Gii Thiu v D n v Qun L D n

Trung Tm Vin Cng Ngh Chu ti Vit Nam (AITCV)

CHNG 1

GII THIU V D N V QUN L D N

1. GII THIU V D N
1.1. Mt s khi nim v d n

D n l g ? L mt qu trnh gm cc cng tc, nhim v c lin quan vi nhau, c thc hin

nhm t c mc tiu ra trong iu kin rng buc v thi gian, ngun lc v ngn sch.
Mi d n gm cc c im nh sau :
a. Mi d n phi c mt hoc mt s mc tiu r rng. Thng thng ngi ta c gng lng ho
mc tiu thnh ra cc ch tiu c th.
Mi d n l mt qu trnh to ra mt kt qu c th. Nu ch c kt qu cui cng m kt qu
khng phi l kt qu ca mt tin nh th kt qu khng c gi l d n.
b. Mi d n u c mt thi hn nht nh (thng < 3nm), ngha l phi c thi im bt u v
thi im kt thc.
D n c xem l mt chui cc hot ng nht thi. T chc ca d n mang tnh cht tm
thi, c to dng ln ong mt thi hn nht nh t c mc tiu ra, sau t chc
ny s gii tn hay thay i c cu t chc cho ph hp vi mc tiu mi.
Ngha l mi d n u c mt chu k hot ng. Chu k hot ng ca d n gm nhiu giai
on khc nhau:
+ Khi u d n
+ Trin khai d n
+ Kt thc d n

Giai on khi u (Initiation phase)

+ Khi nim (Conception):
+ nh ngha d n l g ? (Definition)
+ Thit k (Design)
+ Thm nh (Appraisal)
+ La chn (Selection)
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Gii Thiu v D An v Qun L D n

Trung Tm Vin Cng Ngh Chu ti Vit Nam (AITCV)

+ Bt u trin khai
Trin khai (Implementation phase)
+ Hoch nh (Planning)
+ Lp tin (Scheduling)
+ T chc cng vic (Organizing)
+ Gim st (Monitoring)
+ Kim sot (Controlling)
Kt thc (Termination phase)
+ Chuyn giao (Handover)
+ nh gi (Evaluation)
Chu k hot ng d n xy ra theo tin trnh chm - nhanh - chm
N lc thc hin d n trong cc giai on cng khc nhau

Mc n lc
ca DA
(Level of Effort)

C nhng d n khng tn ti qua giai on khi nim v inh ngha.

C nhng d n khi gn kt thc s chuyn sang d n mi nn n lc ca d n giai on
cui s khng bng khng.

Chi ph ca d n (Cost of project)

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G.v. Cao Ho Thi

Trung Tm Vin Cng Ngh Chu ti Vit Nam (AITCV)

Gii Thiu v D n v Qun L D n

giai on khi u > chi ph thp

giai on trin khai > chi ph tng
Cng v sau th chi ph cng tng
+ Vic rt ngn tin lm chi ph tng ln rt nhiu.
+ Theo thi gian tnh cht bt nh ca chi ph s tng dn ln
c. Mi d n u s dng ngun lc v ngun lc ny b hn ch. Ngun lc gm: nhn lc,
nguyn vt liu, ngn sch.
Th gii ca d n l th gii ca cc mu thun. Bt k mt d n no cng tn ti trong mt
th gii y mu thun (The World of Conflicts)
Mu thun u ra? + Gia cc b phn trong d n
+ Gia cc d n trong t chc m
+ Gia d n v khch hng
d. Mi d n u mang tnh c o (Unique) i vi mc tiu v vic phorng thc thc hin d
n. Khng c s lp li hon ton gia cc d n.
1.2 S khc bit gia chng trnh, d n v nhim v
Chng trnh (Program) l mt k hoch di hn bao gm nhiu d n. i khi v mt thut
ng, chng trnh c dng ng ngha vi d n.
D n (Project) l mt qu trnh gm cc cng tc, nhim v c lin quan vi nhau, c thc
hin nhm t c mc tiu ra trong iu kin rng buc v thi gian, ngun lc v ngn
sch.
Nhim v (Task) l n lc ngn hn trong vi tun hoc vi thng c thc hin bi mt t
chc no , ng thi t chc ny c th kt hp vi cc nhim v khc thc hin d n.

H thng
(System)
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Chng trnh 1
Chng trnh 2

D n 1
D n 2

Chng trnh i

D"n
i

Chng trnh n
(Program)

D n n
(Project)

Nhim v 1
Nhim v 2
Nhim v i
Nhim v n
(Task)

Trung Tm Vin Cng Ngh Chu ti Vit Nam (ATTCV)

1.3 S khc bit gia d n v phng ban chc nng

D n
1. C chu k hot ng r rng
2. Thi im bt u v kt thc theo
ngy lch
3. D n c th kt thc t ngt khi
khng t mc tiu
4. Do tnh c o ca d n, cng vic
khng b lp li
5. N lc tng hp c hon thnh
trong rng buc v thi gian v
ngun lc
6. Vic d bo thi gian hon thnh v
chi ph gp kh khn
7. Lin quan n nhiu k nng v k
lut trong nhiu t chc v thay i
theo giai on d n
8. T l v loi chi ph thay i lin tc
9. Bn cht nng ng

Gii Thiu v D An v Qun L D n

Phng ban chc nng

1. Tn ti lu di, t nm ny sang nm
khc
2. Khng c c im c th lin quan
n ngy lch (ngoi tr ngn sch ti
chnh hng nm)
3. Tn ti lin tc
4. Thc hin cc cng vic v chc
nng bit
5. Cng vic ti a c thc hin vi
ngn sch sn / trn hng nm
(ceiling budget)
6. Tng i n gin
7. Ch lin quan n mt vi k nng v
k lut trong mt t chc
8. Tng i n nh
9. Bn cht n nh

Cc loi d n
a. D n hp ng (Contractual project) - Sn xut sn phm
- Dch v
b. D n nghin cu v pht trin (R & D Project)
c. D n xy dng (Contruction Project)
d. D n h thng thng tin (Information System Project)
e. D n o to v qun l (Management & Trainning Project)
f. D n bo dng ln (Major Maintenance Project)
g. D n vin tr pht trin / phc li cng cng (Public / Welfare / Development Project)
2. Gii THIU V QUN LY D AN
1.4

2.1. Qun l d n (Project Management)

Qun l d n l mt qu trnh hoch nh (Planning), t chc (Organizing), lnh o
(Leading/Decting) v kim tra (Controlling) cc cng vic v ngun lc hon thnh cc mc
tiu nh.
2.2. Cc tiu chun nh gi vic qun l d n

Thnh qu
Yu cu v
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Mc tiu G.v. Cao Ho Thi

Chi nh

Gii Thiu v D An v Qun L D n

Trung Tm Vin Cng Ngh Chu ti Vit Nam (AITCV)

Mt d n thnh cng c cc c im sau :

Hon thnh trong thi hn quy inh (Within Time)
Hon thnh trong chi ph cho php (Within Cost)
t c thnh qu mong muon (Design Performance)
S dng ngun lc c giao mt cch :
+ Hiu qu (Effective)
+ Hu hiu (Efficiency)

Nhng tr lc trong qun l d n (Obstacles in Project Management)

2.3.

phc tp ca d n
Yu cu c bit ca khch hng
Cu trc li t chc
Ri ro ong d n
Thay i cng ngh
K hoch v gi c c nh

2.4.

Cc chc nng qun l d n

a.

Chc nng hoch nh

> Xc nh ci g cn phi lm ?
- Xc nh mc tiu
- nh phng hng chin lc
- Hnh thnh cng c t n mc tiu trong gii hn v ngun lc v phi ph hp
vi mi trng hot ng.

b.

Chc nng t chc

> Quyt nh cng vic c tin hnh nh th no ?
> L cch thc huy ng v sp xp cc ngun lc mt cch hp l thc hin k hoch
- Lm vic g ?
-Ai lm?
- Phi hp cng vic ra sao ?
- Ai bo co cho ai ?
- Ch no cn ra qut nh ?
(C th ha ra s o t chc)

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G.v. Cao Ho Thi

Gii Thiu v D An v Qun L D n

Trang Tm Vin Cng Ngh Chu ti Vit Nam (Arrcv)

c. Chc nng lnh o

- ng vin, hng dn phi hp nhn vin.
- Chn la mt knh thng tin hiu qu.
- X l cc mu thun ong t chc.
> Nhm t c cc mc tiu ra ca t chc.
d. Chc nng kim sot
Nhm m bo cc hot ng c thc hin theo k hoch v hng n mc tiu.
Kim sot = Gim st + So snh + Sa sai.

3. GII THIU V NH QUN L D N (PROJECT MANAGER - PM)

PM : L ngi chu trch nhim ong vic QLDA
3.1. Vai tr v trch nhim ca nh QLDA (PMs Role & Responsibility)
a. V tr ca nh QLDA trong bi cnh chung ca d n

Parent Organization

Project Team
(T D n)

Client/Beneficiary
(Ngi hng th t DA)

PM sng trong mt th gii y mu thun:

Cc d n cnh tranh v ngun lc
Mu thun gia cc thnh vin ong d n
Khch hng mun thay i yu cu
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G.v. Cao Ho Thi

Trung Tm Vin Cng Ngh Chu ti Vit Nam (AITCV)

Gii Thiu v D An v Qun L D n

Cc nh qun l ca t chc M mun gim chi ph

> Ngi qun l gii s phi gii quyt nhiu mu thun ny
b. Vai tr ca nh qun l d n
Qun l cc mi quan h gia ngi v ngi trong cc t chc ca DA
Phi duy tr s cn bng gia chc nng :
- Qun l d n
- K thut ca d n
ng u vi ri ro trong qu trnh QLDA
Tn ti vi iu kin rng buc ca d n
> PM phi lp k hoch, t chc, lnh o v kim tra.
Vai tr ca nh qun l chc nng (Functional Manager)
Lm th no hon thnh nhim v (How)
Nhim v c hon thnh u ? (Where)
> Nh qun l chc nng s cung cp y ngun lc hon thnh mc tiu ra bong
iu kin gii hn ca d n
c. Trch nhim ca nh QLDA.

Cost

PM phi gii quyt c mi lin h gia 3 yu t : Chi ph, Thi gian v Cht lng
3.2. Cc k nng v phm cht ca PM
a. Cc k nng (Required Skills)

Trung Tm Vin Cng Ngh Chu ti Vit Nam (Arrcv)

Gii Thiu v D An v Qun L D n

b. Phm cht ca nh QLDA

Tht th v chnh trc (Honesty & Integrity)

Kh nng ra quyt nh (Decision Making Ability)
Hiu bit cc vn v con ngi (Understanding of Personal Problem)
Tnh cht linh hot, a nng, nhiu ti (Versatility)

c. Chn la PM :
Generalist > Specialist
Bit tng qut > chuyn su
Synthesizer > Analyst
Mang u c tng hp > mang u c phn tch
Facilatator > Supervisor
Ngi lm cho mi vic d dng ( sn sng hp tc) > Gim st

Ty theo quy m ca d n m cc tnh cht ny s thay i

Yu cu

K nng quan h

Cu hi:
Ai l ngi thch hp vi qun l d n ?
> Tr li:
By Training, Experience & Educational Background
> Loi ngi + Industrial Engineer
+ Engineering Manager

PM 1. doc

G.v. Cao Ho Thi