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22 knh DMA.
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4.2 S KHI CA BOARD
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SRAM
Serial Dataflash
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Nand Flash
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MicroSD Connector
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Thng m
S1
S2
S3
Thng m
Thng m
Thng m
ng
Boot t embedded rom
S5
S6
J13
Ty chn
S7
S8
Ty chn
Ty chn
M
Boot t
EBI_NCS0
B chn CS data
flash
B chn CS nand
flash
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4.4.2 U-boot
U-boot (universal bootLoader) l mt tp m ngun m, h tr bootLoader cho
nhiu kin trc nn khc nhau. U-boot h tr cc lnh tng tc, cc bin mi
trng, cc lnh thc thi v boot h thng t cc thit b bn ngoi. U-boot h tr
nhiu lai CPU v cc h CPU thng dng hin nay. U-boot h tr cc board pht
trin trn nn cc vi x l thng dng hin nay.
U-boot thc hin cu hnh cc khi phn cng trong mt board v t chng vo
trng thi hot ng. N c th ti v thc th h iu hnh mt cch t ng (autoboot) hoc ngc li n cho php ngi dng khi ng h iu hnh thng qua cc
lnh giao tip m u-boot h tr. Tp lnh chun ca u-boot cung cp kh nng cho
php ngi s dng thao tc trn b nh, mng v nhiu thao tc khc khi h thng
khi ng.
Thng thng u-boot c t trong phn vng u tin ca Flash, bt u t
sector hay block no c nh ngha bi vi x l. U-boot khi to CPU v mt vi
phn cng trn board, to mt vi cu trc d liu cho kernel s dng v ti n
ln phn vng u tin ca b nh.
Khi quyn iu khin c chuyn n cho u-boot, n s khi ta cc ngt v
cc thit b ngoi vi. Sau u-boot ch nhp cc lnh t ngi dng. Nu u-boot
nhn c lnh boot nh ca kernel hoc nu n c s dng boot kernel trc
tip th u-boot s gii nn nh ca kernel, ti kernel ln b nh v chuyn iu khin
n kernel. Kernel s thc thi m khng c s tng tc vi u-boot.
U-boot cung cp cc hm chun hiu chnh qa trnh khi ng v khi to
kernel. Thng th n cung cp cc thao tc di dng cc lnh (command-line).
Cu trc th mc ca U-boot.
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cho cc ng dng khc nhau chy trn h thng . Nhn chnh l cu ni gia phn
cng vt l ca my tnh vi v chng trnh ng dng .
Cc dch v ca nhn c chy trong ch c quyn ca b x l . Tri li,
cc chng trnh ng dng c chy trong ch ngi dng hon ton cch ly
vi h iu hnh . Khi ng dng chy trong ch ngi dng gi ti mt dch v
h thng thng qua mt giao din , b x l chn li li gi v thi hnh dch v mc
nhn h iu hnh. Thng thng vic thi thc thi mc nhn n gin v nhanh
hn bi v n khng b chuyn gia ch c quyn v khng c quyn .
Nhn Linux l phn mm t do c phn phi theo Giy php s hu cng
cng phn mm GNU GPL ( General Public License ) .
Nhn linux c nhiu hng phn phi ng gi v pht trin thnh nhiu bn
phn phi (Distribution) khc nhau nh Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Redhat....mi
bn phn phi u c ng gi vi cc phn mm tin ch hng ti nhiu th
trng khc nhau
4.4.4 File system
Trong h iu hnh Linux, nhng tp tin m ngi s dng nhn thy c u
theo cu trc cy th mc, vi root nm trn cng. T im ny cc th mc v
tp tin mi mc nhnh ra lan dn xung pha di. Th mc cao nht, c k hiu
bng vch /, c gi l root directory (th mc gc).
Vi ngi s dng bnh thng th cy th mc ny l mt di nhng tp tin v
th mc ni lin nhau. Trn thc t, nhiu th mc trong cy th mc ny nm
nhiu v tr vt l khc nhau, trn cc partition khc nhau, v thm ch trn cc a
khc nhau. Khi mt trong cc partition y c kt ni vi cu trc cy ti mt th
mc gi l mount point (im kt ni, im lp rp), th mount point ny v tt c
cc th mc cp di c gi l file system.
H iu hnh Linux hnh thnh t nhiu th mc v tp tin khc nhau. Cc th
mc c th lp thnh nhiu file system khc nhau, ty vo cch ci t bn chn.
Nhn chung, a phn h iu hnh nm hai file system: root file system (file
system gc) c k hiu l /, v mt file system khc c kt ni theo /usr (c l
user).
Khi dng lnh cd / chuyn v th mc gc v gi hin th danh sch th mc,
bn s thy nhiu th muc. Nhng th mc ny to thnh ni dung ca root file
system, ng thi cung cp mount point cho cc file system khc. Cc th mc
c lit k chi tit ti chng 2.
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Np U-Boot
Ti script chn Enable NandFlash
Ti Address chn 0x20000 a ch offset ca U-Boot trn NandFlash
Ti Send file name : chn ng dn ti U-boot.bin
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Np kernel
Ti script chn: Enable NandFlash
Ti Address chn :0x200000 a ch offset ca Kernel trn NandFlash
Ti send file name : chn ng dn ti Kernel :uImage
Nhn nt send file
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Np roots
Ti script chn: Enable NandFlash
Ti Address chn 0x500000 a ch offset ca Rootfs trn NandFlash
Ti Send file name : chn ng dn ti roort:*.jffs2,*.*
Nhn nt Send file
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Lu li bng lnh
U-Boot> save
Mc ch: bootup t ng load kernel v rootfs.
4.6 XY DNG V PHT TRIN H THNG
4.6.1 Bootstrap
Bootstrap do nh sn xut h tr, download bootstrap.bin ti trang ca
atmel.com .
4.6.2 U-boot
Uboot c nhiu phin bn, tuy nhin t phin bn 1.3.4 tr i th mi h tr
board AT91SAM9260, y ta doawload u-boot phin bn 2009.
Sau khi download u-boot v, chp n vo mt th mc no trong my tnh
ci h iu hnh linux.
Vic chp vo my tnh linux c th c thc hin thng qua nhiu cch, v d
bn c th ti trc tip trn my tnh Linux c ni mng internet, hoc t my tnh
Windows XP sau chp sang my tnh Linux thng qua dch v truyn file ca
SSH server client, hoc c th chp bng cc thit b lu tr nh USB.
Bin dch uboot cho arm khng s dng trnh bin dch gcc c sn trn my tnh
ci linux. Trc ht bn cn ci gi phn mm bin dch arm-linux-gcc.
Gi phn mm bin dch bn c th ti v t trn mng. Sau khi ti ta c file
arm-2009q3-67-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-.tar v v gii nn vo th mc gc ca
my tnh.
Trc khi bin dch, cn thit lp bin mi trng v ng dn cho trnh bin
dch, v d nh sau:
$export PATH=$PATH:/home/arm/project/compile/arm-2009q3/bin/
Trong th mc PATH=/home/arm/project/compile/arm-2009q3/bin/ cha
cc trnh bin dch nh arm-linux-gcc.
Bin dch uboot cho h thng
Make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi- distclean: Xa
ht cc cu hnh bin dch trc .
Make at91sam9260ek_nandflash_config: Khai bo bin dch uboot cho
h thng board at91sam9260ek.
Make CROSS_COMPPILE= arm-none-linux-gnueabiNu qu trnh bin dch thnh cng trong th mc u-boot-2009 s tn ti file uboot.bin.
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HNH 4.19 :My linux sau khi bin dch xong uImage
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