CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

HN MIG - MAG
1. Khi nim chung
Phng php ny c tn gi l hn h quang kim loi trong mi trng
kh bo v. Hoc tn thng dng l hn dy, hn CO2. tn gi quc t l
GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding).
Cc thut ng:
MIG (Metal inert gas): kh "tr" s dng khi hn thp hp kim v kim loi mu.
MAG (Metal active gas): kh "hot ha" khi hn thp thng, thp hp kim
thp.
Kh tr : Ch yu l Argon hoc Hlium (kh dng pha trn thm).
Kh hot ha : Thng l (CO2) ,hoc Argon c trn thm Oxy (O2) , i khi
Hydro(H2).
Kh hot ha l kh CO2 hoc kh trn c ch s oxy ha ln hn 2 .

GMAW s dng h quang c thit lp gia dy in cc nng chy

v c cp t ng vo chi tit hn. H quang ny s c bo v bng
dng kh tr hoc kh c tnh kh. S chy ca h quang c duy tr nh
cc hiu chnh c tnh in ca h quang. Chiu di h quang v cng
dng in hn c duy tr t ng trong khi tc hn v gc in cc
c duy tr bi th hn.
Ba b phn kim sot qu trnh hn
Sng hn v cp hn
Thit b cp dy
Ngun in hn
Sng hn v cp hn m nhim vai tr cung cp kh bo v cho vng
hn, dn hng dy in cc t b phn cp dy n ng tip in (contact
tip) trn sng hn, dn in t ngun in hn n sng hn. Khi nhn cng
tc trn sng hn, kh, dng in hn v dy hn ng thi c khi ng,
Created by ng Trung Dng

-1-

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

h quang c mi v duy tr t ng. B phn cp dy cng vi b ngun s

phi hp cc c tnh vi nhau hiu chnh t ng chiu di h quang v
dng in hn. S hiu chnh ny thc hin c l nh s sng b ngun
p khng i (CV) phi hp vi b cp dy tc khng i.
GMAW c th c thc hin bn t ng hoc t ng. Ngy nay
chng c s dng rng ri cho cc cng vic hn nh vo u im:
Nng sut cao
Gi thnh thp
Nng lng hn thp, t bin dng nhit
Hn c hu ht cc kim loi
D t ng ha

2. S chuyn dch kim loi trong qu trnh hn MIG-MAG

Chuyn dch ngn mch (Short Circuiting Transfer) :
Cng trung bnh : 50 n 150 A.
B dy chi tit : 0,5 n 2 mm.
Trong kiu chuyn dch ny nng lng hn c tr s thp nht, do
dng hn v in p h quang tng i thp. S chuyn dch din ra nh
cc chu k ngn mch lin tc gia in cc v vng chy. c tnh volt
ampe ca ngun in hn ng vai tr quan trng cho kiu chuyn dch ny.
V nng lng hn thp, nn ngu cn cn ch c bit khi hn cc chi
tit dy. c im ny ca chuyn dch ngn mch gip cho vic hn t th
ngc d dng hn, c bit l vi ng dng trn kim loi mng.
Tm li chuyn dch ngn mch thch hp cho cc ng dng sau :
p dng khi hn lp ngu .
p dng khi hn trn tn mng .
Created by ng Trung Dng

-2-

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

H quang chy

H quang tt

H quang chy li

Cn bo m :
u contact tube c nh ra khi ming m phun t 5 n 10 mm khi
hn lp ngu
nh in cc (ESO) 5 mm.
Gc nghing m hn t 65 n 70.

Biu giao ng h quang c kiu chuyn dch ngn mch

Chuyn dch cu (Globular Transfer):
Cng dng hn trung bnh : 150 n 300 A.
B dy chi tit : 2 n 6 mm.
Trong kiu chuyn dch ny, kim loi chuyn dch t in cc sang
vng hn di dng cc git cu c kch c khng u v nh hng ngu
nhin, kt qu l lng vng te tng ln ng k. Khi hn vi kh CO2 th c
th gim s vng te bng cch hiu chnh thng s hn sao cho u dy hn
nhng chm vo trong vng chy v h quang chy trong l hng nm trong
vng chy. H quang CO2 thng khng n nh v khi hn pht ra m thanh
nh ting cnh cy gy. c trng ca h quang ny l ng hn mp m
hn so vi cc chuyn dch khc. Bi v h quang b nhng chm vo vng
chy, nn ng hn c ngu rt su, hiu qu lm sch bin mi hn
km hn.
Chuyn dch cu c ng dng trong cc trng hp sau :
Dng hn lp ph .
Hn tn c b dy ln .
Hn t th phng .
Chuyn dch phun (Axial Spray Transfer) :
Cng dng hn trung bnh > 300 A.
B dy chi tit > 6 mm.
Xy ra khi kh bo v c hn 80% argon. Trong kiu chuyn dch ny
cc git kim loi c kch c bng hoc nh hn ng knh dy in cc. Cc
git kim loi c nh hng dc theo trc h quang. H quang chy m v
Created by ng Trung Dng

-3-

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

n nh, kt qu l hn t vng te hn, mt ng hn phng phiu hn. Nng

lng h quang (dng plasma) tri u trong vng khng gian hnh cn gip
cho bin ng hn tr nn sch s song cng d gy ra cc khuyt tt do
thiu chy cho bin ng hn. ngu trong kiu chuyn dch ny su hn
khi hn bng que hn song li thp hn chuyn dch cu c nng lng hn
cao hn.
c ng dng khi hn ph hoc lp hon tt
Hn trn tn dy
S dng khi hn phng
bo m c c chuyn dch phun ,
u contact tube phi nm trong m phun.
nh ESO khong 20 mm.
Gc nghing m hn 75 n 85.

Cc phng php lai to khc : Bn cnh cc kiu chuyn dch in cc

c cp trn qu trnh GMAW cn c cc bin th khc cng khng
km phn quan trng.
Chuyn dch dng xung (Pulsed Current Transfer (GMAW-P)) nng lng
hn cao hn khi chuyn dch ngn mch, c th p dng trong mi v tr hn.
Trong bin th ny ngun in hn s cung cp hai mc gi tr. Gi tr nn
(background) c cng thp n mc khng gy ra bt k s chuyn dch
kim loi no. Trong khi xung nh (Pulse pead) c gi tr cao hn t gi tr
cn thit c chuyn dch phun. S kt hp hai gi tr dng in hn cng
nh tn s xung s to ra cc hiu qu chuyn dch mong mun.
Nguy c to ra khuyt tt thiu chy l nhc im ca kiu lai to ny kkhi
hn trn tn dy. Song n cng t nghim trng hn khi hn vi ch
chuyn dch ngn mch.
Hn h quang im (Arc Spot Welding) qu trnh chy ca h quang c
kim sot bng mt timer s gip thc hin cc im hn ng u v cht
lng cao. Mi hn c hnh thnh t kim loi n t dy hn v qu trnh
Created by ng Trung Dng

-4-

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

hn l qu trnh nng chy. Kch thc im hn thay i nh chnh tc

cp dy v thi gian chy ca h quang. Tt nhin cc thng s khc nh
in p h quang, kh bo v, v tr v iu kin g t cng c vai tr quan
trng cho cht lng mi hn.

Quan h volt-ampe ca dng xung

Pulse peak current : cng dng in xung cc i
Pulse transition current : cng dng in xung chuyn tip
Background current : cng dng in nn
Spray transfer current range : khong cng dng in to nn s chuyn
kim loi dng phun
Globular transfer current ranger : khong cng dng in to nn s
chuyn kim loi dng cu

3. Trang b hn
Qu trnh GMAW c th thc hin t ng hoc bn t ng. Cc
trang b c bn gm c:
Sng hn
B cp dy hn
B iu khin
Ngun in hn
Van gim p
Cc trang b cn thit cho dy in cc gi cun dy, contact tip,
ng dn hng
Cp in v cc ng dn kh bo v, nc lm ngui.
Cc loi sng hn khc nhau c thit k nhm cung cp hiu qu ti
a cho cng vic hn. Chng bao gm sng hn cng sut cao, loi nh dng
hn mi v tr, loi thit k c bit cho cc mi hn c bit.
C loi lm ngui bng nc, c loi lm ngui bng kh, loi m thng
, loi m cong. Loi lm ngui bng kh thng c phm vi ng dng cho
dng hn nh hn 600A. Khi hn trn cc dy chuyn cng ngh chng ta
thng dng loi lm ngui bng nc.
Created by ng Trung Dng

-5-

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

Thit b hn GMAW

Trm hn GMAW t ng

Created by ng Trung Dng

-6-

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

Sng hn bao gm cc chi tit sau:

ng dy dn v contact tip
M phun kh
ng dn dy in cc
ng dn kh bo v
ng dn nc lm ngui (i vi loi
lm ngui bng nc)
Dy dn in hn
Cng tc iu khin

Contact tip thng c ch to bng ng hoc hp kim ng n c

nhim v tip in cho dy hn. Contact tip ni vi ngun in hn nh vo
dy dn in hn. Mt pha trong ca contact tip rt quan trng bi v n va
bo m dn in tt va bo m dy hn i qua d dng. Khi hn cn chn
contact tip ph hp vi c dy hn, contact tip cn c g t nh nhng
vo sng hn nh vo cn sit v phi t ng tm ca m phun kh.
M phun kh bo v c nhim v cung cp dng kh bo v vng hn.
Ch dng chy trong m phun rt quan trng v n bo m cho vic bo
v vng hn khi s xm nhp ca cc kh c hi. cc c m phun khc nhau
c chn cho ph hp vi cng vic, c ln dng cho dng hn ln, b rng
mi ln, c nh dng cho dng hn nh.
ng dn dy hn l b phn nh v v
hng dn dy hn t bnh xe cp dy n
contact tip. Trong qu trnh hn cn bo m vic
cp dy iu n th h quang mi chy n nh.
Dy hn b vn xon, gp khc phi loi b khng
c dng trnh b kt dy. ng knh v vt
liu ng dn dy rt quan trng i vi qu trnh
hn, ng dn bng thp dng cho cc vt liu
cng nh thp, inox trong khi ng nilon c dng
cho cc vt liu mm nh nhm, magnesium,
ng. khi hn cn ch trnh b gp khc ng
dn khng b kt dy. i vi mi c dy cn dng ng dn thch hp.

Created by ng Trung Dng

-7-

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

B cp dy kiu y thng c dng song khong cch t thit b

hn dn ni hn khng qu 3 4 mt. Cp dy kiu ko thng c b tr
trong sng hn v n cho php khong cch n thit b hn xa hn. Khi phi
hn trn cao hoc khng th b tr thit b gn ni cn hn c th s dng loi
sng hn c gn cun dy (spool on gun).

Motor cp dy thng l loi c tc iu chnh v cp. B cp dy

tc khng i c trang b mch in t iu khin qu trnh mi h
quang, t ng hiu chnh khi c s thay i in p ngun, t hiu chnh khi
xy ra s trt dy. Kt qu l h quang mi v chy n nh hn, hn ch
ng k lng vng te. Thit b c b tr trong hp kn hn ch bi
bm, tng tui th v gim nhu cu bo tr.
Tc cp dy bin thin t 1,9 25 m/min ( 75 980 in/min). B cp
dy c trang b h thng hm ng lc cho php dng cp dy tc thi mi
khi nh contact iu khin.
B iu khin hn v b cp dy thng c lin kt khi vi nhau.
N c chc nng iu khin tc cp dy. Tc motor c xc lp trc
theo khong gi tr dng hn. Mch iu khin s hiu chnh qu trnh khi
ng v dng cp dy.
Kh bo v, nc lm ngui v dng in hn thng c gn vi
ngun cung cp thng qua b iu khin. Lu lng kh bo v v nc
c hiu chnh ng b vi vic khi ng v v dng qu trnh hn nh
vo cc van in t (solenoids). Thng th b iu khin c trang b cc
b nh th cho s phun kh trc v sau khi hn. Vic khi ng dng hn c
th kch hot trc tip t b iu khin hoc thng qua in p h quang.
Van chnh p kh bo v, thit b hn cn cung
cp kh bo v vi p sut v lu lng khng i. Van
chnh p m nhim vai tr . C cc loi van mt cp
hoc hai cp, c hay khng trang b lu lng k. Loi
hai cp cho p sut v lu lng kh cung cp u hn
loi mt cp.

Created by ng Trung Dng

-8-

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

Ngun in hn
Qu trnh GMAW c dng vi ngun DC kiu in p khng i
(CV) , in cc dng. C ngha l sng hn c gn vo cc dng cn
chi tit hn c u cc m. in cc DC m khng thch hp do h quang
khng n nh.
u im chnh ca thit b kiu CV l in p h quang khng i trong
sut qu trnh hn. Dng hn s t ng tng hoc gim khi chiu di h
quang thay i, t lm tng hoc gim tc chy ca dy hn nh m
in p h quang c duy tr khng i. Nh vy , thit b GMAW iu chnh
dng in hn thng qua b cp dy.
ng c tnh ngoi ca thit b CV c dng nm ngang, nn ng vi
s thay i nh v in p cng dn ti s thay i ln v dng in. Ni
cch khc nhy rt cao trong khi thit b CC th hu nh dng khng thay
i khi thay i in p.
Khi tng khong cch gia contact tip v chi tit, in p hn v chiu
di h quang tng ln, dng in hn s gim xung nh c tnh m t,
khi tc chy ca dy hn gim tng ng. v tc cp dy l hng
nn lc ny s ln hn tc chy kt qu l h quang s b ngn li. Qu
trnh ngc li s din ra khi gim in p h quang.

c tnh V-A ca thit b CC v CV

Operating point im vn hnh

Created by ng Trung Dng

-9-

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

C ch iu chnh in p h quang

4. Vt liu hn dng trong MIG MAG

4.1. Kh bo v
Nhn chung mi kim loi u c xu hng kt hp vi Oxy to nn
cc oxyt kim loi . Mt s t li kt hp vi nit to ra cc nitric kim loi. Oxy
cng kt hp vi carbon to ra kh monoxide carbon. Tt c cc phn ng
ny l tr ngi chnh cho cng vic hn bi chng hnh thnh nn cc khuyt
tt nh r kh, lm gin kim loi hn. Mc khc khng kh li cha 80% nit v
20% oxy nn l t nhin l khng th tin hnh hn m khng c bin php
no bo v vng chy. Nhim v ca kh bo v trong hn GMA l to ra
kh quyn c tnh tr hoc kh ngn chn cc kh c hi t khng kh vo
trong vng hn.
ng thi kh bo v cn m nhim cc vai tr sau:
Mi h quang d dng v h quang chy n nh
Tc ng n cc kiu chuyn dch kim loi trong h quang hn
nh hng n ngu v tit din ngang ca mi hn
Tc hn
Kh nng to ra cc khuyt bin (undercut)
Ty sch b mt v bin ng hn
Kh tr s dng trong hn GMA c argon v heli.
Heli c dn nhit ln hn argon v to ra ct h quang c nng
lng phn tn u hn. Heli cho mi hn su, rng v tit din ngang hnh
parabol trong khi argon th cho tit din hn hnh nm v.
Vi bt k tc cp dy no th in p ca h quang argon cng
thp hn ng k so vi h quang heli. C ngha l h quang argon chy n
nh hn h quang heli. H quang argon s c chuyn dch phun dc trc tr
s ngay trn tr s dng in qu . H quang heli c xu th to ra kiu
chuyn dch git cu kch thc ln khong dng in trung bnh do h
quang heli cho nhiu tia vng te hn, b mt ng hn xu g gh hn so
vi h quang argon.
Created by ng Trung Dng

- 10 -

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

S pha trn argon v heli, thng c p dng khi hn kim loi

khng cht st v inox cng nh thp hp kim thp. Khi nng cao c
tnh hp l ca tit din ngang mi hn ng thi khng nh mt cc u vit
ca c tnh h quang argon.
S pha trn oxy v CO2 vo argon v heli. Argon v heli khng l
mi trng bo v tt nht khi hn trn thp, vi heli h quang chuyn dch
kh kim sot do cc git vng te, cn argon th ng hn rt d khuyt
bin. Thm vo argon t 1 5% oxy hoc t 3 10% CO2 s ci thin cht
lng hn ng k.
Carbon dioxide, kh CO2 l kh hot ha c p dng rng ri trong
hn GMA trn thp carbon v thp hp kim thp. y l loi kh khng tr duy
nht c dng mt mnh bo v vng hn. c trng ca qu trnh hn
CO2 l tc hn cao, ngu su.
Khi hn vi kh CO2 ch c hai kiu chuyn dch l ngn mch v cu.
chuyn dch phun dc trc l c im ring ca hn trong mi trng kh
argon. Kiu chuyn dch cu c nng lng tng i cao v h quang mnh
nn vng te nhiu hn.
So snh vi hn trong mi trng giu kh argon th hn CO2 cho mi
hn ngu su, g gh, hiu qu lm sch bin v b mt ng hn km
hn. Kim loi p st rt cht song mi hn km do do h quang vn c tnh
oxy ha.

nh hng ca kh bo v n tit din ngang mi hn

nh hng ca kh bo v khi thm oxy v CO2 vo argon

Created by ng Trung Dng

- 11 -

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

Created by ng Trung Dng

- 12 -

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

4.2. Dy hn
Dy hn thp carbon l dy rn c hm lng hp kim thp, c ko
vi chnh xc cao c ng knh t 0,6 mm n 2,4 mm. Dy hn
c qun thnh cun 15 n 20 kg Hoc cha sn trong thng (trng hp
hn t ng. Dy hn c m mt lp ng dn in v chng oxt ha .
Thnh phn dy hn nh sau: carbon (C : 0,06 n 0,08 %), mangan
(Mn : 1,0 n 1,5 %), silic (Si : 0,6 n 0,9 %), Lu hynh (S : 0,025 %) v
phospho (P : 0,025 %).
Mt dng in :
Mt dng in l cng i qua 1 mm 2 tit din dy hn.
V d :
Cng 150 A s dng vi dy ng knh 0,8 mm so vi 1,6 mm

Nh vy dy 0,8 mm. Cung cp nhiu nhit hn cho chi tit v dy hn qu

nng. Nn chn c dy hn thch hp vi cng hn.
Tiu chun dy hn theo AWS A5.18 gm cc loi ph bin sau:
ER70S-2 : loi c cha cc cht kh c bit. Cho mi hn cht lng
cao, tng thch hu ht cc loi mc thp carbon.
ER70S-3 : Dy hn a dng. Silicon v mangan l hai thnh phn kh
oxyt ch yu thch hp cho cng vic hn v tr nghch vi kiu chuyn dch
ngn mch dng kh bo v l Ar CO2 . Hn tt trn thp cn v thp b r
st vi kh CO2 .
ER70S-6 : Hm lng cc cht kh oxyt mangan v silicon cao nht,
cho php hn trong CO2 vi dng in cao nht. ng thi cng c th hn
vi hn hp Ar CO2 . Kh nng hn bm tt, thch hp khi hn cc mi hn
v tr nghch vi kiu chuyn dch ngn mch.

5. Thng s hn
Thng s hn gm cc thng s sau:
Tc p tc hn
Tc cp dy ( cng hn)
in p h quang
nh in cc
Tc p l lng kim loi thc s p vo mi hn trong mt n
v thi gian. n v l kg/h. Cn cn bng tc p v vn tc hn bi v s
cn bng tt s gip tc p t gi tr ti u. Cc yu t sau y s nh
hng n s cn bng gia tc hn v tc cp dy:
Kch thc mi hn
Kiu mi ni
S lng cc lp hn
Tc hn ti a khong 600 mm/pht (25 in/pht). Nhn chung tc hn
cng cao th mi hn c kch thc cng nh.
Dng in hn Tc cp dy , sau khi xc nh tc p ti u,
bc k tip l xc nh tc cp dy v nh in cc. Cng dng
in c xc lp thng qua cc thng s ny. Khi hn th chng ta xc nh
tc p thng qua tc cp dy v dng in hn l gi tr danh ngha.
Created by ng Trung Dng

- 13 -

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

in p hn lin quan chc ch n chiu di h quang xc lp khi

chy n nh. Chng ta cn chn in p hn ph hp vi tc cp dy
hn ch vng te.
Stick out cn gi l nh in cc. Cc thng s c bn khi hn
vi dy hn c in tr ln ph thuc r rng vo nh in cc. S thay
i nh s thay i s cn bng in trn h quang hn. Khi tng nh
dy hn b t nng do in tr s lm thay i tc chy ca dy tr s
dng in xc lp. S cn bng gia tc chy v tc cp dy thay i
s thay i iu kin hn. Gi nh khng i cng nh gc in cc khng
i l mt k nng ca th hn.

nh in cc ( electrode stickout ESO)

Created by ng Trung Dng

- 14 -

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

Created by ng Trung Dng

- 15 -

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

Quan h gia cng v in p hn :

Cng = (in p - 14) x 20
in p = 14 + (0,05 x Cng )

Created by ng Trung Dng

- 16 -

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

6. KHC PHC CC TRC TRC KHI HN MIG - MAG

Khuyt tt

Kh mi h quang

Nguyn nhn
Cha m Gas
Ht Gas
Sai cc tnh
Ni in hoc Mass khng tt
Mch iu khin hng

Gii php
Kim tra van kh.
Thay bnh kh mi.
Cc tnh phi l DCEP
(Electrode +, Chi tit -).
Kim tra mass.
Kim tra mch iu khin , thay cc
linh kin b hng

Bnh xe cp dy khng ng c Kim tra c bnh xe cp dy v hiu

chnh p lc cho ng
Bnh xe p dy khng p lc Tng p lc
Bnh xe p dy cng qu
Gim p lc
Tc cp dy qu chm
Tng tc cp dy
Contact tube b mn , dnh Phng Lm sch hoc thay contact tube mi
h quang trong contact tube
Chy dy (Burn- in p ngun khng n nh
Kim tra in p cung cp
backs ) v h quang Sai cc tnh
Kim tra cc tnh l DCEP
tht thng
(Dy hn +, Chi tit -).
Sng hn b nng
Thay sng c cng sut ln hn
(Hu ht sng c dng ln hn 200
amps phi lm ngui bng nc).
Kim tra h thng nc lm ngui
B lc hoc ngun cp nc
ng dn dy b d hoc mn
Thay ng dn dy

R kh

B nht khi do dng kh bo v b iu chnh lu lng kh cho ph hp

ri
vi c m phun
B nht kh do dng hn qu cao Gim dng hn hoc tc hn

Created by ng Trung Dng

- 17 -

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

Dy hn b dnh du hoc bn

Bnh xe cp dy b bn
ng dn dy b bn
Kh bo v b m

Mch nc lm ngui sng hn

b r
Chi tit b dnh du

Bo qun dy ni kh ro khng b
nhim bn , du
Ch m bao b khi s dng
Bao che cun dy lp trn my , hoc
tho ra bao kn bo qun nu
khng tip tc dng n trong thi
gian di
Nu dy hn b d , r st nhiu th
loi b cc b bn s dng phn cn
li
Ra sch v lm kh ro cc bnh xe
Thay ng dn mi
Kim tra im sng (dewpoint) ca
kh bo v
Khng dng cc chai kh c im
sng trn -400F .
Sa cha sng hn

Ra sach bng dung mi v chy

sch bng bn chi Inox
Vng te t vng hn qu nhiu Hiu chnh cc thng s nhm gim
vng te
Tc ngui mi hn qu ln
Tng dng hn hoc gim tc hn
Nu cn nung nng s b chi tit hn
Bnh xe dy b trt
Tng lc dy hoc thay bnh xe
mi hoc kch c khc
ng dn dy hn bi b gp
Thay i v tr b tr my trnh tnh
trng ng dn dy b gp
Khng kh bo v

Mi hn b bn

Dy hn b bn
Chi tit hn b bn
Dy hn khng ng loi
Thit k mi hn khng ng
Nt nng chn chim
(Hot short cracking)

G kp khng ng
Tc hn chm qu
K thut hn khng ng

Nt ui la
(Crater cracks)

iu chnh cho m phun gn chi tit

hn
Tng lu lng kh bo v
iu chnh gc hn
Kim tra sng xem c b r kh hoc
nc lm ngui
Tng cng bo v vng hn bng
cc thit b ph tr
nh tm li Contact tube
Thay m phun ln hn
(Xem mc trn).
(Xem mc trn).
Thay loi dy hn ph hp
Kim tra li cc thng s chun b mi
hn (Khe h , b dy chn , gc vt )
Thay cc g kp chng bin dng
bng bin php chnh sai trc khi
hn
Tng tc hn
Thay i gc hn hoc tc p

Kt thc hn khng ng k thut Hn ngc li mt cht khi kt thc

mi hn
Hn nhanh on cui c vng
hn nh hn
Dng cc tm g ( runoff tabs ) khi
khi u v kt thc mi hn

Created by ng Trung Dng

- 18 -

CNG NGH HN MIG - MAG

Khng ngu

Khng chy

Dy cp ngun hn
qu nng

Chun b mi hn sai
Hn nhanh qu
Dng hn qu thp
H quang qu di
Gc hn khng ng

Kim tra kch thc chun b

Gim tc hn
Tng dng hn
Gim chiu di h quang
Hiu chnh li gc hn

Chun b mi hn sai

Kim tra khe h , b dy chn , gc

vt
Gim chiu di h quang
Ty sch mi ghp

H quang qu di
Mi ghp bi bn
C dy cung cp khng ln
Cc ch ni dy b lng
Dy cp ngun qu di
Lm ngui khng

Created by ng Trung Dng

- 19 -

Kim tra v thay th c ph hp

Kim tra v sit cht
Kim tra v dng c dy ph hp
Tng lu lng nc lm ngui
Kim tra s r r trn mch nc lm
ngui