CNG N TP HA HC 11 : H.

C THM ANCOL - PHENOL

A. L THUYT :
1.Nhn bit : Bang phng php hoa hoc nhan biet cac chat sau:
a) Hex-1-in, stiren, benzen, toluen b) Cc cht lng :benzen, phenol , ancolbenzylic, stiren, toluen
c) Cac dd: metanol, dd anehit axetic, phenol, ancol anlylic(CH2=CH-CH2-OH) .
2.So snh nhit si ca :
a) C2H5OH , C4H9OH , C2H2OC2H5.
b)CH3COOH , C2H5OH ,CH3CH=O
c) ietylete, axit axetic, ancol etylic, etylclorua. d) CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3OCH3 , H2O
3.Hon thnh dy bin ha (ghi r iu kin nu c)
AgCCAg CHCH CH3CHO
CH3COONa
CH2=CHCl PVC
Al4C3
CH4 C2H2 CH3COOCH=CH2 PVA
CaC2
C4H4C4H10C3H6 CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 CH3-CO-CH3
C4H6 cao su Buna- S
C6H6 C6H6Cl6
C6H5CH3 TNT
C6H5BrC6H5ONaC6H5OHAxit picric(2,4,6-trinitrophenol)
C2H4
C2H5OH
C2H5Cl
C2H4 C2H4(OH)2

CH3CHO CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5

C 2H5 O-C2H5
CH3COONH4 CH3COONa
4. ieu che : T benzen, etilen cng cc cht v c v kin cn thit c , hy vit phng trnh ha hc iu
ch: PS (polstiren) v TNB (1,3,5-trinitrobenzen), TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluen),bromnitrobenzen(o,m,p)
5. Viet CTCTv gi tn cac ong phan
*Ancol v ete ca C3H8O, C4H10O
*ng phn thm : C7H8, C8H8, C8H10, C9H12, C7H8O, C8H10O
D. TON : Cc bi ton trong SGK
I. CC DNG TON V RU
DNG 1: RU- HIU SUT IU CH
1. Cho Na d vo 100 ml cn 460 ( khi lng ring ca ancol etylic l 0,8 g/ml) . Tnh th tch H 2 ktc?
2. Cho 50 ml dd ancol etylic( dd X) tc dng vi Na d th thu c 15,68 lt H 2 ( ktc). Bit khi lng ring ca ancol
nguyn cht l 0,8 g/ml. Xc nh ancol v nng mol ca dd X?
3. Ly 100ml ru etylic 960 c th pha c bao nhiu lt ancol 400
4. Ly 50ml ru trn th iu ch c bao nhiu gam dd axit axetic 5%. Bit HS P 90%?
5. Tnh klng tinh bt ( cha 80%-(C6H10O5)n ) cn ly iu ch 7 lit ancol etylic 450 bit D=0,8g/ml v hiu sut
qu trnh iu ch l 75%
DNG 2: PHN NG NATRI-PHN NG CHY
1. Cho 6 gam mt ancol no, n chc, mch h A tc dng vi Na thu c 1,12 lt kh H2(ktc)
a/Xc nh CTPT ca A
b/Xc nh CTCT ng ca A v gi tn A, bit rng oxi ha A bng oxi c (Cu xc tc) to ra anehit
c/T A, vit phng trnh phn ng to ra C (l ng phn ca ancol A) s:Propanol-1
2. t hton 6,44g mt ancol no mch h A th thu c 9,24g CO2 . Mt khc khi cho 1 mol A tc dng vi K thu c
33,6l H2 ( ktc). Tm CTPT, vit CTCT ca A?
3. t hton 0,5 mol mt ancol no a chc X c 33,6l CO 2 ktc. X CTPT, vit CTCT ca X bit MX = 92.
4. Cho hh gm 1,6 g ancol A v 2,3 g ancol B l 2 ancol no, n,h k tip nhau trong dy tc dng vi Na c 1,12
lt H2 ( ktc). Xc nh CTPT 2 ancol?
5. Cho 15,6 g hh 2 ancol n chc k tip nhau trong dy tc dng ht vi 9,2g Na thu c 24,5g cht rn. Xc nh
hai ancol ?
6. cho 2,84 gam hh X gm 2 ancol n chc , l k tip nhau tc dng va vi Na to ra 4,6 gam cht rn v V lt
kh H2 (ktc). Xc nh gi tr ca V v CTPT ca hai ancol?
7: Cho 28,2g hh 2 ancol no n chc, mch h k nhau trong dy tc dng ht vi Na (ly d), sinh ra 8,4 lt kh H 2
(kc). Vit CTCT ca hai ancol v tnh thnh phn % v khi lng ca chng trong hh, bit phn ng xy ra ht?
s:CH3OH (51,06%); C2H5OH (48,94%)
8: Hh A cha Glixerol v mt ancol no, n chc, mch h. Cho 20,3 gam A tc dng vi Na d thu c 5,04lt H 2
(ktc) mt khc 8,12gam A ha tan va ht 1,96gam Cu(OH)2. Hy xc nh CTPT v % khi lng ca ancol trong hh
A? s:C4H9OH(54,95%)
9. t ht m gam 2 ancol l k tip ca nhau thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 v 7,65 g H2O. Mt khc nu cho m gam hh 2 ancol
trn tc dng vi Na th thu c 2,8 lt kh H2 (ktc). X CTPT vit CTCT ca hai ancol trn?

10. Chia m gam hh X gm 2 ancol A v B thnh 2 phn bng nhau :

Phn 1 : Cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,68 lt H2 (ktc)
Phn 2 : t ht thu c 9,9 gam CO2 v 6,75 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m ?
DNG 3: PHN NG TCH NC TO ANKEN-ETE
Bi 1. khi un nng m gam ancol no n chc mch h X vi H2SO4 c lm xc tc nhit thch hp thu c m2
gam hp cht hu c B. T khi hi ca B so vi X l 0,7. X CTCT ca X?
Bi 2. un 1,66 hh hai ancol vi H2SO4 c, thu c hai anken k tip ca nhau. Hiu sut gi thit l 100 %. Nu t
hh anken cn dng 2,688 lt kh O2 (ktc). Tm cng thc cu to 2 ancol?
Bi 3: Kh nc ht hh 2 ancol ta thu c hh 2 anken lin tip co t khi hi i vi H 2 l 23,8
a/Tm CTPT vit CTCT v tnh % khi lng ca hai ancol trong hh
b/Tnh khi lng CO2 v hi nc to thnh khi t han 6,56g hh hai ancol trn ?
Bi 4: un m gam hh A gm ancol etylic v propylic vi H2SO4 c ta c hh olefin kh X. Ton b X lm mt mu 1lt
dd brom 0,5M (va ). Bit t khi hi ca X so vi H2 l 16,8.
a/Tnh gi tr ca m
b/Tnh th tch oxi (ktc) cn t 1/10 hh A ni trn? s:m=25,8g; 4,032lt
Bi 5: un nng mt ancol n chc vi H2SO4 ta thu hircacbon c cu to i xng, 14g hircacbon tc dng va
vi 40g Br2. Xc nh CTCT ca ancol ban u? s:C2H5OH
II. TON PHENOL
Bi 1:Cho 62,4g dd gm phenol, ru etylic c ln nc tc dng vi Na kim loi th thu c 11,2 lt kh (ktc) . Mt
khc, nu cho lng hh ny tc dng vi 200ml dd NaOH 2M th va . Tm thnh phn % v khi lng ca hh
s:%C6H5OH=60,256; %C2H5OH=36,859; %H2O=2,885
Bi 2 :Cho nc brom d v dd phenol thu c 6,62g kt ta trng. Tnh khi lng phenol c trong dd?s:1,88g
Bi 3:Mt dd cha 6,1g cht ca phenol n chc. Cho dd trn tc dng vi nc brom d thu c 17,95g hp cht
cha ba nguyn t brom trong phn t .Xc nh CTPT ca cht s:C 8H10O
Bi 4: Mt hh gm ru metylic, ru etylic v phenol c khi lng 28,9g. Chia hh thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1
cho phn ng ht vi Na cho 2,806(l) H2 ( 270C, 750mm Hg). Phn 2 cho phn ng va ht vi 100ml dd NaOH 1M
a/ Vit cc phn ng xy ra
b/ Tnh thnh phn % cc cht trong hh? (s:%CH 3OH=11,07; %C2H5OH=23,88)
Bi 5 : Xc nh thnh phn % khi lng hh (A) gm benzen, phenol v ru etylic, bit rng :
* 71,1(g) (A)trung ha va 2 lt dd NaOH 0,25M
* 142,2(g) (A) tc dng vi Na d gii phng 14,784lt H2 (o 27,3 C , 1 atm)
s:%C6H5OH=66,1; %C2H5OH=6,47
Bi 6: a/ Axit picric(tc 2,4,6_trintophenol) c iu ch bng cch cho phenol tc dng vi hh gm axit nitric c v
axit sunfuric c(lm cht xc tc). Vit phng trnh phn ng
b/ Cho 47g phenol tc dng vi hh gm 200g HNO3 68% v 250g H2SO4 96%. Ga s phn ng xy ra ht, hy
tnh: Khi lng axit picric sinh ra v nng % HNO3 cn d sau khi tch ht axit picric ra khi hh?
s:m=114,5g; C%HNO3 d=10,85
III. HIROCACBONTHM :
1. Cho 100 ml bezen (d = 0,879 g/ml) tc dng vi m t lng va brom lng (xc tc b t st, un nng) thu

c 80 ml brombenzen (d = 1,495 g/ml). Hi u sut brom ha t l?

2: A l hirocacbon c %C (theo khi lng) l 92,3%. A tc dng vi dung dch brom d cho sn phm c %C
(theo khi lng) l 36,36%. Bit MA < 120. V y A c cng thc phn t l ( S. C8H8 ).
3: Tin hnh trng hp 10,4 gam stiren c hh X gm polistiren v stiren (d). Cho X tc dng vi 200 ml
dung dch Br2 0,15M, sau cho dung KI d vo thy xut hi n 1,27 gam iot. HS trng hp stiren l?
4: t chy hon ton hi A (CxHy) thu c 8 lt CO2 v cn dng 10,5 lt oxi. CTPT ca A?
5: Cho a gam cht A (CxHy) chy thu c 13,2 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Tam hp A thu c B, mt ng
ng ca ankylbenzen. Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l?
6: t chy ht m gam 2 ng ng ca benzen A, B thu c 4,05 gam H 2O v 7,728 lt CO2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca m v s tng s mol ca A, B l?
7: t chy ht 2,295 gam 2 ng ng ca benzen A, B thu c 2,025 gam H 2O v CO2. Dn ton b lng
CO2 vo 250 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m v thnh phn ca mui
8: t chy ht 9,18 gam 2 ng ng k tip thuc dy ca benzen A, B thu c H 2O v 30,36 gam CO2.
Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l?
9. Nitro ha benzen thu c 2 cht X,Y km nhau 1 nhm NO 2. t hon ton 19,4 g hh X,Y thu c CO 2 ,
H2O v 2,24 lt N2 (dktc). Xc nh CTCT ng ca X,Y
10. cho 19.5 g benzen tc dng vi 48 g brom lng (xt bt Fe) thu c 27,475g brombenzen. Tnh hiu sut
ca phn ng brom ha benzen trn