Generated by Foxit PDF Creator @ Foxit Software hitpsiwenw.foxitsottware.com. For evaluation only. Cée chat hoat dng bé mat -O8CDHH www.sinhviencnhh.net Mue Ine Léi gigi thigu 1. CHAT HOAT DONG BE MAT 1.1 Binh nghia 1.2 Swhinh thinh Micel! 2. CAC TINH CHAT CO BAN 2.1 Tinh tham ust 2.2 Kha ning tao bot 2.3 Kha nang héa tan 24 Kha ning hoat dng bé mat 2.5 Kha ning nhii hoa 2.6 Diém Kraft — diém duc 2.7 HLB 3. PHAN LOAI CAC CHAT HOAT DONG BE MAT 3.1 Cac chit hogt dng bé mat kh6ng sinh ion 3.2. Cac chit hoat dng bé mat anion 3.3. Cac chat hoat dong bé mit cation 3.4 Cac chat hoat dong bé mat lang tinh 4. MOT SO YEU TO ANH HUONG DEN TINH CHAT CUA CAC CHAT HOAT DONG BE MAT 4.1 Nhigt d0, 4.2 Logi phan tir 5. GIOL THIEU MOT SO CHAT HOAT DONG BE MAT 5.1 Cetylpyridinium elorua (CPC) 5.2 Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 5.3 Natri lauryl ether sulfate (SLES)Generated by Foxit PDF Creator @ Foxit Software hitpsiwenw.foxitsottware.com. For evaluation only. Cée chat hoat dng bé mat -O8CDHH www.sinhviencnhh.net Loi gidi thigu G cude séng hign dai, nhu ciu vé ede chit tiy nta ngay cing duge quan tam va tro thanh mot nhu cau khong thé thiéu duge déi véi con ngudi. G bat ki au, bat ki ai eiing déu sir dyng nhimg san phim nu kem dénh rang, sita tim, ‘xa phing tim, xa phong gift... Tt cd a hinh thanh nén nganh cong nghigp sin xudt cée chit tay rita. Nginh cng nghiép nay dat trén vige sir dung va phat trién cde chét hoat dng bé mat va phy gia cho cdc chdt hoat dng bé mat. Chat hoat dng bé mat khong nhimg duoc img dung nhiéu trong Tinh vue tay rira ma con nhigu img dung khée: Trong cong nghigp dét nhugm: Chat lam mém cho vai sgi, chat try snhugm Trong céng nghigp thye phim: Chat nhii hoa cho banh kgo, bo sita va d6 hop Trong céng nghigp my pham: Chat tay rita, nhii hoa, chat tao bot Trong nginh in: Chat tr ngém va phan tén mye in Trong néng nghigp: Chat dé gia cdng thud bao vé thye vat, ‘Trong xay dung: Ding dé nha héa nhya duréng, ting cudng 46 déng rin iia bé tong Trong diu kh: Chat nhii héa dung dich khoan Trong céng nghigp khodng sn: Lam thudc tuyén néi, chat nhi héa, chét tao bot dé lim gidu khosing sin 6 day chi xin gidi thigu so huge vé cac chat hoat déng bé mat, tinh chit, phan logi va gid thigu m6t s6 cht hogt dng bé mat duge sir dung ph bién,Generated by Foxit PDF Creator @ Foxit Software hitpsiwenw.foxitsottware.com. For evaluation only. ‘Cae chit hoat dng bé mit -08CDHH www.sinhviencnhh.net 1, CHAT HOAT DONG BE MAT 1.1 Dinh nghia: Chat hogt dong bé mgt 1 cée chat c6 te dung lam gidm site cing bé mat cca chit long, Phan tir chit hoat ding bé mit gdm hai phn: Bau ky nue (Hydrophop) va du va nude (Hydrophyl), Va tinh chat hoat déng bé mat phy thude vao hai phin nay. au ky nude phi dit dai, mach Carbon tir 8 — 21, ankyl thuge mach ankal, anken mach thing hay e6 gin ving eylo hoc ving benzene. liu wa nuéie phai IA mt nhém phin cye manh nhu cacboxyl (COO-), Hydroxyl (-OH), amin (-NH;), sulfat (-OSO)).... 1.2 Sy hinh thanh Micelle: Cac phan tir cua chat hogt dng bé mat gom m6t phan kj nude va mét phan wa nude, Micell duge hinh thanh khi & m6t ndng 46 nhat dinh, cac phan tir chat hogt dong bé mat tap hop Iai v6i nhau, dau va nude dye bao quanh bai ce phan tr made sé hug ra ngoai va du ky nuse tu vao bén trong hinb thank cdc Micelle cé dang hinh cau, hinh try hay mang. Néng d@ phi hop véi vige hinh thanh céc Micell duge goi li ndng 46 Micell t6i han (CMC) Micell hinh cu Doi V6i mOt 86 hyp chat hia co thyc té khéng tan trong nuée nhung lai hoa tan trong Micelle ciia cae chat hoat dong bé mat hay goi la sy hoa tan hoa. hur vay, chat hoat dng bé mit ld chit trng gian ha tan gitta chat hitu co va. nude. Céc Micelle hn hgp binh thanh khi eée chit hit co'bj hoa tan vio trong micelle va due chia lam ba loai: phan tir khong cue, phan tir ban cue va phan tir 06 cue.Generated by Foxit PDF Creator @ Foxit Software hitpsiwenw.foxitsottware.com. For evaluation only. Cée chat hoat dng bé mat -O8CDHH www.sinhviencnhh.net Sy hoa tan chat hiru eo cia cde Micelle phu thuge vio sé Ing va kich thude ciia cic Micelle, S6 lugng cic Micelle cing nhiéu, 46 hoa tan cang t6t. kich thuée Micelle cang I6n, 46 hoa tan cac chat hitu co eang dé dang. 2, CAC TINH CHAT CO BAN 2.1 Tinh thim wét: ‘Tinh tham wét tao diéu kign dé vat can giat rita, cac vét ban ti nude mét cach dé dang nén déng vai tro réit quan trong. Vai sgi c6 kha nang thim wot dé ding nhung nude khé thim su vio bén trong cu tric vi site cing bé mat rit lon, nhdt ld khi vai sgi bj day ban bing diu mé. Vi thé, ding xa phéng dé lim giam site cing bé m§t cua nude vi 2.2 Kha nang tao bot: Bot duge hinh thanh do sw phan tin khi trong mdi traémg long. Hign tuong nay Lim cho bé mit dung dich chat ty rira ting én, Kha nang to bot va dé bén bot phy thudc vio cau tao cia chinh chat 46, néng 46, nhigt 46 cia dung dich, 46 pH va ham wong ion Ca’, Mg” trong dung dich chit tay rita. 2.3 Kha ning hia tan: Tinh haa tan phy thuge vio cic yéu t6: = Ban chat va vj tri cia nh6m wa nude, Nhém wa nude 6 dau mach dé hoa tan hon nhém & gita mgch. ~ Chiéu dai cia mach Hydrocacbon, Nhém ky nuée mach thing dé hoa tan hon mgch nhénb, — Nhigt a9 — Ban chét cia ion kim logi: véi ion Na’, K’ dé haa tan hon cée ion C2?" Me". 2.4 Kha nang hoat dong bé mit: Nude ¢6 site eding bé mit lén. Khi hda tan xa phong vio nude, site eang mat ciia nude giém. Mét lép hap thy dinh huéng hinh thanh trén b8 mat nh6m wa nude huéng vio nurse, nhém ky nude hung ra ngoai. Nh c6 lép hap thy d6 ma sire cng bé mit cia mudc gidm vi bé mit nude ~ khéng khi drge thay bing ky made ~ khéng Kh (gia cc pha) xtc véiGenerated by Foxit PDF Creator @ Foxit Software hitp’iwerw.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. ‘Cée chat hoat dng bé mat -O8CDHH www.sinhviencnhh.net Kha ning hoat dng bé mat 2.5 Kha ning nh hoa: ‘Nha tuong 1a hé phan tan khéng bén ving nén muén thu duge hé bén ‘ving thi phai cho them chét nh héa, Xa phong thirong duge ding lam chat dn djnh nhi tuong. Tac dung cla ching 1a Lim giam site cing bé mat cia hai huéng dau — nude. sau d6, im cho ‘hg nh tuong dé dng én dinb. 2.6 Diém Kraft — diém dye: Kha nang hoa tan cia cic chat hoat déng bé mit anion ting lén theo nhigt 46. Kha nang héa tan nay tang trudng dot ngot khi tac nhan bé mat hoa tan di dé tgo thinh Micell. Diém Kraft la diém ma tai nhigt 46 46 cdc Micell c6 thé hda tan dug, DO tan ciia cée chit hoat ding bé mat NI phy thuge vio lien két hydro trong nue vai chudi polyoxyetylen. Nang hrong cia lién két hyttro rt 1am khi ting mhigt d6 vi khi d6 sy mat made lim gidm 46 tan, Biém duc la diém tai higt 46 46 cdc chat hoat déng bé mat NI khéng hoa tan durge. 2.7 HLB (tinh wa nuée—tinh wa dau — cin bing) HLB 1a m6t don vi do ling luring tinh 44i eye cia phan tir Gia tr cta HLB 1-4 kkhéng phan tin trong nude 3-6 ft phan tan 8-10 phan tén dyc nhung én dinh 13 dung dich trongGenerated by Foxit PDF Creator @ Foxit Software hitpsiwenw.foxitsottware.com. For evaluation only. Cée chat hoat dng bé mat -O8CDHH www.sinhviencnhh.net 3. PHAN LOAI CAC CHAT HOAT DONG BE MAT C6 nhiéu eich phan loai chit host dng bé mat nhumg eéch phn loai theo céu tao héa hoc la hgp ly nhat, Phan logi theo cau tao héa hoe chia chat hoat déng bé mat ra lim 2 logi: chat sinh ra ion va chat kh6ng sinh ra ion. Chat sinh ra ion duge chia Lim ba logi: hogt tinh anion, hoat tinh caction va ludmg tink. 3.1 Chat hogt dng bé mit khong sinh ion (NI) ‘Cac chat tiy rita khi hia tan vao trong nude khéng phan ly thanh ion goi 18 chat tiy rita khéng sinh ion ‘NI-c6 kha nang hoat déng bé mat khong cao. Em diu véi da, lay dau it. Lim bén bot, tgo nha tt. Co kha ning phan giai sinh hoe. it chju anh huéng cca nude emg va pH cba m6i trudng, tuy nhign 6 kha ning tao phite vei mot 86 jon kim logi nang trong née. Hign nay dé téng hop ching, phuong phép duvge ding phé bién nhit 18 qué trinh etoxy héa tir nrqu béo véi oxyt etylen. ‘Céng thtte chung: R-O-(CH2-CH2-O-)H. Cac nigu béo nay c6 ngudn géc thién nhién nhw dau thye vit, mé dong vat thong qua phan ting H> héa ede axit béo tuong img, Hoac bang con dung tir rrgu tong hgp: bing cach cho olefin-1 phan img véi H2S04, roi thay phan (thu duge rou ba 2). Trong thong mai, loai nay ¢6 tén agi: tecitol 15-s-7, union earide 15-59... ‘Chat hoat dng bé mat khéng sinh ion duge phan loai thanh cdc dang co ban sau: Copolimer o6 cng thite chung: HO-(OE)n-(OP)m-(OE)n-H, hose HO- (OP)n-(OE)m-(EP)n-H. Ty s6 PO/OE e6 thé thay ddi: 4 - 1 hoe 9 - 1. Trong Iugng pha tir thap nhat: 20004vC, théng dung nhat hign nay 1a logi n = 2 va m = 30, ching tao bot kém nén ding phé bign trong céc san pham tay nta chuyén ding cho may: may néa chén, may giat, khéng gay hai cho moi true, déc tinh vyéu, Tuy nhién ding hong khong Ién vi kha nang phan hiy sinh hoc cham. Cac oxit amin, ankyl amin, rugu amit, polyglycerol ete, polyglucosit, (APG)... Nhém nay cé tinh chat ni ti la rit 6n dinh véi chat tay c6 clo, mage javel, chat oxy héa... thudng ding lim tc nan nén, ting tinh én dinh bot, Kim ‘Gt, go nh nh xA cir cho sin pham ... die bigt dé bi phan hy sinh hoe, 46 1a oxit amin, ankyl amin, ankylmonoetanolamit, polyglycerol ete, ankyl polyglucosit (APG), sunfonat Betain, ankylaminopropylsunfo betain, betain etoxy hoa 3.2 Chit hogt dong bé m§t anion Chat hogt dng bé mgt ma khi hda tan vio nude phén ly ra ion hoat dng ‘miét dm, chiém phin én kich thuée toan b@ phén tir hay chinh 1a mach Fidrocachon kh da, vation thi hai Khng 6 tinh hogtdGng be mat. De la chat hogt dong bé mat anion ‘C6 kha nang hoat dng b8 mat manh nhét so véi ede loai khde. Lam the dong ty rita chinh trong khi phdi ligu. Kha ning ly dau cao. Tao bot to nhumg_ kém bén... Bj thu dong héa hay mat kha ning tay nta trong mrde cimg, cig tam thdi, cde ion kim logi ngng (Fe3+, Cu2*...)Generated by Foxit PDF Creator @ Foxit Software hitpsiwenw.foxitsottware.com. For evaluation only. Cée chat hoat dng bé mat -O8CDHH www.sinhviencnhh.net Chat hogt d6ng bé mat anion rit da dang va tir rit liu con ngwoi da bist sit dung trong céng vige gift gid. Chia lim hai log chin, ‘C6 nguén gée thién mhién: Dé chink la sn phim tir phan mg xd phong ha cita cde estec axit béo véi glyxerin (dau co, dau dita, du nanh, dau lec, dau cao su... mg heo, me ciru, ‘mé bd, mé hai ca, md ca voi...) ‘C6 nguén gée tir diu mé: Thong qua phan tmg ankyl héa, sunfo héa eée din xuat anlkyl, aryl, ankylbenzen sunfonic. 3.3 Chit hogt dong bé mit cation Chat host dng b& mit ma khi haa tan vio nuéc phan ly ra ion hoat dong 'bé mat duvong, chiém phin lém kich thuée ton b9 phan ti hay chinh 1d mach Hidrocacbon kha dai, va ion thit hai khong c6 tinh hogt déng bé mat Cé kha niing hoat dong bé mat khong cao. Chat hoat dong bé mat cation 6 nhém ai muée la ion duwong, ion dong thong thug Ii ee din xuat eiia mudi amin bac bén cla elo. Em diu véi da, tay du it, khong ding véi mye dich tgo bot. Lam bén bot, tgo nhil tot... C6 kha nang phan giai sinh hoc kém, hign nay ngudi ta ding clorua ditearyl diamin amoni bic bén vi kha ning phan gidi sinh he tt hon. ‘Tuong lai trén thi trudmg, sé c6 cdc cation dang nhém chit este dé phan giai sinh hoc hon cho m6i trudng, va gidm kha ning gay dj tmg Khi sir dung. (Cha yéu lam trigt tigu tinh dign cho téc, vai sg... nén Itong ding rat 3.4 Chit hogt dng bé mjt hrong tinh, Nhimg chat hoat dng bé mit ma tiy theo méi trudng la axit hay bazo ‘ma cé hoat tinh cation v6i axit hay anion v6i bazo, hay néi céch khdc la chat hoat dong bé mat e6 cée nhém ludng eye vita tich din am vita tich dign duomg (amin, este). ae z ‘C6 kha nfing hogt dng bé mat khOng cao, 6 pH thip ching ta chat hoat dong bé mat cationic va la anionic & pH cao, C6 kha nang phan hay sinh hoe. Lugng ding khodng 0,2% -1% trong cae sin pham tay rita Phan Joai: : i Trong nhém cfc chit hogt dng bé mat luéng tinh, hign nay céc din xudt tir betain duge sit dung rong rai nhat, Ching gom cée nh6m chinh saw: Ankylamino propyl betain. Khi R 1a g6c lauryl thi c6 tinh tay ria rat tt, kha nang tg0 bot manh, khong 1a kh da, dju cho da... hign nay trén thi trudmg thudmg thay phdi trong: dau g6i, sia tim, nude nia chén... véi tén goi: cocoamino propyl betain (CAPB).Generated by Foxit PDF Creator @ Foxit Software hitpsiwenw.foxitsottware.com. For evaluation only. Cée chat hoat dng bé mat -O8CDHH www.sinhviencnhh.net 4. MOT SO YEU TO ANH HUONG DEN CAC TINH CHAT CUA CAC CHAT HOAT DONG BE MAT 4.1 Nhigt 6: Nhigt 9 cing eao, 49 hoa tan cia ede chit hoat dong nhét cia cée chat bin dang léng eang gidm, d6 hda tan ca chat ban cing Ion, phan tmg trung hda chat ban c6 tinh axit va phan img xi phdng héa chit béo ity ra cing d@ dng, lim ting higu sudt giat ty. Tuy nhién, nhigt 49 cao cing lim gidm hoat tinh ciia mgt sé chét hoat dong bé mat dé hoa tan, gidm 49 bén ciia hg nbd, MOt sé logi vai khong thé chiu duge nhigt 49 dung dich cao. ‘Déi véi cde chat hogt dong bé mat NI, sy hap phy tng theo nhiét 49 va sau diém due, sire cing bé mat vi giao din cita cée chit NI c6 thay di. 4.2 Loai phan tir: Site cng bé mat hay giao dign phy thuc vao loai phan tir cu thanh nén. chit hogt dng bé mat. ‘Déi voi cht hoat dng bé mit Anion, khi thém géc ~CH2 vio trong day chit béo, site cang bé mat gidm di (gidm néng 46). Cé thé lam gidm 46 hinh thanh Micell bing céch lam mat tinh déi ximg trong phan tir bing cdch phan nhanh hoc thay thé hai nhanh ngan hon thanh m9t nhanh dai duy nhat. DO hip phy eiing tang Ién theo d6 dai cia day ky muse, ‘bi véi chat hoat dong bé mat NI, khi ting dy beo C12 ~ C14 site cling 'bé mat gidm vi khi 46 kha nang phan cye cia dau phan eye gidm. Sy hap phy gidm khi ting sé oxyetylen ua nude. 4.3 Chit din ly: Su hap phu: thém chit dign ly s€ lim gidm 49 hoa tan eiia ede tée nan 'bé mat dn dén lam ting sy hap phu 6 cée giao dign, Cac chat dign ly sé lam gidm CMC vi cae chat dign ly trong dung dich cchait ty rira s@ ngan can kha ning hinh thanh céc Micell.Generated by Foxit PDF Creator @ Foxit Software hitpsiwenw.foxitsottware.com. For evaluation only. ‘Cae chit hoat dng bé mit -08CDHH www.sinhviencnhh.net 5. GIOI THIEU MOT SO CHAT HOAT DONG BE MAT $.1 Cetylpyridinium clorua (CPC) Cetylpyridinium clorua Ii m9t hgp chit cation amoni b§e bén, duge sit dung trong mt s6 logi nude ste migng , kem dénh ring , thude xit hong, thube khir mii, ya thudc xit mdi, NO 14 mét chit khir tring digt vi khudin va cde vi sinh vat khde. NO duge chimg minh 1 ¢6 higu qua trong vige ngiin ngira ring mang bim va giim vim nuéu, Né cing di duge sir dung nhu la mot thanh phan trong mét s6 thuée trir siu. Tuy nhién, CPC cing duge cho li gay ra cde vvét ban mau nau gitta céc ring twong ty nhur chlorhexidine Cetylpyridinium clorua 66 céng thie phan tit C2,HsNCL va 6 dang tinh khiét cia né 1a 6 trong trang thai rin & nhigt dO phong. NO c6 diém néng chay 1a 77°C khi khan hoje 80-83°C trong monohydrat cia n6, No khéng héa tan ‘rong acetone, acetic acid, hog ethanol. CPC ¢6 mii héi, dé chay, dc hai khi nudt va rit de khi hit vio. Trong mét sé sin phim, bromide cetylpyridinium duge sit dung thay thé. Tinh chat cia ching hiu nhu gidng hét nhau. CMC ca CPC 1a 0,00124M, turong img véi 0,042% trong nucée. 5.2 Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), laurilsulfate dodecyl sulfate natri hoge natri (SDS hoc NaDS) (Ci2HzsSO,Na) Ia m6t chat hogt dong bé mt anion duge sir dung trong nhiéu sin pham v@ sinh kam sqch. Phan tir co mot dudi 12 nguyén ‘ur carbon, gin lién véi mot nhém sulfate, die trang cho tinh chat cin thiét ciia ‘mot chat téy rita . SLS 1a mét hoat dong bé mat higu qua cao va duge sir dyng trong bit ky céng vige doi hoi phai c6 vige logi b6 cic vét ban va b8 nhim, Vi dy, n6 duge tim thiy 6 néng dé cao hon véi sin phim cong nghigp bao gdm chat tay rita san nha, vi xa phong rira xe. N6 durge sir dung & néng 46 thap hon véi kem anh ring, di gdi, va bot cao rau. SLS chua duge chimg minh la gay ung thy khi mt trong kich img trye tiép én da hoge tiéu héa. Tuy nhign, n6 6 the gay kich img da trén Khuon mat ‘vannéu ding lin tue hom mot gid d6i v6i ngudi trung nin, oS Oh aGenerated by Foxit PDF Creator @ Foxit Software hitpsiwenw.foxitsottware.com. For evaluation only. ‘Cae chit hoat dng bé mit -08CDHH www.sinhviencnhh.net 53 Natri lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) Natri lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), hoe sodium laureth sulfate, 1a mot chat hoat déng bé mat anion, duge tim thdy trong nhiéu sin pham chm sée c4 nnhin (xa phing, du g6i, kem dénh ring, vv.) SLES la m6t chit tgo bot rit higu qui. ‘Céng thire héa hoe eta n6 lit CHy(CHs),CH3{OCH;CH;),0SO,Na. Doi ki s6 dai dign bei n duge quy dinh trong tén, cho sulfate laureth-2, vi dy: Cée san pham throng mai li khong déng Bhat rong $8 ahdm ethoxy, tong dé nla 6 § nghia phd bién cho efc sin phim throng mai la m = 3. SLES, SLS va ALS la nhimg chat hogt d6ng bé mat duge sir dung trong anhigu sin phim my phim tay rita, Chiing e6 tinh chat tucmg ty nhu x4 phong QP 7 nator 0t™ Mie dit SLES duge xem li an ton khi 6 néng 49 duge sit dung trong cc sin phim my phim. Né li mot chat kich thich tong tw nhur cée chat tay nn, vio Kich ng tng theo bg. 9. Mi s6 sin phim e6 chira SLES da durge tim thdy c6 chira ning 46 thap cia chat gay ung thur duge biét dén 1,4- dioxane. 10