy t n nhiu du m, cht bo.
-Hot ng th lc: c qui c: i b, tp th dc, hoc vn ng c
th, lm vic nh. nh gi bng 3 ch s l: Hot ng th lc u n - Hot
ng th lc khng u n- Khng Hot ng th lc.
+Hot ng th lc u n: khi i b, tp th dc, 30 pht/ln/ngy,
t nht 3 ngy / tun hoc vn ng c th, lm vic nh mi ngy.
+Hot ng th lc khng u n: i b, tp th dc, t hn 30
pht/ln/ngy, di 3 ngy/tun hoc c vn ng c th, lm vic nh nhng
khng thng xuyn.
+ Khng hot ng th lc: khng i b, tp th dc, hoc khng hay
rt t vn ng c th, lm vic nh.
- Th trng bo ph: nh gi da trn BMI theo tiu chun p dng
cho ngi trng thnh Chu [18] .
Qui c: BMI < 18,5: Gy
18,5 BMI<23: Bnh thng
23 BMI <25: Nguy c bo ph
25 BMI < 30: Bo ph I
BMI 30: Bo ph II
2.3.5. Phng php thu thp s liu:
Lin h Trm y t x thu thp danh sch ngi cao tui 60 tui tr
ln qun l ti Trm.
2.3.5.1. Cch thu th p s li u
13
14
15
Ni dung
Bc 1
Bc 2
Bc 3
Bc 4
16
Sai s do thu thp thng tin: Khc phc tp hun iu tra vin, gii
thch tng vn c th, iu tra th 20 i tng rt kinh nghim trc
khi iu tra chnh thc, cc thng tin thu thp c kim tra li sau khi kt
thc mi thng tin.
Sai s do i tng b cuc, khng c mt ti a phng: Khc phc
gii thch r ni dung, cc yu cu nghin cu, vn ng i tng tham gia.
Sai s do thit k b cu hi: Khc phc cu hi thit k ng mc
tiu, r rng, ngn, d hiu, d hi, d tr li, cu hi c sp xp theo
trnh t logic.
2.3.8. X l v phn tch s liu[6]
- X l s liu bng phn mm SPSS 16.0
2.4. o c trong nghin cu
Tt c cc i tng nghin cu s c gii thch c th v mc ch,
ni dung ca nghin cu t nguyn tham gia v hp tc tt trong qu trnh
nghin cu. Cc i tng c quyn t chi tham gia nghin cu hoc c th
chm dt nghin cu trong bt c giai on no ca nghin cu.
- Mi thng tin ca i tng u c gi b mt v ch s dng cho
mc ch nghin cu. Tt c cc thng tin ch c ngi nghin cu mi c
php tip cn.
- Khi pht hin i tng nghin cu b bnh, ngi nghin cu s t
vn sc kho cho i tng nghin cu, c th iu tr trc tip hoc gii
thiu n c s y t ph hp.
Chng 3
KT QU NGHIN CU
17
T l (%)
80
35,6
Khng
145
64,4
Cng
225
100,0
Nhn xt:
Kho st 225 ph n tui mn kinh, ti x Thnh Tn, huyn ThnhTr,
Tnh Sc Trng:
- C 80 ngi tng huyt p, chim t l 35,6%.
- C 145 ngi khng tng huyt p, chim 64,4%.
3.1.2. Phn loi tng huyt p
18
Biu 3.3: Phn loi tng huyt p theo JNC VII.
Nhn xt:
Kho st tng huyt p theo JNC VII trong 225 ngi tng huyt p c
48 ngi THA giai on 1 chim t l 21,3%; c 32 ngi THA giai on 2,
chim t l 14,2%.
3.1.3. T l tng huyt p
Bng 3.9. T l tng huyt p theo tui
Tng huyt p
Tui
45 - < 50
n
23
%
28,8%
50 - 55
57
71,2
Tng
80
100%
Nhn xt:
- T l tng huyt p la tui 50 55 chim t l cao 71,2%
- La tui 45 - < 50 t l tng huyt p chim 28,8%
Tng huyt p
Kinh
n
39
%
48,75
Khmr
41
51,25
Tng
80
100%
Nhn xt:
- T l tng huyt p dn tc kinh chim t l 48,75%
19
n
41
%
51,25
Bun bn
Cn b
02
05
2,50
6,25
Ni tr
32
40,00
80
100
Tng
Nhn xt:
Tng Huyt Ap
M ch
n
09
%
11,25
Tiu hc
50
62,50
Trung hc
21
26,25
80
100
Tng
Nhn xt:
hc vn tiu hc
20
Kinh t gia nh
n
24
40
16
80
Kh giu
Trung bnh
Ngho
Tng
Tng huyt p
%
30,00
50,00
20.00
100
C
Khng
Tng
Tng huyt p
%
48.75
51.25
100.00
Nhn xt: Khng c mi lin quan gia tin s gia nh v tng huyt
p, tng huyt p nhm i tng tng ng nhau t 48.75 51,25%.
3.2. Cc yu t lin quan n tng huyt p
Bng 3.1. Lin quan gia tui vi tng huyt p
Nhm tui
Tng huyt p
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
45- < 50
23 (10,22%)
76 (33,8%)
50 55
57 (25.33%)
69 (30,6%)
Tng
80 (35.6%)
185 (64.4%)
OR
(KTC 95%)
2,73
0,000619
21
OR
n mn
P
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
40 (17,8%)
79 (35.1%)
Khng
40 (17,8%)
66(29,3%)
Tng
80 (35.6%)
145 (64.4%)
(KTC 95%)
1,197
0,519
Nhn xt: Khng c mi lin quan gia thi quen n mn v tng huyt
p i tng nghin cu
Bng 3.15. Lin quan gia thi quen n bo vi tng huyt p
Tng huyt p
OR
n cht bo
P
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
23 (10.22%)
56(24.88%)
Khng
57 (25.33%)
89 (39.55%)
Tng
80 (35.6%)
145 (64.4%)
(KTC 95%)
1,56
0,138
Tng huyt p
OR
P
(BMI)
23
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
(KTC 95%)
68 (30.22%)
53 (23.55%)
0,1
0,0000.
22
< 23
12 (5.33%)
92 (40.88%)
Tng
80 (35.6%)
145 (64.4%)
OR
Tng huyt p
TS sn khoa
C
Khng
Tng
P
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
05 (2.22%)
08 (3,55)
(KTC 95%)
75 (33.33%)
80 (35.6%)
145 (64.4%)
0,822
Nhn xt: C s lin quan gia tin s sn khoa v tng huyt p,c
tng huyt p:
23
Tng huyt p
Vn ng th lc
OR
(KTC
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
18 (8.00%)
24 (10.66%)
95%)
Tp th dc
u n
0,3036
Khng u n
19 (8.44%)
28 (12.44%)
Khng tp th dc
43(19,11%)
93(41,33%)
Tng cng
80(35,6%)
145(64,4%)
Lm vic nh
thng xuyn
C
72 (32.0%)
139 (61.77%)
Khng
08 (03.5%)
06 (02.66%)
Tng cng
80 (35,6%)
145(64,4%)
2,574
0,0814
24
Tn s
T l
97
34.6
Khng
183
65.4
Tng cng
280
100.0
25
Nhn xt :
- Kho st 280 ngi t 45-55 tui, ti x hiu Thnh, huyn Vng
Lim Tnh Vnh Long
- C 97 ngi tng huyt p, chim t l 34,6%.
- C 183 ngi khng tng huyt p, chim t l: 65,4%.
3.2.2. T l cc loi tng huyt p
Bng 3.7 : T l tng huyt p mi pht hin
Tng huyt p
Huyt Ap
70
72,2%
Mi pht hin
27
27,8%
Tng
97
100%
Nhn xt:
C 27.8% ngi tui mn kinh bit mnh b tng huyt p ln u
Bng 3.8. T l cc loi tng huyt p theo giai on (theo JNC VII)[45]
Tng huyt p
Bnh thng
Tng HA giai on I
(140-159/ 90-99) mmHg
Tng HA giai on II
( 160/ 100) mmHg
Tng cng
Nhn xt:
Tn sut
T l
183
65.4
57
20,4
42
14,2
280
100,0
26
Tng huyt p
45 - < 50
n
38
%
39,2%
50 - 55
59
60,8%
Tng
97
100%
Nhn xt:
- T l tng huyt p la tui 50 55 chim t l cao 60,8%
- La tui 45 - < 50 t l tng huyt p chim 39,2%
Bng 3.10. T l tng huyt p theo ngh nghip
Tng huyt p
Ngh nghip
Lm rung
n
88
%
90,5
Bun bn
Cn b
5
1
5,3
0,9
Mt sc lao ng
3,2
97
100
Tng
27
Trnh hc vn
M ch
n
10
%
45,5
Tiu hc
66
37,9
Trung hc
21
25,0
97
100
Tng
Kh
Trung bnh
Ngho
Tng
Tng huyt p
%
41.7
34.8
31.4
34.6
Nhn xt: Khng c mi lin quan gia kinh t gia nh v tng huyt
p, tng huyt p chim t l cao nhm i tng c kinh t gia nh kh
chim: 41.7% v ngho chim: 31.4%
3.3 Cc yu t lin quan ca tng huyt p
Tng huyt p
OR
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
(KTC 95%)
45- < 50
38 (24.2%)
119 (75.8%)
0.346
17.2
50 55
59 (48.0%)
64 (52.0%)
0.208 - 0.576
<0.001
28
Tng
97 (34.6%)
183 (65.4%)
OR
n mn
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
(KTC 95%)
56 (41.8%)
78 (58.2%)
1.8
5.8
Khng
41 (28.1%)
105 (71.9%)
1.1 - 3.1
0.016
Tng
97 (34.6%)
183 (65.4%)
OR
n cht bo
2 /
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
(KTC 95%)
58 (33.3%)
116 (66.7%)
0.859
0.348
Khng
39 (36.8%)
67 (63.2%)
0.5 - 1.4
0.555
Tng
97 (34.6%)
183 (65.4%)
29
OR
Tng huyt p
(BMI)
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
(KTC 95%)
23
52 (40.9%)
75 (59.1%)
1.664 1.013
< 23
45 (29.4%)
108 (70.6%)
2.733
Tng
97 (34.6%)
183 (65.4%)
2 /
4.077 1
.043
Tng huyt p
OR
TS sn khoa
(KTC 95%)
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
22 (100.0%)
0 (0%)
45.0
Khng
75 (29.1%)
183 (70.9%)
<0.001
97 (34.6%)
183 (65.4%)
Tng
Nhn xt: C s lin quan gia tin s sn khoa v tng huyt p,c
tng huyt p: 22(100%) c ngha thng k vi (p<0.001)
30
Tng huyt p
TS gia nh
C
C
72 (44.2%)
Khng
91 (55.8%)
Khng
25 (21.4%)
92 (78.6%)
97 (34.6%)
183 (65.4%)
Tng
(KTC 95%)
2.9
15.6
1.7 - 4.9
<0.001
Nhn xt: C mi lin quan c ngha gia tin s gia nh tng huyt
p vi tnh trng tng HA ca i tng nghin cu: (44.2%/21.4%vi
p<0.001)
Bng 3.19. Lin quan gia vn ng th lc vi tng huyt p
Tng huyt p
Vn ng th lc
OR
(KTC
C (n %)
Khng (n%)
95%)
42 (43.3%)
55 (56.7%)
1.8
4.9
1.1 - 2.9
0.027
Tp th dc
Khng
C
55 (30.1%)
128 (69.9%)
67 (37.9%)
110 (62.1%)
1.48
2.2
30 (29.1%)
73 (70.9%)
0.87 - 2.5
0.139
Thng xuyn i ng
Khng
C
31
Chng 4
BN LUN
32
Chng 5
KT LUN V KIN NGH
5.1 KT LUN
- T l tng huyt p ngi mn kinh ti x Thnh Tn
- Cc yu t lin quan n tng huyt p
5.2. KIN NGH
33
Thi gian
Bt u
Kt thc
Thc hin
Tm ti li u son
cng
1/5/2013
31/5/2013
BS M
01/6/2013
15/06/2013 BS M
Trnh h i ng NCKH
xt duy t cng
16/6/2013
30/6/2013
BS M
01/7/2013
15/7/2013
BS M
Hp trin khai v tp
hun
01/7/2013
15/7/2013
BS M
Lin h a phng.
01/7/2013
15/7/2013
BS M
1.YS Trung
16/7/2013
31/7/2013
2. HSTH
Tho
3. T y t cc
p
01/8/2013
30/8/2013
Vit bo co
01/9/2013
30/9/2013
10
Bo co ti (d kin)
10/2013
BS M
BS M
BS M
S lng
Thi gian
Ghi ch
34
Cn b nghin cu
.
01
30
Cn b iu tra
03
14
Tng
04
44
3/. Kinh ph
Mc
n v
S lng
n gi
Cng
Giy
Ram
75.000
150.000
Bt
Cy
10
3.000
30.000
In n b
cu hi
230
2.000
460.000
In n
cng
03
30.000
90.000
In n bo
co
03
50.000
150.000
Ti liu
tham kho
Cun
05
50.000
250.000
Chi ph
iu tra
Ngy
7x4
50.000
1.400.000
500.000
500.000
Chi khc
3.030.000
Tng cng
35
36
37
38
Ph lc:
PHIU IU TRA
- Ngy iu tra:
- Ngi iu tra
I. THNG TIN CHUNG
S phiu
..
H v tn
a ch
Tui
Dn tc
1 Kinh
2 Khmer:
1 M
Trnh hc vn
2 Tiu hc
3 Trung hc c s tr ln
Ngh nghip
1 Lm rung
2 Bun bn
3 Cn b VC
4 ni tr
1 Ngho
Kinh t gia nh
2 Trung bnh
3 Kh giu
39
10
Bnh thng
Tin tng HA
Tng HA I
11
12
13
Tng HA II
o chiu cao
Cn nng
Tnh BMI
m
Kg
Gy: BMI<18.5
1 Gy
2 Trung bnh
Qu cn: 23 BMI<25
3 Qa cn
Bo ph I: 25 BMI<30
4 Bo ph I
Bo ph II: 30
5 Bo ph II
2.2. TIN S
2.2.1. TIN S GIA NH
14
1 C
tng huyt p
1 C
2 Khng
2 Khng
40
16
.nm
bao lu?
1 C
2 Khng
1 C
1 C
2 Khng
1 C
2 Khng
mm hoc mui)
20
2.3.2. Hot ng th lc
B c i b, tp th dc khng?
21
1 C
2 Khng
trong 1 tun ?
2 3 ln/ tun
1 < 30 pht/ ln
bao lu ?
2 30 pht/ ln
41
22
1 C
2 Khng
Nu c lm vic nh, b lm nh th no ?
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2 Khng thng xuyn