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B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP. H CH MINH


KHOA IN - IN T
B MN T NG IU KHIN

N TT NGHIP

XY DNG H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST


NHIT L NHIT

Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 01 nm 2010

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Tp. H Ch Minh, ngy thng nm 2010


Gio vin hng dn

TS. Ng Vn Thuyn

ii

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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Tp. H Ch Minh, ngy thng nm 2010


Gio vin phn bin

iii

Li ni u
C th con ngi l mt th thng nht gm nhiu c quan v b phn phi hp nhp nhng
vi nhau thc hin nhng qu trnh sinh l ho cn thit cho s sng. iu hin nhin rng
ti mi thi im, c th ngi lun lun iu chnh v cn bng mi th nhm thch nghi vi
mi trng v m bo duy tr s sng c lin tc. Thn nhit mt ngi bnh thng lun
n nh ti 37oC l minh chng c th cho kh nng t iu chnh tuyt vi ca con ngi.
Tng t nh c th ngi , trong sn xut cng nghip lun lun i hi nhiu qu trnh t
iu chnh v cn bng thng s ca h thng, trong c qu trnh gia nhit cho sn phm.
Tuy nhin y khng phi l qu trnh t nhin xy ra ngoi mun ch quan ca con ngi
m chu s chi phi trc tip hoc gin tip t pha ngi vn hnh iu khin. Tri qua gn
400 nm k t khi Cornelis Drebbel (ngi H Lan) pht trin h thng iu khin nhit t
ng u tin dng cho l si[3] th lch s loi ngi c dp chng kin v hng th
nhiu cng ngh hin i c p dng vo mc ch kim sot nhit . i u v cng ngh
ny vn thuc v lnh vc iu khin t ng. Ngy nay, loi ngi bit rt nhiu phng
php trn nn nhng gii thut khc nhau t n gin n hin i v c thng minh kim
sot nhit nhng u phc v cho vic n nh h thng v xa hn na l ci thin cht
lng p ng.
Vic p dng mt phng php c th vo mi trng cng nghip khng n gin nh lc
chng ta tng tng v kt qu cui cng. Bt k mt phng n no c chn la cng
phi c xem xt di nhiu kha cnh khc nhau v c im k thut, mt tch cc v hn
ch khi lm vic, tnh kh thi khi hot ng v c li ch kinh t lc a vo vn hnh Tt
c nhng vn trn cn c nh gi khch quan da trn c s khoa hc r rng, ng
n c th hin qua nhng phng trnh ton hc, biu thng k, bng so snh nh gi
v c nhng thc nghim kim chng. Mt ti n tt nghip ngoi vic thc hin nhng
cng vic trn y th cn c ngha su sc i vi mi sinh vin thc hin. Mt ln na

iv
sinh vin c tri nghim thc t, nhng kin thc hc c t gh nh trng s gip hnh
thnh nhng sn phm cng nghip. Trong qu trnh tin hnh khng th khng gp nhng
kh khn vp phi, do kch thch sinh vin t duy tm ra phng n ti u v trao i
tho lun ln nhau nhm mc ch hnh thnh thi quen hp tc lm vic nhm v phng
php lm vic hiu qu.
Sau mt hc k tm hiu, nghin cu v thc hin, ti Xy dng h thng iu khin v
gim st nhit l nhit t c nhng mc ch ra. Vi kt qu m mn ny, ti
xin by t lng bit n chn thnh i vi TS. Ng Vn Thuyn tn tnh hng dn ti
trong sut thi gian thc hin ti.
Ngoi ra c thit b v ti liu phc v cho mc ch nghin cu mt cch nhanh chng,
qu thy c qun l phng D205 to iu kin thun li trong khong thi gian di cho ti
tin hnh nhiu th nghim thc t t kt qu tt. Ti xin chn thnh cm n!
Ti cng xin th hin lng bit n n cc bn sinh vin lp 05118, khoa in - in t
Trng i hc S phm K thut Tp. H Ch Minh ng gp nhiu kin ti hon
thnh ti tt nht c th.
Mt ln na ti xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c cng cc bn!

Trn Ngc Quang Triu

Tm tt ti
V phng din vt l, nhit l nng lng trung bnh ca tt c cc phn t t do trong h
nhit ng, ng thi nhit cng l i tng iu khin ca ngnh t ng ho. T nhu
cu thc tin trong sn xut cng nghip cn mt h thng gia nhit m bo tnh chnh xc,
p ng nhanh vi yu cu v n nh vi nhng nhiu ng mi trng, ti Xy dng h
thng iu khin v gim st nhit l nhit c chn p ng vi nhu cu t ra.
Da trn nhng phn tch ti u v c im k thut, cng ngh ch to, kh nng ng dng,
mc kh thi v xem xt n kinh t. ti ny hon thnh vi ni dung nh sau: H
thng thc hin chc nng iu khin nhit ca l nhit truyn nhit trong mi trng
khng kh. Thit b gia nhit l thanh in tr nhit dng in p xoay chiu 220V, cng sut
1000W. Cm bin l cp nhit ngu loi K thch hp vi mi trng cng nghip c c v
bng module chuyn dng TC2 ca hng Panasonic. Cng sut nhit c iu khin tuyn
tnh bi phng php iu ch rng xung (PWM) bng PLC ca hng Panasonic. PLC
thc hin lut iu khin PID trong cc thng s K P , TI , TD ca thut ton c tnh t
ng nh vo phng php t iu chnh (Auto-Tuning). Qu trnh ci t nhit , gim st
nhit c thc hin t my tnh thng qua cc hp thoi giao din. Ngoi ra hot ng
ca h thng cng c theo di qua mn hnh cng nghip HMI (Panasonic). Trong sut thi
gian vn hnh d liu nhit cng vi thi gian thc lun c cp nht v lu li trn
a. H thng thu thp d liu v iu khin gim st nhit phi hp mi hot ng mt
cch nhp nhng trn c s m bo chc nng c bn ca mt h thng SCADA.

vi

Mc lc
Trang
Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn .............................................................................................. i
Nhn xt ca gio vin phn bin ............................................................................................... ii
Li ni u.................................................................................................................................iii
Tm tt ti .............................................................................................................................. v
Mc lc ...................................................................................................................................... vi
Danh sch hnh v ...................................................................................................................viii
Danh mc bng biu .................................................................................................................. ix
Danh mc cc t vit tt ............................................................................................................. x
Chng 1: M u ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.1
Tng quan ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2
Mc tiu, nhim v ca ti ......................................................................................... 2
1.3
Gii hn ti nghin cu .............................................................................................. 3
1.4
ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti ........................................................................ 3
1.5
Ni dung ti................................................................................................................ 3
Chng 2: Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay ........................................................................... 5
2.1
PLC Panasonic ................................................................................................................ 5
2.1.1 Gii thiu tng qut ........................................................................................................ 5
2.1.2 Ngun cung cp .............................................................................................................. 7
2.1.3 Vng nh ........................................................................................................................ 8
2.1.4 Cc ng vo, ra tn hiu (I/O) ......................................................................................... 9
2.1.5 Module m rng ........................................................................................................... 14
2.1.6 Cc chc nng c bit ................................................................................................. 15
2.1.7 Truyn thng ................................................................................................................. 17
2.2
Giao din GT32 ............................................................................................................ 19
2.2.1 HMI Panasonic ............................................................................................................. 19
2.2.2 Chc nng ca GT32 .................................................................................................... 19
2.2.3 Truyn thng vi GT32 ................................................................................................ 19
2.2.4 Phn mm thit k giao din GTWIN .......................................................................... 20
2.3
PCWay .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1 Gii thiu tng qut ...................................................................................................... 20
2.3.2 Chc nng iu khin, kim sot PLC ......................................................................... 20
2.3.3 Chc nng thu thp, qun l d liu ............................................................................. 20
2.3.4 Giao din SCADA ........................................................................................................ 21

vii
Chng 3: H thng iu khin nhit .................................................................................. 22
3.1
S khi ca h thng ............................................................................................... 22
3.2
Cc loi cm bin o nhit ....................................................................................... 23
3.2.1 Nhit in tr bn dn .................................................................................................. 23
3.2.2 Nhit in tr kim loi .................................................................................................. 24
3.2.3 Cp nhit ngu .............................................................................................................. 24
3.2.4 Vi mch cm bin nhit ................................................................................................ 25
3.2.5 Ho k ........................................................................................................................... 25
3.3
Cc phng php iu khin nhit .......................................................................... 27
3.3.1 Phng php iu khin ON-OFF ................................................................................ 27
3.3.2 Phng php iu khin lin tc (PWM) ..................................................................... 28
3.4
Thut ton iu khin PID ............................................................................................ 29
3.4.1 Gii thiu ...................................................................................................................... 29
3.4.2 c trng ca cc b iu khin P,I,D ......................................................................... 30
3.4.3 iu khin PID tng t............................................................................................... 34
3.4.4 iu khin PID s ......................................................................................................... 35
3.5
Thit k l nhit ............................................................................................................ 35
3.5.1 Chn thit b gia nhit................................................................................................... 35
3.5.2 Chn cm bin .............................................................................................................. 36
3.5.3 Khi iu khin cng sut ............................................................................................ 36
3.5.4 M hnh l nhit............................................................................................................ 38
3.6
Tnh ton cc thng s cho b iu khin PID ............................................................. 38
3.6.1 M hnh ton hc .......................................................................................................... 39
3.6.2 Tnh ton chn K P , K I , K D bng cc phng php Auto-Tuning .............................. 39
3.7
H thng SCADA ......................................................................................................... 43
3.7.1 Tng quan h thng SCADA ........................................................................................ 43
3.7.2 Quy trnh iu khin nhit ............................................................................................ 44
Chng 4: Kt qu thc nghim .............................................................................................. 46
4.1
M hnh kt ni h thng thc t .................................................................................. 46
4.2
Thng s chng trnh .................................................................................................. 47
4.3
Phn tch th ............................................................................................................. 48
4.4
Lu tr d liu .............................................................................................................. 52
Chng 5: Kt lun v hng pht trin ti ........................................................................ 54
5.1
Kt lun ......................................................................................................................... 54
5.2
........................................................................................................... 54
Ti liu tham kho .................................................................................................................... 56
Ph lc A: Chng trnh PLC .................................................................................................. 57
Ph lc B: Chng trnh VBA ................................................................................................. 58

viii

Danh sch hnh v


Hnh 2.1 PLC ca hng Panasonic ............................................................................................ 6
Hnh 2.2 Cch ni ngun cung cp cho PLC v module m rng ............................................. 8
Hnh 2.3 S mch in ng vo (PLC c ng ra relay) ...................................................... 10
Hnh 2.4 S mch in ng vo X0 X3 (PLC c ng ra transistor) ................................. 11
Hnh 2.5 S mch in ng vo t X4 (PLC c ng ra transistor) ..................................... 11
Hnh 2.6 Ng ra PLC kiu relay ............................................................................................... 12
Hnh 2.7 S mch in ng ra (Y0 Y3) kiu transistor .................................................... 13
Hnh 2.8 S mch in ng ra (t Y4) kiu transistor......................................................... 13
Hnh 2.9 Module m rng (COM5) ca Panasonic ................................................................. 15
Hnh 2.10 ng dng iu khin v tr ca PLC hng Panasonic ............................................. 15
Hnh 2.11 Cc ch iu khn PID ca PLC hng Panasonic ............................................ 16
Hnh 2.12 Truyn thng Ethernet trong PLC hng Panasonic ................................................ 17
Hnh 3.1 S khi h thng iu khin nhit ......................................................................... 23
Hnh 3.2 So snh c tuyn ca thermistor v RTD ................................................................ 24
Hnh 3.3 S khi iu khin on-off l nhit ........................................................................ 27
Hnh 3.4 S khi b hiu chnh PID .................................................................................... 29
Hnh 3.5 nh hng ca khu P n p ng ng ra .............................................................. 31
Hnh 3.6 nh hng ca khu I n p ng ng ra ............................................................... 32
Hnh 3.7 nh hng ca khu D n p ng ng ra ............................................................. 33
Hnh 3.8 S mt mch PID tng t in hnh dng OpAmp ............................................. 34
Hnh 3.9 Ri rc ho tn hiu lin tc trong iu khin s ...................................................... 35
Hnh 3.10 Cm bin nhit (thermo-couple - cp nhit ngu loi K ) ....................................... 36
Hnh 3.11 S mch kch dn triac ....................................................................................... 37
Hnh 3.12 th kch dn triac ................................................................................................ 37
Hnh 3.13 M hnh l nhit....................................................................................................... 38
Hnh 3.14 S khi h thng iu khin nhit ....................................................................... 39
Hnh 3.15 M hnh ho h thng l nhit ................................................................................. 39
Hnh 3.16 p ng nc ca h vng h c dng ch S ........................................................... 40
Hnh 3.17 p ng nc ca h kn khi K=Kgh ......................................................................... 41
Hnh 3.18 H thng tuyn tnh iu khin bng relay .............................................................. 42
Hnh 3.19 p ng ca h thng tuyn tnh iu khin bng relay ......................................... 42
Hnh 3.20 Quy trnh iu khin l nhit ................................................................................... 44
Hnh 3.21 Hp thoi ci t qu trnh nhit ....................................................................... 45
Hnh 3.22 Giao din chnh iu khin h thng ....................................................................... 45
Hnh 4.1 M hnh h thng iu khin v gim st nhit .................................................... 47
Hnh 4.2 Thng s K P , TI , TD sau qu trnh Auto-Tuning ....................................................... 47
Hnh 4.3 Qu trnh Auto-Tuning v iu khin PID ................................................................ 49
Hnh 4.4 p ng ti 60oC, bias value bng 0oC..................................................................... 49
Hnh 4.5 p ng ti 60oC, bias value bng 5oC..................................................................... 50
Hnh 4.6 p ng ti 65oC, bias value bng 7oC.................................................................... 51
Hnh 4.7 p ng vi 3 qu trnh nhit khc nhau: 60oC, 70oC v 65oC........................... 51
Hnh 4.8 p ng vi 2 qu trnh nhit khc nhau: 65oC v 60oC..................................... 52

ix

Danh mc bng biu


Bng 2.1 c tnh ngun cung cp cho PLC ............................................................................. 7
Bng 2.2 Cu trc vng nh PLC h C30/C60 .......................................................................... 9
Bng 2.3 Cu trc vng nh cho cassettes v module m rng................................................ 9
Bng 2.4 Cu trc vng nh cho module m rng FP0 ........................................................... 10
Bng 2.5 c tnh ng vo (PLC c ng ra relay) .................................................................. 11
Bng 2.6 S mch in ng vo (PLC c ng ra transistor) ............................................. 12
Bng 2.7 c tnh ng ra PLC kiu relay ................................................................................ 13
Bng 2.8 c tnh ng ra kiu transistor (NPN)...................................................................... 14
Bng 3.1 c im k thut ca cc loi cp nhit ngu ........................................................ 25
Bng 3.2 So snh c im ca ba loi cm bin nhit: cp nhit ngu, nhit in tr kim loi
v nhit in tr bn dn .......................................................................................................... 26
Bng 3.3 S thay i p ng ng ra khi tng cc h s K P , K I , K D .................................... 33
Bng 3.4 Thng s iu chnh PID da vo p ng nc h h .............................................. 41
Bng 3.5 Thng s iu chnh PID da vo p ng nc h kn ............................................. 41
Bng 3.6 B thng s iu chnh PID da vo phng php relay-feedback ......................... 43
Bng 4.1 D liu thu thp v Excel thng qua PCWay ............................................................ 48
Bng 4.2 Thng s ng vi qu trnh p ng qu ca h thng nhit ............................. 50

Danh mc cc t vit tt
1. HMI

Human Machine Interface

2. PID

Proportional Integral Derivative

3. PLC

Programmable Logic Controller

4. PV

Present Value

5. PWM

Pulse Width Modulation

6. SCADA

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

7. SP

Setpoint

8. TC

Thermo-Couple

9. VBA

Visual Basic Application

1. M u

Chng 1

M u
Chng ny trnh by vn tt qu trnh hnh thnh mt ti cng nh ton b ni dung ca
ti. Ni dung gm cc phn chnh nh sau: tnh cp thit v l do chn ti; mc tiu v
nhim v nghin cu; phm vi v gii hn nghin cu; ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca
ti.

1.1 Tng quan


Vic la chn mt ti i vo tm hiu nghin cu khng phi da trn cm quan ca
ngi thc hin m phi xut pht t nhu cu thc t mang tnh cp thit, v i hi phi hin
thc ha bng nhng sn phm ng dng c th. Hn na, mt ti kh thi s mang li cm
hng nghin cu sng to cho con ngi.
Ngy nay, cc thit b iu khin t ng v ang c ng dng rng ri trong cng
nghip. PLC thay th cc k thut iu khin lc hu v pht huy hiu qu hot ng ti u
trong nhiu dy chuyn sn xut t ng ho. Mn hnh giao din cng nghip (Human
Machine Interface - HMI) gip kim sot hot ng ca h thng t nhiu ni khc nhau v
thn thin vi ngi vn hnh. Theo nhu cu thc t, cc thit b iu khin phi c kt ni
vi nhau thnh mt mng thng nht chia s thng tin v d liu ca h thng, ng thi
thc hin kim sot t xa. T mng SCADA tr thnh s la chn tt yu trong iu khin
hin i.
Vic ng dng cc thit b t ng ni trn vo vic iu khin nhit v ang ph bin
rng ri vi nhiu mc ch v quy m khc nhau. Hu ht cc ng dng ny u nhm gii

1. M u

bi ton n nh h thng vi cht lng tt nht bng thut ton PID. Tuy nhin mc ca
s n nh n u, v kh nng vn dng linh hot nhng c tnh ni tri ca thit b t
ng nh th no th cn phi c nghin cu c th, nghim tc.
Xut pht t nhu cu thc t nu trn, ti quyt nh chn ti Xy dng h thng iu
khin v gim st nhit l nhit thc hin n tt nghip. y l ti mang tnh
cng ngh v nghin cu hng vo ng dng c th.

1.2 Mc tiu, nhim v ca ti


Sau khi xc nh c i tng v ch th nghin cu, vic xc nh mc tiu s l bc
quan trng k tip nhm nh hng ng n cho quy trnh thc hin n. Tip theo, tng
nhim v c th s c ra v thc hin nhm t c nhng mc tiu nu. Mc tiu
v nhim v c th c th hin nh sau:
Mc tiu:
iu khin ti u nhit bng phng php PID s dng cc sn phm t ng ca
hng Panasonic
Xy dng h thng kim sot v thu thp d liu nhit bng vic lin kt my tnh
vi PLC thng qua phn mm PCWay
Xy dng h thng c kh nng m rng ng dng, ph hp vi nhu cu thc t
Nhim v:
Chn la cm bin v thit b gia nhit hp l
Xy dng m hnh iu khin nhit
Phn tch la chn gii thut iu khin ti u
Xy dng giao din iu khin
Vit chng trnh v th nghim kim chng

1. M u

1.3 Gii hn ti nghin cu


Trong phm vi ti ny s thc hin iu khin nhit s dng in nng. Vic thu thp
d liu v iu khin gim st bao gm mt my tnh c d liu v thng qua mt PLC v c
tng tc vi mt mn hnh cng nghip HMI. H thng ch iu khin mt l nhit, cha
lin kt mng gia cc PLC v my tnh vi nhau nn quy m cn nh. Phng php iu
khin ch da trn thut ton PID, cha s dng cc thut ton hin i nh fuzzy logic v
mng neuron. Tuy nhin, h thng c xy dng c tnh m c th m rng ng dng
mt cch d dng.

1.4 ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti


Vic nghin cu thnh cng ti mang li nhiu ngha su sc. Bt k mt ng dng hay
th nghim c th no cng da trn nhng c s l thuyt khoa hc c sn hay gi nh khoa
hc. Kt qu ca ti ny mt ln na kim chng c l thuyt, chng minh tnh ng
n v tnh u vit ca lut iu khin PID, tnh m v hin i ca h thng SCADA. V
thc tin, sau khi nghin cu thnh cng ti, sinh vin l ngi trc tip th hng c
nhiu thnh qu nht. Qu trnh thc hin ti l mt ln tri nghim thc t v cng b ch.
L thuyt iu khin t ng c cng c thm, bn cnh mi trng cng nghip
cng gn gi hn th hin qua tiu ch la chn tng phng php v thit b c th. Mt
minh chng r rng rng khu tch phn (I) lm gim thi gian tng trng (ngha l tit kim
mt khong thi gian nh b) nhng vi hng nghn hng triu sn phm mi ngy th bng
php nhn chng ta s tit kim mt lng thi gian ng k.

1.5 Ni dung ti
Phn cn li ca ti c ni dung nh sau:
Chng 2: Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay
Gii thiu tng qut nht c im k thut cng nh kh nng ng dng ca cc sn phm
ca hng Panasonic vo h thng iu khin nhit.

1. M u

Chng 3: H thng iu khin nhit


y l chng trng im ca n. Trc tin ngi thc hin phi gii thiu v cc loi
cm bin nhit ang c dng ph bin; cc phng php iu khin nhit t c in n
hin i; thut ton iu khin PID vi c im ca tng khu ring bit cng nh tnh u
vit ca phng php ny. Tip theo, n trnh by cc bc tin hnh t thit k l nhit
n tnh ton chn thng s K P , TI , TD da trn phng php Zeigler-Nichols v relayfeedback. Phn cui ca n gii thiu v h thng SCADA cng gii thut iu khin
chng trnh trn c s iu khin thng qua mng SCADA.
Chng 4: Kt qu thc nghim
Trong chng ny, mi kt qu c c t m hnh l nhit thc t c trnh by r rng
mch lc, theo th t i chiu vi l thuyt iu khin, ng thi a ra nhng phn tch
bnh lun v kt qu t c.
Chng 5: Kt lun
Nu kt lun chung v u im v hn ch ca ti, khng nh nhng kt qu ng gp t
c, xut kin ci thin khuyt im v hng pht trin ti.

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

Chng 2

Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay


Chng ny m t khi qut cc sn phm ca hng Panasonic. H PLC FPX khng nhng
th hin y tnh nng ca mt PLC m cn c nhng c im k thut ni tri v vng
nh d liu, kh nng m rng thm module, chc nng truyn thng Bn cnh PLC, GT32
l mt sn phm mi kiu giao din ngi my (Human Machine Interface - HMI), y l
mn hnh cng nghip a mu a chc nng c lp trnh t my tnh bng phn mm
chuyn dng GTWIN tng thch vi nhiu loi mn hnh ca cc hng khc nhau. Chng
ny cng trnh by nhng c im ca phn mm gim st v thu thp d liu PCWay ca
Panasonic. Phn mm ny l chng trnh nhng chy trn nn ca Microsoft Excel th hin
y tnh nng ca mt phn mm SCADA. Chng 2 c trnh by nh sau: mc 2.1 gii
thiu tng quan v cc c im ca h PLC Panasonic; mn hnh gim st cng nghip GT32
c cp trong mc 2.2 v mc 2.3 trnh by tnh nng ca phn mm PCWay.

2.1 PLC Panasonic


L thit b logic kh trnh, h PLC FPxx ca hng Panasonic khng ch th hin y tnh
nng ca mt PLC thng mi m cn c nhng u im ni bt cho nhiu ng dng trong
cng nghip.

2.1.1

Gii thiu tng qut

PLC (Programmable Logic Controller hay Programmable Controller) thc cht l mt my


tnh in t c s dng trong cc qu trnh t ng ha trong cng nghip; l thit b iu

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

khin c th "lp trnh mm", lm vic theo chng trnh lu trong b nh (nh mt my tnh
iu khin chuyn dng). PLC thch hp nht cho iu khin logic (thay th cc rle), song
cng c chc nng iu chnh (nh PID, m,...) v cc chc nng tnh ton khc. Lc u,
PLC ch yu c ng dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip ch to, iu khin cc qu trnh
ri rc. Trong cc h SCADA, PLC pht huy c nhiu u im v th mnh. Lch s pht
trin ca PLC nh sau:
1968: Richard Morley sng to tng PLC cho General Motors
1969: PLC u tin (Allen Bradley v Bedford) c GM s dng trong cng nghip
-t (128 DI/DO, 1kByte b nh)
1971: ng dng PLC u tin ngoi CN -t
1976: Ln u tin s dng trong h thng phn cp iu khin dy chuyn sn xut
1980: Cc module vo/ra thng minh
1981: PLC ni mng, 16-bit PLC, cc mn hnh CRT mu
1982: PLC vi 8192 I/O (ln nht)
1996: Slot-PLC, Soft-PLC,...
Nh hat ng theo chng trnh nn PLC c th c ng dng iu khin nhiu thit b
my mc khc nhau. Ch cn thay i chng trnh iu khin v cch kt ni th chnh PLC
iu khin thit b, hay my mc khc. Cng nh vy, nu mun thay i quy lut hot
ng ca my mc, thit b hay h thng sn xut t ng, rt n gin, ch cn thay i
chng trnh iu khin. Cc i tng m PLC c th iu khin c rt a dng, t my
bm, my ct, my khoan, l nhit n cc h thng phc tp nh: bng ti, h thng
chuyn mch t ng (ATS), thang my, dy chuyn sn xut v.v

Hnh 2.1 PLC ca hng Panasonic


(http://www.clrwtr.com/Images/Panasonic/Panasonic-FP-X-PLC.jpg )

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

PLC c nhng u im m cc b iu khin c in dng dy ni v Relay khng th no


snh c: - Lp trnh d dng, ngn ng lp trnh d hc. - Gn nh nn thun li khi di
chuyn, lp t. - D bo qun, sa cha. - B nh c dung lng ln , np xa d dng, cha
c nhng chng trnh phc tp. - chnh xc cao. - kh nng x l nhanh. - Hot ng
tt trong mi trng cng nghip. - Giao tip c vi nhiu thit b, my tnh, mng v cc
thit b iu khin khc.
Cng vi cc hng t ng ni ting trn th gii nh: Siemens, Mitsubishi, Allen Bradley,
Omron tp on in t Panasonic cng cho ra i th h PLC u tin vi tn CES vo
nm 2004. Vi mc ch cnh tranh trn th trng, th h PLC mi ca Panasonic mang
y cc tnh nng m cc hng PLC khc hin c, ngoi ra cn tch hp mt s chc nng
c bit nhm thun li hn cho cc ng dng trong cng nghip. Cc loi PLC hin c ca
Panasonic gm: FP0, FP1, FP2, FP3, FP10SH, FP2SH, FP-E, FP-X, FP-M, FP-Sigma.
phm vi n ny, ngi thc hin ch nghin cu FP-X vi cc tnh nng v ng dng ca
FP-X.

2.1.2

Ngun cung cp

Ging nh cc loi PLC khc, FP-X cng s dng b ngun xung cho php m rng di in
p ng vo m vn n nh in p cung cp cho PLC gip PLC hot ng bnh thng. Cc
c trng ca b ngun FP-X cho bi bng 2.1.
Chi tit
Thng s
C14
Di in p
Dng tiu th
Thi gian mt ngun cho php
Tn s
Dng in r
Thi gian hot ng ca pin d tr
Cu ch bo v
Cch in

C30/C60

100 240 VAC


0.3 A (100 VAC) 0.7 A (100 VAC)
10 ms (100 VAC)
50/60 Hz (47 63 Hz)
0.75mA gia ng vo v im ni t
20.000 gi (ti 55OC)
Gn bn trong, khng th thay th
S dng bin p cch ly

Bng 2.1 c tnh ngun cung cp cho PLC


Ngun cung cp cho PLC c kt ni theo mt s quy nh ca nh sn xut m bo s
hot ng n nh ca PLC:

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

PLC cn dng bin p cch ly tch bit gia phn iu khin v cc ng vo ra.
Ngoi ra dy ni phi l dy cp xon c thit din nh nht l 2mm2 (Hnh 2.2). m
bo c cc iu kin ny s lm gim ng k nhiu cho PLC.
C PLC v cc module m rng phi c cp cng mt ngun in p khi tt v
m c ng thi.

Hnh 2.2 Cch ni ngun cung cp cho PLC v module m rng


im ni t ca cc thit b khc nhau phi khc nhau, nu ni chung mt im s
dn ti hiu ng ngc, thit din dy ni t nh nht l 2mm2 v m bo in tr
t khng vt qu 100 Ohm.

2.1.3

Vng nh

c im vng nh ca PLC hng Panasonic v c bn ging nh cc loi PLC khc nhng


c thm cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit lm c trng ring cho sn phm. Chi tit c
gii thiu c th trong bng 2.2.
Tn

Relay

Vng nh (C30/C60)
Ng vo tn hiu (X)

1760 (X0 X10F)

Ng ra iu khin (Y)
Relay ni (R)
Relay lin kt (L)
Timer (T)

1760 (Y0 Y10F)


4096 (R0 R255F)
2048 (L0 L127F)
1024
T0 T1007
C1008 C1023

Counter (C)
Relay ni c bit (R)

192 (R9000 R911F)

Chc nng
On/off ph thuc bn
ngoi
iu khin thit b ngoi
On/off t chng trnh
c s dng vi PC link
On khi timer m trn
On/off vi iu kin c
bit v c c bo hiu

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay


Ng vo (WX)
Ng ra (WY)
Relay ni (WR)

Thanh
ghi

110 (WX0 WX109)


110 (WY0 WY109)
256 (WR0 WR255)

D liu 16 bit ng vo
D liu 16 bit ng ra
Dng nh tip im ni
Dng trong ch PLC
Link relay (WL)
128 (WR0 WR127)
link
32765 word (DT0
Lu d liu ca chng
Thanh ghi d liu
DT32764)
trnh
Thanh ghi d liu lin
Dng trong ch PLC
256 word (LD0 LD255)
kt (LD)
link
Vng nh lu gi tr 1024 word (SV0
Lu gi tr ci t cho
timer/counter (SV)
SV1023)
timer/counter
Vng nh lu gi tr 1024 word (EV0
Lu gi tr hin ti ca
timer/counter (EV)
EV1023)
timer/counter
Vng nh c bit 374 word
Lu gi tr c bit
(DT)
(DT90000DT90373)
c s dng nh a ch
Thanh ghi ch s
14 word (I0I13)
ca vng nh
Bng 2.2 Cu trc vng nh PLC h C30/C60

2.1.4

Cc ng vo, ra tn hiu (I/O)

PLC FP-X loi C30T c 16 ng vo (X0-XF) v 14 ng ra (Y0-YD). PLC FP-X cng h tr


hai khe cm cho hai cassettes (gm nhiu mc ch khc nhau, c chia lm su loi t
COM1 COM6 dng cho truyn thng Modbus, RS232, RS485, cc knh analog,). Ngoi
ra PLC cn cho php m rng thm ti a 8 module I/O. a ch cc ng vo ra ca cassettes
v module m rng c cho bng 2.3.
Input
Output
PLC
X0X9F (WX0 WX9)
Y0Y9F (WY0 WY9)
Cassette 1
X100X19F (WX10 WX19)
Y100Y19F (WY10 WY19)
Cassette 2
X200X29F (WX20 WX29)
Y200Y29F (WY20 WY29)
Module 1
X300X39F (WX30 WX39)
Y300Y39F (WY30 WY39)
Module 2
X400X49F (WX40 WX49)
Y400Y49F (WY40 WY49)
Module 3
X500X59F (WX50 WX59)
Y500Y59F (WY50 WY59)
Module 4
X600X69F (WX60 WX69)
Y600Y69F (WY60 WY69)
Module 5
X700X79F (WX70 WX79)
Y700Y79F (WY70 WY79)
Module 6
X800X89F (WX80 WX89)
Y800Y89F (WY80 WY89)
Module 7
X900X99F (WX90 WX99)
Y900Y99F (WY90 WY99)
Module 8 X1000X109F (WX100 WX109) Y1000Y109F (WY100 WY109)
Bng 2.3 Cu trc vng nh cho cassettes v module m rng
v tr cui cng ca ng bus m rng cc module (tc l phn bn phi ca thanh rail)
cho php kt ni duy nht mt module m rng FP0, mi module FP0 ch cho php m rng

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

10

ti a 3 module I/O. Kt qu l tu vo v tr ca FP0 m 3 module I/O s c a ch khc


nhau. Bng 2.4 trnh by chi tit v a ch ca 3 module ny.
V tr khi m rng
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Module th 1

Module th 2

Module th 3

X300 X31F
Y300 Y31F
X400 X41F
Y400 Y41F
X500 X51F
Y500 Y51F
X600 X61F
Y600 Y61F
X700 X71F
Y700 Y71F
X800 X81F
Y800 Y81F
X900 X91F
Y900 Y91F
X1000 X101F
Y1000 Y101F

X320 X33F
Y320 Y33F
X420 X43F
Y420 Y43F
X520 X53F
Y520 Y53F
X620 X63F
Y620 Y63F
X720 X73F
Y720 Y73F
X820 X83F
Y820 Y83F
X920 X93F
Y920 Y93F
X1020 X103F
Y1020 Y103F

X340 X35F
Y340 Y35F
X440 X45F
Y440 Y45F
X540 X55F
Y540 Y55F
X640 X65F
Y640 Y65F
X740 X75F
Y740 Y75F
X840 X85F
Y840 Y85F
X940 X95F
Y940 Y95F
X1040 X105F
Y1040 Y105F

Bng 2.4 Cu trc vng nh cho module m rng FP0

2.1.4.1 Ng vo tn hiu
Ng vo c thit k vi mch ghp quang photodiode cho php cch ly an ton gia tn
hiu vo v mch in PLC. Hai diode quang ghp ngc nhau gip PLC nhn c c tn
hiu mt chiu ln xoay chiu.
Ng vo (PLC kiu relay):
S mch in ng vo ca PLC kiu relay c trnh by nh hnh 2.3.

Hnh 2.3 S mch in ng vo (PLC c ng ra relay)

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

11

c tnh ng vo in p 24V v iu kin nhit 25oC c m t trong bng 2.5.


Thng s
Cch ly
in p nh mc
Di in p cho php

Chi tit
B ghp quang
24 VDC
21.6 25.4 VDC
4.7mA (X0 X7)
Dng nh mc
4.3 mA (X8)
5.1 kOhm (X0 X7)
Tng tr ng vo
5.6 kOhm (X8)
0.6mS (ng vo mc nh)
Off On 50uS (HSC, ngt)
0.6mS (X8)
Thi gian p ng
0.6mS (ng vo mc nh)
On Off 50uS (HSC, ngt)
0.6mS (X8)
Bng 2.5 c tnh ng vo (PLC c ng ra relay)
Ng vo (PLC c ng ra kiu transistor):
Vi PLC c ng ra kiu transistor th ng vo c s kt ni khc vi cc loi khc mt
vi im c th hin trong hai hnh 2.4 v 2.5.

Hnh 2.4 S mch in ng vo X0 X3 (PLC c ng ra transistor)

Hnh 2.5 S mch in ng vo t X4 (PLC c ng ra transistor)

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

12

c tnh ng vo in p 24V v iu kin nhit 25oC c m t trong bng tm tt


(Bng 2.6).
Thng s

Chi tit

Cch ly

B ghp quang

in p nh mc

24 VDC
8 mA (X0 X3)
Dng in nh mc 4.7 mA (X4 X7)
4.3 mA (t X8)
4 kOhm (X0 X3)
Tng tr ng vo
5.1 kOhm (X4 X7)
5.6 kOhm (t X8)
Off On
5uS (HSC, ngt, m xung)
X0 X3
p ng thi gian
135uS (ng vo mc nh)
135uS (ng vo mc nh)
X4 X7
50uS (HSC, ngt, m xung)
T X8
0.6 mS
Bng 2.6 S mch in ng vo (PLC c ng ra transistor)

2.1.4.2 Ng ra iu khin
Cu to ng ra l mt trong nhng tiu ch phn loi PLC. H FP-X c hai dng ng ra l
relay v transistor, c hai dng ny u c cu to m bo cch ly v in gia ng ra v
thit b bn trong. c bit vi ng ra dng cc thu h cho php ngi s dng linh hot
la chn in p cung cp cho ti v cho php p ng vi tn s cao. Bn cnh , ng ra
dng relay hot ng tt vi in p xoay chiu, cng sut ln nhng hn ch v tn s p
ng.
Ng ra dng relay
S mch in ca ng ra dng relay c th hin nh hnh 2.5.

Hnh 2.6 Ng ra PLC kiu relay

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

13

c tnh ng ra ca PLC c ng ra kiu relay c th hin trong bng 2.7.


Chi tit
C30/C60
Cch ly
Relay
Kiu ng ra
Relay (khng thay th)
2 A 250 VAC, 2A 30VDC
Dng nh mc
6A
8A
Off On
10 mS
p ng thi gian
On Off
8 mS
Thng s

bn

C14

20 triu ln (180 ln/pht)

in

100 nghn ln (20 ln/pht)

Bng 2.7 c tnh ng ra PLC kiu relay


Ng ra kiu transistor (NPN)
Hnh 2.7 v 2.8 trnh by chi tit s mch in ng ra ca PLC c dng transistor. Qua
cho thy c u im ca ng ra transistor dng cc thu h l c th thay i in p
cung cp cho ti.

Hnh 2.7 S mch in ng ra (Y0 Y3) kiu transistor

Hnh 2.8 S mch in ng ra (t Y4) kiu transistor

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

14

c tnh ng ra kiu transistor (NPN) c cho bi bng 2.8.


Thng s
Cch ly
in p nh mc
Di in p
Dng in max
Xung dng in max
Dng r
in p ri khi dn
p
ng
thi
gian

OFF ON
ON OFF

Ngun ngoi

Chi tit
B ghp quang
5 24 VDC
4.75 26.4 VDC
0.5 A
1.5 A
1uS
0.3 VDC
2uS (Y0 Y3) (I_ti 15mA)
20uS (C14: Y4 Y5, C30/C60: Y4 Y7) (I_ti 15 mA)
1mS (C30/C60: t Y8)
8uS (Y0 Y3) (I_ti 15mA)
30uS (C14: Y4 Y5, C30/C60: Y4 Y7) (I_ti 15 mA)
1mS (C30/C60: t Y8)
Din p
21.6 26.4 VDC
Y0Y5(Y7) Y8 YD Y10 Y17 Y18Y1D
Dng
in
C30 60mA
35mA
---

Bng 2.8 c tnh ng ra kiu transistor (NPN)

2.1.5

Module m rng

Module m rng l mt yu cu cn thit ca ngi s dng tng s lng ng vo ra tn


hiu iu khin, thc hin mt s chc nng chuyn bit nh: chuyn i s sang tng t v
ngc li, thu thp d liu t cc loi cm bin, tr gip truyn thng, pht xung PWM, b
m tc cao,
C hai phng php m rng module cho FP-X:
Gn trc tip cc module m rng s ng vo ra ca PLC hay s dng b tng thch
FP0 thng qua cp kt ni cc module analog v module c nhit t TC. FP-X
cho php m rng ti a 8 module vo ra v 7 module chuyn dng nu dng FP0.
Cc module m rng phi c t trn cng mt thanh rail cc kt ni ngun v
truyn thng c m bo lin tc.
S dng cc cassettes gn trc tip vo PLC. FP-X c thit k sn hai slot 1 v 2
cho php ti a 2 cassettes c gn vo. Trc khi tho lp cassettes phi m bo
rng PLC c tt ngun.

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

15

Hnh 2.9 Module m rng (COM5) ca Panasonic

2.1.6

Cc chc nng c bit

Bn cnh cc chc nng thng dng m mt PLC cn phi c nh: c ng vo, iu khin
ng ra, thc hin cc php so snh logic v tnh ton s hc, di chuyn v x l d liu th FPX c thit k vi mt s chc nng c bit nhm lm n gin cng vic khi tin hnh lp
trnh v tng tnh u vit ca sn phm.
iu khin v tr (Possition control):
iu khin v tr l mt trong nhng chc nng c bit ca ca FP-X dng trong cc ng
dng lin quan n xc nh ta (Hnh 2.10). c trang b cc hm dng sn, cc ng ra
ca PLC s pht xung vi tn s thay i iu khin ng c bc (mi ng c bc c mt
module iu khin ring bit). i vi mi ch lm vic khc nhau, tn s ng ra s bin
i tng ng vi ch c xc nh. H FP-X cho php iu khin v tr theo theo 3
cch chnh: iu khin hnh thang (Treperzoidal), iu khin v gc to (Home) v iu
khin nhy bc (Jog). u im chnh ca in khin v tr l cho php gia tc v gim tc
trong thi gian mong mun ph hp vi ch lm vic ca ti, t c vn tc yu cu.
Chc nng iu khin v tr c th c ng dng trong lnh vc gia cng c kh chnh xc.

Hnh 2.10 ng dng iu khin v tr ca PLC hng Panasonic

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

16

PWM
Phng php iu ch rng xung (PWM) c xy dng sn trong hm F173 v mt s
hm khc cho php pht xung vi tn s v t l duty xc nh. Tu vo ng dng c th i
vi tng i tng iu khin m ngi lp trnh s chn tn s iu khin ph hp.
c nhit trc tip t cm bin
C hai cch c nhit trc tip t cm bin. Module m rng TC04 hoc TC08 s c tng
ng 4 hoc 8 ng vo analog c gi tr in p trc tip t cm bin (cp nhit ngu -TC).
Cch th hai, nhit c th c trc tip t TC qua cassettes c gn vo slot1 hoc slot2.
Ch rng gi tr nhit c lu dng s nguyn trong thanh ghi 1 word. Tng ng vi
th t ca module m rng hay v tr ca slot m truy xut vng nh ng vo cho hp l.
Auto-Tuning
Trong hm F356, hm chuyn bit iu khin nhit bng thut ton PID s, k thut AutoTuning c a vo tnh ton cc h s K P , TI , TD ca b iu khin. u tin, thng s
K P , TI , TD c tham chiu n vng nh ca PLC ly cc gi tr mc nh. Tip theo, tu

vo ch lm nng hay lm lnh ca h thng nhit m b iu khin PID s hot ng


ch nghch hay thun. Sau hai chu k dao ng ca p ng (l khong thi gian AutoTuning c tnh ton), b thng s K P , TI , TD thch hp cho h thng s c tnh ra. Kt
qu c lu vo vng nh PLC ( khai bo) v dng iu khin cho sut qu trnh.

Hnh 2.11 Cc ch iu khin PID ca PLC hng Panasonic


T chn on v x l li (Self-diagnostic and troubleshooting)
Hu ht cc PLC c thit k c cc n bo ch th thng bo trng thi hot ng ca
PLC. Trong n bo Error sng nhp nhy khi hot ng ca PLC khng bnh thng. Cc

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

17

li thng xy ra nh trng a ch ng ra hoc li c php trong cu lnh Tt c cc li m


PLC pht hin ra u c thng bo trong hp thoi ngi s dng bit v sa li. S cn
thit ca cnh bo li s m bo rng cc PLC hot ng ng tin cy.

2.1.7

Truyn thng

Truyn thng l mt th mnh ca PLC h FP-X. Ngoi hai cng giao tip chnh l Tool-Port
v USB- Port th hai slot 1 v 2 cho php ghp ni vi 6 cassettes cng c chc nng giao tip
vi nhiu chun khc nhau. Chi tit c m t nh hnh 2.12:

Hnh 2.12 Truyn thng Ethernet trong PLC hng Panasonic

2.1.7.1 Chc nng ca Tool Port


Vi Tool Port th FP-X cho php hai ch truyn thng sau:
Computer link
Computer link c s dng kt ni gia my tnh v PLC. Lnh iu khin l cc bc
in c mang thng tin iu khin. Vic trao i d liu c thc hin thng qua giao thc
MEWTOCOL-COM. C hai phng php truyn thng chnh trong giao thc ny l 1:1 v
1:N (c gi l C-Net). C-Net cho php kt ni ti a ti 99 PLC.
General-purpose serial communication
Vi cng giao tip General-purpose serial communication th d liu s c trao i qua li
gia PLC v thit b ngoi vi. Vic giao tip ch c thc hin khi PLC ch RUN, ch
PROG th vic giao tip s t ng kt ni nhng d liu ch c lu trong b m v s
b xo khi chuyn sang ch RUN.

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

18

2.1.7.2 Chc nng ca USB Port


Vi USB Port , FP-X ch cho php mt ch truyn thng duy nht.
Computer link
ch Computer link th USB Port hot ng ging hon ton Tool Port. Tuy nhin vic
lin kt ny s c my tnh hiu l lin kt thng qua COM Port ca my tnh.

2.1.7.3 Chc nng truyn thng ca cassettes


Vi cassettes, FP-X cho php truyn thng vi 4 ch .
Computer link
Computer c dng truyn thng gia my tnh v cc PLC hay gia PLC vi cc thit b
ngoi vi khc. Giao thc c s dng l MEWTOCOL-COM v cng cho php lp trnh cho
PLC qua giao thc ny. PLC pht lnh iu khin c gi l master, cc PLC cn li nhn
lnh v thc thi lnh c gi l slave. Mc d Tool Port cho php truyn thng vi ch
Computer link nhng khng c nh ngha chc nng master. Hai lnh F145 v F146 c
dng cho ch truyn v nhn d liu trong Computer link.
General-purpose serial communication
Vi ch General-purpose serial communication, cassettes hot ng ging hon ton vi
Tool-Port cng ch truyn thng.
PC(PLC) link
Vi ch PC(PLC) link, FP-X h tr lin kt cc PLC vi nhau thng qua giao thc
MEWNET (ti a 16 PLC) lin kt bng cp xon. Trong PC (PLC) link d liu (LR, LD)
c chia s cho tt c cc PLC. Ch c COM1 c dng vi PC (PLC) link.
Modbus RTU
Giao thc Modbus RTU cho php truyn thng gia FP-X v cc thit b khc (FP-e, GT v
cc b iu khin nhit ). Vic truyn thng c thc hin thng qua cc bc in cha
lnh iu khin (master) v p ng (slave). C ti a 99 thit b trn cng mt mng Modbus
RTU. C communication cassettes v USB Port u c dng cho Modbus RTU.

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

19

2.2 Giao din GT32


GT32 l mt in hnh ca giao din ngi - my c hng Panasonic pht trin t dng sn
phm GT. Vi tnh nng ni tri v ch hin th a mu, GT32 cho php ngi dng tng
tc n hu ht cc hot ng ca PLC. im mnh ca GT32 l giao din c thit k t
phn mm nn rt linh hot vi mi i tng iu khin. Trn mn hnh, ngi s dng c
th truy xut bt k mt i tng no, xem thng s ca h thng, ci t thng s, qun l
d liu hay cnh bo li

2.2.1

HMI Panasonic

HMI l dng sn phm i cng vi h thng PLC h tr ln nhau nhiu ng dng trong
cng nghip. Vi cng ngh ch to mn hnh cm ng, hng Panasonic cho ra i nhiu
loi HMI khc nhau. Cc loi chnh nh: GT01, GT05, GT11, GT12, GT21, GT30, GT32,
bao gm mn hnh n sc v a sc. Tt c cc HMI u c lp trnh bi phn mm
GTWIN t my tnh v giao tip vi PLC qua cng truyn thng ni tip.

2.2.2

Chc nng ca GT32

Chc nng chnh v c khai thc nhiu nht ca GT32 l vic c v hin th gi tr cc
thng s t h thng gip ngi vn hnh c th kim sot cc qu trnh d dng v trc quan
hn. Bn cnh con ngi c th can thip trc tip vo qu trnh bng cch thay i mt
hay nhiu thng s t HMI, tuy nhin tu vo mc quan trng ca thng s m HMI s
cho php can thip vo su hn bng cch cung cp cc m s ng nhp (password). theo
di din bin ca mt qu trnh lin tc, chc nng v th ca GT32 s cho php thc hin
iu ny, t y mi din bin ca h thng s c lu li. Trong qu trnh hot ng khng
thit b no c th m bo rng khng xy ra li, do GT32 cng l cng c hu hiu trong
vn cnh bo li v lu li tt c cc li xy ra x l v sau. i vi nhng qu trnh
iu khin m ch c cc b thng s thay i theo thi gian th chc nng recipe ca GT32
c th c dng qun l cc thng s ny mt cch d dng. Hn na, thun li cho
ngi s dng GT32 cng cho php chn la ngn ng hin th.

2.2.3

Truyn thng vi GT32

C bn cch chnh thc hin vic truyn thng vi GT32. Khi s dng PLC FP-X c cng
truyn thng COM-Port, PLC cho php truyn thng vi GT32 theo ba chun RS232C,
RS422, RS485 thng qua cc cassettes (COM3, COM4, COM6 khi s dng FP-X). Khi mun

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

20

kt ni GT32 vo mng PLC th c th dng cng truyn thng TOOL-Port. Cc cch truyn
thng nu trn cho php kt ni GT32 vo mng PLC mt khong cch kim sot
ton b hot ng ca nh my mi ni.

2.2.4

Phn mm thit k giao din GTWIN

GT32 l thit b kh trnh nn c lp trnh bi ngi s dng. Hng Panasonic cung cp


phn mm chuyn dng GTWIN, da vo phn mm ny ngi dng c th thit k giao din
nhiu trang mn hnh; tham chiu n cc thanh ghi v bit iu khin trong PLC; thng bo
trng thi lm vic; lu qu trnh iu khin bng th; t mt khu truy nhp; phi hp
mu sc tng thch vi mi trng lm vic. c bit GTWIN c th c dng lp trnh
cho HMI ca nhiu hng khc nhau nh Siemens, Allen Bradley, Mitshubishi, Omron,

2.3 PCWay
Vi chc nng thu thp d liu v iu khin gim st, phn mm PCWay nhng trong
Microsoft Excel cng c xem nh phn mm ca h thng SCADA.

2.3.1

Gii thiu tng qut

PCWay c nhng vo Microsoft Excel iu khin, thu thp d liu v gim st n gin,
thun li hn. c xy dng mt s hm chuyn dng, PCWay c th d dng chy trn
VBA to mi trng lin kt c s d liu v iu khin PLC mt cch hiu qu.

2.3.2

Chc nng iu khin, kim sot PLC

Trong tng sheet ca Microsoft Excel, mi cell c th c nh ngha l mt i tng


lin kt vi PLC. Bng cch double click vo mt xc nh, hp thoi giao din xut hin.
Trn hp thoi ny, ngi dng s la chn i tng lin kt l Relay ni (R) hoc mt
thanh ghi d liu (DT) hoc mt tp tin d liu cha thng s ca PLC. Khi PCWay c
kch hot, vic ng m cc Relay ni ca PLC c th c thc hin trc tip t cc cell
ni trn. Thao tc ng m ny cng c thc hin tng t v d dng t giao din iu
khin ca VBA. Nh vy nh PCWay, chc nng iu khin v kim sot PLC c th c
thc hin t xa.

2.3.3

Chc nng thu thp, qun l d liu

2. Tng quan h PLC, HMI, PCWay

21

Ngoi kh nng iu khin hot ng ca PLC th PCWay cn c th truy xut gi tr cc


thanh ghi d liu ca PLC, y l chc nng thu thp v qun l d liu c thc hin nh
PCWay. Trc tin ngi s dng phi nh ngha mt tp tin qun l chung. Trong tp tin
ny phi khai bo tn, s lng d liu thu thp, d kin tc ng, nh dng d liu thu thp
(s nguyn, s thc, gi tr ngy thng). Vic khai bo tp tin c thc hin thng qua cc
hp thoi ca PCWay, cng vic c hon tt khi tt c thng tin v tp tin c lu li. Sau
, trong giao din Excel phi nh ngha mt cell c lin kt vi tp tin khai bo trn. D
liu s c thu thp v khi c PLC v phn mm PCWay ang chy ng thi. Mi thng
tin thu thp v c th c lu dng file excel hoc html.

2.3.4

Giao din SCADA

Trong h thng SCADA, ngoi cc HMI l mn hnh hin th c s vn hnh cc thit b


u cui th cc my tnh t trung tm iu khin s l ni qun l chung ton b h thng.
Trn mn hnh my tnh s m phng li ton b s h thng cng nh mi thng s ca
tng thit b cng vi trng thi ca chng. Vic xy dng giao din SCADA cho PCWAY c
th thc hin ngay trong chng trnh VBA c nhng trong Excel. Trong giao din ny
cng m t c hot ng ca h thng, iu khin c tt c cc i tng, cho bit trng
thi ca c cu chp hnh, thng s hot ng, lu li qu trnh hot ng di nhiu dng
tp tin khc nhau. Tu vo quy m h thng v mc ch s dng m ngi dng c th xy
dng giao din SCADA vi mc tng xng.

3. H thng iu khin nhit

22

Chng 3

H thng iu khin nhit


Phn u ca chng ny gii thiu tng qut cc loi cm bin nhit c s dng ph bin
trong cng nghip, cc phng php thng dng iu khin nhit , c im, bn cht
v ngha ca phng php PID. Phn tip theo m t chi tit cc qu trnh thit k l nhit
vi cc c s la chn cm bin; thit b gia nhit, cng sut tiu tn; a ra m hnh ton
hc, phn tch h thng; c s v cch thc tnh ton cc thng s ca b iu khin PID.
Phn cui nu tng quan v h thng SCADA, gii thut iu khin chng trnh v quy trnh
vn hnh l nhit. Cc phn chnh c trnh by nh sau: mc 3.1 l s khi ca h
thng; cc loi cm bin nhit c th hin trong mc 3.2; cc phng php iu khin
nhit c trnh by trong mc 3.3; mc 3.4 phn tch chi tit thut ton PID; mc 3.5 l
bc thit k l nhit; tnh ton cc thng s cho b iu khin PID c thc hin trong mc
3.6 v cui cng l mc 3.7 gii thiu h thng SCADA.

3.1 S khi ca h thng


H thng iu khin nhit c m t nh s khi hnh 3.1. Trn cng l mn hnh
my tnh v mn hnh cng nghip giao tip vi nhau qua computer link, hai thnh phn ny
ng vai tr l cp qun l trong mng. Cp qun l s iu khin trc tip PLC thc hin
chc nng iu khin cng sut ca thit b gia nhit v c nhit v t cm bin (cp nhit
ngu). H thng c tnh m v kh nng m rng s thit b v cp qun l mt cch d dng.

3. H thng iu khin nhit

23

PC

HMI
COMPUTER LINK

FP-X
PLC

SENSOR

TC

HEATING

Hnh 3.1 S khi h thng iu khin nhit

3.2 Cc loi cm bin o nhit


iu khin v kim sot nhit l yu cu cn thit trong hu ht cc h thng gia nhit cho
sn xut cng nghip. Ngy nay, con ngi bit n nhiu phng thc iu khin khc
nhau t n gin n phc tp, c nhng h thng cho p ng kh chnh xc. Tuy nhin, yu
t u vo vn ng vai tr ti quan trng thu thp d liu nhit . V th, vic la chn
cm bin nhit tr nn vn ng cn nhc v tnh ton ph hp vi h thng, cho
chnh xc cao v tho mn yu cu kinh t. Trong cng nghip, cc loi cm bin nhit
thng c s dng gm: nhit in tr kim loi, nhit in tr bn dn, cp nhit ngu, vi
mch cm bin nhit, ha k, Tng ng vi mi loi khc nhau s c cc c im v
bn c hc, phm vi ng dng, chnh xc v gi thnh cng khc nhau (Bng 3.2).

3.2.1

Nhit in tr bn dn

Nhit in tr bn dn l thit b bn dn c in tr thay i tng ng vi nhit , C


n nh v nhy nhit rt cao khong hn 10 ln so vi nhy nhit ca nhit in tr
kim loi. Nhit in tr bn dn c th c chia ra lm 2 loi:

3. H thng iu khin nhit

24

Nhit in tr bn dn c h s nhit tr dng (PTC) c gi tr in tr tng khi nhit


tng.
Nhit in tr bn dn c h s nhit tr m (NTC) c gi tr in tr gim khi nhit
tng.
Cc vt liu thng c s dng c in tr sut cao cho php ch to nhng nhit in tr
c gi tr in tr thch hp vi mt lng vt cht nh m kch thc ti thiu (c mm). Kch
thc nh cho php o c tng im, ng thi do nhit dung nh nn tc hi p
ln. Nhit in tr c th lm vic di nhit t 2K n 300oC.

1M

Thermistor

100K
10K

RTD

1K
100

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

-50

-100

-150

10

-200

RESISTANCE (OHM)

1M

TEMPERATURE (oC)

Hnh 3.2 So snh c tuyn ca thermistor v RTD

3.2.2

Nhit in tr kim loi

Nhit in tr kim loi hot ng da trn nguyn tc thay i gi tr in tr ca cc vt liu


tinh khit m tiu biu l s thay i tuyn tnh dng ca gi tr in tr vi s thay i ca
nhit . Khi nng in tr tng ln v ngc li khi lnh gim xung. Cc nguyn t c s
dng ch to nhit in tr kim loi gm Niken (Ni), ng (Cu) nhng Platin (Pt) c s
dng ph bin nht do khong o rng, chnh xc v n nh cao. Nhit in tr c s
dng ph bin do c n nh v chnh xc cao, tuyn tnh v c bit c kh nng loi
tr nhiu in nn thch hp trong mi trng cng nghip. Nhit in tr kim loi cng c
nhc im l thi gian p ng chm, nhy thp. Di nhit ca Pt-xxx kh rng t 200oC n 850oC.

3.2.3

Cp nhit ngu

Cp nhit ngu hot ng da trn hiu ng Seebeck. Khi hai dy dn gm cc kim loi khc
nhau c ni li hai u v nhit hai u khc nhau th s c dng in lin tc chy
trong mch in. Chnh sc in ng (in p Seebeck) xut hin ti mi hn sinh ra dng

3. H thng iu khin nhit

25

in. Chiu dng in ph thuc vo nhit tng i ca mi hn. Khi c s thay i nhit
nh, in p Seebeck thay i tuyn tnh tng ng vi nhit theo cng thc 3.1.
e AB

(3.1)

e AB : Sc in ng gia hai dy dn
: h s Seebeck

Nh vy, bng cch o sc in ng c th tm ra nhit tng ng ca i tng. Khi la


chn cp nhit ngu cn quan tm v loi cp nhit ngu (Bng 3.1), cch in v cu trc u
d. Tt c nhng thng s trn nh hng n di nhit o, chnh xc v sai s.
Loi cp
nhit ngu
B

E
J
K

Gii hn o

Tn vt liu
Platinum 30%
Rhodium (+)
Platinum 6%
Rhodium (-)
Chromel (+)
Constantan (-)
Iron (+)
Constantan (-)
Chromel (+)
Alumel (-)

2500 3100oF
1370 1700oC
200 1650oF
95 900oC
200 1400oC
95 760oC
200 2300oC
95 1260oC

phn gii 0.1 phn gii 0.025

1030 1800

-240 790

-140 490

-210 1050

-120 1050

-220 1370

-20 1150

Bng 3.1 c im k thut ca cc loi cp nhit ngu

3.2.4

Vi mch cm bin nhit

Nguyn l chung ca vi mch cm bin nhit l nhn tn hiu nhit chuyn thnh tn
hiu dng dng in hoc in p. Da vo c tnh rt nhy v nhit ca cc cht bn dn,
to ra dng in hoc in p t l thun vi nhit tuyt i, C, F, hay K tu loi,
con ngi s ch to ra cc vi mch cm bin nhit . Tm o gii hn t -55oC n 150oC,
chnh xc t 1oC n 2oC tu loi. Cc vi mch tiu biu cho loi ny l: tng t (LM34,
LM35, LM75, AD592) hay s (DS18B20, DS1620). Do tm o hp nn khng c s
dng nhiu trong cng nghip.

3.2.5

Ho k

Tt c cc vt th c nhit ln hn khng tuyt i u pht ra cc bc x nhit. Bc x


nhit chnh l bc x in t. Dng c o nhit ca vt th da vo bc x nhit c gi

3. H thng iu khin nhit

26

l ho k. Ha k c dng ch yu o nhit t 300oC n 6000oC v cao hn. V


phng php o khng tip xc vi i tng o nn khng lm sai lch nhit ca i tng,
v mt l thuyt gii hn o trn ca ho k l khng hn ch.
Nhit in tr kim loi

Nhit in tr bn dn

Pt-100

Thermistor

0OC1600 OC

-100 OC 400 OC

-50 OC 350 OC

Trung bnh

Tt

Kh thp

n nh

t n nh

Rt n nh

Kh

Tc p
ng

Tt

Chm do dy in tr
di

Nhanh

Gi thnh

Cc loi
ph bin
Yu t nh

K, J, R, T, L, E, S, U,
N, B, W, PLII
Nhit tip xc lnh,

Pt100 hoc JPt100

PTC, NTC

in tr dy ni

in tr dy ni

Cp nhit

K hiu
Di o
chnh
xc

hng
tuyn

cn b nhit
Tuyn tnh khng lin

tnh

Tuyn tnh trong di

Kh tuyn tnh

tc

hp

R
V

ng c
tuyn
K

bn c
Cc yu t
khc

Trung bnh, cn bo v

Tt

tt

T cp in p nhng
sc in ng nh
(khong mV)

Cn ngun dng to
p

D hng do va chm
Cn ngun dng to
p, nu cn thit phi
tuyn tnh ho

Bng 3.2 So snh c im ca ba loi cm bin nhit: cp nhit ngu, nhit in tr kim
loi v nhit in tr bn dn

3. H thng iu khin nhit

27

3.3 Cc phng php iu khin nhit


C 2 phng thc iu khin nhit thng dng:
+ iu khin da trn s gin n ca thanh lng kim
+ iu khin bng b iu khin in t
Tuy nhin vi phng php u tin cho kt qu chnh xc khng cao, gi thnh r, d ch to
thng c ng dng trong thit b dn dng nhiu hn. V d: Bn l, t lnh, Vi
phng php th hai (bng b iu khin in t) tuy gi thnh cao nhng kh chnh xc, h
tr nhiu u vo, u ra, c ng dng nhiu trong cng nghip. Mi b iu khin in t
khc nhau s p dng mt phng thc khc nhau ti u ho qu trnh iu khin nhit.
Sau y l nhng phng php m b iu khin nhit thng dng:
Phng php iu khin ON-OFF
Phng php iu khin t l P
Phng php iu khin kt hp PI, PD, PID

Phng php iu khin ON-OFF

3.3.1

iu khin ON-OFF l phng php iu khin n gin nht ca b iu khin nhit. Nhit
c cung cp cho h thng mt cch gin on. Phng php ny c p dng cho
nhng h thng n gin, p ng chm, khng yu cu cht ch v chnh xc.

3.3.1.1 S iu khin
S iu khin l nhit c th hin qua hnh 3.3

w(k)
+

e(k)
-

-?

umax
? e

u(k)

L nhit

umin
Khu Relay

Hnh 3.3 S khi iu khin on-off l nhit

y(k)

3. H thng iu khin nhit

28

3.3.1.2 Nguyn l lm vic


y l dng iu khin c in nhng vn cn c s dng rng ri cho n ngy nay.
Phng php iu khin ON-OFF cn c gi l phng php ng ngt hay dng khu
relay c tr: c cu chp hnh s ng ngun cung cp nng lng mc ti a cho thit
b tiu th nhit nu nhit t w(k) ln hn nhit o y(k), ngc li mch iu khin s
ngt mch cung cp nng lng khi nhit t nh hn nhit o. Khi cng sut cp
cho si t cng ch c 2 gi tr (ngha l 100% hoc 0%). Cho nn b iu khin tc ng
ON-OFF cn gi l b iu khin tc ng 2 v tr.
Mt vng tr c a vo hn ch tn s ng ngt nh s khi trn: ngun ch
ng khi sai s e(k) > v ngt khi e(k) < - . Nh vy, nhit o y(k) s dao ng quanh
gi tr t w(k) v 2 cn c gi l vng tr ca relay.
iu khin ON-OFF c u im l:
Thit b tin cy, chc chn, vn hnh n gin, h thng lun hot ng c vi mi
ti
Tnh ton thit k t phc tp v cn chnh d dng
Nhng c nhc im l sai s xc lp s ln do h ch cn bng ng quanh nhit t v
thay i theo ti. Khuyt im ny c th c hn ch khi gim vng tr bng cch dng
phn t ng ngt in t mch cng sut (cho php tng tn s ng ct).

3.3.2

Phng php iu khin lin tc (PWM)

Khi yu cu v mt cng ngh tr nn nghim ngt hn th h thng kim sot nhit cng
cn m bo nhim v duy tr nn nhit n nh, p ng nhanh cho h thng gia nhit.
Lc ny phng php c in ON/OFF li bc l nhiu khuyt im thuc v bn cht c
hu, khng th ci tin c. Do yu cu t ra l xy dng mt phng thc iu khin
ti u hn tng thch vi cng ngh hin i. Da trn nguyn l iu khin in p trung
bnh mt cch tuyn tnh v lin tc, k thut iu ch rng xung (PWM) c a vo s
dng hiu qu vi nhiu i tng iu khin (tc , nhit, cht lu, mmen, v tr) u
im ni bt nht ca phng php PWM l tn s p ng nhanh, gim sai s xc lp, iu
chnh cng sut lin tc v tit kim nng lng.

3. H thng iu khin nhit

29

3.4 Thut ton iu khin PID


PID l thut ton iu khin tuy khng ti u bng phng php hin i mi ra i (fuzzy
logic, mng neuron) nhng vn c p dng rng ri, ph bin nhiu ng dng trong
cng nghip em li hiu qu kinh t cao. PID ch pht huy kh nng khi b thng s
( K P , TI , TD ) c chn ph hp vi tng h thng c th.

3.4.1

Gii thiu

B iu khin PID (Hnh 3.4) c s dng rt rng ri trong thc t iu khin nhiu loi
i tng khc nhau nh nhit l nhit, tc ng c, mc cht lng trong bn cha, v
tr, L do b iu khin ny c s dng rng ri l v n c kh nng trit tiu sai s xc
lp, ci thin p ng qu , gim vt l nu cc tham s b iu khin c chn la
thch hp. Do s ph bin ca n nn nhiu hng sn xut thit b iu khin cho ra i cc
b iu khin thng mi rt thng dng. Thc t cc phng php thit k b iu khin
PID dng qu o nghim s, gin Bode hay phng php gii tch rt t c s dng do
kh khn trong vic xy dng hm truyn i tng. Phng php ph bin nht chn
tham s PID thng mi hin nay l phng php Ziegler-Nichols.

Hnh 3.4 S khi b hiu chnh PID


(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pid-feedback-nct-int-correct.png)
B iu khin PID c hm truyn lin tc nh (3.2).

G (s)

Kp

Ki
s

Kd s

Kp 1

1
TD s
TI s

(3.2)

3. H thng iu khin nhit

30

Bin i Z ca G(s):

G( z )

K iT z 1
2 z 1

Kp

Kd z 1
T
z

(3.3)

G(z) c vit li:


Kp

G( z)

K iT / 2 K d / T

Kp

KiT / 2 2* K d / T z
1 z

Kd / T z

(3.4)

t:

a0

Kp

KiT / 2 Kd / T ; a1

Kp

KiT / 2 2* Kd / T ; a2

Kd / T

Suy ra:
a0

G( z)

a1 z 1 a2 z
1 z1

(3.5)

T (3.5) tnh c tn hiu iu khin u(k) khi tn hiu vo e(k) nh (3.6).

u (k ) G ( z )* e(k )

a0 a1 z 1 a2 z 2
* e( k )
1 z1

(3.6)

Do :
u (k ) u (k 1) a0 * e(k ) a1 * e(k 1) a2 * e(k 2)

3.4.2

(3.7)

c trng ca cc b iu khin P, I, D

Vic hiu bit bn cht ca cc khu P, I, D tc ng nh th no n p ng ng ra l c s


iu chnh v chn thng s thch hp cho h thng. Bng tri thc thuc lnh vc iu
khin t ng ngy nay, con ngi nm vng nhng quy lut tc ng ca tng thnh phn
trong thut ton PID v ng dng thnh cng trong cng nghip.

3.4.2.1 B iu khin P (Proportional)


Thnh phn P c tnh bi cng thc 3.8.

uP t

K Pe t

(3.8)

3. H thng iu khin nhit

31

Trong :

uP: Tn hiu ng ra ca khu P


K P : H s khuch i t l

e: Sai s = SP - PV
B iu khin t l sinh ra hnh ng iu khin t l vi sai lch[1] (Hnh 3.5). Khi tng K P
s cho php gim sai lch, gim thi gian tng trng nhng nu K P qu ln s lm cho h
thng dao ng.

Hnh 3.5 nh hng ca khu P n p ng ng ra


(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Change_with_Kp.png )

3.4.2.2 B iu khin I (Integral)


Thnh phn I c tnh bi cng thc 3.9.
T

uI t

K I e t dt
o

Trong :

uI: Tn hiu ng ra ca khu I

(3.9)

3. H thng iu khin nhit

32

K I : H s khuch i tch phn

e : Sai s = SP- PV
B iu khin tch phn sinh ra hnh ng iu khin lin tc tng khi tn hiu sai lch vn
cn[1] (Hnh 3.6). Khi tng K I s cho php gim nhanh thi gian tng trng, h thng p
ng nhanh, tuy nhin vt l tng d dn n dao ng ca h thng. S tn ti ca thnh
phn K I s cho php loi b hn sai s.

Hnh 3.6 nh hng ca khu I n p ng ng ra


(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Change_with_Ki.png)

3.4.2.3 B iu khin D (Derivative)


Thnh phn D c tnh bi cng thc 3.10.

uD t

KD

de t
dt

Trong :

uD: Tn hiu ng ra ca khu D


K D : H s khuch i vi phn

e : Sai s = SP - PV

(3.10)

3. H thng iu khin nhit

33

B iu khin vi phn sinh ra hnh ng iu khin t l vi tc bin i ca tn hiu sai


lch[1] (Hnh3.7). Khu ny gip h thng phn ng nhanh vi bin ng ca nhiu. Mc d
khu vi phn khng nh hng n sai s nhng khi tng K D s gim c vt l v thi
gian qu .

Hnh 3.7 nh hng ca khu D n p ng ng ra


(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Change_with_Kd.png )
iu khin t l ( K P ) c nh hng lm gim thi gian ln v s lm gim nhng khng loi
b sai s xc lp. iu khin tch phn ( K I ) s loi b sai s xc lp nhng c th lm p
ng qu xu i. iu khin vi phn ( K D ) c tc dng lm tng s n nh ca h thng,
gim vt l v ci thin p ng qu . nh hng ca mi b iu khin khi tng
K P , K I , K D ln h thng vng kn c tm tt bng 3.3.

p ng

Thi gian

Thi gian

Sai s

vng kn

ln

xc lp

xc lp

KP

Gim

Tng

Thay i nh

Gim

KI

Gim

Tng

Tng

Loi b

KD

Gim nh

Gim

Gim

Khng nh hng

Vt l

Bng 3.3 S thay i p ng ng ra khi tng cc h s K P , K I , K D

3. H thng iu khin nhit

34

Mi lin gia cc thng s trong bng 3.3 khng chnh xc hon ton bi v K P , K I v K D
ph thuc vo nhau. V vy, bng ny ch dng tham kho khi xc nh cc tham s
K P , K I v K D .

3.4.3

iu khin PID tng t

PID tng t l mt qu trnh lin tc. Qu trnh lin tc l loi c xut nhp lin tc. Trong
b iu khin c phn hi (iu khin vng kn), PID tng t c nhim v pht hin sai lch,
chuyn i sai lch v thc hin mt s phng thc iu khin nhm lm gim sai lch.
Nhng b iu khin loi ny tng l cc h thng khuch i thut ton (OpAmp)
(Hnh3.8) da trn ba mch in c bn: mch khuch i khng o, mch vi phn (lc
thng cao), mch tch phn (lc thng thp). Tuy nhin ngy nay h thng my tnh nhanh
chng thay th chng v h thng iu khin s trc tip c s dng khi my tnh trong
vng lp c phn hi v thc hin iu khin theo phng thc ny.

Hnh 3.8 S mt mch PID tng t in hnh dng OpAmp

3. H thng iu khin nhit

3.4.4

35

iu khin PID s

Mt trong nhng phng php iu khin s l PID s. y l qu trnh ri rc iu khin cc


hot ng ni tip. S ni tip ca cc hot ng c th da trn c s thi gian hoc trn
c s s kin hoc kt hp c hai loi ny. Vi h thng trn c s thi gian cc hot ng
c thc Thin
ti cc thi im c th. Trong mt s h thng cc hot ng khng hot
s
ng ti thi im m p ng theo s kin. Nhng h thng nh vy c gi l trn c s
s kin. Thi gian p ng xy ra c quyt nh bi qu trnh ch khng theo ng h
ca h thng iu khin. Thut ng thi gian thc c s dng cho h thng iu khin
bng my tnh trong s tr t thi gian nhp n thi gian xut l p ng c chp
nhn l hiu qu ngay sau khi nhp[2].

C(t)

Ts

Hnh 3.9 Ri rc ho tn hiu lin tc trong iu khin s


C nhiu s iu khin khc nhau c th p dng cho h ri rc, trong thng dng nht
l s hiu chnh ni tip vi b iu khin m PID s ng vai tr l b hiu chnh. Trong
thc t, a s trng hp b iu khin s l cc thut ton phn mm chy trn my tnh
hoc vi x l. V vy, cc bi ton phi a v h ri rc bng php bin i Z[2] (Bn cht
ca vic bin i Z mt tn hiu chnh l ri rc ho tn hiu ). Hnh 3.9 m t tn hiu ri
rc (ng nt lin) c ri rc ho t tn hiu lin tc (ng nt t).

3.5 Thit k l nhit


3.5.1

Chn thit b gia nhit

Theo l thuyt v k thut nhit th truyn nhit i lu l qu trnh trao i nhit xy ra khi
c s di chuyn ca cht lng hoc cht kh c gi chung l cht lu trong khng gian t
vng nhit ny n vng nhit khc. Nu i lu xy ra t nhin m khng c s tc
ng bn ngoi (qut, my bm, my nn) th thi gian cn thit h cn bng s ko di.
L nhit l mt thit b trao i nhit thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit t ngun nhit (ngun

3. H thng iu khin nhit

36

nng) ra mi trng xung quanh (l nhit) phc v cho nhng mc ch c th. Trong phm
vi n ny khng nghin cu su v hai phng trnh c bn tnh ton nhit ca thit b
trao i nhit: phng trnh cn bng nhit v phng trnh truyn nhit. V h thng c
iu khin bng in nn cch n gin v hiu qu nht l gia nhit bng thit b in, c th
l dy in tr (wonfram). Vi cch chn ny, qu trnh truyn nhit s din ra chm thng
qua hnh thc i lu l ch yu.

3.5.2

Chn cm bin

L loi cm bin nhit ph bin trn th trng vi nhiu u th nh: gi thnh thp; c s
dng rng ri nn d dng thay th; kch thc nh gn nn d dng o c nhit
nhng ni hp; vi cu to c bit nn bn vi tc ng c hc v ho hc; kh nng chng
nhiu cao; c bit l tm o rng t -200OC +1200oC thch hp cho cc ng dng trong
cng nghip v nhy xp x 41

V / oC. Do cp nhit ngu loi K (Hnh 3.10) c

chn lm cm bin nhit cho l nhit. Hn na, mt s loi PLC ca nhiu hng khc nhau
cng c sn module o nhit trc tip t cm bin nn rt thun tin cho ngi dng.

Hnh 3.10 Cm bin nhit (thermo-couple - cp nhit ngu loi K )

3.5.3

Khi iu khin cng sut

Thut ton iu khin PID ch a ra tn hiu iu khin ti u h thng nhng khng th


dng trc tip tn hiu ny khng ch b phn chp hnh. Do mt khu quan trng cn
thit phi c l khi iu khin cng sut (Hnh3.11). Khi ny c nhim v khuch i tn
hiu iu khin thnh tn hiu in c tr s dng v p ln cung cp cho c cu chp hnh
(si t wonfram). V si t l thit b in dng in p xoay chiu 220V, cng sut 1000W
nn s dng Triac 12A dn c c hai bn k (BTA12). Vi mc ch cch ly v in gia

3. H thng iu khin nhit

37

b iu khin v khi cng sut nhm bo v v chng nhiu nn linh kin ghp quang
MOC3020 c s dng kch dn triac.

J1

1
2

M OC3020

R1 360

R2 470
1
2
C1
503

R3
39

AC220

2
Q1

Q2
4

CONTROL

BTA12

C2
103

J3

J2
1
2

LOAD
Hnh 3.11 S mch kch dn triac
Hnh 3.11 l s iu khin triac BTA12 c kch dn trc tip t diac quang MOC3020
cho php dn c hai bn k. J1 l tn hiu ly trc tip t ng ra ca PLC, J2 l ng ra ca ti
c ni tip vi BTA12 c cung cp bi ngun in xoay chiu t J3.
Nu ng ra ca PLC c iu ch PWM vi tn s 1s th tng ng s c 50 chu k ca in
p xoay chiu c iu khin qua triac (Hnh 2.12). Cng thc tnh cng sut theo (3.11).

% Pnhiet

duty

TON
100
TON TOFF

TON
100
T

n
100
50

(3.11)

Trong n l s chu k c dn qua BTA12

V_in

V_out

T=1s

Duty

Hnh 3.12 th kch dn triac

3. H thng iu khin nhit

3.5.4

38

M hnh l nhit

M hnh l nhit (Hnh 3.13) c lm t vt liu nha tng hp cch in, cch nhit tt.
Dung tch bung nhit l 20 x 30 x 20 (cm). Thanh in tr gia nhit c t y m hnh,
bn trn c hai ca s c kch thc 6 x 6 (cm) gi lp cho b phn thu nhit, truyn nhit
theo hnh thc i lu cng bc (dng qut ht). Cm bin c t gia m hnh.

Hnh 3.13 M hnh l nhit

3.6 Tnh ton cc thng s cho b iu khin PID


Thut ton PID c a vo h thng hiu chnh tn hiu sai lch v a ra tn hiu iu
khin nhm mong mun ng ra p ng tt nht vi cc tiu ch v thi gian qu , vt
l Tuy nhin nu thng s ca b iu khin c chn khng ph hp s gy ra tc dng
ngc li lm cho h thng dao ng mt n nh, tng vt l Ba thng s khi iu khin
PID cn qua tm l K P , TI , TD s tc dng trc tip n cht lng ca h thng. Ngoi hai
phng php thc nghim vng h v vng kn ph bin ca Zeigler-Nichols, phng php
hi tip relay (relay feedback) cng c s dng nh mt cng c hu hiu tnh b thng
s PID, tt c c gi chung l phng php iu chnh t ng (Auto-Tuning).

3. H thng iu khin nhit

3.6.1

39

M hnh ton hc

M hnh ton hc l cc phng trnh ton hc c c bng phng php m hnh ho da


vo cc quy lut vt l chi phi ton b hot ng ca h thng. Cch thc thc hin m hnh
ho phi tri qua ba giai on phn tch. l, phn tch chc nng: phn tch h thng
thnh cc khi chc nng, trong cc khi chc nng c m hnh ton hc bit hoc
c rt ra t cc quy lut vt l; phn tch vt l: rt ra m hnh ton hc ca cc khi cha
nng da vo cc quy lut vt l; phn tch ton hc: lin kt m hnh ton hc ca cc khi
chc nng c m hnh ton hc h thng.
S khi iu khin vng kn ca l nhit c th hin trong hnh 3.14.

w(k)

e(k)

B iu khin
PID

u(k)

L Nhit

y(k)

Hnh 3.14 S khi h thng iu khin nhit


Hnh 3.15 l m hnh tuyn tnh ho h thng l nhit vng h.

1
30s+1
Step

300
100s+1

Transfer Fcn1
Transfer Fcn
M hnh kho st vng h

Scope

Hnh 3.15 M hnh ho h thng l nhit

3.6.2

Tnh ton chn K P , K I , K D bng cc phng php Auto-Tuning

B iu khin PID gm s kt hp ca 3 khu iu khin t l (P), tch phn(I) v vi phn(D)


nn nhc im ca khu ny trong iu khin c u im ca khu kia khc phc. V vy
nhit lun c gi n nh bi khu tch phn t ng hiu chnh sai lch xc lp ca
khu t l, ng thi khu vi phn gip b iu khin PID phn ng nhanh vi nhiu ngoi.
Cc tham s ca b iu khin PID thng c tnh theo cc phng php chnh sau:

3. H thng iu khin nhit

40

3.6.2.1 Phng php thc nghim ca Zeigler-Nichols


Zeigler-Nichols l phng php thc nghim thit k b iu khin P, PI hoc PID bng
cch da vo p ng qu ca i tng iu khin. B iu khin PID cn thit k c
hm truyn theo (3.12).

G (s)

Kp

Ki
s

Kd s

Kp 1

1
TD s
TI s

(3.12)

Tu theo c im ca tng i tng m p dng mt trong hai phng php thc


nghim sau:
Cch 1: Da vo p ng qu ca h h, p dng cho cc i tng c p ng i vi tn
hiu vo l hm nc c dng ch S nh hnh 3.16 v d nh nhit l, tc ng c,
Nhit

Thi gian
a
L

Hnh 3.16 p ng nc ca h vng h c dng ch S


p ng ny c th c xp x bi hm truyn sau (trong khng gian Laplace):

G( s)
Trong :

K
e
1 Ts

K : li tnh
T : hng s thi gian
L : thi gian tr

Ls

(3.13)

3. H thng iu khin nhit

41

Cc thng s K P , TI , TD c tnh da vo bng 3.4 ( a

L
).
T

B iu khin

KP

Ti

TD

1/a

--

--

PI

0.9/a

3L

--

PID

1.2/a

2L

L/2

Bng 3.4 Thng s iu chnh PID da vo p ng nc h h


Cch2 : Da vo p ng qu ca h kn, p dng cho cc i tng c khu tch phn l
tng, v d nh mc cht lng bn cha, v tr truyn ng nh ng c, p ng qu
(h h) p dng cho cc i tng c khu tch phn l tng khng c dng nh hnh 3.18
m tng n v cng. i vi cc i tng thuc loi ny vic chn thng s b iu khin
PID da vo p ng qu ca h kn nh hnh 3.17. Tng dn h s khuch i ca h kn
hnh 3.17 n gi tr gii hn Kgh, khi p ng ra ca h kn trng thi xc lp l dao
ng n nh vi chu k Tgh .

C(t)

Tgh

Hnh 3.17 p ng nc ca h kn khi K=Kgh


Cc thng s K P , TI , TD c tnh da vo bng 3.5.
B iu khin

KP

Ti

TD

0.5Kgh

--

--

PI

0.45Kgh

0.83Tgh

--

PID

0.6Kgh

0.5Tgh

0.125Tgh

Bng 3.5 Thng s iu chnh PID da vo p ng nc h kn

3. H thng iu khin nhit

42

3.6.2.2 Phng php hi tip relay (Relay feedback)


u

umax
? e

-?

G(s)

umin
Khu Relay

Hnh 3.18 H thng tuyn tnh iu khin bng relay


tng chnh l vic quan st cc chu k dao ng khi hi tip v relay nh hnh 3.18 Tn
hiu ng vo v ng ra c c khi tn hiu kch thch r bng 0 nh hnh 3.19.

C(t)
1

0
-1

Hnh 3.19 p ng ca h thng tuyn tnh iu khin bng relay


Hnh 3.19 m t dao ng iu ho ca h thng c thit lp kh nhanh. Ng ra dao ng
vi tn s sng sin xc nh, iu ny c ngha l hiu ng sng hi bc cao b suy gim
bi qu trnh. Nu bin sng vung l d th bin sng c bn l 4d / . Tn hiu ng ra
c tn s l

v bin a

4d

G j

(3.14)

iu kin h dao ng l:
arg(G u )

a
4d

v G j u

Chu k dao ng l TC

1
KC

(3.15)

(3.16)
u

3. H thng iu khin nhit

43

B thng s PID c tnh theo bng 3.6.


B iu khin

KP

Ti

TD

0.5KC

--

--

PI

0.45KC

TC/1.2

--

PID

0.6KC

TC/2

T/8

Bng 3.6 B thng s iu chnh PID da vo phng php relay-feedback

3.7 H thng SCADA


SCADA (Supevisory Control And Data Acquisition) - hiu mt cch nm na l h thng iu
khin v thu thp s liu. Vic gim st, thu thp s liu v iu khin l rt cn thit i vi
mt h thng cng nghip bt k. Tu theo mc quan trng v yu cu nhng tnh nng
iu khin, cc chc nng iu khin v thu thp s liu c phn phi v phn cp cho cc
thit b khc nhau. H thng SCADA c th c chia thnh ba cp.

3.7.1

Tng quan h thng SCADA

cp thp nht ca h thng SCADA, l cc phn c chc nng theo di v iu khin cho
tng thit b ring bit. Thng gp nht l cc r le bo v. Khi thit b gp s c, cc rle
ny hon ton c th tnh ton v tc ng theo thng s chnh nh trc m khng cn lin
lc vi h thng cp trn. Ngoi chc nng iu khin, cc phn t thuc cp ny cn c chc
nng thu thp s liu, thng s ca cc thit b gi ln cc substation server. Trong cc h
thng hin i, cc phn t ny c gi chung l IED (Intelligent Electronic Devices), c cc
nguyn l lm vic v chc nng khc nhau, nhng c cng chun giao tip, cho php IED
ny c th ni chuyn c vi cc IED khc trong cng trm (peer to peer) v trao i vi
substation server. V nguyn tc, s hng hc hay bo tr ti mt IED s khng lm nh
hng n cc IED khc trong h thng.
Cp th hai ca h thng SCADA l cc Substation Server, vi chc nng ch yu l thu
thp s liu t cc IED do n qun l, lu li trong c s d liu, phc v cc nhu cu c d
liu ti ch qua cc HMI (Human Machine Interface).
Cp th ba l Trung tm iu khin ca ton h thng, ni thc hin vic thu thp s liu t
cc Substation Server, thc hin cc chc nng tnh ton nh gi trng thi ca h thng, d

3. H thng iu khin nhit

44

bo nhu cu, v thc hin cc chc nng iu khin quan trng, nh vic ln k hoch vn
hnh ca ton h thng.

3.7.2

Quy trnh iu khin nhit

Quy trnh hot ng ca l nhit c th hin trong hnh 3.20. Trc tin phi khi ng
PLC v phn mm PCWay m bo h thng c phi hp gia phn cng v phn
mm. Tip theo nhit c ci t t hp thoi nh hnh 3.21. Lc ny h thng sn
sng hot ng.

Bt u
Khi ng PLC
Khi ng Pcway
Ci t nhit

Gia nhit
V th
Hon thnh ?

Lu d liu

Y
Kt thc
Hnh 3.20 Quy trnh iu khin l nhit
Khi kch nt Start trn hnh 3.22 chng trnh PLC bt u thc thi, ng ra Y0 pht xung
PWM iu khin cng sut thanh in tr nhit. Gi tr nhit c cp nht lin tc v
PLC c sau thi gian ly mu 1s lm tn hiu so snh ng vo ca b iu khin.

3. H thng iu khin nhit

45

Hnh 3.21 Hp thoi ci t qu trnh nhit


Trong sut thi gian h thng hot ng, mi thng s v gi tr nhit v thi gian tng
ng lun c cp nht v lu li trn a kim sot li hay phc v lu tr thng k.
File d liu c ghi dng file.txt.

Hnh 3.22 Giao din chnh iu khin h thng

4. Kt qu thc nghim

46

Chng 4

Kt qu thc nghim
Chng ny trnh by kt qu ca qu trnh vn hnh h thng iu khin nhit thc t.
Trnh by cch ghp ni tt c cc thit b vi nhau to thnh mt mng hon chnh trn c s
mng SCADA. Vic phn tch th cho php rt ra c nhng kt lun chung v h thng,
so snh thc t vi l thuyt v a ra phng n la chn iu khin ti u. Chng 4
c trnh by nh sau: Mc u tin 4.1 l m hnh thc t ca h thng iu khin v gim
st nhit ; tip theo l thng s ca chng trnh PLC c th hin trong mc 4.2; vic
phn tch cc th p ng ca h thng thc t, t a ra nhn xt nh gi chung l ni
dung ca mc 4.3 v qu trnh lu tr d liu c trnh by trong mc 4.4.

4.1 M hnh kt ni h thng thc t


Hnh 4.1 m t ton cnh h thng iu khin nhit. V tr v tn gi ca tng khi chc nng
c th hin r trong hnh. T giao din iu khin, ngi vn hnh c th ci t nhit
qua hp thoi mi khi kch chn nt setting. Vic iu khin PLC c thc hin bng cch
kch chn nt Start/Stop cho php hoc khng cho php iu khin ng ra bng thut
ton PID. Gi tr nhit c cp nht v my tnh thng qua chng trnh ngt timer mt
pht. th p ng nhit c v lin tc mi khi cp nht gi tr nhit mi. Bn cnh
, mn hnh HMI cng cho php ci t nhit trc tip, gim st theo di tng qu trnh
vi thi gian cp nht v l mt giy. V cc thit b c t gn nhau nn m hnh ch th
hin nguyn l kt ni ca mng iu khin v gim st ch cha thy c quy m thc t
v mt khong cch a l.

4. Kt qu thc nghim

47

Kt ni
PLC
HMI

Tn hiu
PWM

Giao din
iu khin

Ngun AC
Hnh 4.1 M hnh h thng iu khin v gim st nhit

4.2 Thng s chng trnh


Khi PLC chy ch online (iu khin t my tnh), n cho php ngi dng tng tc
vi PLC thng qua giao din Monitoring Registers (Hnh 4.2). T giao din ny ngi vn
hnh bit c gi tr cc thanh ghi trong PLC, ngoi ra cn c th thay i chng d dng.
T hnh 4.2

gi tr K P , TI , TD c hin th di dng s thp phn, cc gi

tr ny s c tnh ra sau hai chu k dao ng ca p ng. MV chnh l gi tr tnh ton


ca khu PID lin quan n t l duty ca xung PWM iu khin ng ra.

Hnh 4.2 Thng s K P , TI , TD sau qu trnh Auto-Tuning

4. Kt qu thc nghim

48

Bng 4.1 th hin y thng s ca h thng iu khin nhit t u qu trnh n cui


qu trnh (T1 T6). Sau mi mt giy phn mm PCWay s t ng cp nht v gi tr mi
bao gm: nhit hin ti, ngy, gi, trng thi ca PLC. Cc s liu ny c truy xut trc
tip bng VBA tnh ton, x l s liu v trao i d liu vi PLC thng qua mi trng
PCWay.

T6
T5
T4
T3
T2
T1

Point of
Temp.
60
60
60
60
60
60

Time of
Temp.
4
4
4
4
4
10

Set
Temp.
600
60

Pre.
Temp.
44.1
437
437
437
439
439
439
441
441
441
441

Time

Date

Status
ON

14:50:47
14:50:46
14:50:44
14:50:43
14:50:43
14:50:42
14:50:40
14:50:39
14:50:37
14:50:36

1/15/2010
1/15/2010
1/15/2010
1/15/2010
1/15/2010
1/15/2010
1/15/2010
1/15/2010
1/15/2010
1/15/2010

Bng 4.1 D liu thu thp v Excel thng qua PCWay

4.3 Phn tch th


Phn tch th l bc quan trng ca vic nh gi cht lng ca mt h thng. Thng
thng c hai cch chnh nh gi th l so snh gia nhng ln th nghim k tip nhau
trn cng mt h thng hoc i chiu gia kt qu thc tin vi l thuyt (Hnh 4.3) rt ra
kt lun.
Hnh 4.4 l kt qu p ng ca h thng khi t bias value bng 0 (ngha l SP = SP). Lc
ny ng ra vn tip tc iu khin gia nhit khi cha t nhit t, do xy ra hin tng
vt l c trong qu trnh tnh Auto-Tuning ln qu trnh chy vi

PID c tnh t

ng. hn ch hin tng vt l xy ra khi iu khin nhit, mt phng php ti u c


a ra nh trong hnh 4.3. Theo , mt gi tr dng (bias value) c a vo t li gi
tr SP thnh SP (ngha l SP = SP - bias value). iu ny cho php p ng ca h thng ch
dao ng quanh gi tr SP v Auto-Tuning cng c tnh da vo ngng nhit ny. Sau
khi hon thnh Auto-Tuning th h thng s hot ng ti gi tr SP vi b thng s PID
c tnh ra. Tuy nhin khng c c s c th nh lng chnh xc gi tr ca bias value,
n tu thuc vo tng h thng.

4. Kt qu thc nghim

49

Hnh 4.3 Qu trnh Auto-Tuning v iu khin PID

Hnh 4.4 p ng ti 60oC, bias value bng 0oC


Hnh 4.5 v hnh 4.6 l th p ng ng ra tng ng vi hai gi tr khc nhau ca bias
value. Qua thy rng hin tng vt l gim ng k trong hnh 4.5 (1oC khi Auto-Tuning,
0.2oC khi chy PID) v khng c vt l trong hnh 4.6. Bng thng s ca qu trnh p ng
qu gm thi gian tng trng, thi gian xc lp v vt l c cho bi bng 4.2.

4. Kt qu thc nghim

50
Thng s

vt l (oC) Tsettling (s) Trising (s)

Bias value
Bias value = 5oC

0.2oC

298

331

Bias value = 6oC

0.1oC

212

256

Bng 4.2 Thng s ng vi qu trnh p ng qu ca h thng nhit


Da vo bng s liu (Bng 4.1) kt lun rng: ng vi gi tr bias value bng 6oC h thng
cho p ng tt hn v c 3 tiu ch vt l, thi gian xc lp v thi gian tng trng. Do
, vic iu khin ti u cho h thng nhit mc d c cng c hu hiu Auto-Tuning
nhng li ph thuc kh ln vo gi tr bias value - gi tr ny c thit lp th cng.

Hnh 4.5 p ng ti 60oC , bias value bng 5oC

4. Kt qu thc nghim

51

Hnh 4.6 p ng ti 65oC, bias value bng 7oC


H thng p ng c vi cc qu trnh nhit c nhit thay i khc nhau. C th l qu
trnh sau c nhit cao hn qu trnh trc (Hnh 4.7) v ngc li (Hnh 4.8). Tuy nhin v
thi gian p ng nhit chm nn thi gian xc lp cn kh ln. ci thin iu ny cn
iu chnh li cng sut nhit ca thit b gia nhit v ch hot ng ca ti.

Hnh 4.7 p ng vi 3 qu trnh nhit khc nhau: 60oC, 70oC v 65oC

4. Kt qu thc nghim

52

Hnh 4.8 p ng vi 2 qu trnh nhit khc nhau: 65oC v 60oC

4.4 Lu tr d liu
D liu c lu tr dng file text (.txt) nh sau:
Set Temperature : Present Temperature : Time

: Date

65.0

39.5

: 14:13:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

45.3

: 14:14:23 : 1/13/2010

65.0

52.0

: 14:15:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

59.4

: 14:16:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

62.5

: 14:17:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

63.3

: 14:18:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

62.7

: 14:19:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

61.4

: 14:20:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

59.5

: 14:21:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

57.6

: 14:22:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

55.8

: 14:23:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

58.2

: 14:24:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

58.7

: 14:25:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

57.8

: 14:26:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

57.0

: 14:27:22 : 1/13/2010

4. Kt qu thc nghim

53

--------------------------------------------------------------65.0

58.0

: 14:28:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

60.3

: 14:29:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

62.8

: 14:30:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

64.0

: 14:31:22 : 1/13/2010

65.0

64.9

: 14:32:22 : 1/13/2010

Trn y l mt phn ni dung ca file text lu d liu ca h thng khi chy. Ni dung bao
gm nhit ci t, nhit p ng v thi gian hot ng tng ng. Chng trnh s t
ng lu d liu c sau khong thi gian 1 pht. Tuy nhin c nhiu cch khc nhau nh
dng cu trc d liu, y l mt

cu trc n gin, in hnh.

5. Kt lun

54

Chng 5

Kt lun v hng pht trin ti


5.1 Kt lun

Auto-Tuning

( K P , TI , TD )
,

. Tuy nhin

(bias value).

SCADA

.
chung

SCADA

5.2

.
.

5. Kt lun

55

,
khai t

cn

su.
vn

56

Ti liu tham kho


Sch:
[1]

Trng Hu Ch, V Th Ry, C in t cc thnh phn c bn, NXB Khoa hc K


thut, 2005.

[2]

Nguyn Th Phng H, Hunh Thi Hong, L thuyt iu khin t ng, NXB i


hc Quc gia Tp. H Ch Minh, 2005.

Bi vit trn mng:


[3]

F.L. Lewis, A brief history of feedback control, Prentice-Hall, 1992.


URL http://www.theorem.net/theorem/lewis1.html

[4]

Makelsan Ltd., Istanbul, Turkey, Temperature control using improved autotuning PID
control methods.
URL http://www.emo.org.tr/ekler/cc1c015c32f74bc_ek.pdf

[5]

Panasonic Electric Works Europe AG, Progammable Controllers.


URL http://www.panasonic-electric-works.com/peweu/en/html/402.php

57

Ph lc A: Chng trnh PLC

58

Ph lc B: Chng trnh VBA


Public pv, sp, sv As Integer
Dim netTemp As Single
Public status As Boolean
Dim finish As Boolean
Dim row As Byte
Dim time As Integer
Dim m, n As Integer
Dim enableDisp As Byte
Dim dec1, dec2, dec3, dec4 As Integer
Dim tenfile As String
Private Sub cmdCancel_Click()
ans = MsgBox("
Do you want to quit?", vbYesNo + vbApplicationModal, "Warning")
If ans = vbYes Then
End
Else
GoTo Xuly 'thoat ra de tiep tuc cong viec
End If
Xuly:
End Sub
Private Sub cmdDrawing_Click()
If (cmdStart.Caption = "Start") And (finish = False) Then MsgBox "Process stopping"
If finish = True Then MsgBox "Process finished"
Form2.Show
End Sub
Private Sub cmdSave_Click()
On Error GoTo Xuly
CommonDialog1.Filter = "All file(*.*)|*.*|Text File(txt)|*.txt"
CommonDialog1.FilterIndex = 2
CommonDialog1.ShowSave
tenfile = CommonDialog1.filename
Open tenfile For Output As #1
Print #1, textSave.Text
Close #1
RSTimer5.Enabled = True
MsgBox "Saved data successful!"
Xuly:
End Sub
Private Sub cmdSetting_Click()
Form3.Show
End Sub
Private Sub cmdOnoff_Click()
cmdOnoff.Caption = IIf(cmdOnoff.Caption = "ON", "OFF", "ON")

59
If cmdOnoff.Caption = "ON" Then cmdStart.Caption = "Start" 'Tat Start khi tat ca he thong
If cmdOnoff.Caption = "OFF" Then
Call Application.Run("PCWAYsubShellPCWayStart")
Else
Call Application.Run("PCWAYsubExecuteStop")
End If
If cmdOnoff.Caption = "OFF" Then
If enableDisp < 1 Then
enableDisp = enableDisp + 1 'chi cau hinh cho NTgraph mot lan, cac lan sau bo qua
n = 0: m = 10
' dat gia tri dau tien cua X la 10
With Form2.NTGraph1
' cai dat thong so cho do thi
.PlotAreaColor = vbBlack
' chon mau nen la mau den
.FrameStyle = Scope
' chon khung dang scope
.Caption = " Graph of Temperature "
.XLabel = " Time (seconds)"
'truc X
.YLabel = " Temperature (oC)"
'truc Y
.ClearGraph
' Xoa tat ca cac do thi
.ElementLineColor = RGB(255, 255, 0) ' chon mau
.AddElement
' them do thi thu 2
.ElementLineColor = vbGreen
' chon mau
.XGridNumber = 10
.YGridNumber = 10
End With
End If
End If
End Sub
Private Sub cmdStart_Click()
Dim i As Byte
Dim disableStart As Boolean
For i = 1 To 6
If (Sheet1.Cells(10 - i, "C") = "") Or (Sheet1.Cells(10 - i, "D") = "") Or (Sheet1.Cells(10 i, "c") = 0) Or (Sheet1.Cells(10 - i, "D") = 0) Then disableStart = True
Next i
If cmdOnoff.Caption = "ON" Then
MsgBox "You have to turn ON before"
'chi thong bao dong nay neu chua ON
Else
If disableStart = True Then
MsgBox "Have no database from Setting"
Else
cmdStart.Caption = IIf(cmdStart.Caption = "Start", "Stop", "Start")
RSTimer2.Enabled = True
'bat dau ve do thi
finish = False
'tat thong bao "process finished" de chay tiep
If cmdStart.Caption = "Stop" Then
status = True
'chuong trinh dang on
Call Application.Run("PCWAYsubRunStart")
'cho phep PCWay chay
RSTimer3.Enabled = True
Range("J4").Select
'on/off PLC (de o cuoi- sau khi PCWay chay)
Call Application.Run("PCWAYsubDoubleClickEntry")
Else
status = False
'chuong trinh dang off
RSTimer4.Enabled = False
' tat quat
Range("J4").Select
'on/off PLC (de o cuoi- sau khi PCWay chay)

60
Call Application.Run("PCWAYsubDoubleClickEntry")
Call Application.Run("PCWAYsubRunStop")
'tat PCWay
RSTimer3.Enabled = False
End If
If cmdStart.Caption = "Stop" Then
Sheet1.Cells(4, "E") = Sheet1.Cells(9, "C") * 10
sp = Sheet1.Cells(4, "E")
'cap nhat gia tri sp dau tien de ve do thi
txtSp.Text = sp \ 10
'hien thi gia tri sp len interface
Range("E4").Select
Call Application.Run("PCWaysubdownload")
End If
textSave.Text = " Set Temperature : Present Temperature : Time : Date " & vbCrLf
RSTimer4.Enabled = True
End If
End If
End Sub
Private Sub RSTimer1_Timer()
pv = Sheet1.Cells(5, "f"): dec1 = pv \ 10: dec2 = pv Mod 10
Sheet1.Cells(4, "F") = dec1 & "." & dec2
sv = Sheet1.Cells(4, "E"): dec3 = sv \ 10: dec4 = sv Mod 10
Sheet1.Cells(5, "E") = dec3 & "." & dec4
netTemp = Round(pv / 10, 1)
'luu tam thoi gia tri nhiet do thuc vao trong bien NetTemp
txtPv.Text = netTemp
'cap nhat gia tri luu trong bien pv
TxtTemp.Text = netTemp
'lam tron den 1 chu so thap phan, cho hien thi
Form3.txt3Pv = netTemp
End Sub
Private Sub RSTimer2_Timer()
If m = n Then m = m * 2
With Form2.NTGraph1
X1 = n
Y = sp \ 10
' y la nhiet do cai dat
.PlotXY X1, Y, 0
've y tren do thi thu nhat
.AddElement
X2 = X1
Y = netTemp
'y la nhiet do hien tai doc ve, lam tron 1 chu so thap phan
.PlotXY X2, Y, 1
've y tren do thi thu 2
.SetRange 0, m, 30, 100 'xac lap ti le tren cac truc
'X min =0, X max = m, Y min = 20, Y max = 100
If Val(txtPv) <> 0 Then n = n + 1
End With
Form2.txt2Sp.Text = sp \ 10
' cap nhat hai gia tri Sp va Pv de hien thi gia tri do thi hien tai
Form2.txt2Pv.Text = netTemp
End Sub
Private Sub RSTimer3_Timer()
Dim a, b, c As Single
Dim h, m, s As Single
a = Sheet1.Cells(5, "G"): h = (a * 24 * 10) \ 10
b = a * 24 h: m = (b * 60 * 10) \ 10
c = b * 60 m: s = (c * 60 * 10) \ 10
textSave.Text = textSave.Text & " " & dec3 & "." & dec4 & "
:" & "
" & dec1
& "." & dec2 & "
:" & " " & h & ":" & m & ":" & s & " : " & Sheet1.Cells(5, "H") &
vbCrLf

61
time = time + 1
If (time = Sheet1.Cells(9 - row, "D")) Then 'so sanh thoi gian cai dat
textSave.Text = textSave.Text & "-------------------------------" & vbCrLf
time = 0: row = row + 1
If row < 6 Then
Sheet1.Cells(4, "E") = Sheet1.Cells(9 - row, "C") * 10 ' gan cac gia tri cua nhiet do vao o
sp
sp = Sheet1.Cells(4, "E")
' cap nhat gia tri sp de ve do thi
txtSp.Text = sp \ 10
'hien thi gia tri sp len interface
Range("e4").Select
Call Application.Run("PCWaysubdownload")
End If
End If
If row = 6 Then
row = 0
RSTimer3.Enabled = False
'ket thuc quy trinh khong cho set nhiet do tiep theo
RSTimer2.Enabled = False
'ket thuc quy trinh, khong cho ve do thi
RSTimer5.Enabled = False
'ket thuc luu tru data
status = False
'tat chuong trinh sau khi hoan thanh chu trinh nhiet
cmdStart.Caption = "Start"
finish = True
Call Application.Run("PCWAYsubRunStop")
MsgBox "Process finished!"
End If
End Sub
Private Sub RSTimer4_Timer()
fan1.Visible = IIf(fan1.Visible = True, False, True)
fan2.Visible = IIf(fan2.Visible = False, True, False)
lbDate.Caption = Format(Now, "hh:nn:ss ddd dd/mm/yy")
End Sub
Private Sub RSTimer5_Timer()
Open tenfile For Output As #1
Print #1, textSave.Text
Close #1
End Sub

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