Dien Tu Cong Suat

NGUYEN BiNH i» a - BAI GIAI & UNG DUNG etal ‘St ee al Sa _ ~ SUMAN Sae Ur eLN MUS OLANGUYEN B/NH DIEN TU CONG SUAT BAI TAP- BAI GIAI - UNG DUNG In Ian thit 5 c6 sita chita NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC VA KY THUAT HA NOI 2008LOI NOI DAU Cung voi su phat trién manh mé ctia ky thuat va cOng nghé ban dén dien, ngay nay dién tit cong sudt dé git mot vai tro quan trong trong hy thudt dién noi chung. Mén hoc Dign ti cng sudt dé tré thanh mén hoc bat bude déi udi sinh vien cdc nginh ky thuat dién, ty dong hoa. "Dien tit cong sudt™ vén duoc coi la mot trong nhiing mon co sd Ay tudt khé tidy thu vi nd len quan chat ché véi cdc mon hoc khde nhw Ui thuyét mach, ky thudt dién tz, todn cao edp: phuong trinh vi phén, chudi, foan tii, vw. Thé nhung “biét cach” thi khéng 06 gi khé cd: sau khi nghe bai gidng li thuyét, ta "hank" bing vai bai tép cé lai gidi chi tiét vai 56 lieu cu thé thi su hidu viet vin dé sé thu dao hon. Cuén sich nay gdm 73 bai tap chon loc, d mute dé trung binh trd Len, la nhitng bai todn thuong it whiu gay khd khan cho sinh vien, Noi dung cia né duge chia thank 5 phitn, bas trim cic phiin chink cilia mén hoc Dién tit cong sudt. Phin I: Chinh Inu didt, 17 bai. Phin Il: Chink luw tiristor, 29 bai Phin IIT: Bam dién ap mot chitu (hacheur, chopper), 5 bai. Phan IV: Ditu chink dien dp xoay chiéu (gradateur), 10 bai. Phan V: Bien tan (onduleur), 12 bai Dé bai vir céic 86 lieu duoc bién soon tis cdc tai lieu ca Nga, Hungary, Phap, Anh, Thuy Si, Canada la nhung nude co nganh cong nghitp phat trién, Cach gidt bai todn va 86 cde cong thie, phuong trinh duce van dung dé gidt tring hop vdi noi dung trink bay trong cudn "Dien tit cong suét aia cling tée gid, xudt bdn nam 2000. Tac gid co chir ¥ dén dat sinh vien gidi bai todn theo titng bude, hét dau hode tir dinh nghia, dink tuat hoae tic phuong trinh todn li, sau do van dung cong cu todn hoc nhu phwong phdp gidi phvong trinh vi phan, toan tt! Laplace, chuédi Fourier,... cho dén hét qué cubi clung. Hy vong cuon fich nay it nhiéu giup ich cho sink vin cae truang daihoc k¥ thudt va cée ban dang lam viéc trong nganh ky thuat dign noi chung. Tac gid bay 6 long bidt on doi vdi Phong dio tao, cdc ddng nghiép trong 66 mon Ty dong héa xi nghitp cong nghiép, khoa Dién, truomg Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha Noi, cling nhy Nha xudt bin Khoa hoe va Ky thuat dé Rhich Us, dong vién nhi’u dé cuén séch sém dén tay ban doc. Tic gid chan thanh cdm on nhing ¥ kién, nhan xét eta cde ban dong nghiép, ban doc xa, gin, Thu tit gop ¥ xin gui v8 dia chi: "BO mon Tu dong héa xf nghi¢p cong nghiép, khoa Dién, trudmg Dai hoc Béch Khoa Ha Noi’. TAGmuc Luc Loi néi dau PHAN I. CHINH LU DIOT Chinh luu didt mot pha: Bai s6 1 + 10 Chinh Iuu didt ba pha: Bai 1) + 17 PHAN HH. CHINH LUU TIRISTOR Chinh iuu tiristor mot pha: Bai 18 = 31 Chinh lu tiristor ba pha: Bai 32 + 46 PHAN II. BAM DIEN AP MOT CHIEU Bai 47 + 51 PHAN IV. DIEU CHINH DIEN AP XOAY CHIEU Diéu chinh dién dp xoay chiéu mét pha: Bai 52 + 57 Ditu chinh dign Ap xoay chiéu ba pha: Bai 58 + 61 PHAN V. BIEN TAN Bien tan mot pha: Bai 62 + 70 Bién tan ba pha: Bai 71 + 73PHAN I CHINH LUU DIOT BAI SO 1 Cho sa dé chinh Iuvu diét mét pha, nia chu kj, hinh 1 Dang dién tai iy cling 1a dong dign chay trong didt i, eo dang trinh bay trén hinh Ib. Khi didt dan dong, dién dp roi trong ban than no duge mo tA bang biéu thie: uy = 0,85 + 0,9.1074,, Hay tinh tri trung binh ciia cong sudt tén thét P,, khi tri trung binh cha dong tai la 1, = 200 A % 1 oe oa 3, a 4 wot o x a) 6) Bai yidi ‘Tri trung binh cha cong suat tén that trong di6t, theo dinh nghia, dugc mé ta bang bidu thie: 1! 1} 7 Pr = GJ tpdndt = Ff (0,85 + 0,0009.ip)in at ——J if, dt = 0,851, + 0,000917, To O86 a = taf iat + eg 1009trong do Ip, 1 {a tri trung binh va tri higu dung cia dong chay trong diot. Trong so dd dang xét ly = I, va theo dinh nghia, ta cd Tym _ #.200 = = 314 A. 2 2 Vay tri trong binh céa cong sudt tén that trong di6t 1a; Py = 0,85 . 200 + 0,009 . 3142 = 258,73 W. BAI SO 2 Cong suat tén thét trong tiristor ld P, = 30 W. Nhiét do gidi han cia mat ghép la T, = 125°C, Nhiet do moi trudng la T, = 35°C. Cho biét dien tro nhiét gitfa mat ghép va cénh tan nhiét lA Ri, = 0,8°C/W, Hay tinh: a, Dign tré nhiét gitia canh tan nhigt va moi trudng, R,, b. Nhiét 46 vé thiét bi noi tren Bai gidi Téng nhiét trd cia thiét bi: Ry = Ry + Re + Be 125 - 35 30 Nhiét tré gidta mat ghép va canh tan nhiét: R, = Ry + Ry = 0,8°CW = B°CW. 7 Nhiét tré gitta cdnh tan nhiét va moi trueng: R,, = Ry — Ry = 8 - 0,8 = 22°CNW. Nhiét do vé thiét bi T= + Ry. Pp = 85 + 2.2. 30 = 101°C BAI SO 3 Cong suat tén that trong mét tiristor 8 ché d6 Iam vite dinh mite 1aP, = 300 W Téng nhiét tra Ry, = 0,2°C/W. Nhiat do mai trudng T, = 40°C. Nhiét do mat ghép khong duge vuot qua Tj, = 125°C. Hay tinh cong sust tén that lon what cho phép Py, khi Tam viée qué tai trong thai gian ngdn (= 100 ms), trong khoang thoi gian nay nhiét trd qua do chi con Rig = 0,05°C/W. Bai gigi Nhiét do mat ghép khi tiristor lam viée @ ché dO dinh mic: T = T, + RyPy = 40 + 0,2 . 300 = 100°C Nhiét dé cho phép tang thém trong thdi gian lam viée qua tai = T,, — Tj = 125 — 100 = 26°C. ym ‘it tén that cho phép tang thém trong thii gian lam viée qué Cong sudt tdn that lam nhat cho phép qué tai trong thdi gian ngén Phy = Py + AP; = 300 + 500 = 800 W. BAI SO 4 Cho so dd chink luu didt mot pha, nifa chu ky, trinh bay trén hinh 2a. ‘Tri hiéu dung ciia dién ap ngudn bang 240 V, tn sé f = 50 Hz. Mach tal gom dién cAm L = 0,1 H néi tiép voi dien rs R = 10 Q. wink 2 4)a, Xac dinh dang song dong dién tai iy b. Tinh tri trung binh cia dién dp tAi Uy va cba dong dién tai Iy Bai yiai a. Xée dink biéu thie dong dign tai iy Khi dong nguin dién xoay chiéu, xem didt D 1a phn tir HW tudng, 6 thé viet phwang trinh sau vy Ray =u = VUeinut at Van dung cong thde (11.2), nghiém etia phuong trinh trén sé 1a: iy = 1,sin® — y) + Ising Mets | trong do: tap =e = KONO Ms, = 1,2026 rad, = 72°84 ROR 10 Tn = eee = = 10,208 5 tsi = 9,81 mS VRE RE 32,97 ae . Bidu thie eda iy: iy = 10,295.sini0 - 1,2626) + 9,81.e° 0.1K Goo dan dong cia didt, ky hidu 1A 2, duge xae dinh bang cach gidi phuong trinh si¢u viét (IL3): sin ~ 1,2626) — 0,9528.¢%.144 A = 4,6251 rad. = 265" Dong dién tai iy dat tri cue dai khi @ = , tng véi giao diém cla dung cong Riiy va dang cong biéu dién dién ap ngudn. Dé xac dinh 6, ta giai phuong trinh: RI, sin(@, — p) + RIe%ice = V2Usin# 4, = 2,7052 rad. = 155" Tri cue dai cia dong dién tai Tym = 10.295 sin(1,4426) + 981.6 6! = 14,36 A. 6. Tink (ri trung binh Uy Ty 12 02st Uy == { VBUsineds = 54 f sinédé = 58,7 V aw *a = 5 Liye anf 1 = — J Ipsin( — 9).d0 + S sing. Mter,d8 Qn a ane 12 = J Tysin QdQ +—— f Tpsinge ME" aH e Br a 1 Lysing . = [ cosp ~ costa - y)] - (er het — 1) 2a 2n etgy Uy 58,7 Neudi ta thuang tinh: Ty = 587 A P, 10 Duong cong biéu dién i, va uy dude trinh bay trén hinh 2b, BAI S6 5 Cho sa dé chinh Iva didt mét pha, hai nia chu ky, loc bang tu dign, xem hinh 3. u = V2.U sinwt; U = 70,71 V; R = 300 Qf = 50 Hz; C a, Viet cic bieu thule (tri tie thai) ca ig. ig iy 333 pF. b. Xée dinh ty la thoi diém dist D, bi khoa lai. ©. Viet bi dién vao tai R. 1 thiic (ti te thai) cia u,(t) trong giai doan tu dién © phong d. Xac dinh t, la thai diém diot D, bat dau din dong. e. Tinh Uyyy YA His Mink 3 uMBai pidi a, Biéu thie cia ede dong ditn: v2U ie = > sine du 7 ie = CS = wOVEUcosut at v2U q_ Sinet + wC.V2Ueosut ip = ig + ig ig) = 0,3338inwt + 10,456.coswt b. Tinh ty Khi D, bi khoa lai, ip, = 0, bay gid ta 10,456 telwty) = - | 7 8878 Or | 919824 Ta lay nghiem duong: wt, = 91°824 hodc 1,6 rad 16 ©. Biéu thie cia w, trong giai doan phéng dién vao R. Khi t = ty u(t) = V2.U.sinut, = 100 . 0,9995 = 99,55 V UL = 39,95.eC4DIRC = 99,95.61M42), d. Tinh 1, © ché do xAc lap, thoi diém bat dau ddn dong céa D, cing bing thai diém din dong cia D, d6i véi nita chu kp thich Ung, do do co thé vist: ait, — ty) = —v2Usinut, 99, 95.0442) = — 100 sinwt, (wt, 1a gino diém cia duimg cong phéng dién cia u, va dvong biéu dién dign ap ngudn trong nita chu ky thich ung vdi D2, xem hinh 3), Day \ phuang trinh sigu viét. Dé tim nghiém t, ed thé ding phuong phap do thi hoac may tinh dién tit 12chi t, = 0,0137 s Ung voi ty la géc wt, = 314 . 0,0137 = 4,3 rad hose 246°. Goi 6, = wt, 1A gée ma cba didt D,: @, = wt, — x = 4,3 ~ 314 = 1,16 rad hoac 66°6. t= 2h AMS L369 1 314 “ara 7 HOP Ms Khoang thdi gian D, din dong: 4) = 6 _ 16 ~ 1,16 t= =— = 14.103 s, o 314 . bang 7% cha mot chu ky. 6. Tinh Us, vt ina Khi mot dit din dong thi didt con lai phai chiu dien 4p nguge U, Uim = 2.V2.U = 200 V. Biéu thc cia dong chay trong didt D, la: i}, = 0,833sinut + 10,456.cosut a Lay dao ham eta biéu thie trén va cho bing khong, sé tim duc: (wt) = 1"824 hoge 0,0318 rad, d6i voi géc toa do la O. Vi biéu thie (1) chi ding trong khoang 6, < wt < 8, nén (wt), = (t’),, + 8, = 00318 + 1,16 = 1,1918 rad hoac 68,32 ‘ThE (wt), vao (1) ta nhan duge tri cue dai cia dong ip: 0,3094 + 3,8626 = 4,172 A i Dm BAI S6 6 Ngudi ta ding thiét bi chinh Ivu cAu mot pha dé nap dién cho Acquy, e6 sife dign dong E = 120 V, dong nap I, = 40 A. ‘Tri higu dung cia dien ap ngudn 1a 220 V, t&n 86 a. Tinh t, 1a thai diém chiét = 50 Hz hinh Iu bat dau cung cap dong nap cho Acquy trong tig nita chu ky. 1 thai gian dan dong cha méi dist trong mot chu ky. b. Dign tro R phai bang bao nhiéu dé dim bio dong nap yeu cau, c. Tinh tri higu dung cla dong’ tai. 134. Tinh hi¢u sudt cia thiét bi. Bai pidti So dé chinh Ivu va dd thi dién ap chinh htu trinh bay trén hinh 4. a. Buu thite dién dp ngubn dién xoay chivu: u = v2 U sind, 314 st trong dé = wt, w = nf ge inn 4 ‘Thiét bi chinh Iuu bit dau cung clip dong dién nap Acquy khi 6 = 8, V2.U.sind) = E 120 ~V2.220 Vay sind, 0,3959 rad 1,26 ms = 28482 rad = 7,478 ms. b, Tinh K Tri trang binh cia dong tai, van dung cong thie (II.17) 221, cost or We ao Loo pie 4trong dé cost, = 0,926; sin#, = 0,3856; T = 0,02 s; ly = 40 A 9226 78.10% 4 — ——_—__ 0,3856 ] = 2,32 a = 0,02 | ¢, Tri higu dung eta dong tdi, van dung cong thite (11.19) wu - Ef tT (v2.220 — 120) — = =_— ———— V0,3739 = 50,38 A. R 32, d. Hiéu suat cia thiét bj, van dung cong thie: Ely 4800 y a 84,9 El, + RP 10688 BAI SO 7 Cho sa dé chinh lyw didt cau mot pha, hinh 5, U = 71 V, E = 48 V, R= 0.8 Qf = 50 Hz 2.V2.U Dien ap tai uy = ——— 0 + 5 cosdut) a. Tinh tri trung binh cia dang tai I, b. Tinh tri sé ca dign cam L can dau néi tiép vac mach tai dé tri hiéu dung I, ciia thanh phan xoay chiéu ciia dang iy chi con bing 10%1y cc. Ve cae dung CONE iyy). i926 tig jpg YAK d. Tinh tri higu dung 1 Bai gid a. Tinh 1, Van dung cong thie (1.17) 2wv2.U ( cost y= — = sin6,) E AS trong dé sind, =—=— = —— = 0,478. v2.U 100,4 Vay 6, = 28°5577 hoac 0,498 rad. wr = 7 — 2, = 21436 rad 2,1436 1 => = 6,826 ms 314 150,3413 2v3.71 8783 a) = 0/8413 . 0,478) = 29,26 A. 08 814 6. Tink L. Van dung céng thite (11.20): di, EU 8 L — > cos2ut at x a A coswyt, i A = 42,6365, 0, = 2u. L Biéu thc cia thanh phan xoay chi’u cia dong tai iy 6 dang: a i, = f — cosutdt = —— sinwt. aL wy Tri hiéu dung ciia thanh phan xoay chitu I, cba dong tai iy: A 42,6365 “wlv2 2. B14.V2L Néu I, = 0,11, = 2,926 A thi ngudi ta phai du néi tigp vao mach tai mot diga cAm es tri $6: 42,6365 Ls _ 5 16,4 mH 2314 . ¥22,026 Minn 56 VP cde Mitomg CONE Aig, iy yy iy 84 i Sau khi dau cudn cam L vao mach tai, co thé xem dong tai iy duge ném thing, iy = Ty 1 MULE vagy 2 2MBU os v ye wei uy EE 63,98 63,95 ~ 48 io = 0A. 0,8 Cac dong cong biéu dién dién Ap uy va cae dong dién dugc trinh bay tren hinh 5. d, Tinh 1 tav (yaa BAI SG 8 20 A Cho hai sa dé chink luv didt, xem hinh 6h, mot pha, hai nia chu ky va mot pha. Tri hidu dung eda dién ap nguon xoay chiéu lA U, = 240 V. Tai 1a mot dién cam Ién, tigu thu dong dién Iy = 12 A = const. Dién ap trén tai la U Orv 150 V. GiA thiét dien ap roi trén méi dit la Hay tinh toxin chi tiét hai so dé trén vA so sinh Bei iat Dang dien ap va dong dién trong hai so dd dang xét duge trinh bay tron hinh Ga @. Doi vin sa dé chink Iw didt mot pha, hai nita chi &y: ‘Theo cong thie 11.7. 2v2u. = - 07 = 150 V do ds Uy = 167.4 V (tri hieu dymg cia dién ap mot cugn day thit cap) ‘Tri higu dung cfa dong dién chay trong méi cudn day thi cép: 172 = oF Wo paws Le a G Mor —[ ° x Sh bog 4 de ° f x at ety he 7 rita, a3 6 "be 7 - Z 6) a) inn 1 7 12 Tn = Ty = = Jhao=—— = 848A ~ Qn v2 U; 167.4 ‘1M 86 bigh ap m =—2 = = 06975 Uy 240 ‘Tri ttc thai cha dong dién so cp: i, = mi, Tri higu dung eda dong dién so cap: = ia = f= f tmiy2d0 Jom1y2d0 = 0,6975.12 = 8,37 A Qn x Cong suat biéu kién ola may bign ap: 8+ 8 1S 18S, = 240 . 8,37 = 20088 VA S, = 2U,L, = 2. 1674. 848 = 28391 S = 2,424 kVA Dién ap ngugc cue sai méi diét phai chiu: Usp = 2V3U, = 4735 V. Tri trung binh cia dang chay qua didt: Ty 2 l= =64 6. Déi Udi so dd clu mot pha: 2v2U, qe = 14 = 150 V x do do U, = 168,2V Ti 56 bién ap: Gz _ 1682 m= = uU, 240 . Tri higu dung eda dong dién tht cap Tri hieu dung cia dong dién so 4p: I, = mI, = 844 Cong suat biéu kign cia may bien dp: 240 . 8,4 = 2016 VA 168,2 . 12 = 2018,4 VA = 2,018 kVA Dign Ap nguoe cye dai méi didt phai chi Ui = V2U, = 238 V ‘Dri trung binh cua dong chay qua di6t: I, = 6A Két luan: So do cau wa viet hon ve kich thuéc may bién 4p va ve dien 14 0,7 ap nguge U,,y nhung tén that dién ap trén didt Ion hon: 755 80 voi 755 19BAI S6 9 Cho so dé chinh Iuu diét cAu mét pha dude nudi tir ngudn dién xoay chiéu 50 V, 50 Hz. Dong dién tai duge ndn thang, ly = 60 A a. Tinh céc dién ap rai do: . dién cam ngudn L, = 0,1 mH; . méi didt cd dién ap roi thuan 1a (0,6 + 0,002i) V; . dién trd cia ngudn va day néi 1a 0,002 Q. b. Vé mach dién tuong dudng cla b6 chinh Iuu. Bai gidi So dd chinh Iuu tiristor cau mot pha, Khi géc mé a so dd chinh wu diot cau mot pha. 0, sé trd thank a. Tinh ede dién ép roi ‘Theo (IV.21) dién ap rai do din cAm ngubn gay nén 1a: 2X, 2. Qe 0,110 . 60 AU, = = 0,02, = 1,2 V Vi lic nao cong co hai didt din dong nén dién ap rai trén 2AU,, = 20,6 + 0,002 . 60) = 1,44 V. n Ap roi trén dign trd = 0,002 , 60 = 0,12 V. Dién ap chinh fwu Ki tudng la: 2v2 U _ 2v2. 50 Uy = ANE 50 _ 45,016 V x x b. Mach dign tuong duong dugc trinh bay tren hink 7. ag 2 ot Bién coin Bitin tro! Ty = BOA > > + rev 406q = 022.002 pee Uf = 42,256 Kin 7 20BAI SO 10 Cho so dé ba bd chinh luu dist cu mot pha, duoc nudi tit ngudn dién ba pha, xem hinh 8a. Gid thiét: dién ap rai trén méi didt 1A AU,, = 0,7 V; - dong dién tAi duge nan thang I, = 60 A; - tri trung binh cia dién ap tai 1A Uy = 300 V. a. Tinh tri higu dung cda dién dp pha thit c&p Uy, b. Tinh tr) trung binh va trj hiéu dung ctia dong dién chay trong mdi diot. c. Ve dang dién ap tai u, va dang dong dign day 60 cap iy d. So sanh so d chinh wu nay véi sa dd chinh Inu di6t cAu ba pha thang thuang Bai giai a. Tinh Uy Tri tite thoi cia dign 4p tai bang téng din ap ra ede ba cau mét pha. Trong khoang 0,0, trén hinh 8b ta cé: 8 = Ma 7 Yan 7 Hae Uy = ¥2U, [sind - sin(@ - 22/3) - sin(@ - 4x/3)) = 2V2U,siné ‘Tri trung binh cia di¢n dp do méi cau tao ra tren tdi bang mét phan ba cia tri trung binh dién ap tai, do do ed thé viet phugng trinh: 300 2v2Uy — =~? -@.07 3 x vanitra Uy = 112,627 V. Lie nao edng c6 6 diot din dong. Vi dy, trong khodng 0,0, cdc dist sau day dong thai din dong: Dy, Da, Diy Dyy Dig yr Dé minh chiing, cs thé tinh tri trung binh cha dién dp tdi nhu sau: 2a Wy = f 2v2 . 112,627.sinada - (6 . 0,7) Qn an = 3042 ~ 42 = 300 V 21&. Tinh cae dong dien. M6i Tri trung binh cia dang dign dist: jot din dong dién tai Ty trong nia chu ky. Ty Tey id = = 30 A fk 2 ‘Tri hieu dung cia dong di¢n didt: 4 2B sno yen honhe &) a) Mink8 ©, Cac duong cong biéu dién Cac duting cong bidu dién uy va iq yy — ij, duoc trinh bay trén hinh 8b. 4. So sanh véi so dd chinh Iuu cu ba pha. 80 ad 86 dB dang xe! ‘cau ba pha Chi tiga Um vB, vel, igi ys Ally 2Ally s — 1047Pa Qua so sinh cac chi tieu ghi trong bang tren, co thé rut ra két luan Chi nen ding so do dang xét trong trugng hap dién dp tai cao BAL SO 11 Thiét bi chinh Inu di6t ba pha hinh tia, ba diot cap dong cho mot mach tai gom sd.d E = 120 V, R = 5 Q. Tri higu dung cba dién ap pha la U 220 V, tan sé nguon dign xoay chiéu la £ = 50 Hz. a. Vé dung cong cia dong dién iy chdy trong tai vA cia i, chay trong mot didt. b. Tinh tri trung binh cua dong iy cia dang ip, ‘Tinh tri higu dyng cda dong chay trong méi cudn day thif céip may bien ap. c. Néw xem bid thife gial teh ca uy 1 uy = YEU Gy 4 S88e 2a 4 tinh dién cAm L cin néi tiép vao mach tAi dé tri hiéu dung cba thanh phan xoay chidu cia dong ti ig 1a I, chi bang 0,11, 23Bai gidi v: a, Vi —— > E nen iy la dong lin tuc, Méi didt din dong trong 1/3 chu ky, v2U EB 5 = 88,22 A; xem hinh 9. fuse = Homa Minn a b. Tri trung binh cia dong tii: 3 ED v2U sind - E Qa su\ R 257,43 — 120 a = 27,48 A ‘Tri trung binh cia dong chdy trong didt 1 St) vBUsing — 16 A Ip = 0 Or | a0 ‘Tri higu dung cia dong thi cap bién ap[1S yQU sin ~ B / a ea (eS a 15,6 A trong d6 wr = 2x/3 c. Tinh L, Theo cong thie (11.25): uy = Uy + a, aveu di, cosut = Ri, + L —* ar at di, 3véU L cost, veiw, = Bw. at Sn avéu 3.6220 i, =f cos. do = sind Bw L 8.314.3. 314L 0.06832 ——— . sind. 0,06832 ‘Tri higu dung ella i, IAI, =—— 5 = Olly = 2,748 A 0,06832 vay a = 17,58 mH. V2.2,748 BAL 12 Thiet bi chinh Ivy didt cau ba pha cung ep ddng cho mach tai gdm, sdd E = 200 V, R = 6 Q. Tri higu dung cia dién 4p pha cia ngudn dién xoay chiéu la U = 220 V, tin s6 la f = 50 Hz a. Ve cae duang cong biéu dién céc dong dien: + trong mach ti,iy + trong mot dist, ip + trong méi pha ciia ngudn dién xoay chigu i b. Tink tri trung binh Ty va Ip c. Néu bidu thite giai tich cba dign ap trén mach tai la 3v6U 2 uy = (1 +55 exeGut) Tinh dien cam L c&n néi tiép vao mach tai dé tri higu dung cia thank phan xoay chiéu cia iy la 1, = 10%, 25Bai gidi a, So dB chink luu va cée dung cong biéu dién cae dong dién trinh bay trén hinh 10. Méi dit din dong trong 1/3 chu ky yh vo Mink 10 Lo 26Tai diém A trén so dd ta cd thé viet: i= ip — ips b. Tri trung binh eta cac dong dién. Tir biéu thie cia tri tile thoi cia dong tai iy ="! Néu chuyén géc toa 46 O sang O° ta od: 6 uy -E qy en R88 voi ag = VEU cose 1 avéu ty ~ E) = 5248 A 2 yy Ip = 1 ) do = 0 On Af x) ¢. Tinh L. Van dung cong thite (11.33): uy = Uy tu, 6v6u u, =——— .cosbut = Accosbwt, voi A = 20,42 oe di, A L—" = Acosbut + i, = ——sin6wt at 6uL Tri higu dung eda i, la: ev S sin66)"do = 6uLv' jg = 5,248 A thi 29,42 WO ——____ = 2,1.103H = 2,1 mH. 6. 814 . 5,248V2 BAI SG 13 ‘Mot bo chink Juu didt chu ba pha duge nudi tif ngudn dién xoay chidu co dién dp day 380 V, thong qua may bién Ap ba pha néi tam gidc - sao (AfY). Gia thiét dién dp roi tren mdi didt 14 0,7 V va dong dién tai dugc nan thing, Iy = 60 A. Dien ap trén tai %& 300 V.a, Tinh tri trung binh cia dong dién didt Ip va dien ap nguge méi diot phai chiu U, b. Tinh may bién ap: Bai gidi v6 U, Déi voi so dé ti tudng: Uy f . . 3v6 U, Doi vai trutmg hop dang xét: U'y =———>. — (2. 0,7) = 300 V, % trong dé U, Ia tri higu dung cia dign ap pha thi cap; 5, - 20041 ag as y 2 3v6 oes a. Cac dae tinh eta didt. - Tri trung binh cia dong chay trong diet: ly _ 60 = = 20A 3 1, 3 + Tri eye dai cla dién dp nguge dat trén méi dist: U,, = V6.U, = 315,6 V b, Déi vdi may bién ap: - Tri higu dung cia dong chay trong méi cugn day thit cp: 2 heals - Cong suat biéu kién cha may bign dp: S = 3U,I, = 3. 128,85 . 49 = 18,94 kVA U, _ 128,85 380 60 . 0,816 = 49 A. + Ti sé bien ap: m = 0,339 - Tri hieu dung ca dong chay trong méi cudn day so cap: I, = mi, = 0,339 . 49 = 16,62 A BAI SO 14 Mot bo chinh Iuu diot cAu ba pha duoc nudi tit nguon dién xoay chiéu ba pha co cong suat biéu kién ngin mach 75 kVA va dién ap day la 220 V, xem hinh 11a 28Hay vé dang dung cong dién dp tdi va dong dién ngudn khi dong dién 140 A, tai gid thiét duge nfm thang la Ty Bai gidi Cong suat biéu kién ngin mach cla mot pha: 75000 = 25000 VA ‘Tri higu dung dién ap pha U =—— = 127 V y3 Tri higu dung eta dong dién ngan mach (gia thiét téng tré nguon 1a thuan khang): _ 25000 127 Dien khang cia mot pha ngudn: u 127 “ Tnm 196,85 Xae dinh goc trang din ‘Theo cong thie (IV.34) d6i vi chinh Inu tiristor cau ba pha: = 196,85 A ph = 0,645 3X, 3v6U —— “> [eos cos + «| huang trinh trén cong ding véi so dd chinh Iuu didt cau be pha néu thay cho gic « = 0: ly = cos veu a 2. 0,645 . 140 come = 1 — 2A OGI MOL 041945 V6127 n= 652 Két qua nay khong chap nhan duge, vi trong mét chu ky 360° os 6 lan p chuyén mach, gi6i han eda méi lan chuyén mach 1a 4, =—g~ = 60%. Phai gia bai to’in theo cich khde. Nhén xét: Khi D, va D, trang dan, D, dat din thé diém B (hic nay u, > 0) vao 29catot cia D, khién D, bj phan cyte nguge, do dé D, khong thé chuyén dong dign tai sang D, nhut binh thudng duce. D, tiép tuc don din thém mét khoang nia, cho dén khi sy chuyén mach tit D, sang D, ket thie, Tinh hinh dign ra giéng nhit céc didt 1A nhiing tiristor vai goc ma a nao ds. Dé xe dinh goc a, cd thé xem sd dd dang xét 1A so dd chinh luu tiristor inn 9 cau ba pha, co gée mé la a va géc tring dn la uw = 60°. Van dung cong thife (IV.34): 2X, = cosa — cos + a) cosa — cos(60 + 2) = 0,5806 30= 5°. Duong cong biéu dién dien dp tai u’y va dong dién ngudn in4 duge trinh bay trén hink 11b, véi géc « duge vé lén hon mot chut. BAI SO 15 Cho so dé chinh Luu didt cau mét pha va so dd chinh luu diét chu ba pha. Gid thiét dong dién tai duge nan thang iy = Ty va ba qua dién ap roi trén cdc phan tit, bé qua hien tugng trang dAn. a. Ve dang dién ap tai va dang dién nguén xoay chiéu cia hai so dd chinh hire b. Xéc dinh hé 86 cing suat dau vao cosp va ti s6 sing co ban T,, cia dong dién ngudn xoay chi@u ota hai so dé chinh wu Bai gidi a, Dién Ap thi uy vA dong dién ngudn xoay chidu i, cd dang trinh bay trén hin 12 bp. Xde dink cosp va T,; ‘Theo dink nghla Cong sudt trung binh cia tai cosp = ——_, biéu kign cha ngudn Cong su: rT wT trong do 'I va I 1A tri hiéu dung cia thanh phin sing co ban iia dong dien ngwdn i, va tri higu dung eda dong dign ngudn i, Dong dign nguén i, cda cd hai so db ed dang *hinh sin chit nhat* va *hinh sin gin chit hat", Chung la nhing ham sé lé, e¢ chu ky 2L = 2 Khai trién Fourier cia chting os dang: i, = bysinut + dysindot + .. bysinnut + trong ds by 1a bién dd cye dai ctia song bac n. 2) no Tysin——d0, n= 1, 2, 3, ra ey Déi véi sa dd cay mot pha: 312 2y , 1 — cosnx b, Iysinnodé = —*, eer eee i) 41 sin3et__sin5wt_—_sin7ut Is /5i i, = wt + an ne 3 57 ) Di voi so dd ciu ba pha 2 Sn 2, = cossn/6 by = + f Tysinnng = “ld Sosnn/6 ~ cosSn2/6, a ale x 2 v3 sindwt sinTwt — sinllwt sin] 3wt i, = Iy(sinwt - - - o— + - 5 7 u 13 Truong hop so dd cau mot pha Hi 0 at Vals é 86 cong suat cosp =! , 8 oe yy wru trong dé: Uy = : 2» l= /—f Ga x0 a 2v2 Uly no ore Uy Tri hieu dung cia thanh phin song co bin cia dong dién nguon i, 4ly y= avd Ti s6 sng ca ban 41, oy =—_ 2 0; nv2ly Truong hop so dé cau ba pha: UM tong cosp = i, trong ds avéuTam f ijdo = a 2m cosy = = 0,9549 Kink at 332V3ly a2 Ti 86 song cc ban v3, 7NE0816515 = 0,9549 BAI SO 16 Cho s¢ 4 chinh lwu didt ba pha, kiéu tia nhu trén hinh 13. Mach tai gdm dién trd R néi tiép voi dién cam L. Bang cac dung cu do tuong, ngudi ta do duge cde sé lidu sau: Uy = 217 V; U, = 190 V; f = 50 Hz; I, = 500 A. a, Tinh R ——| e cy b, Tinh dign cam chuytin mach L, va gée tring din yw. Hink 19 Bai gidi Do co xét hign tugng tring din (L, # 0) nén dién dp chinh uu dich thue do duge la U'y = 217 V. + @ Quan hé gidfa tri trung binh cis dong tai va tri hiéu dung cia dong tht efip may bién 4p: v3.1, v3,500 = 866 A. U 217 — = 0,25 2 ts 866 b. Dien ap sut do hign twong tring din gay nén la: wel, 3V6.U; AU, = oe Woe Uy - Uy = 2 — 217 = 5,3263 V L, = 2n.5,3263/3 . 314 . 866 = 41uH. Phuong trinh chuyén mach: 34cosa — cos(a +f) = 2X IyVEU,. 0. Ta e6: Trong trudng hap dang xét, « L = cosy = 2X,1yv6.U, cose = 1 — (2. 814 . 41.10%.868)/V8.190 = 0,952 = 178 = 0,81 rad BAI SO 17 Cho so dd chinh }wu diét ba pha, kiéu tia, day quén may bien 4p dau thea kiéu Y/Z (sao-ziez4c), xem hink Ma. Dién ap day cla luéi dien la U = 416 V. Mach tai gdm dign tré R ni tiép voi dién cam L (L = @). 200 V va cla dong tai 1a Ty ‘Tri trung binh cia dign dp tai la Uy 30 A. a. VE cdc dong dién i, b. Tinh cong sudt cia may bién 4p. top iy Bai giai Dat U, 1a tri higu dung cia di¢n dp méi cudn day thit cp may bién Ap (66 6 cudn day thit c&ip 66 86 vong bang nhow). uy, = V2U,sine uy, = V2U,sin(@ — 2/3). uy, = VIU,sin(@ — 42/3) Dien ap dat trén diot D, 6 dang: Up, = V6U,sin(@ + 2/6) Up: Va Up, cham sau up, mot gée bing 2x/3 va 47/3 tuong tng. Van dung cong thite (VIIL12): iy = (NIN).Gy, - trong dé N, va N; la 86 vong day cia méi cugn day so c&p va thit edip tuong ung © day Pa, = hast Pap = tn Pos = io Cac dudng cong biéu dién dién ap va dong dign duge trink bay tren hinh 14b b. Tinh cong suat may bién dp. 35Tri higu dung ca dién dp dat tren didt, ky hieu la U;: v6U, S v3U, Uy ‘Tri trang binh cia dien ap tai: ‘Tri higu dung cia dien ap méi cudn day thi edp may bién dp: 2x.200 U, _ 98,73 Ti 86 bién ap: m =—? =" = 0,412. U, 415v3 YLYY Hinh 14 6)Tri higu dung ca dong dién thi cap: I, = Iyv3 = 303 = 17,82 A Tri higu dung cia dong dién sa cap may bién ap: [2 [2 lem Ty = 0412. v= 30 = 10,09 A Cong suat phia thit cAp: S, = 6U,], = 6 . 98,73 . 17,82 = 10,260 kVA Cong suat phia so cap 415 S, = 3U,], = 3. . 10,09 = 7,253 kVA v3 Cong suat may bién dp S = (S, + S,/2 = (10,26 + 7,253)/2 = 8,76 kVA. 37PHAN IT CHINH LUU TIRISTOR BAI S6 18 Cho so dé chinh luu tiristor mot pha, ntfa chu ky, trinh bay trén hinh 15a. Tri hiéu dung céa dién ap ngudn bang 240 V, tan sé f = 50 Hz. Mach tai gdm dién cam L = 0,1 H néi tiép véi dién trd R = 10 0. Goc mé tiristor a = 90". a. Xde dinh dang song dong dién tai iy b. Tinh tri trung binh caa dién Ap tai Uy va dong dién tai I, ae = a) Minn 45 Bai gidi a, Xée dink bidu thie cia dong dien tdi iy Khi cap xung dieu khién mé tiristor ta eo phuong trinh aig = L—! + Riy = v2Usin@ + a) at Van dung cong thiic (IV.2). Nghiém cia phuong trinh trén sé 1a: iy = [sin + a - ) — Tysinia ~ y).e% , 38a note wh X 100 BOO RR 0 v2.U TRO = 10,295; I,sin(a — yp) = 3,123 iy = 10,295sin(6 + 0,308) - 3,123¢031634 Xem J’ la géc tat cia dong dién iy, tinh tit thoi diém ep xung md tiristor, ta co quan hé sau: = 2, y = 1,2626 rad. = 72°34 sin’ + 0,308) = 0,3034.e0318% A’ = 2,705 rad. = 155". Dudng cong biéu dién iy duce trinh bay trén hinh 15b. b. Tink tri trung binh Uy Tg Van dung cong thite (IV.4) v2U, a” ja = 5 [cose - cost! + @)] v2.240 o = [e — cos(4,275)| = 22,88 V Qa J _ Ue 7288 sag y ue R10 “™ BAI SO 19 Neudi ta ding tranzitor mot mat ghép (UJT) dé diéu khién mot tiristor, xem hinh 16. Sa dd co cae théng s6 sau: ba cudn day thi c&p may bién 4p, véi tinh cuc ghi trén hinh vé, co cing trj hiéu dung cia dién dp 1a 110 V, tan sé f 50 Hz. Dign ap 6n dp cha di6t Zener Dy la Uy = 15 V, R = 15 kQ, C 0,2 WF, 1 = 0,5 (hé 56 cu true cha UIT) (Cho phép xem R, = 0 khi dign ap gitta hai cue cia Dz nhé hon Uz). a, Tinh thoi gian xvdt hi¢n xung tht nhat do UJT phat ra. b. Tinh chu ky xung, c. Chi ra nhing xung nao la xung dong b9. 39finn 18 Bai yidi Dien Ap gidta hai c¥e cla Dy la u duge vé trén hinh 17a, la nguon dien ap nap dién cho tu dién C. Trong ving 0 < t < t, co thé xem u la mét ham tuyén tink, u = at Trong ving t,, st < T/2 thiu = Uy = 15 V. a, Xéc dink t,, vit a u(t,) = V2.110sin314t, = 15 = at, V. 15 B14t, = aresin( ) = 0,09657 VEU10 t, = 0,307 ms: 15 a= —— = 48771 ty ‘Ty dién C duge nap 4ién qua hai giai doan. Giai doan 1:0 ty Phuong trinh mach nap: 41Viet dudi dang toan tit Laplace voi so kiém: khi t' = 0 thi u, = uy, 15b pU.ip) =u, + bU(p) 15b Up) = ———_ pip +b) “p+b = 16 =) + 0,740" 15 — 14,268" Khi u, = yUy thi UJT phat ra xung thi nhat. 0,5 15 = 15 — 14,260" 14,26e" 3830 = 7,5 t) = 1,927 ms. Vay thoi gian xudt hién xung du tien 1a: 0,307 + 1,927 = 2,234 ms. Bay git @, = wt, = 314t, = 0,7 rad hoae 40°2, +t t 1 b. Tinh chu ky rung Van dung eing thie: 1 T= RCIn = = 3.103.1In2 = 2,08 ms. -4 tan s6 xung: 1 f=— = 481 He T c. Qua hinh 17b thay rang, UJT phat ra 8 xung trong mot chu ky. Bon xung dau (dudng dam nét), dong pha vdi aia chu ky duong cha u), du co khA nang md duge tiristor. Thé nhung tiristor md cho dong chay qua Khi cue diéu khién cia nd mhan duge xung dau tién. Ba xung cdn Iai ton tai nhung khong cd tée dung, BAI SO 20 42 Cho sé dé chinh Ivy tiristor mot pha, 2 nita chu ky, xem hinh 18. U, = 100 V; f = 50 Hz; L = 1 mH; @ = 20/3 a. Viét biéu the cin dong tai iy». Kac dinh goc tat dong a c. Ve dudng cong biéu dién iy 4. Tinh tri trung binh cia dong ti Ty va cda dong tiristor 1, Z 4 —~ o~ Bret Hinh 8 Bai gigi a Biéu thie cia iy Khi T, mé cho ding chay qua ta es phyong trinh: V2.U3si1 L a U,sinwt = ol oa at aut Giai phuang trinh trén, duge: v2U, ig = SF sinutdot + A v2.U) =- Peosut + A woL Hang s6 A duge xac dinh thong qua so kien: Khi ut = « = 2n/8 thi iy = 0. v2; A=" 3 cose v2.U, Cust cing ta es ty = “(cosa ~ ensut 436. Xac dink goc 2 Biét rang khi wt = A thi iy = 0, bay gid cd dang thic cost = cosa Co hai nghiem: A = «@ vad = On — Vid > « nén lay nghiem A = 2n — « = 47/3 ©. Duong cong iy co dang trinh bay trén hinh 18b. Dong tai i, 1A dong gidn doan d, Tinh tri trung binh I, va 1, I, Z ys VBL td WO On wb Oost > coset cae v2U, > [@ ~ @) cose — sind + sina] v2.10 Qn v3 v3 =—__ [ — (- 0,5) + + ] 98,3 A 20314 | 3 2° 2 1 3 vB.u, he J 2 (cosa — cosut)dut = 49,15 A BAI SO 21 Cho sa dd chink Ivu hén hop mét pha, 2 ntfa chu ky, gdm hai didt va hai tiristo. la dién tré thuan R. Cac tiristor va diét déu la nhiing phan ty ly tudng. Day quan thu cap gom bon cudn day co sé vong bang nhau; xem hinh 19. Tri higu dung cba dign Ap so cfip va tht cap 1A Uy = U = 100 V. Cho R= 109, a = 22. a. Ve dung cong Minh 19 44bidu dién uy b. Ve cae dudng cong bigu diém iy tgp ig iy VA iy Ve duong cong bidu dién dong dién so chp i, Ve cc dudng cong biéu dién dién ap andt - catat cua T, va D, aes ‘Tinh tri higu dung cia dong so cp 1, Tinh tri trung binh cia dién 4p chinh lua Uy, a) ot ty ing ») I By iat Pt af “n Ary ing ° a 4) o £ = ae win 20 Bai gidi Via # 0 nén D, din dong truse 7, ‘Trong mia chu ky dong cba dién ap nguon, trong khong 0 < 8 < x/2, D, din dong, dién ap Aat trén T, la u. Khi @ = 4/2, T, bat dau dan dong, dign ap dat tren D, la —u Trong niia chu ky am cia dién 4p ngudn, trong khoang x < 6 < 31/2, dist Dy dan dong, dién ap trén D, la —2u con dién Ap trén T, lA ~3u. Khi @ = 37/2, T, bat dau dn dong, dien 4p trén D, la —3u con dien ap trén T, la —4u.Cae dist D, va D, lam viee véi dien ap u. Cae tiristor T, va ‘TP, lam viée véi dién Ap 2u. a. Dién ap chinh luu uy co dang trinh bay trén hinh 20a. b. Trong khoang 0 < 6 < xI2, dong iy < a, dong iy, = 2U/R. = wR; Trong khoang x/2 < 6 Cang tuong ty nhu vay, e6 thé vé iy) va ij, trong nifa chu ky am cla dion ap ngudn Cie dutng cong biéu dién cic dong dién phia tht cép duce trinh bay trén hinh 20b, ¢, d. ce. Dat m = uyluy = ii Khi cae didt ddn dong: u, Khi cc tiristor din dong: u 5 1p = QWR, i, = 25, = 4uMR, Dutng cong biéu dién dong dign so cap duge trinh bay trén hinh 20d. 4. Dutmg cong biéu dién uy, va uy, duge trinh bay trén hinh 204. 4. Tri higu dung I, 1 72 vau 1 4v2U J ( == sinoyao +— J (—— sine)’de aOR x a R VB5 = 2915 A e. Tri trung binh Uy na s 3 v, (J V2.Using dé + {2v2U.sinede) = = 135 V xa m2 x BAI SO 22 Cho so dé trén hinh 21a, thiét bj bién déi lam viée 6 ché do nghich lwu phu thudéc. 200 V; B = 180 V; f= 50 Hx L, = 1 mH; R = 0,29; L = a. Tinh géc mé a tudng thich voi céc 56 ligu trén b. Tinh gece trang din. c. Ve c&e duang cong biéu dién iz, va dign 4p nguge u,. 46Minn 24 Bai gidi Do L = © nén dong tai iy 1A dong lién tye va duge nan thing, iy = fy Da L, # 0 nén tri trung binh eda dién ap chinh lyu sut di mot it, chi con bang U'y 2V2.U) Xely Uy = Uy - AU, cosa ~ trong dé X, = ol, a. Goc md «. Wye (AR + 814. )ly - 2E ooe = 220, + 0,814)200 — 1807 2V2.200 « = 131°76 47b. Géc tring dén pw. Van dung phvong trinh chuyén mach (IV- 14): cosa ~ cose + a) = (X,Ty)V2.U, cos(u + a) = cosa — (X,1y)W2.U, 0,814 . 200 100 cos + a) = cosl3i"76 152°628 = 20°87. = 0,888 wre c. Cae duang cong biéu dign i Bien 6 cia iy, bang I, = 200 A. va ur, duge trinh bay trén hinh 21b BAI S6 23 Cho so dd chinh lu tiristor cau mot pha (hinh 22), Biét rang khi gée md a = 0 thi gée tring din ye = 30". a. Xéc dinh gée tring din w khi gde mé a = 45° va dong din tai khong adi b. Ve dang séng dién dp tai va dang cic dong dign trong hai truang hap. past FF] 7a] KR 2 Vis ids bh ie — eer c/—_|-_—* Hien 22 48Bai gidi a. Theo (IV.20) phuong trinh chuyén mach cia sa dB nay co dang: 2X, cosa — cosa + a) = v2U, Khi dong dign tdi khong d6i ta co thé viet phuong trinh: cos0® — cos(80" + 0" = cos45° - cos(u + 45%) Do dé = 10°04. b. Khi géc « = 0, trong giai doan chuyén mach tit T,, sang Ty, theo (IV.19") ta eo: ina = ve [1 ~ cos] fa = & {1 - cod] Khi goc a = 45%_ j v2u ina = Ia - [costs = cos + 45%] v2U fa [eos45" - costa + 45°] ‘Trong giai doan tring dfn (chuy€n mach), céc dong dién bién thién theo dang ham cosinus. Cae dung cong biéu dién dién dp tai va cdc ddng di@n dugc trinh bay trén hinh 22 BAI SO 24 Ngudi ta cung efp di¢n 4p phiin ung cho dong co di¢n mat chigu cong suat nhd, kich ti déc lap, tit ngudn dién xoay chiéu 240 V, 50 Hz qua thiét bi chinh luu tiristor chu mot pha khong déi xing, xem hinh 23a, Cae thong s6 cua phan ting dong co: L = 006 H, E = 150V,R=69 Hang 56 ti thong C = 0,9 N.m/A (Vitadis). Gée ma = 80° a. Xde dinh tri tute thai cia dong dién phn ung. b. Tinh tri trung binh cba momen, t6c do dong co. Bai gidi a. Tri tite thoi cita dong dign phin ung ig Khi 6 = a, ngudi ta mdi tiristor T;, phan tng dugc n6i voi ngudn nudi. Lay 6, lam gc toa do, od thé viet phuong trinh mach dién nhw sau: os + Rig + B= V2Uzsin(ot + 0), @ Dat R/L°S a va vi6t (1) du6i dang ton ti Laplace: 49E V2U, we sina ply(p) — igfo) + aly(p) + 2%. = Y2U2 weosa + psina P L P+ wt v2U yw zt utp) = 2 zvensa It 4 2Uzsing iP L (pta) (p? +w) L (ptalip? +0) E a -— —“*__ + igo) 5 R ppta 9p 4a 7 finn 23 Van dung cac quan hé ham anh — ham géc Ham anh Ham gée 1 1 a 42 . @ + ap + at (OF: Sine ~ coset) P 1 oa (-ae * + acoswt +wsinwt) (p + adip? + w) ab + w? —s l-e p(p + a) va dat x R x oL = X, VRP + X? =z, = = sing, — = cosp, —- = ¥ zh Oe Re ee Qua vai phép bién déi sé nhan duge biéu thie téng quat cia dong dien phan tng: 50E = I,,[ sin(@ + a - y) —sinla - eh. ee) = RL MEY) + ioe er, (3) ‘. v2U, ae Apa trong 6: Iq, =a Fo + Huo) la tri cha iy Khi ich ma Ty ‘Truamg hop iy la dong dien gidn doan thi ig(o) = 0. Giai doan nay két thtic 6 4), xem hinh 23b, 0, = m — a (tinh tit géc toa dd 0,). ‘Tri cia dong dien phan ting tai 0,: t EE ig(@)) = In| singe - y) - sin(a — y).e 88] — = 4 = BP, (A) 1g(Oy {sine ~ 9) - sin( pe | Rt Ro (4) sé lA so kién cba dong dién phn ong trong giai doan sav. Giai doan tit 6, dén 6, Trong giai doan nay, phin ung dong ca bj di6t D, lam ngin mach. Lay Jy lam géc toa do, cd thé viét phitong trinh sau: vit yp E=0 5) —" +Rig+ B= at td , G Viet (5) dei dang todn ti Laplace: Typ) = ig(6) + alr) Bos ) = i4(6,) + ———s Ply(p) — i4(@2) + alg(p i> iy() Ea Typ) = 82) Se pra R p(p + a) Do dé dong dién ph&n ving trong giai doan nay cd dang: E ig = i4(,).0° Ser — gare Shs), 6) Khi 6 = 0, iy = 0, do dé: ig) + ER 0, = tgpin (SE ER mg dung sé: = 80° = 1,3962 rad; ob tap =e = 9/1416, p = 1,266 rad 61v2U SURE RE 7 INS Ava ~ yp = 1 - a = 1,7454 rad 0,1336 rad iy.) = 17,158] sini,879 ~ sin(0,1336) Cael = 25 + 25.6° L788 1y(0,) = 4,38 A 4,38 + 25 6, = 3,1416.In = 0,5071 rad. = 29° (tinh tir g6e 8,) d. Tinh momen va t6e do dong co . Tri trung binh cua dign ap phan ung: 2 1. 4 x Uy == S vyse =— [ fede + { v2U,sinba6] % a m3 = 1 = — [150.(1,3962 - 0,507) + 339,4/c0s1,3962 + D] = 169,25 V ‘Tri trung binh cua dong dién phan tng: Uy - EB 169,25 - 150 1 = 82 R 6 Tri trung binh cia momen d6ng co: M = Cl = 0,9. 82 = 2,88 Nm . Téc do dong co: Xuat phat tit bigu thie: B= Cw E 150 166.6 radis. 1591,55 vg/ph. BAI s6 25 Cho so dd truyén dong T-D (chinh luu tiristor~ddng co dién mot chi8u) trinh bay ¢rén hinh 24. Tai 14 phn ung dong co dién mot chidu kich tit doc lap, Nguii ta diéu chinh dign 4p phan tng déng co nha cau chinh lye tiristor mét pha khong déi xing. Cho biét: U, = 240 V,@ = 110,28 = 69.Dang dién phan ung dong co kéo dai them mot khoang bang 50° tink tit thai diém khi u, = 0. Hang sé momen — dong dign, ky higu la C = 1 Naw/A, (M = CD). Hay xéc dinh téc do dong co khi M = 1,8 Nm finn 24 Bai gid Khi cap xung itu khién mé T,, dong dien tai iy chay qua D, va Ty: Up, = Uy Didt D, bi Khoa, ip, = 0 Néu ign cam mach tai la L = 0 thi iy = 0 tai diém O° khi U, = 86 di i, > 0 sau O' la viL > 0. Khi u, + 0, di6t D, phan eye thuan, din ding, i, >0, dién 4p tai uy =0 ‘Trj trung binh cia dign 4p tai, cing tite 1a dign dp dat trén phan tng dong co: 58stor 180 1 Ug = [ J Ede + F v.240 sino] * * so 210 0" 50" Uy = 0,333 + 71 ‘Trj trung binh céa dong dién phan ng khi M = 1,8 Num. 1,8 a= 18a Phvong trinh mach tai Us = B + Ri = 0,836 + 71 1 - 6.18 B =—__ = 90,5 v 1 = 0,333 Te bidu thc E = Cw = 1, > Rit ra t6e do dong co: 60 . 90,25 N= ~ 861,8 veiph. Qn BAI SO 26 Nguoi ta cung cap dién 4p phan ting cho mot dong co dién mot chiéu ich tir déc lap tit ngudn dign 240 V, 50 Hz, qua mét bd chinh Ivu tiristor cau mot pha. Cac thong s6 cha mach phan tng la: L = 0,05 H; R = 2 Q; hing s6 tit thong C = 1 .Nm/A (C = Viradis) a. Bé qua céc tén hao cia bd chinh Iuu, vé dang séng dign 4p tai uy va dong dign phan ting iy khi a = 60° va t6c dd dong co 18 w = 150 rad/s. Tinh momen dong co. b. Tinh goc mé a khi momen tai tang 50%, téc do khong déi w = 150 rad/s. Vé dang song dién ap va dong dién phin ung. Bai gidi a. Vé uy vd ig, tinh momen dong co. Xac dinh géc tét cha dong dign phan ting. Van dung biéu thie cia dong dién ph&n sng, da ching minh trong bai tap s6 24, biéu thic (3): 54ig = Tyq[ sin(o +a —y)- sinla - ) e rer] - E ~ Bl — MEM) + ig(o) or Mer. Biéu thie nay viét vai géc toa dd tai 0, 0. Déi voi nia chu ky dau tién ig(o! Theo 6 ligu cho trong bai, ta cd: v2U, 21,44 A; ty 187 786 1,44 rad, TRE a xe 7 2b A tay = = 7,85; » = 1,44 ra Xm @ = 60" = 1,047 rad; sin(a — g) = -0,383, E = Cw = 150 V. Gia thiet dong dign phan ing tat khi @ = E E a — p) = [Iysin(a — p) - — Jer eyter Tysin(0, + 9) a0 > [Insine - 9) ~ = je% 8s 21,44sin(@, — 0,393) ~ 75 = —83,21.e° % Day JA mot phuong trinh siéu viet, khong gidi bing phuong phép dai s6 duge. Co thé gidi bang "phuong phép md mdm". 0, = 2,7 rad = 155°. (tinh tir géc 6,). Cac duong cong iy Uy duce trink bay trén hinh 26a. ig IA dong dién gin doan ‘Tri trung binh cba dién 4p phan ung: a D Us +] f Edo + f v2U,sin(o + 06] x Leama) 0 30,4 1047 coe | 150 =— (1,047 — 0,605) + = = 261,000 Uy = 163,95. . Tri trung binh cia dong dign phan tng: Uy - B_ 168,95 - 150 _ = TA. i R 2 ‘Tri trong binh ca momen dong co: M=CL=7Nm 5BNinn 28 b. Tinh goc md a khi momen tang 50%, 15¢ dd git? nguyén w = 150 rad/s, Lie nay Ty = 15.7 = 10,5 A va E = 150 V. Uy = B+ Rly = 150 + 2.105 = 171 V. Uy > B, dong tai iy sé lien tuc Dién dp ra cia sé dé chinh lwu tiristor cau mét pha: 2v2.U, jy = cosa = 171 V 11x 7 = 0,7914 2v2.240 a = 0,658 rad = 87°7 Biéu thiic ctia dong dién phan ting: ig = 21,44sin(6 — 0,786) + (90,17 + i,(oy.e° 9785 — 75, trong dé (y(o) 1a so kién cda iy trong nia chu ky dang xét Déi voi nita chu ky dBu tién, iio) = 0. Khi # = 7: igit) = 0,58 sé la sd kién d6i véi nita chu ky thit hai, Sau 7 chu ky i, (x) dimg lai 3 tri 1,76 © trang thai xc lap, iy co dang: iy = 21,44sin(@ — 0,786) + 91,93.e° #785 — 75.Dutng cong uy va iy dude trinh bay tren hinh 25b, iy la dong dién lien tue. BAI SO 27 Bo bién déi 1a mét cau tiristor mot pha duge néi vdi phan dng cha dong cd dién mét chiéu kich tir déc lap. Ngudn dién xoay chitu co dién 4p U, = 240 V, tan sé f = 50 Hz, xem hinh 26a. Cac thong s6 cia mach phan ting cla dong co la: L 0,05 H, R = 2 Q; hang sé tir thong C = 1 N.m/A. Virad/s); téc 48 dong co w = 150 radis, B6 bign déi Jam viée d ché do nghich Ivu ham tai sinb. a, Vé dang song dién Ap tai uy va dong dién tai iy khi a = 150°. Tinh momen dong co M = ? b. Xée dinh goc « khi iy 1A dong lién tue va momen dong co la M = 11 Nom. Vé dang sdng uy va iy Bai gidi Ché do nghich htu phy thude con goi 1a ché dd nghich Ivu ham téi sinh. a. Ve uy va iy © ché do nghich Iwu ham tai sinh, ngvéi ta phai dao tinh cye cia E. Khi 6 = @ = 4, (xem hinh 26b) nguai ta mdi T,, T, Lay @, lam géc toa dé, es thé vist phusng trinh mach dién nhu sau: diy < LZ + Rig — B= v8U,sin@ + a). i Nghiem cia phuong trinh ed dang: iy = Lyf sin@ + a — yp) - sinle - pyar eater) +B - eta + orton, (Xem cach gidi phuong trinh trén trong bai sé 24) v2u 2144 trong dé In RE +X R ctgp = = 041274; p = 144 rad. 57E = Cw = 1. 150 = 150 V; a = 2,618 rad Trong nita chu ky dau tién cia dign 4p ngudn i,(o) = 0 ig = 21,44] sin(@ + 1,178) ~ 0,9238 or 012746) + 75(1 - iy = 0 khi # = 8, = 2,061 rad = 11808 < 180° a, 2W2U, nén iy 1A dong gidn doan, vi vay khong thé ding bigu thite Uy = —5—. cosa due Phai xdc dinh tri trang binh cia dién dp tai theo duténg cong uy trén hinh 26b. Hinh 26 58‘Tri trung binh cia dién ap tai (dign ap phan ung): “ oy Us { f Edo + f V2Upsin(io + ado] x eam Balk 200 = f 150d0 + f 339,4sin'9 + 2,618)d0] =- M15V Lo saed é Tri trung binh cia dong dién tai Uy +E _ -141,5 + 150 Ty a = 425 A R 2 Momen dong cd: M = Cy = 4,25 Num. Cac duang cong iy va uy dude trinh bay trén hinh 26b. Dang dién iy la dong gian doan b. Xéc dink goc a khi M = 11 Nm Trong ché a6 dong tai lién tc, 6, = x (tinh tir gic toa do 6,). Tri trong binh cia dign ap tai: le ee % 2v2U Uy =— [- f Eda + fv2Uz5in@ + a6] = cosa x Lapin a % Khi M = 11 Nim, Ty =uA Bay git’ co phwong trinh: Uy =- B+ R= - 150+2. 1 = - 128V 2v2.240 = | cosa = - 128 V x Do dé a = 2,2 rad = 12632. ‘Tri cia dong dién tai khi Yan dau tien kich md T,-Ty: E ig = Tq[sin(® +a -— — sina - pe #2") tae o O2h6r) 1,44).0° 7/785] + ia 21,44 sini + 2,2 - 1,44) — sin(2,2 — 150 ed mg nT) 59iy) = 0,084 A Cac duimg cong 1, va ug duge trinh bay trén hinh 26c BAI SO 28 Ngusi ta cung cap dién ap phan tng cho déng co dién mot chitu cong sudt nhé, kich tir doc Ip, tit ngudn dign xoay chiéu 240 V, 50 Hz, qua thiét bi chinh Iuu tiristor cau mot pha khong d6i xing, xem hinh 27 Cac thong sé ciia phan ing dong co: L = 006 H,R=62 Hang sé tit thong C = 0,9 N.miA (Virad/s), Mach diéu khign he truy8n dong la mach vong kin nhAm duy tri toe 49 khong d6i N = 1000 vg/ph khi momen tai bién dong tit 0 dén 4 Num Hay xsc dinh géc mé a dé théa man diéu kién t6c dO khong Aéi Mink 27 Rai gidi Khi tc do dong co duoc duy tri d 1000 vgiph, stic phan dign dong: Ba Cy = 207210 94.05 v = const 60 ‘Tit cde biéu thie Ug = R M = Cly va ly = 606 nhan xét, mucin tang M thi phai tang Uy te la phai giam Van dung cac cong thiic da ching minh trong bai tap s6 24: Oana B 14062) = Ingsin(e — 9) + [ — Tasinta ~ py] e825 = R ig) + ER ] 6, = tgp. Inf ma Us a [Bt - 99 + vau,a + cosa) v2U, t ds: I, = 17,158 A; B = 94,25 V. » = 1,2626 rong do; Wa 17, " rad wL — 1007.0,06 emp eo Ghi cht: Goce 8, tinh tit géc 0, = a, Géc 6, tinh tit Bbc 0, Up = 240 Vit = 80 Ho: L = 006 H: A= 8 QE = 9425 Vi w = 12626; top = Deg. 140 ” 130 ‘20 10 0 90 “ 24434 2.2689 20944 192 17453 157 cess | car2s | 1087 war | 13062 187 siya — ¢) | 9920 | pan | o7a0 as osea2 | aan ‘expl— Ha/7) og 07575 aves | 06778 ean 06067 ia. A | O86 156 281 418 Ba 702 Og rad on owe | osv7 oraes 99286 er Uv | osse 977 8 wess | ma74 | tener 022 ‘85765 175, 2.02 328 433, os 05169 5 182 292 38 Dé mé duge tiristor, 6, < a 3 at 2 21 Nihic ~ Nabe ay ONihig —Naizn + Niiin — Noian + Nite — Nain] Trong triting hop dang xét: N,=N,=N i, + iy, + ie = 0 (day quan so cp déu kigu Y) in, = 0. Ket qua la 1 in = — —y Gay + tad . 1 2 fiw = ian — (ign + in) = z tay ~ 7 ' 2 1 tte = he = F thy + bd = ine — Shan = Ty = 666A xy 8 BAI SO 32 Cho so dé chinh luu tiristor, ba pha, kiéu tia, co tai thuan cAm, xem hinh 33a. U, = 220 V; f = 50 Hz, L = 1 mH; @ = 2/2. a, Viét biéu thuc cia dong tai iy. b. Ve cde dung cong iy, va iy. c. Tinh tri trung binh I, va 1 Bai gidi a. Biéu thite cba iy Khi T, mé cho dong chay qua, ta cé phuong trinh: 70r in a , V2Usind = wl TO, vei 8 = wt iy = in d6+A Van dung so kign: Khi 6 = @ + 2/6 = a’, thi iy in = 0, tinh duge: v2U, = aE com vay ip) eR (ose? ~ 6088), ob trong do a = A/6 + a = 2n/8. Xem 4 1A goc tat eda dong iy. Khi 6 dang thitc: 2 thi i 0, bay git ta co a UV Minn a3 1Co hai nghiém: A = a? vad = 20 ~ a = On — 2/3 = 4n/3. Via >s' nén lay nghiem 2x — a’ b. Dudng cong biéu dién i;, va iy duce trinh bay trén hinh 33c, d. Thiet bi lam vige trén ranh gidi gitfa dong lien tuc vA dong gidn doan. c. Tri trung binh Ty va Ty © ine el BAI S6 33 Cho so dd chinh Iuu tiristor ba pha, kigu tia, xem hinh 34. Mach tai gom dign tro R n6i tiép vai din cdm L. Cho R = 4, a = 80". Hay tinh xem L phai bang bao nhiéu d€ thiét Winn 34 72bi chinh luu lam viee trén ranh gidi gitta dang lien tue va ding gian doan. Bai gidi Khi tiristo T, mé cho dong chay qua, ta co phutang trinh: ai, I + Riy = V2U;sinwt. de a Dong iy gdm hai thanh phn: thanh phan xée lap vA thanh phan qué er v2U, R @ = trong dé 4 = wt; Z = VR? + (wL)*; tay = Thiet bi lam vige trén ranh gidi gita dong lien tuc va dong gian doan, tue la khi @ = a! = 2/6 + a, T, bat dau din, dong iy = iy, = 0. Khi 6 x’ + 20/3, Ty bi khda lai, ip, 0. Trong trung hop dang xét: a’ = 30" + 80° = 110" A = 110% + 120° = 230°, ‘Thay 6 4 (1) bang a’ va bang J, nhan duge hai ding thie sau: v2.0. : iy sin(@ — p) + A exp ( ~ sin(a’ — 9) + A exp - —) =0, @ tap v2.U; ; a 2 sin - y) + Aexp(- ——) = 0. @) Z ‘er Ti (2) va (8) rut ra: a BU Acxp( — ~~ ) =————+,—__._ fain - ) - sin(a’ - 9)] ter —2a/8 ZA — exp( » tee Thay két qua tren vao vé trai cua (2) s@ nhan duge phuang trinh siéu vigt sau day: 2n/3 sin(230° — y) expt - - tgp sin(110° — 9) (4) 73‘Tu (4) xac dinh (bang cach tinh gin ding) duge p = 66°42 _4:tg(66"42) B14 wL Vi tgp = 2,291 “Fr nén L = 29,18 mH. BAI SO 34 Cho so dé chinh Iuu tiristor ba pha, hinh tia. Nguén dién xoay chidu; tri hiéu dung dién ap pha la U = 150 V, tan sé 1A { = 50 Hz, dien cam va dién trd méi pha Tan Iuot la L, = 12 mH va R = 0,07 2 Gia thiét dién ap roi trén méi tiristor la AU, = 1,5 V va tri teung binh cia dong dién tai la Ty = 30 A Hay ¢inh trj trung binh cia dién ap tai khi cde gde md a 1a 0°, 30°, 60" Bai gigi Dign Ap roi trén tiristor 1a 1,5 V. Dién ap roi trén dién trd ngudn xoay chitu 1A 0,07 . 30 = 2,1 V. Dien ap roi do dién cam ngudn xoay chidu gay nén, theo (IV.31) 1a: BX ty Qn 50. 1,2.10%.30 AU, = _—— = 54V Qn Qn Biéu thie cua dién ap tai 3V6.150 Uy = cose — (1,5 + 21 + 5,4) 2a U'y = 175,43.cose ~ 9 U'y = fla) duge ghi trong bang sau: ° ° 2% ry Uy 18643 14293 787 BAI SO 35 Cho so dé chink Iuu ditu khién 3 pha, hinh tia, tai L + R + E, xem hinh 35. Thay vi mot tiristor, ¢ day ngudi ta dimg mot diot néi tigp voi mot 4transistor. Cac xung diéu khién B,, B,, B; dat vao bada cia transistor tuong ting, c6 do rong A = 2/3 Ngudn dién xoay chidu ba pha d6i xing: U, = 220 V, f = 50 Hz. Mach tai: E = 145 V, L = 100 mH, R = 0,2 2 Va dutng cong bidu di&n uy, iy » ri ‘Tinh tri trung binh cia dign Ap tai Uy r ‘Tinh tri trung binh cia dong dién tai Ty. @. Tinh Gye Kh Uy = U J, heme mane d. Tinh do nhap nho cia dong dign tai Aly Minn 35 Bai gidi a, Céc duang cong Uy iy ing ip; dtge ve tren hinh 36. ». Tri trung binh cia dién ap tai vA cila dong tai: cry 3v2.220 Uy =—— f VBU,sineda = (cost/3 - cos2n/3) = 148,55V Br Gey 2x Jy - 8,55 - 145 y= Us=* o = 17,76 A R 0,2 15° ", | ) D ' . i ny 6 o inh 38 c. Khi 0 = mae thi dién dp chinh hu [én nhét, bang dién dp dau ra cia so dd chinh lun didt ba pha hinh tia av6U, ; Us a1 VAY Berne = 2/3 d. Xée dinh d6 nhaip nhé cha dong dién tai, Dien Ap tAi uy 1a mot chodi xung dién Ap chém sin. Méi xung nay co thé duge thay thé bing mot xung chi nhat co cing dién tich, ky higu 1A Uy, xem hin 37 age 3v2U, = J V2U,cos0d6 = = 207, V x Aye a 16Bay gid cae dién bin cla dién Ap tAi va dong dign tai gidng nhu trong so dd bam dién 4p vi tai L + R + EB © ché do xac lap, dong dien tai dao dong giifa hai bién tri I, va 1, Dé nhap nhé cua dong dién tai: Aly = ‘Theo cong thie (V.14"): (= #eTU, 2h Aly = > trong dé T ta chu ky bam, ¢ 1a ti s6 chu ky, U, 1a dién ap nguon dién mot chiéu. ‘Trong truimg hop dang xét, ta co: 1 - & ( y= 666 ms, (0,5)0,5 . 6,66.10%.297,1 Aly =———_—__— = 247A ‘ 2.01 Co nhiing tai Kiéu dinh nghia & nbap nbd cia dong dién tai la 2A1, = 2.247 = 4,95 A ws yu mT Wink 27 11BAL SO 36 Tim biéu thie téng quat cia trj trang binh dién ap daw ra cia so dd chinh hu tiristor c6 chi s6 dap mach bac p. Bai gidi Ching ta gia thiét dong dién tai 1a dong lién tue. Tren hinh 38 trinh bay dang dién 4p tAi uy cba mot 36 so d3 chink tu Gristor thutng Rap. - Dé6i vai chinh Iv diéu khién mot pha, hai nia chu ky (so dd dung may bién Ap co diém gitta, sa dd cdu mot pha): hinh 38a: + Doi vdi chink hu di@u khién ba pha, hinh tia: hinh 38b + Doi voi chink Iwu diéu khién cau ba pha: binh 38c, d inn 98 78Dien ap tai uy khong phai 1a dung thing, ma gdm nhidu xung dién Ap ke tip mhau. Dien dp tai uy chifa p xung dién ap trong mot chu ky ciia dién ap ngudn. Cac xung dién ap nay déu co dang giéng nhau. ‘Tri trung binh cia dién ap tai, theo dink nghia, duge xée dinh theo cong thie: Sé hang thi hai cia biéu thifc trén IA dién tich ma dutmg cong uy cing vdi true hoanh tao a. Khi chuyén géc toa dd sang diém O? thi u.= v2Ucosd Déi voi hinh 38a, b, ta ed thé viét; J," V2Ucosas op pv2u " x vu, == [sine +) ~ sinter -2_ 9] P P pv2.U x U sin—cose , x P trong do U la tri hi@u dung ofa dién 4p pha. Déi véi so dd chinh tu chu ba pha, dign tich do wy cing véi truc hoanh tao ra lén gap 2 ln dign tich tuang ting trong so dé ba pha hinh tia, xem hinh 380, do do: pv2U x . Uy = 2. —— sin——cosa, véi p = 3 n P Hoac theo so dd hinh 38d, ta co thé viét: pore pvou Uy = — J V6Ucosade = cose, voi p = 6. fea BAI SO 37 Cho so dé chink Ivu cu ba pha khong déi xting, gém ba tiristor va ba didt. Mach tai gdm dién cam L néi tiép vdi dién trd R, xem hinh 39a. U 110 V, f = 50 Hz; R = 1,289 9; L = @ Cong suat phia dong dién mét chiéu 1a Py = 12,85 kW. 79a. Tinh gc mé «. b. Va cae duong cong bidu diém: Uy inp ing iy ¢. Tinh tri trung binh cia dong dién chay trong tiristor la I, vA trong diot 1a 1, 4. Tinh tri higu dung cua dong dién i, Bai gidi a, Dau bai da cho: Py = 13.R = U}/R = 12850 W, do do Uy = PLR = V12850 . 1,289 = 128,7 V. Van dung cong thie (IV.36): WE Ome ° if r ° [a We 4) Winn 28 80(1 + cosa) 2n.Uy 2.814. 128,7 cose =p SO _ ig V6.U; 3V6.110 a = 90". b. Do L = © nén dong chinh Iuu iy dude nén thang, iy = 1,. Méi diot, mé6i tiristor dan dong trong 1/3 chu ky, tae 1A 2n/3. i, = ip) — ips Cae duimg cong biéu dién dong dign duge trinh bay trén hinh 39b. ©. Tri trung binh L, va Tp! Ty = UyR = 128,7/1,289 = 99,84 A als I ] —— 1.48 Iy3 = 33,28 A. Ir Dr Low es al d. Tri higu dung cla dang thi cép may bién ap 1: 1 om _ Bo =—.f 46, 1, = Lv? = 70,6 A xe C6 thé kiém tra lai tri 6 cba Uy. Dién dp chink Ivu uy gdm ba manh trong mot chu ky (dién eich gach soc tren hinh 39b): 3 7H a uy = — J (uy, - )d6 = — ‘6Uzsin(@ — 2/6)d8 = Be ahyatan — Bad = ae f,, WoUzsin® — # 3v6.U aS) = 128,7V. 2x BAI SO 38 Cho so dé tren hinh 40, thiét bj bién déi lam viée 4 ché do nghjch liu phu thugc. Mgch tai lA phBn ting cia mét dong co dién mot chitu, gia # R=0val Cho U, = 2396 V; f = 80 Hz « = 145%; X, 0,05 Qipha. Dien 4p voi trén méi tiristor la AU, = 15 dign tAi duge nn thang ig = Ty = 60 A. = 0,3 Qipha; R. = gia thiét dong ‘Tinh B va gée tring din 81Bai gidi Khi cdc phan ti trong sa 4 duge xem Ia cde phn tit If tudng (R, = 0, L, = 0, AUy = 0) thi tri trung binh cia dign dp trén tai 1a 3vel ‘Trong truding hop dang xét, tri trung binh cia dign 4p trén tai la U'y = Uy — AU, — 2Rly - 200, Ja 3V6.239,6 0,3. 60 cosl45° — ——" "20,05. 60 - 2. 1,5 x = — 459,09 - 17,188 - 6 — 3 = —485,28 V . Khi b6 bién A6i lam viée 4 ché d6 nghich lwu, ta cé E+ Uy R Vi dién tré mach tai la R = 0 nén E = — "4 = 485,28 V. Xe dinh goc tring dfn wu. Xuat phat tit phuong trink chuyén mach (IV.33) 2X14 cosa — cos(u + a) = —T4_ VEU, | 4° - tf x y Hinh 40 82cos(u + a) = M+ a = 15157 w= 87 BAI SO 39 Cho sa do chinh Iu tiristor ctu ba pha, hinh 41a. Tri hiéu dung cia dign ap pha thi cp may bién ap 1a U, = 100 V. Gia thiét dign ap rai trén Bién op cue duang eda tai 0 veh didn tng lbh Uy ? Mink 41 83wéi tiristor a AU, = 1,5 V. a. Tinh tri trung binh cla dién 4p tai khi géc md @ = 75°. b. Vé dang dién 4p trén tiristor T, khi a = 75°. Bai gidi a, Tri trung binh cia dien ép tdi: 3v6 U, cos75° ~ (2 . 1,5) Uy = 57,54 V b. Ve Uy Khi Ty va T, hoae Ty, din dong, ta cd phuong trinh: Ma 7 Uri ~ Mae = 0 Up, = Uy, = V6U,sin(@ — 7/6) Khi T, va T, hoae T, dn dong, ta 6 phuong trinh: Ya, T Uy Yay = 0 Upp = Ugyy = VEU;sin( + 77/6) Dien ap giita anot-catot cua tiristor T, e6 dang trinh bay trén hinh 41c. BAI SO 40 Cho so dé chinh lu tiristor cau ba pha khong déi xing, xem hinh 42a. ‘Tri higu dung ciia dién 4p thit cfp may bign ap la U, = 100 V. Bé qua dién dp roi trén cdc tiristor va didt. a. Vé dang dién ap tai uy khi géc md a = 0°, 30°, 60%, 90°, 120° va 150°. b. Ve dutng cong biéu dién tri trung binh eda dién ép tai theo géc ms a, Uy = fla), Bai gigi 8. Gia thiét dién dp cde pha thi cp may bién ap ba pha'ed dang: a, = V2U,sind uy, = V2U,sin(@ ~ 22/3) u,, = VBU,sin(@ - 47/3) 84% YN 4 / a0 Winn 42 5) 85Bay gis dién ap day thit cp may bién dp sé | Uz, = VEU,sin(G + 7/6) Une = VEU,sin(@ — 2/2) ¥,, = V6U,sin(a@ — 72/6) Tri tic thai cia dién dp tai u, ludn luén bang khodng céch thang ding gitta hai dudng bao, Dé nhan biét duge dé dang, nén ly truc hoanh tain chusin khi vé uy. Sit dung he dien ap day. Cac tiristor duge ky higu Ty, Ty Ts Cae didt duac ky higu D,, D,, D,. Dé cae hinh ve duge ro rang, co sit dung cdc ky higu quy w6c: Thay vi uy. st dung ab Thay vi T,D, dan dong, sit dung 12. Gee mé a duge tinh tix giao diém cée niia hinh sin: 0,, 05, Os. Duong cong biéu dién uy ting voi cde gée md a khdc nhau duge trink bay trén cic hinh 42b. Dé nhan thay rang, xudt phat tite = 0, néu ta dich chuyén cde tryc tung dé chay qua 0), 03, O, vé phfa bén phai khi a tang dan, ta ln lugt nhan duge cdc dutiing cong uy tyong ting. b. Tri trung binh cia dign ap tdi duge tinh theo cong thiic (IV.36) va yA 30° 0° we we «150? BS Minn 43 86duge trinh bay trén hinh 43, 8v6U, Ws = 2 (1 + cosa) = 116,98 (1 + cosa) Le [le 30 60 90 wo | 150 80 vs v | 2333 | awze | sas | ses | seer | sor ° BAI SO 41 Cho so dé chinh hu tiristor cau ba pha va so dd chinh Ivu tiristor cau ba pha khong déi xting (gom ba tiristor va ba diét), xem hinh 44 Gia thiét dong dign tai duge nan thang, iy = Ty BO qua hién tuong tring dan va dien Ap roi trén cac phan ti Tinh hé sé cong sudt dau vao cua méi so dd khi dign 4p dau ra cta ching bang mot nifa dién Ap dau ra cue dai Bai gid . Déi véi so dé chinh liu tiristor cau ba pha déi xting, (xem hinh 44a): 3v6U Ms cosa ” 1 DE_Uy = 5 -Udmag tl cose phi bing 0,5, goe md a = 2/8 Dang dign ngun xoay chitu i, = cha i, bang 21/3. = iqg Cae khoang dung va am ‘Tri higu dung cha dong dien ngudn: Ea z — 5 Bde - Vv gla = 081651, Ugly _ 8VEULyvE 3U1 2n.8U.v21y Déi voi so CO chink uy tiristor chu ba pha khong d6i xing, xem hinh He 86 cong sudt cosp = = 0,477. 44b: 87ne 8B a > oy ’ Minn 44Dang dién ngudn xoay chitu i, = ip, — pg. Cac khodng dung va am eta i, bang 1/2. ‘Tri higu dung cua dong dién ngudn 17 4 I J —— f Rae =—* = 0,7071, xo? v2 ° He s6 cong suat: Ugl, Bv6U1, v2 cosp =—*4 = = 0,551 3Ur 2n.3UT, Cac dueng biéu dién uy ip, ip, i, cba ed hai so dd duce trink bay tren hinh 44. BAI SO 42 Cho so 6 chinh uu tiristor ciu ba pha khong déi xing (gdm ba tiristor vA ba diét, hinh 45a. Ngudn dién xoay chiéu co céc thong s6 sau: Tri higu dung dién ap day 1A 220 V, f = 50 Hz. - Dien khang mdi pha: X, = 0,24 Q GiA thiét dong din tai duge nén thang, Iy = 40 A, va bd qua dién 4p roi trén cdc dién tré va cac phan ti, Hay xdc dinh tri trung binh cia dién ap tai va vé dang cua dién 4p tai, cba dong dién ngudn khi goc ma a = 45° vA I, = 40 A. Bai gidi C6 thé xem sg dd chink luu ba pha khong d6i xing tuong duong vai mét nhom chinh Iuu tiristor ba pha hinh tia, n6i tiép vai mot nhom chinh juu diét ba pha hinh tia, cing phi hgp tao nén din 4p tai Xée dinh géc tring dén Van dung phuong trinh chuyén mach (IV.28) d0i vai so dB tiristor: 2Xly a= +a) = , cosa = costuy 750 trong dé: a= 45",U = 127 V, X,=0,24 2 Ty 5 do dé jp = 4°8 a9di voi so dd didt: thé « = 0 vao phuong trinh chuyén mach (IV.28) tn duce: 2Xy ~ vou 1 = cosuy Do dé wy = 20°2 Dang cia dién ap tai v’y va iia dong dign ngudn i, = ip, - Minh 45 90 iiyg dtoe 1Xéc dinh tri trung bink cia dign dp tdi U", Phan dién ap tai do nhém chinh luu tiristor tao ra: 3v6U 3X, Theo (IV.81’) U'y, = = cas45° ta 8 100,44 V. Phan dien dp tAi do nhom didt tao ra: 3v6U 3X, Un = - Xe _ 143,94 on on Tri trung binh cia dien dp tai: Uy = Uy + Uy = 2444 V. 91BAI SO 43 Cho sa dd chinh Iuu tiristor cdu ba pha, gilfa cée cue cua mach tai ngudi ta néi mot didt hoan nang lgng D,, xem hinh 46a. Gia whist tri higu dung cia dign ap pha thi cap 1a U, = 100 V, bd qua dien ap roi trén tiristor va diot a. Vé va gidi thich dang dién 4p tai ug khi géc mo a = 90°. b. Tinh tri trung binh cia dién dp tai theo géc a, Uy = fla) Bai giii a. Dang dién ap tai uy ‘Tri tue thai cha dign dp tai uy IuOn Tudn bang khodng cach thang ding gitfa hai dung bao: My = Uy — Yar Didt L/ ndi song song nguge vdi mach tai, sé dan dong dién tai ig khi Ug, — By = 0 Khi géc md a = 120° thi wy = 0. Dang dién ap tai uy vA dong dién thit cp may bién 4p i, duge trinh bay trén hinh 46b. b. Tri trung binh cia dién dp tai Smo 6 = Us =s—J v2.100sineds = 116,9(1 + cosa) - 67,5sina 4 = fla) Dr am te [- ].»][*» |«[« [» |» | = [ue [ese | oer [ve [me [mr aon | Duong cong biéu dién U, = f(a) duge trinh bay trén hinh 46c. BAI SO 44 Cho so dB chinh litu tiristor cau ba pha. Ngudn dién xoay chidu co dien ap day U = 415 V, f = 50 Hz, L, = 0,9 mH. Gia thiét dong dién tai duoc ndn thing va bd qua dién dp roi tren cdc tiristor va dien tré nguon 92a. Lap bang tinh tri trung binh cia dién ap tai theo géc mé a, U'y = fia), khi dong dién tai Iy = 60 A. b bang tinh tri trung binh cia dién 4p tai theo dong dién tai 1, U'y = £0), khi goe mé a = 30°. c. Vé dang dién ap tai U'y, dién 4p tiristor U, va dién ap day u,, khi @ = 30° val, = 60 A. Bai gidi a. Dutng cong U’y = fla) Dign ap tai U'y = Uy — aU, 3Vv6U, trong dé =—— . cosa, voi U2 = x BXJy _ 8. 2x . 100. 0, AU, = = x x U'y = 560,45.cosa ~ 16,2 «# | o | » | 2 | 9% | | so | « | 7 | oo | case uy. v | 5442 | sas7 | sos | asos | saar | 34s | 258 | vss | ou | 0 £1) khi a = 30° 485,36 — 0,271 b. Duong cong U'y 50 60 oS vey | aes | swan [oo | ara | ares | are | com ¢. Dang céc dién ap khi a = 30° va Ty = 60 A. Dién dp tdi u'y ‘Trude hét phai xéc dinh gée tring din w ‘Theo (IV.34) va (IV.35) eo thé viét phuong trink: 3v6U) [cosa — cos (u + ai] = AU, = 16,2 93,H = 6°08 Tri tite thoi cia dién 4p tai u’y bing khodng cach thang dimg gitta hai duéng bao tren va duéi truc hoanh, Duéng cong u'y duge trinh bay tren hin 47 tinh 47 Dién dp tiristor Khi T, dan don,Khi T, khong din dong: uy, lién quan dén cdc dién 4p sau, xem bang ava hinh 48a: u, + uy Yay — ty — Yo 9 te Uae Di vai uy, xem bang b va hinh 48b. Dién ap day uy: Usp = Up) Uys) xem hinh 48c. Chit y: Trén cdc hinh vé co sit dung ky higu rit gon, vi du: - thay vi u,, sit dung a. ~ thay vi uy, =u, — up, str dung ab, ~ thay vi (u, + u,)/2, sit dung (a + b)/2 Bang a. bon din [Tring dan Bigu thi uy, = Te [Tse Te zy - aa van Ta Ta 7, + eT, F Te Ts i vee Bang 6 Don én Trang din Bibu thic urs = Ts T+ Te TT LC Te Ty Ty T+ Te Te Te Yee L To Ts UseMinn 48 96BAI SO 45 Cho so dd trén hinh 49, thiét bi bién déi lam viée & ché dé nghich lwo phu thuéc. Mach tai 1A phan tng cua mot dong co dign méot chitu. Cho U, = 220 V; f = 50 Hz; E = 400 V; R= 19; L = wa = 120°. ‘Linh cong sudt hitu ich tra v8 ludi dién xoay chitu, vé cdc duang cong dién dién ap uy va dong dién chay trong tiristor i;, cho hai trutng bi hop: a. Khi bé qua dign cam chuyén mach L, = 0. b. Khi L, = 2 mH. Bai giai a. Truang hop L, = 0, tic Ya khong xét hién tugng tring dan. Bigu thite cla cOng sust hitu (ch: Py = Ugly. Van dung céng thie: 3v6.U, 3V6.220 Ug cosa = ~ x % cos(120") E+ Ug _ 400 ~ 2573 = 142,7 & haa 7 Py ~257,3 . 142,7 = ~36,7 kW. © day, déu *-" mang y nghia tra nang lugng vé ngudn nudi. Cée dusng cong biéu dién uy = tg, — uy; VA ip duge trinh bay tren [P [7% Th L 97hinh 50a, Co thé tinh kiém tra tri trung binh U, thong qua dutimg cong uy, hinh 59a. 2m be ‘Trong mot chu kj, uy gdm 6 manh dudng cong ghép lal ioo ax b) Hink 50 2a oy i " a) 98,Biéu thc giai tich céa doan dudng cong bao dién tich gach soc Ia: = uy, = V6Uzsin(@ + 30) aHI0 J v6.Uzsin(6 + 2/6)d9 = -257,5 V. 2x Sai b. Triwug hop L, = 2 mH, tue 1a oo xét hig tugng trimg din. Van dung cong thite: E+U, ly = a R svéU, 8Xely trong dé Uy = Uy — AU, = ~ cosa — = x x 3X, Iy(R +. = E + Ug = 400 — 257,38 = 142,7 V. = 142,7, Ij =——____ = 89,18 A 1 + 3.0,628)0 Uy = — 257.5 — ( , 0,002 . 314. 89/n = - 310,9 V. Cong sust tac dung tra va Judi dién xoay chiéu: Py = U'yly = — 310,9.89,18 = — 27,67 kW Xe dinh goe tring dén Van dung phuong trink chuyén mach: 2Xela cosa — cos(u + a) = et a VEU, 2. 0,002 . 314 . 89 (e+ a) = cos(120%) — = cose + «) (120°) Veaa0 = - 0,707. w+ a = 185° w = 185° — 120° = 15°. Cae duding cong uy = vy) — Ugy ip duoc trinh bay trén hinh 50b. BAI SO 46 Cho so dd truyén dong dao chitu quay, hinh S1a, g8m dong co dién mot chigu M dude cung cdp dién mot chitu tit bo bién ddi dao dong. 99Hin 51Tri higu dung dign ap pha la U, = 220 V; f = 50 Hz; [y = 1000 A; L = 0% a, = 30% a, = 150°, a. Ve cdc xung dong tuan hobn i.,, chay tu G, sang G, va cdc xung dong tuan hoan i,, chay tit G, sang G, b. Tinh tri cua méi cudn cim L, dé sao cho tri trung binh cla dong bwin hoan chi bang 2% eda Ty Bai gidi Khi cau G, lam vite 3 ché do chink uu thi cau G, lam vige & ché 40 nghjch Iu phy thude va ngvge lai Dang tuan hoan ig;, chay tir nhom tiristor catot chung cia G, vio nhém tiristo anot chung cba G, Dong tun hoan i., chay tit nhom tiriste catot chung cba G, vao nhom tiristor andt chung cla G, Céc dong tuan hoan khéng chay qua mach tai (phan ding dong co) Vi dang thé nén khOng cd dong chay tit T, vao T’, (va T’, vao T,), tit T, vaio T", (va T’, vao T,), tit Ty vao T', (va tir T's vao T,). Dé viét duge biéu thite cia cac ddng tun ho&n cAn xem gidn dd dan dong eta cdc tiristo lién quan, trén hinh 51. a, Biéu thite cita dong tun hoa icy Tren hinh 51b thy ving: trong khong OO, co hai tiristo T, vA mé, dong tun hoan i... chay tit pha ¢ qua T, vao T’, v8 pha a. Do 6 cd thé viét phuong trinh vi phan sau: diet 2Lw Uy = VE.Upsin(6 + 150°) Néu dich chuyén g6c toa dd sang diém O°, ta co: 4 = = 2h Fam VE.U,sin(@ + 150" + 30°) = — v6.U, sind. VEU, v6. Do 46 ig) = 2 sinade + C = 2 cos6 + C : we Van dung so kien: Khi @ = -80° thi i, = 0, do dé: vou, vB QwL, 2 101Cuéi cing nhan duge biéu thie: v6U, v3 ja = Cang véi cach lap Ivan nhy trén sé nhan duge két qué sau: ‘Prong mét chu ky cia diém 4p ngudn xoay chiéu, ed ba xung dong icy, xung dong iy Va jg) dan xen nhaw, hinh 51 b, va ba xung dong ig, C 0. Tri 86 ctia dién cém L,. Tri trung binh cia dong tu’n hoan: ‘ 2 VU oy _Y oO ke Dole Dé cho I) = 2%ly = 20 A, can phai cd: 3v6.220 L, = ( 4n314 . 20 19 mH. 102PHAN IT BAM DIEN AP MOT CHIEU (CHOPPER) BAI SO 47 Cho su dd trén hinh 52, thiét bj bam dién dp mt chigu duge ky hiéu bang chit H. Mach tai gdm dien cm L noi ti¢p voi dign tré R va sad E, Didt hoan nang Ivgng D, duge du song song nguge voi mach tai. Cho U = 750 V; L = 5 mH; E = 600 V; R = 0,1 9, ti s6 chu ky ¢ = 0,866; tan sé bam f = 200 Hz a. Tinh tri trung binh dong dign ¢——~“—___+ —_ tai I, cia dong didt Ip, DQ nhap nho uv & cla dong tai Al.. L b. Do su 6 nén dign ap ngudn 4) +h mot chiéu tro thanh U’ = 675 V, phai = chinh cho a® bang bao nhiéu dé vin {le git duge tri trung binh cia dién 4p | dat trén mach tai 1a U, nhw cd. Néu van gidt nguyén khodng thai gian dong cia thiét bi H la T, nh ca thi tan sé bam f” phai bang bao nhiéu? Minn 52 Bai xidi a. Tink cae tri trung binh Van dung cac eéng thite (V.13, 14, 19) + tri trung binh ca dong tai: U-E _ 0,866 . 750 - 600 R Or = 495 A 103- tri trung binh cia dong dist: dy = (1 - Ol, = (1 ~ 0,866)495 = 66,33 A + do nhap nho eta dong tai rL = UT 0,866.11 ~ 0,866).750 A, 2L 2. 0,005 . 200 b. Ti 86 chu Ry Vi c'U’ = eU = U, = 750 V nen Tan sé bam MT, = rT eT = eit nent = BAI SO 48 Cho so dé trén hinh 53a. Thiét bi bam dién ap mot chiéu duce ky hiéu bang chit H, mach tai gdm dién cdm L néi tiép vdi dien trd R va s.d.d EL Didt hoan nang lugng D, d&u song song ngugc véi mach tai Cho U = 500 V, L = 10 mH, E = 300 V, R = 0,12 Chu ky bam dien ap la T = 4 ms, ty 86 chu ky © = 0,63. a. Tink céc tri trung binh U, va I, b. Tinh cae tri bien cia i, la I, va I, bang cong thite gian luge. ¢. Tinh I, va I, bang cong thite chinh xéc. # 4 u e we a) Winn 63 104Bai gidi a. Tri trung bink Uva I. Van dung cae cong thife (V.1,13) = eU = 0,63.500 = 316 V. (WU, — BYR = (315 — 3009/01 = 150 A b. Tinh 1, vx 1, bang céng thite gidn luge I Van dung cac cong thife: aI, = (= eeU.T2L = 0,63 . 0,37 . 500 . 0,004/(2.10.104) = 23,31 A. J, =I, + AT, = 150 + 23,31 = 173,31 A 1, = 1, — al, = 150 ~ 23,81 = 126,69 A. c. Tinh I, va I, bang cong thic chinh xée. Do thi biéu dién dign ap tai u, va dong tai i, d ché dO xéc lap dude trinh bay trén hinh 53b. T, la khoang thai gian H 4 trang thai dong, T, thai gian H trang thai ma, T, = (1 — eT), eT; con T, 1a khodng + Khi H dong, ta cé phuong trinh: dig LH + Ri dt va nghiém la i, = rong dé 1 = LR = 0,01/0,1 = 0,1 Van dung so kién: khi t = 0 thi i, = 1; A= 1, - U - EVR, Vay khi H dong, ta co biéu thic cla dong dién tai: uU-=E U-E 4 ke + [bh - = Je" 2000 + (1 - 2000)e" a + Khi H mé, mach tai bj ct khdi nguon nudi, dong i, chdy qua didt iyy- Bay gi ta e6 phuong trinh: 105va nghiém la -E ip =< + Bethe oR Van dung so kién cia giai doan nay: khi t B= 1, + BR = 1, + 3000. Vay khi H mé, ta co biéu thiic cua dong dién tai ig = i, = —3000 + (1, + 3000).e%%! ©, () Qua hinh 53b thay ring: khit = eT thi i, = 1, do do tit (1) va (2) rit ra I, = 2000 + (1, ~ 2000)e%°T 1, = —3000 + (1, + 3000)61% ~ OT eT thi I, vA khi t = T thi ip Giai hai phuong trinh trén, duge: 1, = 173,37 A va I, = 126,77 A. Nhu vay, sir dung céng thie gian luge dé tinh toan 1, duge két qua kha chinh xdc va dd t6n thdi gian. I, cong nhan BAI SO 49 Cho so dd thiét bi bam dién 4p trén hinh 54. Dién 4p ngudn dign mot chiéu la U co thé bign dong tit U,,, = 170 V dén Unuy = 220 V. Dong dién tai 1A I co thé bién dong tit I,,, = 10 A dén Ing, = 50 A Mach tai gom dién tré R va dién cam L (xem L = ). Thai gian khoa cha Ty 3A tay, = 50 8 Thai gian dong, md cia T, 1 T, = T, = 10 ms. Tri eye dai cia dong dién cho phép cia Ty TA Lppmay = 80 A a. Tinh tri sé cha ede phan ti chuyén mach: C, L, b. Tinh tri trung binh ciia céc dng dién inp ings ine ipe ‘Bai gidi a. Tiristor T,, dige khéa bing phuong phép “dién ap nguse Van dung céng thie (V.26) tinh dién dung cia tu dién C néu khong xét h@ sO an toan: 106It U Dé dam bao khda ch4c chAn T, trong diéu kign lam vige nang n® nhat, ta ly I = Ing, = 5A, vA lly U = U,,, = 170 V. Bay gid: 50 . 50.10% c= PN 2 47 uF. 170 Khi tiristor T, mé, tue l& khi H dong mach, dong dign chay qua no anh phan: dong dign tai va dong dign do tu dién C phong theo c-T,- 1b, -D, 1, Do dé Usscmnoe = -¢ Imax + Toemae Iypmae ~ Tmax = 80 - 50 = 90 A b, Bigu thite cla ing Minh 84 Khi T,, ma, C phong dién qua T, - L, - D,, néu bo qua din trd trong mach ta co phuong trinh: ding. ret ug = 0 at hoae: Zu, oe, A 0. ay ae ch, Dat w2 = ean viét (1) duéi dang todn tt Laplace: PU lp) - pu,(o) + w2.U(p) = 0 107P Up) = a0) P+ ow, 3 lt) = u,(0).cosw,t = — Uj, coswgt (u(o) nguge dau véi u,, vi dé L, co tri lén cin thiét, ly u(0) = Uy) = Cui, Uppy Sin, TpemarSinwgt. Nhu da xet 4 tran, I = 30 A, va C = 14,7 uF, vay tinh duge L,. De max U, 220 = C(—™ y = 14,710( "92 = 0,79 mH : Thema y 30 y 1 1 9280 Oo “VE, Vis.710°0,79.105 ~ “ Teme = 14,7.10.9280 , 220 = 30 A. b. Tri trung binh cba cde dong dign: Chu ky bam dién ap la T = T, + T, = 20 ms Chu ky dao dong cita dang ip, la T, = 2rlw,, = 0,676 ms. Cac dudng biéu dién céc dong dign duge trinh bay trén hinh 55. r 1 Py tat = 2 t /° == sinw,t.dt = cosw, = De =a J Temarsinwy! Te, tT 30.10%.2 -- = 0,823 A 20 . 9280 1 50 Tyy = S Tmt + Ine = “+ 0,828 = 25,328 A. To 2 50 50.10° = 0,05 A. 20.103 50(10.109 — 2.50.10% ) at = ———___—_ = 24,75 A. 20.10 Ghi chu: Dé don gidn trong tinh toan, & day lay thai gian din dong oda T, bang Qty VAT = Trang Ie = 108ud ° —;, — +; —4 7 r bal 2h ° t {06 Hin 38 BAI SO 50 So do bam dién dp cing dd thi dién bién cla dong dien i, dién 4p u, cho trén hinh 56. Cho U, = 200 V; L, = 20 WH; L, = 10 uH; L, = 50 wH, C = 50 uF; R, = 0,05 2; L = @ ; Ty = 100 A a. Tinh thai gian cin thiét dé dong ip, gidm xuéng dén tri zero. b. Tinh thai gian danh cho tiristor T, khdi phuc tinh ditu khién. Bai gidi a, Thdi gian cin thiét dé dong in, gidm dén tri zero Gia thiét tiristor T, dang din dang, iz, = 1y (vi dign cam miach tai la L = @ nén dong dign tai duge nd thAng, iy = I,). Lay thoi dim cap xung ditu khien mé tiristor T, lam g6c thdi gian dé tinh todn (lay t, trén hink 109Winn ve lam géc thai gian) ty — ty = t, 1a thai gian cin thiét dé i, gidm dén tri zero Van dung cac cong thite (V.32) va (V.33): i, = Cw,U,y)-sinw,t Khi t 110Cw Uoy Sinwgty = Ty Iy ty =— . arcsin( =r @, Cw Ue trong do ee ‘rong do: wh = iB 3 or, Theo (V.29): U,,, = U_,pe R, 1 a trong dé: as = 103, w= - Bae L, 4 Theo (V.40): U, trong do 1 rong dé w2 = ———__ cay + L,) Bay gid thay s6 ligu vao cac biéu thie trén: Foun io" 0,66.10°, 25820 rad, Real cond OF NIO a 1 Ws = rad/s 100.10° = 200 + = 277,46 V. 50 . 25820 a 0.08 10° P = 0,4.10°, 20.000 radi 50 50 469 Oe mew waa! Vga, = 277,46.0°7 10 2 956.5 V , __ 10° 10° ; 2 = = 2.10, w, = 44721,36 rad/s 5010 ° 1 . 100.10° t= are.sin 44721,36 80 . 44721,96 . 256.5 t, 22,36 10*.arc.sin(0,17435) = 3,914s 6. Thai gion danh cho 7, khdi phuc lai tinh digu khién Th gian tiristor T, chiu dién 4p Am, ky hiéu la t, cing 1 thai gian danh cho T,, khéi phuc tinh digu khién eda no, duge xAc dinh theo biéu thite (V.37): aly trong do Ug -C08W,ty = 252,6 V 50.10%.252,6 Do dé t, =" = 126,3 uss. 100 BAI SO 51 Mot xe du lich 4 ché ngdi chay bang dién. Xe str dung hé thong truyén dong H — D (thiét bi bam dign dp va dong co dign mot chidu kich tit doc 1gp). Nguon dién nudi dong co 1A mét bd Accqui 150 V. Dai héi xe phai chay duge dung d6e 10% vai téc dé 50 km/h Cho biet: Kh6i lugng cla xe khi day tai JA m = 1500 kg. He 56 ma sat gidta bénh xe va mat dudng C, = 0,015. Lye ma sat noi F, = 20% téng cae Ive cdn Higu suat cia dong ca dign y = 85% Luc cin khong khi ti 1@ thuan véi binh phuong cla téc 46; he s6 ti 0,56 N.m?.s? Nang lugng cla b6 accqui W, = 35 kWh. le C, a, Xae dinh cng suat dong co dién P,, b. Tinh téc dd tdi da cia xe khi chay trén duimg bang Ving. c. Tinh quang dvong xe chay duge trén dung bing L néu: = Chay véi téc dO tdi da Vinge = Chay vdi t6e dd 80 km/h. Bai gidi Gian dd luc tae dong nhu 8 hinh 57, a. Xéc dinh cong suét dong co dien Lute do trong Ive cita xe: F, = mgsina Lute ma sat gitta ede bénh xe va mat dutng: Fy = Cpmg.cosa 112. Late can eta khong khi: F, = ON? Ife ma xat ndi: F, = 0,2 (F, + Fy + BY ‘Téng Ive can phai khéc phuc Fo=Pl + + 4 F, F, = 12.m.gcosa[tga + c,.v2 m.g.cosa +O + © the do 50 kmh va tga = 01 |, = 2156 N Mian 57 Cong suat dinh mic trén truc dong ca: 50.10? 3600 Cong suat dinh mite dong co tiéu thu: P, 29,95 Poy = = = 85,23 kW. 7 0,85 b. Khi xe chay tren duong bang: « F, = Cymg = 220,725 N PF, = CVA = 0,56V24 F, = 0,2 F, + Fy) = 44,145 + 0,112V2,, =F, + Fy + F, = 265,45 + 0,672V2 = FN = 2156 29,95 kW. 0; F, = 0 Tit quan he P, = F,V, khi V = V,,,, ta 6: 265,45Viny + 0.672Vi,. = 29950 Hoe Vig + 395Viny = 4456845 Vaux = 114,300 km/h. ©. Quang duong xe chay duge vdi téc d6 toi da Vinny? Cong suat dong co tifu thu P,,, = 95,23 kW 11314 Thdi gian xe chay: 35 t —— = 0,993 h Pep 35,238 Quang duong xe chay due: L = Viagct = 113,500 km. ©’. Quang dutng xe chay duoc vdi tbc dd 80 kmigia, » Cong suat cdn thiét tren truc dong co: Pp 80.000 FV = [265,45 + 0,672 (roses yj = 13,273 kW 3600 / J’ 3600 Cong suat dong ca tiéu thu: P 13,278 P. = 15,615 kW 1 0,85 Thoi gian xe chay: Ww, 85 bh SL gag hh PB. 15,615 Quang dung xe chay dutge: L = Vt = 80. 2,24 = 179,3 km.PHAN IV DIEU CHINH DIEN AP XOAY CHIEU (GRADATEUR) BAI SO 52 Trén so dd diéu chinh dién ap xoay chitu mot pha, tdi R thuan tré, hinh 58, thay vi hai tiristor dau song song nguac, 6 d4y ngvéi ta dung mét triac. Cho u v2Usinwt, U a, Vé dutng cong biéu dién dién dp tai u, khi géc md a = 60° dién 220 V, f = 50 Hz, R= 319 b. Tim biéu thie tri higuedung cia di flay om &p tdi theo gée mé @, U, = ce. Xae dimh goe @ khi 2 d. Tim biéu thie toan hoc eta dutsng cong dién 4p tai vy Bai gidi a, Dang dién ap tai u, dude ve tren hinh 59. b. Biéu thite tri hieu dung eda dién ap tai Theo dinh nghia vé cri hiéu dung ta co thé viet: Minn se ie J (u)a6 ‘Trong teuding hgp dang xét ta cd 115wt inn 58 fir. 2 6 = /— s(v2Usiney?.460 = U. fz (—- ns x 2 2a — 2a + sin2a uy ui Be = Be + sind ; a Qa ¢. Xae dinh a khi U, = U2 ‘The U, = quan hé sau: U/2 vao biéu thife (1), qua vai phép bién déi ta nhan duoc Qe ~ sinda = 2/2, @) Day la mot phuong trinh siéu viet, khong gidi bang phuong phap dai 86 dude. Co thé gidi bang phuong phap "md mim”: a = 1,987 rad = 113°84; hoae bang phyong phdp dd thi. U, Dat —! = Uy la tri tong d6i cle diem ap tai Van dung (1) lap bang s6 ligu sau day rdi vé duémg cong Uy (a) trén hinh 60. . LL | ae Lae [oe [ee [> 1 oes | oss | oar | o707 | o4s2 | 0169 ° Nh& dung cong U; (a) eo thé xée dinh gin ding duge géc « u, Khi Uy aa = 0,5 thi @ = 1,955 rad hoac 112° dien: 116% 3 I Hoan a0 d. Biéu thie toan hoc cia dién Ap tai. Dién ap ti u, 1a mot song binh sin gidn doan, e¢ chu ky 2L = 2n. Bigu thie toan hoc ca né cd dang: Ao x6 2n6 nxé 9) =" + aces’ + aco Font agces SO tn + 6 2x8 x6 b,.sin—— + b,sin—— + ... + bysin —— + .., L L la mét chuéi Fourier; a, va b, 1A cdc hé 6: Ly £10).c08 ap 0, 1,2, 3, = cos — 06, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, aie L 7x J £().sin Loi eo x6 a8, n= 1, 2 3, L Quan sat duémg cong u,(6) ta es hai nhan xét sau Trong mot chu ky, u,(6) cing véi truc hoanh tao ra hai manh dién tich, manh dién tich trong nua chu ky duang bing manh dién tich trong mia cho ky am, do dé a, = 0. {10 + x) = — £16), do do khong c0 song diéu hoa bac chan. Nhung cong thee cain st dung khi xac dinh cac hé s6 Fourier: 1 Ssinx.cosxdx = > sin’x Jfin’xdx Jsinx.cosmxdx =—3——, (cosmxcosx + msinmx.sinx) sin(l - m)x — sin(1 + m)x 211 = m) 20 + m) fsinx. sinmxdx 1 sinc.sing = — [eos(a ~ B) ~ cost + A] cosa.cosp <5 {cosa - p) + costa + A)] Khi n = 1, ta 06 tot me . vu, ay = {J V2Usin#.cosidd + J ¥2Usind.coss.d6| = — sin?a. sof ae vau 1 vaul s sin26d0 + J sin?oaa] a [7 mH 45 sinda] Khi n = 3, ta co: v2U, 7 on 5 a, = — [ Jf sin6.cos34.d6 + f sinf.cos39d0 v2U 1 — costa _ costa an 2 4 118v2u, 7 cl by = — [ J sind.singeds + J sind sin36.46 x la te v2u 1 . loo [ - 7: sinte += sing 7" 2 4 Néu ding 4 n = 8 ta cd thé viet U, = ay.coswt + a,cosdut + bysinwt + b,sindwt. BAI SO 53 Ngudi ta dig ba triae 4m bo ditu chinh dien ap xoay chi’u ba pha dé digu khiém mét tAi ba pha thuan trd. Gia thiét téng cong sudt 1A 15 kW. Cho biét tri higu dung cla dién ap day cla ngudn dién xoay chidu la 415 V. Hay xdc dink a. Tri higu dung cia dong dién chay trong méi triac, b. Tri higu dung cia dong didn chay trong méi tiristor néu thay méi triac bang mét cap tiristor ddu song song ngvoc. Bai gidi a. Tri higu dung cia dong din day cling 1a tri higu dung cua dong dign chay trong méi triac duge tinh theo cong thie: ‘Ting cong sudt = V3UI 15000 1 = ——— = 20874 V8.415 b. Tri hiéu dung cla dong chay trong mii tiristor, ‘Tri higu dung cia dong dién mot pha tai duge xe dinh theo dinh nghia: 1 7 V2U; U, [2x = 2a + sinda +f —ft . singe =— ————— xa R R Qn Méi tiristor chi d&n dong trong nita chu kj nén tri higu dung cia dong dién chay trong m6i tiristor duge xac dinh theo dinh nghia: 1 * Vau, . i y= f/—se sinoytag = dni v2 ‘Trong truang hop dang xét: 119:= 14,75 A BAI SO 54 ‘Thiet bi diéu chinh dién dp xoay chi8u mot pha, hinh 61, lam viée véi tai thuan cém, Cho tri higu dung cia dign ap ngudn U = 220 V; f = 50 Hz; L = 1 mH; a = 60", 90%, 120°. va dign a. Vé cae dung cong biéu dién dién ap tai u,, dong dien tai Ap tr&n tiristor uy b. Tinh tri trung blnh va tri hiéu dung cia dong dién tai va cia dong tiristor Bai gid a, Bidu tute gidi tich ca dang dién tdi doi vdi goe md a néi chung. Khi T, md, ta co phucng trinh vi phan: di, = 5 L— = V2Usinwt = v2.U sind dt vu va nghiém 1a J sind.d0 + C vu i, = — eos + €. Biét rang khi 6 v2U a thi i, = 0. Vay hang s6 tich phan: cose vou ig = (cosa ~ cosh) Va gée tat cia dong dign tAi i, lA A = cos(2n - a), vi khi 6 = A thi cosk = cosa, i, = 0 Cac dutng biéu dién uy, i, (duong nét lign) va uy (duong nét ditt) dude trinh bay tren hinh 61, ting véi cde gsc a da cho. ’. Tinh tri trung binh va tri hiéu dung ctia cée dong dién. 120Winn 61 121- Khia = 60°, Tri trung binh cia dong dién tai cang 1a trj trang binh cia dong tiristor 1 27-2 y2U wk (cosa — cos6).d6 (or — a@).cose + sina] awl 2.220 = —————_._ [2,09 . 0,5 + 0,866] = 603 A. 0,314 . 3,14 ‘Tri higu dung cia dong dién tai cng 1a tri higu dung cia dong tiristor I , a au CG 088)}?.d@ = JAS C ccosa = dre “ol oo v2220 [1 = Tor [ur - a)(1 + 2cos*a) + Ssina.cosz] = 833 A. - Khi a = 90". Truong hop nay, tri treng binh cia dong dign tai bang 0. Tri higu dung cta dang tai U 220 Ts = = 200A oL 0,314 ‘Trj trung binh cua dong chay trong tiristor: ae v21 _ ¥2.700 Inn = = f V2Ising.de == = 315A Bh x 314 Tri higu dung cba dong chay trong tiristor I 127) 1 495 4 TOE VE - Khi a = 120°, Trutng hop nay, tri trung binh cba dong tai bang khong. Tri trung binh cia dong tiristor: r 1 tre vu tm oe dab vau . = —— ln - @)cosa + sina} rw) (cosa + cos6)de v2.20 14. 0,814 x Qa Qn cos + sin—— ] = 108 A. 3°38 3 122Tri higu dung cia dong tal: 1-4 y2U 1 ae f [cosa — cos6)}?.48 xa ob vau [1 a a J [x - a@)(1 + 2cos*a) + dsine.cosa} v2.220 fa i ae 13,046.16 ~ 1,3] = 290 A. Tri hiéu dung cla dong tiristor: 290 v2 = 205 A. BAI SO 55 ‘Thiet bi diéu chinh dién 4p xoay chiéu mét pha, lam viéc véi mach tai gdm dién cam L néi ti€p véi dién tré R, xem hinh 62. Cho tri hiéu dung cha dién ap ngudn la U = 110 V; f = 50 Hz; R 4; L = 9,55 mH; « = 90". a. Vé dudng cong bidu dién dong dién tai i, va dién ap tai u, b. Tinh tri hi¢u dung cia dién ap tai. ¢. Tinh cong sudt trén tai Bai giai a. Khi tirister T, md, ta es phuong trinh vi phan sau: di, = LO! + Rig = v2Usinwt dt va ngbiém 1a v2u i, = {sin — y) — sinla — pe“ ~ “nerd VRE , , x wL ron, = wt, X = ee a! = 0,75, trong do o it, X Ly tap = 5 do do y = 36°87 va cosp = 0,8. 123a) u 4) o 4 aan nn 02 Géc tat cha dong tai 1a 4 duge xdc dink bing cach thé @ = A va dat i, 0. Bay gid cd quan hé; sind ~ y) = sinfa ~ g).e@ ~ “ley, Quan hé nay due biéu dién bang toan dd trinh bay trén hinh 63 Z 4, 2m 4 270" 260 20 180 50 30 120 150 180° Wink a3 124Trong trudng hop bai toan dang xét, véi cosp = 0,8 va goc a = 90° thi géc tat dong la 4 = 214925, Dutng cong biéu dién dong tai i, duae trinh bay trén hinh 62. b. Tri higu dung cia dién Ap tai fre a= sin2a = J (V2U.sine)?.a0 = U = na * Ba QI1s — 90) x sind26° * 180 2.314 = 110) = 110,V0,538 = 80,7 V c. Tinh cong suat. Néu chuyén géc toa d6 sang 0’ (cach géc O mat géc « =3 ) ta ed: = VU sin(@ + a) = V2U.cos) = U,,cosd Y2U fein + a 9) — snl ~ pean] woe v) - sina ~ ¥ = I,cosp’.sin® +I,,sing’.cosé — I,,siny'.e%? vA A’ =A = a = 214925 — 90" 124925 = 2,1674 rad. 1? Ps —fwi'ao X , J Ajsin6.cos8d@ — f A,e%*.cosé.dé), a U Ajeastodg + © wong dé -U,, = ¥2U = v2.110 = 155,56 V 1 LS 1588 gua a we OVRE SE XT go= a — p = 90° ~ 36487 = 53°13 sing’ = 0,8; cosy’ = 0,6 1 1 enemas tay 0,75 A, = Unlgsing’ = 3872 A, = Ujl,cosp’ = 2904 Ay = Unt sing’ = 3872 1 P =-— [8296,23 + 993,66 — 1980,4) = 735,5 W. 125BAI SO 56 ‘Thiet bi diéu chinh dién ap xoay chiéu mét pha iAm viée véi tai gbm dién cam L r6i tiép voi site dién dong e,, xem hinh 64. Tan s6 cia e, bang tin s6 cla dign ap ngudn xoay chiéu u, va e,, cham sau u mdt gc B = 30° Cho U = 190 V, BE, = 76 V, L = 10 mH, @ = 90" a, Ve cae dung cong biéu dién dong tai , ip va dién dp tai u,. b. Tinh tri hiéu dung cia dong tai I, va tr} trung binh cila ding tiristor Bai gid Dé thi vécto, hinh 64b, cho phép xée dinh tri hiéu dung cia dién 4p tren dién cAm la U, va gée p (gde cham sau cua i, déi voi u) U,, = VU2 + BR — 2UE,coss = vi90? + 76? - 2. 190 . 76 . 0,866 = 129,86 V. Bs sins 1% 1 Uy (129,86° 2 2926 Vay y = 17 vag = 90" = 17" = 73° a. Biéu thie gidi tich cua dong tai, i, Khi T, mé ta co phugng trinh vi phan sau: di ai a 1 = ob = wy, = VEU; sino + y) dt de v2, va nghiém 1A i, © gin(o + y).do + C v2u, =- ‘cos(@ + y) + C wL Bist rang, khi 6 = o thi i, = 0. Vay: VEU, cos(a + 7) Cudi cing ta e6: v2u, \ feosla + y) - cosl8 +»), ay 126Gee tét ciia dong i, 1a A duge xée dink bing cdch thé 0 = 2 va cho i, = 0. Bay gi ta co quan hé sau: cosh + y) = cos(a + y) hoe = A ty Qn - (a + y) d= Qn - a ~ 27 = 360" - 90% - 34" = 236". Tri trung binh cta dong tiristor: L Lg wy a6 Tel ae Nears [eoste + y) = cosa + vy v2u, 0,202. 228-9, vos 4414 e = 0,2923.( "yz — sino" aot | 0 Te sans = 9,3132 (-0,7444 + 1,9122) = 10,87 A. ha Loa ty 4 { r q “ u 4 u 6 & k ! Pp o— ~ a a) b) Minn 04 Biéu thitc (1) chi dung trong khoing 90" < @ < 1 = 236", Cho 6 bién thién trong khoang 90° + 236° ta nhin duoc tri s6 cia i,, ghi trong bang 127duéi day: Duong cong biéu dién i, duge trinh bay trén hinh 64c b. Tinh tri higu dung I, va tri trung binh I: PO [eostia 49) Feo + 9) — 2cosla + y).cos6 + Y| v2U, 1 a 7 » Jeos*(x + y) f dd + f cos + y).d(e + y) 7 = Zeosle + y) f cos8 + ya + »| ' trong ds eo =a + y = 90 + 17 = 107 = 1,8665 rad. Vos A + y = 236° + 17% = 259" = 44194 rad. v2.U; aT (236 — 90) @ singg’ 44134 - [0,0865. m+ (+) + wL ae 180 2 4 |i,a00s anne + 0,5847.sin0”| suns = 1089.(0,2177 + 1,5534 ~ 1,118) I, = 26,67 A. BAI SO 57 Thi ju chinh dién dp xoay chi8u mot pha lam viée véi ngudn dién vu = V2.220sinwt va voi mach tai gdm dién trd R = 2 néi tiép voi sic phan dién dong e, = V2.132.sin(wt + 30°), (cing tan sé nhung vugt trude ua mot gée = 30") 128Cho goc mé tiristor a = 90", xem hinh 65a, a, Vé cdc dwting cong biéu dién di¢n 4p tai u, va dong tai i, b. Tinh tri hiéu dung cia ding tai 1, va tri trung binh cia dng tiristo, I, ¢. Tinh tr} ce dai cila dién ap nguoc dat trén tiristor U,., Bai gidi Trude hét, ta vé dd thi véeto din Ap ngudn u va sic phan dién dong xem hinh 65b - Tri hieu dung cua din dp tren dién tré tai JA Ug duge xdc dinh thong qua do thi vécta U, = VU +EE —2UB,cosp = ¥2207+132? - 2 . 220 . 132 . 0,866 =124,6 V. - Xae dinh géc y Thong qua dd thi vécto, co thé viét cde quan hé sau: e, AB = E,sinB; AB = Using. Vay: 132 sinp = “— = 0,53, 124,6 | 2 do ds a, Vé u.. Khi i, # 0 thi u, = u; Khi i, Thong qua hinh 65b, nhan thay: trong khoang O, < @ < Ox T, bi khéa vi dign thé catot ¢, lon hon 0 dign thé anot u va T, chua mé vi chua ed xung digu khién. Do dé i, va u, =e, - trong khodng O, < @ < O,: T, bi khéa ma T, chia mé nen i, va u, = e, Duong cong biéu dién dién dp tai u, duge vé bing dudng net lien tren hinh 65b Biéu thiie gidi tich cua dign ap ug. ug = Ri, = vV2Upsinwt - ¢), trong dé Uy = 124,6 V va y = 82°. Dong tai i, trimg pho ¥di uy Tysin(wt ~ 32%) = 8Bsin(wt — 92! 129nhung trong céc khong 0,0, va 0,0, thi i, = 0. Dudng cong i, duge trinh bay trén hinh 65¢ ; ¢ Df aA, o—| a ? RA L “ t el 9 2 E\éle o) @ Hinn 65 130b. Tinh 1, 1, Néu chuyén g6e toa do song 0’ cach O bang géc p = 32° thi I,,sinet va gée @ trd thanh a’ = a — p = 90" ~ 32° = 58° fis Yo —@ sinda Bay gia t = V — § G,,sind)'de = I, ¢ 42nd ae 4 = soft a- a 1k ae Tay ty = {Tsing ae =—2 (eosnt ~ eos) = = (058 + 1) = 24 A ¢. Tinb U,,, Tiristor T,, T; chi chiu dign ap ngugc trong cde khoang 0,0, tuong ung’ Ur = Viens = V3.124,6sina’ = 149,43 V. BAI SO 58 Cho so do diéu cinh dién ap xoay chigu ba pha, gdm ba cap tiristor du , xem hinh 66a. Tai thuén trd. a. Vé dang dién ap tai pha a lA u,. song song ng b. Xde dink biéw thie cia cong sust tai ba pha. c. Ve dung cong biéu dién cong sudt tai ba pha bien thién theo géc mé a, P = fle! cho trutng hop tri higu dung cia dién pha ngvan 1a U 220 V va R = 102 Winn soe 131ttt dtd 2 5s 6) 2 ga tt fungdetnts TAL t t ttt 5 4 p45 6 Soe or 2 3 4 5 a Khodng dém “as cui tung Hirstor ae. 45 55 * 1 Kung dei thiéin y soe or 4 2 Cai. tristor 12 big thd; das din 36 a6 ef F ag oe as af 4s 3 36 * Minh aad, ¢, 4, 6 132‘Bai gidi Nguyén tac v8 dign ap mot pha thi, wi du ve uy. 1. Cée tiristor duge ditu khién theo thé ty 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2. Khi edp tin hiéu digu khién mé tiristor T, thi ddng thai cAp tin hiéu ditu khién mé tiristor T,., 3. Goe ma a duge tinh tit giao diém gitta true hoanh va dién ap pha ngudn lién quan véi tiristor dang xét. 4, Khi ba tiristor 6 ba pha cing mé cho dong dién chay qua thi dien ap pha tai bang dién dp pha tuong tng cia ngudp, Uy = u, 5. Khi chi co hai tiristor & hai pha mé cho dong di¢n chay qua thi dien ap pha tai dang xét bang nila dién 4p gitfa hai pha lién quan, u,, BPav hose we GiA thiet dign ap ngudn 3 pha déi xing: u, + a, +o, = 0. v2Usinot = v2Usin(wt — 21/3) u, = V2Usin(wt — 42/3) = uy, = V6Usinwt + 2/6) 1. = VEUsin(ut — 1/6) 1 1 Trude hét vé ede dUIMg cong: Uy) Uy Yor — Yatw ed a,. Xét trong hop a = 45%, xem hinh 66d Gia thiét T, va T, dang din dong, dong dién chay trong T, va T, la in = br = hi = 7 7 Udy qa Dong dién i,, xudt hién tit khi mdi T, va tn tai, ve nguyen tdc, chimg nao u,, > 0. ining khi T, va T, dang din dng, néu ta mdi T,, dou, > u, s® xudt hién thém do mot dong dign nita 18 i,, chay tit pha b qua T,, qua tai va T, ve ngudn pha a: 133L isn = yy (Un — 2) Luc nay dong dién chay trong T, la: . 1 3u, in =a - iy = Gy ee t= BP Tiristor T, sé khoa Jai khi iy, = 0, tue la khi u, = Suy ra: T, va Ty, s@ khda lai khi uj, = 0 ‘Ty va Ts sé khoa lai khi u, = 0 Duing cong biéu dién dién sip tai pha a la u,, trong ntta chu ky gdm 5 doan duge trinh bay trén hinh 666, Co Ide ba tiristor din dong, co hic chi e6 hai tiristor din dong Khi « = 60° thi uy chi cdn gom 2 doan trong nita chu ky. 6,. Biéu thife ctia cong sudt tdi ba pha khi 0 < a < 60" 32, P = 3PR = . R trong do U,.IA tri higu dung cia dién ap ti pha a ‘Theo dinh nghia vé tri hiéu dung: 1B U; (u,)?.d8 Boe Slay Trong truting hop dang xét ta co: 1 om VB a . U3 = [ J (V2Usina)2dé + f( —— Usino)*de + f ( V2Usinay*d6 + wea be nz 2 aah aR +0 VG x Sf Usina)*d6 + J (/2Usin6y*46} a aah ba Be = UNL = + — sinda) Qa 4 sin2a), Cy a, Xét trvong hop « = 75%, xem hinh 664. 1341 GiA thigt T, va T, dang dan dong, wy = 5u,., dong dign chay trong T, va T, la: 1 1 te = frie = 5p Ma — Uh) Nhung khi T, va T, dang din dong, néu ta cap xung mé T,, ta o6 1 tna = ey - 8D 2R Do d6 ip, = in — 4) <0 Tiristor T,, bi khoa lai, tip theo la T, va T, din ding, 1 wp su, a tue Khi T, va T, dang din dong, néu moi T, ta eo: ten = Gp_ltn = ws vt uy > wy Ba n + i 3u, ay gid inp = in — iy = y gio iy nz > frm = pp Vi lic nay u, <0 nén T, bj khéa lai, T, va T ddim dong, khong lien quan dén tai pha a, u,, = 0. Suy ra: Khi mbi T, thi T, bi khoa Khi mdi Ty thi T, bj kha Khi moi T, thi T, bi khoa lai, Khi moi T, thi T, bi khoa lai, Khi madi T, thi T, bi khda lai, Khi moi T, thi T, bi khoa Iai. Duang cong biéu dién u,, khi a = 75°, trong nia chu ky gdm hai doan lién nhau. Lue ndo cing chi cé hai tiristor dén dong: T, va Ty; T, va Ti T, va Ty Ty va Ty Khi a >90°, trong nifa chu kj, u, gdm hai doan khong Jign nhau, b). Biéu thiie cong sudt tdi ba pha khi 60" < a = 90° 2 mee Vg Ul = Usiné)?.d8 ] a baie 2 1359 3v3 U2 = U% —+— | sinda cos! ‘ (rte + yp cose 3u? = = 1,9 R 2 + sin2a + a cos2a), 6) a, . Xét truéng hop « = 105", xem hinh 66d. T, va T, din dong cho dén khi uy, = 0. T, va T, dan dong cho dén khi u,, = 0 Duang cong bidu dién u, khi a = 105°, trong nia chu kj gdm hai doan khong lién tue, Khi a = 150° thi uy. = 0 by. Bie thie cong sudt tdi ba pha khi 90'S a@ < 150" 2 7 véu 5 Ba BVBcos2a + Ssin2 we == 5 (sinoytan = uy e SE, 2Ycosta + Ssin?g, shoe ro I 3U2, 5 Ba BVB.cos2a + Ssinde (2-4 6) 4 on ar ©. Cong sudt tai ba pha, P = fla) ‘Trugng hop U = 220 V, R = 10 Q, cong sudt tai duge ghi trong bing duéi day va biéu dién tren hinh 67. Phkw 0 sf 0 a 15 30 45 «60 75 90 WS 40 BS 1D oe Mins 67 136Gradateur itu khidn node t be phe ttn 8 | Usa va- wa Veeaal o [ae [anne [anne] anna [sere | enne fenme [anna | ane [ware céng | au? Be Ssin2e Qsin2x BV Scos2u| thie | == (I- “+ + ime | a o oe ew] vase | ves | 1305 [tess] wo2e | 726 | 20 | 196 | 062 | cos | 0 BAI S6 59 Cho so do diéu chinh dién ap xoay chiéu ba pha ban diéu khién, gim ba cap tiristor ~ didt diu song song ngugc. Tai thuan tré R, xem hinh 68a. a. Ve dang dién 4p tai pha a la u, b. Xse dinh biéu thtic cla céng sust ti ba pha. c. Ve duéng cong biéu dién céng sudt tai ba pha bién thién theo géc mé a, P = f(a) cho trutng hgp tri hiéu dung céa dién ap pha ngudn JA U = 220 V vA R = 109 Bai gid Cac tiristor duge diéu khién mé theo trinh ty 1, 3, 5, 1, 3, 5, Dé ve dién Ap mot pha tai, thar khao nguyen tic, 3, 4, 5 di néu trong bai tap 56. 58. a,, Xét truong hop « = 45", xem hinh 68b. Gia thiet T, va D, dang dan dong | 1 isa = (a — Up) 2R Khi moi T,: T,, Ts, D, din dong: uy = 4, 1 lu, ~ ud 2R Dong dien chy trong T, 1a : jis 137138Vay khi u, 5 0 thi ipg = 0, T, bi khda lai va D, bat dau din dong, ta c3 6 hap Ty, Dy. Dy din dong: vu, = u, 1 yw (a, = Uy ina (, = a 1 i, , = uy) ~ 2k + Buy, a a iy th 1d» QR Vay khi u,, > 0 thi ip, = 0, 7, bi khda lai, chi con T, va D, dn dong: Khi T, va D, dang dan dong: 1 ly yg to td Neu mai Ty Ty, D, va T, dain dong: uy = u, 1 iy pq Ws 7 to Dang dign chay trong Ty la: 3u, in = tg in =o Vay khi u, < 0 thi ip; = 0, ‘T, bj khoa Iai va D, bat dau dén dong, ta es té hap D. D, dan dong: u,. = 4, iggy =—— (My, — BQ) aR inp = ip + ig = - pz = fsa + ep aa 139Vay khi u, > 0 thi ip, = 0, D, bj kha Iai, chi con T, va D, déin dong: C6 thé rut ra quy luat sau: Khi mot tiristor va mot diot d hai pha khde nhau dang din dong, néu méi tiristor 6 pha thit ba thi dién ap pha tai bang dién 4p pha ngudn cho dén Khi didt bi phan cue nguge. Duténg cong biéu dién u,. gom 5 dogn lién nhau trong mot chu ky. Khi @ >90", dung cong u, khong con la dudng cong lien tuc nia by. Biéu thite cia cong sudt tdi ba pha khi 0 < a s 90" Be aie ann 2, = [£ (v2U.sinayds + J Usiné)*de + f(v2U.singy’d9 + an li an Baldee saltee VG . a + J ( — Usins)?ae + f(V5U sin6)* 48] a Anitere Be Bsin2a + An 8x Cong suat tai ba pha: wa = 3u_ 3U? Ba, Ssin2a = =—a- +), R R 4x ar a, Xét trvang hop a = 105°, xem hinh 68c Khi mai T,: T,, D wy Dy din dong: uy. = u 1 ihe yg (a = ted 1 ha = gq Mn - od 1 iy, == (ye - Oy) 2 “OR ( D Dang dien chay trong D, 1a: 2uy, aR, ine = ty + ie = 7 Vay khi u, = 0 thi iy, = 0, D, bi khoa Iai, chi cn T, va D, din dong 140VA Uy = pyc cho déin khi uy = Khi mdi Ty: T,, Dy, Dy dén dong: u,, 1 in = Gy tn — Ye 1 he = yy Cn - 1 la yy la = Hd Dang dién chay trong D2 la: f Bu im = in + i = - 5p Vay khi u. = 0 thi ip, = 0 va D; bi khoa Iai, chi con T, va D, ddn dong uy, cho dén khi uy, = 0. Khi mdi Ty: Ty, D,, Dy din dong: u,, isu Sy Me — Un) 2R igg oe (Ue ~ ,) “3B : (uy - u,) ln = OR Dong dién chay trong D, 1a: Ing isg + fgg = 0 thi ing = 0, Dy bj koa lai, chi con T, va D, dan dong, K) 2 khong lién quan dén tai pha a, u, = 0. Duang cong biéu dién u,, gdm 5 doan khong lién tuc trong mot chu ky Khi « = 120° thi u,. chi cdn Iai 2 doan trong mét chu ky. 6. Biéu thite cia cong sudt tdi ba pha khi 90" < a = 120° anit 1 A 2 VG . _ = [ f (W2Usingyae + f( — Usine)?do + J (v2Usine)*de + an Dien U; an lin 441v6 a thoG Usinayde + J (v2Usina)*de be Saihew y , 11 3 U} = UX - =) 8 On Cong suat tai ba pha: 3 gu? 7 Peo i—- R R 8 Oe a. Xet truang hep oe = 135", xem hinh 68d. Pybw 1 1s 30 45 «60 15 30 WS 120 15 150 165 180 a ian 09 = 1 a Khi mdi Ty: Ty va D, dam dong, uy, => tye Cho d&n Khia = 0 1 Khi mai Ty Ty va Dy din dong, uy =— uy, cho dén khi uy, = 0 by Bidiv thite ctia cong sudt tai ba pha khi 120° < we < 180" J ( usintn2.de 7 iene 7 Ba | Bsin2a — BV3cos2a - + 8 4x 16x Céng suat tai 3 pha 142p= Uh 8 7 Ba Bsin2a BvBeos2u ROR GS Ge 7 ee Khi ce = 180" khong thé md duge cite tiristor, u, = 0, P = 0 ©, Cong sudt tai ba pha, P = fle) Tresng hop U 220 V, R = 10 Q, cong suat tai duge ghi trong bang dudi day va biéy dién trén hinh 69, Cena | wu sind: we oor wo =n sa] ® 2 ad ga) wrt | nave | 7 FT Be Bind - 3V3e08% omg we] 7H, : BAI SO 60 Cho so dé thiét bi di@u chink dien ap xoay chiéu (gradateur), ba pha, hinh 70. Tai ba pha doi xing, thuin cdm, du theo kiéu Y. Dién Ap pha U = 220 V, f= 50 Ha, b= 5 mH, a = 12 a. Ve duting cong biéu dién dong dién pha A, b. Tinh tri trung hinh cia dong dién chay trong tiristor T,, Ty, Bai yidi a Goc « = = tinh tir gian digm cia dién ap pha dang xét va true hoanh ‘Trinh tu cmp xung ditu khién: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 xung no cach xung kia 143SC 4 Hinh 70 mot goc bang 7/3 Trong khoang O,, O,: T, va T,, dat dudi dién ap ug, din dong. ‘Trong khoang 0,0,: T, va T,, dat dudi dién 4p u,,, ddn dong, ‘Trong khoAng 0,0: T, va Ty, dat dudi dién ap uy,, dan dong. Trong khoang 0O,: Ty va Ty, dat duéi dién 4p ugg, dén dong. Méi tiristor din dong trong 21/8. a, Biéu thie cia i, iy Xée dinh i, Trong khong a = 8 < x, céc tiristor T, va T,, dat dudi dién dp uy ma cho dong chay qua, ta co phugng trinh sau di ~ 2x! = v6 Usin(o + 1/6) aay, V8 1 = V6.U( — .sin@ +— cos6) 2 2 veu v8 1 fn = gy Up sing.as + F Scoss.da) + € v6U x -— cos(2 +— } + C. 2x 6 1442/3 thi iy = 0, do do: yeu -véu v3 cos5x/6 = x 2X 2 vou wi-yo eee] 0 Trong khong + s 4 = 4n/3, céc tiristor 'T; va T,, dat duoi dien ap uyes ind cho dong chay qua, ta es phugng trinh sau: di ~ = 2x! = véUsin@ -—_ ) an 6 nghiém cla no 1a (1b) 6 Xac dinh i, Trong khong 52/3 S 6 = 2x, cae tiristor T, va T, dat dudi dién ap Ujy\ = —Hauy me cho dong chay qua, ta co phuong trinh: diy, - x 2x = - veUsing + % a 6 véu , V8 yy = ef ~S + costs +25 1 ox be 6 ‘Trong khoing 0 < 6 (Qa) n/a, cae tiristor T, va T, dat dudi dien ap ug, mé cho dong chay qua, ta co phugng trinh: yy - x x ML _ eu sine ~ —) an veu v3 x iy = = = + cosi@ +— ] (2b) Xx 2 6 ‘Tong cdc hiéu thite trén: véu ¥6.220 5 171,62 A. 2X 2. B14. 5.107 Dong dién pha A, i, = ipy ipgs due mé td bang cac biéu thuc® (1a), (bl, @a), (2b). Dang cong biéu dién i, duge trinh bay trén hinh 71. Ket qua tinh toan ghi trong bang sau 145,a Ks| | te Minn 79 ah 146= ing = — maset — + cost — 0% | igy = mise t~ F — cose + 209 ° o | ® | «| s | 6 | 2 | ws | wo | 5 | wo u | 0 |-v«[-2 [-mulo | o [wu | a | vm | o ig, = wee ~ %F — cone - 30% | mpg = ~ wren t- & + coe + 201 «| wo [ws | 20 | 2s | 20 | 00 | a | 390 | o45 | 60 &. Tink tri trung bink Ly, iy, = 171,62[, a ~ cos + 80)],¢ 545% Sf ippde =— [ - f Ads ~ f Acoshie+ § B.sinede }. a = Loan Gan MB trong dé: A = 1486272 B = 85,81 Tyy = (-49,5424 + 40,992 + 13,664) = 5,1 A BAI SO 61 Cho so dé thiét bj diéu chinh dién ap xoay chidu (gradateur) ba pha. TAi tré cAm, dAu theo kiéu "A", xem hinh 72. Dien ap pha U = 240 V, f = 50 Hz, R = 279, L = 0,09 H, « Hay ve duang cong biéu dién dong dién pha a, i, trong nia cha ky dau 90° ota no Boi gidi Gee diéu ihiém a duge tink tit giao diém cia dién ap pha dang xét véi tryc hoanh. Cac tiristor dyge ditu khién ma theo trinh ty 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Dien ap pha va dién ap day eda ngudn dien xoay chitu duge vé trén 147hinh 78. ‘Trong khoang 0,0, cac tiristor T, vA T,, dat duai dien ap uy din dong ‘Trong khoang 0,0, cae tiriseor T, va T,, dat dusi dién ap u,, dan dong Trong khoang 0,0, cac tiristor T, va Ty, dat duai dién ap uy. dan dong. ‘Trong khodng 0,0, T, va T, mé cho dang chay qua, ta ed phutong trinh: Minn 72 diy dt L + Rig = VEU sin(@ + 1/6) Néu chuyén géc toa dd sang O, (cach O mot goc dung bing a = 7/2), ta es} veu =o sino + 2/9), ay diy, OR cee) aL Van dung cac quan hé bam anh — ham g6c sau: 1 et p+b psiny + weosy Pea each 148i 1 Ht b bebe Bry" + sinwt ~ coswt) > 5 (p + bp? + wd b+ 3(—be+beosuit — wsinart) Viet (1) dudi dang toan tit Lapla V6.U psiny + weosy V6U p.siny + w.cosy “—L (p + byp? + w) R trong do: b =~ , X = wL = 314 . 0,09 = 28,26 2 Le” Ray x Z R? + X? = 39,08 Q; tap HR 7 hose Qn y = 46°33 = 0,808 rad; y = - R 0,955. = = cosy, — = sing, — = a = 0,955 Zz a) x Qua it phép bién déi nhan duoc: v6.U hun = [sinf@ + y — 9) + sinly — pie} + i(O.e @) ‘Prong giai doan dau nay i,(0) = 0, ta co: we = 1Ssin(@ + 1,285) — 14,4,60°5%, @) = 7,5.8in(@ + 1,285) + 7.2.05, (4) ay — dey 22,5sin(@ + 1,285) — 21,604.95, (5) ing — Syn = -22,58in(@ + 1,285) + 21,600.54 , cho xung mé T). Bay giv: yor) = 5,56 A i (3) = -2,78 A 149Hai s6 ligu nay s@ la sa kién cho giai doan tiép sau do. Giai doan 0,0', (xem hinh 73): Khi 6 = 3 cho xung md T,. Lie nay T,, T,, T; déu ma (T, chi khoa Lai khi i, = 0). Lay O, lam géc toa do, ta ed: uy, = VeU.sini@ + =) Une = VEU.sine +— th 3? Sx Ug, = VeU.sin@ a = véUsinig +=) Trong giai doan nay, biéu thc chung cla cdc dong dién pha co dang nhu (2), chi khac nhau 6 so kién va géc y (gée pha trong cae biéu thitc cua dién ap): iy, = 15[sin@ + x —¥) + sinlp - De] + 5,56.0% = Tdsin(@ + 2,832) - 5,305, (1) r. br 5a = 15/sin(@ -~) + -— ew 2,780. jew [sine + 9) + sing -— ] le = lBsin(@ + 4,428) + 11,60%95S? | (8) x x ing = 15[sin(@ +— — y) + sinly -— )e% |- 2,78 ine [ne + ip — J = 15.sin(6 + 0,238) - 6,3266.95% | @) iy = ing — ty mo 15.sin(@ + 0,238) ~ 15sin(6 + 2,882) ~ 1,026.09" = 22,5sin(6 + 0,238) — 13.cos(# + 0,238) - 1,026.6°9S%", Dat 22,5 = A = VA? + BPcosf 13 = B = VA? + BP sing tgs = 0,577; 8 = 0,524 rad; VA? + BY = 26, i 26 [cosS.sin(@ + 0,238) — sinp.cos(0 + 0,238) ~ 1,026,005" 26.sin(6 — 0,286) ~ 1,026.e°55, oy © khi 6 = 0,3152 rad, hode 18°068 = 18° ) — 15sin(@ + 4,428) — 16,9. 150‘Thye hién phép bi€n déi nhu da lam dé co bigu thie (10), sé nhin duge: i, = 26sin(@ + 1,8) - 16,9.6%95%, ap Khi 6 = 18" hoae 0,314 rad, (ki hitu bang gée ), ta co: i) = 8,2 As igi) = -6,4 As ig) = 3,2 A. Ba s6 ligu nay sé Ia so kién cia giai doan tiép sau dé. Giai doan 0',0, (chi cdn T,. 'T, md cho dong chay qua). Lay 0’, lam gic toa dé, ta co 76° 30 60 90 120 150 180° o Wink 73 481= VeUsin(@ +1 + y) uy. = V6Usin(Gg a +”. a br VOUsINO += + 5 br al Fine tp ta 0) + siny <= ye") = 640 = 18.sin( + 4,74) + 86.0495, (2) = 1,8sin(@ + 4,74) ~ 4,3.0°9%, (13) Ssin(@ + 4,74) — 12,9.6%-955", (4) ‘Két qua tinh toan duge ghi trong bang duéi day. Dutng cong biéu dién i, trong nia chu ky dau (cho dén khi mda T,) duge vé trén hinh 73. te A 5 Biéy thie (6) iby thue iu thie (14) a rad] 0 [02616 [ase3a| aes | 1046 | 0104 | 0209 | 0314 | 02616 [oszsa| 0788 | 1046 567 | ars | 95s | a5 | 927 | 97 | 975 | ust | nae | 957 | sa7 152PHAN V BIEN TAN (ONDULEUR) BAI S6 62 Cho so dé hign tan (onduleur) mét pha, lam viéc véi tai thoin cam. So dé chi gém hai tiristor va hai didt du song song nguge véi tiristor, nhung ngudn dién mot chiéu ed diém giita, xem hinh 74 E = 100 V, L = 50 mH; f = 50 Hz. a. Vist bi€u thite gidi tich ofa dong tai i, bit ring: - khit = 0 thii = - 1, T = khi tt = thi = + 1, Pp b, Ve eae duang biéw dién cae dong diem: by, nse yy ipy va dong i). ¢. Tinh tri trung binh cin dong didn tiristor, Ty, va cia dong ditn diét Ty. E7 Bai gidi i 5 a. Biéu thite cia i Minn 74 Khi cho xung md T,, ta eo phuong trinh ai Tae at va nghiém lai =—t + C A nghié tas Van dung sa kién du, xac dinh duge hang sé tich phan: 153Van dung so kién tht hai, xéc dinh duge tri sé cia I,, ET 100 ly 2 = >_> = 108 4L 200 . 50.107 Biéu thie cia dong tai i i =—-(t - —) = 2000t - 10 L 4 b. Cac duimg biéu dién ee dong dién duge trinh bay trén hinh 75. “tse Th T 7 mon 75 154ce. Tink Tp Ty 1m! 1w’eE re Ty = In == f idt =— = - — at fr TL T ty fr th L mi ye E 100 1,25 A 82fL 32. 50. 50.103 1TH 5 Y Ip = - t — —jdt = 1,25 Dt Te ptr A BAI SO 63 Cho so do bién tan mét pha lam viée véi tai thu&n cAm, xem hinh 76a, @ day khong vé cdc phan tit chuyén mach, bdo dim: khi mé T, thi T, bi khéa lai va nguoe lai; cing nhu kbi mé T, thi T, bj khoa lei va ngugc lai E = 10 V; L = 1 mH; f = 100 Hz. a. Viét biéu thitc giai tich cia dong dién tai i khi t O thi i - khit = 7/2 thii = I b. Va cac dutng cong biéu dién cdc dang dién: rang: i int dona brew tna VA Ie ¢. Tinh tri trung binh cia dong tiristor, I, va cla dong ditt Ty Bai pid a, Biéu thite cita i Khi T, va T, mé cho dong chay qua, ta e6 phuong trinh: di a dt E va nghiom i fat C= Tete L Van dung so kién dau, xéc dinh duge hang 36 tich phan C Toy Vay: i=e—t-Iy L Van dung so kign thit hai, xde dinh duge tri s6 cia I, ET 10 In == = ay AA Lo 4 107.4 . 100 155o a fon3 ° 1 eo 4 02,4 | ° ¢ f) iy { o a 9 Winn 70 156Cudi cimg, biéu thie cha dong dién tai 6 dang i=—t-—) L &. Dong fart co dang tyén tink, xem hink 766, la dong din cia mach tAi mang tinh cam khang nén ta khong duge phép cat dot ngot. Cau dict dau song song nguge, D, + D, lam nhiém vu nay Khi t = 0, tuy cho xung ma T, va T, nhung khong co higu qua vi i < 0, D, va D, din dong, lam agin mach T, va T, Phai chi dén Khi ip, , = 0 tte IA t= 7 ma néu van con xung digu khign tae dong vao T, va T, thi hai tiristor nay méi bat dau din dong © Tinh Ly. Gy 112 5 T I; jf —. t - — dat Ti L 4 > 1200 1 4 7 = 10% [+ | -pi y] = 3125 A 2 Vion ~ 400 200 400 J 1 8B v We- al it - —) dt = 3,125 A. Ton 4 Méi diét vi méi tiristoe chi cho dong chay qua trong thai gian T/4. Dong dign ngubn iy + fy — yy — py eo dang rang ova Cae dutng cong biéu dién cde dong dibs duge trinh bay trén hinh 76b + 16g BAI SO 64 Sho sa dé bién tin mot pha..Mach tai gdm dién cam L néi tip voi dién tré R, xem hinh 77a, d day khong vé cac phan ti chuyén mach, bdo dam: khi mé 7, thi T, bi kha lai va nguge lai; cing nhu khi me T; thi T, bi khoa lai vi nguge Iai E = 10 V; L = 1 mH; R = 04 Q; f = 100 Rez. a, Viet hid thie gidi tich cia dong dién tai i, biét rng: - khi tt = 0 thii = -I,, 157b. Ve cae duimg cong bidu dién cae dong dién i, ipy, iy, c. Tinh tri trung binh cua dong tiristor, I, va cia dong diét I), Bai xidi a, Buby thite cia i Khi cho xung mé T, va T, ta cé phutang trinh vi phan: ai Las + Ri wm a Viet (1) dvtdi dang ton tit Laplace: E plips = it0) + al(py , Lp R trong dé a =—— = 400; (0) = - 1, L 1 E Tn (py) =. - —2_ Lip + ap ptt a va nghiém eda (1) 1a i= =e) — Lew 2) Van dung so kign thi hai, xde dinh duge: EB o1-ekral 1-8 Ty = = 25 — = 19A "ORT + eka lve Vay i = 251 — e™)— yea 25 - 44.0%, (3) b. Ve cde dung cong biéu dién cdc dong dien. Dé lam duac viée nay ta phai biét thai gian din dang cia dist. Didt D, dan dong tit khi t = 0 dén khit = t,. Khi t = t). iy, = 0. Vay ta cd 0 = m5 - 44.04% = 400t, = In(0,5682) t, = 141 ms 158Dang dién i cd dang ham ma. Céc ding cong biéu dién céc dong dién duge trinh bay trén binh 77, ¢, d. Ty Hin 77 Typ T; vw Ty 1m! ™m tR J idt = 100(25 f de - 44 f e4.dt) Ty if 250005 = ty) + Mle? — e942 42 A -t fidt = - 2500, — lle“, + 11 = 121ABAI SO 65 Cho sa dé bién tan mot pha. Mach tai gom dien cam L dau song song vai dién trd R. xem hinh 78, trén hinh khong vé ede phan ti choyé mach. E = 10 V, L = 1 mH, f = 100 Hz. Cho biet: — Knit = 0, = 1, T Kit =5— si, = ho a, Viet biéu thie cia i, b. VE cae dudng bidu dién i, i, trong mot chu ky va tinh tr} trung binh cia dong dist [,,, cda dong tiristor, Iy cho hai trugng hop: R = 19 va R = 49 Bai xii a. Dién ap dat tren mach tai tA u, cd dang “hinh sin chit nhat", vai bien dé * E, xem hinh 79a Khi T, va ‘Ty mé cho dang chay qua, ta eo ede phuong trinh sau a Lo sk at E Do ds: iy = t + C Van dung sa kién thi nbat, xae dink dude hang s6 tich phan Crean Van dung sa kign tht hai, xae dinh duge tri s6 eta Ty 4. - ET he E 10 ‘in "Grp 7 as a00103 7 Biéu thie giai tich eta i BA t— fy = it a) 160b Truimg hop R = 1 Q. Khi T,, T, dan dong, ta eo: isi, t iy E E at — I + = Ott - 15, (2) L R - Khi T,. T, dan dng: T + ig) = - 10% = op + 15 Dutang biéu diém i duge trinh bay trén hinh 79b. Trong mot chu ky, khi i cé cing déu véi u thi ngudn dién met chiéu ung cap dien nang cho tai, dong dién chay qua céc titistor, i, > 0; con khi chung nguge diu nhau thi mach tai trd nang Ivong dién vé cho ngudn, dong dién chay qua cae dist i, < 0. Dutng bie dién i, duge trinh bay trén hinh 79c. ‘Thai gian din dong cha D, va D, trong mot chu ky la ty, ‘Thay t = ty, VA cho i = 0, (biéu thite (2)): 15 ty sor = 15 ms. ‘Théi gian din dong cia T, va T, trong mot chu ky 1a ty 7 4 ty ey ty = G - 15/107 = 35 ms Tri trung bink eda dong diot: p 1 th Ty =-—> J ott = 15a. =-— (1104 — = 1,5ty) J = 1,125A. T A T 2 Tri trung hinh cia dong tiristor 10 Ty =, f Goh - 15)dt = > 9? in T [ 1 = 1001 ~~ — 1,125,107 ~ -5,25.10 Truong hap R = 04 2 Khi T, va T, d&e dang, ta cd: 161ee) lu t= le t = L wR ak = 10 — 25 + 25 = 104, w Khi T, va T, din dong, ta i= -10% — 1/2) Cac duamg biéu dién i, i, duue trinh bay trén hinh 798, 4 ty = Ove, = TR Vay I, = 0 va finn 70 1m Ty => f 10%.dt = 10° rm f win 78 162,BAL sO 66 So dd bién tan (onduleur) mét pha cho trén hinh 80a. E = 10 V, L = 1 mH, f = 100 He T, + Ty co thé JA nhing thiét bi bam di¢n ap hoac tiristor GTO (Gate Turn OC. Dé co thé di’u chink duge dign ap tran tai IA u, ngvdi ta thye hign luat phat cic xung md, kha tiristor trinh bay tren hinh 80b. a, Hay vé duang cong biéu dién dien 4p t8i, dong dién tai i, dong dien trong céc tiristor, cdc didt, dong dién ngudn i, b. Tinh tri trung binh eta dong dign trong céc tiristor va cdc didt. é is 1h Ble ly i i 3 $ y % % 3 kung thad { { t { b) Bai gidi a. Mach tai mang tinh cim khang nén dong tai i khéng thé dAo chiéu mot cach dot ngot duce. Trude khi phat xung md T,, Tj, dong dién tai chay theo mach: 163B-A-D,-B-D,-B Dien ap tren tai lau = +E. Khi 0 = 0 cho xung mé 7), Ty. tor nay dang bi D,, Dy lam ngén mach, chung 6 trang thdi cho. Chi khi i = 0 va néu vin con xung diéu khidn thi T,, ‘T, mé cho dong chay qua theo chitu tl A dén B. Bay gid dien 4p trén tai cang vin 1a: Hai ti w= +E - Khi6 = 5 cho xung khda T, dong dién tdi chay theo mach A-B-D,-T, 0 Khi 6 = 7, Cho xung khda T, vA mé T,, T, dong dién tai chay theo mach: oA Dién ap tren tai lau A-B-D,-E- Dién ap trén tai ua = - E Khi i > 0 thi T,, T, bi Dy, D, lam ngan mach, khi i = 0 thi T,, T, méi mé cho dong chay qua theo chitu B - A- T,~ E-T,- Bvau =-£ Khi # = 8n/2 cho xung khoa T,, dong dién tdi chay qua T, va Dy dign ap trén tai u = 0. Khi @ = 2n cho xung khoa T, va méT,, Ty, dong dign tai chdy theo mach: B-A-D,-E-D,-B so dé tré Iai trang thai 1am viée ban dau Dién ap trén tai co dang trén hinh 8la. Dang dien tai duge xdc dinh theo biéw thie: di L—=2E dt Trong nila chu ky duong cia dién dp tai ta 6: dE 164ea r ok a i ns a) ‘ tn 6 ° _~ cin} 2 aa » bn ynoon4 in Bd |e 7 2 i 2 a it a by J by a a) fy 4 bog iy, ° in lo, iy ° 5 t ° + a8 9) inn 165"aL ” B10 Dong dign tai cd dang trinh bay trén hinh 109b. Dong dign ngubn i, = ip) + iy — ig, — ipg oo dang trinh bay trén hinh big Dang dign trong céc tiristor va diét trinh bay trén hinh 8lc, d, e, f b, Tri trang binh ca cdc dong dién: 1, Mp ie I Tyas = Ip2 = Ios =] fC t - Iydt +f Tad in = fea = Toe = Ios = LZ dt + Tt] 10,000 ae T T T = 100[ e | = 12,5( — - +25 >] 2 TR 4° 8 4 3,906 A 1 tw Tig = Ip = Ibn = — eS (ot Tydt = ied Tot ge Ft ds 10.000 T T -100.[— (yP- 12.6.5 Khi u va i ngugc déu nhau thi dong tai chay qua hai diot. Khi u va i cig dau nha thi dong tai chay qua hai tiristor. Khi u — 0 thi dong tai chay qua mét tiristor va mot didt. BAI SO 67 Cho so dd bién tan mot pha, lam viée khong tai, hinh 62, L = 2 mH, C = Luk, € = 100 Hz, Hay vé duang cong biéu dién dién dp u va dong dien i Bai gidi Khi cho xung diéu khién ma T, va T,, ta e6 phuong trinh: a a 2, hoae = + uu = Bul, @) aeau 1 trong 46 i= co 2 a °° “are (2) dudi dang toan th Laplace Ew? P u(0) 1a gia tri dign ap tran tu dign khi t = 0 (khi T,, T, md cho dong chay qua) P*U(p) — pu(0) - uO) + uw Up) = + Ninh 02 Ky hi¢u u(0) = U,, so kién dién ap nay nguge chitu voi u : a pip? + wi) (p? + wi) Van dung quan hé gitia ham Anh, ham géc: Do a Utp) = BE P — cose, pre vo 1 = coswyt pip? + we) Nhan duge ue) = B= (U, + Blcosw,, 3) du U, +E it) = CS = — sinwgt @ © a” thy, Neh 167Tan s6 phat xung diéu khién la f = 100 Hz, chu ky la T = 0,01 s. Tan sé riéng cia mach dién Ia £,, Ms 1 1000 ~ 2n ~ Qnv2BLC ~ 2 . 3,14v0,002 = 3560 Hz 1 Chu ky la, ==> = 0,00028 s Vif, > f nen mach dién dao dong ngit quang. “ r \ | \ | fh | a 1 | | Hin 92 Gia thiét khi bat du chu ky digu khién thi nhét, khi cho xung mé T, va Ty, U,, = 0, Ta 06 cde phuong trinh: u = ECL = cosw,t) B sinagt aw, 1682 a = Ung = 2B; i = 0. m : t, T Bay gi0 hal tiristor Ty, T, tw khda lai va do << 5 nen chua oo xung dén md T;, Ty, bd bién tan ngitng lam viée, cho dén khi t cd xung, diéu khién mé T,, T,, mdi tigp tue lam viée nhung véi so kién U,, ~ 2E. Sau méi chu ky, U,, lai tang lén va do do i tang lén, cho dén khi pha hong thiet bi, xem hinh 83 BAI SO 68 Cho so dé bién tan (onduleur) mét pha, lam viéc khéng tai, xem hinh 84a. B= WV; L = 1 mH; C = 1 9; f = 100 Hz Cac tiristor, didt, tu dign, dien cém déu la nhiing phan tit ly tudng. a. Ve dung cong biéu dién dién dp u va dong dign i, b. Tinh tri sé cia R néi tiép vdi cde diét, xem hinh 84b, sao cho dong tun hoan i; (0) = 0 truée khi chuyén mach, va tinh tri trung binh cila cong sudt tén th4t AP trong m6i lan chuyén mach Bai gidi a. Khi cho xung diéu khién mé bat kj cap tiristor nao, vi dy T,, T; chang han, dong dign i chay theo mach: EB - L ~ T, - © ~ Ty - LB, ta cs phugng trink vi phan sau di a +u a dt hoac: 2 eau (2 dt- a —— 22,4.10° t 6 ———— 4 rong we v210%.10" ‘Tan s6 riéng eda mach dién: 169a) ) winn o4 6 A = 3960 Hz; f, > f Viet (2) duai dang toan tt Laplace: 2 > 2 w, B pUip — pu(d) + w2.U(p) = aa) p+ wi, wE Up = — Me 3 pip? + wi) pe + we trong dé u(0) = U,, nguge dau véi u. Vay u = BU = cow,t) — U,cos,t, (a) du u (U, + B).Cw,,sinat, 6) vat T + Trong mita chu ky dau, 0 < t < >. So kien: i(0) = 0 va u(0) = 0 u = Ell ~ cosu,t) i = Cw, Bsinw,t Dien ap u tit 0 tang dan lén; dén khi u = E thi cde diét D, va Dy md, dong dién i, khép kin theo cde mach L - T, — D, va L - D, - Ty. ‘Thai gian bat dau xudt hién dong dién tuan hoan i, | t, duge x4c dinh 170tit dang thie E = Ed ~ cosw,t)) cost) = 0 Wiyty = x 314 <= p= 70 Do ds t 2w, 2. 22,4.10° Bay gis i(t,) = Cw,B = 10°.22,4.10°10 = 0,236 A De ede phiin ti mach dién dou 1a nhing phim tif ly tudng nén dong dien tuan hoan i, = Cu,E, git nguyen bién dé, tiép tuc chay trong hai mach kin ngi trén cho dén khi t =T/2, khi cd xung diéu khién mé cap tiristo T,, T,. Trong nita chu ky sau: T/2 < t < T. So kién: i) = Cw,,E; u0) = EB. Dién Ap trén ty dign dao dav, dong dién i etng dao chitu us - EB + 2Bcosw,t, 6) du va = (0) — OF 4) = Cu,E + 2Cw, Esinugt. ” Khi u = E, cic didt D,, D, mé, dong dign tuan hoan i, chay theo cdc mach: L — D,- T, va L - Dy - Ty Chayén géc thai gian sang T/2 48 xét khi nao lai xudt hién dong dién tu’n hoan. Thay u = B, ta cd: E = -E + 2B.cosw,t, 70 ws. Bay gia i(t)) = 3C.o,E gitt nguyén bién dd, chay trong hai mech kin noi trén cho dén khi t = T. Nhu vay, sau méi lan chuyén mach i,, Iai tang fen, et! nhu thé cho dén pha hiy cic phan ti trong mach. Cac dudng cong biéu diéa u va i, duge trinh bay trén hinh 85. vmfinn 0s b. Tinh R va AP Ngudi ta dau noi tiép dien tra R voi méi diot nh&m lam tieu tén nang lugng tich léy trong cae cudn cdm L truée khi chuyén mach. Nhu vay, dong, i, s& suy gidm theo kiéu ham mu véi hang sé thdi gian la 1 =L/R, trong khoang thai gian co dong dién tuan hoan, T/2 — t, Néw ta yeu cAu: sau khong thai gian bing 5r, dong dién tuan hoan phai tat, thi R duoe tinh nhw sau 5.10% =1Q. 0,005 ~ 70.10% Qua (7) nhan thay rang, tri eve tiéu cia dong dign tuan hoan I,,, sau méi Tan chuyé mach chi cdn 1: Ty = 2CwJE = 2.10%,22,4.10°.10 = 0,448 A. (6 hang C.u,E khong con nita vi da tieu tan trong nite chu ky du). 172Nang lugng tich tu trong hai cagn cAm méi Yan chuyén mach 1a: 1 2W, = 2 — Llp, = 107.0448? = 0,2 J. 7 bttm ‘Trong mai chu ky co hai lan chayén mach nén tri trung binh cia cong sudt tdn that 1A 4W, 2. 02 T 0.01 = 0,04 W. BAI SO 69 Cho sa dé bién tn (onduleur) mét pha, hinh 86, E = 100 V; f = 100 Hz, R = 10 9; L = 100 mH. =2 Ti sé bién ap k = a, Dign dp sut trong tiristor vA trong dit: AU, = AU, = AU = 1 V. Dong dién lan nbét chay qua tiristor khi chuyén mach 1a I,,, = 20 A = 25 us. ‘Thai gian khda cia tiristor 1a ty, a. Tinh cie phan ti chuyén mach L,, Cy. b. Kiém tra xem dong dién tuan hoan ip 0S kip “t&t" trude khi chuyén Han 173mach khong. Bai gidi @, Tink L, ua Cy Dé tinh duge hai phan tit chuyén mach nay cin biét tri sé dong dién ti chay qua tiristor khi bat du chuyén mach, sau dé sit dung tosn dé + Mach dién tuong duong Gia thiét T, dang md cho dong chay qua. Qua trinh chuyén mach bit dau khi cho xtng diéu khién mé T,. Bay git so dd 6 hinh 86 duge mo ta bang hé phudng trinh sau: mM @) (3) (4) (5) du, The (2) vac (5), duge i; = 2c, —>, 6) ° dt du, The (6) vao (3), duge i, = iy — 2.57 MD du, Thé (7) vao (4), duge iy = ki + 4C.—, 8) dt trong do i 1a nghiém etia (1): kau 1 = et) — Tet. @) a oun out Vay ki = (= eM) = kde’ (10) Dat ki = iy as Names ap at ki = i Ry fat. Thé (11) vao (8), duge: ig = ig + iggy «iy 174trong d6 ign = 4C, Bigu thie (8) cho phép lap mech dién tuong duong cia onduleur khi chuyén mach, xem hinh 87. 4 oR oo PW Lar & to i a la 14 ra oe 1 | [| line : Tai L, TY Kcr 3 or ~ 17 a] i j 7 ile RS , Lyn ot is Dién ap u, co dang “sin chit nhat” voi bien 49 bang + E. Dang iy, os dang ham mi, c6 tri 56 khi bat dau chuyén mach 1a 1 (xem hinh 89) difge xd dinh nha bigu thite: L- eter 100 1 - ef stm )= 98 A 175Tinh dai Iwong tong déi 7 Ime oars "Tam 98 Ti Ts,, = 2, qua toan dd 6 hinh 88, xAc dinh dage Lt = 2 Tu Ly = 2, cing qua tomn dé nay, xic dinh duge Cl = 2,3. E 100 Tinh RY = = 10.22 Tim 98 ‘Tinh L, va C, theo cac cong thiic: L, = RLftyyy = 10,2. 2. 25.10% = 0,51 mH . 2,8 . 25.10% Cu = = 5,6 KF 10,2 Vay: Co = = 14 uF. b. Kiém tra dong tuan hoan iy, Dien cém L, han ché téc d tang trudng cila dong tiristor khi khai dong va khi chuyé'a mach. Khi chuyén mach, iy > Vem DE bai ChE ify = thy = Tye = 20 A. Vay: 20 - 9,8 = 10.24 ‘Thisi gian suy gidm cia dong dién twin hoin duce tinh nhw sau LW) 0,51.10°.10,2 be Qa =i i, tim = Han tym = Ime — Lm = flO = 26 ms. T 1 2 2. 100 T/2). Nhung néu xem dién dp sut ¢rong D, va T, la Au, = Av, = 1 V thi thai gian tas sé ta: LT ;(0) ep = 0,79 ms <— wy +2 BAI S6 71 Cho sa do bién tan ba pha, tai ba pha thuan cdm, dau theo hinh "sao" (Y), xem hinh 93a, B 9V, L = 2 mH, f = 100 Hz. a. Ve dung cong biéu dién dién ap cdc pha tai uy, Uy, Uy b. Tinh va vé dong bist rang: ~ khi t ~ hit. jen cic pha tai: iy iy iy vA dong dién ngudn i, 180c. Tinh tri trung binh cia dong din chay trong tiristor, 1), va cia dong chay trong didt I), Bai gi a, Lan lugt cho xung diéu khién mé céc tiristar theo trinh ty 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Xung no cach xung kia 60" dién Thiét bj chuyén mach (khong vé trén sd dd) dam bao: khi m& T, thi khoa T, va nguac Iai, khi md T, thi kha T, va nguge lai, khi ma T. thi khoa T, va ngwae Iai cae diém 1, 2, 3 so véi diém N ieye Am cla nguon dién) TA Uyys Usy: Uyy due trinh bay trén hinh 93b. Dien thé m 1, 2, 3 so véi diém trung tinh cia tai, diém 6, duge xc dinh theo cde cong thie: i cc di ay (2U yy — Uy — Usp) (2Uyy ~ Uy = Upp (yy — Uy — Uy? va duge trinh bay trén hinh 93b, b, Dong dien tai Do tai déi ximg, dong dién cic pha tai lech nhau 120° dien, Dién ap pha co dang 6 hac, bién do la E/3 va 26/3. Biéu thie cia dong i, dude xée dinh Ung vai timg bac dign Ap. Tri cudi cia bac nay sé 1A so kign cha bac ké tiep no ‘Trong khoang 0 < t < T/6, ta 6 phuang trinh: di E “a 8 va nghiém lA b= t+ A Van dung sa kién dau bai cho: khi t = 0, i = — [,,, ta cd: aut 7m on) 181ET + kai t = T/6, ta e6 i(T/6) =——— = I 3L6 = 8 — Ty = Taw cy - Trong khoang T/6 < t < 27/6, ta es phuong trinb: = 25/3 2E va nghiém lit ar 7 18) + bs @ 2E.T + khi t = 27/6 ta od (27/6) = ——— + Iyy 3L6 -1 (2a) - Trong khoang 21/6 < t < 7/2, co phuang trinh! di E Lp = BiB, va nghiem i => (t= 216) + Tp (8) skhit = T/2 ta eo WT2) = —— + 15 - In 3LG = 20-1, (3a) ‘Theo daw bat khi t = T/2, i = 1, ném tir Ba) rut ra: Iy = 20/2 = 10 = Trong khodng T/2 < t < 47/6, ta c6 phuong trinh: di - E/3 va nghiém 1A i (t= 12) + Tye “ TYG, Br I, khit = 47/6 ta oo (47/6) = - +In . “ 3L6 =5 =], (4a) ms ‘Trong khoang 47/6 < t < 5T/6, ta co phuong trinh ai — = - 2B di 182Th 2th We 4% ste T lor top bos ALINE ot o 's ° Laaetet Hine oa 183, 2E vi nghigm 1 = = Sot 4TI6) + Inne rr) + khit = S16 ta 6 HST) = — 5 = Ing (a) - Trong khoang ST/6 < t < ts > : Ugs = ~ E, i,40) = 10,855 iy = —6OCL = e S012) + 10,8550), (3') 6T ie (Gy = 8747 oT Trong khodng ——s t = T Ups = 0; ic(0) = ~ 57.47. ig = —57,47.e80E TI, a iT) = = 10,85 A. Nhu vay, sau hai chu ky dong i¢. 4a xéc lap. Dang i, vist trude dong i. vé thi gian Ia 7/3. Dong iy = i — ig c. Céc dutng cong bidu dién i, ig, ig dude trinh bay trén hinh 95f, g, h. Dong iy. duge ve nhi cae biéu thiic (1’ + 4’) BAI SO 73 Nguii ta ding thiét bj bién tan dong hang lam ngubn nuoi mot dong ca khong dong b6 ba pha (hinh 96) oc cée 56 ligu dinh mute sau: 188P, = 1.1 KW, U, = 190 V (dién ap gidia hai day); cosp, = 08; = 0,8; £ = 60 Hz: X = wh = 4,22 @ (dign khang tan) a Ve cae ding dién ig, ig. iy b. Tinh tr} dink muic eda dong dign mot chiéu do khau trung gian cung cap Tay «. Tinh dién dung eda ty dién chuyén mach d. Tinh cae s6 lieu ein thiét dé chon cdc phin ti ban din cong suit. 4. Xie dinh dién chm L, n6i tiép véi méi tiristor dé han ché su bien déi ox diem 0 di ota dong dién tiristor neu F | yu = 100 Ajws. 189Bai gids a, Khoang din dong cla céc tiristor va dong dien cde pha tai duce trinh bay trén hinh 98, b. Xae dinh tri dinh muc cia dong dién mét chiéu do khau trung gian cung ciip Ty Cong suat trén truc dong co P, = 1100 W. Cong suat dong ca lay ti nguon cung cap: ¥3U,1,c08, Py = Tri higu dung cda dong dién pha tai P, 1100 = =~ = 522A 0,8.V3.190 . 0.8 l= —= = 1. V8U,c087, Dong dien pha tai 1A mot ham co chu ky 2L = 2x; ed dang "gan sin chit nhat™ Xét dong tai ig. Bi¢u thie gia tich cba ig IA mot chudt Fourier. Vie xée dinh cac sé hang Fourier sé thuan tign hon néu ta chon géc toa 49 nh trén hinh 97 st Ninh 97 Khai trién Fourier cia dong dién pha khong chita thank phan hang vi dién tich trong nita chu ky dyong bang dién tich trong nifa chu ky 4m, va f(x + 6). Tom lai: cing khong chia sé hang bac chan vi fl) = ig = bysind + bysindé +. + byginnd +...) 2 S30 b, = f Iysinnode trong do 7 1905, 7, 11, 12, + My dau +" doi vdin = 1, 11, 13, . lay dau "=" doi vain = 5, 7, 17, 19, Song ca hin cha dang dién pha R la , wv = ig = —— Iysind = V3I,sind 7” 1,28. 522 = 6,7 A. Mink 98 c. Tink dién dung cia tu din chuyén mach, Dwoi day sé xt mot qua trinh chuyén mach, vi du qua trinh chuyén dong dién tai I, tit pha R sang pha S cae sing co ban ctta ig, iy iy tao thanh hé dong dign xoay chidu ba 191pha déi xing Ching tao ra tit trugng quay trong stato dong co. Tir cae song co ban trén ed thé vé uy, Us vA Uy, xem hinh 99: uz = V2Usin (H+ 7/6) = V2Usin(a — 7/2) uy = v2Usin @ — 72/6), trong do U li tri hiéu dung eda dién ap pha GiA thiet T, va T, dang dan dong, iy = 1, recy BF tna = TU, =0 ty = -U, Khi @ = 4, cp xung mé T, (xem hinh 96). Tiristor nay md, dat dién Ap ua = — U, len 7), khién T, bi khda lai. Dong dién Ty lap tite chuyén sang T,, ri ré thanh hai nhanh: 2 — mhanh thi nhat la i,, = 3 1, nap diém cho C, theo chidu ngugc. nhanh thit hai A i. = iy = i Ty nap dién cho C, va C, (ngugc) Dong dig hai nhinh hop Iai chay qua D, vao pha R rdi ra tai pha T qua D, va Ty Yr = Yor + Yes =~ YU, Diot D, van con bi khéa Khi @ = 4): tg, = — Ups = — VUsin@, + 2/3) = -vBUsina. By = 0 Diot D, hit dau dan dong. Theo mach vong ABSRA cé thé viet uy = os Hu tug roar = ly = 0, @ trong de Mo ust — véUsina, @ Tai diém O° cia mach tdi ta cs! ig + ig + iy = 0. di, ai Lic nay i) = Ty do ds - P= (3) ‘Phé (2) va (3) vao (1) va Lay 4, lam gbe toa dd, ta cd: 192diy 2 a 2L— + = ij - ¥6Usina 6Usiniw as i 36 { iat ina + V6Usin(wt + @) = 0 Vi Uxs bien thién cham nhieu so vi uj, nén dé don gin viée tinh ton co thé xem sin(wt + @) = sina. Gusi cing ta c6 iy 1 + i ae” Buc Viet (4) duoi dang to’n tit Laplace RO, (a) PIP) ~ piyo) + w2Iy(p) = 0, trong 40 iO) = Ty 1 aLC w, la tan sé goe cong hidng ‘ {yip) = Pt, ptt iit) = Tycosa,t, 3) Biéu the nay lay géc toa dé tai 8, Dien ap trén tu dién C, Sigdt + vg (o zik 1 ay Y sinw,t — VéUsine, (6) Khi wt = 7/2 thi ip = 0, didt D, bi khoa lai, ig = Ty. Két thc qua inh chuyén dong dién tai tir pha R sang pha S Lue nay u,y = U, — V6U.sine Hoae U, = Qheyly - voUsine , i Tri cue dai cia dién ap trén tu dién chuyén mach (khi a = 37/2): LE Trong trutmg hap dang xét: Ty = 6,7 Ay» = 314 rad)110. V. L = 4,22 = 0,0134 H. Néu cho w, = Tw thi Un = 2. 1841047 . 814. 6,7 + VE110 = 664 V d. Tinh cac 36 lieu cin thiet: - Déi vai dist: VOU + U,,, = VE110 + 664 = 993,4 V 6.67 = 2224 + Doi véi tivistor: Usin = Ung = 664 V. T= Uy = 222A d, Xae dink Ly Hin oo 194DIEN TU CONG SUAT BAI TAP - BAI GIAI - UNG DUNG Toe UYEN BINH CC ri wh xu bis Poe. TH. TO BANG HAL Bien tp NGUYEN NGOC Stta ch& bin: PHAM VAN Ve bia: DANG NGOC QUANG NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC VA KY THUAT 70 Tran Hung Dao - Ha Noi Ue 500 cusn khd 16x24 em, tai Céng ty 68 phd In Hang khong Quyét dinh xudt ban sé 75-2007/CXB/241-02/KHKT In xong nOp lu chiéu auy 1/2008 195208021 a wm 41.000 Gia: 41000°

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