Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
NHN
XET
CUA
GIAO
VIN
.............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Hng Yn, thng 6 nm 2009.

Giao
vin hng dn

Nguyn Vn A

GVHD:
SVTH:.

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t

LI NI U
Ngy nay vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca k thut bn dn cng sut l n, cc
thit b bin i in nng dng cc linh kin bn dn cng sut c s d ng
nhiu trong cng nghip v i sng nhm p ng cc nhu cu ngy cng cao ca x
hi. Trong thc t s dng in nng ta cn thay i tn s ca ngun cung cp,
cc b bin tn c s dng rng ri trong truyn ng in, trong cc thit b t
nng bng cm ng, trong thit b chiu sng... B nghch lu l b bin tn gin
tip bin i mt chiu thnh xoay chiu c ng dng rt ln trong thc t nh
trong cc h truyn ng my bay, tu thu, xe la...
Trong thi gian hc tp v nghin cu, c hc tp v nghin cu mn in t
cng sut v ng dng ca n trong cc lnh vc ca h thng sn xut hin i. V
vy c th nm vng phn l thuyt v p dng kin thc vo trong thc t ,
chng em c nhn n mn hc vi ti: Thit k va ch to mch nghch
lu mt pha. Vi ti c giao, chng em vn dng kin thc ca mnh
tm hiu v nghin cu l thuyt, c bit chng em tm hiu su vo tnh ton thit
k phc v cho vic hon thin sn phm. Di s hng dn ch bo nhit tnh
ca thy Nguyn Vn A cng vi s c gng n lc ca cc thnh vin trong nhm
chng em hon thnh xong n ca mnh. Tuy nhin do thi gian v kin thc
cn hn ch nn khng trnh khi thiu st khi thc hin n ny. V vy chng em
rt mong s nhn c nhiu kin nh gi, gp ca thy c gio, cng bn b
ti c hon thin hn.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

TN TAI
Thit k va ch tao
mach
nghich
lu mt pha
* S liu cho trc
- Cac giao
trinh
va tai liu
chuyn mn
- Cac trang thit bi o, kim
tra tai xng thc tp,
thi nghim.

*Ni dung cn hon thnh:

-

Lp
k hoach
thc hin.

- Gii thiu mt s ng dng v c im ca mch nghch lu mt

pha.
- Phn tch nguyn l lm vic v cc thng s trong mch nghch lu
mt v ba pha.
- Thit k, ch to mch nghch lu mt pha m bo yu cu:
+ in p u vo mt chiu U = 12V.
+ in p u ra xoay chiu U = 220V - f = 50HZ .
+ Bao v qua in ap
u
ra 10%
+ Bao v qua dong
in,
qua nhit cho phn
t cng sut
+ Th nghim, kim tra sn phm.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
- Sn phm phi m bo yu cu k thut, m thut. Quyn thuyt
minh.v cc bn v Ao, Folie m t y ni dung ca ti.

Gio vin hng dn

Nguyn Vn A

PHN I
GII THIU CHUNG V IN T CNG SUT V
CC VAN BN DN
in t cng sut l mt chuyn ngnh ca k thut in - in t, nghin
cu v ng dng cc phn t bn dn cng sut. Nhm khng ch ngun nng lng
in vi cc tham s khng thay i c thnh ngun nng lng in vi cc tham
s c th thay i c cung cp cho cc ph ti. Nh vy cc b bin i bn
dn cng sut l i tng nghin cu c bn ca in t cng sut. Trong cc b
bin i cc phn t bn dn cng sut c s dng nh cc kho bn dn, cn gi
l cc van bn dn, khi m dn dng th ni ti vo ngun, khi kho th khng cho
dng in chy qua cc van. Khc vi cc phn t c tip im, cc van bn dn thc
hin ng ct cc dng in m khng gy tia la in, khng b mi mn theo thi
gian, khng gy ting n v c kh nng ng ct vi tn s rt ln. Khng nhng
vy cc van bn dn cn c th ng ct cc dng in rt ln vi in p cao nhng
cc phn t iu khin chng li c to bi cc mch in t cng sut nh, nn
cng sut tiu th cng nh.
Quy lut ni ti vo ngun trong cc b bin i cng sut ph thuc vo s cc
b bin i v ph thuc vo cch thc iu khin cc van trong b bin i. Qu
trnh bin i nng lng s dng cc van cng sut c thc hin vi hiu sut

GVHD:
SVTH:.

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
rt cao v tn tht trong b bin i ch l tn tht trn cc kho in t, n khng
ng k so vi cng sut in cn bin i. Cc b bin i cng sut khng nhng
t c hiu sut cao m cc cn c kh nng cung cp cho ph ti ngun nng
lng vi cc c tnh theo yu cu, p ng cc qu trnh iu chnh, iu khin
trong mt thi gian ngn nht, vi cc cht lng ph hp trong cc h thng t
ng hoc t ng ho. y l c tnh ca cc b bin i bn dn cng sut m
cc b bin i c tip im hoc kiu in t khng th c c
.

1.1 . Lch s pht trin v ng dng ca in t cng sut:

Trong mt thi gian di ng dng ca k thut in t ch yu s dng trong
lnh vc bin i tn s cao v trong dn dng. S pht trin ca truy n ng in
n thc y s ra i ca in t cng nghip t nhng nm 1950. Tuy nhin,
nhng ng dng ca chng cng b hn ch v thiu nhng linh kin in t cng
sut c hiu sut cao, kch thc nh v c bit l c tin cy cao. Cc n i n
t chn khng v c kh, cc n thy ngn khng p ng c cc yu cu kht khe
ca iu khin cng nghip.
S pht minh ra tranzitor vo nm 1948 do Bardeen, Brattain v Schockly ti phng
th nghim Bell Telephone_Gii thng Nobel nm 1956_n nh du bc pht trin
cch mng trong k thut in t. n nhng nm 1960 do s hon thin ca k
thut bn dn, mt lot nhng linh kin bn dn cng sut nh diode, tiristor,
tranzitor cng sut ra i.
n nhng nm 1970 th k thut vi mch v tin hc ngy cng pht trin to nn
nhng thit b in t cng sut c iu khin vi tnh nng ngy cng phong ph v
n lm thay i tn gc ngnh k thut in. K t y, k thut in v in t
cng hi nhp v thc y nhau cng pht trin.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
in t cng sut vi c im ch yu l chuyn mch (ng ct) vi dng
in ln, in p cao c th thay i vi tc ln.
Cho n ngy nay in t cng sut hu ht c ng dng rt nhiu trong
cc ngnh cng nghip hin i. C th k ra cc nghnh k thut m trong c
nhng ng dng tiu biu ca b bin i bn dn cng sut nh truyn ng in
t ng, giao thng ng st, nu luyn thp, gia nhit cm ng, in phn nhm
t qung m, cc qu trnh in phn trong cng nghip ha cht v trong rt nhiu
cc thit b cng nghip v dn dng khc nhau... Trong nhng nm gn y cng
ngh ch to cc phn t bn dn cng sut c nhng tin b vt bc v ngy
cng tr nn hon thin, dn n vic ch to cc b bin i ngy cng gn nh,
nhiu tnh nng v s dng ngy cng d dng hn.
Trong thc t b bin i c ch to rt a dng c th hiu v phn tch
c nguyn l ca cc b bin i, trc ht ta phi tm hiu cc phn t bn dn
cng sut.
1.2.Cc phn t bn dn cng sut v vic iu khin chng:
1.2.1. Cht bn dn
V phng din dn in, cc cht c chia thnh hai loi: cht dn in (c
in tr sut nh) v cht khng dn in (c in tr sut ln). Cht khng dn
in cn gi l cht cch in hay l cht in mi.
Gia hai loi cht ny c mt cht trung gian m in tr sut ca n thay i
trong mt gii hn rng v gim mnh khi nhit tng (theo quy lut hm m). Ni
cch khc, cht ny dn in tt nhit cao v dn in km hoc khng dn
in nhit thp. l cht bn dn (hay cht na dn in)
Trong bng tun hon
(Mendeleep) cc nguyn t bn dn
chim v tr trung gian (Hnh 1.2.1)
gia cc kim loi v kim. in hnh

GVHD:
SVTH:.

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
l Ge, Si V phn nhm IV, lp
ngoi cng ca Ge, Si c 4 in t
(electron) v chng lin kt ng ho
tr vi nhau to thnh mt mng bn
vng (Hnh 1.2.1-2-a).

III
5

IV

VI

VII

C
14

16

15

Si
32

34

33

Ge
50

Se

As
52

51

Sn

Sb

53

Sb

Hnh 1.2.1-1 Cc nguyn t bn dn

Khi c mt tm khng thun khit (nguyn t l, nguyn t tha khng lin kt
trong bn dn, dn n nhng khuyt tt trong mng tinh th: nt chn khng, nguyn
t hay ion gia cc nt mng, s ph v tinh th, rn v) th trng in tun hon
ca tinh th b bin i v chuyn ng ca cc in t b nh hng, tnh dn in
ca bn dn cng thay i.
Nu trn vo Ge mt t n cht thuc phn nhm III chng hn nh In, th do
lp in t ngoi cng ca In ch c ba in t nn thiu 1 in t to cp i n
t ng ho tr. Nguyn t In c th s ly 1 din t ca nguyn t Ge ln cn v lm
xut hin mt l trng (hole) dng
(Hnh 1.2.1-b). Ion Ge l trng ny li c th ly 1 in t ca nguyn t Ge khc
trung ho v bin nguyn t Ge sau thnh mt l trng mi. Qu trnh c th tip
din v bn dn Ge c gi l bn dn l trng hay bn dn dng (bn dn loi P
Positive).
Tng t, nu trn vo Ge mt t n cht thuc phn nhm V, chng hn
nh As, th do lp in t ngoi cng ca As c 5 in t nn sau khi to 4 cp in
t ng ho tr vi 4 nguyn t Ge xung quanh, th As tha ra 1 in t. in t ny
d dng ri khi nguyn t As v tr thnh in t t do. Bn dn Ge tr thnh bn
dn in t hay bn dn m (bn dn loi N Negative).
Khi nhit cht bn dn tng hay b nh sng chiu vo nhiu th chuy n ng
ca cc phn t mang in mnh ln nn cht bn dn s dn in tt hn.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t

Ge

Ge

Ge

Ge

Ge

In

Ge

a,

As
Ge

Ge

Ge

b,

Ge

Ge

Ge

Ge

c,

Hnh 1.2.1-2 S to ra cc bn dn P(b) v N(c)

Cc cht bn dn c th l n cht nh B,
C, Si, Ge, S, Secc hp cht nh ZnS, CdSb,
AlSbcc xyt nh Al2O3, Cu2O, ZnO, SiO2cc
sulfua nh ZnS, CdS.
Hin nay, cc cht bn dn c dng rt
nhiu trong cc lnh vc khoa hc, k thut v i
sng.

1.2.2.Diode cng sut

a>Cu to c im v phn loi:
-Diode cng sut l phn t bn dn c mt tip gip PN. Din tch b mt tip gip
c ch to ln hn so vi diode thng thng, c th t ti hng trc mm 2. Mt
dng in cho php ca tip gip c 10A/mm. 2 Do vy dng in nh mc ca
mt s loi diode c th t ti hng trm ampe, nh PK200, thm ch hng nghn
ampe nh BB2-1250. Cu to v k hiu ca diode cng sut c m t nh hnh
1.2.2-1

GVHD:
SVTH:.

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t

A
A

P
J
N
K

K
K

Hnh 1.2.2-1: Cu trc v k hiu ca diode cng sut

-iode c 2 loi thng c dng trong cc mch chnh lu cng sut ln:

*Diode chnh lu Gecmani (Ge):

Tip gip ca diode Ge phn ln c ch to bng phng php lm nng chy IN
(indi) vi nhit thch hp, trong bn dn Ge loi N. Ming bn dn Ge c hn
vi nn bng thp. Tinh th Ge c t trong v bc hp kim cova bo v v
lin kt vi b phn tn nhit.
-c im ca Diode Ge l in p chu ng c khong 400V, nhng st p trn
Diode nh nn c s dng trong cc b chnh lu in p thp. Diode Ge thng
b nh thng do nhit . Nhit cho php ca Diode Ge l 750C, nn khi lm vic
nhit cao dng in ngc tng ln ng k dn n cht lng chnh lu thp,
do vy ta c th coi nhit cho php l nhit ti hn ca Diode Ge.
*Diode chnh lu silic (Si):
-Diode chnh lu Si c ch to bng cch lm nng chy nhm trong tinh th Si
loi N, hoc lm nng chy hp kim thic pht pho, hay vng antimoan trong tinh th
silic loi P. Ngoi ra ngi ta cn ch to bng phng php khuch tn
Pht pho vo tinh th Si loi N. Cng ngh ch to kiu khuch tn thng c p
dng cho cc loi diode cng sut ln.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
-Tinh th Si v tip gip PN c bc bi v kim loi, tinh th bn dn c hn
bng hp kim bc- antimoan hay vng- antimoan.
- Diode Si c in p ngc cho php c 2500V, nhng xt din p trn Diode Si
cng cao hn Diode Ge. Nhit cho php ca Diode Si kh cao
tmax = 1250C, v hin tng nh thng ch yu cng l do nhit .

b>Nguyn l lm vic v c tnh vn ampe:

-Khi tip gip PN ca diode c t i tc dng ca in p bn ngoi, nu in
trng ngoi cng chiu vi in trng E th vng ngho in tch x c m
rng ra, nn in tr tng ng ca diode cng ln v dng in x khng th
chy qua. Lc ny ton b in p x c t lnvng ngho in tch, ta ni r ng
diode b phn cc ngc. Hnh 1.2.2-2.
-Khi in trng ngoi ngc chiu vi in trng E th vng ngho in tch x b
thu hp li. Nu in p bn ngoi ln hn 0,65V th vng ngho in tch x thu hp
li n bng khng, v cc in tch c th di chuyn t do qua cu trc ca diode.
Dng in i qua diode lc ny ch b hn ch do in tr ti mch ngoi. Khi ta
ni rng diode c phn cc thun.
Hnh 1.2.2-3.

n
E

+
+

ng

ng

p
+
+

+
+

vng ngho cc in tch

Hng di chuyn cc cc in tch

Hnh 1.2.2-2.

Hnh 1.2.2-3.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

10

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
*c tnh vn ampe:

n g ,m a x

U
0

D0

m A
c t n h t h c t c a d i o d e

U
0

D0

m A
c t n h t u y n t n h h a c a d i o d e

m A
c t n h l t - n g c a d i o d e

Hnh 1.2.2-4.

c tnh V-A ca diode gm 2 nhnh, nhnh thun(1) nm gc phn t th

nht ng vi UAK > 0, nhnh ngc (2) nm gc phn t th ba ng vi
UAK < 0 hnh1.2.2-4.
-Trn ng c tnh thun ca diode nu in p UAK c tng dn t 0 n vt
qu gi tr UD0 0,6 0,7V, gi l in p ri trn diode theo chiu thun, th dng
in i qua diode c th t ti gi tr rt ln, nhng in p ri trn diode hu nh
khng i.
-Trn ng c tnh ngc diode nu in p U AK c tng dn t 0 n gi tr
Ungmax th dng in qua diode c gi tr rt nh, gi l dng d. Cho n khi U AK t
n gi tr ln hn Ungmax th dng in qua diode tng t ngt, nh vy kh nng
cn tr dng in ca diode theo chiu ngc b ph v. y l hin tng diode b
nh thng.
-Trong nhng tnh ton thc t ngi ta thng dng c tnh gn ng tuyn tnh
ha ca diode. Biu thc ton hc ca ng c tnh ny l:

GVHD:
SVTH:.

11

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
u = UD0 + iDRD
Trong : UD0(V); ID (A); RD ().
-c tnh V-A ca diode thc t l khc nhau, n ph thuc vo dng in cho php
v in p ngc m diode chu c. Theo c tnh l tng th in tr tng
ng ca diode bng 0 theo chiu thun v bng theo chiu ngc.

c> Biu thc gii tch c tnh V-A

- c tnh V-A ca diode c biu din gn ng bng biu thc:
q .U

I = Is( e k .T - 1)
Trong :

Is - Dng in r khong vi trc mA.

q - in tch ca in t (q = 1,59.10-19 C).

k - Hng s Boltzmann (k = 1,38.10-23 J/K).
T = 2730 + t0 - Nhit nhit i (0K).
t0 - Nhit mi trng 0C
u in p t trn diode (V)
d>Cc tham s c bn ca Diode
-Gi tr trung bnh ca dng in cho php chy qua diode theo chiu thun, I D . Trong
qu trnh lm vic dng in chy qua diode s lm pht nng tinh th bn dn ca
diode. Cng sut tn hao ca diode khi s bng tch dng in chy qua n v i
in p ri trn diode. Diode ch dn dng theo mt chiu t ant n catot. iu ny
c ngha l cng sut pht nhit t l vi dng in trung bnh qua diode, V vy gi
tr ID l mt thng s quan trng la chn mt diode trong mt ng dng c th.
-Gi tr in p ngc ln nht m diode c th chiu ng c, Ung,max.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

12

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
Ung,max l gi tr in p ngc ln nht m diode c th chu ng c, y
cng l mt thng s quan trng la chn mt diode. Nh c tnh
vn ampe ch ra, qu trnh diode b nh thng l qu trnh khng th o ngc
c, v vy trong cc ng dng thc t khi la chn diode phi lun m bo U AK
<= Ung,max .
-Tn s lm vic ca diode.
Qu trnh pht nhit trn diode cn ph thuc vo tn s ng ct ca diode.
Trong cc khong thi gian diode m ra hoc kha li cng sut tn hao tc thi
u(t).i(t) c gi tr ln hn luc diode dn dng hoc lc ng b kha. V vy nu tn
s ng ct cao, hoc trong trng hp thi gian ng ct ca diode
So snh c vi khong dn dng hoc kha th tn tht trn diode l i b quy nh
ch yu bi tn s lm vic ch khng phi ch c gi tr dng in trung bnh. Cc
diode c ch to ph hp vi cc di tn s lm vic khc nhau, nn khi la
chn diode cn phi quan tm dn tn s lm vic ca diode.
-Thi gian phc hi tr.
Trong cc b bin i thng sy ra qu trnh chuyn mch gia cc phn t,
ngha l qu trnh dng in chuyn t mt phn t ny sang mt phn t khc. Cc
diode khi kha li c dng ngc c th c bin rt ln di tn cc in tch ra
khi cu trc bn dn ca mnh trong khong thi gian t r, gi l thi gian phc hi.
Thi gian phc hi cng quyt nh tn tht cng sut trong diode. Cc diode c thi
gian phc hi rt ngn c s, gi l cc diode ct nhanh. Cn phi phn bit cc
diode ct nhanh vi cc diode tn s cao, v t r l mt thng s cn quan tm khi chn
diode.

1.2.3. Tranzitor cng sut - (Bipolar Junction Transistor)- (BJT)

a> Cu to v c im chung
Transitor cng sut c cu to, k hiu tng t nh Transitor thng vi cc
loi nh NPN hay PNP. N cng c cu to bi ba min bn dn, c ghp lin

GVHD:
SVTH:.

13

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
tip nhau, min gia lun khc tn vi 2 min bn cnh, to nn hai lp tip gip
PN. Nu min bn gia l loi N th 2 min bn cnh l loi P khi ta c lo i
transitor thun PNP. Ngc li nu min bn gia l loi P th 2 min bn cnh l
loi N khi ta c loi transitor ngc NPN.
- Transior cng sut a ra ngoi ba cc, cc ni vi lp bn dn gia gi l cc
gc B (baz), cc ni vi lp bn dn m khi lm vic c in trng ngoi ngc
chiu vi in trng trong gi l cc pht E (Emitor), cc ni vi lp bn dn cn
li l cc C (Collector).

Collector

Collector

p
J1
Baz

J1

Baz

J2
p

Emitor

p
J2
n

Emitor

Hnh 1.2.3-1: Cu trc v k hiu ca tranzitor thun - ngc

im khc c bn vi Transitor thng l Transitor cng sut thng c s

dng nh 1 kho ng - ct in t. Tip gip ca Transitor cng sut ln c din
tch hng trc mm2 v n c th cho dng in qua hng chc n hng trm Ampe,
chu c tn s ng ct tng i cao v in p lm vic kh ln, n cn c
gi l phn t khuch i chuyn mch. Transitor c hai im lm vic khc bit.
Hnh 1.2.3-2 m t s mt b khuch i chuyn mch.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

14

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t

+Us

R1

R2
U out

U in

Hnh 1.2.3-2. B khuch i chuyn mch

Nh vy, mt Transitor lm vic trng thi kho in t th n ch lm vic
hai trng thi ng hoc ct hay dn - khng dn.
b>. ng c tnh lm vic
ng c tnh lm vic ca Transitor trng thi ng - ct c trnh by
nh hnh v 1.2.3-3. Trong vng c tnh u ra, Transitor ch c hai im lm vic:
ng hoc ct hay dn hoc ngng dn.
Ic (A)
Ib

Ucb = 0
A4
A3

+Ub

A2

Rc

R2

Uin

V1
R1

Uout
A1
Uce
Uce
Uce

Ub
Uce

Hnh 1.2.3-3 im lm vic ca cng tc Transitor

GVHD:
SVTH:.

15

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
Hnh v 1.2.3-3. cho thy Transitor ngng dn im lm vic A1 (dng in
IB = 0) ch c mt dng in r ICEO ph thuc vo nhit ca lp bn dn.
Nu Transitor dn, th im lm vic trong vng c tnh u ra tng t A1
n A2. y dng in IC tng tuyn tnh vi dng in IB khi dng in IB tng
cng ln th im lm vic s chuyn t A2 vt qua A3 n A4. n y dng
in IC tng rt t, c ngha l Transitor b iu khin qu mc. y in p U CE
gim xung b hn in p bo ho UCEsat chng c gi l: UCErest
c>S iu khin qu mc ca Transitor
S iu khin qu mc l trng thi hot ng ca Transitor, m khi c dng
in IB qu ln chy qua, n ln hn c dng in cn thit dng I C t ti cc
i. iu khin qu mc th dng in IC thay i khng cn tuyn tnh vi dng IB
na. im iu khin qu mc t n nu
UBE = UCEsat c ngha l UCB = 0. Transitor c iu khin qu mc nu n cn lm
vic nh l mt cng tc.
S iu khin qu mc c u im l in p d UCErest rt nh, lm cho cng sut
tn hao b.
Mc iu khin qu mc c tnh ton theo h s iu khin qu mc u
n chnh l t s dng in IB thc t v dng in IB cn thit Transitor iu
khin n gii hn UCB = 0.
u = IB/IB,
Thng thng t s ny c chn t u = 2-5.
d> Khuch i chuyn mch vi ti l in tr
B khuch i chuyn mch bng Transitor c ng dng rng ri l b
chuyn mch cng sut. Trong trng hp ny ti c th mc trc tip vi cc
Collector. Hnh 1.2.3-4 v 1.2.3-5 l s nguyn l ca mt b chuyn mch cng
sut vi ti l in tr thun v min c tnh l tng ca mch.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

16

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
dc ca ng lm vic trn hnh 1.2.3-5 c xc nh qua ln c a
in tr ti. im lm vic A1 (IB = 0A) Transitor khng dn. im A2 th
Transitor dn. V Transitor iu khin qu mc nn in p U CErest tng ng nh.
Nh vy trong khi ng cng nh trong khi ct mch in, im lm vic ca mch
chuyn di gia im lm vic A1 n A2 dc theo ng thng lm vic c
in tr thun xc nh. Trong thc t khng ch c cc ti in tr thun m c khi
cn c ti in dung hoc in cm mc trong mch, v d nh cun dy Rle hoc
cun dy ca nam chm in, t cm ca chng trc tip lm tr ngi n qu
trnh chuyn mch tip gia cc im lm vic. Khi ngt mch nhanh cc in cm
ny c th xut hin nh in p ln hn in p ngun nui t vo Transitor, do
vy m c th dn ti tnh trng ph hng Transitor. V vy cn c bin php bo v
cho cc van cng sut.
Ic

A2

+Us
Rload

R1

V1

A1

Uin

Hnh 1.2.3-4

A
0

Us

Uce

Hnh 1.2.4-5

e> Khuch i chuyn mch vi ti l t in

Mch khuch i chuyn mch vi ti l t in v ng c tnh tng ng c
m t trn hnh 1.2.3.-6 v 1.2.3 -7 Mch ny cn thit phi lp thm in tr ti v
nu khng s khng c im lm vic A2 trong ch tnh.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

17

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
Ic

+Us
Rload
R1

A2

Cload

V1
A1

Ib= 0A

Uin
Us

Uce

Hnh 1.2.3.-6

Hnh 1.2.3-7

Chuyn mch cng sut vi ti t

in

ng c tnh lm vic vi ti t in

f> Khuch i chuyn mch vi ti l cun dy

S hot ng ca b khuch i chun mch cng sut vi ti l cun dy v
ng c tnh tng ng m t trn hnh 1.2.3-8 v 1.2.3-9.
Trong im lm vic A1, Transitor khng dn nn khng c dng in chy
qua Rload v Lload Cun dy khng d tr nng lng t trng. Trong khonh khc
ng mch khi c dng in IB th xut hin trong cun dy mt sc in ng cm
ng. Lc u n nh hn in p ngun nui US v n nh dn. Chnh sc in ng
cm ng ny sinh ra dng in c chiu ngc vi chiu dng I C, nn dng IC b tc
ng ch tng t t. im lm vic chuyn di trong pham vi qu trn ng c
tnh m t l pha di theo chiu mi tn ti lm vic A2.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

18

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
+Us
Rload

Ic
A2
Khong co
Diode bao ve

Co Diode bao
ve

Lload

R1
V1

A1

Ib= 0A
Us

Uin

Uce

Hnh 1.2.3-8

Hnh 1.2.3-9

Chuyn mch cng sut vi ti in

cm

ng c tnh lm vic vi ti in cm

im lm vic A2 Transitor dn mt dng collector nht nh. Dng ny

chy qua Rload v Lload. Trong cun dy lc ny d tr mt nng lng t trng.
Trong khonh khc ngt mch, Transitor khng dn, nh vy ko theo mt s cng
v ca t trng v nng lng d tr s c gii phng. N xut hin mt
sc in ng t cm UL m cc dng ca n t trc tip vo cc C ca
Transitor, ln ca sc in ng t cm ny ph thuc vo nng lng d tr v
s nhanh hay chng ca qu trnh ngt (thi gian qu trnh ngt). Lc ny im lm
vic chuyn di trong phm vi qu trn ng c tnh pha trn theo hng mi
tn ti im lm vic A1.

GVHD:
SVTH:.

19

Trng i hc s phm k thut Hng yn

hc

mn

Khoa in in t
Qua hin tng t cm, trong qu
trnh ngt mch c th s xut hin trn
cc C ca Transitor mt in p qu cao,
cao hn c in p US. iu ny c th
dn ti tnh trng lm hng Transitor, do
cc mch c ti l cc cun dy
thng cn c bin php bo v.
Mt trong nhng bin php bo
v l ngi ta thc hin theo s
hnh 1.2.3-10

+Us
Rload

Lload

R1
V1
Uin

Hnh 1.2.3-10 Mch bo v bng Diode

cho mch khuch i chuyn mch
cng sut

1.2.4. TRANSITOR TRNG FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR

Transitor trng c vit

tt l FET (Field effect Transitor)
l loi Transitor c tng tr u
vo rt ln khc vi Transitor
lng cc BJT
( Bipolar Junction Transitor) loi
NPN hay PNP c tng tr u vo
tng i nh cch lp rp
thng thng kiu E chung.

ng in t

1.2.4.1. Khi nim

Tinh th bn dn loi N

in trng

+
U2
-

-U1

Hnh 1.2.4-1. S nguyn l hot ng ca

FET

GVHD:
SVTH:.

20