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MT S PHNG PHP C BN TNH LY THA CA MA TRN

ThS. Phm Hng Phong - Website: violet.vn/phphong84

Bi ton: Tnh An , trong A l ma trn vung, n * .


Phng php 1: Tnh A 2 , A 3 , . D on cng thc An , chng minh bng quy np.
1 a
V d 1. Cho A
. Tnh An vi n * .

0 1
1 a 1 a 1 2a
1 2a 1 a 1 3a
Phn tch: Ta c A 2
, A 3 A 2A

0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1
1 na
*
d on: A n
n .
0
1

1 na
Gii: Ta chng minh A n
n * .

0 1

D thy khng nh ng vi n 1 .
1 ka
k * gi s khng nh ng vi n k A k

0 1

1 ka 1 a 1
Ak 1

0 1 0 1 0

k 1 a
1

khng inh ng vi n k 1 .
1 na
Vy A n
n * .

0 1
1 1
V d 2. Cho A
. Tnh An vi n * .

1 1
2n 1
Gii: Ta chng minh A
2n 1
n

2n 1
n * .
n 1
2

D thy khng nh ng vi n 1 .
2k 1
k gi s khng nh ng vi n k A
2k 1
*

2k 1

2k 1

k 1

2k 1

2k 1

2k 1 1 1 2k

2k 1 1 1 2k

2k

2k

khng inh ng vi n k 1 .
a1 0
0 a
2
V d 3. Cho ma trn ng cho A

0 0

0
0
. Tnh An vi n * .

am

an
1
0
Hng dn: Bng cch tnh A 2 , A 3 , d on An

n
am 0
.

0 anm
0

Phng php 2: Phn tch A B I , trong B l ma trn c tnh cht Bk 0 k n0 (

n0 l s t nhin tng i nh).


p dng cng thc khai trin Niu-tn, ta c
n

An B I

k 0

n0

n k Ckn Bk

n k Ckn Bk .
k 0

n0

n k Ckn Bk .
k 0

1 0 1
V d 4. Cho A 0 1 0 . Tnh An vi n * .
0 0 1
0 0 1
0 0 1
Gii: Ta thy A 0 0 0 I . t B 0 0 0 , p dng cng thc khai trin nh thc
0 0 0
0 0 0
n

Niu-tn ta c A B I

Ckn Bk .

(1)

k 0

0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
Li c B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bk 0 k 1 .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2

T (1) v (2) suy ra A

Ckn Bk

C0n B 0 C1n B1

k0

(2)

1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 n

0 1 0 n 0 0 0 0 1 0 .
0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 n
Vy A 0 1 0 .
0 0 1
n

Phng php 3: Phn tch A BCB 1 , trong C l ma trn m ta d tnh c ly tha.

Ta c A n BCB 1 BCB 1 ... BCB 1 BCn B 1 .

n lan

3 1 1
2 0 0
1 0 1

V d 5. Cho cc ma trn A 0 2 0 , B 0 2 0 v C 1 1 0 .
1 1 3
0 0 4
0 1 1
1) Tm ma trn C1 . Chng minh A C1BC .
2) Tnh An vi n * .

Gii: 1) Ta c C

C11
1

C
det C 12
C13

C21
C22
C23

C31
1 1 1
1
C32 1 1 1 . D dng kim tra c
2
1 1 1
C33

A C1BC .

2) An C1Bn C

n
1 1 1 2
1
1 1 1 0
2

1 1 1 0

0
2n
0

0 1 0 1

0 1 1 0

4n 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1

2n 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 2n 0 1 1

1 1 2n

1 0 1
2n 1 1 1 2n 1 1 0

1 1 2n 0 1 1

2 1 2n

n 1
2
0 1 2n

0 1 2n

2n

2n

Vy A 2 0

2n 1 22n 1
2n 1 22n 1

2n 1 22n 1
2n 1 22n 1

sin
cos

1 2n

n
1 2

1 2n

2n 1 22n 1

2n 1 22n 1

cos
A
sin

2n 1 22n 1

2n 1 22n 1 .

2n 1 22n 1

2n 1 22n 1

2n 1 22n 1 .

2n 1 22n 1

Bi tp
Tnh An vi n * .
1 3
1) A
.
0 1

cos sin
5) A
.
sin cos

2 3
2) A
.
0 2

1 1 0
6) A 0 1 1 .
0 0 1

3 2
3) A
.
2 3
2 1
4) A
.
3 2

3 1 0
7) A 0 3 0 .
0 0 3

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