T HC T RN THNG 9

TRNG THPT HNG VNG

T: L
------------ o0o --------------

CHUYN T HC T RN THNG 9
MT S DNG TON TIU BIU TRONG MCH IN XOAY CHIU
CC BI TON LIN QUAN N LCH PHA
TRONG MCH IN XOAY CHIU
(GV: MAI TH L GIANG)
t vn :
Bi tp v mch in xoay chiu cng l mt phn kh quan trng trong cc chuyn bi tp vt l. Trong cc

thi H v C thng cho dng trc nghim lin quan n lch pha trong mch in xoay chiu. .Dng
ton ny thng lm hc sinh cm thy phc tp, ri v cch gii ng s cho kt qu ng nhng ta cn
b mt vn m phi quan tm n khi gii trc nghim l THI GIAN LM BI. Sau y ti xin
cp mt s kinh nghim gii quyt cc bi ton ny qua cc v d sau:
1.Phng php chung:
+ tan

U L UC
Z L ZC
Hay tan
UR
R

UR
P
; cos =
; Lu cng thc ny khng cho bit du ca .
U
UI

+ cos

R
Z

+ sin

Z L ZC
U UC
; hay sin L
Z
U

Hay cos

Thng dng cng thc ny v c du ca ,

+ Kt hp vi cc cng thc nh lut m : I

U R U L U C U U MN

R
ZL ZC Z ZMN

+ Lu : Xt on mch no th p dng cng thc cho on mch .

+ Nu 2 on mch cng pha: tan 1 tan 2
+ Nu 2 on mch vung pha: tan 1.tan 2 1
a.Xc nh cc i lng khi bit hai on mch c in p cng pha, vung pha.
Bi tp 1: Mt mch in xoay chiu RLC khng phn nhnh c R=100 , L=

2
H, t in c in

dung C thay i c. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu

) . Gi tr ca C v cng sut tiu th ca mch khi in p gia hai u

4
C
L
R
R cng pha vi in p hai u on mch nhn cp gi tr no sau
A y:
B
u AB 200 2 cos(100t

Trang 1

T HC T RN THNG 9

Gii: Ta thy khi uR cng pha vi uAB ngha l uAB cng pha vi cng dng in i. Vy trong mch
xy ra cng hng in: ZL=ZC =>
Lc ny cng sut P=Pmax=

1
104

. Vi ZL=L = 200 => C=

F
Z L
2

U 2 200 2

400 W
R
100

Bi tp 2: Cho mch i n
xoay chiu nh hnh.
R1 = 4, C1

102 , R = 100 , L 1 H , f = 50Hz.

F 2

Tm i n dung C2, bit rng i n p uAE v uEB ng pha.

Bi gii:

AE uAE i ; EB uEB i

V uAE v uEB ng pha nn

Z C1
R1

Z C2

Z L Z C2
R2

u AE uEB AE EB tan AE tan EB

Z C2 Z L Z C1

R2
R1

1
1
104
100

(F)
100 8
300 ; C2
2 f .ZC2 2 50.300 3
4

Bi tp 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v. UAN = 150V, UMB = 200V, uAN v uMB vung pha vi nhau,
cng dng in tc thi trong mch c biu thc i I o cos100 t (A). Bit cun dy l thun
cm. Hy vit biu thc uAB.
Bi gii:Ta c:

U AN U R2 U C2 150 V
U MB U R2 U L2 200 V

V uAN v uMB vung pha nhau nn: MB AN

(1)

L,

R
M

(2)

MB AN (Vi MB 0 , AN 0 )
2
2

tan MB .tan AN 1
AN cot AN tan MB
tan AN
2

tan MB tan

U L UC
.
1 U R2 U L .U C
UR UR

(3)

T (1), (2) v (3), ta suy ra : UL = 160V , UC = 90V, UR = 120V

Ta c : U AB U R2 U L U C 1202 160 90 139 V
2

tan

U L U C 160 90 7

0,53 rad. Vy u AB 139 2 cos 100 t 0,53 (V)

UR
120
12

Trang 2

T HC T RN THNG 9

Bi tp 4: Cho vo on mch hnh bn mt dng in xoay chiu c cng i I o cos100 t

(A). Khi uMB v uAN vung pha nhau, v uMB 100 2 cos 100 t (V). Hy vit biu thc
3

uAN v tm h s cng sut ca on mch MN.

Bi gii: Do pha ban u ca i bng 0 nn

MB uMB i

L,r=0

l:
UR = UMB cos MB = 100cos

UR

cos AN

cos
6

H s cng sut ton mch:

uuuur
U MN

MN

uur
UR

AN
2
6

uur
UC

r
I

uuuu
r
U AN

U L U C
U2
502
50
.
1 U C R

(V)
UR UR
U L 50 3
3

50

Vy biu thc u AN 100

uuuu
r
U MB

MB

50 tan 50 3 (V)
3

Ta c: tan MB .tan AN 1

Ta c:

uur
UL

50 (V)
3

V uMB v uAN vung pha nhau nn: MB AN

U AN

0 rad
3
3

Da vo gin vec-t, ta c cc gi tr hiu dng ca UL, UR, UC

U L U R tan MB

100
2
U oAN 100
3 (V)
3

cos 100 t (V).

3
6

cos

R UR
UR

2
2
Z U
UR U L UC

50
50
50 50 3
3

3
7

b.Xc nh cc i lng khi bit hai on mch c in p lch pha gc .

Bi tp 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit C

104
F, A

L,r
M

H, u AB 200cos100 t (V). in p uAM chm pha

so vi dng in qua mch v dng
2
6

in qua mch chm pha

50 3
so vi uMB. Tnh r v R? s. r
v R 100 3 .
3
3

Trang 3

T HC T RN THNG 9

Gii : ZL= 50; ZC = 100; tan MB

tan AM

ZL

Z
50 3
tan 3 . r L

r
3
3
3

ZC
1

tan
R Z C 3 100 3
R
3
6
.

Bi tp 2: Mt mch in khng phn nhnh gm in tr thun R = 75 , cun cm c t cm

L=

5
H v t in c in dung C. Dng in xoay chiu qua mch: i = 2 cos 100 t(A). lch
4

pha gia in p v cng dng in l /4.Tnh C.Vit biu thc in p gia hai u on
mch trn.

Bi gii: ZL= L= 100.

5
=125 ;
4

lch pha gia u v i: tan=

Z L ZC
Z ZC

125 Z C
<=> tan = / L
/ <=> 1=
R
4
R
75

Suy ra: 75 125 Z C =>

1
1
103
C .Z 100 .50 5 F
75 125 Z C Z C 50
C
=>

75 Z C 125 ZC 200
1
1
104

F
ZC
.Z C 100 .200

103
a) Trng hp C=
F , th Z = Z
5

R 2 Z L Z C 752 125 50 75 2
2

Ta c: U0 = I0 .Z = 2.75 2 =150 2 V ; =/4 nn: u= 150 2 cos(100t+ /4)(V)

b) Trng hp C=

104
F , th Z = Z

R 2 Z L Z C 752 125 200 75 2

2

Ta c: U0 = I0 .Z = 2.75 2 =150 2 V ; = -/4 nn: u= 150 2 cos(100t- /4)(V)

Bi tp 3: Cho mch xoay chiu nh hnh v: C 31,8( F ) , f=50(Hz); Bit
mt gc 1350 v i cng pha vi U AB . Tnh gi tr ca R?
A. R 50()
C. R 100()

R,L

U AE
E

lch pha

U E.B

B. R 50 2 ()
D. R 200()

Bi gii: Theo gi thit u v i cng pha nn trong mch xy ra hin tng cng hng ta c:
Z L ZC

1
1

100() . Mt khc on EB cha t C nn EB

90 0
6
C 100 .31,8.10
2

Trang 4

T HC T RN THNG 9

Suy ra :

AE EB 135 0 Hay : AE EB 135 0 135 0 90 0 45 0 ; Vy

tg AE

ZL
tg 45 0 1 R Z L 100() . Chn C
R

Bi tp 4: t in p u U 0 cost (U0 v khng i) vo hai u on mch mc ni tip gm in

tr R, t in c in dung C, cun cm thun c t cm L thay i c. Khi L=L1 v L=L2 in p
hiu dng hai u cun cm c cng gi tr; lch pha ca in p hai u on mch so vi cng
dng in ln lt l 0,52rad v ,05rad. Khi L=L0 in p gia hai u cun cm t cc i; lch
pha ca in p hai u on mch so vi cng dng in l . Gi tr ca gn gi tr no nht
sau y:
A. 0,41rad
+ Khi ULmax th ZLo =

B, 1,57rad

C. 0,83rad.

R 2 Z C2
2Z L1 Z L 2

Z L1 Z L 2
ZC

tan

+ V:

D. 0,26rad.
(1)

Z Lo Zc R

R
Zc

(2)

+ t: tan(0,52) = a v tan(1,05) = b th ta c: a.b = 1

Z L1 Zc
a Z L1 a.R Zc
R
Z Zc
tan1,05 L 2
b Z L 2 b.R Zc
R

tan 0,52

+ Ta c :

(3)

Thay (3) vo (1) v t x = R/Zc th ta c PT:

(a+b)X3 a.b.X2 (a+b).X + 1 = 0,785 rad
V a.b = 1 nn PT c nghim: X = 1 nn tan = 0,785 rad
Bi tp 5: : on mch ni tip gm cun cm thun, on mch X v
A

t in (hnh v). Khi t vo hai u A, B in p u AB U 0 cos(t )

L
M

V ( U 0 , , khng i) th LC 2 1,U AN 25 2V v U MB 50 2V ,
ng thi UAN sm pha
A. 12,5 7V
Hng dn :

so vi UMB. Gi tr ca U0 l :
3
B. 12,5 14V

uAN uAM uX
uMB uX uNB

LC2 1 uL uC 0

u
AN
uMB

C. 25 7V
2u
X

uY

uuuur uuuur
U AN U MB

D. 25 14V
uuur
UY

- Do UMB = 2UAN v uAN lch pha uMB gc 600 nn ta v c gin vc t nh trn.

Trang 5

T HC T RN THNG 9

PQ 25 6 PI

,252

600

uuu
r
UY

25 6
2

OPI :OI OP2 PI 2 12,5 14

uAB uL uX uC uX U AB U X 12,5 14
U 0AB 12,5 14. 2 25 7 V

,502
Q

Cch 2 : (Cch ny hay hn cch trn)

uAN uAM uX

LC2 1 uL uC 0

uMB uX uNB
uX

uAN uMB
2

uAN

25 20 50 2
2

uMB

2uX

3 25 14 0,71 U 25 7 V

0X
2

Bi tp 6: t in p u U 0 cost (U0 v khng i) vo hai u on mch gm cun dy khng

thun cm mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C (thay i c). Khi C=C0 th cng dng in
trong mch sm pha hn u l 1 ( 0 1

) v in p hiu dng hai u cun dy l 45V. Khi C=3C0

2

th cng dng in trong mch tr pha hn u l 2

1 v in p hiu dng hai u cun dy l

2

135V. Gi tr ca U0 gn gi tr no nht sau y :

A. 130V

B. 64V

C.95V

D. 75V

Hng dn :

135 I 2
3
45 I 1

3U
R ZC0 ZL
2

tan1.tan2 1 R2 X.Y 2

Z
R2 ZL C0
3

4ZC0 10ZL
X 9Y

1 2 R 3Y ZC0 5R 135

Z 2R
L

U
2

R Y

Z
X ZC0 ZL ;Y ZL C 0
3

R2 Z2L

Trang 6

8R2 9Y 2

X 2 1

3 2U
U 45 2 V U 0 90 V
2

T HC T RN THNG 9

BI TON V CNG SUT CA MCH IN XOAY CHIU

KHNG PHN NHNH
(GV: NGUYN TH HIN)
I. C s l thuyt
U2
Cng sut ca mch RLC ni tip: P I R UIcos 2 R
Z
Cng sut ca mch chnh l cng sut ta nhit trn in tr, cn cun dy thun cm(L) v t in
khng tiu th cng sut.
R
H s cng sut: cos
Z
Trng hp cun dy c in tr thun r th:
U2
Cng sut ca mch: P I 2 ( R r ) UIcos 2 ( R r )
Z
2
U
Cng sut trn in tr R: P I 2 R 2 R
Z
2
r
r
U
Cng sut trn cun dy: P I 2 r 2 r U d Icosd vi cos d Z 2
r ZL2
d
Z
II. Cc bi ton v cng sut
1. Khi R thay i trong mch RLC ni tip
Bi 1 : Mt mch in xoay chiu gm t in C, mt cun cm thun L v mt bin tr R c mc ni
tip. Khi R thay i th cng sut ta nhit cc i l Pmax. Khi bin tr gi tr ln lt l
18, 32, 20 th cng sut tiu th trn on mch l P1, P2, P3. Nu P1=P2 th
A. P3 P2
B. P3 Pmax
C. P3 P2
D. P3 P2
GII
Dng ton ny nn dng phng php th l nhanh nht.
Trc ht ta kho st hm s P v v th.
U 2 R 2 U 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2
U2
P( R ) 2
.
R
P
'

Xt:
t lp c bng bin thin nh sau:
R (Z L ZC )2
( R 2 (Z L ZC )2
2

Z L ZC

U2
2R

P
0
Trang 7

T HC T RN THNG 9

T phc ha c th:

Pmax
P3
P1=P2

Z Z

R2
R1 R3
R
L
C
Thc cht khi lm nhanh ch cn phc ha th v biu din s liu nhn ra kt qu nhanh nht.
S dng th gip cho chng ta gii nhn xt c cc bi ton bin thin.
Bi 2: Mt on mch xoay chiu mc ni tip gm cun dy c in tr thun 40 , c cm khng 60
, t in c dung khng 80 v mt bin tr R ( 0 R ). in p hai u on mch n nh
200V-50Hz. Khi thay i R th cng sut ta nhit trn ton mch t gi tr cc i l:
A. 1000W
B. 144W
C. 800W
D. 125W
Gii
Cng sut ton mch chnh l cng sut ta nhit trn bin tr v in tr trn cun dy.
U2
U2
P I 2 (R r)
(
R

r
)

(Z ZC )2
( R r )2 ( Z L Z C )2
(R r) L
(R r)
Pmax khi v ch khi mu s min: p dng bt ng thc C si ta c:
(Z ZC )2
(R r) L
2 Z L ZC
Rr
U2
U2

Vy nn Pmax
khi R r Z L Z C
2 Z L Z C 2( R r )
V R Z L Z C r 20 0 nn Pmax R 0 Pmax

U2
2002
.
r

.40 800(w)
r 2 ( Z L ZC ) 2
402 202

Ta c th dng th kim tra:

Pmax

20

0
*Trng hp bi ton hi: Tm cng sut cc i trn bin tr R.
U2
U2
P I 2R
R

r 2 (Z L ZC )2
( R r ) 2 ( Z L Z C )2
R
2r
R
Pmax khi v ch khi mu s min: p dng bt ng thc C si ta c:
r 2 ( Z L ZC )2
R
2 r 2 (Z L ZC )2
R
U2
U2
P

Vy nn max
khi R r 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2
2
2
2
R
2 r (Z L ZC )

U2
2202
5

2 R 2.20 5
2
*Trng hp bi ton hi: Tm cng sut cc i trn cun dy( Imax , Udmax , UCmax)
Thay s vo ta c: R 402 (60 80) 2 20 5 v Pmax

U2
Pd I r
r.
( R r )2 ( Z L Z C )2
2

Pdmax khi v ch khi mu s nhn gi tr min.

Trang 8

T HC T RN THNG 9

U2
r 2 ( Z L ZC )2
Bi 3: Mt mch in xoay chiu tn s f gm t in C, mt cun cm thun L v mt bin tr R c
mc ni tip. Khi bin tr c gi tr R1 45 hoc R2 80 th cng sut trn on mch l nh
nhau. Xc nh h s cng sut tiu th ng vi cc gi tr ca R1.
A. 0,707
B. 0,8
C. 0,5
D. 0,6
Gii
U 2 .R
U2
2
2

R ( Z L Z C )2 0
Cng sut: P I R 2
R (Z L ZC )2
P
Khi R=0 v Pmax

2
Theo h thc Viet: R1.R2 ( Z L Z C ) .
Do vy khi R=R1 th h s cng sut :
R1
R1
1
1
Cos1

0, 6
2
2
2
R2
80
R1 ( Z L ZC )
R1 R1.R2
1
1
R1
45
Bi 4: Mch in xoay chiu gm ba phn t, in tr thun R, cun cm thun L v t in C mc ni tip.
in tr R thay i c. t vo hai u on mch in p xoay chiu u = 120 2 cos(100t) V. iu chnh
R, khi R = R1 = 18 th cng sut trn mch l P1, khi R = R2 = 8 th cng sut P2, bit P1 = P2 v ZC > ZL.
Khi R = R3 th cng sut tiu th trn mch t cc i. Biu thc cng dng in qua mch khi R = R3 l
A. i = 5 2 cos(100t + /3) (A).
B. i = 4cos(100t + /3) (A).
C. i = 5 2 cos(100t + /4) (A).
D. i = 10cos(100t + /4) (A).
Gii
V hai gi tr ca R1 v R2 cho cng mt gi tr cng sut nn:
2
Theo h thc Viet ta c: R1.R2 ( Z L Z C ) Z L Z C R1.R2 18.8 12 .

Mt khc vi R=R3 th Pmax khi : R3 Z L Z C 12 Z R32 ( Z L Z C )2 Z L Z C . 2 12 2

U 0 120 2

10( A)
Z
12 2
Z Zc

tan L
1 ( v ZC > ZL tc l i sm pha hn u).
R3
4
Biu thc ca cng dng in qua mch: i = 10cos(100t + /4) (A).
2. Dng bi ton c L hoc C thay i
Bi 5: Cho on mch xoay chiu sau:
104
A
R
L
C B
R 100 (in tr thun) C 31.8 F
F

L: t cm thay i c ca mt cun thun cm

Hiu in th gia hai u AB ca on mch c biu thc: u 200 cos100t(V)
a.Tnh L cng sut tiu th ca on mch cc i.V phc ha dng th ca cng sut tiu th P
ca on mch theo L.
b. Khi L = L1 v L = L2 = L1/2 th cng sut tiu th trn on mch l nh nhau, nhng cng dng
in vung pha nhau. Gi tr L1 v in dung C ln lt l
Gii
a. Khi L thay i Pmax. y l 1 du hiu ca bi ton cng hng. Bi v:
1
1
1
I max Z L Z C L 2
(H )
4
2
.
10
C

P I .R Pmax khi
(100 ) 2 .

2
2
U
(100 2)
Khi : Pmax

200w
R
100
- Kho st s bin thin ca cng sut theo L.
I0

Trang 9

T HC T RN THNG 9

1
2
2
U 2 .R

2
U
R
(

)
P 2
'
2
C
R ( Z L Z C ) khi : P
Z4
Bng bin thin:

1
2C

1
2C

Pmax

U2

Pmax

U2

L
L1

1 L2
2C

b. Vi 2 gi tr ca L cho cng mt cng sut ( hoc cng cng dng in, hoc cng tng tr Z).
ZL
L
Do: L L1 ; L L2 1 Z L2 1
2
2
Z L Z L2 3
Khi : Z L1 Z C Z L2 Z C Z C 1
Z L1 .
2
4
2
Mt khc: tg1.tg 2 1 ( Z L1 Z C )( Z C Z L2 ) R Z L1 4 R 400
ZL
400 4
3
1
104
L1 1
( H ) v Z C .400 300 C

(F )
100
4
100 .300 3
Bi 6: Mch in in tr thun, cun dy v t in ni tip, c C thay i c. in p hai u on
62,5
( F ) th mch tiu th cng sut mch t cc i
mch u 150 2cos(100 t ) (V ). Khi C C1

1
( mF ) th in p hai u on mch RC v cun dy vung pha vi
Pmax = 93,75 W. Khi C C2
9
nhau, in p hiu dng hai u cun dy khi l:
A. 90 V.
B. 120 V.
C. 75 V
D. 75 2 V.
Gii
D tnh c : Z C1 160; Z C 2 90 .
+ Khi C=C1 th cng sut trn mch t cc i ( du hiu ca bi ton cng hng: 1 trong 3 i
Z Z C1
lng L hoc C hoc thay i lm cho Imax , L
).
Cng sut mch :

Pmax I max

U2
U 2 1502
.( R r )
Rr

240
Rr
Pmax 93,5

Z L Z C1 160
Mt khc: Khi C=C2 th:
V u RC uday nn cun dy c cha in tr r.
ZC Z L
.
1 R.r Z C2 .Z L 14400
R r
Ta nhn thy ngay R = r = 120 . Khi

Khi :

U
I2
0,6 A U Lr I 2 Z Lr 120V .
Z'

uur
UL

0
uuu
r
UC

uur
Ud
uu
r uuu
r
Ur UR

r
I

uuuu
r
U RC

Bi 7: t in p xoay chiu n nh vo hai u on mch gm cun dy ni tip vi t in c in

dung C1. Khi dng in trong mch l i 1 v cng sut tiu th ca mch l P 1. Ly mt t in khc
C=4C1 mc song song vi t in C1 th dng in trong mch l i2 v cng sut tiu th l P2. Bit

Trang 10

T HC T RN THNG 9

P1=3P2 v i1 vung pha vi i2. Xc nh gc lch pha 1 v 2 gia in p hai u on mch vi i1 v

i2.
A. 1 / 6 v 2 / 3
B. 1 / 6 v 2 / 3
C. 1 / 4 v 2 / 4
D. 1 / 4 v 2 / 4
Gii
Cng sut ca mch :

P UI cos

U2
P1 cos 21
cos2
1
2
c
os

(1)
R2
P2 cos 22
cos1
3

M C2 C1 C ' 5C1 Z C2

Z C1
5

2 1

(2)
2 1
2
2

Th (2) vo (1) ta c:

cos2 sin 1
1
1

tan 1
1 ;2
cos1 cos1
6
3
3
3

4. Bi ton c ( f ) thay i.
Bi 8: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Cun dy thun cm, c L = 0,159H. T in c in dung

104
F. in tr R = 50. in p hai u on mch
C

biu thc u AB 100 2 cos 2 ft (V). Tn s dng in

thay i. Tm f cng sut ca mch t cc i v tnh gi tr cc i .

Gii:
Cng sut ca mch: P UI cos

U2
R
Z2

V U khng i, R khng i nn Pmax khi Zmin

Ta c Z
in:

2
R 2 Z L Z C , nn Zmin khi ZL = ZC, tc l trong mch c cng hng

2 2
2 LC 1 4 f LC 1
1
f

Tn s
2 LC

1
104
2 0,519.

70,7

(Hz).

Cng sut cc i ca mch:

Pmax

U2
U2
U 2 1002
2 R 2 R

200 (W).
Z min
R
R
50

Bi 9: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC ni tip.

1
104
L ( H ) , R 100 , C
F . u AB 120 2 sin(2 ft ) . Trong f thay i c.

a. Khi f f 0 cng sut trn mch AB l cc i. Tm f 0 v Pmax ? Phc ha th ca P theo ( f ) .

b. Vi P Pmax , chng t c 2 gi tr ca (1 ; 2 ) cho cng mt cng sut. Tm lin h gia
1 ; 2 va 0 .
Gii
a. Khi f bin thin th cm khng v dung khng cng bin i theo:
1
Z L 2 fL; Z C
2 fC
2
Cng sut ca mch: P I .R v R const nn Pmax I max tc l khi xy ra hin tng cng hng.

Trang 11

T HC T RN THNG 9

Khi :

Z L ZC f

1
2 LC

1
1 104
2
.

50 Hz

Cng sut mch t gi tr cc i: Pmax I 2 max .R

U 2 1202

144w
R
100

U2
.R
R 2 (Z L ZC )2
Vi : + 0 Z L 0; Z C P 0
+ 0 100 Z L Z C Pmax 144w
+ Z L ; Z C 0 P 0
Qua ta phc ha c th:
* Hm s P tng qut: P

P
Pmax

102

b. T th cho ta thy vi 2 gi tr ca 1 v 2 cho cng cng sut ( tc l c cng tng tr Z,

cng cng dng in I, hoc cng UR). Khi :
1
1
1
Z1 Z 2 Z1L Z1C Z 2 L Z 2C 1 L

2 L

02
1
2
1C 2C

LC

Nhn xt: i vi nhng bi ton bin lun tm cc tr theo tn s f hoc thng km theo xt trng
hp cng hng ca dng in.
Bi10: Cho mch in nh hnh v:
1
C
L
u AB 100 2cos(100 t )
R
B
A
RA 0; RV
A

0,3
1
( H ); C
(mF ) .

6
a. Tm s ch ca cc dng c o khi R 40 .
2
b. Thay i R cng sut ca mch t gi tr cc i. Tm R v Pmax?
2. Cho R, L c nh, gi tr R1, L1. Thay i C ta thy c 2 gi tr ca C l C1 ; C2 u cho P=100W. Tm
R1 bit Z C1 v Z C2 chnh nhau 80 .
1. Vi L

Gii
1. Ta c: Z L 30; Z C 60
a. Vi R 40 th tng tr: Z R 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2 50
S ch ca ampe k: I

U 100

2A
Z 50

S ch ca vn k 1: U RL I . R 2 Z 2 L 2. 402 302 100V

S ch ca vn k 2: U LC I . Z L Z C 2. 30 60 60V
b. Khi R bin thin lm cho cng sut trn ton mch t gi tr cc i.
U2
U2
2
P I .R 2
R
( Z ZC )2
R ( Z L Z C )2
R L
R
Pmax khi v ch khi mu s min: p dng bt ng thc C si ta c:

Trang 12

T HC T RN THNG 9

(Z L ZC )2
R
2 Z L ZC
R
U2
U 2 102

167 w khi R Z L Z C 30
Vy nn Pmax
2 Z L Z C 2 R 2.30
2
U2
R1 Z L1 Z C U R1 R12 100 R1 R12
2
2
R1 ( Z L Z C )
P
Z Z 100 R R 2
Z L1 Z C1 100 R1 R12

C1
L1
1
1

Z L1 Z C 2 100 R1 R12 ZC 2 Z L1 100 R1 R12

2
2. Ta c: P I .R1

Nn:

Do Z C1 Z C 2 nn Z C 2 Z C1 2 100 R1 R12 80 R12 100 R1 1600 0

Nn R1 c 2 gi tr l R1 20 v R2 20 .
Nhn xt: y l dng bi ton c 2 i lng thay i (R,C) th qu trnh gii bi ton chnh l s kt
hp ca nhng dng ton c bn trn.

CH : BI TP LIN QUAN N GI TR TC THI CA IN P V DNG IN

TRONG MCH IN XOAY CHIU V DAO NG IN T.
(GV: PHM L THANH TNG)

T VN :
Trong cc thi H v C thng cho dng trc nghim xc nh cc gi tr tc thi ca in p hoc dng
in trong mch in xoay chiu.Dng ny c nhiu cch gii.Sau y l 3 cch thng thng . Cch gii

ng s cho KQ ng nhng ta cn b mt vn m phi quan tm n khi gii trc nghim l THI

GIAN LM BI. Sau y ti xin cp mt s kinh nghim gii quyt cc bi ton tc thi qua cc
v d sau:
Xc nh in p tc thi.
t in p xoay chiu c u = 100 2 cost(V) vo hai u on mch gm in tr R ni tip vi t
in C c ZC = R.Ti thi im in p tc thi trn in tr l 50V v ang tng th in p tc thi trn
t l:
A. 50V.
B. 50 3 V.
C. 50V.
D. 50 3 V.

Gii cch 1: Dng phng php i s: R = ZC UR = UC.

ZC

Ta c: U2 = UR2 + Uc2 = 2UR2 UR = 50 2 V = UC. Mt khc: tan =

= 1 =
R
4

1
Suy ra pha ca i l ( t + ). Xt on cha R: uR = U0Rcos( t + ) = 50 cos( t + ) =
4
4
4
2

3
V uR ang tng nn u'R > 0 suy ra sin( t + ) < 0 vy ta ly sin( t + ) =
(1)
4
4
2

v uC = U0C.cos( t + ) = U0C.sin( t + ) (2)

4 2
4
Th U0C = 100V v th (1) vo (2) ta c uC = 50 3 V. Chn B.
Hoc : Do ZC = R => uR =100cos( t +

)V;
4

uC = 100cos(t- /4) V

50 3

50

u(V)

-/3

-/6
) = 50=> cos( t + ) =1/2 =>( t + ) = - /3+k2. (do ang tng)
4
4
4
=> t= -/3 - /4 +k2 = -7/12+k2.
U
Theo : uR =50V => 100cos( t +

0C

Ta c: uC = 100cos(t- /4) = 100cos(-7/12- /4+ k2 )= 100cos(-5/6+ k2) = 100

Trang 13

U0

3U 0 R
50 3V
2

T HC T RN THNG 9

Gii Cch 2: Dng gin vect hay ng trn lng gic:

uR =100cos(t+ /4) (V)

uC = 100cos(t- /4) (V)

Cc vect ti thi im t: in p tc thi trn in tr l 50V
-Vc t UoR hp vi trc ngang u mt gc -/3.
-Do UoC chm pha /2 so vi Vc t UoR nn n
hp vi trc ngang u mt gc: -/2- /3= - 5/6.
-D thy: uC = 100cos(-5 /6)= 50 3 V. Chn B.
-Do ZC = R nn Uo chm pha /4 so vi Vc t UoR, nn n
hp vi trc ngang u mt gc:-3 /4 = -7/12 : u = 100 2 cos(-7/12) = 50 50 3 36, 6V
Gii Cch 3: p dng h thc c lp (cng thc vung pha):
u
U
50
T ZC = R => U0C = U0R = 100V m i = R
cn I 0 0 R
R
R
R
p dng h thc c lp trong on cha t C:
u
( R )2
2
2
2
uC
u
i
2 1 C2 R
1 uC2 7500 uC 50 3V v ang tng nn chn B
2
U
U 0C I 0
100
( 0 R )2
R
*Nhn xt
T v d trn ta thy dng vng trn lng gic hoc dng cc cng thc vung pha s gii nhanh

hn

.Cc cng thc vung pha, cng pha:

Sau y l mt s cng thc c lin quan n cc gi tr tc thi gip ta gii quyt bi tp trc
nghim rt ngn c thi gian
QUAN H GIA CC GI TR TC THI VI GI TR HIU DNG (HAY CC I)
R

1. on xoay chiu ch c tr thun

+Biu thc in p v dng in trong mch: u(t) = U0cos(t + )

u R U 0R
U

cos( t ) R
R
R
R

2 cos( t ) I 0 cos( t )

u 2R
i2
i , u cng pha. 2 2 2cos 2 ( t )
U 0R I0
2. an mch ch c t in :

+Biu thc in p hai u mch in v cng dng in trong mch:

Gi s :
u =U0cost
i = I0cos(t+ /2)
Nu: i =I0cost
u = U0cos(t - /2)
Nu: i =I0cos(t +i ) u = U0cos(t - /2+i)

u tr pha hn i mt gc :
2
2
2
i
u
i2
u2
u2
i2

1
Ta c: 2 2 1 2

2
I 0 U 0C
2I
2U C2
U 2 I2
vi: U0C = I0ZC

=>
ZC

i 2 I 02

Trang 14

T HC T RN THNG 9

vi: Z C

u 22 u 12
i12 i 22

1
2
Cu C i 2 I 02 => Z C
C

3.Mch in xoay chiu ch c cun cm :

+Biu thc dng in trong mch:
L
A
Gi s i =I0cost
+Biu thc in p hai u mch in:
uL = U0cos(t+ /2)
Nu uL =U0cost i =I0cos(t - /2)
Nu i =I0cos(t+i) uL = U0cos(t+ /2+i)

u sm pha hn i mt gc :
2
2
2
2
i
u
i
u2
u 2 i2

1
Ta c: 2 2 1 2

2
I0 U 0L
2I
2U 2L
U2 I2
vi : U0L = I0ZL

u
=> L
ZL

i I
2

2
0

=> Z L

u 22 u 12
i 12 i 22

4.Mch in xoay chiu cha L v C: uLC vung pha vi i:

u LC

U 0 LC

i

I0

u 22 u 12
;
i12 i 22

=> Z LC

5. on mch c R v L : uR vung pha vi uL

uL

U 0L

u
R
U 0R

uL

1 ;
U 0 sin

uR

U 0 cos

6. on mch c R v C: uR vung pha vi uC

uC

U 0C

u
R
U 0R

uC

1 ;
U 0 sin

uR

U 0 cos

U0LC

U0

7. on mch c RLC : uR vung pha vi uLC

u LC

U 0 LC

u
R
U 0R

u LC

U 0 sin

u LC
1 ;
U 0 LC

uR

U 0 cos

i

I0

=> U02 = U0R2 + U0LC2

U0R

u
vi U0LC = U0R tan => LC u 2R U 02 R
tan
8. My pht in xoay chiu mt pha
T thng 0 cos(t ) ;Sut in ng cm ng e
2

e

1
=>
0
E0
9. Mch dao ng LC l tng:

Trang 15

d
0 sin(t ) = E0sin ((t + )
dt

T HC T RN THNG 9

+ in tch trn t in trong mch dao ng: q = Q0 cos(t + ).

q
q
+ in p gia hai bn t in:
u = = U0 cos(t + ). Vi Uo = 0
C
C
Nhn xt: in p gia hai bn t in CNG PHA vi in tch trn t in

); vi I0 = q0.
2
Nhn xt : Cng dng in VUNG PHA VI in tch v in p trn 2 bn t in.

+ Cng dng in trong cun dy: i = q' = - q0sin(t + ) = I0cos(t + +

+ H thc lin h : (

q 2
i
q
i
) ( ) 2 1 Hay: ( ) 2 ( ) 2 1
q0
I0
I0
I0

Suy ra: q 2

q 2
i 2
) (
) 1
q0
.q 0

i12
i22
i2
2
2
2
2
2

Q
Khi
t
=
t
th:
(*)
Khi
t
=
t
th:
(**)
Q

1
2
0
0
1
0
2
2
2
2

2
+T (*) v (**)=>:

i22 i12
i22 i12
1

2
2
2
2
2
q1 q2 C (u1 u2 )
C

+ Tn s gc :

Hay: (

LC

Cc lin h I 0 Q0

i22 i12
u12 u22
Q0
LC

U0

Q0 I 0
L

I0
C C
C

VN DNG:
1. Bi tp:

1
H . thi im t1 cc gi tr tc
3
thi ca u v i ln lt l 100V v -2,5 3 A. thi im t2 c gi tr l 100 3 V v -2,5A. Tm
Gii: Do mch ch c L nn u v i lun vung pha nhau.

Phng trnh ca i c dng: i I 0 cos(t ) I 0 sin t (1)

2
v Phng trnh ca i c dng: u U 0 cos t (2)
Bi 1. t in p u U 0 cos t vo 2 u cun cm thun c L

T (1) v (2) suy ra

I0

2,5 3

I 0

Ta c h

2,5

I 0

U0
2

100 3

U
0

100

U0

U0
200
I0 5
5
120 (rad / s )
M I 0
ZL
L
U 0 200V

Suy ra
1

Bi 2. Mch R ni tip vi C. t vo 2 u mch 1 in p xoay chiu c tn s f=50Hz. Khi in p

tc thi 2 u R l 20 7 V th cng dng in tc thi l 7 A v in p tc thi 2 u t l 45V .

n khi in p 2 u R l 40 3 V th in p tc thi 2 u t C l 30V.Tm C
A: 3.10
8

B: 2.10

C: 10

20 7
45

1
I R
I 0 R 80
0
I 0 Z C

U R UC

2
2
I 0 Z C 60
40 3
30

I 0 Z C
I 0 R
2

Trang 16

D: 10

T HC T RN THNG 9

Li c:

uR
i
20 7
7
2.10 3

I 0 4 Z C 15 C
U 0R I0
80
I0
3 ..

p n B

Bi 3. Mt mch in AB gm t C ni tip vi cun cm thun L. t vo hai u on mch in p xoay

2
. im gia C v L l M. Khi uMB= 40V th uAB c gi tr
LC

chiu c tn s
A. 160V

B. -30V
2
C
2
0C

2
L
2
0L

C. -120V
2
C
2
0C

D. 200V

2
L
2
0L

u
u
i
u
i
u
2 1;
2 1;

; vi U0C = ZCI0 v U0L = ZLI0

U
I0
U
I0
U
U
Z
uL uC L u L 4uC (uL ngc pha vi uC). Vy uAB = uL + uC = -3uC = -120V. p n C
ZC
Bi 4. Mt mch in xoay chiu AB gm mt in tr thun R, mt cun cm thun c t cm L,
mt t in c in dung C thay i c mc ni tip theo ng th t.im M nm gia cun cm v
t in. t vo hai u mch in mt in p xoay chiu u= U 2 cos( t) V, R,L,U, c gi t khng
i. iu chnh in dung ca t in sao cho in p gia hai u on mch MB t gi tr cc i, khi
in p hiu dng gia hai u in tr R l 150V, trong iu kin ny, khi in p tc thi gia hai
u on mch AB l 150 6 th in p tc thi gia hai u on mch AM l 50 6 . in p hiu
dng gia hai u on mch AB l:
A.100 3 V
B.150 2 V
C.150V
D.300V
Gii:+ khi UCmax th UAM vung pha vi UAB, ta c:
Gii: Ta c:

2
2
2
2
2
u AB
u AM
u AB
u AM
1
1
1
1
U AB
U R2

2
v

=> UAB = 300V.p n D

2
2
2
2
2
2
U 02AB U 02AM
U AB
U AM
U R2 U AM
U AB
U AM
U R2U AB
.

Bi 5: on mch xoay chiu AB gm cc on mch : on mch AM cha in tr thun R, on mch MN

cha t in C v on mch NB cha cun dy thun cm mc ni tip nhau. t vo hai u A,B in p xoay
chiu u = U 0 cost (V ) th in p hiu dng trn cc on mch AM, MN, NB ln lt l 30 2V , 90 2V v

60 2V . Lc in p gia hai u AN l 30V th in p gia hai u mch l

A. 81,96

B. 42,43V

Gii 1:
+ lch pha gia u v i: tan

C. 90V

D. 60V

U L UC

1 => u tr pha hn uR mt gc /4
UR
4

Ta c in p HD hai u mch: U U R2 (U L U C )2 60 V => in p cc i hai u mch: U0 =

60 2 V
in p cc i hai u R: U0R = 60V
Khi uR = 30V = U0R/2 => = /3 => = - = /3-/4= /12

Ta c u = U0cos= 60 2 cos(/12) = 81,96 V

p n B

Gii 2:
UR vung pha vi UL (

uR 2
u
) ( L ) 2 1 => uL = 60 3 V
U oR
U 0L

uR vung pha vi UC ta c h thc tng t suy ra uC = 90 3 V

uR

U0R u

A
M

Vy um = uR + uL + uc = 30 +60 3 -90 3 = -21,96V (do uL v uC ngc pha nhau)

hoc um = 30-60 3 +90 3 = 81,96V. p n A
Bi 6: Cho mch in gm in tr thun, cun dy thun cm v t in c C thay i c. iu
chnh in dung sao cho in p hiu dng ca t t gi tr cc i, khi in p hiu dng trn R l
B
Trang 17

T HC T RN THNG 9

75V. Ti thi im , khi in p tc thi hai u mch l 75 V th in p tc thi hai u in tr v

cun dy l 25 V. Gi tr hiu dng ca in p hai u mch l:
A. 75 V
B. 75
C. 150V
D. 150 V
Gii 1:
V gin vc t cho mch nh sau:(Khi UC max)
Tam gic ABN vung ti A.
V gi tr tc thi: uAB = uAN + uNB.
Do uAN = uC = uAB uAN =75 - 25 = 50 (V)
uRL
0,5 600
Vy cos
uC
Xt tam gic AMB: U AB U R / cos 150(V ) . p n C
Gii 2:
*Chnh C U ( qu quen thuc ) khi U = 75V
+Ti thi im , th in p tc thi u = 75V v u = 25 V
Khi C chnh U U + U = U
+Nu v gin vect ta thy AM MB v R Z
U vung pha vi U ( - = 90)
Gi s:u =Ucost =>u = Ucos(t-/2)=U sint (do 2 gc ph nhau)
D dng cos t = v sint =
+ = cost + sint = 1 + = 1 (1)
Tam gic AMB vung ti M suy ra h thc lng trong tam gic vung :
+ = (2) (ng vi U = U )
T y gii h (1) v (2) U = 150V p n C
Bi 7 : on mch xoay chiu cha 3 linh kin R, L, C. on AM cha cun dy thun cm L, MN
50 3
cha R v NB cha C. Bit R = 50 , ZL = 50 3 ; ZC =
. Khi uAN = 80 3 V th uMB = 60V.
3
Gi tr cc i ca uAB l
A. 150V
B. 50 7 V
C. 100V
D. 100 3 V
Gii:
+ ZL.ZC = R2 uAN vung pha vi uMB (V tan AN .tan MB

Z L ZC
.
1 )
R R

u
u MB
+ Quan h cc i lng vung pha: AN
1 I0 =
I0 ZAN I0 ZMB

50 21
2
+ Z = R 2 Z L ZC
U0 = I0Z = 50 7 V. p n B
3

3 (A)

Ghi ch: gp dng cho in p tc thi th thng xt hai i lng vung pha ta mi s dng c H
THC C LP!
Bi 8: Mt mch in AB gm t C ni tip vi cun cm thun L. t vo hai u on mch in p
2
xoay chiu c tn s
. im gia C v L l M. Khi uAM= 40V th uAB c gi tr
LC
A. 160V
B. -30V
C. -120V
D. 200V
Z
2
4
Z L 4Z C .M u L uC L u L 4uC
Gii: Do
=> L
ZC
LC
C
=> uAB= uL+uC= -3uC =-3.40=-120V. Chn C
Bi 9: on mch xoay chiu AB cha 3 linh kin R, L, C. on AM cha L, MN cha R, NB cha C,

R = 50 ; Z L 50 3 , Z L

50
. Khi u AN 80 3V th uMB = 60V . Gi tr cc i ca uAB l:
3

Trang 18

T HC T RN THNG 9

A. 150V.

B. 100V.

C. 50 7V .

D. 100 3V .

Gii: Ta c: tan AN

Z
50
3

Z L 50 3

MB

3 AN ; tan MB C
R
3
6
50 3
R
50
3

u AN 2
uMB 2

1 =>
=>uAN vung pha uMB =>
U 0 AN 2 U 0 MB 2

80 3

I
I R2 Z 2
L
0
0

1 80 3 60 3
I 100 I 100
0
0

R 2 Z C2

60

2
2
2
=> U 0 I 0 R ( Z L Z C ) 3. 50 (50 3

1 I 0 3 A

50 2
) 50 7 V . Chn C
3

Bi 10 (H- 2013): t in p u = 220 2 cos100 t (V) vo hai u on mch mc ni tip gm in

tr 20, cun cm thun c t cm

0,8
103
H v t in c in dung
F. Khi in p tc thi gia

hai u in tr bng 110 3 V th in p tc thi gia hai u cun cm c ln l

A. 330V.
B. 440V.
C. 440 3 V.
D. 330 3 V.
Gii 1: Z 20 2 , I0=11A,
U 0 R I 0 .R 11.20 220V ; U 0 L I 0 .Z L 11.80 880V
U 0L
UR v UL vung pha nn khi:
2
/3
220 3V U 0 R 3
U0R
uR = 110 3 V=> u R 110 3

U
3
0R
2
2
Q0/2R
2
U 0 L 880

440V ( Hnh v). p n B

Th u L
2
2
Z 20 2 I

Gii 2:

uR uL

11
2

U 0R 220 V

U 0L 880 V

uR
u L

uR 110 3
U 0R U 0L

UL

1 uL 440 V

Gii 3:

- 880

600

-440

300

220

1103

- Vng trong ng vi uR , vng ngoi

ng vi uL.

ZL = 80; ZC = 60, => Z = 20 2 => I0 = 11A. U0L = 880V; U0R = 220V

uR = 220cos(100t - ), uL = 880cos(100t - +
) = -880sin(100t - )
2

uR = 220cos(100t - ) = 110

UR

=> cos(100t - ) =

Do ln ca uL l 440V. p n B

Trang 19

1
3
=> sin(100t - ) =
2
2

T HC T RN THNG 9

BI TON V HP KIN
(GV: NGUYN S TUYN)
A. Phng php:
1. Mch in n gin:
a. Nu U NB cng pha vi i suy ra X ch cha R0
b. Nu U NB sm pha vi i gc
c. Nu U NB tr pha vi i gc

suy ra X
2

ch cha L0

suy ra X ch cha C0
2

2. Mch in phc tp:

a. Mch 1
Nu U AB cng pha vi i suy ra X ch cha L0
Nu U AN v U NB to vi nhau gc

AA

suy ra X cha ( R0 , L 0 )
2

b. Mch 2
Nu U AB cng pha vi i suy ra X ch cha C0
Nu U AN v U NB to vi nhau gc

suy ra X cha ( R0 , C0 )
2

Bit :uAB = 200cos100t(V) ;ZC = 100 ; ZL = 200 .

I=2

2(A )

B. p dng
1. Bi ton trong mch in c cha mt hp kn.
V d 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v:

CL

RR
R

X B

; cos = 1; X l on mch gm hai trong

ba phn t (R0, L0 (thun), C0) mc ni tip. Hi X cha nhng linh kin g ? Xc nh gi tr ca cc linh kin .

Gii
Cch 1: Dng phng php gin vc t trt.

Hng dn

U
U

+ Biu din cc in p uAB; uAM; uMN bng cc vc t tng ng.

A B

A M

M R v C
xin gc v tr pha so vi i nn X phi cha
o
o

B3: Da vo gin URo v UCo t tnh Ro; Co

Li gii

Theo bi ra cos = 1 uAB v i cng pha.

UAM = UC = 200

2 (V)UMN = UL = 400 2 (V)

UAB = 100

2 (V)

* Gin vc t trt
V UAB cng pha so vi i nn trn NB (hp X) phi cha in tr Ro v t in Co.

Trang 20

+ Chn trc cng dng in lm trc gc, A l im gc.

U NB

R0

M N

B1: V gin vc t cho on mch bit

B2: Cn c vo d kin ca bi ton

T HC T RN THNG 9

+ URo = UAB IRo = 100

2 Ro =

+ UCo = UL - UC I . ZCo = 200

100 2
2 2

2 ZCo =

50()
200 2
2 2

100() Co =

1
100 .100

104

(F )

.
V d 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v
uAB = 120(V); ZC = 10 3()

R = 10();

R
M

uAN = 60 6 sin100 t (v) ;UAB = 60(v)

a. Vit biu thc uAB(t)
b. Xc nh X. Bit X l on mch gm hai trong ba phn t (R o, Lo (thun), Co) mc ni tip
Gii:
a. V gin vc t cho on mch bit A
Phn cn li cha bit hp kn cha g v vy ta gi s n l mt vc t bt k tin theo chiu dng in sao cho:
NB = 60V, AB = 120V, AN = 60

3V

+ Xt tham gic ANB, ta nhn thy AB 2 = AN2 + NB2, vy l

tam gic vung ti N
tg =

NB
AN

60
60 3

UAB sm pha so vi UAN 1 gc

6
6

AB

Biu thc uAB(t): uAB= 120 2 sin 100 t (V)

6

b. Xc nh X :

uuu
r

U
D

T gin ta nhn thy NB cho ln m trong X ch cha 2 trong 3 phn t nn X phi cha Ro v Lo. Do ta

uuuur uuuur

v thm c U R ; U L nh hnh v.
0
0
+ Xt tam gic vung AMN: tg

+ Xt tam gic vung NDB :

UR
UC

R
ZC

1
3

3
U R U NB cos 60.
30 3(V )
2
O
1
U L U NB sin 60. 30(V )
2
O

Trang 21

T HC T RN THNG 9

Mt khc: UR = UANcos = 60 3.

Z
L0

1
2

30 3(v) ; I

30 3
10

3 3( A) R0

UR
O 30 3 10()
I
3 3

UL
0,1
O 30 10 () L 10

(H )
O
I
3 3
3
100 3
3

V d 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v: Bit u AB = const; uAN = 180 2 sin 100 t (V ) .ZC = 90(); R = 90();
2

uAB = 60 2 cos 100 t (V )

R
M

a. Vit biu thc uAB(t)

b. Xc nh X. Bit X l on mch gm hai trong ba phn t (R O, Lo (thun), CO) mc ni tip.
Phn tch bi ton: Trong v d 3 ny ta cha bit cng dng in cng nh lch pha ca cc in
pso vi cng dng in nn gii theo phng php i s s gp nhiu kh khn. V d 3 ny cng khc v d

2 ch cha bit trc U AB c ngha l tnh cht c bit trong v

d 2 khng s dng c. Tuy nhin ta li bit lch pha gia
uAN v uNB, c th ni y l mu cht gii ton.

Gii

a. V gin vc t cho on mch bit AN.

U
A

A B

Phn cn li cha bit hp kn cha g, v vy ta gi s

n l mt vc t bt k tin theo chiu dng in sao cho uNB sm

pha

U
D

so vi uAN
2
+ Xt tam gic vung ANB

* tan =

NB
AN

U NB

U AN

60
180

1
3

800 = 0,1(rad)

uAB sm pha so vi uAN mt gc 0,1

2
2
2
* U AB U AN U NB = 1802 + 602 1900 UAb = 190(V)

biu thc uAB(t): uAB = 190 2 cos 100 t

0,1 = 190 2 cos 100 t 0, 4 (V )

2

b. T gin ta nhn thy NB cho ln m trong X ch cha hai trong 3 phn t trn X phi cha R O v

uuuuu
r uuuuu
r

LO. Do ta v thm c U R ; U L nh hnh v.

O
O
+ Xt tam gic vung AMN: tan

UC = UAN.cos = 180.

2
2

UR
UC

90 2 I

R
ZC
UC
ZC

90
90

90 2
90

Trang 22

= 450
2( A)

T HC T RN THNG 9

2
30 2
U R U NB cos 60.
30 2(V ) R0
30()
2
2
O

+ Xt tam gic vung NDB

= 450 ULo = URo= 30
LO

30
100

2 (V) ZLo = 30()

0, 3

(H )

2. Bi ton trong mch in c cha hai hp kn

V d 1: Mt mch in xoay chiu c s nh hnh

v.Trong hp X v Y ch c mt linh kin hoc in tr, hoc cun

3V . Cng sut tiu th ca on

cm, hoc l t in. Ampe k nhit (a) ch 1A; U AM = UMB = 10VUAB = 10

mch AB l P = 5

6 W. Hy xc nh linh kin trong X v Y v ln ca cc i lng c trng cho cc linh

kin . Cho bit tn s dng in xoay chiu l f = 50Hz.

* Phn tch bi ton: Trong bi ton ny ta c th bit c gc lch (Bit U, I, P ) nhng on mch ch
cha hai hp kn. Do nu ta gii theo phng php i s th phi xt rt nhiu tr. hp, mt tr.hp phi gii vi
s lng rt nhiu cc phng trnh, ni chung l vic gii gp kh khn. Nhng nu gii theo phng php gin
vc t trt s trnh c nhng kh khn . Bi ton ny mt ln na li s dng tnh cht c bit ca tam
gic l: U = UMB; UAB = 10 3V 3U AM tam gic AMB l cn c 1 gc bng 300.
Gii:
H s cng sut: cos

cos

UI

5 6
1.10 3

2
2

Tr.hp 1: uAB sm pha

so vi i gin vc t
4
V:

U AB 3U AM

U AB
2U AM

10 3
2.10

AMB l cn v UAB = 2UAMcos cos =

45

cos =

3
2

30

15

300

U
K

UA

U AM U MB

a. uAB sm pha hn uAM mt gc 300

UAM sm pha hn so vi i 1 gc X = 450 - 300 = 150
X phi l 1 cun cm c tng tr ZX gm in tr thun RX v t cm LX
Ta c: Z
X

U AM
I

10
1

10() .Xt tam gic AHM: +

UR

U X cos150 R X Z X cos150
X

RX

10.cos150 = 9,66()
0
0
0
2, 59
U 24(
R Y mH )
8,
+ U L U X sin15 Z L Z X sin15 10 sin15 2, 59() L X K
B
X
X
100

UL
(v i xng) UMB sm pha so vi i mt gc UYY = 900 - 150 = 750
UR M
H

Y l mt cun cm c in tr RY v t cm LY

Xt tam gic vung MKB: MBK

= 15

30

Trang 23

45

AB

T HC T RN THNG 9

+ RY = Z L (v UAM = UMB. RY = 2,59()

X
+ Z L R X = 9,66() LY = 30,7m(H)
Y
b. uAB tr pha hn uAM mt gc 300
Tng t ta c:
+ X l cun cm c tng tr
ZX =

U AM
I

10
1

10()

Cun cm X c in tr thun RX v t cm LX vi RX =

A
450

2,59(); RY=9,66()
* Tr.hp 2: uAB tr pha

300

so vi i, khi u AM v uMB cng tr pha hn i

(gc 150 v 750). Nh vy mi hp phi cha t in c tng tr Z X, ZX

gm in tr thun RX, RY v
dung khng CX, CY. Tr.hp ny khng th tho mn v t in khng c in tr.

Nhn xt: n bi ton ny hc sinh bt u cm thy kh khn v n i hi hc sinh phi c c phn

on tt, c kin thc tng hp v mch in xoay chiu kh su sc. khc phc kh khn, hc sinh phi n tp
l thuyt tht k v c k nng tt trong b mn hnh hc.
V d 2: Cho hai hp kn X, Y ch cha 2 trong ba phn
t: R, L (thun), C mc ni tip. Khi mc hai im A, M vo hai

X
v1

cc ca mt ngun in mt chiu th Ia = 2(A), UV1 = 60(V).

v2

Khi mc hai im A, B vo hai cc ca mt ngun in xoay chiu tn s 50Hz th I a = 1(A), Uv1 = 60v; UV2 =
80V,UAM lch pha so vi UMB mt gc 1200, xc nh X, Y v cc gi tr ca chng.
* Phn tch bi ton: y l mt bi ton c s dng n tnh cht ca dng in 1 chiu i vi cun cm

v t in. Khi gii phi lu n vi dng in 1 chiu th = 0 ZL = 0 v

ZC

1
. Cng ging nh
C

phn tch trong v d 1 bi ton ny phi gii theo phng php gin vc t (trt).
Gii
* V X cho dng in mt chiu i qua nn X khng cha t in. Theo bi th X cha 2 trong ba phn t nn
X phi cha in tr thun (R X) v cun dy thun cm (L X). Cun dy thun cm khng c tc dng vi dng
in mt chiu nn:

RX =

UV
1 60 30()
I
2

* Khi mc A, B vo ngun in xoay chiu

ZAM =

UV
1 60 60() R 2 Z 2
X
LX
I
1

Trang 24

T HC T RN THNG 9

Z L 602 302 3.302 Z L 30 3() ;

X
X

tanAM=

ZL

X 3
600
AM
RX

* V gin vc t cho on AM. on mch MB tuy cha bit nhng chc chn trn gin n l mt vct tin
theo chiu dng in, c di =

UV

= 80V v hp vi vc t

AB

mt gc 1200 ta v c gin vc t

cho ton mch

.T gin vc t ta thy

MB

buc phi cho xung th mi

tin theo chiu dng in, do Y phi cha in tr thun (RY)

v t in CY.

r x

1
U R U MB sin300 80. 40(V )
2

M
30

100

0, 4 3

AM

U
0

30

60

3
U L U MB cos 300 80.
40 3(V ) Z L 40 3()
A
2
Y
Y
40 3

l x

U
30

rx

(H )

r y

MB

UR
Y 40 40()
RY
I
1

120

LY

l x

AM

+ Xt tam gic vung MDB

AM

cy

AB

V d 3: t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng U vo hai u mt hp en X th dng in trong mch c gi

tr hiu dng 0,25 A v sm pha /2 so vi in p hai u hp en X. Cng t in p vo hai u hp en Y
th dng in trong mch vn c cng hiu dng l 0,25 A nhng cng pha vi in p hai u on mch.
Nu t in p trn vo hai u on mch X v Y mc ni tip(X,Y ch cha 1 phn t) th cng hiu dng
ca dng in trong mch l
A.

2
A.
4

B.

2
A.
8

C.

2
A.
2

D.

Hng dn : khi hp en l X ta c : i nhanh pha hn u 1 lng

2 A.

nn X l t in c dung khng ZC=U/I1

2

=U/0,25 ; khi hp en l Y th i cng pha vi u nn hp Y l in tr R=U/I 2=U/0,25 khi mc X,Y ni tip ta c

U
U
I

0, 25
2
2
2
U
I
=
U
U
2

8
2
0, 25
0, 252 0, 252
3. Bi ton ny trong mch in c cha ba hp kn
V d1: Cho mch in cha ba linh kin ghp ni tip: R,
L (thun) v C. Mi linh kin cha trong mt hp kn X, Y,
Z

M
*

N
*

t vo hai u A, B ca mch in mt in pxoay chiu u 8 2 sin 2ft(V ) . Khi f = 50Hz, dng mt

vn k o ln lt c UAM = UMN = 5V,

UNB = 4V; UMB = 3V. Dng ot k o cng sut mch c P =

1,6W .Khi f 50Hz th s ch ca ampe k gim. Bit RA O; RV

a. Mi hp kn X, Y, Z cha linh kin g ?
b. Tm gi tr ca cc linh kin.
* Phn tch bi ton: Bi ton ny s dng ti ba
hp kn, cha bit I v nn khng th gii theo phng
php i s, phng php gin vc t trt l ti u cho

UM

M N

Trang 25A

A M

M B

M N

T HC T RN THNG 9

bi ny. Bn cnh hc sinh phi pht hin ra khi f = 50Hz c hin tng cng hng in v mt ln na bi
ton li s dng n tnh cht a2 = b2 + c2 trong mt tam gic vung.
Gii
Theo u bi: U
AB

8 2
2

8(V )

Khi f = 50Hz thUAM = UMN = 5V; UNB = 4V;

UMB = 3V
2
2
2
+ UAB = UAM + UMB (8 = 5 + 3) ba im A, M v B thng hng U MN U NB U MB (52 = 42 +

Nhn thy:

32)
Ba im M, N, B to thnh tam gic vung ti B.
Gin vc t ca on mch c dng nh hnh v.

uuur

uuur uuur

uuur

uuuuur

Trong on mch in khng phn nhnh RLC ta c U C U R ; U C mun pha hn U R U AM biu din
in phai u in tr R (X cha R) v

U AM

pha so vi

mt gc MN <

U NB

biu din in phai u t in (Z cha C.. Mt khc

chng t cun cm L c in tr thun r,

U MB

biu din

Ur

U MN

sm

v Y cha

cun cm c t cm L v in tr thun r.
b. f 50Hz th s ch ca (a) gim khi f = 50Hz th trong mch c cng hng in.
cos 1 P I .U AB I
R

UA
I

20
100

1, 6

v Z L ZC I
0, 2( A)
U AB
8

25() Z L ZC
0, 2

0, 2

( H ) v C

1
20.100

U NB
I

103
2

3
0, 2

15()

(F ) ; r

Ur
I

U MB
I

3
0, 2

15()

Nhn xt: Qua su v d trnh by qua ba dng bi tp trnh by trn ta thy y l loi bi tp i hi
kin thc tng hp, a dng trong cch gii nhng c th ni phng php gin vc t trt l cch gii ti u
cho loi bi tp ny. Phng php ny c th gii c t bi tp d (c th gii bng phng php i s) cho n
nhng bi tp kh ch gii c bng phng php gin vc t. Ngay c khi gii bng phng php gin vc
t th v theo gin vc t trt cng s cho gin n gin v da vo gin vc t bin lun bi ton c
d dng hn.

Trang 26

T HC T RN THNG 9

MY PHT IN V NG C IN
MY BIN P V TRUYN TI IN NNG
(GV: BI VN TUN)
i vi chng my bin p & Truyn ti in nng v ng c in ca phn in hc lp 12
c rt nhiu dng ton khc nhau, mi dng c c th ring, cch lm ring. Trong s cc dng ton c
dng ton v my bin p & Truyn ti in nng v ng c in . Dng ton ny khng phi l dng ton
kh so vi cc dng ton khc trong chng, nhng nu lm th n li chim nhiu thi gian ca hc sinh.
Do vy ngoi phng php gii truyn thng chng ta nn cp cho hc sinh cch gii nhanh hn..
Di y l phng php lm v mt s bi ton thng thng gip hc sinh bit cch gii dng ton
ny .
PHN 1: My pht in v ng c in
I.Tm tt l thuyt:
MY PHT IN V NG C IN.
1.1. Phng php gii chung:
- p dng cc kt qu v my pht in xoay chiu mt pha:

r ur
n
+ Ti t = 0, ta c , B 0 th t thng qua mt vng dy:

= BScost = o cost
+ Sut in ng xoay chiu trong mi cun dy:

e N

d
N o sin t Eo sin t .
dt

+ Tn s dng in: f = np.

- p dng cc kt qu v dng in ba pha lin quan n in p v cng dng in ng vi mi
cch mc:

3U p ; I d I p
uu
r ur uu
r ur r
* Khi ti i xng th : I th I1 I 2 I 3 0 I th 0 .

+ Mc hnh sao: U d

* V gin Fre-nen nu cn thit.

+ Mc hnh tam gic: U d U p

I d 3I p

Ch : khi mch in ngoi h, dng in trong cc cun dy ca my pht bng 0.

- i vi ng c in ba pha, cc bi ton thng lin quan n cng sut:
+ Cng sut tiu th: P 3U p I p cos

3U d I d cos .

+ Cng sut hao ph do ta nhit: P = 3I 2R (vi R l in tr thun mt cun dy ca ng

c).

Trang 27

T HC T RN THNG 9

+ Hiu sut: H

Pi
(vi Pi l cng sut c hc)
P

Bi 1My pht in xoay chiu mt pha m phn cm gm hai cp cc v phn ng gm 4 cun dy

ging ht nhau mc ni tip, c sut in ng hiu dng l 120V v tn s 50Hz, Hy tnh s vng mi
cun dy, bit t thng cc i qua mi vng l 5.10-3Wb.
Cc mi lin h :
- Tn s dng in : f np n

f
(vng / s)
p

- T thng qua mi vng dy: = ocost.

- Gi N l s vng dy ca mi cun dy. Phn ng gm 4 cun dy nn s vng dy ca 4
cun dy l 4N (vng).

d
4 NBS sin t
dt
4 NBS
Sut in ng hiu dng ca my: E
N.
2

- Sut in ng ca my: e 4 N

Bi gii:
Tc quay ca rto: f np n

f 50

25 (vng / s).
p 2

T thng qua mi vng dy: = ocost.

Sut in ng ca my: e 4 N
ca mi cun dy).

d
4 N o sin t Eo sin t (vi N l s vng dy
dt

Eo 4 N o

.
2
2
E 2
120 2
N

27 (vng).
4 o 4.5.103.2 .50

Sut in ng hiu dng ca my: E

Bi 2. ng c in xoay chiu mt pha mc vo mng xoay chiu mt pha h p vi U = 110V. ng

c sinh ra mt cng sut c hc P i = 60W. Bit hiu sut l 0,95 v dng in qua ng c I = 0,6A. Hy
tnh in tr ca ng c v h s cng sut ca ng c.
Cc mi lin h :
- p dng cc cng thc hiu sut, cng sut tiu th, cng sut ta nhit tm R v cos.

Pi
P
cng sut tiu th P i .
P
H
P
+ H s cng sut cos
.
UI
+ Cng sut ta nhit ca ng c: PN P Pi .
P
2
+ PN I R in tr ca ng c R N2 .
I
+ Hiu sut H

Bi gii:

Pi
0,95
P
Pi
60

63,12 (W)
Cng sut tiu th P
H 0,95
P
63,12

0,956
H s cng sut : cos
UI 110.0,6
Hiu sut ca ng c: H

Trang 28

T HC T RN THNG 9

Cng sut ta nhit ca ng c: PN = P - Pi = 63,12 60 = 3,12 (W).

2
M PN I R R

PN 3,12

8,67 .
I 2 0.62

Bi 3. Mt ng c in ba pha mc vo mng in ba pha c in p dy

U d = 220V. Bit rng
cng dng in dy l Id = 10A v h s cng sut
cos = 0,8. Tnh cng sut tiu th ca ng
c.
Cc mi lin h :
- Cng sut tiu th ca ng c in ba pha: P 3U p I p cos .
- Xt hai trng hp: mc ng c in ba pha theo cch mc hnh sao v mc hnh tam gic.

Ud
, I p I d P 3U p I p cos 3U d I d cos .
3
Id
+ Mc tam gic: U d U p , I p
P 3U p I p cos 3U d I d cos .
3
+ Mc hnh sao: U p

- Vy trong c hai trng hp mc hnh sao v mc tam gic ta u c kt qu nh nhau.

Bi gii:

Cng sut tiu th ca ng c in ba pha: P 3U p I p cos .

- Nu cc cun dy ca ng c u kiu hnh sao, ta c:

Up

Ud
3

I p Id

- Nu cc cun dy ca ng c u kiu tam gic, ta c:

Ud U p

Ip

Id
3

Trong c hai trng hp, ta u c kt qu:

P 3U p I p cos 3U d I d cos 3.220.10.0,8 3048 (W).

Bi 4. Mt my in xoay chiu ba pha c in p l 220V,tn s 50Hz c mc kiu hnh sao,ti tiu
th mc kiu tam gic.cc ti i xng, mi ti gm 1 ng y c in tr hot ng l r = 10 , t
cm L=

0,1

H mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C=

A:21,78KW

B:2,42kW

C:65,34KW

10 3
F.cng su tiu th ca mch l:
2

D:7,26KW

Bi gii:
in p t vo mi ti tiu th l ink p dy ca ngun: Ud = 3 U = 220 3 (V)
Tng tr ca mi ti: Z = r 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2 = 10 2
( ZL = 10; ZC = 20)
U
Dng in qua mi ti I = d = 11 6 (A)
Z
Cng sut tiu th P = 3I2r = 3.121.6.10 = 21780 W = 21,78 kW. Chn p n A
Bi 5. Mt ng c in xoay chiu khi hot ng bnh thng vi in p hiu dng 220 V th sinh ra
cng sut c hc l 80 W. Bit ng c c h s cng sut 0,8, in tr thun ca dy cun l 32 , cng
sut to nhit nh hn cng sut c hc. B qua cc hao ph khc, cng dng in cc i qua ng
c l
A.

2 A.

B. 1,25 A.

C. 0,5 A.

D.

2
A.
2

Bi gii:
- Theo nh lut bo ton nng lng: UIcos = PC + I2R
- Gii phng trnh bc 2 vi n I, ta c I = ( ly gi tr nh cng sut ta nhit nh hn PC)
=> suy ra I0 =

2
A.
2

MY BIN P V TRUYN TI IN NNG.

Trang 29

T HC T RN THNG 9

Phng php gii chung:

2.1. My bin p:
Mch th cp khng ti:

U 2 N2

( N2<N1 : gim p , N2>N1 : tng p )

U1 N1

Mch th cp c ti: (l tng:

U 2 E2 I1 N 2

U1 E1 I 2 N1

Trong :
U1 (l in p hiu dng); E1 (sut in ng hiu dng); I1 (cng hiu dng); N1 (s vng dy): ca
cun s cp
U2 ( l in p hiu dng); E2 (sut in ng hiu dng); I2 (cng hiu dng); N2 ( s vng dy):
ca cun th cp
Pthu cap U 2 .I 2 .cos2

Hiu sut ca my bin p :

H=
Pso cap U1 .I1 .cos1
Trong : cos1 v cos2 : l h s cng sut ca cun s cp v th cp.
(Hiu sut ca my bin p thng rt cao trn 95% )
2.2.Truyn ti in nng:
2
PPhat
r
Cng sut hao ph trn ng dy ti in: Php =
2
U Phat
PPht , UPht : l c/sut & HT ni pht; Nu co < 1 th : Php = P
-Khi tng U ln n ln th cng sut hao ph Php gim i n2 ln.

P2
r
U 2 cos 2
U1

U2

gim th trn dy dn: U = R.I = U 1 U 2 = P.R

Ir
l
Vi: r ( hayRd): ( Rd ) l in tr tng cng ca dy ti in (lu : dn in bng 2 dy)
S
: in tr sut v: .m;
l: chiu di dy dn v: m;
S: tit din dy dn : v: m2
I : Cng dng in trn dy ti in
P : l cng sut truyn i ni cung cp; U: l in p ni cung cp
cos: l h s cng sut ca dy ti in
P
P P
Hiu sut ti in: H 2 1
%.
P1
P1
Vi: P1 : Cng sut truyn i.
P2 : Cng sut nhn c ni tiu th .
P : Cng sut hao ph
P
.100 v: %
- Phn trm cng sut b mt mt trn ng dy ti in:
P
Bi 1: Mt ng dy ti in xoay chiu mt pha n ni tiu th xa 6 km. Gi thit dy dn lm bng
nhm c in tr sut = 2,5.10-8 m v c tit din 0,5cm2. in p v cng sut truyn i trm pht
in ln lt l U = 6 kV, P = 540 kW. H s cng sut ca mch in l cos = 0,9. Hy tm cng sut
hao ph trn ng dy v hiu sut truyn ti in.
Cc mi lin h :
y l bi ton n gin, ta ch p dng cng thc tnh ton:
- in tr ca dy ti in: R

l
.
S

- Cng sut P UI cos I

P
.
U cos

- Cng sut hao ph trn dy: P = I2R.

Trang 30

T HC T RN THNG 9

- Hiu sut truyn ti:

Bi gii:

P'
P P
.100%
.100%
P
P

l
6000
2,5.108
3
S
0,5.104
P
Cng dng in trn dy: P UI cos I
U cos
540
I
100 A
6.0,9
in tr ca dy dn ti in: R

Cng sut hao ph trn dy: P = I2R = 1002.3 = 30 kW

Hiu sut truyn ti in nng:

P P
540 30
.100%
.100% 94,4%
P
540

Bi 2: in nng c truyn t trm tng p n trm h p nh h thng dy dn c in tr R = 20.

Cm khng v dung khng khng ng k. u ra cun th cp my h p c cng sut 12 kW vi cng

N1
10 . B qua hao ph my bin
N2

100A. My h p c t s vng dy ca cun s cp v th cp l

p. Hy tm in p hiu dng cun th cp ca my tng p.

Cc mi lin h :
- V s n gin ca h thng truyn ti in nng nh my bin p.

'

'

- Tm in p hai u cun th cp U 2 v s cp ca my h p U1 :

P2'
U '
I2
'
2

U 2' N 2

U1' .
'
U1 N1
'
1:

- Tm dng in qua cun s cp my h p I

I1' N 2

I1' .
'
I 2 N1

- Dng in qua cun s cp my h p chnh bng dng in chy qua dy dn ti in c in tr R

'
gim p trn ng dy: U I1R .
- Vy in p hai u cun th cp my tng p bng tng in p hai u cun dy s cp my h p
v gim in p trn ng dy.
U 2 U U1' .
Bi gii:
in p hai u cun th cp ca my h p:
3

P ' 12.10
U 2'
120 V
I2
100
'
2

in p hai u cun s cp my h p:

U 2' N 2
N

U1' U 2' 1 120.10 1200 V

'
U1 N1
N2

Trang 31

T HC T RN THNG 9

I1' U 2'
V b qua hao ph ca my bin p nn P P ' '
I 2 U1
N
1
I1' I 2' 2 100. 10 A
N1
10
'
1

'
2

Dng in qua cun s cp my h p chnh bng dng in chy qua dy dn ti in c in tr R.

'
gim p trn ng dy: U I1R 10.20 200 V.
Vy in p hai u cun th cp my tng p l:
U 2 U U1' 200 1200 1400 V.
Bi 3: in nng t mt trm pht in c a n mt khu ti nh c bng ng dy truyn ti mt
pha. Cho bit, nu in p ti u truyn i tng t U ln 2U th s h dn c trm cung cp in
nng tng t 120 ln 144. Cho rng chi tnh n hao ph trn ng dy, cng sut tiu th in ca cc
h dn u nh nhau, cng sut ca trm pht khng i v h s cng sut trong cc trng hp u
bng nhau. Tnh s h dn m trm pht ny cung cp in nng khi in p truyn i l 4U
Cch 1 :
Gi P0 l cng sut tiu th in ca mi h dn ; P l cng sut ca trm pht ; P1 l cng sut hao ph
trn dy ti lc u . Ta c : P = 120P0 + P1

(1)

Khi tng in p ln 2U , tng t nh trn ta c : P = 144P0 + P2 = 144P0 + P1/4 (2)

T (1) v (2) ta c : P1 = 32 P0 P = 152 P0
Khi tng in p ln 4U : P = N P0 + P1/16
Hay : 152 P0 = N P0 + 2 P0 N = 150
Cch 2:
P2
R (Vi R l in tr trn ng dy, P l cng sut ca trm pht, U l in
U2
p truyn, P0 l cng sut tiu th ca mi h dn)
P2
Ta c: P = 2 R + 120.P0
(1)
U
P2
P=
R + 144.P0
(2)
4.U 2
P2
P=
R + x.P0
(3)
16.U 2
+ t (1)v (2): P = 152P0
(4)
+ t (3) v (1), kt hp vi (4) ta c: 15.152.P0 = (16x-120)P0
=> x = 150 H dn
Bi 4 (H-2010): t vo hai u cun s cp ca mt my bin p l tng (b qua hao ph) mt in
p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng khng i th in p hiu dng gia hai u cun th cp h l 100
V. cun th cp, nu gim bt n vng dy th in p hiu dng gia hai u h ca n l U, nu
tng thm n vng dy th in p l 2U. Nu tng thm 3n vng dy cun th cp th in p hiu
dng gia hai u h ca cun ny bng
A. 100 V.
B. 200 V.
C. 220 V.
D. 110 V.
Cch 1 :

Cng sut hao ph P

Trang 32

T HC T RN THNG 9

in p hiu dng hai u mch cun s cp khng i, gi s vng ca ca cun s cp v th cp ln

lt l N1 v N2. Khi in p hai u cun th cp l 100V, ta c:
U 0 N1
U
U
U
N1
N1
N1
U
n

(1); 0
(2); 0
(3); 0
(4) . Ly (1): (2) ta c:
1
(5) ,
100 N 2
U N2 n
2U N 2 n
U 3n N 2 3n
100
N2
2U
n
1
(6) . Ly (6)+(5), ta c U=200V/3, thay vo (5), ta c n/N2=1/3,
ly (3):(1), ta c:
100
N2
U0
U
U
N
1 (4' ) , kt hp vi (1) => 0 0 => U3n=200V
suy ra: 3n = N2 thay vo (4), ta c
U 3n 2 N 2
U 3n 200
Cch 2 :
Theo bi ta c:
100 n 2
200 2n 2

(1)
U1 n1
U1
n1
U n2 n
2 U 2( n n 2 )

(2)
U1
n1
U1
n1
2U n 2 n
2U n 2 n

(3)
U1
n1
U1
n1
Cng v theo v cc phng trnh (1); (2) v (3) ta c:
200 n 2 3n
U 2 n 2 3n

mt khc:
Vy: U2 = 200V
U1
n1
U1
n1
Bi 5: Mt ngi nh cun mt bin th t hiu in th U1 = 110V ln 220V vi li khng phn
nhnh, khng mt mt nng lng v cc cun dy c in tr rt nh , vi s vng cc cun ng vi 1,2
vng/Vn. Ngi cun ng hon ton cun th cp nhng li cun ngc chiu nhng vng cui ca
cun s cp. Khi th my vi ngun th cp o c U2 = 264 V so vi cun s cp ng yu cu thit
k, in p ngun l U1 = 110V. S vng dy b cun ngc(sai) l:
A 20
B 11
C . 10
D 22
Cch 1 :
Gi s vng cc cun dy ca MBA theo ng yu cu l N1 v N2
N 1 110 1

N2 = 2N1 (1) Vi N1 = 110 x1,2 = 132 vng

N 2 220 2
Gi n l s vng dy b cun ngc. Khi ta c
N1 2n 110
N 2n 110

(2)
N2
264
2 N1
264
Thay N1 = 132 vng ta tm c n = 11 vng.
Cch 2 :

Ta c

Khi cun s cp b cun ngc n vng th sut in ng cm ng xut hin cc cun s cp v th cp

ln lt l
e1 = (N1-n)e0 ne0 = (N1 2n) e0 vi e0 sut in ng cm ng xut hin mi vng dy.
e2 = N2e0
N 1 2n e1 E1 U 1
N 2n 110

Do
N2
e2 E 2 U 2
N2
264
Bi 6: Mt ngi nh qun mt my h p t in p U1 = 220 (V) xung U2 =110 (V) vi li khng
phn nhnh, xem my bin p l l tng, khi my lm vic th sut in ng hiu dng xut hin trn
mi vng dy l 1,25 Vn/vng. Ngi qun ng hon ton cun th cp nhng li qun ngc
chiu nhng vng cui ca cun s cp. Khi th my vi in p U1 = 220V th in p hai u cun th
cp o c l 121(V). S vng dy b qun ngc l:
A. 9
B. 8
C. 12
D. 10
Cch 1 :

Trang 33

T HC T RN THNG 9

Gi s vng cc cun dy ca MBA theo ng yu cu l N1 v N2

N 1 220

2 N1 = 2N2 (1) Vi N1 = 220 /1,25 = 176 vng

Ta c
N 2 110
Gi n l s vng dy b cun ngc. Khi ta c
N1 2n 220
N 2n 220
N 1 2n 110

N1
N2
121
121 (2) =>
N1
121
2
121(N1 2n) = 110N1 => n = 8 vng.
Cch 2 :
Khi cun s cp b cun ngc n vng th sut in ng cm ng xut hin cc cun s cp v th cp
ln lt l
e1 = (N1-n)e0 ne0 = (N1 2n) e0 vi e0 sut in ng cm ng xut hin mi vng dy.
e2 = N2e0
N1 2n e1 E1 U 1
N 2n 220

Do
N2
e2 E 2 U 2
N2
121

L thuyt phn qun ngc MBA:

Do my bin p l l tng, in tr trong cun s v th cp coi nh bng 0 nn u = e
S vng qun ngc to ra sut in ng chng li cc vng qun thun.
Sut in ng t cm trong mi vng dy l e0
Goi n1 l s vng qun nguc cun s cp. Khi trong cun s cp c N 1 n1 vng qun thun v n1
vng qun nguc nn Sut in ng t cm trong cun s cp l
u1 e1 ( N1 n1 )e0 n1e0 ( N 1 2n1 )e0

Tng t Sut in ng t cm trong cun th cp l:

u 2 e2 ( N 2 n2 )e0 n2 e0 ( N 2 2n2 )e0

U1 N1 2n1

U 2 N 2 2n2
Bi 1: t vo hai u cun s cp ca mt my bin p l tng mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr
khng i th hiu in th hiu dng gia hai u mch th cp khi h l 100V. cun s cp ,khi ta
gim bt o n vng dy th hiu in th hiu dng gia hai u mch th cp khi h l U;nu tng n
vng dy cun s cp th hiu in th hiu dng gia hai u mch th cp khi h l U/2.Ga tr ca
U l:
A. 150V.
B. 200V
C. 100V
D. 50V
Cch 1 :

Ta c:

Gi in p hiu dng t vo cun s cp l U1, s vng dy cun s cp v th cp l N1 v N2

U1
N
U 1 N1 n
2U 1 N 1 n
1 (1)

Ta c:
(2)
(3)
1`00 N 2
U
N2
U
N2
Ly (1) : (2) =>
Ly (1) : (3) =>
Ly (4) : (5) =>

U
1`00
U
2`00

N1
N1 n

(4)

N1
N1 n

(5)

200 N 1 n

N 1 n 2 N 1 2 N 1 3n
1`00 N 1 n

Trang 34

T HC T RN THNG 9

N1
150 (V) Chn A
N1 n
Bi 2: ngi ta truyn ti in nng t A n B. A dng mt my tng th v B dng h th, dy dn
t A n B c in tr 40.cng dng in trn dy l 50A.cng sut hao ph bng trn dy bng 5%
cng sut tiu th B v hiu in th hai u cun th cp ca my h th l 200V .bit dng in v
hiu th lun cng pha v b qua hao ph trn my bin th.t s bin i ca my h th l:
A:0,005
B:0.05
c:0,01
D:0.004
Cch 1 :

T (4) => U = 100

Gi cng dng in qua cuon s cp v th cp ca my h th l I1 v I2

Cng sut hao ph trn ng dy: P = I12R = 0,05U2I2
U 2 I 1 0,05U 2 0,05.200

0,005 . Chn A.
T s bin i ca my h th : k =
U1 I 2
I1R
50.40
Bi tp rn luyn :
Trong cc bi tp trc nghim sau , p n ng c in m hn
Bi 1: Khi thay th dy truyn ti in bng mt dy khc cng cht liu nhng c ng knh tng gp
i th hiu sut ti in l 91%. Hi khi thay th dy truyn ti bng loi dy cng cht liu nhng c
ng knh tng gp 3 ln th hiu sut truyn ti in khi l bao nhiu. Bit cng sut v in p ni
pht l khng i.
A. 94 %

B. 96%

C. 92%

D. 95%

Bi 2: in nng c truyn i t trm pht in n ni tiu th. Bit h s cng sut ca mch tnh t
hai u ng dy ti l cos = 0,9 v gim th trn ng dy bng 2% in p hai u ng dy
ti . Hiu sut truyn ti in l:
A. 99 %

B. 97.8%

C. 89%

D. 87.8%

Bi 3: Mt ng dy ti in xoay chiu mt pha n ni tiu th xa 3 km. Gi thit dy dn lm

bng nhm c in tr sut = 2,5.10 8 (.m) v c tit din S = 0,5 cm2. in p v cng sut truyn
i trm pht in ln lt l U = 60 kV; P = 5,4 kW. H s cng sut ca mch tnh t hai u ng
dy ti in l cos = 0,9. Hiu sut truyn ti in l:
A. 99 %

B. 98%

C. 97%

D. 96%

Bi 4: Mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha truyn i mt cng sut in khng i . Khi in p hiu
dng hai u ng dy l U th hiu sut truyn ti l 75%. hiu sut truyn ti 95% th in p hiu
dng hai u dy phi l ?
A. 5U

B.2,5 U

C.6,25 U

D.2,25 U

Bi 5: Mt trm pht in mt pha c cng sut khng i . Vi in p hai u ng dy ti l 200kV

th tn hao in nng trn dy ti l 30% .Nu tng in p truyn ti ln 500kV th tn hao in nng
trn dy ti lc ny l bao nhiu % ?
A.12%

B.2,4%

C.7,5%

D.4,8%

Bi 6: in nng mt trm pht in c truyn ti i vi cng sut khng i v in p hai u

ng dy ti l 20kV, hiu sut ca qu trnh truyn ti in H = 82%. Nu tng in p hai u ng
dy ti thm 10kV th hiu sut ca qu trnh truyn ti in s t gi tr l bao nhiu ?

Trang 35

T HC T RN THNG 9

A. 99 %

B. 92%

C. 96%

D. 90%

Bi 7 : Mt trm in cn truyn ti in nng i xa . Nu hiu in th trm pht l U1 = 5(KV) th

hiu sut truyn ti in l 80%. Nu dng mt my bin th tng hiu in th trm pht ln
U2 = 5

2 (KV) th hiu sut truyn ti khi l bao nhiu ? Xem cng sut ni pht l khng i
A. 99 %

B. 92%

C. 96%

D. 90%

Bi 8 : in nng mt trm pht in c truyn i di in p 2 kV, hiu sut trong qu trnh truyn
ti l H = 80%. Mun hiu sut trong qu trnh truyn ti tng n 95% th gi tr ca in p ni pht
bng bao nhiu ? Xem cng sut ni pht l khng i
A. 2,375kV

B. 4kV

C. 2,387kV

D. 2,5kV

Bi 9 : Bng mt ng dy truyn ti, in nng t mt nh my pht in nh c cng sut khng

i c a n mt xng sn xut. Nu ti nh my pht in, dng my bin p c t s vng dy
cu cun th cp v cun s cp l 2 th ti ni s dng s cung cp in nng cho 80 my hot
ng. Nu dng my bin p c t s vng dy ca cun th cp vi cun s cp l 4 th ti ni s
dng s cung cp in nng cho 95 my hot ng. Nu t xng sn xut ti nh my pht in
th cung cp in nng cho bao nhiu my ? Xem h s cng sut ca ti bng 1
A.90

B.100

C.85

Trang 36

D.105