Giai Bai Tap Dien

in hc
Chng 1: Trng tnh in
1-1.
Tm lc ht gia ht nhn v electron trong nguyn t Hyr. Bit rng bn knh

nguyn t Hyr l 0,5.10-8 cm, in tch ca electron e = -1,6.10-19 C.
Gii:
S dng cng thc lc tng tc gia hai in tch ca nh lut Culng (vi in tch ca
electron v ht nhn hyr qe = - qp = -1,6.10-19C, khong cch r = 0,5.10-10m):
F=
1-2.
k q 1 q 2 9.10 9.(1,6.10 19 ) 2
=
9,23.10 8 N
r2
(0,5.10 10 ) 2
Lc y tnh in gia hai proton s ln hn lc hp dn gia chng bao nhiu ln,

cho bit in tch ca proton l 1,6.10-19C, khi lng ca n bng 1,67.10-27 kg.
Gii:
Theo cng thc ca nh lut Culng v nh lut vn vt hp dn, ta c:
F1 =
1-3.
kq 2
;
r2
F2 =
Gm 2
r2
F1
kq 2
9.10 9.(1,6.10 19 ) 2
=
=
1,25.10 36 (ln )
2
11
27 2
F2 Gm
6,67.10 .(1,67.10 )
Hai qu cu t trong chn khng c cng bn knh v cng khi lng c treo
hai u si dy sao cho mt ngoi ca chng tip xc vi nhau. Sau khi truyn cho
cc qu cu mt in tch q0 = 4.10-7C, chng y nhau v gc gia hai si dy by
gi bng 600. Tnh khi lng ca cc qu cu nu khong cch t im treo n tm
qu cu bng l = 20 cm.
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
Gii:
Do cc qu cu l ging nhau nn in tch mi qu cu nhn c l:
T
2
F
q1 = q 2 =
q0
= 2.10 7 C
2
Hai qu cu cn bng khi:

P + Fd + T = 0
Khi , d dng nhn thy:

vi
P = mg
Fd =
tg =
Fd
P
kq1 q 2
kq 02
=
2
r2
4(2l. sin )
q 02
q 02
kq 02
tg =
P=
=
4 0 .16l 2 sin 2 .P
64 0 l 2 sin 2 .tg 16l 2 . sin 2 .tg
Thay s:
(
)
( ) ( )
2
1.9.10 9. 4.10 7
P=
= 0,157( N )
16.0,2 2. sin 2 30 0 .tg 30 0
1-4.
m=
P 0,157
=
= 0,016(kg ) = 16( g )
g
9,81
Tnh khi lng ring ca cht lm qu cu trong bi 1-3. Bit rng khi nhng cc qu
cu ny vo du ha, gc gia hai si dy by gi ch bng 540 ( = 2 i vi du
ha).
Gii:
T kt qu bi 1-3, ta d c i vi qu cu t trong khng kh th:

q 02
P=
64 1 0 l 2 sin 2 1 .tg 1
(1)
Khi nhng cc qu cu vo du ho, mi qu cu s chu thm tc dng ca lc y

Acsimt P1 hng ngc chiu vi trng lc. Do , bng tnh ton tng t bi trn, ta thu
c:
q 02
P P1 =
64 2 0 l 2 sin 2 2 .tg 2
(2)
Mt khc:
P = mg = Vg ; P1 = 0Vg
(3)
T (1), (2) v (3), ta c:

P P1 1 sin 2 1 .tg 1 0
=
=
P
2 sin 2 2 .tg 2
1 sin 2 1 .tg 1 . = 2 sin 2 2 .tg 2 ( 0 )
2 . sin 2 2 .tg 2
= 0 .
2 . sin 2 2 .tg 2 1.sin 2 1.tg1
Thay s vi: 1 = 1; 2 = 2; 1 = 30 0 ; 2 = 27 0 ; 0 = 800(kg / m 3 )
=
1-5.
2. sin 2 27 0.tg 27 0
.800 = 2550(kg / m 3 )
2. sin 2 27 0.tg 27 0 sin 2 30 0.tg 30 0
Hai qu cu mang in c bn knh v khi lng bng nhau c treo hai u si

dy c chiu di bng nhau. Ngi ta nhng chng vo mt cht in mi (du) c
khi lng ring 1 v hng s in mi . Hi khi lng ring ca qu cu () phi
bng bao nhiu gc gia cc si dy trong khng kh v trong in mi l nh
nhau.
Gii:
S dng cc tnh ton d lm bi 1-4, v thay 0 = 1 , 2 = , 1 = 1 , ta c:

= 1 .
.sin 2 2 .tg 2
= 1
.sin 2 2 .tg 2 sin 2 1 .tg1
sin 2 1 .tg
sin 2 2 .tg 2
Vi iu kin gc lch gia cc si dy trong khng kh v cht in mi l nh nhau hay:

1 = 2 sin 2 1 .tg1 = sin 2 2 .tg 2
biu thc trn tr thnh:

=
1-6.
Mt electron in tch e, khi lng m chuyn ng u trn mt qu o trn bn

knh r quanh ht nhn nguyn t Hyr. Xc nh vn tc chuyn ng ca electron
trn qu o. Cho e = -1,6.10-19C, m = 9,1.10-28kg, khong cch trung bnh t electron
n ht nhn l r = 10-8cm.
Gii:
lctrn chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn theo qu o trn di tc dng ca lc hng
tm chnh l lc Culng.
Fht = FCoulomb
v2
e2
m
=
r
4 0 r 2
v2 =
r.e 2
e2
=
m.4 0 r 2 4 0 mr
v=
e2
4 0 mr
e
2 0 mr
Thay s, ta c:
v=
1,6.10 19
12
31
2 .1.8,86.10 .9,1.10 .10
10
= 1,6.10 6 (m / s )
1-7.
Ti cc nh A, B, C ca mt hnh tam gic ngi ta ln lt t cc in tch im: q1

= 3.10-8C; q2 = 5.10-8C; q3 = -10.10-8C. Xc nh lc tc dng tng hp ln in tch
t ti A. Cho bit AC = 3cm, AB = 4cm, BC = 5cm. Cc in tch u t trong
khng kh.

F1

F

F2
Gii:
Ta c:
+ Lc F1 ca q2 tc dng ln q1:
q1q 2
3.10 8.5.10 8
=
= 8,4.10 3 ( N )
2
12
2 2
4 0 rAB 4 .1.8,86.10 .(4.10 )

+ Lc F2 ca q3 tc dng ln q1:
F1 =
F2 =
q1q3
3.10 8.10.10 8
=
= 30.10 3 ( N )
2
4 0 rAC
4 .1.8,86.10 12.(3.10 2 ) 2
+ D dng nhn thy:
BC 2 = AB 2 + AC 2
Vy, tam gic ABC vung ti A. Khi :

- Lc F c phng hp vi cnh AC mt gc xc nh bi:

tg =
F1 8,4.10 3
=
0,28 = 15 0 42'
3
F2 30.10
- Chiu ca F nh hnh v.
- ln ca lc c tnh bng:
F = F12 + F22 = (8,4.10 3 ) 2 + (30.10 3 ) 2 = 3,11.10 2 ( N )
1-8.
C hai in tch bng nhau v tri du. Chng minh rng ti mi im cch u hai
in tch , phng ca lc tc dng ln in tch th q0 song song vi ng thng
ni hai in tch .
Gii:
Gi l ng trung trc ca on thng AB ni hai in tch q1 v q2 bng nhau v tri
du. Xt in tch th q0 (cng du vi in tch t ti B) t ti C nm trn . Ta c:
F1 =
q1q0
4 0 (B C ) 2
q 2 q0
= F2
4 0 ( AC ) 2
F1

F2
A
Xt thnh phn ca tng hp lc F dc theo :

F = F1 cos F2 cos = ( F1 F2 ) cos = 0
Vy, F ch c thnh phn hng theo phng vung gc vi , hay F song song vi
ng thng ni hai in tch q1 v q2.
F = F1 sin + F2 sin =
1-9.
2 q1q0
sin
4 0 l AB 2
2 sin
2 q1q0 sin 3
2
0l AB
Tm lc tc dng ln mt in tch im q = (5/3).10-9C t tm na vng xuyn bn

knh r0 = 5cm. tch in u vi in tch Q = 3.10-7C (t trong chn khng).
Gii:
Ta chia na vng xuyn thnh nhng phn t dl mang in
tch dQ. Chng tc dng ln in tch q lc dF. p dng nguyn
l chng cht lc, ta c:
Fx = dF sin ;
y
dl
Fy = dF cos
(na vng xuyn)
q dFx
(na vng xuyn)
ro
Ta c:
vi
dF =
dQ.q
4 0 r02
dQ =
Q
dl ;
r0
dF =
Qq
2
4 0 r02
dF
dl = r0 .d
d
Do tnh i xng, ta thy ngay Fy = 0, nn
F = Fx =
Qq
2
2
0 0
cos .d =
Qq
2
2 0 r02
Thay s:
F=
3.10 7.(5 / 3).10 9

= 1,14.10 3 ( N )
2
12
2 2
2. .1.8,86.10 .(5.10 )
1-10. C hai in tch im q1 = 8.10-8C v q2 = -3.10-8C t cch nhau mt khong d =

10cm trong khng kh (hnh 1-1). Tnh:
1. Cng in trng gy bi cc in tch ti cc im A, B, C. Cho bit:
MN = d = 10cm, MA = 4cm, MB = 5cm, MC = 9cm,
NC = 7cm.
2. Lc tc dng ln in tch q = -5.10-10C t ti C.
q1
q2
Hnh 1-1
Gii:
1. p dng nguyn l chng cht in trng:
+ in trng do q1 v q2 gy ra ti A cng phng cng chiu:
EC1
C
EB
B
E A = E A1 + E A2 =
EA =
q1
4 0 ( AM )
EC2
q1
EA
EC
q2
N
q2
4 0 ( AN ) 2
8.108
1
3.10 8
+
4 .1.8,86.10 12 (4.10 2 ) 2 (6.10 2 ) 2
= 52,5.10 4 (V / m)
+ in trng do q1 v q2 gy ra ti B cng phng ngc chiu:

E B = E B1 E B2 =
EB =
q1
4 0 ( BM )
q2
4 0 ( BN ) 2
8.10 8
1
3.10 8
= 27,6.10 4 (V / m)
12
2 2
2 2
4 .1.8,86.10 (5.10 )
(15.10 )
+ Phng, chiu ca EA v EB c xc nh nh trn hnh v.

Dng nh l hm s cos, ta thu c:
EC = EC21 + EC22 2 EC1 EC 2 cos
Ta cng c:
MC 2 + NC 2 MN 2 9 2 + 7 2 10 2
=
= 0,23
MN = MC + NC 2 MC.NC. cos cos =
2 MC.NC
2 .9 .7
2
8.10 8
=
=
= 8,87.10 4 (V / m)
12
2 2
2
4 0 (CM )
4 .8,86.10 .(9.10 )
q1
EC
EC =
2
q2
3.108
=
= 5,50.10 4 (V / m)
12
2 2
2
4 0 (CN )
4 .8,86.10 .(7.10 )
Vy:
EC = (8,87.10 4 ) 2 + (5,50.10 4 ) 2 2.8,87.10 4.5,50.10 4.0,23 = 9,34.10 4 (V / m)
xc nh phng ca EC, ta xc nh gc l gc gia EC v CN theo nh l hm s sin:
EC
sin
EC
sin
E C sin
sin =
EC
8,87.104. 1 (0,23) 2
sin =
= 0,92 = 67 009'
4
9,34.10
2. Ta c: FC = q.EC = 5.10 10.9,34.10 4 = 0,467.10 4 ( N )
Chiu ca lc FC ngc vi chiu ca in trng EC trn hnh v.
1-11. Cho hai in tch q v 2q t cch nhau 10 cm. Hi ti im no trn ng ni hai
in tch y in trng trit tiu.
Gii:
Trn ng ni hai in tch, in trng do chng gy ra lun cng phng ngc chiu
nn ta c:
E = E1 E2 =
q
2
0 1
4 r
2q
2
0 2
4 r
1 2

4 0 r12 r22
q
Gi s ti im M cch in tch q mt khong r, in trng trit tiu. im M cch in

tch 2q mt khong l (l-r) vi l l khong cch gia q v 2q.
E=
1
2
2
=0
4 0 r
(l r ) 2
q
1
2
=0
2
r
(l r ) 2
l r = 2r
r=
l
1+ 2
(l r ) 2 = 2 r 2
10
4,14(cm)
1+ 2
Vy, in trng gia hai in tch q v 2q trit tiu ti im M nm trn ng ni hai

in tch ti v tr cch in tch q l 4,14 (cm).
1-12. Xc nh cng in trng tm mt lc gic u cnh a, bit rng su nh
ca n c t:
1. 6 in tch bng nhau v cng du.
2. 3 in tch m v 3 in tch dng v tr s u bng nhau.
Gii:
1. Nu ta t ti su nh ca lc gic u cc in tch bng nhau v cng du, th cc cp
in tch cc nh i din s to ra ti tm cc in trng bng nhau nhng ngc chiu,
nn chng trit tiu ln nhau. Do vy, in trng tng cng ti tm lc gic bng khng.
E0 = 0 (do tnh i xng)
2. t ba in tch dng v ba in tch m cng ln vo su nh ca lc gic u,
ta c ba cch xp nh sau:
a) Cc in tch m v dng c t xen k vi nhau:
Ta nhn thy: cc cp in trng (E1, E4), (E2, E5) v (E3, E6) cng phng cng chiu v
cc in trng c cng ln.
Cc cp in tch 1-4, 2-5 v 3-6 to ra cc in trng

bng nhau v hp vi nhau cc gc bng 1200 (Hnh v).
E25
q
4 0 a
0 a
E14
4
q
E36
2 0 a 2
3
5
E25
Ta c th d dng tnh c: in trng tng cng E hng

theo phng ca in trng E14 v c ln bng:
E = 2 E14 =
E14
E36
b) Cc in tch dng v m t lin tip:
E14 = E25 = E36 = 2 E1 = 2
1200
Do tnh i xng nn in trng tng hp c gi tr bng

0.
Cc cp in tch 1-4, 2-5 v 3-6 to ra cc in trng bng
nhau nh hnh v:
E14
c) Cc in tch t nh trn hnh bn:

3
Hai cp in tch cng du t ti cc nh i din to ra ti

O cc in trng c cng ln nhng ngc chiu. Do ,
in trng do hai cp in tch 2-5 v 3-6 to ra ti O l bng khng. Vy, in trng ti O
bng in trng do cp in tch 1-4 to ra ti O:
E = E14 =
q
2 0 a 2
1-13. Trn hnh 1-2, AA l mt mt phng v hn tch in u vi mt in mt =

4.10-9C/cm2 v B l mt qu cu tch in cng du vi in tch trn mt phng. Khi
lng ca qu cu bng m = 1g, in tch ca n bng q = 10-9C. Hi si dy treo qu
cu lch i mt gc bng bao nhiu so vi phng thng ng.
Hnh 1-2
Gii:
Ti v tr cn bng:

T +F+P=0
Trong :
P = mg ;
F = Eq =
q
2 0
T hnh v ta thy:
tg =
F
4.10 5.10 9
q
=
=
= 0,2309
P 2 0 mg 2.1.8,86.10 12.10 3.9,81
= 130
A
T
F
A
P
1-14. Mt a trn bn knh a = 8cm tch in u vi mt in mt = 10-8C/m2.

1. Xc nh cng in trng ti mt im trn trc ca a v cch tm a mt on
b = 6cm.
2. Chng minh rng nu b 0 th biu thc thu c s chuyn thnh biu thc tnh
cng in trng gy bi mt mt phng v hn mang in u.
3. Chng minh rng nu b a th biu thc thu c chuyn thnh biu thc tnh cng
in trng gy bi mt in tch im.
Gii:
dE
dE2
A
dE1
dq
1. Chia a thnh tng di vnh khn c b rng dr. Xt di vnh khn c bn knh r (r<a).
Vnh khn c in tch tng cng:
dQ = .2r.dr
Chia vnh khn thnh cc in tch im dq. Chng gy ra in trng dE ti A. Theo

nh l chng cht in trng, in trng ti A bng tng tt c cc gi tr dE .

in trng dE c th phn thnh hai thnh phn dE1 v dE 2 . Do tnh i xng nn tng
cc thnh phn dE1 bng khng. Vy:

dE r = dE 2 = dE cos , vi l gc gia dE v OA
dEr =
dq
b
b
.
=
2
2
2
2
4 0 r + b
4 0 r 2 + b 2
r +b
3/ 2
.dQ =
b .r.dr
2 0 r 2 + b 2
in trng do c a gy ra ti A l:
b
E = dEr =
2 0
(r
0
r.dr
2
+b
2 3/ 2

b
1
1
1
=
2
=
2
2 0
2 0
r +b
1 + a 2 / b2
0
3/ 2

10 8
1
1
E=
12
2
2
2.8,86.10
1 + (8.10 2 ) / (6.10 2 )
226 (V / m )
2. Nu cho b 0, ta c:

1
1
b 0 2
1 + a2 / b2
0
E = lim
=
2 0
in trng khi b 0 c biu thc ging vi in trng do mt phng tch in u gy ra.
3. Nu b a, p dng cng thc gn ng:

a2
1 2
2b
1 + a2 / b2
1
Vy: E =
a 2 .a 2
q

.(a 2 )
1
1
=
=
=

2
2
2
2 0 2b 4 0b
4 0b
4 0b 2
in trng khi b a c biu thc ging vi in trng do mt in tch im gy ra.
1-15. Mt mt hnh bn cu tch in u, mt in mt = 10-9C/m2. Xc nh cng

in trng ti tm O ca bn cu.
Gii:
dE
h
O
dh
Chia bn cu thnh nhng i cu c b rng dh (tnh theo phng trc ca n). i cu

c tch in tch:
dQ =
.2rh .dh 2rh .dh

=
= 2R.dh.
cos
(rh / R )
vi l gc gia mt i cu v trc i xng ca i cu.

Tnh tng t nh phn u ca bi 1-14, ta tnh c in trng dE do i cu gy ra ti

O c hng nh hnh v v c ln bng:
dE =
2
h
4 0 r + h
2 3/ 2
.dQ =
h.2R.dh
4 0 R 3
Ly tch phn theo h t 0 n R, ta c:

R
.h.
h2
E = dE =
dh
=
=
2
2
2 0 R
2 0 R 2
4 0
0
R
Coi = 1 , ta c:
E=
10 9
= 28,2 (V / m)
4.1.8,86.10 12
1-16. Mt thanh kim loi mnh mang in tch q = 2.10-7C. Xc nh cng in trng
ti mt im nm cch hai u thanh R = 300cm v cch trung im thanh R0 =
10cm. Coi nh in tch c phn b u trn thanh.
Gii:
q
l
Chia thanh thnh nhng on nh dx. Chng c in tch l: dq = dx =
q
2 R 2 R02
dx
dE
dE2
dE1
0
R
R0
l/2
Xt in trng dE gy ra do on dx gy ra ti im ang xt. Ta c th tch dE thnh hai

thnh phn dE1 v dE 2 . in trng tng cng E l tng tt c cc in trng dE . Do
tnh i xng nn tng tt c cc thnh phn dE1 bng khng. Ta c:
dE2 =
=
dq
4 0 r
. cos =
qR0
4 0l R02 + x 2
E = dE 2 =
l/2
l / 2
q
4 0lR 0
Thay s:
3/ 2
R0
q
1
.
. dx
2
2
2
2
4 0 R0 + x
R0 + x l
dx
0
qR 0
4 0 l(R 02 + x 2 )
3/ 2
qR 0
R0
dx =
d
2
2
2
2
3/ 2
x = R tg 4 l
cos
.(
R
+
R
tg
)
0
0
0
0
q
cos .d = 4 lR [sin ]
0
E=
=
0
2q sin 0
q
l
q
=
.
=
4 0lR 0 2 0lR 0 2R 4 0 RR 0
2.10 7
6.103 (V / m)
4 .1.8,86.10 12.3.0,1
1-17. Mt mt phng tch in u vi mt . Ti khong gia ca mt c mt l hng

bn knh a nh so vi kch thc ca mt. Tnh cng in trng ti mt im
nm trn ng thng vung gc vi mt phng v i qua tm l hng, cch tm
mt on b.
Gii:
Ta c th coi mt phng tch in c l hng khng tch in nh mt mt phng tch in
u mt v mt a bn knh a nm ti v tr l tch in u vi mt -.
+ in trng do mt phng tch in u gy ra ti im ang xt l:
E1 =
2 0
+ in trng do a gy ra ti im ang xt l: (xem cch tnh trong bi 1-14)

E2 =
1

1
2 0
1 + a 2 / b2
+ in trng do mt phng v a gy ra cng phng v ngc chiu nn:

E = E1 E2 =
2 0 1 + a 2 / b 2
1-18. Mt ht bi mang mt in tch q2 = -1,7.10-16C cch mt dy dn thng mt

khong 0,4 cm v gn ng trung trc ca dy dn y. on dy dn ny di
150cm, mang in tch q1 = 2.10-7C. Xc nh lc tc dng ln ht bi. Gi thit rng
q1 c phn b u trn si dy v s c mt ca q2 khng nh hng g n s phn
b .
Gii:
Xt mt Gaox l mt tr y trn bn knh R0 c trc trng vi si dy, chiu cao h (h l)
vng gia si dy v cch si dy mt khong R0 l, ta c th coi in trng trn mt tr
l u. S dng nh l Otxtrgratxki-Gaox, ta c:
E.2R0 .h =
E=
q0
1 q1h
.
0 l
q1
2 0 R0l
Lc in tc dng ln ht bi l:
q1q2
1,7.10 16.2.10 7
F = Eq2 =
=
1010 ( N )
12
3
2 0 R0l 2 .1.8,86.10 .4.10 .1,5
1-19. Trong in trng ca mt mt phng v hn tch in u c t hai thanh tch in

nh nhau. Hi lc tc dng ca in trng ln hai thanh c nh nhau khng nu
mt thanh nm song song vi mt phng cn thanh kia nm vung gc vi mt phng.
Gii:
Lc tc dng ln thanh nm song song l:
F1 = Fi = q Ei
v lc tc dng ln thanh nm vung gc l:

F2 = Fk = q Ek
Do in trng do mt phng v hn tch in u gy ra l in trng u nn:

Ei = Ek
F1 = F2
Vy, lc tc dng ln hai thanh l nh nhau.

1-20. Mt mt phng v hn mang in u c mt in tch mt =2.10-9C/cm2. Hi
lc tc dng ln mt n v chiu di ca mt si dy di v hn mang in u. Cho
bit mt in di ca dy = 3.10-8C/cm.
Gii:
Ta thy, lc tc dng ln dy khng ph thuc vo cch t dy trong in trng. Ta c:
2 0
+ in trng do mt phng gy ra l:
E=
+ in tch ca dy l:
q = L
Vy, lc tc dng ln mi n v chiu di dy l:

F = Eq =
L 2.10 5.3.10 6.1

=
3,4( N )
2 0 2.1.8,86.10 12
1-21. Xc nh v tr ca nhng im gn hai in tch im q1 v q2 ti in trng

bng khng trong hai trng hp sau y: 1) q1, q2 cng du; 2) q1, q2 khc du. Cho
bit khong cch gia q1 v q2 l l.
Gii:
Vct cng in trng ti mt im M bt k bng

E = E1 + E2
vi E1 v E2 l cc vct cng in trng do q1, q2 gy ra.

E = 0, th ta phi c:
x
q1

E1 = E2
q2
+ Hai in trng E1 v E2 cng phng, M phi nm trn ng thng i qua im t cc

in tch.
+ Hai in trng E1 v E2 cng ln:
E1 = E 2
q1
4 0 x 2
4 0 (l x )
q
x
= 1
lx
q2
l
x=
1
q1
q2
q
x
= 1
q2
lx
q2
q1
(l x )
q2
x=
q1
q2
q1
q1
q2
+ Hai in trng E1 v E2 ngc chiu:

1. Nu q1, q2 cng du th M phi nm gia hai in tch:
0< x<l
x=
q1
q1 + q2
2. Nu q1, q2 khc du th M phi nm ngoi hai in tch:

x < 0 hay x > l
x=
q1
q1
l
q2
1-22. Gia hai dy dn hnh tr song song cch nhau mt khong l = 15cm ngi ta t mt
hiu in th U = 1500V. Bn knh tit din mi dy l r = 0,1cm. Hdy xc nh
cng in trng ti trung im ca khong cch gia hai si dy bit rng cc
dy dn t trong khng kh.
Gii:
Ta i xt trng hp tng qut: nu gi khong cch t im M n trc dy dn th nht
l x th cng in trng ti M l:
E=
+
=
2 0 x l x 2 0 x(l x)
1
vi l mt in di trn dy. Mt khc:

dU = - Edx
U = Edx =
lr
1
l r 1
[ln x ln(l x )] = ln l r
+
dx =
2 0 r x l x
2 0
r
0 r
0U
l r
ln
Th vo biu thc cng in trng v thay x = l/2, ta c:

E=
Thay s:
0U
l l r
2 0 l
. l ln
2 2 r
E=
2U
l r
l. ln
2.1500
4.103 (V / m )
0,149
0,15. ln
0,001
1-23. Cho hai in tch im q1 = 2.10-6C, q2 = -10-6C t cch nhau 10cm. Tnh cng ca
lc tnh in khi in tch q2 dch chuyn trn ng thng ni hai in tch xa
thm mt on 90cm.
Gii:
Ta c: Cng ca lc tnh in khi dch chuyn in tch q2 t im A n im B l:
A = q2.(VA VB)
Vy:
q1
q2
l.q1q2
=
A = q2
4 0 r 4 0 (l + r ) 4 0 r (l + r )
Thay s:
A=
0,9. 10 6 .2.10 6
0,162( J )
4 .1.8,86.10 12.0,1.1
Du tr th hin ta cn thc hin mt cng a q2 ra xa in tch q1.
1-24. Tnh cng cn thit dch chuyn mt in tch q = (1/3).10-7C t mt im M cch

qu cu tch in bn knh r = 1cm mt khong R = 10cm ra xa v cc. Bit qu cu
c mt in mt = 10-11C/cm2.
Gii:
Cng ca lc tnh in khi dch chuyn in tch l:
A = q.(VA VB)
Vy:
Q
Q
qQ
=
A = q.
(do R2 = )
4 0 R1 4 0 R2 4 0 R1
=
Thay s:
A=
q.4 .r 2 .
qr 2
=
4 0 (r + R ) 0 (r + R )
10 7.(1 / 3).10 7. 10 2
3,42.10 7 (J )
12
2
1.8,86.10 .11.10
1-25. Mt vng dy trn bn knh 4cm tch in u vi in tch Q = (1/9).10-8C. Tnh in

th ti:
1. Tm vng dy.
2. Mt im M trn trc vng dy, cch tm ca vng dy mt on h = 3cm.
Gii:
Chia vng dy thnh nhng on v cng nh dl mang in tch dq. in th do in tch
dq gy ra ti im M trn trc vng dy, cch tm ca vng dy mt on h l:
dV =
dq
4 0 R 2 + h 2
in th do c vng gy ra ti M l:
V = dV =
dq
2
4 0 R + h
Q
4 0 R 2 + h 2
1. in th ti tm vng (h =0):
VO =
Q
4 0 R
(1 / 9).108
4 .1.8,86.10 12.4.10 2
= 250(V )
2. in th ti M (h = 3cm):
VH =
Q
4 0 R 2 + h 2
(1 / 9).108
4 .1.8,86.10 12
= 200(V )
(4.10 ) + (3.10 )
2 2
2 2
1-26. Mt in tch im q = (2/3).10-9C nm cch mt si dy di tch in u mt

khong r1 = 4cm; di tc dng ca in trng do si dy gy ra, in tch dch
chuyn theo hng ng sc in trng n khong cch r2 = 2cm, khi lc in
trng thc hin mt cng A = 50.10-7J. Tnh mt in di ca dy.
Gii:
Ta c:
Vy:
dA = q.dV
dA = q.( Edr ) = q.
A = dA =
q
2 0
dr
2 0 r
r2
dr
r
r1
q
2 0
(ln r2 ln r1 ) =
q
2 0
ln
r1
r2
2 0 A
r
q. ln 1
r2
2. .1.8,86.10 12.50.10 7
6.10 7 (C / m )
4
9
(2 / 3).10 . ln
2
1-27. Trong chn khng liu c th c mt trng tnh in m phng ca cc vct cng
in trng trong c khong khng gian c in trng th khng i nhng gi tr
li thay i, v d nh thay i theo phng vung gc vi cc vct in trng
(hnh 1-3) c khng?

E
Hnh 1-3
Gii:
A

E
D
Xt ng cong kn hnh ch nht nh hnh v, ta c:

dV = E.dl
VA VA =

E
.dl
ABCDA

= E.dl + E.dl + E.dl + E.dl
BC
CD
DA
AB
= (E1 .AB + 0 E 2 .CD + 0)

= (E 2 E1 )l = 0
Vy: Nu phng ca vct cng in trng khng i th gi tr ca n cng phi
khng i trong ton b khng gian. Khng c in trng no nh nu trong bi.
1-28. Tnh in th gy ra bi mt qu cu dn in mang in q bng cch coi in th ti
mt im A no bng tng cc in th do tng in tch im gy ra, trong cc
trng hp sau:
1. Ti mt im nm trn qu cu.
2. Ti mt im nm trong qu cu.
3. Ti mt im nm ngoi qu cu cch b mt ca n mt on bng a.
Gii:
R
h
Chia qu cu thnh nhng vng dy tch in c chiu dy dh v cng nh bn knh

r = R 2 h 2 c tch in vi mt in mt =
dq = .dS = .
q
. in tch ca vng dy l:
4R 2
2r.dh
cos
vi l gc gia mt vng dy v trc ca n. D thy:

cos =
r
R
dq =
q
q.dh
.2R.dh =
2
4R
2R
Tnh tng t bi 1-25, in th do vng dy gy ra ti im A cch tm O mt khong x

nh hnh v l:
dV =
dq
4 0 r 2 + (h + x )
q.dh
8 0 R r 2 + h 2 + x 2 + 2hx
qdh
8 0 R R 2 + x 2 + 2hx
Vy, in th do c mt cu gy ra l:
V = dV =
q.dh
2
2
t=R
0 R R + x + 2hx
q
=
( R + x R x ) = 4q 0 R
8 0 xR
4 0 x
=2
+ x + 2 hx
(R+ x)2
16 0 xR ( R x ) 2
( R + x) 2
dt
q
=
.2 t
t 16 0 xR
(R x )2
[ ]
(x R )
(x > R )
1. in th ti tm qu cu (x = 0) v trn mt cu (x = R):
V=
q
4 0 R
2. in th ti im nm ngoi qu cu, cch mt cu mt khong l a (x = R + a):

V=
q
4 0 (R + a )
1-29. Tnh in th ti mt im trn trc ca mt a trn mang in tch u v cch tm

a mt khong h. a c bn knh R, mt in mt .
Gii:
Chia a thnh nhng phn t hnh vnh khn bn knh x, b rng dx. Phn t vnh khn
mang in tch dq = .dS = .2xdx . Theo bi 1-25, in th do hnh vnh khn gy l:
dq
dV =
4 0 x 2 + h 2
2xdx
4 0 x 2 + h 2
xdx
2 0 x 2 + h 2
in th do c a gy ra:
R
V = dV =
0
Vy: V =
2 0
xdx
2 0 x 2 + h 2
(R
+ h2 h
=2
t = x +h2
4 0
R2 +h2
R 2 + h2
dt
=
2 t
t 4 0
h2
[ ]
1-30. Khong cch gia hai bn t in l d = 5cm, cng in trng gia hai bn
khng i v bng 6.104V/m. Mt electron bay dc theo ng sc ca in trng t
bn ny sang bn kia ca t in vi vn tc ban u bng khng. Tm vn tc ca
electron khi n bay ti bn th hai ca t in. Gi thit b qua nh hng ca trng
trng.
Gii:
Cng ca lc in trng gia tc cho electron l: A = eU = eEd.
Mt khc:
A=
v2 =
1
1
1
mv 22 mv12 = mv 22
2
2
2
(do v1 = 0)
2A
2eEd
2.1,6.10 19.6.10 4.5.10 2
=
=
3,26.107 (m / s )
31
m
m
9,1.10
1-31. Cho hai mt phng song song v hn mang in u, mt bng nhau v tri du,
t cch nhau 5mm. Cng in trng gia chng l 104V/m. Tnh hiu in th
gia hai mt phng v mt in mt ca chng.
Gii:
Hiu in th gia hai bn:
U = Ed = 10 4.5.103 = 50(V )
Ta li c, cng in trng gia hai mt phng song song v hn tch in u l:

E=
= 0 E = 1.8,86.10 12.104 = 8,86.10 8 C / m 2
1-32. Ti hai nh C, D ca mt hnh ch nht ABCD (c cc cnh AB = 4m, BC = 3m)

ngi ta t hai in tch im q1 = -3.10-8C (ti C) v q2 = 3.10-8C (ti D). Tnh hiu
in th gia A v B.
Gii:
Trong hnh ch nht ABCD c AB = 4m, BC = 3m, nn:
AC = BD =
AB 2 + BC 2 = 4 2 + 32 = 5(m )
in th ti A v B l tng in th do hai in th gy ra ti :
VA =
VB =
q1
q2
3.10 8
3.10 8
+
=
+
36(V )
4 0 . AC 4 0 . AD 4. .8,86.10 12.5 4 .8,86.10 12.3
q1
4 0 .BC
q2
3.108
3.10 8
=
+
36(V )
4 0 .BD 4. .8,86.10 12.3 4 .8,86.10 12.5
Vy: U = VA VB = 72(V )
1-33. Tnh cng ca lc in trng khi chuyn dch in tch q = 10-9C t im C n im
D nu a = 6cm, Q1 = (10/3).10-9C, Q2 = -2.10-9C (Hnh 1-4).
D
a
A
Q1
C
q
B
Q2
Hnh 1-4
Gii:
in th ti C v D bng tng in th do Q1 v Q2 gy ra:
VC =
Q1
Q2
+
4 0 . AC 4 0 .BC
(10 / 3).10 9 2.10 9

1
200(V )
=
+
4 .1.8,86.10 12 6.10 2
6.10 2
VD =
Q1
Q2
+
4 0 . AD 4 0 .BD
(10 / 3).10 9
1
2.10 9
141(V )
=
+
4 .1.8,86.10 12 6. 2 .10 2 6. 2 .10 2
Cng ca lc in trng khi dch chuyn in tch q t C n D l:

A = q (VC VD ) = 10 9 (200 141) = 0,59.107 ( J )
1-34. Gia hai mt phng song song v hn mang in u mt bng nhau nhng tri
du, cch nhau mt khong d = 1cm t nm ngang, c mt ht mang in khi lng
m = 5.10-14kg. Khi khng c in trng, do sc cn ca khng kh, ht ri vi vn
tc khng i v1. Khi gia hai mt phng ny c hiu in th U = 600V th ht ri
chm i vi vn tc v2 =
v1
. Tm in tch ca ht.
2
Gii:
Sc cn ca khng kh t l vi vn tc chuyn ng ca ht trong khng kh: Fc = kv.
+ Khi khng c in trng:
mg = kv1
+ Khi c in trng c cng E hng ln trn:

mg Eq = kv2
T , ta rt ra:
v
mg
= 1
mg Eq v 2
mgv 2 = mgv1 Eqv1
q=
mg( v1 v 2 ) mgd v 2
1
=
Ev1
U v1
q=
5.10 14.9,81.10 2
(1 0,5) 4,1.10 18 (C)
600
1-35. C mt in tch im q t ti tm O ca hai ng trn ng tm bn knh r v R.

Qua tm O ta v mt ng thng ct hai ng trn ti cc im A, B, C, D.
1. Tnh cng ca lc in trng khi dch chuyn mt in tch q0 t B n C v t A n
D.
2. So snh cng ca lc tnh in khi dch chuyn t A n C v t D n B.
O
q
A B
Hnh 1-5
Gii:
Ta d dng nhn thy:
VB = VC =
q
4 0 r
VA = VD =
q
4 0 R
1. Cng ca lc in trng khi dch chuyn in tch q0 t B n C v t A n D l bng

khng:
ABC = q0 (VB VC ) = 0;
AAD = q0 (VA VD ) = 0
2. Cng ca lc tnh in khi dch chuyn t A n C v t D n B c cng ln:

AAC = q0 (VA VC ) = q0 (VD VB ) = ADB
1-36. Mt ht bi ri t mt v tr cch u hai bn ca mt t in phng. T in c t

thng ng. Do sc cn ca khng kh, vn tc ca ht bi khng i v bng v1 =
2cm/s. Hi trong thi gian bao lu, sau khi t mt hiu in th U = 300V vo hai
bn ca t in, th ht bi p vo mt trong hai bn . Cho bit khong cch gia
hai bn l d = 2cm, khi lng ht bi m = 2.10-9g, in tch ca ht bi q = 6,5.1017
C.
Gii:
Lc cn ca khng kh t l vi vn tc ca ht bi: Fc = kv.
+ Theo phng thng ng, ht bi c vn tc n nh v1:
mg = kv1
k=
mg
v1
+ Gi s theo phng ngang, ht bi c vn tc n nh v2:

Eq =
Uq
Uq Uqv1
= kv2 v2 =
=
d
kd mgd
+ Coi khong thi gian ht bi c gia tc n vn tc n nh v2 l rt ngn. Khi thi

gian ht bi ti c mt bn t l:
d
mgd 2
2.10 12.9,81. 2.10 2
t=
=
=
10(s )
2v2 2Uqv1 2.300.6,5.10 17.2.10 2
1-37. Cho hai mt tr ng trc mang in u bng nhau v tri du c bn knh ln lt l

3cm v 10 cm, hiu in th gia chng l 50V. Tnh mt in di trn mi mt tr
v cng in trng ti im bng trung bnh cng ca hai bn knh.
Gii:
Hiu in th gia hai mt tr ng trc c tnh theo cng thc:
R2
V1 V2 = Edr =
R1
ln 2
2 0 R 1
2 0 (V1 V2 )
R
ln 2
R1
2. .1.8,86.10 12.50
0,23.10 8 (C / m )
10
ln
3
Cng in trng gia hai mt tr ch do mt tr trong gy ra:
0,23.10 8
E=
=
635(V / m )
2 0 rtb 2 .1.8,86.10 12.6,5.10 2
1-38. Cho mt qu cu tch in u vi mt in khi ,bn knh a. Tnh hiu in th

gia hai im cch tm ln lt l a/2 v a.
Gii:
Xt mt Gaox ng tm vi khi cu bn knh r (r < a). Do tnh i xng nn in trng
trn mt ny l nh nhau v vung gc vi mt cu. Theo nh l Otstrogratxki-Gaox:
E.4r 2 =
q
0
.
=
4 3
r
3
E=
r
3 0
T , ta c:
a
Va / 2 Va =
Edr =
a/2
r
r2 a
3a 2 a 2
dr
=
=
=
.
a / 2 3 0
3 0 2 a / 2 3 0 8
8 0
a
1-39. Ngi ta t mt hiu in th U = 450V gia hai hnh tr di ng trc bng kim
loi mng bn knh r1 = 3cm, r2 = 10cm. Tnh:
1. in tch trn mt n v chiu di ca hnh tr.
2. Mt in mt trn mi hnh tr.
3. Cng in trng gn st mt hnh tr trong, trung im ca khong cch gia
hai hnh tr v gn st mt hnh tr ngoi.
Gii:
1. Hiu in th gia hai hnh tr c tnh theo cng thc:
U=
R
ln 2
2 0 R1
2. in tch trn cc mt tr:

1 =
2 0U
2. .1.8,86.1012.450
=
0,207.10 7 (C / m )
ln (R2 / R1 )
ln (10 / 3)
q = L = .S = .2r.L
0,207.10 7
=
1,1.10 7 (C / m 2 ) ;
2
2r1 2 .3.10
2 =
2r
0,207.107
=
3,3.10 8` (C / m 2 )
2
2r2 2 .10.10
3. Cng in trng gia hai bn ch do hnh tr bn trong gy ra:

E=
U
=
2 0 r r ln (R2 / R1 )
+ gn st mt tr trong:
E=
450
12500(V / m )
3.10 . ln (10 / 3)
+ chnh gia hai mt tr:
E=
450
5750(V / m )
6,5.10 . ln (10 / 3)
+ gn st mt tr ngoi:
E=
450
3750(V / m )
0,1. ln (10 / 3)
Chng 2: Vt dn T in
2-1. Cho hai mt cu kim loi ng tm bn knh R1 = 4cm, R2 = 2cm mang in tch
Q1 = -(2/3).10-9 C, Q2 = 3.10-9C. Tnh cng in trng v in th ti nhng im
cch tm mt cu nhng khong bng 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm.
Gii:
Cng in trng bn trong mt cu kim loi tch in q bng khng cn bn ngoi
ging nh cng in trng do mt in tch im q t ti tm cu gy ra:
Etrong = 0;
Engoai =
q
4 0 r 2
in th bn trong mt cu bng nhau ti mi im cn bn ngoi c in th ging nh

in th do mt in tch im q t ti tm cu gy ra (xem bi 1-28):
Vtrong =
q
4 0 R
Vngoai =
q
4 0 r
S dng nh l chng cht in trng v in th, chng ta tnh c cng in

trng ti cc im cn xt:
r
1cm
2cm
3cm
4cm
5cm
E1 (V/m)
-3742
-2395
E2 (V/m)
67362
29938
16841
10778
E (V/m)
67362
29938
13099
8383
1cm
2cm
3cm
4cm
5cm
V1 (V)
-150
-150
-150
-150
-120
V2 (V)
1350
1350
900
675
540
V (V)
1200
1200
750
525
420
E1, V1; E2, V2 th t l in trng v in th gy ra do cc in tch th nht v th 2.

2-2. Mt qu cu kim loi bn knh 10cm, in th 300V. Tnh mt in mt ca qu cu.
Gii:
in th ca qu cu kim loi bn knh R c tnh theo cng thc:
V=
vi:
q
4 0 R
q = S = .4R 2
V=
.4R 2 R
=
4 0 R 0
0 V 1.8,86.10 12.300
=
2,66.10 8 C / m 2
R
0,1
2-3. Hai qu cu kim loi bn knh r bng nhau v bng 2,5cm t cch nhau 1m, in th
ca mt qu cu l 1200V, ca qu cu kia l -1200V. Tnh in tch ca mi qu cu.
Gii:
p dng nguyn l cng in th, ta c:
V1 = V11 + V21 =
V2 = V21 + V22 =
q1
4 0 r
q2
4 0 (a r )
q1
q2
+
4 0 (a r ) 4 0 r
Gii h phng trnh vi cc gi tr a = 0,025 m, r = 1 m,
1
4 o
9.10 9 ta nhn c:
q1=3,42.10-9C; q2=-3,42.10-9C
2-4. Hai qu cu kim loi c bn knh v khi lng nh nhau: R = 1cm, m = 4.10-5kg c
treo u hai si dy c chiu di bng nhau sao cho mt ngoi ca chng tip xc vi
nhau. Sau khi truyn in tch cho cc qu cu, chng y nhau v cc dy treo lch mt
gc no so vi phng thng ng. Sc cng ca si dy khi l T = 4,9.10-4N.
Tnh in th ca cc qu cu mang in ny bit rng khong cch t im treo n

tm qu cu l l = 10cm. Cc qu cu t trong khng kh.
Gii:
T
2
F
Sau khi truyn in tch cho hai qu cu, chng s nhn c in tch q nh nhau no .
T hnh v, ta c:
P mg 4.10 5.9,8
cos = =
=
= 0,8
T
T
4,9.10 4
36,90
Khong cch gia hai qu cu l:
x = 2l sin = 2.0,1.sin 36,90 = 0,12(m ) = 12(cm )
Mt khc:
F = T . sin =
q2
4 0 x
q = 4 0Tx 2 sin
q = 4. .1.8,86.10 12.4,9.10 4.(0,12) . sin (36,9 0 ) 2,1.10 8 (C )

2
Gi s q > 0 q = 2,1.10 8 (C ) . Khi :
V1 = V11 + V12 =
V1
q
4 0 R
q
q.x
=
4 0 (x R ) 4 0 R (x R )
2,1.10 8.0,12
=
21300(V )
4. .1.8,86.10 12.10 2.11.10 2
Tng t, ta cng c: V2 = 21300 (V).
2-5. Hai qu cu kim loi bn knh 8cm v 5cm ni vi nhau bng mt si dy dn c in

dung khng ng k, v c tch mt in lng Q = 13.10-8C. Tnh in th v in
tch ca mi qu cu.
Gii:
V hai qu cu c ni vi nhau bng mt si dy dn in nn chng c cng in th V:
q1 = C1V = 4 0 r1V ;
Mt khc:
q2 = C2V = 4 0 r2V
Q = q1 + q2 = 4 0 (r1 + r2 )V
V=
Q
13.10 8
=
9000(V )
4 0 (r1 + r2 ) 4 .1.8,86.1012.(8 + 5).10 2
q1 =
Q.r1
13.10 8.8
=
= 8.10 8 (C );
r1 + r2
5+8
q2 =
Qr2
13.10 8.5
=
= 5.10 8 (C )
r1 + r2
5+8
2-6. Ti tm ca qu cu rng c lp bng kim loi c t mt in tch q. Hi khi treo mt

in tch q ngoi qu cu th n c b lch i khng? Cng cu hi trong trng
hp ta ni qu cu vi t.
Gii:
Do hin tng hng ng in, nn trn qu cu xut hin cc in tch: in tch q1 cng
du vi q xut hin trn phn mt cu gn in tch q v in tch q2 tri du q xut hin trn
phn mt cu bn kia. Do qu cu trung ho in nn ln ca cc in tch ny l nh
nhau. Nhng do khong cch t q n q1 nh hn ti q2 nn lc ht c ln mnh hn lc
y. V vy, q b ht li gn qu cu.
Nu qu cu c ni vi t, in th trn mt cu tr thnh bng 0. Do q gy ra mt
in th V trn mt cu nn trn mt cu phi c mt in tch q3 tri du vi q in th
tng cng trn mt cu bng 0. Do , khi qu cu c ni t, q cng b ht li gn qu
cu.
2-7. Trc mt tm kim loi ni vi t, ngi ta t mt in tch q cch tm kim loi mt

on a. Tnh mt in tch mt trn tm kim loi ti im:
1. Cch q mt on bng a.
2. Cch q mt on bng r (r > a).
Gii:
E1
E2
Do tnh cht ca kim loi, khi t trc tm kim loi mt in tch q, trn mt tm s xut
hin cc in tch cm ng sao cho in trng bn trong tm kim loi bng 0. Xt ti
mt im cch q mt khong r nm trn mt tm.
+ in trng E1 do q gy ra ti A:
E1 =
q
4 0 r 2
+ trit tiu thnh phn vung gc vi tm ca E1, cc in tch cm ng ti A to ra

in trng E2:
E2 = E1.sin =
q
4 0 r
a
r
Dng mt Gaox dng hnh tr thit din S c trc vung gc vi mt tm xc nh E2:
E 2 .2S =
Vy: =
E2 =
0
2 0
aq
2r 3
Vi im cch in tch q mt khong a:

max =
q
2a 2
2-8. Mt qu cu kim loi bn knh R = 1m mang in tch q = 10-6C. Tnh:

1. in dung ca qu cu.
2. in th ca qu cu.
3. Nng lng trng tnh in ca qu cu.
Gii:
in dung ca qu cu:
C = 4 0 R = 4. .1.8,86.10 12.1 1,1.10 10 (F )
in th ca qu cu:
q = CV
q
10 6
V = =
9.103 (V )
10
C 1,1.10
Nng lng tnh in ca qu cu:
CV 2 1,1.10 10. 9.103

W=
=
2
2
4,5.10 3 ( J )
2-9. Tnh in dung ca Tri t, bit bn knh Tri t l R = 6400km. Tnh bin thin
in th ca Tri t nu tch thm cho n 1C.
Gii:
in dung ca Tri t l:
C = 4 0 R = 4 .1.8,86.10 12.6,4.106 7,1.10 4 (F )
Ta c:
Q = CV
V =
Q
C
V =
Q
1
=
1400(V )
C
7,1.10 4
2-10. Cho mt t in hnh tr bn knh hai bn l r = 1,5cm, R = 3,5cm. Hiu in th gia

hai bn l U0 = 2300V. Tnh vn tc ca mt electron chuyn ng theo ng sc in
trng t khong cch 2,5cm n 3cm nu vn tc ban u ca n bng khng.
Gii:
Cng ca lc in trng d chuyn thnh ng nng ca electron:
A=
Ta c:
mv 2
2
dA = qdU = qEdx
vi E =
U0
(Xem bi 1-39)
x. ln (R / r )
l2
qU 0
qU 0 . ln (l2 / l1 ) mv 2
A=
dx =
=
x ln (R / r )
ln (R / r )
2
l1
v=
2qU 0 ln (l2 / l1 )
=
m ln (R / r )
2.1,6.1019.2300. ln (3 / 2,5)
1,3.107 (m / s )
31
9,1.10 . ln (3,5 / 1,5)
2-11. Cho mt t in cu bn knh hai bn l r = 1cm v R = 4cm, hiu in th gia hai

bn l 3000V. Tnh cng in trng mt im cch tm t in 3cm.
Gii:
in trng sinh ra gia hai bn t ch do bn t trong gy ra:
Mt khc:
E=
q = CU =
E=
q
4 0 x 2
4 0 rR
U
(R r )
4 0 rR
UrR
3000.10 2.4.10 2
U= 2
=
4,45.10 4 (V / m )
2
2
4 0 x (R r )
x (R r )
3.10 .3.10
1
.
2
2-12. Cho mt t in cu bn knh hai bn l R1 = 1cm, R2 = 3cm, hiu in th gia hai

bn l U = 2300V. Tnh vn tc ca mt electron chuyn ng theo ng sc in
trng t im cch tm mt khong r1 = 3cm n im cch tm mt khong r2 = 2cm.
Gii:
Cng ca lc in trng d chuyn thnh ng nng ca electron:
A=
Ta c:
mv 2
2
dA = qdU = qEdx
vi E =
U 0 R1R2
(Xem bi 2-11)
x (R2 R1 )
2
r2
qU 0 R 1 R 2
qU 0 R 1R 2 1 1 mv 2
A = 2
dx =
. =
(R 2 R 1 ) r2 r1 2
x (R 2 R 1 )
r
1
v=
2qU 0 R 1 R 2 r1 r2
.
m(R 2 R 1 ) r1r2
2.1,6.10 19.2300.10 2.3.10 2.10 2

v=
1,42.107 (m / s )
31
2
2
2
9,1.10 .2.10 .3.10 .2.10
2-13. Hai qu cu mang in nh nhau, mi qu nng P = 0,2N c t cch nhau mt

khong no . Tm in tch ca cc qu cu bit rng khong cch , nng lng
tng tc tnh in ln hn nng lng tng tc hp dn mt triu ln.
Gii:
q2
Nng lng tng tc tnh in gia hai qu cu l:
W1 =
Nng lng tng tc hp dn l:
Gm1m2 G.P 2
W2 =
=
(m1=m2)
r
r .g 2
4 0 r
Theo u bi, ta c:
k=
q=
W1
q2
rg 2
q2 g 2
=
.
=
W2 4 0 r GP 2 4 0GP 2
4 0 kGP 2
=
g2
4 .1.8,86.1012.106.6,67.10 11.0,04
1,76.10 9 (C )
2
9,81
2-14. Tnh in dung tng ng ca h cc t in C1, C2, C3. Cho bit in dung ca mi
t in bng 0,5F trong hai trng hp: 1) Mc theo hnh 2-3; 2) Mc theo hnh 2-4.
D
C2
C1
C1
D
C3
C3
C2
Hnh 2-3
Hnh 2-4
Gii:
+ in dung tng ng ca h hai t in mc ni tip: C =
C1C2
C1 + C2
+ in dung tng ng ca h hai t in mc song song: C = C1 + C2

1. Hnh 2-3: (C1 nt C2) // C3
C=
C1C2
0,5.0,5
+ C3 =
+ 0,5 = 0,75(F )
C1 + C2
0,5 + 0,5
2. Hnh 2-4: (C1 // C2) nt C3
C=
(C1 + C2 )C3
(0,5 + 0,5)0,5
=
0,33(F )
(C1 + C2 ) + C3 (0,5 + 0,5) + 0,5
2-15. Hiu in th gia hai im A v B bng 6V (Hnh 2-5). in dung ca t in th

nht C1 = 2 F v ca t in th hai C2 = 4F. Tnh hiu in th v in tch trn cc
bn t in.
A
D
C1
B
C2
Hnh 2-5
Gii:
Gi q l in tch trn cc t in, ta c:
q = CU =
C1C2
U
C1 + C2
Mt khc:
q = C1U1;
C1 U 1 =
U1 =
Tng t:
q2 = C2U 2
C1C 2
U
C1 + C 2
C2 U
4.6
=
= 4(V )
C1 + C 2 2 + 4
C1U
2 .6
=
= 2(V )
C1 + C2 2 + 4
U2 =
Khi , ta c: q = C1U1 = 2.106.4 = 8.106 (C )

2-16. Tnh in dung tng ng ca hai h cc t in C1, C2, C3, C4 mc theo hnh 2-6 v
2-7, chng minh rng iu kin hai in dung tng ng bng nhau l:
C1 C3
=
C2 C4
Gii:
Trong cch mc th 1: (C1 // C3) nt (C2 // C4)
(C1 + C3 )(C2 + C4 )
C '1 =
C1 + C2 + C3 + C4
Trong cch mc th hai: (C1 nt C2) // (C3 + C4)
C '2 =
C1C2
CC
+ 3 4
C1 + C2 C3 + C4
hai in dung tng ng bng nhau:

C '1 = C '2
t k1 =
(C1 + C3 )(C2 + C4 ) =
C1 + C2 + C3 + C4
C1C2
CC
+ 3 4
C1 + C2 C3 + C4
C1
C
; k2 = 3 , ta c:
C2
C4
(k1C2 + k2C4 )(C2 + C4 ) = k1C22 + k2C42

(k1 + 1)C2 + (k2 + 1)C4 (k1 + 1)C2 (k2 + 1)C4
k1
k
C2 + 2 C4
k1 + 1
k2 + 1
k +1
k +1
k 1C 22 + (k 1 + k 2 )C 2 C 4 + k 2 C 24 = k 1C 22 + 2
k1 + 1
k 2 C 2 C 4 + k 2 C 24
k2 +1
k1 + 1
k1
k 12 + k 1 = k 22 + k 2
k1 = k 2
C1 C3
=
C2 C4
k2 +1
k +1
k1 = 1
k2 k2
k1 + 1
k2 +1
k1 k 2
k k2
k1 = 1
k2
k2 +1
k1 + 1
(k 1 k 2 )(k 1 + k 2 + 1) = 0
(do k 1 > 0, k 2 > 0)
2-17. Mt t in c in dung C1 = 20F, hiu in th gia hai bn t in U1 = 100V.

Ngi ta ni song song vi n mt t in th hai c hiu in th trn hai bn l U2 =
40 V. Xc nh in dung ca t in th hai (C2) bit hiu in th sau khi ni l U =
80V (hai bn ni vi nhau c in tch cng du).
Gii:
in tch trn cc t in trc khi ni vi nhau l:
q1 = C1U1;
q2 = C2U 2
Do cc bn ni vi nhau c in tch cng du nn tng in tch trn cc t in sau khi ni

l:
q = q1 + q2 = C1U1 + C2U 2 = (C1 + C2 )U
C1 (U1 U ) = C 2 (U U 2 )
C2 =
U1 U
100 80
C1 =
20 = 10(F)
U U2
80 40
2-18. Mt t in c in dung C = 2F c tch mt in lng q = 10-3C. Sau , cc

bn ca t in c ni vi nhau bng mt dy dn. Tm nhit lng to ra trong dy
dn khi t in phng in v hiu in th gia hai bn ca t in trc khi phng
in.
Gii:
Hiu in th gia hai bn ca t in trc khi phng in:
U=
q
10 3
=
= 500(V )
C 2.10 6
Nhit lng to ra trong dy dn khi t in phng in chnh l nng lng ca t in

ban u:
( )
q2
10 3
Q =W =
=
= 0,25( J )
2C 2.2.10 6
2-19. Xc nh nhit lng to ra khi ni cc bn pha trn (bn khng ni t) ca hai t

in bng mt dy dn (hnh 2-8). Hiu in th gia cc bn pha trn ca t in v
t ln lt bng U1 = 100V v U2 = -50V, in dung ca cc t in bng C1 = 2F;
C2 = 0,5F.
Gii:
M
U2
U1
C1
C2
O
Hnh 2-8
Trc khi ni cc t in, in tch trn cc bn t pha trn l:

q1 = C1U1;
q2 = C2U 2
Sau khi ni cc t in, tng in tch trn cc bn t l:

q = q1 + q2 = C1U1 + C2U 2 = (C1 + C2 )U
U=
C1U1 + C2U 2
C1 + C2
Nng lng ca cc t in trc khi ni l:

W1 =
C1U12 C2U 22
+
2
2
v sau khi ni l:
W2 =
(C1 + C2 )U 2 = (C1U1 + C2U 2 )2

2
2(C1 + C2 )
Nhit lng to ra ng bng thay i nng lng cc t in:
C1 U12 C 2 U 22 (C1 U1 + C 2 U 2 )
C C (U U 2 )
+
= 1 2 1
2
2
2(C1 + C 2 )
2(C1 + C 2 )
2
Q = W1 W2 =
2.10 6.0,5.10 6.(100 ( 50))

Q=
= 4,5.103 (J )
6
6
2(2.10 + 0,5.10 )
2
Chng 3: in mi
3-1. Xc nh mt in tch lin kt trn mt mt tm mica dy 0,02cm t vo gia v p
vo hai bn ca mt t in phng c tch n hiu in th U = 400V.
Gii:
Ta c: = Pn trong Pn = Dn 0 En .
Trong khong khng gian gia hai bn t in phng, in trng l u v vung gc vi
hai bn t. Ta c:
En = E =
U
;
d
Dn = D = 0 E
= D 0 E = ( 1) 0 E = ( 1) 0
= (7,5 1)8,86.10 12
U
d
400
= 1,15.10 4 (C / m 2 )
4
2.10
3-2. Bn trong mt lp in mi ng cht hng s in mi l , c mt in trng u E.

Ngi ta khot mt l hng hnh cu bn trong lp in mi y. Hdy tm cng in
trng E ti tm l hng do cc in tch cm ng trn mt lp in mi to thnh l
hng gy ra.
Gii:

E
Mt in tch trn mt phn t din tch mt dSl:

= Pn = ( 1) 0 En = ( 1) 0 E. cos =
( 1) 0 Eh
R
vi l gc gia php tuyn ca dS v vct phn cc in mi P .

Chia mt cu thnh cc vng c dy dh rt nh. Vng c in tch tng cng:
dQ = .dS =
2r.dh
= 2R.dh
sin
S dng tnh ton ca bi 1-14, in trng do vng gy ra ti O cng phng vi E v

ln bng:
dEh =
4 0 r 2 + h 2
dE h =
h
4 0 R
E = dE h
E=
E=
3/ 2
.dQ
.2 .( 1) 0 Eh.dh =
( 1)E
=
2R
( 1)E h 2 dh
2R 3
h dh
2
( 1)E h3
2R
R
3 R

( 1)E
3
3-3. Mt t in phng c cha in mi ( = 6) khong cch gia hai bn l 0,4cm, hiu

in th gia hai bn l 1200V. Tnh:
1. Cng in trng trong cht in mi.
2. Mt in mt trn hai bn t in.
3. Mt in mt trn cht in mi.
Gii:
1. Cng in trng trong cht in mi:
E=
U
1200
=
= 3.105 (V / m )
3
d 4.10
2. Mt in mt trn hai bn t in
E=
= 0 E = 6.8,86.10 12.3.105 1,59.10 5 (C / m 2 )

0
3. Mt in mt trn cht in mi:

' = ( 1) 0 E = 5.8,86.10 12.3.105 1,33.10 5 (C / m 2 )
3-4. Cho mt t in phng, mi trng gia hai bn ban u l khng kh (1 = 1), din tch
mi bn l 0,01m2, khong cch gia hai bn l 0,5cm, hai bn c ni vi hiu in
th 300V. Sau b ngun i ri lp y khong khng gian gia hai bn bng cht
in mi c 2 = 3.
1. Tnh hiu in th gia hai bn t in sau khi lp y in mi.
2. Tnh in tch trn mi bn.
Gii:
in dung ca t in c xc nh theo cng thc:
C=
0 S
d
Q = C1U1 =
1 0 S
d
U1 =
1.8,86.10 12.10 2
.300 5,3.10 9 (C )
2
0,5.10
Mt khc, in tch ny sau khi lp t khng i nn:

Q = C2U 2 U 2 =
Q 1 0 SU1 d
U 1.300
=
.
= 1 1=
= 100(V )
C2
d
2 0 S
2
3
3-5. Cho mt t in phng, khong cch gia hai bn l 0,01m. Gia hai bn y du c
hng s in mi = 4,5. Hi cn phi t vo cc bn mt hiu in th bng bao
nhiu mt in tch lin kt trn du bng 6,2.10-10C/cm2.
Gii:
Mt in tch lin kt:
' = ( 1) 0 E = ( 1) 0
U=
U
d
d '
0,01.6,2.10 6
=
2000(V )
( 1) 0 3,5.8,86.1012
3-6. Gia hai bn ca mt t in phng, c mt bn thu tinh ( = 6). Din tch mi bn t

in bng 100cm2. Cc bn t in ht nhau vi mt lc bng 4,9.10-3N. Tnh mt
in tch lin kt trn mt thu tinh.
Gii:
Gi lc tng tc gia hai bn t in l F. Cng dch chuyn hai bn t in li st nhau
v tr s ng bng nng lng ca t in:
Fd =
Q2 2S 2 d
=
.
2C
2 0 S
2 0 F
S
Mt khc, ta li c:
= 0 E;
' = ( 1) 0 E
1
1 2 0 F 5 2.6.8,86.1012.4,9.10 3
=
6.10 6 (C / m 2 )
'=
=
2
S
6
10
3-7. Mt t in cu c mt na cha in mi ng cht vi hng s in mi = 7, na

cn li l khng kh. Bn knh cc bn l r = 5cm v R = 6cm (hnh 3-2). Xc nh in
dung C ca t in. B qua cong ca nhng ng sc in trng ti mt gii hn
cht in mi.
Hnh3-2
Gii:
Coi t in nh mt h hai t in mc song song m mi t in c cc bn l na mt
cu. in dung ca mi t c tnh theo cng thc:
C=
2 0 Rr
Rr
in dung ca h l:
C = C1 + C 2 =
2 0 Rr 2 0 Rr 2 ( + 1) 0 Rr
+
=
Rr
Rr
Rr
2 .(7 + 1).8,86.10 12.6.10 2.5.10 2

1,34.10 10 (F)
C=
2
10
3-8. Trong mt t in phng c khong cch gia cc bn l d, ngi ta t mt tm in
mi dy d1 < d song song vi cc bn t in. Xc nh in dung ca t in trn. Cho
bit hng s in mi ca tm in mi l , din tch ca tm bng din tch cc bn
ca t in v bng S.
Gii:
Coi t in nh ba t in mc ni tip vi cc in dung:
C1 =
0 S
d1
C2 =
0S
d2
C3 =
0S
d3
vi d2 v d3 l khong cch gia cc mt ca tm in mi v cc bn t in.

in dung ton phn ca t in xc nh theo cng thc:
1 1
1
1
1 d1
1 d1
=
+
+
=
+ d 2 + d3 =
+ d d1
C C1 C2 C3 0 S
0S
C=
0 S
d + (1 )d1
3-9. Hai t in phng, mi ci c in dung C = 10-6 F c mc ni tip vi nhau. Tm s

thay i in dung ca h nu lp y mt trong hai t in bng mt cht in mi c
hng s in mi = 2.
Gii:
in dung ca h trc khi lp l:
C1 =
C.C
C
=
C +C 2
in dung ca t in b lp y s tng ln ln. in dung ca h khi l:

C2 =
C.(C )
.C
=
C + (C ) + 1
thay i in dung ca h l:
C = C2 C1 =
.C C
1
2 1
=
C=
.10 6 1,7.10 7 (F )
2(2 + 1)
+ 1 2 2( + 1)
3-10. Mt in tch q c phn b u trong khp th tch ca mt qu cu bn knh R.

Cho hng s in mi ca mi trng bn trong cng nh bn ngoi ca qu cu u
bng . Tnh:
1. Nng lng in trng bn trong qu cu.
2. Nng lng in trng bn ngoi qu cu.
3. Khi chia i qu cu thnh hai na qu cu bng nhau, nng lng in trng thay i
th no?
Gii:
Xt mt Gaox ng tm vi qu cu c bn knh r. Do tnh i xng nn in trng trn
mt cu c ln nh nhau v vung gc vi mt cu.
+ Vi r < R: E.4r 2 =
+ Vi r > R: E.4r 2 =
qr
0
q
q
r
qr
.(4 / 3) .r 3
.
E =
=
3
0
(4 / 3)R 3 0 4 0 R 3
E =
q
4 0 r 2
Mt nng lng ca in trng l:
1
w = 0 E 2
2
+ Nng lng bn trong qu cu l:

2
R
qr
1
q2
q2 r 5
2
4
W1 = 0 .
.
4
r
dr
=
r
dr
=
3
2
8 0 R 6 0
8 0 R 6 5
4 0 R
0
R
R
=
0
q2
40 0 R
+ Nng lng bn ngoi qu cu l:

2
1
q
q2
1
q2
2
W2 = 0 .
.
4
r
dr
=
dr
=
2
2
8 0 R r 2
8 0
4 0 r
R
1
r
=
R
q2
8 0 R
+ Khi chia i qu cu, cc bn cu s y nhau ra v chuyn v trng thi c mc nng

lng thp hn.
3-11. Vct cm ng in D qua mt phn cch gia hai cht in mi khc nhau, s i
hng (hnh 3-3). Tm quy lut ca s i hng .
N
D1
1
p
O
2 D
2
Hnh 3-3
Gii:
Chia vct cm ng in thnh hai thnh phn: thnh phn hng dc theo php tuyn
Dn v thnh phn hng dc theo mt ngn cch gia hai mi trng Dt .
+ Xt thnh phn php tuyn Dn : Do cc in tch cm ng xut hin ti mt ngn cch

gia hai mi trng, nn thnh phn php tuyn ca vect cng in trng thay i
theo biu thc:
En1 2
= Dn1 = 1 0 En1 = 2 0 En 2 = Dn 2
En 2 1
+ Xt thnh phn tip tuyn Dt : Do theo phng ngang, in trng khng b nh hng
bi cc in tch cm ng, nn:
Et1 = Et 2
Dt1
1 0
Dt 2
2 0
Dt1 1
=
Dt 2 2
Khi ta c:
tg1 Dt1 Dn 2 1
=
.
=
tg 2 Dn1 Dt 2 2
Chng4: T trng
4-1. Tnh cng t trng ca mt dng in thng di v hn ti mt im cch dng

in 2cm. Bit cng dng in I = 5A.
Gii:
S dng cng thc cng t trng cho dng in thng di v hn:
H=
I
2r
5
39,8( A / m )
2 .2.10 2
4-2. Hai dng in thng di v hn, c cng dng in I1 = I2 = 5A, c t vung

gc vi nhau v cch nhau mt on AB = 2cm. Chiu cc dng in nh hnh v 4-7.
Xc nh vect cng t trng ti im M nm trong mt phng cha I1 v vung
gc vi I2, cch dng in I1 mt on MA = 1cm.
I1
I2
M
Hnh 4-7
Gii:
Dng I1 gy ra ti M t trng H1 hng t pha sau ra pha trc trang giy c ln l:
H1 =
I1
5
=
79,6( A / m )
2 .MA 2 .10 2
Dng I2 gy ra ti M t trng H2 hng t di ln trn c ln l:

H2 =
I2
5
=
26,5( A / m )
2 .MB 2 .3.10 2
Cng t trng tng hp c ln:

H = H12 + H 22 =
(79,6)2 + (26,5)2
84( A / m )
v hng t pha sau ra pha trc trang giy, hp vi H1 gc c:

tg =
H 2 26,5 1
=
= 180 25'
H1 79,6 3
4-3. Hnh 4-8 v mt ct vung gc ca hai dng in thng song song di v hn ngc
chiu nhau. Khong cch gia hai dng in AB = 10cm. Cng ca cc dng in
ln lt bng I1 = 20A, I2 = 30A. Xc nh vect cng t trng tng hp ti cc
im M1, M2, M3. Cho bit M1A = 2cm, AM2 = 4cm, BM3 = 3cm.
I1
M1 A
I2
M2
M3
Hnh 4-8
Gii:
T trng do I1 v I2 gy ra cng chiu ti M2 v ngc chiu ti M1 v M2.
+ Ti M1:
H1 =
I1
I2
20
30
120( A / m )
2
2 . AM 1 2 .BM 1 2 .2.10
2 .12.10 2
H1 c chiu hng t trn xung.

+ Ti M2:
H2 =
I1
I2
20
30
+
=
+
160( A / m )
2
2 . AM 2 2 .BM 2 2 .4.10
2 .6.10 2
H2 c chiu hng t di ln.

+ Ti M3:
H3 =
I2
I1
30
20
135( A / m )
2
2 . AM 3 2 .BM 3 2 .3.10
2 .13.10 2
H3 c chiu hng t di ln.

4-4. Hnh 4-9 biu din tit din ca ba dng in thng song song di v hn. Cng cc
dng in ln lt bng: I1 = I2 = I; I3 = 2I. Bit AB = BC = 5cm. Tm trn on AC
im c cng t trng tng hp bng khng.
I1
I2
I3
Hnh 4-9
Gii:
Xt im M nm trn AC. Gi H1 , H 2 v H 3 l cc cng t trng do I1, I2 v I3 gy
ra ti M. D dng nhn thy chng cng phng cng chiu trn on BC, nn im M c
cng t trng tng hp bng khng ch c th nm trn AB (do ta ch xt M nm trn
AC). t x = AM. Ta c: H 2 ngc chiu vi H1 v H 3 nn:
H = H1 + H 3 H 2 =
I
2 .x
2I
I
+
=0
2 (l1 x) 2 (l2 x)
1
1
2
+
=0
x 5 x 10 x
(x 2 15x + 50) (10x x 2 ) + 2(5x x 2 ) = 0
x (x 5)(x 10 )
50 15x = 0
50
3,3(cm )
x=
15
Vy: im M nm trn AB v cch A mt khong x = 3,3cm.

4-5. Hai dng in thng di v hn t thng gc vi nhau v nm trong cng mt mt
phng (hnh 4-10). Xc nh vect cng t trng tng hp ti cc im M1 v M2,
bit rng:
I1 = 2A; I2 = 3A; AM1 = AM2 = 1cm; BM1 = CM2 = 2cm;
I1
M2
M1
A
I2
Hnh 4-10
Gii:
Cc dng I1 v I2 gy ra ti M1 v M2 cc vect cng t trng hng theo phng
vung gc vi mt phng hnh v, cng chiu ti M2 v ngc chiu ti M1.
+ Ti M1:
H1 =
I1
I2
1 2
3
=
2
8( A / m )
2 . AM 1 2 .BM 1 2 10
2.10 2
Do t trng do dng I1 gy ra mnh hn nn H1 hng theo phng vung gc vi mt

phng hnh v theo chiu hng ra pha sau.
+ Ti M2:
H2 =
I1
I2
1 2
3
+
=
2 +
56( A / m )
2 . AM 2 2 .CM 2 2 10
2.10 2
Vect cng t trng hng theo phng vung gc vi mt phng hnh v theo chiu
hng v pha trc.
4-6. Tm cng t trng gy ra ti im M bi mt on dy dn thng AB c dng in
I = 20A chy qua, bit rng im M nm trn trung trc ca AB, cch AB 5cm v nhn
AB di gc 600.
Gii:
) (
T iu kin ca u bi ta d dng c: = AB, AM = BA, BM = 600

S dng cng thc tnh cng t trng cho dy dn hu hn:
H=
I (cos 1 cos 2 ) 20 cos 600 cos1200

=
31,8( A / m )
4r
4 .5.10 2
(do 1 = ; 2 = 1800 )
4-7. Mt dy dn c un thnh hnh ch nht, c cc cnh a = 16cm, b= 30cm, c dng
in cng I = 6A chy qua. Xc nh vect cng t trng ti tm ca khung
dy.
Gii:
Bn phn dy dn to nn bn canh ca hnh ch nht to ra cc t trng cng phng,
cng chiu vi nhau ti tm ca khung dy. Gi gc = AO, AB , ta c:

H1 =
I (cos1 cos 2 ) I .2 cos

I
b
=
= .
= H3
2
2
a
4r
a
a
+
b
4 .
2
I
a
.
2
b a + b 2
Tng t:
H2 = H4 =
Vy:
H = H1 + H 2 + H 3 + H 4 =
Thay s:
H=
2
2
a b 2I a + b
+
=
ab
a 2 + b2 b a
2I
2.6. (0,16 ) + (0,3)

27,1( A / m )
.0,16.0,3
2
4-8. Mt dy dn c un thnh tam gic u mi cnh a = 50cm. Trong dy dn c dng

in cng I = 3,14A chy qua. Tm cng t trng ti tm ca tam gic .
Gii:
Ta nhn thy mi cnh tam gic to ra ti tm ca tam gic mt t trng cng ln,
cng phng chiu. Gi khong cch t ti tm tam gic ti mt cnh l x, ta d dng c
c:
1a 3 a 3
=
;
3 2
6
x=
cos 1 = cos 2 =
a/2
=
r
a
2 x2 +
a2
4
=
2
a2 a2
+
12 4
1
3
=
2
16
2.
12
)
)
I (cos cos1 ) 3,14.2. 3 / 2

=
3( A / m )
4x
4. . 0,5. 3 / 6
H = 3 H 1 = 9( A / m )
H1 =
4-9. Mt dy dn c un thnh hnh thang cn, c dng in cng I = 6,28A chy qua
(hnh 4-11). T s chiu di hai y bng 2. Tm cm ng t ti im A giao im ca
ng ko di 2 cnh bn. Cho bit: y b ca hnh thang l = 20cm, khong cch t A
ti y b b = 5cm.
E
B
l
C
A
b
Hnh 4-11
Gii:
Theo nh lut Bi-Xava-Laplatx:
0 I.dl r
dB =
.
4
r3
ta thy, in trng do phn t dng in khng gy ra ti im nm trn trc ca n (dB = 0
do dl r = 0 ).
Cc cnh CD v BE khng sinh ra t trng ti A. Cc cnh BC v DE sinh ra ti A cc t
trng hng theo phng vung gc vi mt phng hnh v nhng ngc chiu.
B = B BC B DE =
B=
0 I.(cos1 cos 2 ) 0 I.(cos1 cos 2 )
4 .b
4 .2b
0 I.l 2
I.2 cos 0 I
l/2
=
. 2
=
4 .2b
4b l
4b l 2 + 4b 2
+ b2
4
B=
1.4 .107.6,28.0,2 2
4 .5.10
0,2 + 4.(5.10
2
2 2
2,24.10 6 (T )
4-10. Mt dy dn di v hn c un thnh mt gc vung, trn c dng in 20A chy

qua. Tm:
a) Cng t trng ti im A nm trn mt cnh gc vung v cch nh O mt on
OA = 2cm (hnh 4-12);
b) Cng t trng ti im B nm trn phn gic ca gc vung v cch nh O mt
on OB = 10cm.
Gii:
a) T trng trn trc dy dn bng 0, nn t trng ti A ch do mt cnh gc vung gy
ra:
I . cos 0 cos
2 20.(1 0 )
HA =
=
79,8( A / m )
4R
4 .2.10 2
b) T trng do hai cnh gc vung gy ra ti cng phng, cng chiu:
I cos 0 cos
4
HB =
4R 1
I cos cos
4
+
4R 2
2
20.
20.1 +
2 + 1
2
77,3(A / m )
HB =
+
0,1
0,1
4
4
2
2
4-11. Mt dy dn di v hn c un thnh mt gc 560. Cng dng in chy qua
dy dn I = 30A. Tm cng t trng ti im A nm trn phn gic ca gc v cch
nh gc mt on a = 5cm (hnh 4-13).
Hnh 4-13
Gii:
T trng do hai cnh ca gc nhn gy ra ti A cng phng v cng chiu:
H=
I(cos 0 cos152 0 ) I(cos 28 cos180 0 ) I(1 + cos 28 0 )

+
=
4R
4R
2a. sin 28 0
H=
30(1 + cos 280 )

3,8.10 2 (A / m )
0
2 .0,05. sin 28
4-12. Trn mt dy dn c un thnh mt a gic n cnh u ni tip trong vng trn bn

knh R c mt dng in cng I chy qua. Tm cm ng t B ti tm ca a gic.
T kt qu thu c, xt trng hp n .
Gii:
Gi H0 l cng t trng do mt cnh a gic c dng in cng I chy qua gy ra
ti tm a gic. Do tnh i xng, nn t trng ti tm a gic s bng:
H = nH 0 ,
vi n l s cnh ca a gic.
p dng cng thc tnh cng t trng cho on dy dn thng hu hn, ta thu c:
H0 =
I (cos 1 cos 2 )
4a
trong : a l di cnh a gic.

D thy: a = R cos ; 1 = ; 2 = +
n
Vy:
I cos cos +
I .2 sin
2
n
2
n
=
n = I .tg
H0 =
2R n
4R cos
4R cos
n
n
B = 0 H =
0 nI
tg
2R
n
Khi cho n , ta c:
B = lim
( / n ) 0
0 I tg ( / n ) 0 I
.
=
2R
/n
2R
chnh l cm ng t do dng in trn bn knh R gy ra ti tm O ca vng trn.

4-13. Trn mt vng dy dn bn knh R = 10cm c dng in cng I = 1A chy qua.
Tm cm ng t B:
a) ti tm O ca vng dy;
b) ti mt im trn trc ca vng dy v cch tm O mt on h = 10cm.
Gii:
dB1
A
dB
dB2
h
I
dl
Chia nh vng dy thnh cc on dy dn rt ngn dl. on dy gy ra ti A cm ng t

dB c th phn tch thnh hai thnh phn dB1 v dB2 . Do tnh i xng nn tng tt c cc

vct thnh phn dB1 bng khng. Ta c:
B = dB2 = dB. cos =
=
0 IR
4 R 2 + h 2
3/ 2
.2R =
0 I .dl R 0 IR
. =
dl
4 r 2 r 4r 3
0 IR 2
2 R2 + h2
3/ 2
+ Cm ng t ti tm O (h = 0):
BO =
0 IR 2
2R3
0 I
2R
4. .10 7.1
6,3.10 6 (T )
2.0,1
+ Cm ng t ti im trn trc ca vng dy cch tm O mt on h = 10cm:

BA =
0 IR 2
2
2 R +h
2 3/ 2
4. .10 7.1.0,12
2 3/ 2
2 0,1 + 0,1
2,3.10 6 (T )
4-14. Ngi ta ni hai im A, B ca mt vng dy dn kn hnh trn vi hai cc ca ngun

in. Phng ca cc dy ni i qua tm ca vng dy, chiu di ca chng coi nh ln
v cng (hnh 4-14). Xc nh cng t trng ti tm ca vng dy.
B
N
M E
O
A
Hnh 4-14
Gii:
Ta thy, do cc dy ni hoc l rt xa hoc l nm theo phng i qua tm O nn t
trng tng hp do cc dy ni gy ra ti O l bng khng. Gi H1 v H2 ln lt l t trng
do hai on dy AMB v ANB gy ra ti O. Hai t trng ny cng phng ngc chiu. Do
:
H = H1 H 2 =
=
trong :
I1 l1
I l
l U
l
U
.
2. 2 = 12
22
r 2r r 2r 2r R 1 2r R 2
Ul1
Ul2
US
US
=0
2
2
2r .(l1 / S) 2r .(l 2 / S) 2r
2r 2
2
+ I1, I2 : cng dng in trong AMB v ANB

+ l1, l2: chiu di cc cung AMB v ANB
+ R1, R2: in tr ca cc on dy AMB v ANB
+ r, , S: bn knh, in tr sut v tit din ca vng dy
+ U: hiu in th gia hai im AB.
4-15. Cng t trng ti tm ca mt vng dy dn hnh trn l H khi hiu in th

gia hai u dy l U. Hi nu bn knh vng dy tng gp i m mun gi cho cng
t trng ti tm vng dy khng i th hiu in th gia hai u dy phi thay i
nh th no?
Gii:
Ta c:
H=
vi:
I
1 U
U
US
US
= . =
=
=
2r 2r R 2r.(l / S ) 2r. .2r 4r 2
r, , S l bn knh, in tr sut v tit din ca vng dy.
Vy: Mun cng t trng H khng i khi bn knh vng dy r tng ln 2 ln th hiu
in th gia hai u dy phi tng ln 22 = 4 ln.
4-16. Hai vng dy dn trn c tm trng nhau v c t sao cho trc ca chng vung
gc vi nhau. Bn knh mi vng dy bng R = 2cm. Dng in chy qua chng c
cng I1 = I2 = 5A. Tm cng t trng ti tm ca chng.
Gii:
Do hai vng dy c cng bn knh vng dy, cng cng dng in nn chng gy ra
ti tm O cc t trng c ln nh nhau:
H1 = H 2 =
I
5
=
= 125( A / m )
2 R 2.2.10 2
Do cc vng c t trng tm v vung gc vi nhau nn H1 v H 2 c phng vung gc

vi nhau:

H = H1 + H 2 H = H12 + H 22 = 2 H1 = 2 .125 177( A / m )
4-17. Hai vng dy dn ging nhau bn knh R = 10cm c t song song, trc trng nhau
v mt phng ca chng cch nhau mt on a = 20cm. Tm cm ng t ti tm ca mi
vng dy v ti im gia ca on thng ni tm ca chng trong hai trng hp:
a) Cc dng in chy trn cc vng dy bng nhau (I1 = I2 = 3A) v cng chiu.
b) Cc dng in chy trn cc vng dy bng nhau (I1 = I2 = 3A) nhng ngc chiu.
Gii:
S dng kt qu ca bi 4-13, ta c, cm ng t do vng dy gy ra ti im nm trn trc
ca vng dy bn knh R cch tm vng mt on h c ln l:
B=
0 IR 2
2 R2 + h2
3/ 2
a) Nu cc dng in chy trn cc dy l cng chiu, th cc vect cm ng t do cc vng

to ra cng chiu ti mi im trn trc ca cc vng dy:
B = B1 + B2
+ Ti tm vng 1 (h1 = 0, h2 = a) v ti tm vng 2 (h1 = a, h2 = 0):

BO1 = BO2
0 I 1
4 .10 7.3 1
0,12
=
+
=
+
2
2
2 R R 2 + a 2 3 / 2
2
0,1 0,1 + 0,2
R2
5
(T )
3 / 2 2,1.10
+ Ti im chnh gia hai vng dy (h1 = h2 = a/2):

BM = 2.
0 IR 2
a
2 R 2 +
4
3/ 2
4 .10 7.3.0,12
2 0,2
0,1 +
4
3/ 2
1,35.10 5 (T )
b) Nu cc dng in chy trn cc dy ngc chiu, th cc vect cm ng t do hai vng

to ra ngc chiu nhau ti mi im trn trc vng dy:
B = B1 B2
+ Ti tm vng 1 (h1 = 0, h2 = a) v ti tm vng 2 (h1 = a, h2 = 0):

0 I 1
4 .10 7.3 1
0,12
5
=
BO1 = BO2 =
2
1,7.10 (T )
3
/
2
3
/
2
2
2
2
2 R R + a
2
0,1 0,1 + 0,2

nhng cc vect BO1 v BO2 ngc chiu nhau: BO1 cng chiu vi B1 ; BO2 cng chiu vi B2
R2
+ Ti im chnh gia hai vng dy (h1 = h2 = a/2):

BM =
0 IR 2
a2
2 R 2 +
4
3/ 2
0 IR 2
a2
2 R 2 +
4
3/ 2
=0
4-18. Mt si dy c v cch in ng knh (k c v) bng d = 0,3mm c un thnh

mt ng xon c phng gm N = 100 vng. Bn knh ca vng ngoi cng R = 30
mm. Cho dng in I = 10mA chy qua dy. Tnh:
a) Mmen t ca ng xon c .
b) Cng t trng ti tm ca ng xon c.
Gii:
Chia ng xon c thnh nhng on dy rt nh. Xt mt on dl rt ngn trn vng dy
nm cch tm ng xon c mt on r v c ni vi tm ng xon c bng hai on
dy thng. Khi :
d .r 2
dpm = I .dS = I .
;
2
Mt khc:
dr = k .d =
r = k .
dpm =
dH =
NIr 2
R
dH =
dr ;
I .dl I .d
=
4r 2
4r
R
d
2 .N
NI
dr
2 Rr
Do tt c cc vect mmen t v cng t trng u cng phng cng chiu nn ta c:
Pm = dp m =
NIr 2
d/2
H = dH =
H=
dr =
NI r 3
R 3
d/2
NIR 2
3
.100.10 2.0,03 2
3
10 3 (A.m 2 )
R
NI
NI
NI R
[
]
dr
=
ln
r
d / 2 2Rr 2R d / 2 = 2R ln d / 2
100.10 2 0,03
ln
90(A / m )
2.0,03 1,5.10 4
4-19. Mt qu cu ng cht khi lng m, bn knh R, mang mt in tch q. in tch q

c phn b u trong th tch qu cu. Ngi ta cho qu cu quay xung quanh trc
ca n vi vn tc gc . Tm mmen ng lng L, mmen t Pm ca qu cu ; t
suy ra t s Pm/L?
Gii:
z
H r M
r dV
O
+ Mmen ng lng ca qu cu l:
L = I =
2
mR 2
5
+ Mt phn t in tch dq quay xung quanh mt trc vi tn s

s tng ng vi mt dng in cng I = .dq .p
Dng in ny c mmen t: dpm = IS
vi S l din tch ca vng trn qu o ca phn t in tch. Dng h to cu nh hnh
v:
dpm = .dq.S =
trong :
+ =
. .dV .S
2
q
l mt in tch ca qu cu
4 3
R
3
+ dV = r 2 cos .dr.d .d
+ S = r '2 = r 2 cos 2
Do cc vect mmen t ca cc phn t khc nhau u nm trn trc quay nn mmen t
ca ton b qu cu bng:
R
/2
q
3q
Pm = dp m =
.
.r 2 cos 2 .dV =
. r 4 dr cos 3 .d d
3
4
2
8R 0
/ 2
0
R 3
3
/2
3q
=
. r 4 dr (1 sin 2 ).d(sin ) d
3
8R 0
/ 2
0
/2
R
2
3q r 5
sin 3
[
]
=
.
.
sin
.
0
8R 3 5
3
/2
0
3q R 5 4
qR 2
=
. . .2 =
8R 3 5 3
5
Suy ra t s:
3q R 5 4
qR 2
=
. . .2 =
8R 3 5 3
5
Pm qR 2
5
q
=
.
=
.
2
L
5 2mR 2m
4-20. Mt khung dy hnh vung abcd mi cnh l = 2cm, c t gn dng in thng di

v hn AB cng I = 30A. Khung abcd v dy AB cng nm trong mt mt phng,
cnh ab song song vi dy AB v cch dy mt on r =1cm (hnh 4-15). Tnh t thng
gi qua khung dy.
A
a
I
r
B
Hnh 4-15
Gii:
Chia khung thnh cc di nh song song vi dng in thng. Xt di cch dng in mt
on x c din tch dS = l.dx. T ta tnh c t thng do dng in gi qua khung dy:

= B.dS = B.dS
abcd
abcd
r +l
r + l 0 Il r + l
0 I
0 Il
[
]
.
l
.
dx
=
ln
l
=
ln
r 2x
r
2
2 r
4 .10 7.30.0,02 1 + 2
7
=
ln
1,32.10 (Wb )
2
1
4-21. Cho mt khung dy phng din tch 16cm2 quay trong mt t trng u vi vn tc
2 vng/s. Trc quay nm trong mt phng ca khung v vung gc vi cc ng sc t
trng. Cng t trng bng 7,96.104 A/m. Tm:
a) S ph thuc ca t thng gi qua khung dy theo thi gian.
b) Gi tr ln nht ca t thng .
Gii:
Ta c:
= BS . cos
vi l gc gia vect cm ng t v php tuyn ca khung.

Mt khc: = t + 0
= 0 HS cos(t + 0 ) = 0 cos(t + 0 )
Vy:
vi tn s gc = 2n = 4 (rad / s )
Gi tr ln nht ca t thng:
0 = 0 HS = 4 .107.7,96.104.16.104 1,6.104 (Wb )
= 1,6.104 cos(4t + 0 ) (Wb )
4-22. Mt thanh kim loi di l = 1m quay trong mt t trng u c cm ng t B = 0,05T.

Trc quay vung gc vi thanh, i qua mt u ca thanh v song song vi ng sc t
trng. Tm t thng qut bi thanh sau mt vng quay.
Gii:
Ta c t thng qut bi thanh sau mt vng quay l t thng gi qua din tch hnh trn
tm ti trc quay, bn knh l v vung gc vi ng sc t:
= BS . cos = B.l 2 . cos
= 0,05. .12. cos 0 0,16(Wb )
4-23. Cho mt dng in I = 5A chy qua mt dy dn c hnh tr, bn knh tit din
thng gc R = 2cm. Tnh cng t trng ti hai im M1 v M2 cch trc ca dy
ln lt l r1 = 1cm, r2 = 5cm.
Gii:
Chn ng cong kn l ng trn c tm nm trn trc dy dn, bn knh r. p dng
nh l v lu s ca t trng (nh l Ampe):
n
H
.dl = I i
i =1
Do tnh i xng nn cc vect cng t trng bng nhau ti mi im trn C v lun

n
H .2r = I i
tip tuyn vi C. Do :
i =1
a) Gi s dng in phn b u trn thit din dy dn , th vi cc im nm trong dy dn:

H .2r =
I
Ir 2
2
.
r
=
R 2
R2
H=
Ir
2R 2
b) Vi cc im nm bn ngoi dy dn:
H .2r = I
+ Vi r1 = 1cm: H1 =
Vi r2 = 5cm: H 2 =
H=
5.102
2 . 2.10 2
I
2r
20( A / m )
5
16( A / m )
2 .5.10 2
4-24. Mt dng in I = 10A chy dc theo thnh ca mt ng mng hnh tr bn knh

R2 = 5cm, sau chy ngc li qua mt dy dn c, bn knh R1 = 1mm, t trng
vi trc ca ng. Tm:
a) Cm ng t ti cc im cch trc ca ng r1 = 6cm v r2 = 2cm;
b) T thng gy ra bi mt n v chiu di ca h thng. Coi ton b h thng l di v
hn v b qua t trng bn trong kim loi.
Gii:
L lun tng t bi 4-23, ta c: B =
0 n
Ii
2r i =1
Vi r > R2 :
B=
0
.(I I ) = 0
2r
Vi R2 > r > R1:
B=
4 .10 7.10
0
I=
= 10 4 (T )
2r
2 .2.10 2
Do t trng bn ngoi dy dn v trong kim loi bng khng nn t thng do mi n v

chiu di h thng gy ra l:
= B.dS =
R2
0I
2r .l.dr =
R1
0 Il R 2
. ln
2
R
1
4 .107.10.1 50
ln 7,8.10 6 (Wb )
=
2
1
4-25. Cho mt ng dy in thng di 30cm, gm 1000 vng dy. Tm cng t trng
bn trong ng dy nu cng dng in chy qua ng dy bng 2A. Coi ng knh
ca ng dy rt nh so vi chiu di ca ng.
Gii:
Ta c th coi ng dy l di v hn, nn t trng bn trong ng dy l u v c tnh
theo cng thc:
H = nI =
NI 1000.2
=
6,7.103 ( A / m )
l
0,3
4-26. Dy dn ca ng dy tit din thng c ng knh bng 0,8mm, cc vng dy c

qun st nhau, coi ng dy kh di. Tm cng t trng bn trong ng dy nu
cng dng in chy qua ng dy bng 1A.
Gii:
Do cc vng dy c qun st nhau, nn chiu di ng dy c th tnh bng:
l = Nd
Cng t trng bn trong ng dy l:

H = nI =
NI NI I
1
=
= =
= 1250( A / m )
l
Nd d 8.10 4
4-27. Hi t s gia chiu di l v ng knh D ca mt ng dy in thng phi bng bao

nhiu c th tnh cng t trng ti tm ca ng dy theo cng thc ca ng dy
di v hn m khng sai qu 1%.
Gii:
d2
d1
Ta i tnh cm ng t ti im O trn trc ca ng dy. Vng dy cch O mt on x gy

ra ti O cm ng t:
B=
0 IS
2 R 2 + x 2
3/ 2
Cm ng t do ndx vng dy cch O mt on x gy ra bng:

B=
0 ISn
2 R 2 + x 2
3/ 2
dx
vi n l s vng dy trn mt n v chiu di ca ng dy. T , cm ng t tng hp do c

ng dy gy ra ti O l:
d1
B=
d 2
0 ISn
2 (R 2 + x 2 )
3/ 2
0 ISnx
dx =
2
2
2
2R R + x
d1
d1
B=
d 2
B=
d1
0 ISnx
dx =
3/ 2
2
2
2
2 (R 2 + x 2 )
2R R + x d
0 ISn
d1
d2
0 ISn
+
2
2
2
2R R + d1
R 2 + d 22
Do S = R 2 ;
d1
2
2
1
R +d
B=
= cos1;
d2
2
R + d 22
= cos 2 , ta c:
1
0 nI (cos 1 + cos 2 )
2
Ti tm ng dy (d1 = d2 = l/2):
B = 0 nI
D2
1 2
nI
0
1 + D2 / l 2
2l
1
do
D2
1
l2
+ Vi ng dy di v hn, cm ng t bn trong ng dy l:
B = 0 nI
Sai s mc phi l: B =
B B D 2
= 2
B
2l
B khng vt qu 1% th:
D2
l
1
1%
7,1
2
2l
D
0,02
Vy, chiu di ca ng dy cn ln hn ng knh t nht 7,1 ln.

4-28. Mt dy dn thng di 70cm c t trong mt t trng u c cm ng t B =
0,1T. Dy dn hp vi ng sc t trng mt gc = 300. Tm t lc tc dng ln dy
dn khi cho dng in I = 70A chy qua dy dn.
Gii:
Theo cng thc ca lc t:

F = I .l B
F = BIl sin = 0,1.70.0,7.sin 300 = 2,45( N )
4-29. Trong mt t trng u cm ng t B = 0,1T v trong mt phng vung gc vi cc

ng sc t, ngi ta t mt dy dn un thnh na vng trn. Dy dn di s = 63cm,
c dng in I = 20A chy qua. Tm lc tc dng ca t trng ln dy dn.
Gii:
Chia dy dn thnh cc on dy c chiu di dl rt nh. Ta c:

dF = I .dl B
Lc tng hp tc dng ln dy dn l:

F = dF = I . dl B = I dl B = I .l B
) ( )
vi l l vct ni t im u n im cui ca dy dn.

Lc tng hp khng ph thuc vo hnh dng ca dy dn m ch ph thuc vo ng ni
im u v im cui dy, y l ng knh ca na ng trn:
F = BIl sin = BI
2s
sin = 0,1.20.2.
0,63
.sin 900 0,8( N )
4-30. Mt ng dy thng trn c dng in I = 10mA, c t trong mt t trng u sao

cho trc ca ng dy trng vi phng ca ng sc t trng. Cc vng dy c
qun bng dy ng c ng knh d = 0,1mm. Bn knh ca mi vng dy R = 10mm.
Hi vi gi tr no ca cm ng t B ca t trng ngoi, vng dy s b ko t? Cho
bit ng sut ca dy ng khi b t P = 2,3.108 N/m2.
Gii:
Theo kt qu bi 4-29, lc tc dng ln na vng dy l:
F=
2 BIs
= 2 BIR (vi R l bn knh vng dy)
Lc ny phn b trn hai tit din thng ca dy dn. Gi FP v BP ln lt l lc ko v cm

ng t khi dy ng b t. Ta c:
F = 2T (do hai phn tit din thng ca dy dn song song)
2 BP IR = 2
Pd 2
BP =
Pd 2
4 IR
2,3.108. . 0,1.10 3
1,8.10 4 (T )
3
3
4.10.10 .10.10
4-31. Cho mt ng dy in thng di, c trn mi mt c n = 5000 vng dy. Ti tm ng

dy, ngi ta t mt cun dy nh gm N = 200 vng. Cc vng dy ca cun nh c
ng knh d = 10mm. Cun dy c gn u mt n cn sao cho trc ca n
vung gc vi trc ca ng dy (hnh 4-16). Lc u cun dy c cn bng bi mt
s qu nng (n cn nm trng vi trc ca ng dy). Khi cho qua ng dy v cun
dy cng mt dng in I = 20mA th cn bng b ph hu. Hi phi t thm qu nng
c trng lng bng bao nhiu cn bng c thit lp li? Bit rng cnh tay n
ca cn c chiu di l = 300mm.
l
Hnh 4-16
Gii:
Khi cho dng in chy qua cun dy, cun dy tng ng vi mt nam chm c m
1
pm = NIS = NId 2
4
men t:
Khi , cun dy s chu tc dng ca t trng do ng dy gy ra. Mmen lc tc dng

ln cun dy:
1
1
M = pm B = NId 2 .(0 nI ) = 0 NnI 2 d 2

4
4
cn bng c thit lp li, cn t thm qu nng c trng lng P sao cho

1
M P = Pl = M = 0 NnI 2 d 2
4
P=
0 NnI 2 d 2
4l
.1.4 .10 7.200.5000.0,02 2.0,012

4.300.10
1,3.10 7 ( N )
4-32. t mt a bng ng bn knh R = 5cm trong mt t trng u c cm ng t

B = 0,2T sao cho mt phng ca a vung gc vi ng sc t trng. Cho mt dng
in I = 5A chy dc theo bn knh ab ca a (hnh 4-17). Hi:
a) Chiu quay ca a nu chiu ca t trng i t pha sau ra pha trc mt phng
hnh v;
b) Mmen lc tc dng ln a.

B
b
a
Hnh 4-17
Gii:
Phn a nm dc theo bn knh ab c dng in chy qua s b t trng tc dng lc v
lm cho a quay. p dng quy tc bn tay tri, ta tm c chiu quay ca a hng theo
chiu kim ng h.
Xt mmen lc t tc dng ln mt on dl dc theo ab:
dM = dF .r = BIl.dl
R
BIR 2 0,2.5. 5.10 2

M = dM = BIl.dl =
=
2
2
0
= 12,5.10 4 (N .m )
4-33. Hai cun dy nh ging nhau c t sao cho trc ca chng nm trn cng mt
ng thng. Khong cch gia hai cun dy l = 200mm rt ln so vi kch thc di
ca cc cun dy. S vng trn mi cun dy u bng N = 200 vng, bn knh cc
vng dy R = 10mm. Hi lc tng tc f gia cc cun dy khi cho cng mt dng in
I = 0,1A chy qua chng.
Gii:
Cc cun dy c dng in chy qua s tng tc vi nhau nh cc nam chm. Th nng
ca cun dy 2 trong t trng ca cun 1 c tnh theo cng thc:
Wt = pm B
trong :
v
pm = NIS = NIR 2
B=
Do :
0 ISN
2 R 2 + l 2
Wt =
3/ 2
0 IN .R 2 0 INR 2
=
2l 3
2l 3
0 N 2 I 2 R 4
2l 3
Do tnh i xng, lc tng tc gia hai cun dy phi hng dc theo trc ca chng v
bng o hm ca th nng dc theo trc :
Wt 3 0 N 2 I 2 R 4 3 .4 .10 7.200 2.0,12.0,014

F=
=
=
1,5.10 8 (N )
4
4
l
2l
2.0,2
4-34. Cnh mt dy dn thng di trn c dng in cng I1 = 30A chy, ngi ta t

mt khung dy dn hnh vung c dng in cng I2 = 2A. Khung c th quay xung
quanh mt trc song song vi dy dn v i qua cc im gia ca hai cnh i din ca
khung. Trc quay cch dy dn mt on b = 30mm. Mi cnh khung c b di a =
20mm. Tm:
a) Lc f tc dng ln khung.
b) Cng cn thit quay khung 1800 xung quanh trc ca n.
Gii:
h
I1
I2
a) Ta d dng nhn thy lc t tc dng ln hai cnh vung gc vi dy l bng nhau v

ngc chiu. Do tng hp lc theo phng song song vi dy dn l khc nhau. Do s
chnh lch cng t trng ti v tr hai cnh cn li, cc lc tc dng ln cc cnh ny
ngc chiu nhau nhng c ln khc nhau. Tng hp lc c xu hng ko khung dy li
gn dy dn v c ln bng:
0 I1
0 I1
II
a2
F = (B1 B 2 )I 2 a =
I 2 a = 0 1 2 . 2
2 b (a / 2 )2
2 (b a / 2) 2 (b + a / 2)
20 2
F = 2.10 .30.2. 2
= 6.106 (N )
2
30 10
7
b) S dng kt qu ca bi 4-20, ta c t thng do dy dn thng gi qua khung dy l:

0 =
0 I1a b + a / 2
. ln
2
b a/2
Khi quay khung 1800, thay i t thng qua khung l:

= 0 ( 0 ) = 20
Cng cn thit thng cng cn ca lc t l:

A = I 2 . =
2.30 + 20
0 I1I 2 a 2b + a
7
ln
3,3.10 7 ( J )
= 4.10 .30.2.0,02. ln
2.30 20
2b a
4-35. Hai dy dn thng di v hn t song song cch nhau mt khong no . Dng in

chy qua cc dy dn bng nhau v cng chiu. Tm cng dng in chy qua mi
dy, bit rng mun dch chuyn cc dy dn ti khong cch ln gp i lc u th
phi tn mt cng bng 5,5.10-5J/m (Cng dch chuyn mt mt di ca dy dn).
Gii:
Xt cng cn ca lc t khi ta dch chuyn hai dy dn ang v tr cch nhau mt on r
i mt on nh dr theo phng vung gc vi dy:
0 I 2l
dA = F .dr = BIl.dr =
dr
2r
Vy, cng cn tn l:
A = dA =
2 r0
r0
I=
0 I 2l
I 2l 2r ln 2 2
dr = 0 ln 0 = 0
I l
2r
2
r0
2
2 A
. =
0 ln 2 l
2
5,5.10 5
.
20( A)
4 .10 7. ln 2
1
4-36. Mt dy dn thng, di l = 10cm c dng in I = 2A chy qua, chuyn ng vi vn

tc v = 20cm/s trong mt t trng u c cm ng t B = 0,5T theo phng vung gc
vi ng sc t trng. Dy dn chuyn ng theo chiu khin cho lc in t sinh
cng cn. Tnh cng cn sau thi gian t = 10giy.
Gii:
Do t trng l u, cng dng in, vn tc chuyn ng ca dy khng i nn lc
t tc dng ln dy khng i. Cng cn ca lc t l:
A = F .s = BIl.vt = 0,5.2.0,1.0,2.10 = 0,2( J )
4-37. Cun dy ca mt in k gm 400 vng c dng khung ch nht chiu di 3cm,

chiu rng 2cm, c t trong mt t trng u c cm ng t B = 0,1T. Dng in
chy trong khung c cng bng 10-7A. Hi:
a) Th nng ca khung dy trong t trng ti hai v tr:
V tr 1: Mt phng ca khung song song vi ng sc t trng.
V tr 2: Mt phng ca khung hp vi ng sc t trng mt gc 300.
b) Cng ca lc in t khi khung dy quay t v tr 1 sang v tr 2 cu hi a.
Gii:
Cng thc th nng ca khung dy trong t trng l:

Wt = pm .B = NISB cos pm , B = NIabB. cos
Ti v tr 1: = / 2 Wt1 = 0
Ti v tr 2: = / 3 Wt 2 = NIabB.(1 / 2 ) = 400.10 7.0,03.0,02.0,1.0,5 = 1,2.10 9 (J )
Cng ca lc t bng gim th nng:
A = Wt1 Wt 2 = 1,2.10 9 ( J )
4-38. Mt vng dy dn hnh trn bn knh R = 2cm trn c dng in I = 2A, c t sao
cho mt phng ca vng dy vung gc vi ng sc ca mt t trng c cm ng t
B = 0,2T. Hi cng phi tn quay vng dy tr v v tr song song vi ng sc t

trng.
Gii:
Chng ta cn tn mt cng A thng li cng cn ca t trng:
A = Wt 2 Wt1 = ISB(cos 1 cos 2 )

= I.R 2 .B(cos 1 cos 2 )
A = 2. .0,022.0,2 cos 0 cos 5.10 4 (J )

2
4-39. Mt electron c gia tc bi hiu in th U = 1000V bay vo mt t trng u c

cm ng t B = 1,19.10-3T. Hng bay ca electron vung gc vi cc ng sc t
trng. Tm:
a) Bn knh qu o ca electron.
b) Chu k quay ca electron trn qu o.
c) Mmen ng lng ca electron i vi tm qu o.
Gii:
Ta c ng nng ca electron thu c l:
Wd =
1 2
mv = eU
2
v=
2eU
m
Khi bay vo trong t trng, electron chuyn ng theo qu o trn vi lc t l lc

hng tm:
mv 2
Bve =
R
mv
R =
=
Be
2mU
2.9,1.10 31.1000
=
eB 2
1,6.10 19. 1,19.10 3
9.10 2 (m )
Chu k quay ca electron trn qu o:

T=
2R 2m
2 .9,1.10 31
=
=
3.10 8 (s )
3
19
v
Be 1,19.10 .1,6.10
Mmen ng lng ca electron i vi tm qu o:

L = I = mR 2 .
L=
v
m 2 v 2 2mU
= mvR =
=
R
Be
B
2.9,1.10 31.1000
1,53.10 24 (kg.m 2 / s )
3
1,19.10
4-40. Mt electron sau khi c gia tc bng hiu in th U = 300V th chuyn ng song
song vi mt dy dn thng di v cch dy dn mt khong a = 4mm. Tm lc tc dng
ln electron nu cho dng in I = 5A chy qua dy dn.
Gii:
Cng thc ca lc Loren tc dng ln electron:
F = Bve sin
vi v =

I
2eU
; B = 0 ; = v, B =
m
2r
2
( )
F=
0 Ie 2eU
5.1,6.10 19 2.1,6.10 19.300
= 2.10 7.
.
4,1.10 16 ( N )
2r
m
4.10 3
9,1.10 31
4-41. Mt electron bay vo mt t trng u cm ng t B = 10-3T theo phng vung gc

vi ng sc t trng vi vn tc v = 4.107m/s. Tm gia tc tip tuyn v gia tc php
tuyn ca electron.
Gii:
Do lc Loren lun vung gc vi phng chuyn ng ca in tch nn gia tc tip tuyn
ca in tch trong t trng lun bng 0.
Gia tc php tuyn ca electron l:
an =
F Bve 10 3.4.107.1,6.10 19
=
=
7.1015 m / s 2
31
m
m
9,1.10
4-42. Mt ht c ng nng Wd = 500 eV bay theo hng vung gc vi ng sc ca

mt t trng u c cm ng t B = 0,1T. Tm:
a) Lc tc dng ln ht ;
b) Bn knh qu o ca ht;
c) Chu k quay ca ht trn qu o.
Ch thch: Ht c in tch bng +2e, khi lng 4u.
Gii:
Ta c:
1
Wd = mv 2 v =
2
2Wd
=
m
2.500.1,6.10 19
1,55.105 (m / s )
27
4.1,66.10
Lc tc dng ln ht:
F = Bvq = 0,1.1,55.105.2.1,6.10 19 5.10 15 ( N )
Bn knh qu o ca ht:
mv 6,64.10 27.1,55.105
R=
=
3,2.10 2 (m )
19
Bq
0,1.3,2.10
Chu k quay ca ht trn qu o:

T=
2m 2 .6,64.10 27
=
1,3.10 6 (s )
Bq
0,1.3,2.10 19
4-43. Mt electron chuyn ng trong mt t trng u c cm ng t B = 2.10-3T. Qu

o ca electron l mt ng inh c c bn knh R = 2cm v c bc h = 5cm. Xc
nh vn tc ca electron.
Gii:
Ta chia vct vn tc v thnh hai thnh phn: v1 hng dc theo phng t trng v vct
v2 hng vung gc vi phng t trng.
Bn knh ng inh c ch ph thuc vo thnh phn v2:
R=
mv2
BeR 2.103.1,6.10 19.0,02
v2 =
=
7.106 (m / s )
Be
m
9,1.10 31
Bc xon ph thuc vo gi tr ca v1:

2mv1
Beh 2.103.1,6.1019.0,05
h = v1T =
v1 =
=
2,8.106 (m / s )
31
Be
2m
2 .9,1.10
Vn tc ca electron trn qu o:
v = v12 + v22 =
(7.10 ) + (2,8.10 )
6 2
6 2
7,6.106 (m / s )
4-44. Mt electron c gia tc bng mt hiu in th U = 6000V bay vo mt t trng

u c cm ng t B = 1,3.10-2T. Hng bay ca electron hp vi ng sc t mt gc
= 300; qu o ca electron khi l mt ng inh c. Tm:
a) Bn knh ca mt vng xon c.
b) Bc ca ng inh c.
Gii:
Vn tc ca eloctron sau khi c gia tc:
2eU
=
m
v=
2.1,6.10 19.6000
4,6.107 (m / s )
9,1.10 31
Bn knh ca ng inh c:
R=
mv mv sin
=
Be
Be
9,1.10 31.4,6.107. sin 300

R=
10 2 (m ) = 1(cm )
2
19
1,3.10 .1,6.10
Bc xon ca ng inh c:
h=
2mv// 2mv cos 2 .9,1.10 31.4,6.107. cos 300

=
=
0,11(m ) = 11(cm )
Be
Be
1,3.10 2.1,6.1019
4-45. Qua tit din S = ab ca mt bn bng ng b dy a = 0,5 mm b cao b = 1mm, c

mt dng in I = 20A chy. Khi t bn trong mt t trng c ng sc vung gc
vi cnh bn b v chiu dng in th trn bn xut hin mt hiu in th ngang U =
3,1.10-6V. Cho bit cm ng t B = 1T. Xc nh:
a) Mt electron dn trong bn ng.

b) Vn tc trung bnh ca electron trong cc iu kin trn.
Gii:
Khi cc electron chy trong dy dn t trong t trng, do tc dng ca lc t chng b
ko v cc mt bn ca dy dn v to nn mt hiu in th. Hiu in th ny c chiu cn
cc electron dn tip tc chuyn v mt bn. Khi hiu in th t gi tr n nh, cc
electron khng tip tc chuyn v na, lc t v lc in cn bng ln nhau.
FC = eE =
eU
U 3,1.10 6
= FL = evB v =
=
= 3,1.10 3 (m / s )
3
b
bB
10 .1
Mt electron dn n l s in tch c trong mt n v th tch:
n=
(q / e ) =
n=
20.1
8,1.10 28 (m 3 )
6
4
1,6.10 .3,1.10 .5.10
I.t
I
IB
=
=
eab.vt e.abv eUa
19
4-46. Mt electron c nng lng W = 103eV bay vo mt in trng u c cng

in trng E = 800V/cm theo hng vung gc vi ng sc in trng. Hi phi
t mt t trng c phng chiu v cm ng t nh th no chuyn ng ca
electron khng b lch phng.
Gii:

v

B

FC

FL

E
Mun electron khng b lch phng, ta cn t mt t trng sao cho lc Loren tc dng
ln electron trit tiu lc in trng. Trc ht, lc Loren v lc Culng cng phng
ngc chiu, phng chiu ca cm ng t phi t nh hnh v.
ln ca lc Loren v lc Culng bng nhau:
FC = eE = Bve = FL
B=
E
m
=E
B
v
2W
9,1.10 31
B = 8.10 .
4,2.10 3 (T )
3
19
2.10 .1,6.10
4
4-47. Mt electron bay vo mt trng in t vi vn tc v = 105m/s. ng sc in

trng v ng sc t trng c cng phng chiu. Cng in trng E =
10V/cm, cng t trng H = 8.103A/m. Tm gia tc tip tuyn, gia tc php tuyn
v gia tc ton phn ca electron trong hai trng hp:
a) Electron chuyn ng theo phng chiu ca cc ng sc.
b) Electron chuyn ng vung gc vi cc ng sc.
Gii:
a) Khi electron chuyn ng dc theo phng chiu ca cc ng sc, lc Loren tc dng
ln n bng 0. in tch ch c thnh phn gia tc tip tuyn do lc in gy ra:
an = 0; a = at =
eE 1,6.10 19.1000
=
1,76.1014 m / s 2
31
m
9,1.10
b) Khi electron chuyn ng theo phng vung gc vi cc ng sc, c lc in v lc

t u hng theo phng vung gc vi phng chuyn ng (v vung gc vi nhau) nn
electron ch c thnh phn gia tc php tuyn:
a t = 0;
2
eE evB
a = an = a + a = +
m m
2
C
a=
2
L
2
1,6.10 19
1000 2 + (105.4 .10 7.8.103 ) 2,5.1014 (m / s 2 )
31
9,1.10
4-48. Mt electron bay vo khong gia 2 bn ca mt t in phng c cc bn nm

ngang. Hng bay song song vi cc bn, vn tc bay v0 = 107m/s. Chiu di ca t in
l = 5cm, cng in trng gia hai bn t in E = 100V/cm. Khi ra khi t in,

electron bay vo mt t trng c ng sc vung gc vi ng sc in trng. Cho
bit cm ng t B =10-2T. Tm:
a) Bn knh qu o nh c ca electron trong t trng;
b) Bc ca ng inh c.
Gii:
Qu o ca electron trong t trng ph thuc vo phng ca cc ng sc t. y, ta
cho rng t trng c phng dc theo phng vn tc v0 ban u ca electron.
Khi bay qua t trng, electron c gia tc theo phng in trng v nhn c vn tc
v1 theo phng c xc nh nh sau:
v1 = at =
eE l 1,6.10 19.10 4 5.10 2

. =
.
8,8.106 (m / s )
31
7
m v0
9,1.10
10
Bn knh qu o ca electron:
R=
mv 9,1.10 31.8,8.106
=
5.10 3 (m ) = 5(mm )
2
19
Be
10 .1,6.10
Bc xon ca ng inh c:
h=
2mv// 2 .9,1.10 31.107

=
3,6.10 2 (m ) = 3,6(cm )
Be
10 2.1,6.10 19
Chng 5: Hin tng cm ng in t

5-1. Mt khung hnh vung lm bng dy ng tit din S0 = 1mm2 c t trong mt t
2
trng c cm ng t bin i theo nh lut B = B0sin t, trong B0 = 0,01T, =
,
T
T = 0,02 giy. Din tch ca khung S = 25 cm . Mt phng ca khung vung gc vi

ng sc t trng. Tm s ph thuc vo thi gian v gi tr cc i ca cc i lng
sau:
a) T thng gi qua khung.
b) Sut in ng cm ng xut hin trong khung.
c) Cng dng in chy trong khung.
Gii:
Ta c:
2
2
=
= 100 (rad / s )
T
0,02
a) T thng gi qua khung:

max = B0 S = 0,01.25.104 = 2,5.105 (Wb )
= BS = B0 S sin t = 2,5.105 sin 100t (Wb )
b) Sut in ng cm ng xut hin trn khung:
E = ' = B 0S cos t
E max = B0S = 100 .2,5.10 5 7,85.10 3 (V )
E = 7,85.103 cos100t (V )
c) Khung hnh vung c din tch S = 25 cm2, nn cnh ca n di a = 5cm, chu vi ca khung
l = 20 cm.
in tr ca khung l:
R=
l
0,2
= 1,72.10 8 6 = 3,44.10 3 ( )
S0
10
Cng dng in chy trong khung:
I max =
I=
E max 7,85.10 3
=
2,3(A )
R
3,44.10 3
E
= I max cos t = 2,3 cos100t (A )
R
5-2. Mt ng dy dn thng gm N = 500 vng c t trong mt t trng c ng sc t

song song vi trc ca ng dy. ng knh ca ng dy d = 10cm. Tm sut in ng
cm ng trung bnh xut hin trong ng dy nu trong thi gian t = 0,1 giy ngi ta
cho cm ng t thay i t 0 n 2T.
Gii:
Sut in ng trung bnh xut hin trong ng dy l:
E=
B.NS (B 2 B1 )Nd 2 (2 0 )500. .0,12

=
=
=
78,5(V )
t
t
4t
4.0,1
5-3. Ti tm ca mt khung dy trn phng gm N1 = 50 vng, mi vng c bn knh

R = 20cm, ngi ta t mt khung dy nh gm N2 = 100 vng, din tch mi vng S =
1cm2 Khung dy nh ny quay xung quanh mt ng knh ca khung dy ln hn vi
vn tc khng i = 300vng/s. Tm gi tr cc i ca sut in ng xut hin trong
khung nu dng in chy trong khung ln c cng I = 10A. (Gi thit lc u cc
mt phng ca cc khung trng nhau).
Gii:
T thng do khung dy trn gi qua khung dy nh l:
= N 2 BS . cos
vi B =

N10 I
; = n , B = t
2R
( )
N1 N 2 0 IS
cos t
2R
E = ' =
N1N 2 0 IS
sin t
2R
E max =
E max
N1 N 2 0 IS 50.100.4 .10 7.10.10 4.300.2

=
3.10 2 (V )
2R
2.0,2
50.100.4 .10 7.10.10 4.300.2

=
3.10 2 (V )
2.0,2
5-4. Trong cng mt mt phng vi dng in thng di v hn, cng I = 20A ngi ta
t hai thanh trt (kim loi) song song vi dng in v cch dng in mt khong
x0 = 1cm. Hai thanh trt cch nhau l = 0,5m. Trn hai thanh trt ngi ta lng vo
mt on dy dn di l (hnh 5-2). Tm hiu in th xut hin gia hai u dy dn nu
dy dn trt tnh tin trn cc thanh vi vn tc khng i v = 3m/s.
I
Hnh 5-2
Gii:
Khi on dy chuyn ng trong t trng ca dy dn thng, n ct qua cc ng sc t.
Trn on dy s xut hin sut in ng cm ng E. V dy khng kn nn sut in ng
ny bng hiu in th gia hai u dy. Sau thi gian t, dy i c mt on l = vt, v qut
qua din tch S c t thng l (tnh tng t nh bi 4-20):
=
0 Ivt x0 + l
ln
2
x0
U = E = ' =
0 Iv x0 + l
51
= 2.10 7.20.3. ln 4,7.10 5 (V )
ln
2 x0
1
5-5. Mt my bay bay vi vn tc v = 1500 km/h. Khong cch gia hai u cnh mybay
l = 12m. Tm sut in ng cm ng xut hin gia hai u cnh my bay bit rng
cao ca my bay B = 0,5.10-4T.
Gii:
Coi cnh my bay nh mt on dy dn chuyn ng trong t trng vung gc:
E = Blv = 0,5.10 4.12.
15.105
= 0,25(V )
3600
5-6. Mt thanh kim loi di l = 1m quay vi vn tc khng i = 20rad/s trong mt t

trng u c cm ng t B = 5.10-2T. Trc quay i qua mt u ca thanh, song song
vi ng sc t trng. Tm hiu in th xut hin gia hai u ca thanh.
Gii:
1
2
Trong khong thi gian dt, thanh qut c din tch l: dS = .dt.l 2
T thng qut bi thanh l:
d = B.dS =
1
Bl 2 .dt
2
Do , hiu in th xut hin gia hai u thanh l:

U = E = ' =
1
Bl 2 = 0,5.5.10 2.20.12 = 0,5(V )
2
5-7. Mt thanh kim loi di l = 1,2 m quay trong mt t trng u c cm ng t B = 10-3T

vi vn tc khng i n = 120vng/pht. Trc quay vung gc vi thanh, song song vi
ng sc t trng v cch mt u ca thanh mt on l1 = 25cm. Tm hiu in th
xut hin gia hai u ca thanh.
Gii:
Gi hai u thanh v giao im gia trc quay v thanh ln lt l A, B v O. Tng t bi
5-6, ta c:
U OA =
1
1
2
2
B (l l1 ) ; U OB = B 2l1
2
2
Do cc hiu in th UOA v UOB cng chiu nn:
U = U OA U OB =
1
1
2
B (l l1 ) l12 = B. (l 2 2l.l1 )
2
2
B = ( / 2 )lB(l 2l1 )
B = 2 .1,2.10 3 (1,2 2.0,25) 5,3.103 (V )
5-8. Mt a bng ng bn knh r = 5cm c t vung gc vi ng sc ca mt t
trng u c cm ng t B = 0,2T. a quay vi vn tc gc = 3vng/s. Cc im a
v b l nhng ch tip xc trt dng in c th i qua a theo bn knh ab (Hnh
5-3).
a) Tm sut in ng xut hin trong mch.
b) Xc nh chiu ca dng in nu ng sc t trng i t pha trc ra pha sau hnh
v v a quay ngc chiu kim ng h.
b
a
A
R
Hnh 5-3
Gii:
Tng t nh bi 5-6 v 5-7, ta cng c biu thc cho sut in ng trong mch:
E=
1
Br 2 = 0,5.0,2.6 .0,052 4,7.10 3 (V )
2
S dng quy tc bn tay phi, ta tm c chiu dng in cm ng trong mch i theo chiu
t b n a.
5-9. Mt a kim loi bn knh R = 25cm quay quanh trc ca n vi vn tc gc = 1000

vng/pht. Tm hiu in th xut hin gia tm a v mt im trn mp a trong hai
trng hp:
a) Khi khng c t trng;
b) Khi t a trong t trng c cm ng t B = 10-2T v ng sc t vung gc vi a.
Gii:
a) Khi khng c t trng, cc electron b vng ra mp a do lc qun tnh li tm. Do ,

gia tm v mp a xut hin mt hiu in th. Lc hiu in th n nh, lc in chnh
bng lc hng tm ca cc electron.
Er =
eEr = m 2 r
m 2
r
e
m 2
m 2 R 2
U = Edr =
r.dr =
e
2e
0
2
2000
2
9,1.10 .
.0,25
60
U=
2.10 9 (V )
19
2.1,6.10
31
b) Khi t a vo t trng, gia tm v mp a xut hin sut in ng cm ng:

EC =
1
2000
Br 2 = 0,5.10 2.
.0,252 3,3.10 2 (V )
2
60
Do gi tr ca sut in ng cm ng ln hn rt nhiu so vi hiu in th gy ra do lc

qun tnh li tm, nn ta c th b qua nh hng ca lc li tm trong trng hp ny:
U = 3,3.10 2 (V )
5-10. Mt cun dy dn gm N = 100 vng quay trong t trng u vi vn tc gc khng

i n = 5vng/s. Cm ng t B = 0,1T. Tit din ngang ca ng dy S = 100cm2. Trc
quay vung gc vi trc ca ng dy v vung gc vi ng sc t trng. Tm sut
in ng xut hin trong cun dy v gi tr cc i ca n.
Gii:
Ta c:
( )
= NBS . cos n , B = NBS . cos(2nt + )
vi l gc gia php tuyn ca ng dy v vct cm ng t B lc ban u.
E = ' = NBS sin (2nt + )
Emax = NBS = 2nNBS = 2 .5.100.0,1.100.10 4 3,14(V )
E max = 2 .5.100.0,1.100.10 4 3,14(V )

5-11. Trnh by nguyn tc hot ng ca mt my o lu lng ca cc cht lng dn in

trong ng dn (da trn hin tng cm ng in t). ng dn cht lng c t trong
t trng (hnh 5-4). Trn cc in cc AB s xut hin mt sut in ng cm ng.
Tm vn tc chy ca cht lng trong ng dn nu cm ng t B = 10-2T, khong cch
gia cc in cc d = 50mm (tc ng knh trong ca ng) v sut in ng cm ng
xut hin gia chng EC = 0,25mV.
S
My
o
A
Hnh 5-4
Gii:
Phn cht lng gia hai in cc khi chuyn ng ging nh mt on dy dn chuyn
ng vi vn tc v ng bng vn tc ca cht lng. V vy, gia cc in cc xut hin mt
sut in ng cm ng. Mt khc, vi cc gi tr ca cng t trng v kch thc ng
c nh, sut in ng cm ng ny t l thun vi vn tc chy ca dng cht lng. Nn
o vn tc dng chy, ngi ta ch cn dng mt vn k nhy o sut in ng cm ng
gia hai in cc ri quy i tng ng ra vn tc chy. Ta c:
EC = Blv
v=
EC
0,25.10 3
= 2
= 0,5(m / s )
Bl 10 .50.10 3
5-12. o cm ng t gia hai cc ca mt nam chm in ngi ta t vo mt cun

dy N = 50 vng, din tch tit din ngangca mi vng S = 2cm2. Trc ca cun dy
song song vi cc ng sc t trng. Cun dy c ni kn vi mt in k xung
kch (dng o in lng phng qua khung dy ca in k). in tr ca in k R
= 2.103. in tr ca cun dy N rt nh so vi in tr ca in k. Tm cm ng t
gia hai cc ca nam chm bit rng khi rt nhanh cun dy N ra khi nam chm th
khung dy ca lch i mt gc ng vi 50 vch trn thc chia ca in k. Cho bit

mi vch ch ng vi in lng phng qua khung dy in k bng 2.10-8C.
Gii:
Xt trong nhng khong thi gian dt ngn, t thng qua cun dy thay i mt lng
nh d, khi , trong khung xut hin sut in ng cm ng:
E=
d
dt
Trong thi gian , in lng phng qua khung l:

dq = I .dt =
E
d NS
dB
dt =
=
R
R
R
Vy, in lng tng cng chy qua khung dy khi rt n ra khi t trng l:
q=
NS
B
R
Coi sau khi rt khungdy ra, t thng qua khung dy bng 0, ta c:

B=
qR 50.2.108.2.103
=
= 0,2T
NS
50.2.10 4
5-13. Gia hai cc ca mt nam chm in ngi ta t mt cun dy nh; trc ca cun
dy v ng ni cc cc nam chm trng nhau. Din tch tit din ngang ca cun dy
S = 3mm2, s vng N = 60. Cun dy c ni kn vi mt in k xung kch. in tr
ca cun dy, in k v cc dy ni R = 40. Khi quay cun dy 1800, in lng tng
cng chy qua cun dy l q = 4,5.10-6C. Xc nh cng t trng gia cc cc nam
chm .
Gii:
L lun tng t bi 5-12, ta c:
B =
qR
qR
20 H =
NS
NS
H=
qR
4,5.10 6.40
=
4.105 ( A / m )
2 0 NS 2.4. .10 7.60.3.10 6
5-14. Cho mt mch in nh hnh 5-5. Trong ng dy c t cm L = 6H, in tr

R = 200 mc song song vi in tr R1 = 1000. Hiu in th U = 120V; K l ci
ngt in. Hiu in th gia cc im A v B sau khi m kho K mt thi gian =
0,001 giy.
U
K
R, L
A
B
R1
Hnh 5-5
Gii:
Ta c:
U AB = U C IR = IR1
R + R1
dI
dI
= I(R + R 1 )
=
dt
dt
I
L
L.
R + R1
t
ln I = ln I 0
L
Ti t = 0:
I = I0 =
I = I 0 .e
R + R1
t
L
U
R
U AB
R
= IR 1 = 1 U.e
R
U AB
1000
=
120.e
200
R + R1
t
L
200+1000
0 , 001
6
490(V )
5-15. Cun dy c t cm L = 2.10-6H v in tr R = 1 c mc vo mt ngun in

c sut in ng khng i E = 3V (hnh 5-6). Sau khi dng in trong ng dy d n
nh, ngi ta o rt nhanh kho K t v tr 1 sang v tr 2. Tm nhit lng to ra trn

in tr R1 = 2. B qua in tr trong ca ngun in v in tr ca cc dy ni.
R, L
K
1
R1
Hnh 5-6
Gii:
Ta c: Nhit lng to ra trn cc in tr t l thun vi gi tr in tr, suy ra:
I 2 R1 R1
= 2 =
PR
I R R
PR1
QR1
QR
R1
R
QR1
QR + QR1
R1
R + R1
Nhit lng tng cng to ra trn cc in tr chnh bng nng lng t trng ca cun dy:
1 2 LU 2
Q = QR + QR1 = LI 0 =
2
2R 2
Vy:
QR =
R1 LU 2
2 2.10 6.32
. 2 =
.
= 6.10 6 ( J )
R + R1 2 R
1 + 2 2.12
5-16. Tm t cm ca mt ng dy thng gm N = 400vng, di l = 20cm, din tch tit

din ngang S = 9cm2 trong hai trng hp.
a) ng dy khng c li st.
b) ng dy c li st. Bit t thm ca li st trong iu kin cho l = 400.
Gii:
i vi ng dy, ta c:
= BNS = 0
L=
= 0
N
INS
l
N 2S
l
a) ng dy khng c li st:
400 2.9.10 4
L0 = 4 .10 .
9.10 4 (H )
0,2
7
b) ng dy c li st:
L = L0 = 400.9.104 = 0,36(H )
5-17. Mt ng dy c ng knh D = 4cm, t cm L = 0,001H, c qun bi loi dy

dn c ng knh d = 0,6mm. Cc vng c qun st nhau, v ch qun mt lp. Tnh
s vng ca ng dy.
Gii:
T cng thc ca h s t cm:
L = 0
N 2S
= 0 nNS
l
vi s vng dy trn mt n v chiu di n =
N=
L
=
0 nS
1
.
d
Ld
0,001.0,6.10 3
=
380 (vng)
d 2 2 .10 7.0,04 2
0
4
5-18. Trn mt li trn ng knh d = 12cm ngi ta qun mt lp dy dn gm N = 100

vng. Cc vng dy c chia u trn chiu di l = 6cm. Xc nh t cm ca ng
dy bit rng t cm ca ng dy mt lp c tnh theo cng thc L = L , trong
L l t cm ca ng dy thng di v hn, l mt h s t l c xc nh gn
ng bi cng thc:
=
1
1 + 0,45d / l
Gii:
S dng cng thc d cho:
L=
1 + 0,45
L=
d
l
0 N 2S
l
0 N 2 d 2
4(l + 0,45d )
.1.4 .107.100 2.0,12 2

4(0,06 + 0,45.0,12 )
1,3.10 3 (H )
5-19. Mt khung dy hnh ch nht lm bng dy dn c bn knh r = 1mm. Chiu di

a = 10m ca khung rt ln so vi chiu rng b = 10cm ca n (o t cc trc cnh
khung). Tm t cm L ca khung dy. t thm ca mi trng gi thit bng 1.
B qua t trng bn trong dy dn.
Gii:
T thng tng cng gi qua khung bng tng t thng do bn cnh ca khung gi qua din
tch gii hn bi khung. Do chiu rng ca khung nh hn rt nhiu so vi chiu di nn ta
c th b qua phn t thng do hai cnh nh gy ra v c th coi hai cnh cn li to ra t
trng ging nh dy dn thng di v hn.
Xt mt di hnh ch nht chiu di a, chiu rng dx rt nh nm cch dy 1 mt on x.
Do cc vct cm ng t do hai dy gy ra trong di ny l cng chiu nn, ta thu c:
I
0 I
d = (B1 + B2 )dS = 0 +
a.dx
2x 2 (b x )
= d =
br
1
0 Ia 1
0 Ia b r
ln
+
dx =
2 x b x
S dng nh ngha ca h s t cm:

0 a b r 1.4 .107.10 100 1
L= =
ln
ln
1,84.10 5 (H )
=
I
1
r
5-20. Hai ng dy c h cm M = 0,005H. ng dy th nht c dng in cng

I = I0sint, trong I0 = 10A, = 2/T, vi T = 0,02 giy. Tm sut in ng h cm
xut hin trong ng dy th hai v tr s cc i ca n.
Gii:
Sut in ng h cm xut hin trong ng dy th hai l:
Eh =
trong :
d M .dI
=
= MI 0. cos t
dt
dt
2
2
=
= 100 (rad / s )
T
0,02
Ehmax = MI 0 = 0,005.10.100. 15,7(V )
Eh = 15,7 cos100t (V )
5-21. Hai ng dy c t cm ln lt bng L1 = 3.10-3H v L2 = 5.10-3H c mc ni

tip vi nhau sao cho t trng do chng gy ra cng chiu. Khi , cm ng ca c
h bng L = 11.10-3. Tm cm ng ca c h nu ni li cc ng dy sao cho t
trng do chng gy ra c chiu i nhau (song vn gi v tr nh trc).
Gii:
Khi hai ng dy c ni sao cho t trng do chng gy ra cng chiu, t thng ca
chng gi qua ln nhau c tc dng tng t thng qua khung:
= 1 + 2 + 12 + 21
LI = L1I + L2 I + MI + MI
L = L1 + L2 + 2 M
Tng t khi ni cc ng dy sao cho t trng ca chng gy ra ngc chiu nhau, ta c:
L ' = L1 + L 2 2 M
= 2(L1 + L 2 ) L
L = 2(3.10 3 + 5.10 3 ) 11.10 3 = 5.10 3 (H )
5-22. Mt dy dn di c ng knh d = 2mm c un thnh hai nhnh bng nhau (hnh
5-7) sao cho khong cch gia cc trc ca chng l a = 3cm. B qua t trng bn
trong dy dn. Cng dng in trn dy I = 3A. Tnh t cm v nng lng ng
vi mi n v di ca h.
d
a
Hnh 5-7
Gii:
Bng cch tnh tng t nh d s dng trong bi 5-19, chng ta tnh c, t cm ng
vi mi n v chiu di h:
0 l a d 1.4 .10 7.1 30 2

L=
ln
. ln
1.10 6 (H )
=
2
d
Nng lng ng vi mi n v chiu di h:
W=
1 2
L.I = 0,5.10 6.32 4,7.10 6 (J )
2
5-23. Mt ng dy thng di l = 50cm, din tch tit din ngang S = 2cm2, t cm

L = 2.10-7H. Tm cng dng in chy trong ng dy mt nng lng t
trng ca n bng = 10-3J/m3.
Gii:
Mt nng lng t trng l nng lng trn mt n v th tch c xc nh theo
cng thc:
w=
I=
W (1 / 2 )LI 2
=
V
S .l
2 Slw
=
L
2.2.10 4.0,5.10 3
= 1( A)
2.10 7
5-24. Trn thnh ca mt trc bng ba cng di l = 50 cm, ng knh D = 3cm, ngi ta
qun hai lp dy ng c ng knh d = 1mm. Ni cun dy thu c vi mt ngun
in c sut in ng = 1,4V (hnh 5-8). Hi:
a) Sau thi gian t bng bao nhiu khi o kho t v tr 1 sang v tr 2, dng in trong
cun dy gim i 1000 ln.
b) Nhit lng Jun to ra trong ng dy (sau khi o kho).
c) Nng lng t trng ca ng dy dn trc khi o kho. Cho in tr sut ca ng
Cu = 1,7.10-8m.
1
Hnh 5-8
Gii:
Ta c:
2
N 2S
D2
D2
2
= 0 n 2 l.
= 0 l
L = 0
l
4
4
d
lD2
L = 0 2
d
L = .4 .10 7.
R=
0,5.0,032
1,78.10 3 (H )
2
0,001
ld
4 D 2l
=
.N.D = 2 .
2
d
S
d
d
R=
8Dl
d3
R=
8.1,7.108.0,03.0,5
2( )
0,0013
Tnh tng t nh bi 5-14, ta chng minh c:

I = I 0e
t=
R
t
L
L I
1,78.10 3
1
ln =
ln
6,2.10 3 (s )
R I0
2
1000
Nhit lng to ra trn dy dn l:
Q = I 2 Rdt = I 02 R.e
2R
t
L
dt =
1 2
LI 0 = W
2
1,4
Q = W = 0,5.1,78.10 . 4,4.10 4 ( J )
2
3
Chng 6: Cc tnh cht ca cc cht (t mi)
6-1. Mt li st c t trong mt t trng c cng H = 800A/m. Tm t thm ca

li st trong iu kin . (dng th 6-1).
2 B,T
1,5
1
0,5
0
H. 103A/m
6
7
8
Hnh 6-1
Gii:
T th ta nhn thy cng t trng H = 800 A/m s ng vi gi tr ca cm ng t l
B = 1,4 T.
=
B
1,4
=
= 1400
0 H 4 .10 7.800
6-2. Mt ng dy thng c li st gm N = 500 vng, din tch tit din ngang S = 20cm2, h
s t cm L = 0,28H. Dng in chy qua ng dy I = 5A. Tm:
a) t thm ca li st.
b) Mt nng lng t trng bn trong ng dy.
Gii:
T thng qua ng dy c xc nh nh sau:
= BNS = LI
B=
LI
0,28.5
=
= 1,4(T )
NS 500.0,002
S dng th 6-1, ta xc nh c cng t trng tng ng H = 800 A/m.
1,4
B
=
= 1400
0 H 4 .10 7.800
Mt nng lng bn trong ng dy l:

w=
1
BH = 0,5.1,4.800 = 560 J / m3
2
6-3. Mt ng dy hnh xuyn c li st, di l = 50cm, gm N =1000 vng. Dng in qua

ng dy I = 1A. Hi nu trong ng dy khng c li st v mun cm ng t trong ng
dy hnh xuyn vn nh c th cng dng in phi bng bao nhiu.
Gii:
Cng t trng trong li st: H = nI =
N
1000
I=
.1 = 2000( A / m )
l
0,5
S dng th 6-1, ta xc nh c cm ng t trong li st tng ng l B =1,6 T.

thu c cm ng t nh c m khng c li st, ta phi tng cng dng in:
B = 0
N
I
l
I=
Bl
1,6.0,5
=
640( A)
0 N 4 .10 7.1000
6-4. Mt ng dy thng di l = 50cm, din tch tit din ngang S = 10cm2, gm N= 200 vng
c dng in I = 5A chy qua. Trong ng dy c li st nhng cha bit mi quan h B
v H (tc cha bit B = f(H)). Tm:
a) t thm ca li st
b) H s t cm ca ng dy.
Bit rng t thng gi qua tit din ngang ca ng dy =1,6.10-3Wb.
Gii:
B,T
1,5
1,3
1,1
0,9
0,7
12
H, 100 A/m
16
20
Hnh 6-2
T cc biu thc:
0 = BS B =
Ta c:
0
S
H = nI =
NI
l
B
1,6.10 3.0,5
0l
=
=
640
0 H 0 NSI 4 .10 7.200.10.10 4.5
H s t cm ca ng dy:
L=
N0 200.1,6.10 3
=
= 6,4.10 2 (H )
I
5
6-5. Mt ng dy hnh xuyn mng c li st, gm N = 500 vng. Bn knh trung bnh ca
xuyn r = 8cm. Tm:
a) Cng t trng v cm ng t B bn trong xuyn;
b) t thm ca li st;
c) T J ca li st.
khi dng in chy trong ng dy ln lt bng:
I = 0,5A; 1A; 2A.
ng cong t ho ca li st cho bi hnh 6-2 (ng 1).
Gii:
a) S dng biu thc:
H=
NI
2r
ta c: H1 500( A / m ); H 2 1000( A / m ); H 3 2000( A / m )

Dng th 6-2, ta tm c cc gi tr cm ng t tng ng:
B1 = 1,07(T ); B2 = 1,16(T ); B3 = 1,45(T )
b) S dng biu thc:
B
0 H
ta c: 1 = 1700; 2 = 1000; 3 = 580

J = ( 1)H
c) S dng biu thc:
ta c: J1 = 0,85.106 ( A / m ); J 2 = 1.106 ( A / m ); J 3 = 1,16.106 ( A / m )
6-6. Hai vng bng st mng, ging nhau cng c bn knh r = 10cm. Mt trong hai vng c
mt khe h khng kh dy l = 1mm. Cun dy ca vng kia c dng in I1 = 1,25A
chy qua. Hi cng dng in chy qua cun dy ca vng st c khe h phi bng
bao nhiu cm ng t bn trong khe h c cng gi tr vi cm ng t bn trong vng
st khng c khe h. B qua s r t trong khe h khng kh, mi cun dy c N = 100
vng. Dng ng cong t ho 1 trn hnh 6-2.
Gii:
i vi vng khng c khe h:
H=
NI1 100.1,25
=
200( A / m )
2r
2 .0,1
T th 6-2, ta tm c cm ng t tng ng l B = 0,8T.

i vi vng st c khe h, gi HC; HC; BC v BC ln lt l cng t trng v cm
ng t bn trong li st v bn trong k h.
Ta c:
BC = BC ' = B
H C = H = 200( A / m )
HC' =
BC '
0,8
6,4.105 ( A / m )
4 .10 7
Mt khc, theo nh l Ampe v sut t ng, ta c:

H C (2r l ') + H C 'l ' = NI 2
H C (2r l ') + H C l ' 200. 2 .0,1 10 3 + 6,4.105.103

I2 =
=
7 ,6 ( A )
N
100
6-7. Li st trong ng dy in hnh xuyn mng (c N = 200vng, I =

2A) c ng cong t ho cho trn hnh 6-2 (ng 1). Xc nh
cm ng t bn trong xuyn nu li st c mt khe h khng kh
dy l = 0,5mm, chiu di trung bnh ca li l = 20cm. S r t
trong khe c b qua.
Hnh 6-3
Gii:
Gi B v H ln lt l cm ng t v cng t trng trong li st ca ng dy hnh
xuyn. Quan h gia B v H trong trng hp li st khng c khe h c biu din bng
ng cong 1 trn hnh 6-2.
Trong li st c khe h, t nh l Ampe v sut t ng:
NI = Hl +
B=
0 NI
l'
l'
0l
l'
ng ny c biu din trn th 6-2 bng ng thng 2, ct cc trc ti cc im:

H = 0; B =
v B = 0; H =
0 NI
l'
4 .10 7.200.2
1(T )
0,5.10 3
NI 200.2
=
= 2000( A / m )
l
0,2
Giao im ca hai ng ny cho ta gi tr cn tm:

H 300( A / m ); B 0,96(T )
6-8. o t thm ca mt thi st, ngi ra dng thi st lm thnh mt hnh xuyn
di l = 50cm, din tch tit din ngang S = 4cm2. Trn li c qun hai cun dy. Cun
th nht (gi l cun s cp) gm N1 = 500 vng, c ni vi mt ngun in mt
chiu (hnh 6-3). Cun th hai (gi l cun th cp) gm N2 = 1000 vng c ni vi
mt in k xung kch: in tr ca cun th cp R = 20. Khi o ngc chiu dng

in trong cun s cp th trong cun th cp s xut hin dng in cm ng. Tm t
thm ca li st; bit rng khi o chiu dng in I1 = 1A trong cun s cp th c in
lng q = 0,06C phng qua in k.
Gii:
N1I1
l
Cm ng t trong li st:
B = 0
T thng gi qua cun th cp:
= BN 2 S = 0
N1 N 2 I1S
l
Khi o chiu dng in, bin thin t thng qua cun th cp:
= 2
in lng phng qua in k:

q = I C t =
Vy: q =
EC
1
t =
t =
R
R t
R
qRl
2 0 N1 N 2 SI1
0,06.20.0,5
=
=
1200
7
Rl
2 0 N1 N 2 SI1 2.4 .10 .1000.500.4.10 4.1
***
Chng 7: Trng in t
7-1. Chng minh rng trong chn khng, vect cm ng t B tho mdn phng trnh sau:

2B
B 0 0 2 = 0
t
Gii:
Trc ht, ta i chng minh:

rot rot B = grad div B B (*)
Ta c:
[rot (rot B )]

rot B z
rot B
y
z
B y B x B x B z
y x
y z z
x
B y B z 2 B x 2 B x
x y
z y 2
z 2
B y B z B x
=
+
+
x y
z
x
=
2 Bx 2 Bx 2 Bx

+
+
2
z 2
x 2
y

(div B) Bx
x
Tng t ta cng chng minh c i vi cc thnh phn y v z. Vy, ta chng minh c

phng trnh (*).
Ta li c:

div B = 0

grad div B = 0

D
D
= 0 rot j + 0 rot
rot rot B = 0 rot rot B = 0 rot j +

t

= 0 rot 0 + 0
rot D = 0 + 0 0
rot E = 0 0
t
t
t t

2B
= 0 0 2
t
Thay vo biu thc (*), ta thu c:

2B
B 0 0 2 = 0 .
t
7-2. Chng minh rng in th tnh in tha mdn phng trnh Potxng sau y:
=
Gii:
Ta c:
= divD = div( 0 E ) = 0 div( grad )

= 0 +
+
i+
j+
k
y
x
x y z x
2 2 2
= 0 2 + 2 + 2 = 0
y
z
x
=
0
7-3. Trong mt th tch hu hn c vect cm ng t B vi cc thnh phn Bx = By = 0;

Bz = B0 + ax, trong a l mt hng s v lng ax lun lun nh so vi B0. Chng
minh rng nu trong th tch khng c in trng v dng in th t trng y
khng tho mdn cc phng trnh Mcxoen.
Gii:
Chn trong th tch hu hn mt ng cong kn hnh vung cnh d v cc cp cnh ca

n tng ng song song vi trc Ox v Oz. Khi ta c:
g
Mt khc, theo phng trnh Mcxoen, ta cng c:

D
B
.
d
s
=
H
.
d
s
=
j
+
.
d
s
=
0
(do
j
=
0
;
E
= 0)
0
0
Suy ra mu thun. Vy, nu trong th tch khng c in trng v dng in th t

trng trn khng tho mdn cc phng trnh Mcxoen.
7-4. Trng in t chun dng l trng bin i chm theo thi gian. i vi mi
trng dn ( 107 -1m-1), iu c ngha l dng in dch trong mi trng rt nh
so vi dng in dn:
Jd
max
<< J max
Tm iu kin v tn s bin i ca trng.
Gii:
Trng in t tun hon theo thi gian c th c biu din nh sauL

E = E0 cos t
trong : E0 l bin ca cng in trng v l tn s bin i ca trng.

Khi , ta c biu thc ph thuc theo thi gian ca dng in dch v dng in dn:

D
jd =
= 0 E0 sin t
t

j = E = E0 cos t
T iu kin trong bi, ta suy ra iu kin cho tn s bin i ca trng:

jd
max
j max
0 E0 E0
107
1,12.1018 (s 1 )
0 1.8,85.1012
7-5. Tnh gi tr cc i ca dng in dch xut hin trong dy ng ( = 6.107 -1m-1) khi
c dng in xoay chiu vi cng cc i I0 = 2A v chu k 0,01s chy qua dy.
Bit tit din ngang ca dy l 0,5 mm2.
Gii:
Vi cc tnh ton tng t nh bi 7-4, ta thu c biu thc cho dng in dch cc i:
jd
max
= 0E 0 = 0 .
jd max =
2 j max 2 0 I max
=
.
T
T
S
2 .1.8,85.10 12
2
.
3,7.1010 (A / m 2 )
7
6
6.10 .0,01 0,5.10
7-6. Khi phng dng in cao tn vo mt thanh natri c in dn sut 0,23.108 -1m-1, dng
in dn cc i c gi tr gp khong 40 triu ln dng in dch cc i. Xc nh chu
k bin i ca dng in.
Gii:
T s gia dng in dn cc i v dng in dch cc i l:
k=
T=
j max
jd
max
E0
=
0E0 0
0 k
2
2 0 k
2 .1.8,85.10 12.4.107
T=
10 10 (s )
8
0,23.10
7-7. Mt t in c in mi vi hng s in mi = 6 c mc vo mt hiu in th

xoay chiu U = U0cost vi U0 = 300V, chu k T = 0,01s. Tm gi tr ca mt dng
in dch, bit rng hai bn ca t in cch nhau 0,4 cm.
Ch thch: = 2/T.
Gii:
Theo biu thc mt dng in dch:

U
2 0 U 0
2t
D
E 0 U
jd =
sin
= 0
=
= 0 0 sin t =
d t
d
Td
T
t
t

2 .6.8,85.1012.300
2t
jd =
sin
2,5.10 3 sin (200t + ) (A / m 2 )
2
0,01.0,4.10
0,01
7-8. in trng trong mt t in phng bin i theo quy lut E = E0sint, vi

E0 = 200 V/cm v tn s = 50 Hz. Khong cch gia hai bn l 2mm, in dung ca t
l 200 pF. Tnh gi tr cc i ca dng in dch.
Ch thch: = /2.
Gii:
Gi tr cc i ca dng in dch l:
I d max = jd max .S = 0E0 S
Mt khc:
Vy:
C=
0 S
d
S=
Cd
I d max = Cd (2v )E0 = 2 .200.1012.2.10 3.50.2.10 4 2,5.10 6 ( A) = 2,5(A)
7-9. Xc nh mt dng in dch trong mt t in phng khi hai bn c dch chuyn

song song vi nhau v ra xa nhau vi vn tc tng i u, nu:
a) in tch trn mi bn khng i;
b) Hiu in th U trn hai bn khng i.
Khong cch d gia hai bn trong khi dch chuyn rt nh so vi kch thc ca bn.
Gii:
Mt dng in dch trong t in phng c xc nh nh sau:

jd =
D
E
= 0
t
t
Ta cng c:
E=
U
q
qd
q
=
=
=
d Cd 0 Sd 0 S
a) Nu in tch trn mi bn khng i:

jd = 0
d q 1 dq
=
=0
dt 0 S S dt
b) Nu hiu in th trn hai bn khng i:

jd = 0
d U
d U
0Uu
=
= 0
dt d
dt d 0 + ut
(d0 + ut )2
7-10. Mt mch in xoay chiu c in dung C = 0,025 F v t cm L = 1,015 H. in

tr ca mch khng ng k. Lc u, in tch trn bn t in l q = 2,5.10-5C. Tm
nng lng ca in trng, ca t trng v nng lng ton phn mt thi im bt
k. S bin i tng h gia cc nng lng xy ra nh th no?
Gii:
Hiu in th trn t in c th c xc nh nh sau:
Ngoi ra:
UC =
q
dI
= U L = L
C
dt
I =
dq
dt
q
d 2q
= L 2
C
dt
q +
q
=0
LC
Nghim ca phng trnh ny c dng:

q = q0 sin (t + )
trong =
1
1
=
6280 2000 (rad / s )
LC
0,025.10 6.1,015
T iu kin ban u, ta thu c biu thc ph thuc ca in tch trn cc bn t v dng

in trong mch theo thi gian:
q = 2,5.10 5 cos 2000t (C )
dq
= 0,05 sin 2000t ( A)
I =
dt
S ph thuc ca nng lng in trng, t trng v nng lng ton phn theo thi gian:
Wd =
q2
= 12,5.10 3 cos 2 2000t ( J )
2C
Wt =
1 2
LI = 12,5.10 3 sin 2 2000t (J )
2
W = Wd + Wt = 12,5.103 (J )
7-11. Cho mt trng in t bin thin trong chn khng vi cc vect cng trng
E(0, 0, E) v H(H, 0, 0) trong H = H0cos(t ay) vi a = 0 0 . Chng minh rng
gia cc vect cng trng c mi quan h sau y:
0 E = 0 H .
Gii:
Theo phng trnh Mcxoen:

D D
E
rotH = j +
=
= 0
t
t
t
Xt thnh phn hng theo trc z, ta c:

0

dE z
= rotH
dt
H y H x
y
x
dE
dH
=
= H 0 a sin (t ay )
dt
dy
H a
dE = 0 sin (t ay ).dt
E=
H 0a
cos (t ay ) =
0 0
H
0
0 E = 0 H
7-12. Chng minh rng mt nng lng ca trng in t bin thin c tnh cht nh
trong bi 7-11 c dng:
w = aEH.
Gii:
Mt nng lng trng in t l:
w=
1
0 E 2 + 0 H 2
2
Theo chng minh ca bi 7-11, ta c:

0 E = 0 H
w = 0 E 2 = 0 H 2 = 0 E 2 0 H 2
w = 0 0 E 2 H 2 = aEH
7-13. a) Hdy vit cc biu thc bin i Loren ca cng in trng v cng t
trng gy bi in tch im q v chuyn ng vi vn tc v khng i theo phng
trc y ca h quy chiu qun tnh O.
b) Xt trng hp q chuyn ng theo trc z.
Gii:
Thc hin php chuyn h to trong cc cng thc Loren cho in tch chuyn ng
theo trc x, ta tm c cc cng thc cn tm. (Php chuyn h to phi m bo cc h
trc to vn to thnh mt tam din thun)
a) in tch chuyn ng theo trc y: Thc hin php bin i h to x y, y z, z x
Ex =
Hx =
E ' x vB ' z
2
1 v /c
H ' x +vD' z
Ey = E 'y ;
Ez =
H y = H 'y ;
Hz =
1 v2 / c2
E ' z + vB ' x
1 v2 / c2
H ' z vD' x
1 v2 / c2
;
;
b) in tch chuyn ng theo trc z: Thc hin php bin i h to x z, y x, z y
Ex =
Hx =
E ' x + vB' z
1 v2 / c2
H 'x vD'y
1 v2 / c2
Ey =
Hy =
E ' y vB' x
1 v2 / c2
H'y + vD'x
1 v 2 / c2
E z = E'z ;
H z = H 'z ;

7-14. Trong h quy chiu O c mt trng in t ng nht (E , H ) . Xc nh vn tc ca h

quy chiu O i vi h O sao cho trong O cc vect ca trng song song vi nhau
(E ' // H ') Phi chng bi ton bao gi cng c nghim v nghim l duy nht? Bit
rng cc chuyn ng xy ra trong chn khng.
Gii:
Gi s d chn c h quy chiu O'x'y'z' tho mdn, vi mt cht c bit chuyn ng ca
h ny song song vi mt phng cha B v E v chuyn ng dc theo trc Ox. Sau c th
coi h O'x'y'z' ng yn cn h Oxyz chuyn ng vi chiu ngc li.
Theo trong h O'x'y'z' ta c
E'x = 0; B'x = 0

i
j
k

(*)
E 'H' = 0 0 E ' y E' z = 0 E ' y B' z E' z B' y = 0
0 B' y
B' z

Trong h to Oxyz chuyn ng vi vn tc v i vi O'x'y'z'

i

j

k

E H = 0 Ey
0 By
Ez
Bz
Ta th cc biu thc php bin i tng ng

E x = E' x = 0; E y = (E ' y + vB' z ); E z = (E ' z vB' y )
v
v
B x = B' x = 0; B y = B' y 2 E' z ; B z = B' z + 2 E ' y

c
c
1
Vi =
v2
1 2
c
Ta nhn c

i

EB = 0

j
k
(E ' y + vB' z )
(E ' z vB' y )
v
v
0 B' y 2 E' z B' z + 2 E' y

c
c

v
v
= 2 i (E'y + vB'z ) B'z + 2 E 'y (E 'z vB'y ) B'y 2 E 'z

c
c

Trong i , j, k l cc vc t n v theo cc trc Ox, Oy, Oz. S dng (*) ta c
2

v(E' 2y + E ' 2z )
2 2
E
'
2
2 2
(
)
EB =
+
v
B
'
+
B
'
i
B
' v i
=
+
y
z
2
c2

1

Vn tc nh sng trong chn khng c =
v v = v i

E B = o o E ' 2 + B' 2 2 v
o o
1 / 2

v2
v thay B = o H , = 1 2 , vo biu thc trn ta nhn c
c

2
2 2

E H = o E' + o H' v = o E 2 + o H 2 2 v
Hay

v
EH
=
1 v 2 / c2 o E 2 + o H 2
*** Ht ***

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in hc

Chng 1: Trng tnh in

Tm lc ht gia ht nhn v electron trong nguyn t Hyr. Bit rng bn knh

Lc y tnh in gia hai proton s ln hn lc hp dn gia chng bao nhiu ln,

Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn

Hai qu cu cn bng khi:

Khi , d dng nhn thy:

T kt qu bi 1-3, ta d c i vi qu cu t trong khng kh th:

Khi nhng cc qu cu vo du ho, mi qu cu s chu thm tc dng ca lc y

T (1), (2) v (3), ta c:

1 sin 2 1 .tg 1 . = 2 sin 2 2 .tg 2 ( 0 )

Hai qu cu mang in c bn knh v khi lng bng nhau c treo hai u si

S dng cc tnh ton d lm bi 1-4, v thay 0 = 1 , 2 = , 1 = 1 , ta c:

Vi iu kin gc lch gia cc si dy trong khng kh v cht in mi l nh nhau hay:

biu thc trn tr thnh:

Mt electron in tch e, khi lng m chuyn ng u trn mt qu o trn bn

2 .1.8,86.10 .9,1.10 .10

Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn

Ti cc nh A, B, C ca mt hnh tam gic ngi ta ln lt t cc in tch im: q1

+ D dng nhn thy:

Vy, tam gic ABC vung ti A. Khi :

- Lc F c phng hp vi cnh AC mt gc xc nh bi:

F = F12 + F22 = (8,4.10 3 ) 2 + (30.10 3 ) 2 = 3,11.10 2 ( N )

Xt thnh phn ca tng hp lc F dc theo :

Tm lc tc dng ln mt in tch im q = (5/3).10-9C t tm na vng xuyn bn

(na vng xuyn)

(na vng xuyn)

Do tnh i xng, ta thy ngay Fy = 0, nn

3.10 7.(5 / 3).10 9

1-10. C hai in tch im q1 = 8.10-8C v q2 = -3.10-8C t cch nhau mt khong d =

Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn

+ in trng do q1 v q2 gy ra ti B cng phng ngc chiu:

+ Phng, chiu ca EA v EB c xc nh nh trn hnh v.

EC = EC21 + EC22 2 EC1 EC 2 cos

xc nh phng ca EC, ta xc nh gc l gc gia EC v CN theo nh l hm s sin:

Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn

Gi s ti im M cch in tch q mt khong r, in trng trit tiu. im M cch in

Vy, in trng gia hai in tch q v 2q trit tiu ti im M nm trn ng ni hai

Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn

Cc cp in tch 1-4, 2-5 v 3-6 to ra cc in trng

Ta c th d dng tnh c: in trng tng cng E hng

b) Cc in tch dng v m t lin tip:

E14 = E25 = E36 = 2 E1 = 2

Do tnh i xng nn in trng tng hp c gi tr bng

c) Cc in tch t nh trn hnh bn:

Hai cp in tch cng du t ti cc nh i din to ra ti

1-13. Trn hnh 1-2, AA l mt mt phng v hn tch in u vi mt in mt =

Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn

1-14. Mt a trn bn knh a = 8cm tch in u vi mt in mt = 10-8C/m2.

Chia vnh khn thnh cc in tch im dq. Chng gy ra in trng dE ti A. Theo

nh l chng cht in trng, in trng ti A bng tng tt c cc gi tr dE .

cc thnh phn dE1 bng khng. Vy:

Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn

in trng khi b 0 c biu thc ging vi in trng do mt phng tch in u gy ra.

3. Nu b a, p dng cng thc gn ng:

in trng khi b a c biu thc ging vi in trng do mt in tch im gy ra.

1-15. Mt mt hnh bn cu tch in u, mt in mt = 10-9C/m2. Xc nh cng

Chia bn cu thnh nhng i cu c b rng dh (tnh theo phng trc ca n). i cu

.2rh .dh 2rh .dh

vi l gc gia mt i cu v trc i xng ca i cu.

Tnh tng t nh phn u ca bi 1-14, ta tnh c in trng dE do i cu gy ra ti

Ly tch phn theo h t 0 n R, ta c:

Chia thanh thnh nhng on nh dx. Chng c in tch l: dq = dx =

Xt in trng dE gy ra do on dx gy ra ti im ang xt. Ta c th tch dE thnh hai