http://www.ctu.edu.

vn/colleges/tech/det/staffs/tnkhoan

Tun t 22_09_08 n 28_09_08

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Ni dung
)

Truyn n cng, song cng, topology, phng php truyn

Truyn ni tip bt ng b

Truyn ni tip ng b & m ng truyn (line code)

Mt s loi m truyn: m nh phn, m nn, m pht hin li,...

Xc nh t l bit li (BER: Bit Rate Error)

GV: Tr
Trn Nh
Nht Kh
Khi Ho
Hon

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 1

Truyn n cng

Pht

Chiu truyn d liu

Thu

) Thng tin ch truyn theo mt chiu: Mt thit b ch truyn,

thit b cn li ch nhn
) Khng th yu cu pht li khi c li
) Pha thu thng trang b thit b hin th thng tin nhn c

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 2

Truyn song cng

C 2 loi: bn song cng (half duplex)
song cng ton phn (full duplex)
Half-duplex
Cho php thng tin theo 2 hng,
nhng ch 1 hng 1 thi im

Full-duplex
Cho php thng tin theo 2
hng cng 1 thi im
Bi ging Truyn d liu

Ngun nh: en.wikipedia.org

Slide 3

Hnh trng mng (Topology)

) im - im (Point to Point)
) a im (Multi-Point)

Mt s Topo
mng a im

Ngun nh: Nguyn Trung Lp - Gio trnh Truyn d liu

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 4

Hai phng php truyn

Phn bit:
) Truyn di nn (Base band): Tn hiu truyn c
cng di tn vi tn hiu ngun
) Phng php iu ch: cho php di ph tn
ca tn hiu ngun n mt di tn s khc ph
hp vi knh truyn

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 5

Truyn ni tip bt ng b
Mt s khi nim:
Phn t nh nht trong truyn d liu l bit
Tng 8 bit nhm thnh cc byte hoc k t (character)
Cc byte hoc k t c t chc thnh cc khung (frame)

3 Mode ng b truyn:
im bt u mi chu k bit = ng b bit (ng h)
im bt u mi byte hoc k t = ng b byte (k t)
im bt u mi khung = ng b khung

) 2 mode truyn: bt ng b (Asynchronous) v ng b (Synchronous)

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 6

Truyn ni tip bt ng b

ng b gia 2 bn khng c duy tr trong sut phin truyn, ch thit lp khi

c d liu truyn

D liu c truyn di dng tng k t (hoc byte)

K t (hoc byte) c ng gi thnh 1 khung (frame) bt u bng 1 start bit

v kt thc stop bit

Vic ng b c thit lp Start bit v kt thc Stop bit

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 7

3 mode ng b

ng b bit
ng b k t (byte)
ng b khung

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 8

ng b bit

Nguyen ly hoat ong

Ch : Bit LSB (Least Significant Bit) lun c truyn i trc
Ngun nh: Nguyn Trung Lp - Gio trnh Truyn d liu

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 9

ng b bit

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 10

ng b k t (byte)

K t (hoc byte) d liu c ng khung bng 1

start bit v kt thc khung bng 1 stop bit

Vic ng b byte c thit lp Start bit v kt

thc Stop bit

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 11

ng b khung
Cc thng ip gm khi cc k t khung tin
Cc k t (byte) c truyn thi im bt k ni thu

khng nhn bit c lc no l kt thc 1 khung d liu

) ng khung k t (khung tin) bng cc k t c bit: STX (Start of

Text) v ETX (End of Text)

D liu nh phn c th bao gm cc k t c bit STX, ETX

) Dng thm k t DLE (Data Link Escape) khung trong sut
) khung trong sut bt u bng DLE STX v kt thc bng DLE ETX

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 12

2 trng hp ng b khung

Cu trc ca khung tin khng cha k t c bit

Cu trc ca khung tin c cha k t c bit

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 13

Tun t 06_10_08 n 12_10_08

Truyn ni tip ng b

Truyn bt ng b hiu sut thp do s dng cc bit start, stop:

khong 70% truyn ng b

2 phng thc truyn ng b: hng k t (d liu l k t)

v hng bit (d liu nh phn)

2 phng thc u c chung phng php ng b bit:
) ng b bit bng m ho ng truyn v khi phc clock
) ng b bng DPLL
) Ghp gia m ho ng truyn v DPLL
Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 14

ng b dng m ng truyn (line code)

Transmitter

Receiver

Clock
encoder

PISO
...

TxD

RxD

Local
clock

Clock
extract

SIPO
...

Vic tch xung ng h ti ni thu cn c vo s chuyn mc

ca m ng truyn
Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 15

Mt s m ng truyn (line code)

Phn loi line code

Ngun: Trn Vn S - Truyn s liu v Mng TT s

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 16

Mt s m ng truyn (line code)

Ngun nh: Nguyn Trung Lp - Gio trnh Truyn d liu

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 17

Mt s m ng truyn (line code)

Ngun: Trn Vn S - Truyn s liu v Mng TT s

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 18

Khc phc AMI dng B8ZS & HDB3

AMI c nhc im khi d
liu l chui bit 0 ko di
B8ZS (Bipolar 8-zero Substitution)
thay chui 8 bit 0 bng 2 vi
phm lut o bit 1
HDB3 (High-Density Bipolar)
thay chui 4 bit 0 lin tc
bng 1 vi phm lut o bit
1 ca AMI
(a) s bit 1 trc l
(b) s bt 1 trc chn
Ngun: Trn Vn S - Truyn s liu v Mng TT s

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 19

ng b dng Digital PLL

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 20

ng b dng Digital PLL

V tr cac
chuyen tiep
Luong bit thu
c, RxD

32 x CLK

32 chu ky

32 chu ky

Xung lay mau

tn hieu, RxC

Trng hp ly tng

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 21

ng b dng Digital PLL

V tr cac
chuyen tiep

B C D E

10

4 4 4 10

Luong bit thu

c, RxD
32 x CLK
32 chu ky

32+1
32-1
32-2
32
32+2
chu
chu
chu
ky
kyky

Xung lay mau

tn hieu, RxC

Trng hp ly tng hiu chnh pha

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 22

2 phng thc truyn ng b

) Hng k t (d liu l k t): Dng cc k t

c bit ng khung d liu truyn

) Hng bit (d liu nh phn): dng c (flag)

ng khung d liu truyn

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 23

ng b hng k t
Hng truyen

Time

ETX

SYN SYN STX

ong bo ky t

au khung

D lieu cua khung

Cuoi khung

Cu trc khung khng c k t c bit

Hng truyen

SYN SYN DLE STX

ong bo ky t au khung

Time

DLEDLE
D lieu cua khung

DLE ETX
Cuoi khung

Cu trc khung c k t c bit

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 24

ng b hng k t
Hng truyen

Time

....00011010000110100001101000010000000110....

01101000

Qua trnh ong bo ky t.

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 25

ng b hng k t
Hng truyen

Time

....00011010000110100001101000010000000110....

01101000

Qua trnh ong bo ky t

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 26

ng b hng k t
Hng truyen

Time
SYN

....00011010000110100001101000010000000110....

= 01101000

Qua trnh ong bo ky t.

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 27

ng b hng k t
Hng truyen

Time

SYN
SYN
....00011010000110100001101000010000000110....

= 01101000

Qua trnh ong bo ky t.

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 28

ng b hng k t
Hng truyen

Time
SYN

SYN

STX

....00011010000110100001101000010000000110....

= 01000000

Qua trnh ong bo ky t.

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 29

ng b hng k t
Hng truyen

Time

SYN
SYN
STX
....00011010000110100001101000010000000110....

Data cua
khung

Qua trnh ong bo ky t.

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 30

ng b hng bit
ng b hng k t c hiu sut thp do s dng DLE
C 3 gii php ng b hng bit:
) S dng c (flag) u khung v c cui khung (01111110)
) S dng c u khung (10101011) v di khung (Length)
) S dng cc bit vi phm (JK0JK000, JK1JK111 )

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 31

ng b dng c u v cui khung

Ngun: Trn Vn S - Truyn s liu v Mng TT s

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 32

ng b dng c u v cui khung

Time

Hng truyen
Data truyen
100111110110100001111111...
Chen bit 0

Chen bit 0

C au

C cuoi

01111110 10011111001101000011111011...01111110

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 33

ng b dng c u v di khung

1 0 1 0 1 0 . . . 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 Header Length
Phan ong bo bit
(Preamble - 10
bit)

au khung

uoi

Data

o dai khung

o dai co nh

o dai co nh

S o nay thng c s dung trong cac LAN.

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 34

ng b s dng cc bit vi phm

101010...10JK0JK000
Phan ong bo bit
(preamble 10 bit)

JK1JK111

au khung

Data cua khung

Cuoi khung

S dung ma Manchester, c au va cuoi

S o nay thng c s dung trong cac LAN.

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 35

Mt s loi m truyn

) M nh phn: Baudot, EBCDIC, ASCII,...

) M pht hin li, sa li: kim tra chn l, CRC,
Hamming, ...
) M nn: Huffman, Runlength, vi phn,...

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 36

M nh phn

) Baudot
) ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
) EBCDIC - Exteded Binary Code Decimal Interchange Code

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 37

M Baudot
) M 5 bits, c pht minh bi Emile Baudot (ngi Php) nm 1870
) S dng trong h thng in tn (Telegraph)

http://home.austin.rr.com/kinghome/signpage/baudot.html

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 38

M ASCII
) M 7 bits, l m chun dng trong trao i thng tin ca M
) Cng b ln u bi ASA (American Standards Association,
nay l ANSI) vo nm 1963
) L b k t v m k t da trn bng ch ci La Tinh
) Dng hin th vn bn trong my tnh v cc thit b thng tin
khc
) v dng trong cc thit b iu khin

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 39

Bng M ASCII

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 40

M EBCDIC
(Exteded Binary Code Decimal Interchange Code)

) M 8 bits, c ngh bi IBM nm 1963 & 1964

) S dng cho h thng my tnh ln (Mainframe) ca IBM
) Vn cn s dng ti ngy nay do s tng thch vi cc
mainframe th h trc
) Khc bit so vi ASCII l m cc k t alphabet khng lin
tc gy kh chu khi s dng

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 41

Bng M EBCDIC

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 42

Bng M EBCDIC

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 43

M pht hin li, sa li

) Kim tra chn l

) Kim tra khi BSC (Block Sum Check)
) Kim tra CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
) M Hamming (sa 1 li)

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 44

Kim tra chn l

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 45

Kim tra khi BSC

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 46

Trng hp BSC ko pht hin li

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 47

Kim tra CRC

CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check
Nguyn tc to m: khung truyn gm
) M: k bit d liu
) F: n bit kim tra FCS (Frame Check Sequence)
) T = 2n.M+F: khung truyn (n+k) bit chia ht cho chui kim tra P

(n+1) bit

Ni thu s kim tra li bng cch chia T cho P, nu chia

khng ht th chui nhn c l c li

Ngun: V Trng Sn - C s k thut truyn s liu - Chg 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 48

Cch to CRC

T = 2n.M+F
F c to bng cch di chui M (k bit) sang tri n bit,
Chia chui 2n.M cho chui kim tra P (n+1) bit,
S d ca php chia chnh l F (n bit)

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 49

V d v cch to CRC

Ngun: Nguyn Trung Lp - Gio trnh Truyn d liu

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 50

Mt s a thc sinh P(x) thng dng

Cc chui P thng biu din bng 1 a thc theo bin x

P(x) gi l a thc sinh

Bc ca x ch trng s,v h s l cc s nh phn
V d: chui 1101 c biu din l: x3 + x2 + 0.x1 + 1
4 a thc sinh P(x) thng dng:

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 51

M sa li - Hamming
Vi mi s nguyn dng m 3, tn ti m Hamming vi cc
thng s sau:
) Chiu di t m: n = 2m 1.
) Chiu di phn tin: k = 2m m 1.
) Chiu di phn kim tra: m = n k
) Kh nng sa sai: t = 1 (dmin =3)
) Ma trn kim tra H vi cc ct l mt vector m chiu
khc khng
Ngun: Phm Hng Lin - L thuyt thng tin

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 52

To m Hamming
Ma trn kim tra:

Cc bit kim tra x, y, z t v tr 2i vi i = 0, 1, 2, . . .,

t = (x, y, u0, z, u1, u2, u3), vi u0, u1, u2, u3 l cc bit mang tin
tm x, y, z: ta c t.HT = 0 x, y, z

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 53

Tnh cc bit kim tra

Ngun: Phm Hng Lin - L thuyt thng tin

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 54

Gii m Hamming

Ngun: Phm Hng Lin - L thuyt thng tin

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 55

M nn d liu

) Huffman, Shanon, Fano,...

) Runlength,
) M vi phn,...

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 56

M Huffman
T m di ngn khc nhau ph thuc xc sut xut hin ca n

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Ngun nh: Phm Hng Lin - L thuyt thng tin

Slide 57

Tnh kinh t ca m Huffman

) Tiu chun kinh t:

H(u )
Entropy ngun
=
chiu di TB t m
n
H(u ) = p i log 2 p i
i

n = pi n i
i

) cng tin ti 1 tnh kinh t ca m cng cao

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 58

M Runlength
) Thay th chui bit 0s (hoc 1s) lin tip bng mt s nh phn
) Ch hiu qu khi chui d liu cha nhiu 1 loi bit no
) V d: M Runlength dng 4 bits nh phn thay th cc chui
bits 0 lin tip:

Ngun nh: Nguyn Trung Lp - Truyn d liu - Chng 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 59

Mt s nhn xt v m Runlength
) 1 bit 1 gia cc chui bit 0 s khng c m,
) 2 bit 1 lin tip xem nh 1 chui gm khng bit 0 gia,
) Nu s s 0 nhiu hn 15: 20=15+5; 30=15+15+0. My thu khi

gp chui bn bit 1 th ly tng s ny vi cc s pha sau,

(trng hp sau s 30)
) Nu chui bt u bng 1,my pht s gi i 4 bit 0 u tin,
) Cui bn tin, tn hiu bo chm dt bn tin v nh my thu

bit cch x l cho trng hp bn tin kt thc bi chui bit 0

hay bit 1.
Tham kho: Nguyn Trung Lp - Truyn d liu - Chng 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 60

M vi phn - differential encoding

) Ch truyn s sai khc gia 2 khung d liu lin tip,

) Ch hiu qu khi sai khc gia 2 khung khng ng k,
) V d ng dng: m tn hiu hnh nh trong k thut video.

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 61

V d M vi phn

Ngun nh: Nguyn Trung Lp - Truyn d liu - Chng 3

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 62

T l bit li BER (Bit Rate Error)

Ngun: Chi Wai Chow - Lecture9 - National Chiao Tung University

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 63

T l bit li BER (Bit Rate Error)

Ngun: Chi Wai Chow - Lecture9 - National Chiao Tung University

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 64

T l bit li BER (Bit Rate Error)

Tnh BER theo hm phn b xc sut Gaussian
(Gaussian probability distribution function)
=

1 n
xi x
n 1 i =1

1 n
x = xi
n i =1

Q=

I1 I0
1 + 0

BER =

1
Q
erfc

2
2

Tham kho: Govind P.Agrawal, Fiber Optics Communication

Systems, Third Edition, 2002 chapter 4 - page 164
erfc: Complementary error function

Bi ging Truyn d liu

Slide 65