PHN LOI THI I HC KHI A-NM 2014- THEO CU TRC THI I HC

Theo li th trng BGD BI VN GA:

Xu hng ra thi l kim tra nng lc, tc l t kin thc m cc em hc kim tra kh nng t
duy sng to nh th no, p dng kin thc hc ra sao trong thc tin... V vy, thi khng nht thit
phi bao trm ht kin thc cc em hc bc ph thng.
Nu phn kin thc kim tra nng lc ch nm phn giao thoa gia chng trnh chun v chng
trnh nng cao th khng cn phi c phn thi theo chng trnh chun v phn theo chng trnh nng
cao cho th sinh chn na na, ging nh cc thi ton v l va ri.
Theo cu trc ca BGD cc nm 2013 tr v trc c 40 cu chung; HS t chn 10 cu ty kin thc
chun hay nng cao. 10 cu ca mi loi kin thc ny c phn giao thoa ging nhau v phn khng ging
vi phn chung.
Vy chng ta xem th thi khi A-i hc nm 2014 theo cu trc nh th no? Ta ly m 825 v d
I.
PHN CHUNG GING VI PHN CHUNG:
Ni dung
s cu
Nguyn t, bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, lin kt ho hc.
Cu 1. Lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t NH3 l lin kt :
A. cng ha tr phn cc
B. ion
C. hidro
D. cng ha tr khng cc.
2
Cu 26. Cu hnh electron trng thi c bn ca nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc
phn lp p l 8. Nguyn t X l :
A. Al (Z = 13)
B. Cl (Z = 17)
C.O (Z = 8)
D. Si (Z = 14)
Phn ng oxi ho- kh, tc phn ng, cn bng ho hc
Cu 21. Phn ng no di y thuc loi phn ng oxi ha kh?
A. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O.
B. CaO + CO2 CaCO3
C. AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3. D. 2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O.
Cu 25. Cho ba mu vi (100% CaCO3) c cng khi lng : mu 1 dng khi, mu 2 dng vin
nh, mu 3 dng bt mn vo 3 cc ng cng th tch dung dch HCl (d, cng nng , iu kin
thng). Thi gian vi tan ht trong ba cc tng ng l t1, t2, t3 giy. So snh no sau y ng
?
3
A. t1 = t2 = t3.
B. t1 < t2 < t3.
C. t2 < t1 < t3
D. t3 < t2 < t1.
Cu 41. H cn bng sau c thc hin trong bnh kn :
H 0
CO (k) + H2O (k)
CO2 (k) + H2 (k);
Cn bng trn chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi :
A. cho cht xc tc vo h.
B. thm kh H2 vo h.
C. tng p sut chung ca h.
D. gim nhit ca h.
S in li
Cu 32. Dung dch X cha 0,1 mol Ca2+ ; 0,3 mol Mg2+ ; 0,4 mol Cl- v a mol HCO3-. un dung dch
X n cn thu c mui khan c khi lng l
A. 23,2 gam
B. 49,4 gam
C. 37,4 gam
D. 28,6 gam.
Cu 39. trung ha 20 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M cn 10 ml dung dch NaOH nng x mol/l. Gi tr
ca x l
A. 0,3
B. 0,4
C. 0,2.
D. 0,1.
Cacbon, silic, nit, photpho, oxi, lu hunh, cc nguyn t thuc nhm halogen; cc hp cht
ca chng
Cu 2. Ha tan ht 1,69 gam Oleum c cng thc H2SO4.3SO3 vo nc d. Trung ha dung dch thu
c cn V ml dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 20.
B. 40.
C. 30.
D. 10.
Cu 4. Cht kh no sau y c to ra t bnh cha chy v dng sn xut thuc gim au d
dy ?
A. N2.
B. CH4
C. CO
D. CO2.

Cu 9. Dn hn hp kh gm CO2, O2, N2 v H2 qua dung dch NaOH. Kh b hp th l

A. N2.
B. O2.
C. CO2.
D. H2.
Cu 31. T 6,2 kg photpho iu ch c bao nhiu lt dung dch H3PO4 2M (hiu sut ton b qu
trnh iu ch l 80%)?
A. 64 lt
B. 100 lt
C. 40 lt
D. 80 lt.
Cu 44. Kh X lm c nc vi trong v c dng lm cht ty trng bt g trong cng nghip
giy. Cht X l
A. CO2.
B. SO2.
C. NH3.
D. O3.

t
Cu 50. Cho phn ng :
NaX(rn) + H2SO4(c)
NaHSO4 + HX(kh).
Cc hidro halogenua (HX) c th iu ch theo phn ng trn l
A. HBr v HI. B. HCl, HBr v HI. C. HF v HCl.
D. HF, HCl, HBr v HI.

i cng v kim loi.

Cu 20. in phn dung dch X cha a mol CuSO4 v 0,2 mol KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp,
cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, thu c 2,464 lt kh anot (ktc). Nu thi
gian in phn l 2t giy th tng th tch kh thu c c hai in cc l 5,824 lt (ktc). Bit hiu
sut in phn 100%, cc kh sinh ra khng tan trong dung dch. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,15.
B. 0,18.
C. 0,24.
D. 0,26.
Cu 15. Cho l Al vo dung dch HCl, c kh thot ra. Thm vi git dung dch CuSO4 vo th
A. phn ng ngng li
B. tc thot kh tng
C. tc thot kh gim
D. tc thot kh khng i.
Cu 43. Kim loi no sau y khng tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long ?
A. Al
B. Mg.
C. Na.
D. Cu.
Kim loi kim, kim loi kim th, nhm; cc hp cht ca chng.
Cu 7. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm Al v m gam hai oxit st trong kh tr, thu
c hn hp rn X. Cho X vo dung dch NaOH d, thu c dung dch Y, cht khng tan Z v
0,672 lt kh H2 ((ktc). Sc kh CO2 d vo Y, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Cho Z tan ht vo dung dch
H2SO4, thu c dung dch cha 15,6 gam mui sunfat v 2,464 lt kh SO2 ( ktc, l sn phn kh
duy nht ca H2SO4). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,29.
B. 6,48.
C. 6,96.
D. 5,04.
Cu 12. Pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A. Cc kim loi kim c nhit nng chy tng dn t Li n Cs.
B. Cc kim loi kim c bn knh nguyn t ln hn so vi cc kim loi cng chu k.
C. Cc kim loi kim u l kim loi nh.
D. Cc kim loi kim c mu trng bc v c nh kim.
Cu 30. Khi nh t t n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch hn hp gm a mol HCl v b mol
AlCl3, kt qu th nghim c biu din trn th sau :

T l a : b l
A. 4 : 3

B. 2 : 3

C. 1 : 1

D. 2 : 1.

Tng hp ni dung kin thc ho hc v c thuc chng trnh ph thng:

Cu 6. t chy 4,16 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong kh O2, thu c 5,92 gam hn hp X ch gm cc

oxit. Ha tan hon ton X trong dung dch HCl va , thu c dung dch Y. Cho dung dch NaOH
d vo Y, thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c 6 gam cht
rn. Mt khc cho Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 32,65
B. 31,57
C. 32,11
D. 10,80.
Cu 24. Hn hp X gm Al, Fe3O4 v CuO, trong oxi chim 25% khi lng hn hp. Cho 1,344
lt kh CO (ktc) i qua m gam X nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c cht rn Y v hn hp kh Z
c t khi so vi H2 bng 18. Ha tan hon ton Y trong dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung
dch cha 3,08m gam mui v 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr m gn gi
tr no nht sau y ?
A. 9,5
B. 8,5
C. 8,0
D. 9,0
Cu 28. Nh t t n d dung dch NaOH long vo mi dung dch sau : FeCl3, CuCl2, AlCl3,
FeSO4. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s trng hp thu c kt ta l
A. 1
B. 4
C. 2
D. 3.
Cu 38. C 3 dung dch ring bit: H2SO41M; KNO31M; HNO31M c nh s ngu nhin l (1),
(2), (3).
- Trn 5 ml dung dch (1) vi 5 ml dung dch (2), thm bt Cu d, thu c V1 lt kh NO.
- Trn 5 ml dung dch (1) vi 5 ml dung dch (3), thm bt Cu d, thu c 2V1 lt kh NO.
- Trn 5 ml dung dch (2) vi 5 ml dung dch (3), thm bt Cu d, thu c V2 lt kh NO.
Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu
kin. So snh no sau y ng?
A. V2 = 3V1
B. V2 = V1.
C. V2 = 2V1.
D. 2V2 = V1.
Cu 45. Cho m gam hn hp gm Al v Na vo nc d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc) v 2,35 gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 4,85.
B. 4,35.
C. 3,70
D. 6,95.
Cu 46. Cho cc phn ng xy ra theo s sau :
dien phan
X1 + H2O
comang ngan X2 + X3 + H2;

X2 + X4 BaCO3 + K2CO3 + H2O.

Cht X2, X4 ln lt l :
A. NaOH, Ba(HCO3)2. B. KOH, Ba(HCO3)2.
C. KHCO3, Ba(OH)2.
Cu 47. Cho hnh v m t th nghim iu ch kh Y t dung dch X

D. NaHCO3, Ba(OH)2.

Hnh v trn minh ha phn ng no sau y ?

0

t
A. NH4Cl + NaOH
NaCl + NH3 + H2O.
0

t
B. NaCl(rn) + H2SO4(c)
NaHSO4 + HCl.
H SO dac,t 0

2 4
C2H4 + H2O.
C. C2H5OH

CaO,t
D. CH3COONa(rn) + NaOH(rn)
Na2CO3 + CH4.
i cng ho hc hu c, hirocacbon.
Cu 3. Hn hp kh X gm etilen v propin. Cho a mol X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 thu c 17,64 gam kt ta. Mt khc a mol X phn ng ti a vi 0,34 mol H2. Gi tr ca
a l
A. 0,46
B. 0,22
C. 0,34
D. 0,32

Cu 22. Cht X c cng thc: CH3 CH(CH3) CH = CH2. Tn thay th ca X l :

A. 2 metylbut 3 en
B. 3 metylbut 1 in
C. 3 metylbut 1 en.
D. 2 metylbut 3 in.
Cu 36. Hn hp kh X gm 0,1 mol C2H2; 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,3 mol H2. un nng X vi xc tc Ni,
sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi H2 bng 11. Hn hp Y phn ng ti a vi
a mol Br2 trong dung dch. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,1.
B. 0,2.
C. 0,4
D. 0,3.
Dn xut halogen, ancol, phenol.
Cu 19. Ancol X no, mch h, c khng qu 3 nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Bit X khng tc
dng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng. S cng thc cu to bn ph hp vi X l
A. 4
B. 2
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 48. Phenol (C6H5OH) khng phn ng vi cht no sau y ?
A. NaOH
B. Br2.
C. NaHCO3.
D. Na.
Anehit, xeton, axit cacbonxylic.
Cu 18. Trung ha 10,4 gam axit cacboxylic X bng dung dch NaOH, thu c 14,8 gam mui.
Cng thc ca X l
A. C2H5COOH.
B. HOOC CH2 COOH. C. C3H7COOH.
D. HOOC COOH.
Cu 23. Cho andehit no, mch h, c cng thc CnHmO2. Mi quan h gia n vi m l
A. m = 2n + 1
B. m = 2n 2.
C. m = 2n
D. m = 2n + 2.
Cu 40. Cho 0,1 mol andehit X phn ng ti a vi 0,3 mol H2, thu c 9 gam acol Y. Mt khc 2,1
gam X tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 21,6.
B. 16,2.
C. 10,8.
D. 5,4.
Cu 42. Axit cacboxylic no di y c mch cacbon phn nhnh, lm mt mu dung dch brom ?
A. axit propanoic.
B. axit metacrylic.
C. Axit 2 metylpropanoic. D. Axit acrylic.
Este, lipit.
Cu 5. Thy phn 37 gam hai este cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2 bng dung dch NaOH d. Chng
ct dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp ancol Y v cht rn khan Z. un nng Y vi H2SO4 c
1400C, thu c 14,3 gam hn hp cc ete. Bit rng phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng mui
trong Z l
A. 40,0 gam
B. 38,2 gam.
C. 42,2 gam
D. 34,2 gam
Cu 14. t chy hon ton 1 mol cht bo, thu c lng CO2 v H2O hn km nhau 6 mol. Mt
khc a mol cht bo trn tc dng ti a vi 600 ml dung dch Br2 1M. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,20
B. 0,30
C. 0,18.
D. 0,15.
Amin, amino axit, protein.
Cu 10. C bao nhiu amin bc ba l ng phn cu to ca nhau ng vi cng thc phn t C5H13N ?
A. 5
B. 3
C. 2
D. 4.
Cu 16. Thy phn hon ton 4,34 gam tripeptit mch h X (c to nn t hai amino axit c
cng cng thc dng H2NCxHyCOOH) bng dung dch NaOH d, thu c 6,38 gam mui. Mt khc
thy phn hon ton 4,34 gam X bng dung dch HCl d, thu c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,53.
B. 7,25.
C. 5,06.
D. 8,25.
Cu 17. Pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A. Cho Cu(OH)2 vo dung dch lng trng trng thy xut hin mu vng.
B. Dung dch lysin lm xanh qu tm.
C. Anilin tc dng vi nc Brom to thnh kt ta trng.
D. Dung dch glyxin khng lm i mu qu tm.
Cu 49. Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,04 mol NaOH. Mt

khc 0,02 mol X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,02 mol HCl, thu c 3,67 gam mui. Cng
thc ca X l
A. HOOC CH2CH2CH(NH2) COOH.
B. H2N CH2CH(NH2) COOH.
C. CH3CH(NH2) COOH.
D. HOOC CH2CH(NH2) COOH.
Cacbonhidrat
Cu 13. Cht tc dng vi H2 to thnh sobitol l
A. tinh bt.
B. saccarozo.
C. glucozo.
D. xenlunozo.
Polime, vt liu polime
Cu 11. Polime no sau y trong thnh phn cha nguyn t nit ?
A. Nilon 6,6.
B. Polibutaien
C. Poli(vinyl cloruc). D. Polietilen.
Tng hp ni dung kin thc ho hc hu c thuc chng trnh ph thng.
Cu 8. Hn hp X gm axit axetic, propan-2-ol. Cho mt lng X phn ng va vi Na, thu c
0,448 lt kh H2 (ktc) v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,36
B. 2,40
C. 3,32
D. 3,28.
Cu 27. Thy phn cht X bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hai cht Y v Z u c phn ng trng
bc, Z tc dng c vi Na sinh ra kh H2. Cht X l
A. HCOO-CH=CHCH3. B. HCOO-CH2CHO. C. HCOO-CH=CH2. D. CH3COO-CH=CH2.
Cu 29. t chy hon ton 13,36 gam hn hp X gm axit metacrylic, axit adipic, axit axetic v
glixerol (trong s mol axit metacrylic bng s mol axi axetic) bng O2 d, thu c hn hp Y gm
kh v hi. Dn Y vo dung dch cha 0,38 mol Ba(OH)2, thu c 49,25 gam kt ta v dung dch Z.
un nng Z li thy xut hin kt ta. Cho 13,36 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 140 ml dung dch KOH
1M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l
A. 18,68 gam
B. 19,04 gam
C. 14,44 gam
D. 13,32 gam
Cu 33. Cho cc cht : axit glutamic, saccarozo, metylamoni clorua, vinyl axetat, phenol, glixerol, Gly
Glyl. S cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH long, nng l
A. 3.
B. 6
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu 34. Cho X, Y l hai cht thuc dy ng ng ca axit acrylic v MX < MY; Z l ancol c cng s
nguyn t cacbon vi X; T l este hai chc to bi X, Y v Z. t chy hon ton 11,16 gam hn hp
E gm X, Y, Z, T cn va 13,216 lt kh O2 (ktc) , thu c kh CO2 v 9,36 gam nc. Mt khc
11,16 gam E tc dng ti a vi dung dch cha 0,04 mol Br2. Khi lng mui thu c khi cho cng
lng E trn tc dng vi KOH d l :
A. 5,44 gam
B. 5,04 gam
C. 5,80 gam
D. 4,68 gam.

II- Phn giao thoa

St, Crom, ng, niken, km, ch, bc, vng, thic; cc hp cht ca chng.
s cu
Cu 35. Cho hn hp gm 1 mol cht X v 1 mol cht Y tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c
nng (d) to ra 1 mol kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht). Hai cht X, Y l :
2
A. Fe, Fe2O3.
B. Fe, FeO
C. Fe3O4, Fe2O3.
D. FeO, Fe3O4.
Cu 37. Pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A. Cr phn ng vi axit H2SO4 long to thnh Cr3+.
B. CrO3 l mt oxi axit.
C. Cr(OH)3 tan c trong dung dch NaOH.
D. Trong mi trng kim, Br2 oxi ha CrO2- thnh CrO4-.
Vi nhn xt:
Sau khi b phn ring, b phn ra dn hoc tch cc phn ring:
Phn ring nhng ging phn chung nh t oxi ha-kh, tc phn ng, cn bng ha hc, s in
l, andehyt-xeton, axit cacboxylic, i cng kim loi, Phn bit cht v c, chun dung dch, ho

hc v vn pht trin kinh t, x hi, mi trng, n Hidrocacbon, dn xut halogen, phenol,

ancol, cacbonhidrat, polime c tng ln hoc gim xung v s lng:
V d:
Ch cc phi kim v hp cht t 3 cu dn thm 3 cu na thnh 6.
Ch kim loi kim, kim loi kim th, nhm v hp cht gim 2 cu.
Cn li gi nguyn (nh cu to nguyn t-lin kt ha hc; ancol-phenol; este-lipit;
cacbohidrat; polimer) hoc thm 1 cu na nh i cng kim loi; i cng hu chidrocacbon; aminoaxit-peptit; hoc thm 2 cu nh andehyt-axit cacboxylic.
Phn ring nhng khng ging vi phn chung l St, Crom, ng, niken, km, ch, bc, vng,
thic; cc hp cht ca chng vn gi 2 cu.
kin ca qu thy- c gio v cc bn khc xem s phn loi nh vy (ca ti) ph hp hay
cha? Rt mong s ch gio.