CH 1

dce
2008
K Thut Truyn S Liu
BK
TP.HCM
dce
2008
Gii thiu
Mn hc
M s: 504003
S tn ch: 4
Mn hc trc: khng
Ging vin
Phan nh Khi
Khoa Khoa hc v K thut my tnh
khoi@cse.hcmut.edu.vn (8647256 ext. 6227)
http://cse.hcmut.edu.vn/~khoi
Data Communication and Computer Networks
2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu
dce
2008
Gii thiu mn hc
ng lc
S pht trin v bo ca cc ng dng my tnh
S cn thit ca vic trao i thng tin gia cc ni, gia cc my tnh
Mc ch
Gii thiu cc khi nim, thut ng v cc phng php tip cn c dng
trong cc h thng truyn d liu
Hiu vic truyn s liu gia 2 thit b v cc vn lin quan
Hiu vic truyn d liu qua mng gia 2 thit b thng qua mt nghi thc giao
tip
Gii thiu mt s mng truyn s liu c s dng hin nay
i tng
Sinh vin chuyn ngnh c kin thc v thit k mch, cu trc my tnh, ngn
ng lp trnh cp cao
K s chuyn ngnh
nh gi
Kim tra gia k: 20%
Thc hnh: 20%
Kim tra cui k: 60%
dce
2008
Ni dung mn hc
Tng quan v truyn s liu v mng truyn s liu

Truyn dn s liu
K thut m ha tn hiu
K thut truyn d liu s
iu khin lp lin kt d liu
Ghp/tch knh
Chuyn mch mch v chuyn mch gi
Ch truyn bt ng b
Tm ng trong mng chuyn mch
iu khin nghn mch trong mng chuyn mch
d liu
dce
2008
Ti liu tham kho
[1] Tp slide bi ging, TS. inh c Anh V, 2008

[2] Data and Computer Communications William Stallings
[3] Data Communications, Computer Networks and Open Systems Fred Halsall
ISDN & B-ISDN William Stallings

ATM Foundations for Broadband Networks Uyless Black
Data Communications William L. Schweber
Data communications and teleprocessing systems Trevor Housley
Data communication technology James Martin
Cng ngh ATM v CDMA LG Information & Communications
Lecture notes for M.Sc. Data Communication Networks and Distributed Systems D51 -Basic Communications and Networks - Saleem N. Bhatti - Department of Computer Science
- University College London - October 1994
Lecture notes for DATA COMMUNICATIONS, v4.0 Brian Brown, 1995-2001.
Fiber Optics Communication and Other Applications Henry Zanger & Cynthia Zanger.
Wireless Networked Communications Concepts, Technology and Implementation Regis J.
Bates.
Practical digital and data communications with LSI applications Paul Bates
dce
2008
Chng 1
Tng quan v truyn s liu v
mng truyn s liu
BK
TP.HCM
M hnh h thng truyn d liu

Truyn s liu
Mng truyn s liu
Kin trc truyn s liu dng my tnh
dce
2008
S khi tng qut (m hnh Shannon)
ng dng d liu
ng dng m thanh, ting ni
ng dng video
ng dng thi gian thc
V d
dce
2008

H thng truyn d liu l g?
D liu: biu din s liu, khi nim, di dng thch hp cho vic
giao tip, x l, din gii
Thng tin: ngha c gn cho d liu
Tp hp cc thit b c kt ni thng qua mt mi trng truyn
dn
dce
2008
Cc tc v chnh
S dng h thng truyn dn

Chia s ng truyn hiu qu gia nhiu thit b, chng nghn mch
Giao tip gia thit b vi h thng truyn

To tn hiu
C kh nng truyn dn trong mi trng truyn
Bn nhn phi hiu c d liu
ng b gia bn truyn v bn nhn

Qun l vic trao i d liu
Cc giao thc truyn d liu
V d: thc hin cuc gi in thoi
iu khin dng d liu

Pht hin v sa li
nh v a ch v tm ng
Khi phc
Khi phc li trng thi c ca h thng khi c li lm ngt qung
nh dng thng tin

Bo mt
Qun tr mng
Ci t h thng, qun l trng thi, x l li, c k hoch nng cp trong tng lai
dce
2008
H thng truyn d liu

Ti sao phi dng h thng truyn d liu
Chia s ti nguyn
My in
a/bng t
Cng sut tnh ton
Tp hp d liu
Phn tn ti
Tnh ton song song
Tnh ton theo m hnh client-server
Fault tolerance
Chuyn thng tin
Giao dch c s d liu

Th in t
Game
Phn tn d liu trn mng lu tr
10
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2008
CERN
11
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2008
Truyn s liu
Lin quan n cc vn truyn d liu s dng th
Truyn dn d liu (data transmission)

M ha d liu (data encoding)
K thut trao i d liu s (digital data communication)
iu khin lin kt d liu (data link control)
Phn hp (multiplexing)
Lin kt (link) hoc mch (circuit)
Knh (channel)
12
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2008
Mng truyn s liu

Giao tip im-im
thng khng thc t
Cc thit b cch xa
nhau
S kt ni tng ng k
khi s cc thit b cn
giao tip ln
Mng truyn s liu

Phn loi da vo
phm vi hot ng
13
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2008
Mng truyn s liu

Mng cc b (Local-Area Networks LAN)
c tnh
Tm vc nh (ta nh, nhiu ta nh)
Thng c s hu bi 1 cng ty, t chc
Tc cao hn WAN
Phn loi
Switch LAN (Ethernet)

Wireless LAN
ATM LAN
Xem chi tit trong [2], phn 4
14
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2008
Mng truyn s liu

Building A
LAN 1
Site-wide (backbone) LAN

LAN 3
LAN 2
Building B
= PC, Work station
Building C
= Brige (cau)
a) ng dung trong van phong
15
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2008
Mng truyn s liu

Mng din rng (Wide-Area Networks WAN)
Khc nh th no so vi mng LAN?
Trin khai theo din rng
Da vo cc mch truyn dn cng cng
Cng ngh
Chuyn mch mch in (circuit-switching)
ng truyn dn dnh ring gia 2 node mng
Chuyn mch gi (packet-switching)

Khng c dnh ring ng truyn dn
Mi gi i theo ng khc nhau
Chi ph ng truyn cao khc phc cc li truyn dn
Frame Relay
c dng trong chuyn mch gi c tc li thp
Tc ln n 2 Mbps
ATM
Ch truyn bt ng b (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
Dng cc gi c kch thc c nh (gi l cell)
Tc ln n Gbps
ISDN
Mng s cc dch v tch hp (Integrated Services Digital Network)
16
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2008
Mng truyn s liu

Mt cch phn loi khc
Da vo kin trc v k thut dng trao i d
liu
Mng chuyn mch (switched networks)
Mng chuyn mch mch in
Mng chuyn mch gi
Mng pht tn (broadcast networks)

Mng radio gi (packet radio net.)
Mng v tinh (satellite net.)
Mng cc b (local net.)
17
dce
2008
Chng 1
Tng quan v truyn s liu v
mng truyn s liu
BK
TP.HCM

Truyn s liu
Mng truyn s liu
Kin trc truyn s liu dng my tnh
dce
2008
V d kin trc phn cp
19
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2008
Kin trc truyn thng my tnh

ng dng truyn file
Ngun thit lp kt ni (bo cho mng bit u l ch)
Ngun m bo ch sn sng nhn d liu
ng dng truyn file trn h/t ngun phi m bo chng trnh qun l
file trn h/t ch sn sng nhn v lu tr file
Nu nh dng file dng trn 2 h/t khng tng thch, mt hoc c 2 h/t
phi thc hin chc nng chuyn i
Tc v giao tip c phn nh thnh cc mun

V d, truyn file c th c phn thnh 3 mun
Truyn file
Dch v giao tip
Truy xut mng
20
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2008
Nghi thc giao tip (protocol)

Dng giao tip gia cc
thc th trong mt h thng
Thc th
C kh nng gi/nhn thng
tin
ng dng ngi dng
Th in t
Thit b u cui
H thng
i tng vt l, cha mt
hoc nhiu thc th
My tnh
Thit b u cui
Cm bin t xa
Cc thnh phn chnh ca

mt nghi thc giao tip
Ng php (syntax)
nh dng d liu
Mc tn hiu
Ng ngha (semantic)
Thng tin iu khin
X l li
nh thi (timing)
ng b
Tun t
Phi cng ni mt ngn ng
21
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2008
M hnh n gin 3 lp
Lp truy xut mng
Lp vn chuyn
Lp ng dng
22
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2008
Lp truy xut mng

Trao i d liu gia my tnh v mi trng
mng
Cung cp a ch my nhn, tm ng i
Yu cu cc dch v t mi trng mng
(priority)
Ph thuc vo loi mng ang s dng (LAN,
chuyn mch gi, mch)
23
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2008
Lp vn chuyn
m nhn vic truyn d liu tin cy
D liu n ng a ch
Theo th t gi
Khng ph thuc vo loi kt ni mng bn

di
Khng ph thuc vo ng dng
24
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2008
Lp ng dng
Cung cp cho cc ng dng cc dch v
truy cp mng
Web browser: HTTP
Email: SMTP
File: FTP
25
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2008
Kin trc 3 lp
26
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2008
Protocol data unit (PDU)

Ti mi lp c nhiu protocol c s dng
D liu ngi dng phi c thm vo cc thng tin iu
khin ti mi lp
Lp vn chuyn c th chia nh d liu ngi dng
27
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2008
Hot ng ca kin trc 3 lp
28
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2008
Tiu chun ha
Cn thit cho cc tc v lin thng gia cc thit b

Cc t chc chun ha
Electronics Industries Association EIA: hip hi cc nh sn xut M, a ra chun
RS232 v cc chun tng t
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE (http://www.ieee.org): t chc nh
ngh ca cc k s in-in t (IEEE-754: chun cho s chm ng)
International Telecommunications Union ITU (http://www.itu.ch): iu phi cc chun
tm quc t, cp pht tn s vin thng v tinh
American National Standards Institute ANSI (http://www.ansi.org): i din cho mt s t
chc chun ha M (chun cho k t ASCII)
International Organization for Standards ISO (http://www.iso.ch): c nhiu chun lin
quan n my tnh, i din M l ANSI (ISO9000 l chun lin quan bo him cht
lng)
u im
Bo m th trng ln cho cc thit b v cc phn mm
Cho php cc sn phm ca cc nh cung cp c th giao tip vi nhau
Nhc im
Hn ch s pht trin cng ngh
C th c nhiu chun cho cng mt cng ngh
29
dce
2008
Tiu chun ha
H thng kn (s hu ring)
c nh ngha bi mt vi nh sn xut my tnh
Ch lin quan n vic truyn d liu trong mt my tnh hoc gia my tnh
vi cc thit b ngoi vi
H thng nhiu nh cung cp (thng mi ha)
c nh ngha bi mt s nh cung cp dch v vin thng

SNA (IBM), IPX (Novel), ...
V-series: kt ni gia DTE v modem kt ni vi PSTN
X-series: kt ni gia DTE v PSDN
I-series: kt ni gia DTE v ISDN
H thng DoD
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
H thng m
c nh ngha bi ISO
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
30
dce
2008
M hnh DoD
Pht trin bi DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) cho mng chuyn
mch gi ARPANET (sau ny l Internet)
Sp xp phn cp ca cc thc th c kh nng giao tip vi cc thc th ngang cp trong
mt h thng khc
Trong mt h thng, mt thc th cung cp dch v cho cc thc th khc v cng s dng
dch v ca cc thc th khc
Nhn mnh vo internetworking, ngha l, khi 2 thc th giao tip khng ni chung mt mng
Quan tm c h thng hng n kt ni v khng kt ni
Bao gm cc ng dng: trao i file (FTP, RCP), m phng terminal (telnet, rlogin), chia s
v truy cp file phn tn (NFS), thc thi lnh t xa (rsh, rexec), in n t xa (lpr), 802.X, X.25,
mail (SMTP), qun tr mng (NSP, SNMP)
TCP/IP c pht trin ng thi vi m hnh ISO
Khng cha cc nghi thc lin quan n cc lp trong m hnh ISO

Hu ht cc chc nng ca m hnh ISO c tch hp trong TCP/IP
Khng phi m hnh chnh thc, nhng l mt m hnh thc tin
Lp ng dng
Lp transport (giao tip gia cc thit b)
Lp Internet
Lp truy xut mng
Lp vt l
31
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2008
M hnh kin trc nghi thc TCP/IP
32
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2008

Lp vt l
Giao tip vt l gia thit b v mi trng truyn
Tnh cht ca mi trng truyn, mc tn hiu, tc truyn
Lp truy xut mng

Trao i d liu gia thit b v mng truyn
Cung cp chc nng tm ng gia 2 thit b trong cng 1 network
Yu cu cc dch v t mng truyn (priority)
Lp Internet
Cung cp chc nng tm ng gia 2 thit b thuc 2 mng khc
nhau
Cn c hin thc trong cc router
Lp transport
m nhn vic truyn d liu tin cy gia 2 ng dng
Chc chn d liu i n ch, cc gi d liu n ng th t gi
Lp ng dng
Cung cp cho cc ng dng cc dch v truy cp mng
33
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2008
D liu c truyn qua TCP/IP
34
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2008
35
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2008
M hnh mng ISO/OSI
H thng l thuyt ra i
qu tr
ng dng (application)
Trnh by (presentation)
Giao dch (session)
Vn chuyn (transport)
Mng (network)
Lin kt d liu (data link)
Vt l (physical)
OSI environment
7 lp
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network environment
TCP/IP ang l tiu chun

thc tin (de facto
standard)
Real system environment
Network Layer
Datalink Layer
Physical Layer
36
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2008
M hnh mng ISO/OSI
37
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2008
Lp hng ti ng dng
Lp ng dng
Cung cp cho cc ng dng cc dch v truy cp mng
Lp trnh by
Cung cp nh dng d liu c dng truyn d liu gia cc
my tnh ni mng (chuyn i m k t, m ha d liu, nn d
liu)
Lp giao dch
Cung cp c ch iu khin vic truyn thng ip gia cc ng dng
(tr gip danh b, quyn truy cp, chc nng tnh cc, )
Cho php 2 ng dng to, s dng v xa kt ni
C kh nng nhn dng tn v cung cp cc dch v khc (security,
checkpoint, recovery) cn thit cho 2 my tnh ni kt qua mng
Quan tm n cc lp di (t lp vn chuyn tr xung)

Cc lp trn c tch hp trong h iu hnh v khng cn thit phi
chun ha
38
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2008
Lp hng ti ng dng
Lp vn chuyn
Cung cp c ch trao i d liu gia 2 h thng
Cung cp dch v gi thng ip (message service) endto-end cho cc lp trn
Bo m d liu c truyn khng c li, theo th t v
khng mt mt, ngt qung hoc d tha
Chu trch nhim ng gi d liu t mt message ln
thnh nhiu message kch thc nh hn gi i v tp
hp cc message nh thnh mt message ban u khi
nhn c (c kh nng a hp)
Ngt thng bo thnh cc gi nh (c kch thc thch hp) v tp
hp cc gi cho lp mng
Kt hp cc giao dch vi cng cc node ngun/ch
Ti lp th t cc gi ti ch n
Khi phc li, h hng
iu khin dng t ngun n ch v ngc li
39
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2008
Lp ph thuc mi trng truyn dn

Lp mng
Trung chuyn cc gi gia lp
vn chuyn v lp lin kt d
liu
nh a ch gi v dch a
ch lun l thnh a ch vt l
Tm ng kt ni vi my
tnh khc thng qua mng
Mi node cha mt moun
lp mng cng vi mt moun
lp lin kt d liu cho mt
lin kt
Khng cn thit nu kt ni 2
my trc tip
40
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2008

Lp lin kt d liu
Chu trch nhim truyn dn mt cch tin cy
(error-free) cc gi d liu ca lp mng trn mt
lin kt n
ng khung: xc nh u v cui cc gi
Pht hin li: xc nh gi no c li ng truyn
Sa li: c ch truyn li (Automatic Repeat Request
(ARQ))
41
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2008
Lp vt l
iu khin vic truyn d liu (chui cc bit) thc s trn cp/mng
nh ngha tn hiu in, trng thi ng truyn, m ha thng tin v
kiu kt ni c s dng
Thi gian tr truyn
Thi gian t/h truyn t ngun n ch
T/h truyn vi vn tc xp x vn tc nh sng C=3x108 m/s
V d
v tinh GEO d=40.000km tr truyn 1/8 s;
cp Ethernet d=1km tr truyn 3s
Li truyn
Suy gim cng sut t/h
Suy gim do nhiu
M hnh knh truyn n gin: knh nh phn i xng (Binary Symetric
Channel)
P: xc sut li 1 bit
Li xy ra c lp
Thc t, li xy ra thnh chm
42
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2008
Network layer
The network layer module accepts incoming packets from the transport layer and transit packets from
the DLC layer
It routes each packet to the proper outgoing DLC or (at the destination) to the transport layer
Typically, the network layer adds its own header to the packets received from the transport layer. This
header provides the information needed for routing (e.g., destination address)
Each node contains one network layer module plus one link layer module per link
Link layer
Responsible for error-free transmission of packets across a single link
Framing: Determine the start and end of packets

Error detection: Determine which packets contain transmission errors
Error correction: Retransmission schemes (Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ))
Physical layer
Responsible for transmission of bits over a link

Propagation delays
Time it takes the signal to travel from the source to the destination
E.g.,
Signal travel approximately at the speed of light, C=3x108 meters/second

LEO satellite: d=1000 km => 3.3 ms prop. delay
GEO satellite: d=40,000 km => 1/8 sec prop. delay
Ethernet cable: d=1 km => 3 s prop. delay
Transmission errors
Signals experience power loss due to attenuation

Transmission is impaired by noise
Simple channel model: Binary Symmetric Channel
P=bit error probability

Independent from bit to bit
In reality channel errors are often bursty
43
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2008
Truyn d liu qua m hnh mng OSI

Computer I
Computer II
Application process
Application process
Application layer
Application layer
Presentation layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Session layer
Transport layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Network layer
Datalink layer
Datalink layer
Physical layer
Physical layer
Data network
Network environment
OSI environment
Real systems environment
44
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D liu c truyn qua mng OSI
45
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2008
So snh m hnh OSI v TCP/IP
46
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2008
So snh m hnh OSI v TCP/IP
47
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2008
Bt li ca m hnh nhiu lp
Processing overhead: d liu phi i qua
nhiu lp t trn xung di
Data overhead: d liu gc c gn thm
cc header ca cc lp
Mt nhiu thi gian xy dng h thng cc
protocol chun cho tng lp
48
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2008
c thm
W. Stallings, Data and Computer
Communications (7th edition), Prentice Hall
2004, chapter 1, 2
Web sites for IETF, IEEE, ITU-T, ISO
Internet Requests for Comment (RFCs)
Usenet News groups
comp.dcom.*
comp.protocols.tcp-ip
49

CH 1

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dce

K Thut Truyn S Liu

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Tng quan v truyn s liu v mng truyn s liu

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Tp slide bi ging, TS. inh c Anh V, 2008

ISDN & B-ISDN William Stallings

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

M hnh h thng truyn d liu

M hnh h thng truyn d liu

S khi tng qut (m hnh Shannon)

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

M hnh h thng truyn d liu

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

S dng h thng truyn dn

Giao tip gia thit b vi h thng truyn

ng b gia bn truyn v bn nhn

iu khin dng d liu

nh dng thng tin

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

H thng truyn d liu

Chuyn thng tin

Giao dch c s d liu

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Lin quan n cc vn truyn d liu s dng th

Truyn dn d liu (data transmission)

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Mng truyn s liu

Mng truyn s liu

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Mng truyn s liu

Switch LAN (Ethernet)

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Mng truyn s liu

Site-wide (backbone) LAN

a) ng dung trong van phong

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Mng truyn s liu

Chuyn mch gi (packet-switching)

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Mng truyn s liu

Mng pht tn (broadcast networks)

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

M hnh h thng truyn d liu

V d kin trc phn cp

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Kin trc truyn thng my tnh

Tc v giao tip c phn nh thnh cc mun