LPG

MC LC
M U .............................................................................................................................. 5
PHN 1: TNG QUAN ...................................................................................................... 7
CHNG 1: GII THIU V NGUYN LIU KH DU M V SN PHM KH
HO LNG (LPG) .............................................................................................................. 7
1. KHI NIM V KH DU M .................................................................................. 7
1.1. Thnh phn v c tnh ca kh du m ................................................................. 7
1.2. Tim nng, tr lng v vic ch bin, s dng kh du m trn th gii v
Vit Nam ........................................................................................................................ 9
2. GII THIU V LPG ................................................................................................ 10
2.1. LPG v s dng LPG ............................................................................................ 10
2.2. Mt s c tnh ho l thng mi ....................................................................... 11
2.3. Cc ng dng quan trng ca LPG trong cc lnh vc khc nhau ....................... 18
2.4. C s ha l ca qu trnh. ................................................................................... 20
2.5. Cc thit b chnh c trong sn xut LPG ............................................................. 27
CHNG 2: CNG NGH SN XUT LPG ................................................................ 34
1. THU HI LPG T CC QU TRNH TRONG NH MY LC DU ............... 34
1.1. Phn xng chng ct du th.............................................................................. 34
1.2. Phn xng Cracking xc tc ............................................................................... 35
1.3. Phn xng Reforming xc tc ............................................................................ 36
2. SN XUT LPG T KH T NHIN V KH NG HNH ............................. 36
2.1. Chun b kh ch bin ...................................................................................... 37
2.2. Cc cng ngh sn xut LPG ................................................................................ 40
2.3. Mt s cng ngh sn xut LPG in hnh ........................................................... 44
2.4. La chn dy chuyn cng ngh .......................................................................... 50
1
2.5. Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh ..................................................................... 50

PHN 2: TNH TON CNG NGH .............................................................................. 53
1. CC THNG S C TRNG CA HN HP KH NGUYN LIU .............. 53
2. M PHNG DY CHUYN CNG NGH BNG PHN MM HYSYS........... 55
3. TNH TON CN BNG VT CHT V CN BNG NHIT LNG TNG
THIT B ........................................................................................................................ 68
3.1. Thit b Slug Catcher ............................................................................................ 68
3.2.Thit b phn tch thu hi lng V-101 ................................................................... 69
3.3.Thit b tch nhanh V-03 ....................................................................................... 71
3.4.Thp tch nc V-06 ............................................................................................. 73
3.5.Thp tch Metan C-05 ........................................................................................... 75
3.6.Thp tch Etan C-01 .............................................................................................. 77
3.7.Thp tch Condensat C-02..................................................................................... 79
3.8.Thp phn tch Bu-pro C-03 ................................................................................. 81
4. CN BNG CHUNG CA H THNG .................................................................. 83
4.1.Cn bng vt cht................................................................................................... 83
4.2.Cn bng nhit lng ............................................................................................. 85
5. TNH TON KCH THC THIT B CHNH ...................................................... 86
5.1.Thp tch C3/C4 .................................................................................................... 86
5.2.Thp tch Bupro .................................................................................................... 87
PHN 3:THIT K XY DNG ..................................................................................... 90
1.C IM CA PHN XNG ............................................................................. 90
1.1.c im ca nguyn liu...................................................................................... 90
1.2. c im ca sn phm ........................................................................................ 90
1.3.c im ca dy chuyn sn xut ........................................................................ 90

2. CHN A IM XY DNG................................................................................ 91
2.1.Yu cu khi thit k tng mt bng nh my ........................................................ 91
2.2.Gii php thit k xy dng ................................................................................... 92
2.3.Mt bng nh my ................................................................................................. 96
PHN 4: TNH TON KINH T...................................................................................... 99
1. MC CH, NGHA, CA TNH TON KINH T ............................................ 99
2. TNH TON ............................................................................................................... 99
2.1. Ch vn hnh ca phn xng ......................................................................... 99
2.2. Hch ton chi ph ................................................................................................ 100
2.3. Tnh gi thnh ca sn phm .............................................................................. 101
2.4. Tnh tng doanh thu 1 nm ................................................................................. 101
2.5. Li nhun kinh t ................................................................................................ 101
2.6. Thu VAT ........................................................................................................... 101
2.7. Tnh thi gian thu hi vn .................................................................................. 101
PHN 5 : AN TON LAO NG ................................................................................. 102
1. BO QUN, VN CHUYN V TN CHA LPG ............................................ 102
1.1. Vn chuyn LPG ................................................................................................. 102
1.2. Bo qun v tn cha.......................................................................................... 102
2. AN TON KHI S DNG LPG ............................................................................. 103
3. AN TON LAO NG ........................................................................................... 104
3.1. Mc ch v ngha ........................................................................................... 104
3.2. Ni quy an ton khi vo cng trng nh my .................................................. 104
3.3. Cc bin php an ton lao ng .......................................................................... 105
KT LUN ...................................................................................................................... 107

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................ 109
M U
Vit Nam c mt tim nng v kh kh phong ph. Nh my ch bin kh Dinh
C (B Ra Vng Tu) hng nm cung cp 300.000 tn kh ho lng (LPG) cha propan
v butan. Do c im kh ca Vit Nam cha rt t H2S (0,02g/m3) nn y l loi kh rt
sch, rt thun tin cho ch bin v s dng, iu ny cho php thu c sn phm LPG
t cht lng cao. Nu t LPG c th chuyn sang cc nguyn liu cho tng hp Hu c
- Ho du th gi tr kinh t s cao hn nhiu s vi vic s dng lm nhin liu. Mc d
hin nay Vit Nam, LPG ch yu ch c s dng lm nhin liu t dn dng nhng
trong tng lai cc cng ngh chuyn ho LPG thnh cc nguyn liu cho tng hp Hu
c - Ho du s pht trin rt mnh m.
Trong nhng nm gn y, kh hi t du m ho lng (Liquefied petroleum
Gases - LPG) l mt ngun cung cp hi t rt quan trng i vi nc ta, c trong dn
dng v cng nghip. N ng mt phn khng nh vo s pht trin ca nn kinh t
quc dn. T thc tin qu bu ny, dn dn t ch chng ta nhp khu kh du m ho
lng ch yu, sang ch ng sn xut c nh c nh my x l kh Dinh C, ch bin
v x l mt lng ln kh ng hnh t cc m du ca nc ta nh: Bch h, i
Hng, Rng,... Gn y, chng ta cn pht hin v c nhng hng pht trin mi i vi
nhng m kh ln nh: Lan Ty, Lan ,... vi qui m ln hn, khng ch dng li vic
cung cp LPG cho mc ch hi t thng thng.
Ngy nay trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam, nhu cu s dng kh t ngy cng
tng. Chnh v th m nn cng nghip khai thc v ch bin kh ngy cng pht trin
c th p ng c nhu cu tiu th. Vit Nam tr lng kh pht hin c rt nhiu
ha hn cho mt tim nng to ln ca t nc. Trong khi lng du th ngy cng gim,
cn kit th ngun nguyn liu kh mi coi nh bt u. Do trong nhng nm ti nhu
cu tiu th kh s tng ln, c bit l LPG v LPG c rt nhiu u im nh: d vn
chuyn, sch, khng c hi, khng nhim nhit nng cng nh nng lng cung cp
cho cc qu trnh ln...
Trong tng lai khng xa, LPG s thay th xng cho cc ng c. V s dng
nhin liu ny c rt nhiu u im trong c bit l khng gy nhim mi trng v
rt an ton v li rt r. Hin nay LPG ch yu c s dng trong lnh vc un nu, sinh
hot, cc l cng nghip. Ngoi ra trong vi nm ti LPG s c s dng trong hu ht
cc lnh vc ca ton x hi. Chnh v th nhng thp k ti s l thp k ca ngnh cng
nghip ho du - kh ho lng LPG.
Do , vic nghin cu thit k phn xng sn xut LPG l rt cn thit nhm p
ng nhu cu s dng trong nc, gim thiu chi ph nhp khu t nc ngoi.
PHN 1: TNG QUAN

CHNG 1: GII THIU V NGUYN LIU KH DU M V SN PHM
KH HO LNG (LPG)
1. KHI NIM V KH DU M
Kh np v kh ng hnh iu kin nhit v p sut trong va du, cc
hydrocacbon c khi lng phn t ln th trng thi lng, cc hydrocacbon khi lng
phn t thp th trng thi kh.
Trong iu kin cn bng kh - lng, phn kh ho tan trong lng, phn khc nm
khng gian pha trn lp lng.
Kh nm trong khng gian pha trn ca tng du th nh ci np bng kh th gi
l kh np.
Kh khai thc du m t lng t ra, do gim p sut v nhit kh ho tan trong
du m s thot ra. Kt qu l t cht lng mt pha chuyn thnh dng hai pha: pha lng
l du m nh kh, pha kh l kh du m. Kh ny thu c ng thi vi khai thc
du, n i cng vi du t m ln khi khai thc nn gi l kh ng hnh (KH).
Cc hydrocacbon thu c khi khai thc du m gi l kh du m. [5]
1.1. Thnh phn v c tnh ca kh du m
Nhng cu t c bn ca kh du m (KDM) l: Metan, etan, propan, butan (nonal
v iso). Kh du m khai thc c t cc m du, ng thi vi qu trnh khai thc du
m.
Kh du m cha mt lng ln propan, butan v cc kh hydrocacbon nng hn
vi hm lng ng k thnh phn nhng cu t c bn trong kh thay i trong mt
phm vi kh rng tu theo m du khai thc. Ngoi ra cn c H2O, H2S v cc hp cht
cha S, CO2, N2 v Heli... [1]
Bng 1: Thnh phn cc hydrocacbon trong kh ng hnh
CH4
Kh ng hnh
% th tch
51,06
% khi lng
35,7
C2H6
18,52
24,3
C3H8
11,53
22,2
C4H10
4,37
11,1
C4H12
2,14
6,7
Phi hydrocacbon
12,38
Thnh phn
Ngi ta cn phn loi kh theo hm lng hydrocacbon t propan tr ln. Cc kh

giu propan, butan v cacbon hydro nng (trn 150g/cm3), c gi l kh "bo" hoc kh
"t". Cc kh hu nh ch gm ton metan v etan gi l kh "kh" hay kh "gy" (t
propan tr ln, di mc 50g/cm3).
Thnh phn kh gm cc cu t tnh bng phn trm theo th tch. Trong bng 2
a ra thnh phn KDM khai thc t mt vi m ca CHLB Nga.
Bng 2: Thnh phn KDM khai thc t mt vai m ca CHLB Nga (% theo th tch). [1]
CH4
Kh du m
Quibisep
39,91
Volgagrat
76,25
C2H6
23,31
8,13
C3H8
17,72
8,96
C4H10 (n v iso)
5,78
3,54
C5H12 (v cao hn)
1,1
3,33
CO2
0,46
0,83
H2 S
0,35
0,83
N2 v kh tr
11,36
1,25
Cc cu t
Bng 3 di y cho bit thnh phn kh du m khai thc c mt vi m ca

Vit Nam.
8
Bng 3: Thnh phn ho hc trung bnh ca KDM Vit Nam

(theo % th tch) [1]
CH4
Kh du m
Bch h
73
i hng
77
Rng
78
C2H6
13
10
3,0
C3H8
7,0
5,0
2,8
C4H10
2,9
3,3
1,0
C5H12
2,5
1,2
1,0
N2
0,5
0,5
13,0
CO2
0,7
3,0
2,0
Cc cu t
T cc s liu nu trn thy rng cc cu t c bn ca KDM l cc hydrocacbon

no, cc parapin, dy ng ng ca metan. Do trong kh du m thnh phn thay i
trong khong kh rng, cc cu t t C2 tr ln chim phn ln ng k trong thnh
phn kh. iu rt quan trng trong vic chn cng ngh ch bin thch hp, s dng
hp l ngun nguyn liu v sn phm nhn c.
1.2. Tim nng, tr lng v vic ch bin, s dng kh du m trn th gii v
Vit Nam
Kh du m (KDM) l ngun chnh cung cp cc nguyn liu quan trng nht cho
cng ngh ho hc v du kh. Thc t nhiu nc trn th gii cho thy rng vi tr
lng du ln, c th t chc sn xut qui m ln c li nhun cao cc sn phm etan,
kh ho lng (LPG), cc hydrocacbon khc, v nhin liu cho ng c. Do hiu qu cao
ca nhin liu kh v s quan tm ngy cng tng n cc sn phm ca n trn th trng
th gii, nhiu nc khai thc du kh xy dng, m rng, v trang b cc nh my ch
bin kh.
Trong nhng nm gn y cc nc Trung ng (Iran, Arp - Xt, Baran,...) d
nh hon thnh v khai thc ch bin v vn chuyn kh ng hnh vi tng gi thnh
khong 33 t la. [15]
Trong nhng nm gn y, nhiu nc trn th gii c xu hng tng cng sut

cc nh my ch bin kh.
Ti hi ngh kh th gii ln th 20 copenhagen (an Mch) thng 6 nm 1997,
ngi ta a ra d bo v nhu cu kh trn th gii n nm 2030, ch yu da vo d
bo v nhu cu kh cho sn xut in nh sau. [16]
Bng 4: D bo v nhu cu kh trn th gii
Nm
2000
2010
2020
2030
ng nam v Chu i Dng
103
132
157
185
Ton th gii
2547
3190
3650
4088
Khu vc
(n v: t m3 kh)
Kh du m ca Vit Nam ni chung cha rt t H2S (0,02 g/m3) nn l loi kh
sch rt thun li cho vic ch bin, s dng, an ton vi thit b v khng gy nhim
mi trng. [5]
Vi tim nng v kh kh phong ph, nc ta c iu kin pht trin cng nghip
du kh trn ton lnh th. Vic khai thc v s dng hp l ngun ti nguyn thin nhin
qu gi ny trong tng lai ngnh cng nghip ny s l mt ngnh cng nghip pht trin
mnh, ng gp ng k vo s pht trin ca t nc.
2. GII THIU V LPG
2.1. LPG v s dng LPG
Ho lng kh du m l qu trnh tch n gin, vn u t t hn so vi cc qu
trnh tch trit . Thng thng ngi ta ch tch ring metan thun cao lm nguyn
liu sn xut metanol, cn metan ln etan lm kh t cng nghip, gia dng pht in
hoc xut khu theo ng ng dn kh, hoc tch metan + etan cho sn xut amoniac,
ur, cn li phn ho lng LPG (Liquefied petroleum Gases). [5]
10
Thnh phn ho hc ch yu ca LPG l hydro ho dng parafin, c cng thc

chung l: CnH2n+2 nh:
Propan (C3H8)
Propylen (C3H6)
Butan (C4H10)
Butylen (C4H8)
Tuy nhin vn c kh nng xut hin du vt ca Etan (C2H6), Etylen (C2H4) hoc
pentan (C5H12), Butadien - 1,3 (C4H6) c th xut hin nhng khng t ti t l o c.
LPG c sn xut t ngun nguyn liu chnh l kh ng hnh (KH) v t cc
qu trnh ch bin du m nh: Alkyl ho, cracking xc tc, polyme ho, isome ho...
Nhng hin nay tng sn lng LPG thu c t qu trnh ch bin KH chim 62%
khi lng.
Ngy nay, LPG c s dng trong sinh hot, cng nghip ho du, nhin liu c
bit, do nhu cu ngy cng cao v vic bo v mi trng nn LPG c c bit quan
tm. [21]
2.2. Mt s c tnh ho l thng mi
2.2.1. Trng thi tn ti
iu kin nhit v p sut thng, LPG tn ti trng thi hi. Do LPG c t
s gin n ln: mt n v th tch gas lng to ra 270 n v th tch gas hi, v vy
thun tin v kinh t trong tn cha, vn chuyn, LPG c ho lng bng cch nn vo
cc bnh cha chu p lc nhit thng hoc lm sch ho lng tn cha p sut
thng.
Khi chuyn t pha lng sang pha hi, LPG thu nhit. Nng lng cn thit ly t
bn thn LPG v t mi trng xung quanh, v vy nhit LPG v bnh cha gim
xung. c bit khi qu trnh ho hi xy ra d di gy gim p n p sut kh quyn,
LPG lm lnh khng kh, bnh cha gy nn hin tng to tuyt hoc sng (khi ny
11
nhit t n nhit im sng). Ngc li khi hi LPG ngng t chuyn sang pha
lng th LPG to nhit dn n lm tng nhit LPG v thit b cng ngh tn cha n
n tng p sut ca LPG.
2.2.2. Nhit si
p sut kh quyn: propan si -420C v Butan si -0,50C. Chnh v vy,
nhit v p sut thng LPG bay hi d di v nu LPG tip xc vi da c th gy ra
bng lnh nng khi nhit gim st ln.
Bng 5: c tnh ca propan v butan thng phm. [4]
TT Cc c tnh
V o
Propan
Butan
1 Nhit ti hn
95
150
2 im si
-45
3 T trng th lng (d15/4)
0,51
0,575
4 T trng th hi (dKK = 1)
1,52
2,01
5 Th tch ring th hi 00C v 760 mmHg
m3/kg
0,51
0,385
6 Th tch ring th hi/lng 00C
m3/kg
274
233
p sut hi
7
00C;
Kg/cm2
500C
1721,5
5 6,25
Kcal/kg
85,5
89
Nng sut to nhit thc t (nt)
Kcal/kg
11000
10900
Nng sut to nhit thc t 9 (nt)
Kcal/Nm3
21000
28400
Nng sut to nhit chung (gross)
Kcal/kg
11900
11800
Nng sut to nhit chung (gross)
Kcal/Nm3
23400
30700
Khng kh cn t chy
Kg/kg LPG
15,6
15,3
Khng kh cn t chy
M3/m3 LPG
23,5
30,0
% SP t chy 13,9
14,1
8 n nhit bay hi 150C

9
10
11
47,5757 1,03 2,0
12 Kh CO2 trn l thuyt

2.2.3. T trng
12
T trng th lng: iu kin 150C, 760mmHg, t trng ca propan bng 0,51 v

ca butan bng 0,575. Nh vy th lng t trng ca LPG xp x bng mt na t trng
ca nc.
T trng th kh: iu kin thng 150C, 760mmHg, t trng ca propan hi
bng 1,52 v ca Butan hi bng 2,01. Nh vy th hi t trng ca LPG gn gp hai
ln t trng khng kh. [17]
2.2.4. p sut hi bo ho
p sut hi bo ho ca LPG ph thuc vo nhit bn ngoi ca thit b v t l
thnh phn Butan/propan. LPG vi thnh phn 70% propan v 30% butan c p sut hi
bo ho 6kg/cm2, cng iu kin nhit 200C, khi thay i thnh phn hn hp, p
sut hi bo ho cng thay i. p sut hi ca gas ph thuc rt ln vo mi trng
xung quanh. Nhit mi trng cng cao, p sut hi trong bn cha cng ln.
Bng 6: p sut hi bo ho ca hn hp Butan/Propan theo t l %, theo nhit ,
kg/cm2
Propan (%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Butan (%)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-10
2,4
2,2
2,0
1,8
1,5
1,2
0,9
0,7
0,3
3,3
3,55 3,2
2,9
2,5
2,2
1,8
1,3
1,3
0,5 -
10
6,6
5,2
4,7
4,3
3,8
3,4
2,8
2,4
1,7
1,1 0,5
20
7,6
7,1
6,5
6,0
5,4
4,8
4,1
3,4
2,8
1,9 1,1
30
10,1
9,45 8,7
8,0
7,3
6,7
5,7
4,8
3,8
2,8 1,3
40
13,1
12,3 11,5 10,5 9,7
8,7
7,7
6,6
5,4
4,2 2,3
50
17,0
15,9 14,3 13,7 12,6 11,3 10
8,7
7,3
6,7 4,1
60
21,0
19,8 18,5 17,2 16,0 14,3 12,8 11,2 8,3
7,6 5,5
2.2.5. Tnh gin n

T l gin n ca propan v butan (hai thnh phn chnh trong LPG) nh sau:
13
Bng 7: T l gin n ca LPG

Propan
1 th tch cht lng cao 270 th tch hi 1 at
Butan
1 th tch cht lng cao 238 th tch hi 1 at
iu ny mang mt ngha kinh t rt ln so vi cc loi kh nn khc, v ch cn

t khng gian, tc l thit b cng ngh nh cho tn cha vn chuyn. Gas c tc bc
hi nhanh v to lan trong khng kh vi mt th tch bng 270 ln ln hn mt n v
th tch trng thi lng. Do , trong mi trng hp khng c gas x thot ra
ngoi khi khu vc xung quanh do c ngun la h, v d b bt chy.
2.2.6. Gii hn chy n
Gii hn chy n ca LPG trong hn hp khng kh - gas c trnh by trong bng 8.
Bng 8: Gii hn chy ca LPG trong hn hp khng kh - gas.[4]
Propan
Gii hn chy n di
(%) th tch
2,2
Butan
1,8
9,0
Kh than
4,0
29,0
Kh than t
5,0
46,0
Hydro
4,0
75,0
Axetylen
2,5
80,0
Xng
0,5
7,0
TT Nhin liu
Gii hn chy n trn

(% th tch)
10,0
2.2.7. Nhit tr
Ch tiu ng lu nht l thnh phn ho hc ca LPG m ch yu l propan v
butan. Hm lng propan cng nhiu th p sut hi cng cao, nhit tr cng ln.
Nhit tr ca LPG so vi mt s loi nhin liu, nng lng khc c trnh by
trong bng 9.
14
Bng 9: Nhit tr ca LPG ca mt s loi nhin liu, nng lng [4]
Nhin liu, nng Nhit lng c ch

lng
(Kcal/kg)
Propan
11000
Nhit lng ton phn

(Kcal/kg)
11900
Butan
10900
11800
Axetylen
11530
11950
Hydro
2880
34000
Du Go
9880
10500
Du Do
10250
10900
Du ho
10400
11100
Xng
10500
11300
Than ci
7900
8050
10
Than
4200 - 8100
4400 - 8300
11
Than cc
5800
5850
12
Ci
1800 - 400
2200 - 4700
13
in nng
860 Kcal/Kw.h
TT
Mt cch tng i c th so snh: nhit lng do 1kg LPG cung cp bng 14

kw.h in nng, bng 1,5 lt du ho...
2.2.8. Nhit t bt chy
Nhit t bt chy l nhit m c phn ng chy t xy ra i vi hn
hp khng kh - nhin liu (hoc oxy - nhin liu). Nhit t bt chy ti thiu ph
thuc vo thit b th, t l khng kh/ nhin liu, p sut hn hp. Mt s gi tr c
trng nhit t bt chy ca mt s loi nhin liu ti p sut kh quyn (trong khng
kh hoc trong oxy) c trnh by bng 10.
15
Bng 10: Nhit t bt chy ca mt s loi nhin liu ti p sut kh quyn.[4]

TT
Nhin liu
Nhit t bt chy ti thiu (0C)

Trong khng kh
Trong oxy
Propan
400-580
470-575
Butan
410-550
280-550
Axetylen
305-500
295-440
Hydro
550-590
560
Du Do
250-340
>240
Xng
280-430
>240
Du ho
>250
>240
Than
370-500
>240
Than cc
425-650
>240
10
Metan
630-750
2.2.9. Tr s octan
Tr s octan ca LPG rt cao. Tr s octan ca propan v butan theo tiu chun
ASTM c trnh by trong bng 11.
Bng 11: Tr s octan ca propan v butan.[4]
Thnh
phn LPG
Propan
Butan
Tr s octan ASTM
Phng php ng c D.357
Phng php nghin cu D-908
99,5
111,4
89,1
94,0
2.2.10. Th tch phn t gam

iu kin tiu chun (00C, 1atm): 1mol hi propan c th tch 21, 98 lt, 1mol
butan c th tnh 21,58 lt.
2.2.11. nht
16
LPG c nht rt thp, 200C nht ca LPG l 0,3 cst. Chnh v vy, LPG c
tnh linh ng cao, c th r r, thm thu nhng ni m nc v xng du khng r r
nn d lm hng du m bi trn ti cc v tr lm kn khng tt.[4]
2.2.12. Tnh c
LPG hon ton khng gy c cho ngi, khng gy nhim mi trng. Tuy
nhin, do hi gas nng hn khng kh, v vy nu r r ra ngoi mi trng kn s chim
ch ca khng kh v c th gy ngt. LPG cn l nhin liu rt sch: hm lng lu
hunh thp (<0,02%), khi chy ch to ra kh CO2 v hi nc, lng kh c SO2, H2S,
CO ca qu trnh chy l rt nh, khng gy nh hng ti mi trng. [10]
2.2.13. Mu sc, mi v
LPG th lng v hi u khng mi, khng mu. V l do an ton nn LPG c
pha thm cht to mi d pht hin khi c s r r. Cc nh sn xut trn vo gas
nhng cht to mi c trng. Theo a s cc tiu chun an ton, cht to mi v nng
pha ch phi thch hp sao cho c th pht hin c trc khi hi gas r r t nng
bng 1/5 gii hn n di khi trong khng kh c 0,5% gas l ta c th ngi thy
mi. [4]
LPG thng mi thng c pha thm cht to mi Etyl mecaptan v kh ny c
mi c trng, ho tan tt trong LPG, khng c, khng gy n mn kim loi v tc
bay hi gn vi LPG nn nng trong LPG khng i khi bnh cha c s dng cho
n ht.
17
2.2.14. Yu cu k thut i vi kh t ho lng

Bng 12:Yu cu k thut i vi kh ha lng [4]
c tnh
Thnh phn
Phng php
th
Propan
thng mi
ASTM
Ch yu l C3H8
D-2163
v/ hoc C3H6
Hn hp Butan
Butan
v
thng mi Propan thng
mi
Hn hp ch yu
Ch yu l
gm C4H10 v/
C4H10 v/
hoc C4H8 vi
hoc C4H8
C3H8 v /hoc
C3H6
p sut hi
37,80C, Kpa, max
Nhit bc hi
95% th tch, 0C max
Thnh phn cn sau
khi bc hi 100ml.
ml, max
Hm lng lu
ASTM D-1267
hoc ASTM D- 1430
1485
1430
2,2
2,2
0,05
0,05
0,05
185
140
140
2598
ASTM D-1837 -38,3
ASTM
D-2158-89
ASTM
hunh, mgk/kg max D-2784-89
2.3. Cc ng dng quan trng ca LPG trong cc lnh vc khc nhau

Thnh phn ch yu ca LPG l propan v butan, c sn xut bng cch nn kh
ng hnh hoc kh t cc qu trnh ch bin du m cc nh my lc du. Vic ng
dng LPG thng phm thng phn chia thnh 4 loi chnh: [4]
Propan thng phm: lm nhin liu cho ng c hot ng nhng iu kin
khc nghit ca mi trng (p sut cao, nhit thp).
Butan thng phm: s dng lm nhin liu i hi s bay hi trung bnh.
18
Propan chuyn dng: l sn phm c cht lng cao s dng trong cc ng c t

trong, i hi nhin liu c kh nng chng kch n cao.
Hn hp propan - butan: s dng lm nhin liu i hi s bay hi trung bnh.
Hn hp propan - butan l thch hp cho vic ch bin thnh sn phm kh t gia
dng v chng c p sut hi bo ho v nhit bay hi thch hp trong cc iu kin
sinh hot c th.
LPG c nhit chy cao mc d t trng butan ln hn t trng propan nhng nhit
tr tng t nhau v nm trong khong 1130 1200 Kcal/kg, tng ng nhit tr ca
1,5 2kg than ci, 1,3 lt du mazut, 1,35 xng. [17]
Vi nhng c tnh nh trn LPG tr thnh sn phm c tnh nng a dng rt cao
v c chia theo cc lnh vc khc nhau s dng.
a) S dng lm nhin liu t trong sinh hot nh: un nu, si m. y l loi
nhin liu tng i sch, r tin, tin nghi, c dng ph bin trong gia nh cc nc
c nn cng nghip ch bin kh pht trin v kh hu lnh. Vi nc ta th vn m
rng th trng tiu th LPG l ht sc cn thit, gp phn rt ln vo vic bo v mi
trng sinh thi, trnh cht ph rng. [18]
b) Trong cng nghip: cc ngnh cng nghip s dng LPG lm nhin liu trong l
t, nung gm, thu tinh, snh s, hn ct kim loi, l hi nc trong cng nghip dt
nhum, ch bin, sy nng sn, thc phm... [23]
c) Trong nng nghip: cc c s sn xut nng nghip dng LPG lm nhin liu
trong sn xut thc n gia sc, ch bin, sy nng sn, thc phm. [23]
d) Trong giao thng vn ti: l nhin liu hp dn v lm gim ng k s thot kh
ca xe ti, lm nhin liu t trong thay xng cho cc xe du lch, xe taxi. mt s nc
tin tin dng LPG ho lng thay xng pha ch va hn ch c hi trong s dng i vi
con ngi, va kinh t. [23]
19
e) Trong cng nghip ho du: LPG c s dng trong tinh ch v cng nghip
ho du.
f) S dng cho nh my pht in: dng LPG chy cc tuocbin sn xut ra in
phc v cho cc ngnh cng nghip khc em li hiu qu kinh t cao v vn u t xy
dng ban u i vi cng ngh ny l thp hn so vi cng nghip thu in v nhit
in.
2.4. C s ha l ca qu trnh.
Phng php ch bin kh bng phng php chng ct thc hin qu trnh tch
cc cu t nh trc hiu qu hn so vi cc phng php hp th nhit thp, ngng
t nhit thp, v thit b ch to cng n gin hn nn ta xt ha l ca qu trnh ny.
2.4.1. Khi nim v qu trnh chng ct.
Chng ct l qu trnh dng nhit tch cc cu t ca mt hn hp lng, cng
nh hn hp kh thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t
trong hn hp cng mt nhit .
Khi chng thu c nhiu sn phm v thng c bao nhiu cu t ta s c
by nhiu sn phm.
i vi trng hp 2 cu t:
Sn phm nh gm cu t c bay hi ln v t cu t c bay
Sn phm y gm cu t c bay hi b v t cu t c bay hi
hi b.
ln.
Thay v a vo hn hp 1 pha mi to nn s tip xc gia 2 pha nh trong
qu trnh hp th hoc nh kh, trong qu trnh chng ct pha mi c to nn bng s
bc hi hoc ngng t.
Nguyn l ca qu trnh chng ct:
20
Chng ct l qu trnh tch 1 dung dch bng cch un si n, ri ngng t hi bay

ra c 2 phn: phn nh l distillat c nhit si thp, cha nhiu cht d si, cn
phn nng l cn chng ct (reduce).
Chng ct c hi lu: nng cao kh nng phn chia hn hp lng, ngi ta
tin hnh cho hi lu mt phn sn phm nh. Nh s tip xc thm mt ln gia pha
lng (hi lu) v pha hi trong thp c lm giu thm cu t nh nh m phn
chia cao hn.
Chng luyn:
L phng php ph bin nht dng tch hon ton hn hp cc cu t d bay
hi c tnh cht ha tan mt phn hoc ha tan hon ton vo nhau.
Chng luyn p sut thp dng cho cc hn hp d b phn hy nhit cao.
Chng luyn p sut cao dng cho cc hn hp khng ha lng p sut thng.
2.4.2. c im qu trnh chng luyn.
Thp chng luyn gm 2 on: [33]
on luyn: L phn trn, gm t a tip
liu tr ln nh.
on chng: L phn di, gm t a
tip liu tr xung di.
Thp chng luyn gm c nhiu a
Trn mi a xy ra qu trnh chuyn khi gia
pha lng v pha hi. Pha hi i t di ln qua
cc l ca a, xuyn qua pha lng i t trn
xung theo cc ng chy truyn.
V nhit trong thp cng ln cao cng
gim nn khi hi i qua cc a t di ln, cc cu t c nhit si cao s ngng t li
v cui cng trn nh thp, ta s thu c hn hp sn phm gm hu ht l cc cu t
21
nh (d bay hi). Hi ny s i vo thit b ngng t (condenser) (mt phn hoc hon

ton) nh thp hi lu. Lng ngng t c v li thp v ly ra lm sn phm nh.
Ngc li, pha lng i t trn xung gp hi c nhit cao hn, mt phn cu t
c nhit si thp s bc hi nng ca cu t nng (kh bay hi) trong pha lng
s cng tng v cui cng y thp, ta s thu c hn hp sn phm gm hu ht l
cc cu t nng, Mt phn sn phm y s i vo thit b ung si li (reboiler) y
thp to mt lng hi a vo t y thp, m bo trong thp lun lun c s tip
xc gia 2 pha lng v hi.
Qu trnh bc hi v ngng t lp li nhiu ln cc a. Pha hi i ln cng giu
cu t nh. Pha lng i xung cng giu cu t nng.
2.4.3. Qu trnh chuyn pha ca KH.
a) Qu trnh chuyn pha i vi kh mt cu t.
Qu trnh chuyn pha i vi h kh mt cu t ta c th biu din trn h trc ta
PVT. [1]
Cc min tn ti hai pha: BDHG lng v rn, FGIJ rn v hi, HCI lng v
hi.
Cc min ny vung gc vi trc nhit . Min ch c pha lng l min vch pha
bn tri min HCI v lin k min BDHG. Min ch c pha hi l sn dc pha bn phi
ca min HCI. Tt c cc min u ng ch , nhng c bit quan trng l min HCI.
Ngi ta c th biu din trn h 2 trc ta P T hoc P V.
22
Gin pha P-V-T ca h 1 cu t
Tt c cc min hai pha u vung g vi trc nhit nn s l cc ng cong

trong ta P V nh trn hnh 5.
23
ng HD, HC, FH l cc ng cn bng bao gm tp hp cc gi tr p sut,
nhit , ti c cn bng pha.
im H l im duy nht ti nhit v p sut xc nh ng thi tn ti 3 pha
nm cn bng vi nhau. Ti ng cn bng nhit v p sut khng i h c th

chuyn pha bng cch thm vo hoc ly bt nng lng ca h.
Dc theo ng FH khng tn ti pha lng, v pha rn thng hoa thnh hi.
ng HC l ng bo ha hoc cn bng gia hai pha lng v hi.
im C l im ti hn ng vi nhit ti hn TC v p sut ti hn PC. Ti
cc tnh cht ca pha lng v pha hi tr thnh ng nht.

i vi n cht, im ti hn c nh ngha: l im m pha trn n, pha lng
khng th tn ti nh mt pha c lp. Hay ni mt cch khc, pha trn im ti hn, kh
khng th ha lng bng cch nn p sut cao.
ng HC thng c gi l ng p sut hi hay ng cong im sng hay
ng cong im bt ca n cht.
*Xt qu trnh chuyn pha ng p h mt cu t trn hnh 6:
o
T m > n h trng thi rn
T o n b h trng thi lng, ti b h trng thi lng bo ha
Bt k s cung cp nng lng no cng lm cho lng ha thnh hi nhit v
p sut khng i.
o
Ti d h trng thi hi bo ha, tip tc tng nhit s nhn c hi qu
nhit.
b) Gin pha h nhiu cu t.
i vi h nhiu cu t, v tr ca cc ng cong trn gin pha ph thuc vo
thnh phn ca hn hp v cc ng bao pha to thnh khng phi l mt mt phng,
m c chiu dy nh hnh ci li vi thnh phn l bin s phn nh b dy ca ng
24
bao pha. Trn hnh 5 th hin gin pha h nhiu cu t vi trc tung l p sut v trc
honh l nhit .
Gin pha in hnh h nhiu cu t

im C l im ti hn, ti hai pha tr thnh mt pha
im M l im tng ng vi p sut ln nht m ti hn hp nhiu cu t tn
ti trng thi 2 pha.
im N l im tng ng vi p sut ln nht m ti hn hp nhiu cu t tn
ti trng thi 2 pha.
Bn tri ng cong im bt, h tn ti trng thi lng, khi bt u chm ng
cong im bt th h kh bt u xut hin bt kh. Khi sang ng cong im sng th
ton b hn hp kh tr thnh hi. T ng cong im bt n ng cong im sng
l min m tn ti cn bng hn hp kh hai pha lng v hi.
ng ABDE: biu din qu trnh ngng t ng nhit suy bin in hnh trong
cc m kh condensate. im A biu din pha lng cht nm bn ngoi ng bao
pha, khi gim p sut ti im B bt u qu trnh ngng t. Tip tc gim p sut
lng lng hnh thnh nhiu hn t im A n D nm trong min suy bin c
to bi cc im thay i dc ca cc ng pha.
25
Khi tip tc gim p sut ra khi min suy bin i t D ti E th lng lng gim
dn cho ti khi t im sng E. Pha di im E, h khng tn ti trng thi
lng , ch tn ti trng thi hi.
im ti hn C ca hn hp kh hydrocacbon lun lun pha bn tri im M v

v tr l rt quan trng v n nh hng n s thay i hng ca cc ng lng hi bn
trong ng bao pha. im ti hn C c th nm bn phi im N th hin trong hnh
.
nh hng ca thnh phn n
V tr qu tch gii ng bao pha ca h
bc hai metan propan
hn ca mt s h bc hai
Trn hnh l gin h bc hai metan propan cho thy thnh phn nh hng n
hnh dng, v tr ca ng bao pha th ng cong ngoi cng l cc ng p sut hi
ca metan propan bt u t im ti hn, ba ng bao pha cn li l ca 3 hn hp c
t l thnh phn metan, propan khc nhau c gi l qu tch ti hn.
Nh vy v tr ti hn trn mi ng bao pha thay i theo thnh phn ca hn
hp hydrocacbon.
26
Ngoi ra cc tp cht phi hydrocacbon nh: H2O , CO2, H2S, N2 cng c nhng
nh hng ng k n ng bao pha ca hn hp kh trong iu kin nhit cao v p
sut thp.
H2S, CO2 lm gim im p sut cc i tn ti lng hi ca hn hp kh
N2 lm tng im p sut cc tr, tn ti lng hi hn hp kh v gim kh nng
trn ln. [1]
c) Hng s cn bng pha Lng Hi.
Cn bng pha ca hn hp kh khng phi trng thi tnh m l cn bng ng, vn
lun tn ti s chuyn ng ca cc phn t t pha lng sang pha hi v ngc li, tc
bay v tc ngng t l bng nhau
i lng c trng cho s phn b ca cc cu t gia cc pha iu kin cn
bng l hng s cn bng pha K c xc nh bng phng trnh:
Ki = yi / xi
Trong :
yi l phn mol ca cu t i trong pha hi;

xi l phn mol ca cu t i trong pha lng. [1]
2.5. Cc thit b chnh c trong sn xut LPG

Nhn chung cc thit b trong qu trnh sn xut LPG rt a dng v phong ph.
Trong cng ngh sn xut LPG nh my kh Dinh C ta c cc thit b chnh sau:
2.5.1 Thit b nn kh
Trong s cng ngh nu trn c 3 my nn kh. Thit b ny thng dng l
my nn pittng hoc my nn ly tm.
My nn pittng: c s dng nhiu trong cng nghip vi quy m va v
nh.Do n cho php p sut vo v ra kh linh ng, t s nn cao v gi thnh
thp khi nng sut thp
My nn ly tm: c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip ha hc. N c u im
so vi my nn pittng l: nng sut ln, cu to n gin, chi ph bo dng thp.
[33]
27
2.5.2 Thit b phn tch lng hi

Thit b ny c nhim v phn tch lng hi sau khi ngng t nguyn liu vo.
Hot ng ca thit b da vo trng lc, cht lng c khi lng ring ln hn lng
xung y thit b, hi nh hn i ln trn. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh tch hi ra khi
lng, hi cun theo nhng git lng c kch thc nh to thnh sng m m khng th
tch bng trng lc. Trong qu trnh i ln, nhng ht ny kt hp li thnh nhng ht ln
v c th lng xung di tc dng ca trng lc.
Da v hnh dng v ch m ngi ta phn loi thit b dng ng v dng nm
ngang.
Cu to thit b gm 4 phn c bn sau: u A c tc dng gim tc dng chy

phn tch s b lng hi. Phn tch kh B c thit k dng trng lc tch cc git
lng b li cun theo. N l vng khng gian trng m kh di chuyn vi vn tc thp,
trong thit b nm ngang, cn lp thm cnh qut thng gim s ri lon v chiu di
ca thit b. Vng tch lng C c nhim v thu hi cc git lng ri xung, ng thi
cung cp thi gian lu ln tch hi. Phn tch sng D s dng cc tm li, h
thng cnh qut hoc xyclon. N c tc dng loi b nhng ht lng c kch thc nh,
28
c th n 3 micromet. la chon loi thit b khng c qui tc c th no. Thng

thng da vo ch tiu kinh t la chn. Cc ng dng v so snh c th hin di
y: [33]
Phm vi ng dng
Nm ngang
Thng ng
- Th tch hn hp vo ln.
- Lu lng dng vo nh.
- T l hi/lng khng qu
- T l hi/lng cao.
cao.
- Khng gian lp t b hn
ch.
u im
- ng knh nh hn khi
- Vic kim sot mc cht
cng lng kh so vi dng
lng khng qu quan trng.
thng ng.
- C khng gian thot
- B mt bay hi ln.
kh trn v lng di
- Dng kh khng cn tr
- Chim t din tch.
s thot nc ca phn
tch sng
Nhc im
- Ch c mt phn khng
- ng knh ln hn so
gian nh thot kh.
vi thit b nm ngang.
- Chim nhiu din tch.
- Kh khn trong lp cc
- iu khin mc cht
thit b kim tra, an ton.
lng c bit quan trng.
2.5.3 Thp tch

Thp tch thc cht l thp chng ct, sn phm nh thp l phn nh, y thp l
phn nng hn. p sut lm vic ca thp t 3 3,5 Mpa. p sut qu cao gy kh khn
v khng c li cho vic tch kh. iu kin p sut nhit nh thp t -30oC n
0oC, nhit y thp t 90-120oC.
C 2 loi thp chng ph bin l thp m v thp a. Thp a c nhiu dng
nh: a l, van, a chp. Thp m cng c nhiu loi: m ln xn v m cu trc.
29
m ln xn thng c dng cho cc loi thp nh, m cu trc thng c dng

cho cc loi thp c th tch ln hn.
-
Thp m
Cc m trong thp l cc vng bng gm. tng b tip xc pha trong vng
gm ngi ta lm cc tm chn, sp xp m trn a c hai loi l khc nhau. Cc l nh

(pha di) cht lng i qua v l ln (pha trn) cho hi i qua. Nhc im ca
loi thp ny l: tip xc gia pha lng v pha hi khng tt. Nhng khi dng thp c
ng knh nh hn 1m th hiu qu khng km g a chp v vy chng thng dng
chng luyn gin on vi cng sut khng ln.
Thp chp
30
Thp chp c cc a kim loi m trong c cu to nhiu l cho hi i qua.

Theo chu vi cc l ngi ta b tr pha trong cc ng c cao xc nh, nh c cc ng
ny m gi cho mc cht lng xc nh. Pha trn cc ng nhnh l cc chp, khong gia
ng v chp c khong khng gian cho hi ia qua, hi i t di ln trn v lng
chy t trn chy xung.
Thp a l
31
Lp cht lng mt c chiu cao khong 25-30mm. Gi trn cc a, hi qua cc

l sng hai v lm si bt qua lp cht lng, lp cht lng d theo ng chy chuyn 3
xung pha di. Loi a ny yu cu ch khng i, v rng khi gim hiu sut thit
b s lm gim s trao i gia dng hi v dng lng. Ngc li khi tng cng sut s
lm cho dng hi sc mnh vo trong lng ph v cn bng trong thp v lm gim s
phn chia trong thp.
Trc y, cc thp chng trong nh my ch bin kh thng s dng thp a,
tuy nhin gn y thp m cu trc li c dng ph bin hn. u im ca thp m
l gim p nh (17 - 50 mm H2O trn 1m m) v nng sut hn (trn 1m ng knh)
khi t l ng/hi cao. Ngoi ra, kch thc thp m cng nh hn nn chi ph ban u
thp. Nhc im ca thp m l d tc khi c ln bui bn v phn b lng khng u
khi ng knh thp ln. [33]
-
Thp a van
Nguyn l hot ng chung l cc van s ng m mt v tr ty thuc vo lu
lng dng hi i t di ln. Thp hot ng tng i n nh, hn ch hin tng

lng ko theo dng hi do tc qu ln hoc hin tng sc thp.
Loi a ny c u im:
C kh nng hot ng khong rng ch hot ng ca thp.
Lp cht lng pha trn n nh, hn ch hin tng ko theo lng ln a pha trn
lm nh hng n hiu qu qu trnh phn tch.
32
Nng lng dng hi i qua van c s dng mt cch hiu qu ci thin qu

trnh tip xc pha lng hi.
Tr lc cc b do cc van gy ra cho dng chy pha lng trn a khng qu ln,
v vy m chnh lch b mt cht lng gia cc phn ca a c gim ti thiu. Nh
c im ny m hiu qu lm vic ca cc vng trong a ng u. Vng cht rt t.
Kiu a ny c kt cu vng chc, nh v khng t.
Thit k vn hnh a ny n gin hn so vi cc loi a khc.
33
CHNG 2: CNG NGH SN XUT LPG

1. THU HI LPG T CC QU TRNH TRONG NH MY LC DU
LPG c to thnh t cc qu trnh x l v ch bin du th nh l mt sn
phm ph t cc thit b ho hc. Phn Propan, Butan cn li trong du th c n
nh ho b tch ra trong qu trnh tinh ch ct phn on du th. Cc thnh phn ca
LPG ny l propan, n-butan v isobutan. Ngoi ra LPG cn c sn xut t cc qu
trnh chuyn ho nh reforming xc tc, cracking nhit, cracking xc tc v
hydrocracking. Thnh phn ca LPG ny ph thuc vo cc qu trnh trn nhng c
trng l bao gm c nhng hp cht no (propan, n-butan, isobutan) v c nhng hp cht
khng no nh propen v buten. [1]
1.1. Phn xng chng ct du th
Hnh1.Qu trnh chng ct du th

Phn xng chng ct du th thc hin qu trnh chng, tch du th to ra
34
cc sn phm c gi tr nh Naphtha,kerosene, diesel v AGO. Ngoi ra ta cn thu c

lng sn phm nh trn nh thp chng c hm lng khong 2.3% khi lng nguyn
liu u, chng c th c s dng sn xut LPG. [25]
1.2. Phn xng Cracking xc tc
Hnh 2.Qu trnh Cracking xc tc

Phn xng chuyn ha kh du m c gi tr thp thnh sn phm c gi tr
cao(Naphtha v diesel).Ngoi ra ta cn thu c lng sn phm nh c hm lng
khong 16.5-22% khi lng nguyn liu u c em i sn xut LPG. [25]
35
1.3. Phn xng Reforming xc tc
Hnh 3.Qu trnh Reforming xc tc

Mc ch chnh ca qu trnh l chuyn i nhng nguyn liu c ch s octan thp
thnh sn phm c ch s octan cao pha trn vo xng v cung cp 1 lng
aromatics(Benzene, toluene v xylene) cho cc nh my ha du. Qu trnh reforming
cng sn xut ra hydro c tinh khit cao phc v cho qu trnh hydrotreating.Ngoi ra
n cn cung cp 1 lng sn phm nh(khong 5-8% th tch nguyn liu) sn xut
LPG. [25]
2. SN XUT LPG T KH T NHIN V KH NG HNH
36
LPG tch t kh t nhin v kh ng hnh c lng Propan, Butan khc nhau rt

nhiu, ph thuc vo bn cht ca m du kh v cng ngh x l kh. Mc nhn
Propan, Butan v cc hydrocacbon nng hn t kh ph thuc vo bn cht ca kh v
cng ngh x l kh. [1]
2.1. Chun b kh ch bin
2.1.1. Thu gom v phn li du v kh
2.1.1.1. Thu gom kh
Da trn tnh cht l ha ca hn hp kh la chn hng ch bin, cng ngh
ch bin kh cho ph hp vi nhu cu ca nn kinh t quc dn.
Trc khi a kh vo ch bin phi qua cng on chun b thc hin yu cu
chung i vi sn phm.
Qu trnh thu gom kh ch bin, do cc m du, ging du c c im khc
nhau cho nn ngi ta cng s chn cc cng ngh khc nhau cho ph hp. [2]
a. H thng thu gom kn

C s cng ngh ca h thng l s dng ti a nng lng ca ging khai thc
vn chuyn du v kh trong h thng kn. Sn lng mi ging c o trn thit b
nhm, mi nhm c 8 n 10 ging. Sn phm ca ging c p sut va cao th trc khi
vo thit b nhm, n c phn ly trong thit b phn ly ring p sut cao. Kh tch ra
theo ng ng ring n ni tiu th. Cn du th cng mt lng kh cn li c dn
theo ng ng n h thng thu gom chung. [2]
b. Thu gom p lc
Sn phm ca mi ging du vo thit b o nhm ri n thit b phn ly p lc
khu vc. Ti thc hin phn ly cp I du m cng vi kh ha tan vn chuyn n trm
kh thu gom trung tm nh p sut d ca n hoc bng bm. Ti trm thu gom trung tm
s tin hnh qu trnh phn ly cp II v cp III. Kh v du th s c chuyn n ni
ch bin ring. [2]
c. H thng thu gom c lp

H thng thu gom ny da trn nguyn tc phn ly sn phm mi ging hoc
37
mt nhm ging. Trn c s mi ging hoc nhm ging c trang thit b phn ly v
b cha xc nh sn lng ging. Cc thit b ny c t gn ging khoan. [2]
Kh v du m c phn ly 0,2 n 0,4 Mpa, cht lng c bm i, kh t
thit b phn ly thi ra c t chy trnh nhim hoc c dn n ni tiu th nu
c iu kin.
2.1.1.2. Phn ly du v kh
Phn ly du kh thu kh ng hnh l nguyn liu cho qu trnh ha du ng
thi trnh mt mt cc hydrocacbon nh trong qu trnh khai thc, vn chuyn nn cn
phi chn ch ti u trong phn ly.
Ty theo p sut phun ca ging du m ngi ta chn phn ly mt cp hay nhiu
cp. Khi tng p sut trong thit b phn ly th hm lng propan v butan, pentan v
hydrocacbon nng gim, khi kh ng hnh giu metan. Khi phn ly nhiu cp lng
hydrocacbon lng sau phn ly s tng 2 n 2,5% khi lng. Lng kh tch ra ph
thuc vo tc chuyn ng v thi gian lu ca du m trong thit b phn ly.
p dng nhng tin b khoa hc trong vic ci tin thit b phn ly nhm gim ti
a tiu hao nng lng sao cho nng lng dng du kh s dng ch yu vn chuyn
du v kh m khng s dng trm bm hoc my nn trung gian. [2]
2.1.2. Qu trnh lm sch kh
Khai thc v thu gom kh trong kh ng hnh ngoi thnh phn l cc
hydrocacbon cn ln cc tp cht c hc, th lng, cc phi hydrocacbon nh CO2, N2,
hp cht lu hunh, hi nc... s tn ti ca cc tp cht trong kh ng hnh s gy nh
hng xu ti tnh trng lm vic ca cc thit b trong qu trnh vn chuyn v khng an
ton trong s dng.
Do vy qu trnh lm sch kh l v cng quan trng v cn thit.
Qu trnh lm sch kh bao gm:
- Lm sch kh khi cc tp cht c hc
- Sy kh
38
- Lm ngt kh [2]
2.1.3. Qu trnh sy kh
Nu c lng nc trong kh ng hnh, kh t nhin n s to iu kin hnh
thnh cc hydrat vi hydrocacbon. Cc hydrat ny l tinh th mu trng ging nh tuyt
hoc nc . Chng s lm tc cc ng dn hay cc thit b, gy ph v iu kin lm
vic bnh thng i vi cc dy chuyn cng ngh khai thc, vn chuyn v ch bin
kh. Bn cnh s c mt ca hi nc v cc tp cht lu hunh, cc tp cht khc s nh
hng n s n mn kim loi lm gim tui th ca cc thit b, cng ngh ni chung.
Kh c sy kh vi mc ch tch hi nc v to cho kh c nhit im
sng theo nc thp hn so vi nhit cc im m ti kh c vn chuyn hay
ch bin.
Thng ngi ta hay s dng phng php sy kh trong cng ngh.
- Phng php hp th
- Phng php hp ph
- Phng php c ch
- Phng php gin n kh bng hiu ng tit lu. [2]
2.1.4. Qu trnh lm ngt kh
i vi kh ng hnh sau khi khai thc ln c thnh phn chnh l hydrocacbon t
C1 n C4, trong c cha mt lng kh tp, hm lng ca kh tp ph thuc vo
tng m du khc nhau s c hm lng khc nhau. Cc tp kh nh CS 2, H2S, RSH l
nhng tp cht d gy n mn kim loi, lm gim hiu qu ca cc qu trnh xc tc,
gim hiu qu ch bin, gy ng c cho con ngi.
Chnh v vy qu trnh lm ngt kh l cng on quan trng khng th thiu trong
qu trnh ch bin kh.
Hin nay ngi ta tm ra c nhiu cng ngh tin tin v c p dng vo
sn xut cho php tng kh nng thu hi H2S v CO2 mt cch ng k. Cc phng php
lm ngt kh c p dng l:
39
- Phng php hp th
- Phng php hp ph
- Qu trnh lm sch kh bng than hot tnh bng zeolit, dng nc lm dung mi
ra.
Trong phng php hp th c dng ph bin v c hiu qu kinh t cao. [2]
2.2. Cc cng ngh sn xut LPG
2.2.1. Sn xut LPG bng phng php nn
Hnh 4.S cng ngh sn xut LPG bng phng php nn kh

a. Thp ct phn on
d. Thit b gia nhit
b. Thit b tch lng kh e. Thp phn ly
f. Thp ct loi etan

g. Thp tch propan
c. My nn
Sn phm hi trn cao t thp ct phn on c nn n 1,2 n 1,5 Mpa nh
my nn v kt hp vi sn phm ngng t nh thp. Nhng dng c lm mt n
40oC bng khng kh hoc nc, sau c chuyn trc tip n thp phn ly.
Pha lng t thp phn ly i qua thp ct loi etan, sn phm hi t quay vng
40
li my phn ly tng vng quay LPG. Pha hi t my phn ly m thnh phn ch yu

l etan c dng lm kh nhin liu. Cn dng sn phm lng t ct ct etan l LPG
c chia lm 2 loi gm propan v butan trong thp tch propan. [1]
2.2.2. Sn xut LPG bng phng php lm lnh
S quay vng ca LPG t c s lm lnh bn ngoi hay s lm lnh t ng
hoc s lm lnh kt hp.
Phng php lm lnh c th thc hin c nh qu trnh gia tng th tch qua
van Joule - Thomson (J - T) hoc tuabin m ha hp vi s trao i nhit. trong phng
php ny p sut trong thit b cung cp trn my lm gim s trao i nhit. S lm lnh
t ng c th cho quay vng LPG > 90% v ca etan > 80%.
Hnh 5. S cng ngh sn xut LPG bng phng php lm lnh

a. Thit b gia nhit y
d. Thp tch metan
b. Thit b trao i nhit
e. Tucbin gin n
c. Thp phn ly
f. My nn
Nc, cacbondioxit, sunfua v mt thnh phn ca kh cung cp c lm lnh

nh qu trnh cung cp nhit lm si li n ct ct etan, phn cn li lm lnh nh s
41
TN vi sn phm kh t ct etan. Dng kh c cung cp kt hp vi nhau v i qua

my phn ly (c). T , cht lng c i qua h thng van lm gim p sut trong
vng trung gian ca ct ct etan. Trong qu trnh gin n, c mt phn cht lng bc hi
v nhit b h thp. p sut hi t my phn ly gim xung nh tucbin (e). S gin
n qua tucbin cng vi s trao i dng nhit c kh nng gim nhit n -90 C v
km theo s ngng t ca dng nhit. Hi to ra t nh ct ct etan phn ln l metan v
etan.
Vi phng php trn, ta thu c ch yu l hn hp etan, LPG v xng t nhin.
Nh cc qu trnh chng ct phn on m ta thu c cc sn phm theo yu cu. [1]
2.2.3. Sn xut LPG bng phng php hp ph
Trong qu trnh hp ph phn t kh c lin kt tr li vi b mt ca cht rn.
Cc cht hp ph thng c dng: silicagel, than hot tnh, oxit nhm.
Dng kh nhin liu i qua bnh ng cht hp th (a), hydrocacbon nng
c hp th. Dng kh khc c nn my nn (d) v i vo y ca ct ng cht hp
ph (b), ct ny c lm lnh. Dng kh t (b) c chuyn n l (e) v c lm nng
n 300oC ri chuyn trc tip vo ct (e) loi b cc hydrocacbon c hp ph.
Nhng hydrocacbon nng c trong khi ti sinh t bung (e) c quay tr li sau khi lm
lnh trong my phn ly (g). T y kh cn li vn to thnh dng t bung ban u (a).
Cht lng thu c t pha ti sinh gm: LPG, xng t nhin. T y thc hin qu trnh
chng ct phn on tip th ta thu c LPG v sn phm xng t nhin. [1]
42
Hnh 6. S cng ngh sn xut LPG bng phng php hp ph

a,b.Thp hp ph
c.Thp nh hp ph
e.L t
h.My lc
d.My nn
g.Thp phn ly
2.2.4. Sn xut LPG bng phng php hp th

Nguyn liu c a vo thp chng phn on, ti y phn nh(C2,C3,C4) i
ln nh thp, c nn n ngng t, qua thp tch etan. Phn LPG(C3,C4) c tch
y thp. Ti nh thp thu c Etan cn ln C3, C4 tip tc qua thp hp th, phn
C2+ c tch ra y thp v tun hon tr li thp chng phn on. T nh thp
hp th nhn c sn phm etan. [1]
43
Hnh 7.S cng ngh sn xut LPG bng phng php hp th

2.3. Mt s cng ngh sn xut LPG in hnh
2.3.1. Cng ngh sn xut LPG ca nh my x l kh Dinh C (hnh 8)
Ch vn hnh GPP l ch vn hnh ti u nht ca nh my x l kh Dinh
C. Cng ngh ny c kh nng tch v thu hi C3,C4 rt cao(h s tch t 98%). Ch
GPP s dng cng ngh lm lnh Turbo Expander l mt qu trnh lm lnh c hiu qu
nht v kh nng lm lnh, c th t ng ha hon ton v t ng iu chnh khi thnh
phn hn hp kh nguyn liu vo thay i.
Kh nguyn liu i vo vi nng sut 6 triu m2/ngy (p = 75 bar, t=280C) qua thp
tch hai pha SC-01/02; phn nng i vo thp tch ba pha V-03, phn nh hn mt phn
i vo thp tch V-01 nng sut 1 triu m3/ngy (p = 54 bar), mt phn a sang my nn
kh K1015/A/B/C/D ti p = 109 bar qua lm lnh E- 1015/A/B/C/D i vo thp tch V08.
Ti thp V-01, phn nh i ra l kh kh, phn nng hn c a sang thp tch
ba pha V-03.
44
Ti thp V-08, phn nng a vo thp tch ba pha V-03, phn nh c a sang
thp hp ph sy kh V-06 A/B; mt phn c a vo tuboexpander, mt phn qua thit
b lm lnh E-14 ri a vo thp tch kh metan v etan C- 05 (p = 39 bar, tnh = - 430C,
ty = - 200C). Sn phm nh thp C-05 l C1, C2 c a sang thit b lm lnh nn ti
p = 109 bar l kh kh em s dng.
Ti thp tch ba pha V-03 (p = 48 bar) ty thuc cc pha c tch ra m c a
sang thp tch etan C-01 ti nh hoc gia thp. Sn phm nh thp C-01 c a qua
cc my nn K-01/02/03 ti p = 109 bar quay tr li ha cng dng vo thp tch V-08.
Sn phm y thp C-01 c a sang thp tch bupro C-02 (p = 11 bar, tnh = 1540C).
Ti thp C-02, sn phm y thp qua cc thit b trao i nhit E-04, E-09 i ra
l condensat. Sn phm trn nh thp c a sang thp tch C3/C4 C-03 (p = 16 bar,
tnh = 460C, ty = 970C). Sn phm i ra nh thp l propan, sn phm y thp l
Butan.
45
46
2.3.2.Cng ngh sn xut LPG ca sam sung - Hn Quc

S cng ngh sn xut LPG t kh ng hnh ca Samsung (Hnh 9)gm 3 cng
on chnh:
-
Chun b kh nguyn liu.
Ch bin kh.
Pha trn
a. Chun b kh nguyn liu.

Kh ng hnh c thu cng vi qu trnh khai thc du th sau khi c thu gom
v nn p ti gin nn trung tm (t ngoi bin) c vn chuyn v x nghip ch bin.
thu c sn phm LPG tt nht th trc ht kh ng hnh phi qua hng lot qu
trnh x l kh c bn.
u tin kh c a vo thp lng L - K 14,15. Ti y tp cht c trong kh nh
nc, ct, bi s c tch ra. Kh tip tc qua h thng nn, gia nhit ban u to
nhit v p sut cn thit, thng nhit - 30 oC -10oC, P = 2 Mpa trc khi vo thp
tch kh tip theo 18,19. loi sch hon ton nc c trong kh nguyn liu th trong
cng ngh ta s dng phng php hp th hay hp ph. Vi phng php th dung mi l
etylen glycol, cn phng php hp ph th cht hp ph th cht hp ph l: silicagel,
Al2O3, Zeolit, CaCl2. Qu trnh sy kh c thc hin trong thp 21 v 22. Kh nguyn
liu tip tc a sang thp 23 loi ht cc tp cht c hc mt cch trit c trong
thnh phn kh. H thng lm sch ny thng s dng dng xyclon hay lc in ty theo
cht lng ngun kh v yu cu.
Sau khi kh c loi ht cc tp cht c hc v nc, tip tc vo thit b 10,
11, 12 lm ngt kh khi cc phi hydrocacbon nh CO2, H2S, NOx, CS2. Trong h thng
lm ngt kh dng cc loi dung mi nh etanolamin.
Ban u dung mi etanolamin c gia nhit n nhit cn thit trong thp 1 v
c h thng bm vn chuyn trc tip vo thp tip xc kh loi b cc kh axit. Kh
sch ra khi nh thp tip tc qua thp lm sch 10 v chun b cho qu trnh ch bin
47
tip theo, cn dung mi qua h thng phn lng 5,7 c ra nhit trc khi ra thp kh
hp th 2.
b. Ch bin kh.
Sau khi c kh nguyn liu t c yu cu t ra tip tc qua cc qu trnh
tch cc thnh phn kh c cc cu t ring bit. Kh sch sau khi qua thit b phn
ly 19 c a vo h thng bay hi lm lnh 28, 29, 25, 26 ra nhit u cho kh. Sau
khi condensat c tch ra khi y 2 thp 29, 30 chng li c ra nhit n nhit
thch hp v i vo thp tch propan 34. Phn bay hi ra khi nh thp c qua b phn
n nh 31 ti thp tch propan 34 di ch lm vic: nhit , p sut v cht hp th
thch hp th cc cu t nh hn C3 v C3 c tch ra v i ra nh thp vo b phn
cha sn phm nh 33. Ti y ta s thu c C3 v phn kh ca cc cu t C3 c tch
ra thit b 33 s c em i trn vi C4 trong thp 41 nhn c LPG cn kh kh s
c em i phc v cho cc ngnh cng nghp khc. Phn lng i ra t y thp tch 34
s tip tc sang thp tch butan 38, ti y butan s c tch ra nh thp. Sau khi qua
b phn cha sn phm nh 39 chng s c ha trn vi propan t thp tch 34 trong
41 nhn LPG. Naphta ra khi y thp c em i phc v cho cc ngnh cng
nghip khc.
c. Pha trn thnh phn LPG.
Sau khi thu c butan v propan nh sn xut s em ha trn nhn LPG. Ty
thuc vo mc ch s dng, thnh phn cu t propan/butan cng nh kh nng tn cha.
Vic np nn LPG m ngi ta sn xut ra loi bnh chu p lc khc nhau.
48
49
2.4. La chn dy chuyn cng ngh

Vi ngun nguyn liu l kh ng hnh nn ta s so snh gia qu trnh sn xut
LPG ca Dinh C v ca Sam Sung-Hn Quc.
- Qu trnh sn xut LPG ca Sam Sung-Hn Quc c y qu trnh t chun b
nguyn liu n ch bin kh hin i tuy vy tn nhiu nng lng vn u t s rt ln
v qu trnh chun b nguyn liu l khng qu cn thit khi hm lng CO 2, H2S nh
(<0.06%).
- Ch vn hnh GPP l ch vn hnh ti u nht ca nh my x l kh Dinh
C. Cng ngh ny c kh nng tch v thu hi C3,C4 rt cao(h s tch t 98%). Ch
GPP s dng cng ngh lm lnh Turbo Expander l mt qu trnh lm lnh c hiu qu
nht v kh nng lm lnh, c th t ng ha hon ton v t ng iu chnh khi thnh
phn hn hp kh nguyn liu vo thay i.
T nhng so snh trn ta s chn dy chuyn cng ngh ch bin LPG ca nh
my ch bin kh Dinh C v n ph hp vi ngun nguyn liu u vo, nng sut cao v
chi ph u t khng qu ln.
2.5. Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh
Kh ng hnh t m Bch H vi lu lng 6 triu m3 kh/ngy i vo h thng
Slug Catcher tch Condensat v nc trong iu kin p sut 65 80 bar nhit 25
n 300C tu theo nhit mi trng. Tip theo hn hp kh c chia thnh hai
dng: Dng th nht khong 1 triu m3/ngy c a qua van gim p VLV-101 gim
p sut t 65-80 bar n p sut 54 bar v i vo thit b tch lng V-101. Lng c tch
ra ti y bnh V-101 c a vo thit b V-03 ch bin su. Kh i ra t bnh tch
V-101 c a vo h thng ng ng dn kh thng phm cung cp cho cc nh my
in.
Dng kh chnh khong 5 triu m3 kh/ngy c a vo trm nn kh u vo K102 nn dng kh t 65-80 bar ln 109 bar sau qua thit b lm ngui bng khng
50
kh E-103 lm ngui dng kh ra khi my nn n nhit khong 400C. Dng kh

ny i vo thit b tch lc V-08 tch lng lng cn li trong kh v lc bi bn. Sau
c a vo thit b hp th V-06 tch trit nc nhm trnh hin tng to
thnh hydrate trong qu trnh lm lnh su.
Dng kh ra khi thit b V-06 c tch thnh hai dng:
Khong mt phn ba dng kh ban u qua thit b trao i nhit E-14 h nhit
t 26,5oC xung - 35o C vi tc nhn lnh l dng kh kh n t nh thp C-05 vi
nhit l - 45oC. Tip theo dng kh nng ra khi E-14 c lm lnh su bng cch
gim p qua van VLV-100. Ap sut gim t 109 bar xung 33 bar (bng p sut lm vic
ca nh thp C-05) ko theo nhit gim xung -650C v c a vo a trn cng
ca thp tinh ct C-05, ng vai tr nh dng hi lu ngoi nh thp.
Hai phn ba dng kh cn li c a vo thit b CC-01 thc hin vic gim
p t 109 bar xung 33 bar v nhit gim xung -23oC.
Dng kh lnh ny sau tip tc a vo y ca thp tinh ct C-05. Thp tinh
ct C-05 hot ng p sut 33 bar, nhit nh thp v y thp tng ng l -45oC
v -25oC, ti y kh (ch yu l metan v etan) c tch ra ti nh thp C-05. Thnh
phn lng ch yu l Propan v cc cu t nng hn c tch ta ti y thp.
Hn hp kh ra t nh ca thp tinh ct c nhit -45oC c s dng lm tc
nhn lnh cho thit b trao i nhit E-14 v sau c nn ti p sut 54 bar trong phn
nn ca thit b CC-01. Hn hp kh i ra t thit b ny l kh thng phm c a
vo h thng ng ng n cc nh my in.
Hn hp lng i ra t y thp tinh ct c a vo nh thp C-01 nh dng hi
lu ngoi.
51
Thp C-01, hot ng p sut 29 bar v nhit y thp l 1090C. Ti thp C01, cc hydrocacbon nh nh metan, etan c tch ra t hn hp ri i ln nh thp vo
bnh tch V-12 tch lng c trong kh, sau c my nn K-01 nn t p sut 27,5
bar ln p sut 47,5 bar. Kh sau c nn n 75 bar nh my nn K-02 ri a vo
thit b trao i nhit E-2 bng vic s dng dng tc nhn lnh l khng kh. Dng kh t
E-2 c a vo my nn K-03 nn ti p sut 109 bar ri lm lnh trong thit b trao
i nhit E-4, dng kh ny sau c a ti thit b V-08 nh l nguyn liu u vo.
Thp tch etan C-01 l thit b tch dng thp loi a van, hot ng nh mt thit
b chng ct.
Dng lng i ra t y ca thp C-01 tip tc c ti thp C-02.
Ti thp C-02 vi p sut hot ng l 11 bar, nhit y thp c duy tr
1350C nh Reboiler, nhit nh thp 560C, bupro c tch ra nh thp, cn
Condensat c tch ra y thp. Bupro t nh thp C-02 c a vo thit b lm
lnh E-02, sau c a vo bnh tch V-02. Dng lng t bnh tch V-02 c bm
P-01A/B bm hi lu 1 phn ti nh thp v phn cn li bupro c a sang thp phn
tch C-03. Phn lng ti y thp C-02 l Condensat c h nhit xung 600C nh
thit b trao i nhit E-101 v xung 450C nh thit b E-5 v sau c a ti bn
cha Condensat .
Condensat (sau khi tch nc ti Slug Catcher) c tch ra trong Slug Catcher
c a vo thit b V-03 hot ng p sut 48 bar v nhit 200C tch cc cu t
kh nh b hp th trong hn hp lng ny bng cch gin n v gim p. T thit b
V-03, Condensat c dn ti thit b trao i nhit E-101 ( tn dng nhit nng t y
Reboiller E-03) sau i vo a th 20 ca thp C-01.
Thp C-03 vi p sut hot ng l 16 bar, nhit y thp c duy tr 97oC,
nhit nh thp l 48oC.Propane c tch nh thp cn Butane c tch di
52
y thp. Propane c a vo b cha. Butane trc khi vo b cha c a i trao

i nhit( thit b trao i nhit E-100) vi dng u vo thp C-03 tn dng nhit.
PHN 2: TNH TON CNG NGH
1. CC THNG S C TRNG CA HN HP KH NGUYN LIU
Nng sut nguyn liu: 6 triu m3 kh/ ngy.
S gi lm vic trong mi nm ca h thng: 8000h/nm
Trong c 335 ngy lm vic v 30 ngy sa cha v bo dng
Nguyn liu l kh ng hnh t m Bch H c thnh phn nh sau:
Bng 13: Thnh phn kh nguyn liu
Tn cht
Phn mol(%)
Lu lng(Kg/h)
Methane
0,7085
120180,4368
Ethane
0,1341
42635,5445
Propane
0,0750
34968,8503
i-Butane
0,0165
10140,2926
n-Butane
0,0237
14565,1475
i-Pentan
0,0068
5187,5502
n-Pentan
0,0073
5568,9877
n-hexan
0,0051
4647,0477
C7+
0,0073
8126,4654
CO2
0,0006
279,1969
H2 S
0,0000
0,0000
N2
0,0021
621,9994
H2 O
0,0130
2476,2305
Tng
249400
53
54
2. M PHNG DY CHUYN CNG NGH BNG PHN MM HYSYS
Hnh 10.S PFD m phng dy chuyn sn xut LPG
55
Qu trnh m phng gm nhng giai on sau

Chn h nhit ng Peng Robinson v nhp cc cu t C1,C2, C3,i-C4,n-C4,i-C5,
n-C5,C6,C7+(Nhit si trung bnh 110oC),CO2,H2S,N2,H2O.
M phng SlugCatcher v h thng phn ring kh, lng
M phng cng on dehydrat:S dng Component Splitter m phng thp hp
ph V-06
Lm lnh:
-Tuocbin gin n kh
-Van Jun-Thompson
H thng chng tch cc sn phm chnh ca nh my
-Kh kh Sale Gas
-Propane
-Butane
-Condensat
Di y l cc thit b v thng s ca chng c s dng trong qu trnh m
phng dy chuyn sn xut LPG
2.1. M phng Slugcatcher v h thng phn ring kh lng
C s m phng:
Component
Hypothetical Comp
Normal Boiling Pt, oC
Fluid Pkgs
Thit lp dng kh nguyn liu:
Name
Temperature, oC
Pressure, bar
C1, C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, n-C6,

C7+
C7+
110
Peng- Robinson
Gas
28
75
56
Molar flow, m3/ day

Composition
Composition:
6,000e+006
Component
C1
Mole Fraction
0,7085
Component
n-C5
Mole Fraction
0,0073
C2
0,1341
n-C6
0,0051
C3
0,0750
C7+
0,0073
i-C4
0,0165
CO2
0,0006
n-C4
0,0237
H2 S
0,0000
i-C5
0,0068
N2
0,0021
H2 O
0,0130
2.1.1. Thit b SlugCatcher

Bng 14:Thng s thit b Slug Catcher
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra nh
Dng ra y
Slug Catcher
Gas
Vap
Lip
2.1.2. Thit b chia dng Tee-102

Bng 15:Thng s thit b TEE-102
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
Tee-102
Vap
To VLV-101
Lu lng: 1.106m3/ngy
To K-102
2.1.3. Van gim p VLV-101

Bng 16:Thng s thit b VLV-101
Thit b
VLV-101
57
Dng vo
Dng ra
To VLV-101
Out VLV-101: P=54 bar
2.1.4. Thit b phn tch thu hi lng V-101

Bng 17:Thng s thit b V-101
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
V-101
Out VLV-101
Sale gas 1
To V-03
2.1.5. My nn K-102
Bng 18:Thng s thit b K-102
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
Dng nng lng
K-102
To K-102
Out K-102 : P=109 bar
E1
2.1.6. Thit b lm lnh E-103

Bng 19:Thng s thit b E-103
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
Dng nng lng
E-103
Out K-102
To V-08: T= 40oC
E2
2.1.7. Thit b tch tch lc V-08

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
V-08
To V-08 RCY
To V-08
V-08 Liq
To V-06
58

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
V-102
Liq
V-03 Inlet
P=48bar
2.1.9. Thit b tch 3 pha V-03

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
V-03
V-03 inlet
To V-03
V-08 Liq
V-03 Liq
V-03 Vap
H2O(V-03)
59
2.2. M phng cng on dehydrat(Thit b Component Splitter V-06)

Bng 23:Thng s thit b V-06(1)
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
V-06
To V-06
To Tee-100
H2O Bot
E3
Dng nng lng

Tn dng
T l hi
p sut, bar
To Tee-100
1,0
109
H2 O
0,0
109
Thnh phn tch(sn phm nh/y)

Tn cht Too Tee-100 H2O
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
n-hexan
C7+
CO2
H2 S
N2
H2 O
2.3. M phng cng on lm lnh
60
2.3.1. Thit b chia dng Tee-100

Bng 26:Thng s thit b Tee-100
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
Tee-100
To Tee-10
Gas1
Gas2
Gas1: 0.33
Thng s
2.3.2. Thit b gin n kh expander K-100

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
Dng nng lng
CC-01
Gas2
C-05Feed(2): P=37 bar
E4
2.3.3. Thit b trao i nhit E-100

Thit b
Dng vo i trong ng
Dng ra ca dng i trong ng
Dng vo i ngoi ng
Dng ra ca dng i ngoi ng
DeltaP, kPa
E-100
Gas1
To VLV-100
T= -35oC
C-05Vap
To K-100
0,00

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
VLV-100
To VLV-100
To C-05
P=37bar
2.4. H thng chng tch cc sn phm chnh cu nh my

2.4.1. Thp hp th C-05
61
Bng 30:Thng s thit b C-05

Thit b
Dng vo
C-05
Trn nh: To C-05
Di y: C-05Feed(2)
Sn phm nh: C-05 Vap
Sn phm y: C-05 Bot
N=30 a
Pnh= 37 bar
Py= 37bar
Dng ra
S a
p sut
Add spec C-05

Name
Stage
Flow basis
Phase
Spec Value
Component
Comp Fraction
1_TS-1
Mole Fraction
Vapour
0,900
Methane
2.4.2. My nn K-101
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
Dng nng lng
K-100
To K-100
Sale Gas 2
E4
2.4.3. Thit b trn dng Mix-100

Bng 32:Thng s thit b Mix-100
Thit b
Dng vo
Mix-100
C-05 Bot
V-03 Vap
To VLV-103
Dng ra

62
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
VLV-103
To VLV-103
To C-01
P=28bar

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
VLV-103
V-03Liq
To E-101
P=28bar

Thit b
Dng vo i trong ng
Dng vo i ngoi ng
E-101
C-02Bot
To E-102
To E-101
C-01Mid
T= 55oC
2.4.7. Thp chng tch Etan C-01

Bng 36:Thng s thit b C-01(1)
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
S a
p sut
C-01
Trn nh: To C-01
Thn: C-01 Mid,a th 20
Sn phm nh:C-01Vap
Sn phm y: C-01Bot
N=32 a
Pnh= 28 bar
Py= 28 bar
Thm thng s cho thp

Thng s
a
Gi tr
Nhit
Reboiler
109oC
63
2.4.8. Thit lp qu trnh tun hon sn phm nh thp C-01

2.4.8.1. My nn K-01 v K-02
Bng 38:Thng s thit b K-01 v K-02
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
Dng nng lng
K-01
C-01Vap
To K-02: P=45 bar
E7
K-02
To K-02
To E-19: P=75bar
E8
2.4.8.2. Thit b lm lnh E-19

Bng 39: Thng s thit b E-2
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
E-19
To E-19
To K-03
P= 75bar
E9
Dng nng lng

2.4.8.3. My nn K-03

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
Dng nng lng
K-03
To K-03
To E-20: P=109 bar
E10
2.4.8.4. Thit b lm lnh E-20

Bng 41: Thng s thit b E-20
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
Dng nng lng
E-20
To E-20
To R
T=25,6oC
E11
2.4.8.5. Thit b Recycle RCY-1
64
Bng 42: Thng s thit b RCY-1

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
RCY-1
To R
To Tee-101
2.4.8.6. Thit b tch dng Tee-101

Bng 43: Thng s thit b Tee-101
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
Thng s chia dng
2.4.9.Van gim p VLV-105
Tee-101
To Tee-101
To V-08 RCY
Fuel Gas
0,6Fuel Gas

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
VLV-105
C-01Bot
To C-02
P=10bar
2.4.10.Thp tch Condensat C-02

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
S a
p sut
Dng nng lng cp cho Reboiler
Dng nng lng cp cho Condenser
Ch s hi lu
C-02
To C-02
a np liu:11
Sn phm nh:Bupro
Sn phm y: C-02Bot
N=30 a
Pnh= 10 bar
Py= 10 bar
E13
E12
0.6
Thm thng s cho thp

65
Thng s
a
Cu t
Thnh phn
Thnh phn
1
Propane
0,56
2.4.11.Thit b lm lnh E-5

Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
E-102
To E-102
Condensat
T= 28oC
2.4.12.Bm P-100
Bng 48:Thng s thit b P-100
Thit b
Dng vo
Dng ra
P-100
Bupro
To E-104
P=16bar
E14
Dng nng lng


Thit b
Dng vo i trong ng
Dng vo i ngoi ng
E-104
To E-104
To C-03
T=50oC
P=16 bar
C-03Bot
Butan
2.4.14.Thp tch C3/C4 C-03

Thit b
Dng vo
C-03
To C-03
66
Dng ra
S a
p sut
Dng nng lng cp cho Reboiler
Dng nng lng cp cho Condenser
Ch s hi lu
a np liu:20
Sn phm nh:Propane
Sn phm y: C-03Bot
N=46 a
Pnh= 16 bar
Py= 16 bar
E17
E16
1.6
Thm thng s cho thp

Thng s
a
Cu t
Thnh phn
Nhit
Reboiler
Thnh phn
Condenser
Propane
0,93
97oC
67
3. TNH TON CN BNG VT CHT V CN BNG NHIT LNG TNG

THIT B
S dng cng c Property Balance Utility trong Hysys tnh ton cn bng vt
cht v cn bng nhit lng ca qu trnh.
3.1. Thit b Slug Catcher
3.1.1.Cn bng vt liu
Gng/liu = Gs/py + Gs/pnh
Trong : Gng/liu l lu lng khi lng ca dng nguyn liu. [kg/h]
Gs/py l lu lng khi lng ca dng sn phm y. [kg/h]
Gs/pnh l lu lng khi lng ca dng sn phm nh. [kg/h]
Bng 52: Cn bng vt liu ca thit b SlugCatcher

Cht
Lu lng vo
Kmol/h
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2 S
N2
H2 O
7491,19
1417,88
792,998
174,46
250,59
71,9
77,19
77,19
53,92
6,34
0,00
22,2
137,45
Kg/h
120180,43
42635,54
34968,85
10140,29
14565,14
5187,55
5568,98
4647,05
8126,46
279,19
0,00
621,99
2476,23
Lu lng ra
Sn phm nh
Sn phm y
Kg/h
Kmol/h
Kg/h
Kmol/h
115448,47
38156,45
27918,24
7080,09
9472,84
2707,98
2658,63
1300,63
1469,85
260,82
0,00
610,00
116,55
7196,23
1268,92
633,11
121,81
162,98
37,532
36,85
12,35
17,06
5,93
0,00
21,776
6,47
4731,96
4479,09
7050,60
3060,19
5092,30
2479,57
2910,35
6825,83
3177,19
18,38
0,00
11,99
2359,67
294,96
148,96
159,89
52,65
87,61
34,37
40,34
64,83
36,87
0,42
0,00
0,43
130,98
68
207200,57
Tng
10573,31
9521,02
42197,18
249397,75
10573,31 Kmol/h
249397,75 kg/h
3.1.2.Cn bng nhit lng

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit:
Qng/liu = Qs/pnh + Qs/py
Trong Q= G.C.t [kj/h] [34]
Vi t: nhit dng [oC]
G: lu lng khi lng ca dng [kg/h]
C: nhit dung ring trung bnh ca hn hp [kj/kmol.C]
Bng 53: Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b SlugCatcher
Nhit lng mang vo Q(kj/h)
Nhit lng mang ra Q(kj/h)
Nguyn liu
Sn phm nh Sn phm y
Tng
1052,29
-9,427x108
-7,927x108
-1,5x108
-9,427x108
3.2.Thit b phn tch thu hi lng V-101

3.2.1.Cn bng vt liu
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu:
Gvo = Gs/py + Gs/pnh
Trong :
Gvo l lu lng khi lng ca dng vo V-101. [kg/h]
Gs/py l lu lng khi lng ca dng sn phm y. [kg/h]
69
Gs/pnh l lu lng khi lng ca dng sn phm nh. [kg/h]
Bng 54: Cn bng vt liu ca thp V-101

Cht
Lu lng vo
Lu lng ra (Kg/h)
Lu lng ra
(Kmol/h)
Kg/h
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2S
N2
H2 O
Tng
21368,03
7062,27
5167,30
1310,43
1753,30
501,21
492,07
240,72
272,05
48,27
0,00
112,90
21,57
38350,17
Kmol/h
Sn phm
Sn phm
1331,93
134,86
117,18
22,55
30,16
6,95
6,82
2,29
3,16
1,10
0,00
4,03
1,20
1762,22
nh
21229,39
6896,06
4862,53
1166,92
1510,38
381,57
353,55
64,15
141,74
47,67
0,00
112,60
14,92
36781,53
y
138,64
166,20
304,77
143,51
242,91
119,63
138,52
176,57
130,30
0,601
0,00
0,29
6,64
1568,64
38350,17

Qvo = Qs/pnh + Qs/py
Trong Q= G.C.t [kj/h] [34]
Vi t: nhit dng [oC]
70
Sn phm Sn phm
nh
1323,29
229,33
110,27
20,08
25,99
5,29
4,90
0,61
1,64
1,08
0,00
4,02
0,83
1727,33
y
8,64
5,53
6,91
2,47
4,18
1,66
1,92
1,68
1,51
0,01
0,00
0,01
0,37
34,89
1762,22
G: lu lng khi lng ca dng [kg/h]

C: nhit dung ring trung bnh ca hn hp [kj/kmol.C]
Bng 55 : Cn bng nhit lng ca thp V-101

Nhit lng mang vo Q(kj/h)
Nhit lng mang ra Q(kj/h)
Nguyn liu
Sn phm nh Sn phm y
-1,467x108
Tng
-1,422x108
-4,482x106
-1,46682x108
3.3.Thit b tch nhanh V-03

3.3.1.Cn bng vt cht
G1 + G 2 + G 3 = G 4 + G 5 + G 6
Trong :
G1 l lu lng khi lng ca dng V-03inlet [kg/h]
G2 l lu lng khi lng ca dng To V-03 [kg/h]
G3 l lu lng khi lng ca dng V-08Liq [kg/h]
G4 l lu lng khi lng ca dng H2O(V03) [kg/h]
G5 l lu lng khi lng ca dng V-03Liq [kg/h]
G6 l lu lng khi lng ca dng V-03Vap [kg/h]
Bng 56 : Cn bng vt liu ca thp V-03
Cht
Lu lng vo(Kg/h)
G1
Methane 4731,96
Ethane 4479,09
G2
138,63
166,20
Lu lng ra (Kg/h)
G3
G4
0,00 0,0000
0,00 0,0000
71
G5
2539,87
3753,01
G6
2330,73
892,28
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2 S
N2
H2 O
Tng
Cht
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2 S
N2
H2 O
Tng
7050,60
3060,19
5092,30
2479,57
2910,35
6825,83
3177,19
18,38
0,00
11,99
2359,67
42197,17
304,77
143,54
242,91
119,63
138,52
176,57
130,30
0,60
0, 00
0,29
6,64
1568,64
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0759
0,0000
0,0038
2358,59
2358,67
6758,18
3068,97
5163,41
2556,68
3009,09
6990,21
3289,53
12,94
0, 00
3,69
5,4
37151,08
597,19
134,72
171,81
42,52
39,78
12,20
17,95
5,96
0,00
8,59
2,27
4256,06
43765,81
43765,81
Lu lng vo(Kmol/h)
Lu lng ra (Kmol/h)
G1
294,96
148,95
159,89
52,65
87,61
34,37
40,34
64,83
36,87
0,42
0,00
0,43
130,98
1052,29
G2
8,64
5,53
6,91
2,47
4,18
1,66
1,92
1,68
1,51
0,014
0,00
0,01
0,37
34,89
G3
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
1087,18
G4
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0017
0,0000
0,0001
130,92
130,93
G5
158,32
124,81
153,26
52,80
88,83
35,44
41,71
66,39
38,17
0,29
0,00
0,13
0,30
760,45
G6
145,28
29,67
13,54
2,32
2,96
0,59
0,55
0,12
0,21
0,14
0,00
0,31
0,13
195,81
1087,18
72

Q1 + Q 2 + Q 3 = Q 4 + Q 5 + Q 6
Trong :
Q1 l nhit lng dng V-03inlet. [kj/h]
Q2 l nhit lng dng V-101Liq. [kj/h]
Q4 l nhit lng dng H2O(V03). [kj/h]
Q6 l nhit lng dng V03Vap. [kj/h]
Nhit lng mang vo(Kj/h)
Q1
Q2
Q3
Tng
-1,5x108
-4,482x106
Nhit lng mang ra (Kg/h)

Q4
Q5
Q6
-3,75x107 -1,008x108 -1,615x107
-1,54482x108
-1,5445x108
3.4.Thp tch nc V-06

3.4.1.Cn bng vt liu
G1 = G 2 + G 3
Trong :
G1 l lu lng khi lng ca dng To V-06. [kg/h]
73
G2 l lu lng khi lng ca dng To Tee-100. [kg/h]

G3 l lu lng khi lng ca dng V-06Liq. [kg/h]
Bng 58 : Cn bng vt liu ca thp V-06
Cht
Lu lng vo
Lu lng ra (Kg/h)
Lu lng ra
(Kmol/h)
Kg/h
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2S
N2
H2O
Tng
98847,88
37840,78
25239,36
6054,84
7997,99
2241,97
2193,03
1061,17
1203,02
235,58
0,00
506,73
98,07
183520,41
Kmol/h
6161,47
1258,43
572,36
104,17
137,60
31,073
30,40
10,079
13,96
5,35
0,00
18,089
5,44
8348,43
Sn phm
Sn phm
Sn phm
Sn phm
nh
nh
98847,88
37840,78
25239,36
6054,84
7997,99
2241,97
2193,030
1061,17
1203,02
235,58
0,00
506,73
0,00
183422,34
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
98,07
98,07
183520,41

Q1+ Q2= Q3+Q4
Trong :
74
6161,47
1258,43
572,36
104,17
137,60
31,073
30,40
10,079
13,96
5,35
0,00
18,089
0,00
8342,98
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
5,44
5,44
8348,43
Q1 l nhit lng dng To V-06. [kj/h]

Q2 l nhit lng dng E3. [kj/h]
Q3 l nhit lng dng To Tee-100. [kj/h]

Nhit lng mang vo Q(kj/h) Nhit lng mang ra Q(kj/h)
Tng
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
-7,004x108
-8,353x106
-7,073x108
-1,416x106
-7,08716x108
-7,08716x108
3.5.Thp tch Metan C-05

3.5.1.Cn bng vt cht
G1 + G 2 = G 3 + G 4
Trong :
G1 l lu lng khi lng ca dng To C-05. [kg/h]
G2 l lu lng khi lng ca dng To C-05(2). [kg/h]
G3 l lu lng khi lng ca dng C-05 Vap. [kg/h]
G4 l lu lng khi lng ca dng C-05 Bot. [kg/h]
Bng 60 : Cn bng vt liu ca thp C-05
Cht
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
Lu lng vo(Kg/h)
G1
32619,80
12487,46
8328,99
1998,10
G2
66228,08
25353,32
16910,37
4056,74
75
Lu lng ra (Kg/h)
G3
91804,70
24906,21
4012,2698
339,08
G4
7043,18
12934,57
21227,09
5715,76
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2 S
N2
H2 O
Tng
2639,34
739,85
723,70
350,19
396,99
77,74
0,00
167,22
0,00
60529,37
5358,65
1502,12
1469,33
710,98
806,02
157,84
0,00
339,51
0,00
122892,97
183422,34
Cht
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2 S
N2
H2 O
Tng
297,76
31,57
21,58
0,64
3,35
196,92
0,00
494,95
0,00
122109,02
7700,22
2210,41
2171,45
1060,52
1199,66
38.66
0,00
11,78
0,00
61313,32
183422,34
Lu lng vo(Kmol/h) Lu lng ra (Kmol/h)

G1
2033,29
415,28
188,88
34,38
45,41
10,25
10,031
3,33
4,61
1,77
0,00
5,97
0,00
2753,18
G2
4128,19
843,15
383,48
69,79
92,19
20,82
20,36
6,75
9,35
3,59
0,00
12,12
0,00
5589,80
8342,98
G3
5722,45
828,28
90,99
5,83
5,12
0,44
0,30
0,061
0,039
4,47
0,00
17,67
0,00
6675,60
G4
439,02
430,15
481,37
98,34
132,48
30,64
30,096
10,073
13,92
0,88
0,00
0,42
0,00
1667,39
8342,98

Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng:
76
Q1 + Q 2 = Q 3 + Q 4
Trong :
Q1 l nhit lng dng To C-05. [kj/h]
Q2 l nhit lng dng To C-05(2). [kj/h]
Q3 l nhit lng dng C-05 Vap. [kj/h]
Q4 l nhit lng dng C-05 Bot. [kj/h]
Bng 61: Cn bng nhit lng ca thp C-05

Nhit lng mang vo(Kj/h) Nhit lng mang ra (Kj/h)
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Tng
-2,497x108
-4,804x108
-5,386 x108
-7,301 x108
-1,915 x108
-7,287 x108
3.6.Thp tch Etan C-01

3.6.1.Cn bng vt liu
G1 + G 2 = G 3 + G 4
Trong :
G2 l lu lng khi lng ca dng To C-01 Mid. [kg/h]
G3 l lu lng khi lng ca dng C-01Vap. [kg/h]
G4 l lu lng khi lng ca dng C-01Bot. [kg/h]
77
Lu lng vo(Kg/h) Lu lng ra (Kg/h)
Cht
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2 S
N2
H2 O
Tng
G1
9373,92
13826,86
21824,29
5850,49
7872,04
2252,93
2211,24
1072,73
1217,62
44,63
0,00
20,38
2,27
65569,39
G2
2539,87
3753,011
6758,18
3068,97
5163,41
2556,68
3009,09
6990,21
3289,53
12,94
0,00
3,69
5,44
37151,07
G3
11913,79
16847,82
6217,11
712,82
696,02
87,99
66,18
3,17
13,04
57,57
0,00
24,07
7,72
36647,29
102720,46
Cht
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2 S
N2
H2 O
G4
0,00
732,05
22365,37
8206,65
12339,43
4721,62
5154,15
8059,76
4494,13
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
66073,17
102720,46
Lu lng vo(Kmol/h) Lu lng ra (Kmol/h)

G1
584,30
459,82
494,92
100,66
135,44
31,23
30,65
10,19
14,13
1,014
0,00
0,73
0,13
G2
158,32
124,81
153,26
52,80
88,83
35,44
41,71
66,39
38,17
0,29
0,00
0,13
0,30
78
G3
742,62
560,29
140,99
12,26
11,97
1,22
0,92
0,0302
0,15
1,31
0,00
0,86
0,43
G4
0,00
24,35
507,19
141,19
212,30
65,44
71,44
76,55
52,15
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,0001
Tng
1863,19
760,45
1473,049
2623,61
1150,60
2623,61

Q1 + Q 2 + Q 5 = Q 3 + Q 4
Trong :
Q2 l nhit lng dng To C-01 Mid. [kj/h]
Q3 l nhit lng dng C-01Vap. [kj/h]
Q4 l nhit lng dng C-01 Bot. [kj/h]
Bng 63 : Cn bng nhit lng ca thp C-01
Q1
Q2
Q5
Tng -2,077x108 -9,588x107 2,528 x107
-2,783x108
Nhit lng mang ra (Kj/h)

Q3
Q4
-1,254 x108
-1,529 x108
-2,783 x108
3.7.Thp tch Condensat C-02

3.7.1.Cn bng vt liu
G1 = G 2 + G 3
Trong :
79

G2 l lu lng khi lng ca dng Bupro. [kg/h]
Cht
Lu lng vo
Kg/h
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2S
N2
H2O
Tng
0,00
732,05
22365,37
8206,65
12339,43
4721,62
5154,15
8059,76
4494,13
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
66073,17
Lu lng ra (Kg/h)
Lu lng ra (Kmol/h)
Kmol/h
Sn phm
Sn phm
Sn phm
0,00
24,35
507,19
141,19
212,30
65,44
71,44
76,55
52,15
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
1150,60
nh
0,00
723,05
22365,37
8206,58
12334,83
1111,49
385,66
0,00
0,087
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
45136,07
y
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,066
4,61
3610,13
4768,49
8059,76
4494,04
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
20937,10
nh
0,00
24,35
507,19
141,19
212,22
15,41
5,35
0,00
0,001
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
905,69
66073,17

Q1 + Q 2 = Q 3 + Q 4 + Q 5
Trong :
80
Sn phm
y
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,0011
0,079
50,036
66,090
76,55
52,15
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
244,91
1150,60
Q3 l nhit lng dng Bupro. [kj/h]

Q4 l nhit lng dng C-02Bot. [kj/h]

Q1
Q2
Tng
-1,529x108
1,793x107

Q3
Q4
Q5
-1,184 x108 -4,177x107 2,527 x107
-1,35x108
-1,35 x108
3.8.Thp phn tch Bu-pro C-03

3.8.1.Cn bng vt liu
G1 = G 2 + G 3
Trong :
G2 l lu lng khi lng ca dng Propane. [kg/h]
Cht
Lu lng vo
Kg/h
Methane
Ethane
0,00
732,055
Kmol/h
0,00
24,35
Lu lng ra (Kg/h)
Sn phm
Sn phm
nh
0,00
732,055
y
0,00
0,00
81
Lu lng ra (Kmol/h)
Sn phm
nh
0,00
24,35
Sn phm
y
0,00
0,00
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentan
n-Pentan
C7+
n-hexan
CO2
H2S
N2
H2O
Tng
22365,37
8206,58
12334,83
1111,49
385,66
0,00
0,087
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
45136,08
507,19
141,19
212,22
15,41
5,35
0,00
0,0010
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
905,69
21919,46
719,70
39,65
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
23410,88
445,91
7486,88
12295,17
1111,49
385,66
0,00
0,087
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
21725,20
497,074
12,38
0,68
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
534,48
45136,08
10,11
128,81
211,53
15,41
5,35
0,00
0,001
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
371,21
905,69

Q1 + Q 2 = Q 3 + Q 4 + Q 5
Trong :
Q3 l nhit lng dng Propane. [kj/h]
Q4 l nhit lng dng C-03Bot. [kj/h]
Q1
Q2
Tng
-1,170x108
2,025x107

Q3
Q4
Q5
-6,272 x107 -5,175x107 1,770 x107
82
-9,675x107
-9,675x107
4. CN BNG CHUNG CA H THNG

4.1.Cn bng vt cht
Ta c phng trnh cn bng vt cht chung.
Gng/liu=GSaleGas + GPropane + GButane + GCondensat +G H20(V06) +GH20(V03)
Trong :
Gng/liu l lu lng khi lng ca dng nguyn liu vo. [kg/h]
GSaleGas l lu lng khi lng ca dng kh SaleGas ra.[kg/h]
GPropane l lu lng khi lng ca dng propane ra. [kg/h]
GButane l lu lng khi lng ca dng Butane ra. [kg/h]
GCondensat l lu lng khi lng ca dng Condensat ra. [kg/h]
G H20(V06) l lu lng khi lng ca dng nc tch ra khi thp V-06.[kg/h]
GH20(V03) l lu lng khi lng ca dng nc tch ra khi V-03.[kg/h]
83
Bng 30 : Cn bng vt liu chung ca c h thng

Lu
Lu lng ra (Kg/h)
lng
G
GSaleGas
vo(Kg/h)
ng/liu
GPropane
GButane
GCondensat
GH2O(V06) GH2O(V03)
Methane 120180,43 120185,26 0,00
0,00
0,00
0,0000
0,0000
Ethane
42635,54
41922,16
732,05
0,00
0,00
0,0000
0,0000
Propane
34968,85
12607,45
21919,46 445,91
0,00
0,0000
0,0000
i-Butane 10140,29
1933,76
719,71
7486,88
0,066
0,0000
0,0000
n-butane 14565,14
2225,82
39,65
12295,17 4,61
0,0000
0,0000
i-Pentan
5187,55
465,94
0,00
1111,49
3610,13
0,0000
0,0000
n-pentan 5568,98
414,85
0,00
385,66
4768,49
0,0000
0,0000
C7+
4647,05
66,70
0,00
0,00
8059,76
0,0000
0,0000
n-hexan
8126,46
152,92
0,00
0,087
4494,04
0,0000
0,0000
CO2
279,19
279,15
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,0000
0,0076
H2 S
0,0000
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,0
0,0000
0,0000
N2
621,99
622,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,0000
0,0000
H2 O
2476,23
19,56
0,00
0,00
0,00
98,071
2358,68
20937,099 98,071
2358,68
180895,58 23410,88 21725,2

Tng
249397,75
249397,7
84
4.2.Cn bng nhit lng

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit lng chung.
Qng/liu+Qph/tr=QSaleGas + QPropane + QButane + QCondensat + Q H20(V06) + QH20(V03) + Qmm
Trong : Qng/liu l nhit lng ca dng nguyn liu vo. [kj/h]
QSaleGas l nhit lng ca dng kh SaleGas ra.[kj/h]
QPropane l nhit lng ca dng propane ra. [kj/h]
QButane l nhit lng ca dng Butane ra. [kj/h]
QCondensat l nhit lng ca dng Condensat ra. [kj/h]
QH20(V06) l nhit lng ca dng nc tch ra khi thp V-06.[kj/h]
QH20(V03) l nhit lng ca dng nc tch ra khi V-03.[kj/h]
Qph/tr l tng nhit lng a vo v ra cc thit b ph tr nh bm, my nn,
condenser, reboiler.[kj/h]
Qmm l tng nhit lng mt mt chung ca h (trong mi trng m phng coi Qmm=0)
Bng 31 : Cn bng nhit lng chung ca c h thng
Nhit lng mang
vo(Kj/h)
Tng
Qng/liu
Qph/tr
QSaleGas QPropane
QButane
QConden QH2O(V06) QH2O(V03)
-9,427
3,3
-7,365
-6,272
-5,309
-4,818
sat
-1,416
-3,75
x108
x106
x108
x107
x107
x107
x106
x107
-9,394x108
-9,394x108
85
5. TNH TON KCH THC THIT B CHNH

5.1.Thp tch C3/C4
5.1.1.ng knh thp
Dt
4Vtb
g tb
0,0188
.3600. tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)
Trong :
Vtb :Lng hi trung bnh trong thp (m3/h)
tb :Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (m/s).
gtb : Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (kg/h).
Ta c:
g tb
g d g1
(Kg/h)
2
Trong :
gd : Lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp (Kg/h).
g1 : Lng hi i vo a di cng ca thp (Kg/h).
gh 0,05.
xtb
ytb
Trong
tb: Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (Kg/m3)
ytb : Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (Kg/m3)
Thp chng s dng a, thit lp tray sizing xem thng s ca thp:
Vo Utilties\ Tray sizing\ Add Section:
Thng s: Internals: Valve.
86
Chuyn qua Performance:

Ta tnh c ng knh thp l 2,134m.
5.1.2.Chiu cao thp
Chn khong cch gia 2 a l 0,6096m
Chiu cao ca thp c tnh theo cng thc:
H= (N-2). h + 2.a (m).
Trong :
H: Chiu cao ton thp

h: Khong cch gia 2 a
N: S a trong thp.
a: Chiu cao nh thp bng chiu cao y thp
Vy chiu cao ca thp l:
H= 28,00 (m)
5.1.3.Cu to a
Chn thp a van c mng chy truyn vi:
- Tng tit din l trn mt a: 0,2260 m2
- Tit din ngang ca thp: 3,575 m2
- Chiu cao g chy trn: 50,8 mm
- Tit din knh chy trn: 0,6576 m2
5.2.Thp tch Bupro
5.2.1.ng knh thp
Dt
4Vtb
g tb
0,0188
.3600. tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)
Trong :
Vtb :Lng hi trung bnh trong thp (m3/h)
87
tb :Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (m/s).

gtb : Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (kg/h).
Ta c:
g tb
g d g1
(Kg/h)
2
Trong :
gd : Lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp (Kg/h).
g1 : Lng hi i vo a di cng ca thp (Kg/h).
gh 0,05.
xtb
ytb
Vi
xtb: Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (Kg/m3)
ytb : Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (Kg/m3)
Thp chng s dng a, thit lp tray sizing xem thng s ca thp:
Vo Utilties\ Tray sizing\ Add Section:
Thng s: Internals: Valve.
Chuyn qua Performance:
Ta tnh c ng knh thp l 1,981m.
5.2.2.Chiu cao thp
Chn khong cch gia 2 a l 0,6096m.
Chiu cao ca thp c tnh theo cng thc:
H= (N-2). h + 2.a (m).
Trong :
H: Chiu cao ton thp
88
h: Khong cch gia 2 a

N: S a trong thp.
a: Chiu cao nh thp bng chiu cao y thp
Vy chiu cao ca thp l:
H= 18,29 (m)
5.2.3.Cu to a
Chn thp a van c mng chy truyn vi:
- Tng tit din l trn mt a: 0,2219 m2.
- Tit din ngang ca thp: 3,083 m2
- Chiu cao g chy trn: 50,8 mm.
- Tit din knh chy trn: 0,4406 m2
- Tng s van: 270
89
PHN 3:THIT K XY DNG

1.C IM CA PHN XNG
1.1.c im ca nguyn liu
Nguyn liu s dng l kh t nhin v kh ng hnh c thnh phn ch yu l
methane do vy vic vn chuyn phi tuyt i an ton.
Nguyn liu c cung cp trc tip bng h thng vn chuyn ng ng t m.
1.2. c im ca sn phm
LPG c cha trong cc loi bnh chu p lc khc nhau v tn cha trng thi
bo ho, tc l di dng lng v dng hi nn vi thnh phn khng i, p sut bo
ho trong bnh cha khng ph thuc vo lng LPG bn trong m ph thuc vo nhit
bn ngoi. Thng thng cc loi bn cha ch c cha gas lng ti a khong 80 85% th tch bnh, phn th tch cn li dnh cho phn hi c th gin n khi thay i
nhit mi trng bn ngoi.
p sut ti a cho php i vi sn phm LPG nh sau:
- Propan C3H8 c p sut 1448 KPa 37,8oC.
- Butan C4H10 c p sut 438 KPa 37,8oC
1.3.c im ca dy chuyn sn xut
Phn xng LPG c c im l cc qu trnh sn xut c tin hnh hu ht
trong cc thit b kn, kch thc thit b c nhiu loi rt to v cao, vn chuyn phn ln
bng ng ng, cc qu trnh sn xut c t ng ha, vic iu khin sn xut c
tin hnh trong phng iu khin trung tm.
Dy chuyn sn xut lm vic p sut cao.
-Thit b cao nht 28m.
-Thit b c ng knh ln nht l 2,2m.
-Dy chuyn lm vic vi kh c gii hn n rt cao vi khng kh.
90
2. CHN A IM XY DNG
trnh vn chuyn xa, to iu kin cho sn xut thun li, gim bt chi ph
chuyn ch gp phn h gi thnh sn phm cnh tranh. Nn ta chn a im nh
my gn ni cung cp v tiu th sn phm. a im xy dng phi gn ngun nguyn
liu do vy ta t dy chuyn sn xut LPG gn khu cng nghip lc du nh khu cng
nghip lc du Dung Qut hay khu vc Ph M -Vng Tu. y kh c cung cp
trc tip t ngoi khi vo vi tr lng ln nn c th p ng c nhu cu sn xut v
ti ny em t phn xng sn xut LPG ti khu cng nghip lc du Dung Qut.
2.1.Yu cu khi thit k tng mt bng nh my
2.1.1.Yu cu v khu t xy dng
Din tch khu t phi p ng cho c vic xy dng trc mt v c th pht trin
m rng trong tng lai. a hnh thch hp v thun tin cho vic b tr my mc, giao
thng, t chc, bo v mi trng v an ton lao ng. Tng hiu qu vn u t, gim
thiu chi ph gii phng mt bng, san lp cng trnh. Khu t phi bng phng, c hnh
ch nht, cao, khng ngp nc.
Cu to a cht yu cu khu t c cng chu lc 1,5-2,5 kg/cm2. Khu t
khng phi gia c t nn, mc nc ngm thp. Tt nht l xy dng trn nn t st,
st pha ct, ong. Khu t xy dng phi khng c khong sn di v a cht phi
n nh.
2.1.2.Yu cu v sinh cng nghip
m bo v sinh tt khi sn xut cho phn xng v khu vc xung quanh phi
tha mn yu cu:
- Khong cch bo v v sinh thch hp: Phn xng v tr cch khu dn c xung
quanh ti thiu 300m. Phn xng xy dng ngoi vi thnh ph hoc khu cng
nghip lin hp.
a im xy dng phi cui hng gi ch o so vi khu dn c v phi c
vng cy xanh bo v.
91
- Khu t xy dng phi vng h lu sng (nu c) cch bn dng nc ca khu

dn c hn 500m. Nc thi phi x l trc khi ra ngoi mi trng.
Tm li cn c vo cc yu cy trn ta quyt nh chn a im xy dng phn
xng sn xut LPG
2.2.Gii php thit k xy dng
2.2.1.Nguyn tc thit k tng mt bng phn xng
-Vng trc phn xng
Ni b tr cc nh hnh chnh qun l, phc v sinh hot, cng ra vo, gara t, xe
my, xe p,.. i vi cc phn xng c quy m nh hoc mc hp khi ln, vng
trc nh my hu nh c dnh cho din tch xe, cng bo v, bng tin v cy xanh
cnh quan.
-Vng sn xut
y l vng quan trng nht ca nh my nn khi b tr cn phi lu mt s
im sau y:
Khu t c u tin v iu kin a hnh, a cht cng nh v hng. Cc nh
sn xut chnh, ph, ph tr sn xut c nhiu cng nhn nn b tr gn pha cng
hoc gn pha trc giao thng chnh ca phn xng v c bit u tin v hng.
Cc nh xng trong qu trnh sn xut gy ra cc tc ng xu nh ting n ln,
lng bi, nhit thi ra nhiu hoc d c s c( d chy, d n hoc r r cc ha
cht c hi) nn t cui hng gi v tun th cht ch vn an ton v sinh
cng nghip.
-Vng cc cng trnh ph
Ni t cc nh v cng trnh cung cp nng lng bao gm cc cng trnh cung
cp in, hi, nc, x l nc thi v cc cng trnh bo qun k thut khc. Cn lu
mt s im sau y:
92
Hn ch ti a chiu di ca h thng cung cp k thut bng cch b tr hp l

gia ni cung cp v ni tiu th nng lng( khi thc ti a h thng cung cp
trn khng v ngm di mt t).
Tn dng cc khu khng li v hng hoc giao thng b tr cc cng trnh
ph.
Cc cng trnh c nhiu bi hoc cht thi bt li u phi ch b tr cui hng
gi ch o.
-Vng kho v phc v giao thng
Trn , b tr cc h thng kho tang, bn bi, cc cu bc d hang, sn ga nh my
Khi b tr vng ny ngi thit k cn lu mt s im sau:
Cho php b tr cc cng trnh trn vng t khng u tin v hng. Nhng phi
ph hp vi cc ni tp kt nguyn liu v sn phm ca nh my d dng
thun tin nhp, xut hng ha cu nh my.
Tuy nhin, trong nhiu trng hp, do c im v yu cu ca dy chuyn cng
ngh, h thng kho tng c th b tr gn lin trc tip vi b phn sn xut. V
vy, ngi thit k c th b tr mt phn h thng kho tang nm ngay trong khu
vc sn xut.
93
2.2.2.Cc hng mc cng trnh

Bng34: Cc hng mc cng trnh
STT
Tn hng mc cng trnh
Kch
Din tch
lng
thc(m)
(m2)
Nh hnh chnh( 2 tng)
12x30
360
Phng bo v
3x3
36
Gara t
9x30
270
Khu xe p, xe my
12x24
288
Phng y t
10x32
320
Cng tin
18x18
324
Phng th nghim
12x18
216
Xng c kh
40x50
2000
Kho ha cht
12x18
216
10
Khu x l cht thi
12x30
360
11
Trm bin p
9x12
108
12
Khu iu khin trung tm
18x24
432
13
Khu vc b cha LPG
24x24
2304
14
H thng my nn
10x10
1440
15
Khu vc tch lng hi
20x40
800
10x10
100
16
Khu cha thit b trao i nhit v

tubo expander
94
17
Thp tch C1/C2
16x16
256
18
Thp tch Etan
16x16
256
19
Thp tch Bupro
16x16
256
20
Thp tch C3/C4
16x16
256
21
B cha condensat
24x24
576
22
B cha nc
20x20
400
23
Cu ha
18x12
24
Khu t d tr
40x120
4800
Tng din tch
16506
Din tch ton nh my thng c chn t 3 n 4 ln din tch chim t ca

cng trnh. Nn din tch mt bng phn xng l:
F = 16506 . 4 = 66024 (m2)
Ch tiu kinh t k thut
-H s xy dng:
K xd
AB
x100%
F
A:Din tch t ca nh v cng trnh, m2

B:Din tch kho bi l thin, m2
F:Tng din tch mt bng nh my, m2
-H s s dng:
K SD
( A B C ).100%
F
95
Trong :
C:Din tch t chim ca ng b
Ta c: A= 16506 m2
B= 2500m2
C=20000m2
Vy h s xy dng: Kxd=28,8%
H s s dng:Ksd=71,2%
2.3.Mt bng nh my
Phn xng LPG c c im l cc qu trnh sn xut c tin hnh hu ht
trong cc thit b kn, kch thc thit b c nhiu loi rt to v cao, vn chuyn phn ln
bng ng ng, cc qu trnh sn xut c t ng ha, vic iu khin sn xut c
tin hnh trong phng iu khin trung tm.
V vy phn xng LPG ta tn dng b tr thit b ra ngoi tri khng cn bao che
tc xy dng l thin (XDLT) v ch lm mi che, mi bt khng c tng bao che tc
xy dng bn l thin (XDBLT).
2.3.1. ngha, tc dng
Hnh thc XDLT-BLT em li nhiu ngha to ln v mt tin b khoa hc k
thut cng nh v mt kinh t trong xy dng v s dng sau:
- Gim ti trng tc dng ln cng trnh nh kt cu bao che, ti trng gi ngang,
cn trc trong nh, Do vy, gim thiu c khi lng xy dng cc mt t 20-40%,
tit kim vt liu xy dng.
- Gim thi gian thit k, thi gian chun b v thi cng cng trnh, sm a cng
trnh vo s dng.
96
- Tit kim din tch trn mt bng b tr LT-BLT t 10-50% nn tit kim t xy
dng nh my.
- Nng cao tnh linh hot v vn nng ca cng trnh, d dng b tr sp xp, lp
rp, sa cha thit b, d dng m rng v ci to nh my trong tng lai.
- Gim in chiu sang, gim thit b thng gi nhn to, gim c nguy c chy
n v b tr cc thong v cc chi ph bo qun, s dng, sa cha cng trnh. Cng
nhn lm vic tt hn v cm thy an ton hn.
Do cc ngha to ln trn rt c cc hiu qu kinh t sau:
- Gim tng s vn u t xy dng t 5-10% so vi xy dng kn.
- Gim gi thnh xy dng t 8-50%, do gim gi thnh sn phm t 8-18%.
Ngoi ra XDLT-BLT mang li ci p hin i, uy nghi, hung v, ci p ca s
tin b vi tro lu khoa hc pht trin. V vy vic nghin cu thit k trong iu kin
kh hu Vit Nam s mang li hiu qu v cng to ln.
2.3.2.B tr cc thnh phn trong xy dng l thin v bn l thin
*Trn mt bng l thin :
-t cc thit b: C kch thc ln, nng n, cng knh. Cc thit b khc theo s
ngang ca qu trn sn xut.
-Thit b thp t trn b mng, b tr vng t tt. Thit b sinh c hi b tr cui
hng gi. Thit b c nguy c chy n c khong cch an ton. B tr thit b thp dt
song song khung sn to lin h tt, to thm m.
-Thit b trn mt bng ring b tr thnh hng, c sn thao tc v thang lin h.
C ng i li sa cha, kim tra.
-Gia hai hng thit b c mt bng tu sa, lp rp, thay th c khong cch: B=
0,7-0,75Hmax (Hmax l chiu cao ln nht ca thit b).
97
*Trn khung sn l thin-bn l thin

-Trn khung sn l thin t cc thit b nh, nh, chiu cao khng ln theo s
ng ca qu trnh sn xut.
-Trn khung sn bn l thin t cc thit b pht sinh nhit, c hai chy n, c
cong ngi coi, hoc cc thit b ma nng lm nh hng. Khung c L=4,56m;B=6m;H=3,6-7,2m.
-B tr lan can xung quanh v ch din tch cho i li, thao tc sa cha, bo
dng.
-Khi c cht lng d chy trn khung phi c khe chng chy:
+ Di <9m, H<12m, khe>5m.
+ Di >9m, H>12m, khe>12m.
98
PHN 4: TNH TON KINH T

1. MC CH, NGHA, CA TNH TON KINH T
Khi thit k bt k mt dy chuyn sn xut no, th ngoi vic tnh ton cc ch
tiu k thut cn phi tha mn cc yu cu v kinh t, tnh ton kinh t gip ta thy c
tng gi tr d n. Hiu qu kinh t ca d n c biu hin bng ch tiu thu hi vn
(T) v h s hiu qu ca vn u t (E).
T=
E=
T vic xc nh hiu qu kinh t ca d n, ta mi i n quyt nh hoc l xy
dng hoc l hy b hoc l c nhng iu chnh sao cho hp l.
2. TNH TON
ph hp thanh ton quc t, di y l cc khon tin u tnh theo n v
tin t USD
2.1. Ch vn hnh ca phn xng
S gi hot ng trong mt nm: 8000 gi
S gi hot ng trong 1 ngy l 24 gi
Nng sut phn xng l :1975198 tn/nm
LPG: 366666 tn/nm
Kh kh: 1437666 tn/nm
Condensat: 170866 tn /nm
Vn u t ban u bao gm c vn u t cho thit b v vn u t cho xy
dng.
Tng vn u t : 200 .106 USD
99
2.2. Hch ton chi ph

a.Chi ph cho nguyn liu
Nng sut 2.109 m3/nm.
n gi tnh cho 1 m3 nguyn liu l: 1 USD/m3
Vy chi ph cho nguyn liu l 2000.106 USD
b.Chi ph cho phc v sn xut
Chi ph cho nng lng in : Vi lng in tiu th l 105.106 kwh/nm
Thnh tin : Vi 1 kwh c gi 0,1 USD
Tiu th in trong 1 nm : 0,1.105.106= 10,5.106 USD
c. Chi ph cho lng cng nhn
Vi phn xng khong 50 ngi, lng bnh qun 2000USD/nm
Thnh tin 100000 USD
d. Chi ph cho phn xng
Khu hao ton b trong vng 20 nm bng 5% tng vn u t ban u.
Thnh tin : 0,05.79.106 =3,95.106
Chi ph vn chuyn ly bng 3% vn u t ban u:
Thnh tin : 0,03.79.106= 2,37.106
Tng chi ph cho phn xng : 3,95.106 +2,37.106 =6,32.106
e. Chi ph cho qun l
Ly bng 0,7% tng chi ph (nguyn liu+ sn xut+ lng cng nhn)
Thnh tin : 0,007.( 200.106 +10,5.106 +100000)=1,474.106 USD
f. Chi ph dnh cho bn hng
Ly bng 3% chi ph(phn xng +qun l)
100
Thnh tin : 0,03.( 6,32.106+ 1,474.106)=0,234.106

g. Tng chi
Tng chi = Chi ph(nguyn liu+ sn xut+ lng cng nhn+ phn xng+ qun
l+ bn hng)=2180,628.106
2.3. Tnh gi thnh ca sn phm
Gi thnh ca sn phm trn th trng
LPG: GT = 1400 USD/tn
Kh kh: GT= 3USD/1 triu BTU
Condensate: 750USD/tn
2.4. Tnh tng doanh thu 1 nm
LPG: 513.106 USD
Kh kh: 1666.106 USD
Condensate: 128.106 USD
Tng doanh thu = 2307.106 USD
2.5. Li nhun kinh t
Li nhun kinh t = Tng doanh thu-Tng chi ph=2307.106 - 2180,628.106
=126,372.106 USD
2.6. Thu VAT
10% doanh thu-10%nguyn liu=0,1.( 2307.106-2000.106)=30,7.106 USD
Li sut sau thu= Li nhun kinh t- Thu=126,372.106-30,7.106=95,672.106 USD
2.7. Tnh thi gian thu hi vn
T=
101
= 2,1 nm
PHN 5 : AN TON LAO NG

1. BO QUN, VN CHUYN V TN CHA LPG
LPG trn th gii hin nay c s dng rng ri trong rt nhiu ngnh v l
loi khng th thiu mt s quc gia, c bit i vi nhng quc gia c nn cng
nghip pht trin. Do vy, vic bo qun, vn chuyn v tn cha LPG c c bit
quan tm.
1.1. Vn chuyn LPG
thun tin cho vic tn cha v vn chuyn LPG phc v cho qu trnh s
dng, ngi ta thng ho lng kh v butan v propan rt d ho lng iu kin p
sut khng cao.
Kh ho lng nhit thp, khi nhit thng th ho hi. Khi cha LPG
trong bnh th p sut khong 3 - 5 atm, nn bnh cha phi l bnh chu p lc.
Tu theo v tr ca nh my sn sut, cc th trng tiu th, ni chung l LPG
c vn chuyn bng ng ng. Vic vn chuyn LPG t vng ny sang vng
khc, hoc t ni sn xut n ni tiu th, ngi ta c th vn chuyn bng ng
bin, ng st hoc ng b. Trn cc phng tin vn chuyn ngi ta phi dng
bnh cha chu p lc cao v c h thng bm chuyn theo quy nh. i vi cc h
dn tiu th trong gia nh ngi ta c th s dng h thng ng dn ph hp hoc
bnh cha c cu to bng thp c bit.
1.2. Bo qun v tn cha
Ngi ta c th bo qun v tn cha LPG trn mt t hoc trong lng t
tu theo mc tn cha, kh nng tiu th v iu kin mi vng khc nhau.
- Tn cha trn mt t:
Cc thit b cha LPG l cc thit b chu p lc c thit k v ch to theo
hnh tr nm ngang, hai u cc hnh bn cu, hoc c th tn cha LPG nhng bn
hnh cu v n c kh nng chu p lc cao. Trn cc bn cha u c lp t cc
thit b bo v an ton trong qu trnh tn cha d trong thi gian ngn hay di. Tu
theo nhu cu ca th trng hoc mc ch yu cu cha LPG m ngi ta s dng
102
cc bn cha to nh tu theo cc mc dung tch khc nhau.

- Tn cha trong lng t:
Ngi ta c th tn cha LPG trong lng t, trong cc hang ng mui hoc m.
Cch tn cha ny an ton v hiu qu, song ch thc hin mt s nc c nn cng
nghip pht trin nh M, Anh, Canada.
Ni chung, vic tn cha LPG hin nay a s c tn cha v bo qun trong
cc bn cha khc nhau. Cc loi bn cha ny c th chu p sut t vi MPa n vi
trm MPa v cha t vi chc m3 n vi trm nghn m3 LPG.
2. AN TON KHI S DNG LPG
LPG l mt cht nguy him, rt d chy n trong qu trnh bo qun, vn chuyn
v tn cha, vn an ton c c bit quan tm. LPG d bt la, nu thot ra ngoi
th n s gii phng ra ngoi mt lng kh d chy n. Do LPG nng hn khng kh v
nh hn nc nn khi b d r ra ngoi mi trng d b t li nhng ch thp, nu
lu trong phng kn n s chong ht th tch khng kh v gy ngt th, nu c mt mi
la, n s gy chy n. l nhng nguy him m ngi s dng v cung cp cn ch
phng trnh.
Ni chung trong qu trnh bo qun, vn chuyn v tn cha LPG s thn trng
nghim chnh thc hin cc qui trnh qui phm vn chuyn l mt yu cu cn thit
trnh nhng r r tht thot ca LPG ra mi trng gy nguy him. Thit b dng trong
kho d tr v qu trnh sn xut LPG c thit lp theo qui trnh thch hp nh cht
liu, tng chn, c thit b o nng LPG, van an ton, van gim p, h thng thot
nc, h thng ngt van khn cp, h thng bo chy. Ngun la phi c kim tra,
kim sot mt cch nghim ngt.
Do tnh cht nguy him v ri do cao ca LPG m ti ni tn cha v sn sut,
cc d liu tnh ton ta phi d kin c tt c cc kh nng xy ra, t nh gi
cng phm vi,cng tai nn v yu t lin quan. Trn c s s a ra nhng
bin php phng nga hu hiu. Ngoi ra, tuy LPG khng gy c, tuy nhin nu s
lng ln LPG thot ra ngoi hoc ra phng kn n s chim ch ca khng kh v gy
103
ngt th cho con ngi v vy mi ngi cng nhn lm vic c lin quan n LPG cn
phi c o to hng dn y v tnh cht ca LPG, cch phng nga v khc
phc khi c s c xy ra.
3. AN TON LAO NG
3.1. Mc ch v ngha
3.1.1. Mc ch
Ngnh cng nghip ha du ni chung rt c hi, v vy trong qu trnh sn xut
c nhiu yu t gy nh hng n sc khe con ngi v mi trng xung quanh. V
vy, an ton lao ng gm nhng mc ch sau:
-Bo m ton cho ngi lao ng.
-Bo v sc khe cho ngi lao ng
-Bi dng v hi phc kp thi sc khe cho ngi lao ng
3.1.2. ngha
Gp phn tch cc vo vic cng c v hon thin quan h sn xut XHCN, mi
ngi lao ng u c iu kin pht huy tt quyn lm ch ca mnh.
Ngi lao ng c mi trng lm vic tt, sn xut t hiu qu cao, hn ch
ngn nga gy tai nn, my mc c m bo hin i, h thng phng chy cha chy
lun lun trng thi hot ng.
Gim thiu c hi cho mi trng, trnh nhng tai n ri ro cho ngi lao ng
cng nh cho ngi dn nhng vng ln cn, trnh nhng v chy n gy thit hi ln
cho ngi v x hi.
3.2. Ni quy an ton khi vo cng trng nh my
Cm ht thuc, mang dim, cc dng c gy ra la. Lun lun trang b y bo
h lao ng.
104
Nm r cc hot ng v c tnh ca khu vc d nh n tham quan. Cm i li

ni r r, ni th p hoc ang x kh.
Cn thn vi cng rnh, khu vc o t. Khng c vo cc khu vc ang xy
dng khng c li vo an ton v li ra thot him, khu vc c cp in.
3.3. Cc bin php an ton lao ng
3.3.1. An ton khi s dng my mc, thit b
Ngi vn hnh phi nm r c cc yu cu k thut, nguyn l lm vic ca
thit b.
C cu iu khin phi ph hp vi tm vc ngi s dng, tm tay, chiu di
chn, phm vi nhn,..
C c cu che chn v c cu bo v nhm cch ly cng nhn ra khi vng nguy
him m bo an ton trong sn xut.
C c cu phng nga nhm phng s c ca thit b c lien quan n iu
kin an ton ca cng nhn, ca ton phn xng.
C h thng n tn hiu an ton.
Kim tra an ton ca my mc trc khi s dng.
m bo h thng chiu sng v thong gi t nhin trong qu trnh lm vic.
3.3.2. An ton in
An ton in l mt trong nhng vn quan trng ca cng tc an ton. Nu
thiu hiu bit v in, khng tun theo nhng nguyn tc v k thut s gy ra tai nn
ng tic.Nht l in rt kh pht hin bng gic quan m ch c th bit khi tip xc
vi phn t mang in. Chnh v l an ton in lun c t ln hng u trong cc
phn xng.
105
Mt s yu cu c bn v thit b in:
-Dy dn in trong nh my phi c bc bng v cao su hay c th lng vo
ng kim loi trnh b dp, nh tia la in.
- trm in phi c r le t ngt khi gp s c v in.
-Cu dao phi lp rp sao cho d iu khin, c th t ng ngt nhiu v tr
trong phn xng.
3.3.3. An ton trong phng chng n
Cc cng nhn vin trong phn xng phi c hc y cc ni quy an ton
v phng chng chy n, cng nh cc bin php cha chy khi c s c xy ra. Ngoi
vic bi dng, nng cao hiu bit nhn thc cho cng nhn th phn xng phi c
trang b y cc thit b nh bnh cha chy ti ch, phng cu ha, cc thit b chng
tnh in, chng st, gin lm mt vo ma h,.., qun o bo h lao ng.
ng v ng i qua khi qui hoch mt bng x nghip phi to cho xe cha
chy n c by k nh no v c hai pha.
Mt s bin php an ton v c hi:
Phn xng phi c h thng thng gi, chiu sang t nhin m bo trong qu
trnh lm vic tt.
Cc h thng b cha, ng ng dn m bo kn, khng b r r, bay hi.
Dng mt n phng c khi thao tc trong b cha, c qun o v dng c bo h
y .
Hn ch ti a s tip xc ca con ngi khi tip xc vi ha cht c hi. Phn
xng c t ng ha cao.
V sinh c th sau khi ri ni lm vic. C cc ch bi dng cho cng nhn
c y , thng xuyn.
106
KT LUN
n tt nghp vi ti Thit k phn xng sn xut LPG t kh ng
hnh c hon thnh vi nhng ni dung sau:
A. Phn tng quan l thuyt
1. Gii thiu thnh phn c tnh ca kh ng hnh v kh ha lng LPG
2. Gii thiu cc cng ngh sn xut LPG v em la chn c cng ngh sn
xut LPG ca nh my x l kh Dinh C.
B.M phng dy chuyn cng ngh bng phn mm Hysys
C. Phn tnh ton
1. Tnh cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng cho tng thit b v ton b h
thng vi nguyn liu u vo l kh t m Bch H vi lu lng 6 triu m3/ngy.T
ta tnh c lng sn phm cui ca nh my:
Kh kh:5,255 triu m3/ngy
Propan:580,8 tn/ngy
Butan:520,7 tn /ngy
Condensat:512,3 tn/ngy
2. Thng s k thut ca thit b chnh
Thp tch C3/C4
Thp a: 46 a
Chiu cao: H=28m
ng knh thp: D= 2,134m
Thp tch bupro
Thp a: 30 a
Chiu cao: H=18,29m
ng knh thp: D=1,981m
3. Tnh xy dng, kinh t vi thi gian hon vn l 2 nm 1 thng.
107
Tuy nhin, vi khong thi gian ngn v lng kin thc cn hn ch nn n

ca em khng trnh khi thiu st. V vy, em rt mong c s ng gp kin v ch
bo ca cc thy c em hon thin hn kin thc ca mnh.
108
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]
Nguyn Th Minh Hin. Ch bin kh t nhin v kh ng hnh. Trng HKB H

Ni, 2000.
[2]
M.A Beslin VG Gotromcop - cng ngh ch bin kh t nhin v kh du m ngi dch: Hong nh Nam, Nguyn Vn Phc, Nguyn nh Soa, Phan Minh
Tn. Trng H K Thut TP. H Ch Minh, 1997.
[3]
Natural Gas conversion - A. Holmen et at (Editor) Elsevier science publishers B.V.,

Amsterdam, 1991.
[4]
Kiu nh Kim - Cc sn phm du m v ho du. Nh xut bn Khoa hc k

thut H Ni, 1999.
[5]
Hong nh Lu - Kh ng hnh, tnh hnh khai thc v s dng (tng lun phn tch).
B cng nghip nng, vin thng tin khoa hc k thut, 1992.
[6]
E.W. fank, N.L. Nosman - "Gas separation Technology", Netheslands, 1996.
[7]
Mai Vn Kin - Qu trnh pht trin ngnh cng ngh du kh ca nc Vit Nam
v ng nam , 1990.
[8]
Wolfgang gerart - Ullmann's Ecyclopedia of in dustryl chemistry. Vol A12, P169 274.
[9]
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MC LC

2.5. Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh ..................................................................... 50

1.3.c im ca dy chuyn sn xut ........................................................................ 90

KT LUN ...................................................................................................................... 107

PHN 1: TNG QUAN

Bng 1: Thnh phn cc hydrocacbon trong kh ng hnh

Ngi ta cn phn loi kh theo hm lng hydrocacbon t propan tr ln. Cc kh

C5H12 (v cao hn)

Bng 3 di y cho bit thnh phn kh du m khai thc c mt vi m ca

Bng 3: Thnh phn ho hc trung bnh ca KDM Vit Nam

T cc s liu nu trn thy rng cc cu t c bn ca KDM l cc hydrocacbon

Trong nhng nm gn y, nhiu nc trn th gii c xu hng tng cng sut

ng nam v Chu i Dng

Thnh phn ho hc ch yu ca LPG l hydro ho dng parafin, c cng thc

3 T trng th lng (d15/4)

5 Th tch ring th hi 00C v 760 mmHg

6 Th tch ring th hi/lng 00C

Nng sut to nhit thc t (nt)

Nng sut to nhit thc t 9 (nt)

Nng sut to nhit chung (gross)

Nng sut to nhit chung (gross)

8 n nhit bay hi 150C

47,5757 1,03 2,0

12 Kh CO2 trn l thuyt

T trng th lng: iu kin 150C, 760mmHg, t trng ca propan bng 0,51 v

12,3 11,5 10,5 9,7

15,9 14,3 13,7 12,6 11,3 10

19,8 18,5 17,2 16,0 14,3 12,8 11,2 8,3

2.2.5. Tnh gin n

Bng 7: T l gin n ca LPG

1 th tch cht lng cao 270 th tch hi 1 at

1 th tch cht lng cao 238 th tch hi 1 at

iu ny mang mt ngha kinh t rt ln so vi cc loi kh nn khc, v ch cn

Gii hn chy n trn

Bng 9: Nhit tr ca LPG ca mt s loi nhin liu, nng lng [4]

Nhin liu, nng Nhit lng c ch

Nhit lng ton phn

Mt cch tng i c th so snh: nhit lng do 1kg LPG cung cp bng 14

Bng 10: Nhit t bt chy ca mt s loi nhin liu ti p sut kh quyn.[4]

Nhit t bt chy ti thiu (0C)

Phng php nghin cu D-908

2.2.10. Th tch phn t gam

2.2.14. Yu cu k thut i vi kh t ho lng

hunh, mgk/kg max D-2784-89

2.3. Cc ng dng quan trng ca LPG trong cc lnh vc khc nhau

Propan chuyn dng: l sn phm c cht lng cao s dng trong cc ng c t

Sn phm nh gm cu t c bay hi ln v t cu t c bay

Sn phm y gm cu t c bay hi b v t cu t c bay hi

Chng ct l qu trnh tch 1 dung dch bng cch un si n, ri ngng t hi bay

nh (d bay hi). Hi ny s i vo thit b ngng t (condenser) (mt phn hoc hon

Gin pha P-V-T ca h 1 cu t

Tt c cc min hai pha u vung g vi trc nhit nn s l cc ng cong

ng HD, HC, FH l cc ng cn bng bao gm tp hp cc gi tr p sut,

nhit , ti c cn bng pha.

im H l im duy nht ti nhit v p sut xc nh ng thi tn ti 3 pha

nm cn bng vi nhau. Ti ng cn bng nhit v p sut khng i h c th

Dc theo ng FH khng tn ti pha lng, v pha rn thng hoa thnh hi.

ng HC l ng bo ha hoc cn bng gia hai pha lng v hi.

im C l im ti hn ng vi nhit ti hn TC v p sut ti hn PC. Ti

cc tnh cht ca pha lng v pha hi tr thnh ng nht.

ng HC thng c gi l ng p sut hi hay ng cong im sng hay

T m > n h trng thi rn

T o n b h trng thi lng, ti b h trng thi lng bo ha