Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MIMO Systems
Mattias Wennstrm
Uppsala University
Sweden
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
Outline
Introduction...why MIMO??
Shannon capacity of MIMO systems Telatar, AT&T 1995
The pipe interpretation
To exploit the MIMO channel
BLAST Foschini, Bell Labs 1996
Space Time Coding Tarokh, Seshadri & Calderbank 1998
Beamforming
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
outdoor
Specular Scattering
channels
channels
indoor
Phased array
range extension,
interference reduction
Adaptive Antennas
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
interference cancellation
MIMO
Systems
(diversity)
Initial Assumptions
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
H21
PT
*
C log 2 det I 2 HH
nt
= log2[1+(PT/s2)|H|2]
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
[bit/(Hzs)]
H = [ H11 H21]
[bit/(Hzs)]
H11
H12
H21
H12
H 22
H22
Cdiversity = log2det[I +(PT/2s2 )HH]=
P
P
log 2 1 T 2 1 log 2 1 T 2 2
2s
2s
Interpretation:
Transmitter
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
Receiver
H known at TX
P
C log 2 det I 2T HH *
s nt
PT
log 2 1 2 i
i 1
s nt
p
C log 2 1 i 2 i
s
i 1
m
1
PT pi
i
i 1
i 1
m min( nr , nt )
p1
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
p2
p3
p4
1
2
3
4
P
Cdiversity log 2 1 2T i min(nt , nr ) log 2 (1 PT / s 2 nt )
i 1
s nt
m
Transmitter
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
Receiver
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
nr=1
nr= nt
Time
s1 s1 s1 s1 s1 s1
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
V-BLAST
s3 s3 s3 s3 s3 s3
s0 s1 s2 s0 s1 s2
s0 s1 s2 s0 s1
s0 s1 s2 s0
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
D-BLAST
nr nt required
Symbol by symbol detection.
Using nulling and symbol
cancellation
V-BLAST implemented -98
by Bell Labs (40 bps/Hz)
If one pipe is bad in BLAST
we get errors ...
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
Constellation
mapper
Data in
STBC
Block of K
symbols
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
nt transmit
antennas
c0
[ c0 c1 ]
c1
c1*
*
c0
Time
Assume 1 RX antenna:
r0 h1c0 h2 c1 n0
r1 h1c1* h2 c0* n1
r Hc n
r0
r * ,
r1
h1
H *
h2
h2
,
*
h1
n0
n * ,
n1
c0
c
c1
2
*
*
*
~
~
r H r H Hc H n H F c n
|| H ||F2 = 1 2
1 2
s1
0
s3
*
s2
*
s3
s2
s1
s3
s3*
s1*
s2
s3
s2*
0
s1*
SNR
log 2 1
H
n
t
SNR
Optimal capacity
STBC is optimal
wrt capacity if
HH = || H ||F2
which is the case for
MISO systems
Low rank channels
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
The PDF of
|| H ||F2 = 1 2 .. m
4SNR
nr nt
2nr nt 1
nr nt
Diversity gain
nrnt which is
same as for
orthogonal
channels
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
SNR
Cbeamforming = log2(1+SNR1)
[bit/(Hzs)]
Comparisons...
2 * 2 system. With specular component (Ricean fading)
One dominating
eigenvalue. BF puts
all energy into
that pipe
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
2 modes
s1
Closed loop (1 bit / slot feedback)
Submode 1 (1 phase bit)
Submode 2 (3 phase bits / 1 gain bit)
s0*
Block
S1(t)
Time reversal
Complex conjugate
Time reversal
Complex conjugate
S(t)
S2(t)
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group
-1
Mattias
Wennstrm
Signals &
Systems Group