S GIO DC V

K THI GII TON TRN MY TNH

O TO

CM TAY

QUNG NGI

CP TNH NM HC 2008-2009
MN THI: HO HC THPT

Bi 1. 200C ho tan vo dung dch NaOH nng 0,016 g/lt mt

lng iot phn ng sau xy ra hon ton: 2NaOH + I2 NaI +
NaIO + H2O.
Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bit hng s axit ca HIO = 21011.
Bi 2. Cho rng ht nhn nguyn t v chnh nguyn t 11 H c dng
hnh cu. Ht nhn nguyn t hiro c bn knh gn ng bng 1015m,
bn knh nguyn t hiro bng 0,531010m. Hy xc nh khi lng
ring ca ht nhn v nguyn t 11 H . (cho khi lng proton = khi
lng ntron 1,6721027kg ; khi lng electron = 9,1091031kg)
Bi 3. X v Y l hai cht kh ph bin c dng AOm v BOn. Khi
lng mol phn t ca hai kh chnh lch nhau 20 gam. Nu ly 2,816
gam mi kh cho vo bnh vi dung tch 2,24 lt 00 th p sut trong hai
bnh s chnh lch nhau 0,2 atm. Xc nh CTPT ca X v Y.
Bi 4. Hn hp gm mt s hirocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng c khi lng mol trung bnh l 64. 1000C hn hp ny th kh
cn khi lm lnh n nhit phng th mt s cht trong b ngng
t. Cc cht trng thi kh c khi lng mol trung bnh bng 54 cn
cc cht trng thi lng c khi lng mol trung bnh l 74. Tng khi
lng mol cc cht trong hn hp bng 252. Khi lng mol ca cht
nng nht gp i khi lng mol ca cht nh nht. Hy xc nh:
a. CTPT cc cht trong hn hp u.
b. T l mol ca cc cht trong hn hp trn.
Bi 5.
Cacbon 14 phn r phng x theo phn ng sau :
14
14
7 N 01 e . Thi gian bn r l 5730 nm. Hy tnh tui ca mt
6 C

mu g kho c c phng x bng 72% phng x ca mu g hin

ti ?
Bi 6. Nhng mt si Ag vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 2,5102M. Xc nh
nng ca Fe3+, Fe2+, Ag+ khi cn bng 250C. Tnh th ca cc cp
oxi ho - kh khi cn bng.
Bi 7. Mt nguyn t X c bn knh l 1,44 ; khi lng ring thc
ca tinh th l 19,36 g/cm3. Nguyn t ny ch chim 74% th tch trong
mng tinh th, phn cn li l rng. Hy xc nh khi lng ring trung
bnh ca nguyn t ri suy ra khi lng mol nguyn t?
Bi 8. Cho 24,696 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Cu vo 210ml dung
dch HNO3 3,4M khuy u thy thot ra mt kh duy nht khng mu,
ho nu trong khng kh, trong dung dch cng d mt kim loi cha tan
ht. tip t t dung dch H2SO4 2,5M vo, cht kh trn li thot ra
cho n khi kim loi va tan ht th mt ng 92,4ml dung dch axit, thu
c dung dch A. Ly dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH long va , lc kt ta, ri nung ngoi khng kh n khi
lng khng i thu c cht rn B nng 16,38 gam. Tnh % khi
lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. Xem Cu(OH)2 khng tan trong dung
dch NaOH long.
Bi 9. C mt hn hp gm hai kh A v B.
-

Nu trn cng s mol A v B th c hn hp kh c t khi so

vi He bng 7,5.

Nu trn cng khi lng A v B th c hn hp kh c t

khi so vi O2 bng 11/15.
Tm khi lng mol ca A v B.

Bi 10. Tinh th magi kim loi c cu trc mng lc phng.

a. Hy v cu trc mng t bo c s v cho bit s nguyn t
Mg cha trong t bo c s ny.
b. Tnh khi lng ring ca tinh th kim loi Mg theo g/cm3.

Cho bn knh nguyn t Mg bng 1,6. Nguyn t khi ca Mg bng

24,31 ; 1u=1,66051024 gam.

S GIO DC V O TO TUYN QUANG

K THI GII TON TRN MY TNH CM TAY CP TNH
LP 12 THPT NM 2012
Mn: HO HC
Thi gian: 150 pht (Khng k thi gian giao )
Ngy thi: 15/01/2012
CHNH THC
Cu 1. (5 im) Tinh th NaCl c cu trc lp phng tm din.
a) Hy biu din m hnh tinh th NaCl
b) Tnh bn knh ca ion Na+ v khi lng ring ca NaCl (tinh th)?
Bit rng cnh a ca mng c s bng 0,558 nm, bn knh ca ion Cll 0,181 nm v khi lng mol ca Na v Cl ln lt l 22,99 g/mol v
35,45 g/mol.
Cu 2. (5 im) Kt qu nghin cu ng hc ca phn ng:
3I (dd) + S2O82 (dd) I3 (dd) + 2SO42(dd)
c cho trong bng di y:
[I], M

[S2O82], M

0,001

0,001

0,002

0,001

0,002

0,002

Tc (tng i) ca phn ng

Vit biu thc lin h tc phn ng vi nng cc cht tham gia

phn ng.
Cu 3. (5 im) Cho H0 sinh ca H2O(k) ; CO2(k) v kh propan (C3H8)
ln lt l:
-242 kJ/mol; -394 kJ/mol; -104 kJ/mol.
H0 chy ca butan (C4H10) l -2655 kJ/mol.
Tnh H0 sinh ca butan v H0 chy ca propan?
Cu 4. (5 im) Ho tan 3,5 gam hn hp Na2CO3 v K2CO3 vo nc
c dung dch A. Cho t t dung dch HCl 3,65 % vo dung dch A

n khi thy c 224 ml kh X ktc, thu c dung dch B. Cho dung

dch B tc dng vi nc vi trong d thu c 2 gam kt ta.
a) Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl dng.
b) C cn dung dch B v nung mui thu c n khi lng khng i
thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh m?
Cu 5. (5 im) Ho tan hon ton 9,5 gam hn hp gm Al2O3, Fe, Al
trong V (ml) dd HNO3 1M thu c dd A v 3,36 lt kh NO duy nht(
ktc). Cho dd NaOH 1M vo dd A cho n khi lng kt ta khng thay
i na th ht 850 ml dd NaOH. Lc ra kt ta ri nung nhit cao
n khi lng khng i th thu c 8 gam mt cht rn.
a) Tnh s mol tng cht trong hn hp ban u.
b) Tnh V ca dd HNO3 1M em dng?
Cu 6. (5 im) Cho hn hp gm 25,6 gam Cu v 23,2 gam Fe3O4 tc
dng vi 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M cho n khi phn ng hon ton thu
c dung dch A v cht rn B. Cho dung dch A phn ng vi dung
dch AgNO3 d tch ra kt ta D. Tnh lng kt ta D.
Cu 7. (5 im) Mt khong cht X c cha 20,93% nhm; 21,7% silic
v cn li l oxi v hiro (v khi lng).
Hy xc nh cng thc ca X.
Cu 8. (5 im) t chy 560cm3 hn hp kh (ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon
A v B c cng s nguyn t Cacbon trong phn t ta thu c 4,4 gam
CO2 v 1,9125 gam nc.
a) Xc nh CTPT c th c ca 2 hirocacbon ban u.
b) Nu cho lng CO2 trn vo 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,3M. Tnh CM
cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng, coi th tch dung dch khng i.
Cu 9. (5 im) thy phn hon ton 0,01 mol este A (to bi 1 axit
hu c n chc X v ancol Y) cn dng 1,2 gam NaOH. Mt khc,
thy phn 6,35 gam este cn dng va 3 gam NaOH v thu c
7,05 gam mui. Xc nh cu to v gi tn X, Y, A.
5

Cu 10. (5 im) Ngi ta iu ch mt dung dch X bng cch ho tan

0,05 mol axit axetic v 0,05 mol Natri axetat trong nc ri thm nc
n th tch 1 lt.
a) Tnh pH ca dung dch X?
b) Nu thm 10-3 mol HCl hoc thm 10-3 mol NaOH vo dung dch X
th pH ca X thay i nh th no?
Cho Ka(CH3COOH) = 1,8.10-5.

thi gii ton Ho hc trn my tnh Casio Ton quc nm 2008

B GIO DC V O TO
K THI KHU VC GII TON TRN MY TNH
CM TAY NM 2008
THI CHNH THC Mn: HA HC Lp 12 cp
THPT ( thi gm 08 trang)
Thi gian thi: 150 pht (khng k thi gian giao
Ngy thi:14/3/2008 (Th sinh lm bi trc tip vo
bn thi ny)
Cu 1: Mi phn t
c tng cc ht proton, ntron, electron
bng 196; trong , s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
in l 60, s ht mang in ca X t hn s ht mang in ca Y l
76.
a) Hy xc nh k hiu ho hc ca X,Y v
.
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X,Y.
Cu 2: Mt mu than ly t hang ng vng ni vi tnh Ha
Bnh c 9,4 phn hy C. hy cho bit ngi Vit c i to ra mu
than cch y bao nhiu nm? Bit chu k bn hy ca C l 5730
nm, trong kh quyn c 15,3 phn hy C. Cc s phn hy ni trn
u tnh vi 1,0 gam cacbon, xy ra trong 1,0 giy.
Cu 3: Mt loi khong c cha 13,77%Na; 7,18%Mg; 57,48%O;
2,39%H v cn li l nguyn t X v khi lng. Hy xc nh cng
thc phn t ca khong
Cu 4: Tinh th ng kim loi c cu trc lp phng tm din.
a) Hy v cu trc mng t bo c s v cho bit s nguyn t Cu
cha trong t bo s ng ny
b) Tnh cnh lp phng a() ca mng tinh th, bit nguyn t Cu
c bn knh bng 1,28
c) Xc nh khong cch gn nht gia hai nguyn t Cu trong mng
d) Tnh khi lng ring ca Cu theo
Cu 5: Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Ca

, bit ti

nhit khi lng ring ca Ca bng

. Gi thit
trong tinh th cc nguyn t Ca c hnh cu, c c kht l 74%.
Cu 6: Bit rng mono clobenzen c momen lng cc 1 = 1,53
D.
7

a) Hy tnh momen lng cc

ca ortho, meta,
para diclobenzen.
b) o momen lng cc ca mt trong ba ng phn c
=
1,53 D. Hi l dng no ca diclobenzen?
Cu 7: Tnh pH ca dung dch benzoatnatri

M. Bit hng s axit ca axit benzoic bng

Cu 8: Ti
=>

nng

, P = 10atm phn ng
c

. Tm % th tch

thi cn bng, gi thit lc u

ng h s ca phng trnh

trng

c t l s mol theo

Cu 9: Hn hp A gm 3 este n chc, mch thng, to thnh t

cng mt ru B vi 3 axit hu c, trong c hai axit no l ng
ng k tip nhau v mt axit khng no cha mt lin kt i. X
phng ho hon ton 14,7 gam A bng dung dch NaOH, thu c
hn hp mui v p gam ru B. Cho p gam ru B vo bnh ng
natri d, sau phn ng c 2,24 lt kh thot ra v khi lng bnh
ng natri tng 6,2 gam. Mt khc t chy hon ton 14,7 gam A,
thu c 13,44 lt
v 9,9 gam
Xc nh cng thc cu
to ca tng este trong A. (Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu
chun).
Cu 10: Nitrosyl clorua l mt cht rt c, khi un nng s phn
hu thnh nit monoxit v clo.
a) Hy vit phng trnh cho phn ng ny
b) Tnh Kp ca phn ng 298K(theo atm v theo
).
| Nitrosyl clorua| Nit monoxit|
(kJ/mol)| 51,71 |
90,25 | ?
(J/K.mol)| 264 | 211 | 223
c) Tnh gn ng Kp ca phn ng 475K

* Hng s phng x:
*

v
;

v
* Cc nguyn t khi: Fe = 55,85; Ca = 40,08; Al = 27; Na = 23;
8

Mg = 24; Cu = 64; Cl = 35,5; S = 32; O = 16; C = 12; H = 1

* Hng s kh:
;

S GIO DC V O
TO
KIN GIANG

KTHI HC SINH GII CP TNH GII TON TRN MY TNH

CASIO
NM HC 2012 2013

Ngy thi: 01/11/2012

MN THI: HA (Thi gian: 120 pht)

Cu 1.
1. X l nguyn t thuc nhm A, hp cht kh vi hidro c dng XH 3. Electron
cui cng trn nguyn t X c tng 4 s lng t bng 4,5.
a/ Xc nh nguyn t X, vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t.
b/ Vit cng thc cu to, d on trng thi lai ho ca nguyn t trung tm
trong phn t XH3, oxit bc cao nht, hidroxit bc cao nht ca X.
2. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Ca 200C, bit ti nhit khi
lng ring ca Ca bng 1,55 g/cm 3. Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Ca
c hnh cu, c c kht l 74%. Cho nguyn t khi ca Ca = 40,08
Cu 2.
1. Tinh th ng kim loi c cu trc lp phng tm din.
a) Hy v cu trc mng t bo c s v cho bit s nguyn t Cu cha trong
t bo s ng ny
b) Tnh cnh lp phng a() ca mng tinh th, bit nguyn t Cu c bn
knh bng 1,28
c) Xc nh khong cch gn nht gia hai nguyn t Cu trong mng
d) Tnh khi lng ring ca Cu theo g/cm 3
2. Trn 100ml dung dch Na2SO4 0,00075M vi 50 ml dung dch BaCl2 0,015M.
Kt ta c xut hin khng? Khi no kt ta khng sinh ra na? Cho T(BaSO 4)
= 1,1.10-10
Cu 3.
1. Cho 24,696 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Cu vo 210ml dung dch
HNO3 3,4M khuy u thy thot ra mt kh duy nht khng mu, ho nu
trong khng kh, trong dung dch cn d mt kim loi cha tan ht. tip t
t dung dch H2SO4 2,5M vo, cht kh trn li thot ra cho n khi kim loi va
tan ht th mt ng 92,4ml dung dch axit, thu c dung dch A (bit A c
th lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4). Ly dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH long va , lc kt ta, ri nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c cht rn B nng 16,38 gam. Tnh % khi lng mi kim
loi trong hn hp. Xem Cu(OH)2 khng tan trong dung dch NaOH long.
2. Trong mt bnh kn c cha N2 (1M), H2 (4M) v xc tc (th tch khng ng
k). Thc hin phn ng nhit t0c v p sut p .Khi h t n trng thi
cn bng th psut l 0,8p, nhit vn l t0c. Hy tnh:
a) Hng s cn bng ca phn ng
b) Hiu sut ca phn ng
10

Cu 4.
1. Hn hp gm FeCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2 ha tan trong nc c dung dch
X. Cho X tc dng vi Na2S d tch ra mt lng kt ta m
1. Nu cho mt lng d H2S tc dng vi X tch ra mt lng kt ta m 2.
Thc nghim cho bit m 1 = 2,51m2. Nu gi nguyn lng cc cht MgCl2,
CuCl2 trong X v thay FeCl3 bng FeCl2 cng lng ri ha tan trong nc th
c dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi Na2S d tch ra mt lng kt ta m 3.
Nu cho mt lng d H2S tc dng vi Y tch ra mt lng kt ta m4. Thc
nghim cho bit m 3 = 3,36m4. Xc nh % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp
ban u.
2. Mt khong cht c cha 20,93% Nhm; 21,7% Silic v cn li l oxi v
Hidro (v khi lng). Hy xc nh cng thc ca khong cht ny.
Cu 5.
1. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi trn ln 50,0 ml dung dch NH 4Cl 0,200
M vi 75,0 ml dung dch NaOH 0,100 M. Bit Kb(NH3) = 1,8.10-5
2. Cho phn ng phn hy CaCO3(r) CaO(r) + CO2(k). Cho bit
2980K: Hopu = +178,32 kJ; So = +160,59 J/K
a) Phn ng c t din bin 250C khng?
b) Phn ng c t din bin 8500C khng?
Cu 6:
Hn hp A gm 3 este n chc, mch thng, to thnh t cng mt ancol B
vi 3 axit hu c, trong c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit
khng no cha mt lin kt i. X phng ho hon ton 14,7 gam A bng
dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp mui v p gam ancol B. Cho p gam ancol
B vo bnh ng natri d, sau phn ng c 2,24 lt kh thot ra v khi
lng bnh ng natri tng 6,2 gam. Mt khc tchy hon ton 14,7 gam A,
thu c 13,44 lt CO2 v 9,9 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca tng
este trong A. (Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun).

11

 casio tnh Vnh Phc

Cu 1: Hp cht A c dng MXa c tng s ht proton l 77. S ht mang in trong M
nhiu hn s ht mang in trong X l 18 ht. Trong A s proton ca X ln hn s
prtn ca M l 25 ht
a) Xc nh CTPT ca A
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca M v X
Cu 2: Mt mu c tm thy vi thnh phn 13,2 mg U238 v 2,06 mg Pb206.
Bit trong qu trnh phn r U238 thnh Pb206 c ch k phn r l 4,51.109 (nm).
Tnh tui ca mu .
Cu 3: Mt cht c ng dng rng ri ti cc vng qu c thnh phn % v khi lng
cc nguyn t K, Al, S, ln lt l 8,228% , 5,696% , 13,502% cn li l oxi v hiro.
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht bit trong cht S c s oxi ha cao nht
Cu 4: Tinh th Vng kim loi c cu trc lp phng tm din. di cnh ca
mng c s l 4,07.10-10(m)
a) Hy v cu trc mng t bo c s v cho bit s nguyn t Au cha trong t bo
s ng ny
b) Tnh bn knh nguyn t Au
c) Tnh % khng gian trng trong mng li tinh th Au
Cu 5: Cho dung dch CH3COOH 0,01M (dung dch A)
1. Tnh PH ca dung dch A
2. cho vo 1 lt dung dch A 0,001 mol CH3COOH th dung dch thu c c pH bng
bao nhiu bit Ka(CH3COOH ) = 10-4,76
Cu 6: Bit rng mono clobenzen c momen lng cc 1 = 1,53 D. Anilin c momen
lng cc 2 = 1,60 D
Hy tnh momen lng cc ca o- Clo anilin , m- Clo anilin v p- Clo anilin
Cu 7: Hn hp gm FeCl3, MgCl2 v CuCl2 ha tan trong nc c dung dch X.
Cho X tc dng vi dung dch Na2S d tch ra mt lng kt ta m1. Nu cho mt
lng d H2S tc dng vi X thu c lng kt ta m2. thc nghim cho bit m1 =
2,51m2. nu thay FeCl3 trong X bng FeCl2 cng khi lng ri ha tan trong nc
c dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d Na2S thy tch ra lng kt ta m3.
Nu cho mt lng d H2S i qua dung dch Y thu c lng kt ta m4. Thc

12

nghim cho bit m3 = 3,36m4. Xc nh phn trm khi lng cc mui tron hn hp
u
Cu 8: Cho phn ng

2HCl(k)

H2 (k) + Cl2 (k)

a) Tnh hng s cn bng Kp ca phn ng trn 2000K. Bit rng in li ca HCl

nhit ny l 4,1.10-3
b) 1000K phn ng c Kp = 4,9 10-11. Tnh H0 ca phn ng bit H0 khng
thay i trong khong nhit xt.
Cu 9: cho 7,02 gam hn hp gm Al, Fe v Cu vo dung dch HCl d (ng trong bnh
A) thy cn li cht rn B v phn kh. Cho ton b sn phm kh qua ng s ngCuO
nung nng thy khi lng ng ng CuO gim 2,72g. Thm vo bnh A mt lng d
mt mui Na, un nh thu c 0,896 lt kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh.
a) Tnh % khi lng cc cht c trong hn hp
b) Tnh lng mui Na ti thiu phi dng ha tan cht rn B (Ch trong A gm
c phn rn v dung dch)
Cu 10: Mt hn hp gm hai Hrocacbon mch h, trong phn t mi cht cha
khng qu mt lin kt ba. S nguyn t cacbon ti a trong mi cht l 7. t chy
0,05 mol hn hp thu c 0,25 mol CO2 v 0,23mol nc.Xc nh cng thc phn t
ca hai Hirocacbon
* Hng s phng x: k =

t=

* G = H TS ; G = RTlnK v ln
* Cc nguyn t khi: Fe = 55,85; Ca = 40,08; Al = 27; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Cu = 64
Cl = 35,5; S = 32; O = 16; C = 12; H = 1
* Hng s kh: R = 8,314 J.K-1.mol-1; p = 1atm = 1,013. 105 Pa

; NA = 6,022. 1023

13

 thi d b Vnh Phc

K THI GII TON TRN MY TNH CM TAY NM 2008
Mn: HA HC Lp 12 cp THPT (150 pht)

Cu 1. Cu hnh electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 5p . T s

ntron v in tch ht nhn bng 1,3962. S ntron ca X bng 3,7 ln s ntron ca
nguyn t thuc nguyn t Y. Khi cho 4,29 gam Y tc dng vi lng d X thu c
18,26 gam sn phm c cng thc XY. Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca X, Y v vit cu
hnh electron ca Y.
Cu 2: Mt mu than ly t hang ng ca ngi Plinxian c ti Ha Oai c tc l
13,6 phn hy 14C trong 1 giy tnh vi 1,0 gam cacbon. Bit trong 1,0 gam cacbon
ang tn ti c 15,3 phn hy 14C trong 1 giy v chu k bn hy ca 14C l 5730 nm
. Hy cho bit nin i ca mu than ?
Cu 3: Mt khong cht c cha 20,93% Nhm; 21,7% Silic v cn li l oxi v Hidro
(v khi lng). Hy xc nh cng thc ca khong cht ny.
Cu 4: St dng (Fe) kt tinh trong mng lp phng tm khi, nguyn t c bn
knh r = 1,24 . Hy tnh:
a) S nguyn t trong mt t bo s ng
b) Cnh a ca t bo s ng
c) T khi ca Fe theo g/cm3.
d) Khong cch ngn nht gia hai nguyn t Fe
Cu 5: Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe 200C, bit ti nhit khi
lng ring ca Fe bng 7,87 g/cm3. Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Fe c hnh
cu, c c kht l 68%.
Cho nguyn t khi ca Fe=55,85
Cu 6: Clobenzen c momen lng cc 1 = 1,53 D (1 hng t nhn ra ngoi);
anilin c momen lng cc 2 = 1,60D (2 hng t ngoi vo nhn benzen). Hy tnh
ca ortho cloanilin; meta cloanilin v para cloanilin.
Cu 7:
a) Tnh pH ca dung dch HCl nng 0,5.10-7 mol/lt.
b) Tnh pH ca dung dch X c to thnh khi trn 200ml dung dch HA 0,1M (Ka =
10-3.75) vi 200ml dung dch KOH 0.05M; pH ca dung dch X thay i nh th no khi

14

thm 10-3 mol HCl vo dung dch X.

Cu 8: Ti 250C, phn ng:
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O c hng s cn bng K = 4

CH3COOH + C2H5OH

Ban u ngi ta trn 1,0 mol C2H5OH vi 0,6 mol CH3COOH. Tnh s mol este thu
c khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng.
Cu 9: Cho 23,52g hn hp 3 kim loi Mg, Fe, Cu vo 200ml dung dch HNO3 3,4M
khuy u thy thot ra mt kh duy nht hi nng hn khng kh, trong dung dch cn
d mt kim loi cha tan ht, tip t t dung dch H2SO4 5M vo, cht kh trn li
thot ra cho dn khi kim loi va tan ht th mt ng 44ml, thu c dd A. Ly 1/2 dd
A, cho dd NaOH cho n d vo, lc kt ta, ra ri nung ngoi khng kh n khi
lng khng i thu c cht rn B nng 15,6g.
a) Tnh % s mol mi kim loi trong hn hp.
+

b) Tnh nng cc ion (tr ion H , OH ) trong dung dch A.

Cu 10: Cho cc s liu nhit ng ca mt s phn ng sau 298K
o

S phn ng Phn ng H 298 (kJ)

(1) 2NH3 + 3N2O 4N2 + 3H2O 1011
(2)

N2O + 3H2

N2H4 + H2O 317

(3) 2NH3 + 0,5O2 N2H4 + H2O 143

(4)

H2 + 0,5 O2 H2O 286

o
o
S 298 (N2H4) = 240 J/K.mol ; S 298 (H2O) = 66,6 J/K.mol
o
o
S 298 (N2) = 191 J/K.mol ; S 298 (O2) = 205 J/K.mol

a) Tnh nhit to thnh Ho298 ca N2H4 ; N2O v NH3.

o

b) Vit phng trnh ca phn ng chy Hidrazin v tnh Ho298 , G 298 v hng s
cn bng K ca phn ng ny.

* Hng s phng x: k =

t = ; G = H TS ; G = RTlnK v ln

* Cc nguyn t khi: Fe = 55,85; Ca = 40,08; Al = 27; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Cu = 64;

Cl = 35,5; S = 32; O = 16; C = 12; H = 1

* Hng s kh: R = 8,314 J.K-1.mol-1; p = 1atm = 1,013. 105 Pa

; NA = 6,022. 1023

15

16

17

CHNG 1 DY S, TNG CA DY S V DY TRUY HI

Nhiu bi ton thc t (sinh hc, kinh t,...) v ton hc (tnh gn
ng nghim ca phng trnh,...) c m t bi phng trnh sai
phn v cc dy truy hi. Mt khc, cc dy truy hi d dng c
thc hin trn my tnh qua cc php lp. V vy cc bi tp v dy
truy hi kh ph bin trong cc thi Gii ton trn my tnh. Vi
phm bm PreAns , CASIO fx-570VN PLUS c th tr gip c
lc gii cc bi tp v dy truy hi, hn hn cc my tnh khc.

1 Dy Fibonacci v dy Lucas
Bi 1 (B Gio dc v o to, lp 12 B tc THPT, 11.3.2011)
Dy s

an

c xc nh nh sau: a1 5, a2 3, an2 4an1 5an vi

mi n nguyn dng. Tnh tng 12 s hng u ca dy s .

Bi 2 (B Gio dc v o to, Trung hc C s, 2007-2008)
Cho dy s : U1 2 ; U 2 3 ; Un 1 3Un 2Un-1 3 vi n 2.
1) Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh U n 1 trn my tnh cm tay.
2) Tnh U3 , U4 , U5 , U10 v U19 .
Bi 3 (Chn i tuyn. S Gio dc v o to thp H Ch Minh, 2003)
Cho u1 = 17, u2 = 29 v un+2 = 3un+1 + 2un (n 1). Tnh u15.
Bi 4 (Phng Gio dc o to huyn Bo Lm, Lm ng, 2004)
1) Cho u1 1,1234; un1 1,0123un

(n N ; n 1) . Tnh u50 .

3un2 13
(n N ; n 1) . Tnh u15 .
un2 5
3) Cho u0 3; u1 4; un 3un1 5un2 (n 2). Tnh u12 .
2) Cho u1 5; un 1

Bi 5 (S Gio dc v o to Ph Yn, lp 9, 2009-2010)

Cho dy s un c xc nh nh sau

18

u1 3, u2 2
.

un 3un 2 2un 1 , n 3
1) Vit 7 s hng u.
2) Vit quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh tch 7 s hng u tin.
Bi 6 (S Gio dc v o to Sc Trng, lp 9, 2008-2009)
Cho dy s: u1 2, u2 3,...., un2 3un 2un1; n 1,2,3,...
Tnh gi tr ca u20 , u21 v u22 .
Bi 7 (Thi th vng tnh, Trng THCS ng Nai-Ct Tin, 2004)
1) Cho dy u1 3; u2 11; un 1 8un 5un1

(n 2).

1a) Lp quy trnh bm phm tm s hng th u11 ca dy.

1b) Tm s hng u1 n u12 ca dy.

5un2
u
n 1 vi n 3.
3 un 1 2 un
2a) Lp quy trnh bm phm tm s hng th un ca dy.
2b) Tm s hng u8 ca dy.
2) Cho dy u1 u2 11; u3 15; un 1

Bi 8 (Phng Gio dc v o to Bo Lm, Lm ng, 2005)

1) Cho u1 1,1234; un1 1,0123.un

(n N ; n 1). Tnh u50 .

3un2 13
(n N ; n 1). Tnh u15 .
un2 5
3) Cho u0 3; u1 4; un 3un1 5un2 (n 2). Tnh u12 .
2) Cho u1 5; un 1

Bi 9 (Thi chn i tuyn Trng THCS ng Nai-Ct Tin, 2004)

Cho dy u1 5; u2 9; un 1 5un 4un1

(n 2).

1) Lp quy trnh bm phm tm s hng th un ca dy.

2) Tm s hng u14 ca dy.
Bi 10 (S Gio dc v o to Qung Ngi, lp 9, 2009-2010)

(1 2)n (1 2)n
,
2 2
1) Chng minh U n 2 2U n1 U n .
Cho dy s U n

n 1, 2,..., k.

2) Vit qui trnh bm phm tm s hng th n

19

Bi 11 (B Gio dc v o to, Trung hc C s, 2008-2009)

Cho dy s

1 2 1 2

vi n 1, 2,...
2 2
1) Chng minh rng: Un 1 2Un Un 1 vi n 1.
2) Lp quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh U n 1 theo U n v U n 1 vi
U1 1, U2 2.

Un

3) Tnh cc gi tr t U11 n U 20 .
Bi 12 (B Gio dc v o to, Trung hc c s, 2005)

3 2 3 2

Cho dy s un

.
2 2
Lp cng thc truy hi tnh un 2 theo un 1 , un .
Bi 13 (S GD v T Tha Thin Hu, Trung hc C s, 01.02. 2007)
1) Cho dy s vi s hng tng qut c cho bi cng thc :

6 2 7 6 2 7
n

un

4 7

vi n 1, 2, 3,

1a) Tnh u1, u2, u3, u4, u5, u6, u7, u8.
1b) Lp cng thc truy hi tnh un+1 theo un v un-1.
2) Hai dy s vi cc s hng tng qut c cho bi cng thc :

u1 1; v1 2

u n 1 22v n 15u n vi n 1, 2, 3,
v 17v 12u
n
n
n 1
2a) Tnh u5 , u10 , u15 , u18 , u19 ; v5 , v10 , v15 , v18 , v19 .
2b) Vit quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh u n 1 v v n 1 theo u n v v n .
Bi 14 (S Gio dc v o to Qung Nam, lp 9, 2009-2010)
1) Tnh chnh xc gi tr biu thc:

A (5 2 6)14 (5 2 6)14 .
2) Cho Sn 1 2 3 4 1

n 1

n.

Tnh tng S S2005 S2006 S2010 .

20

Bi 15 (Phng GD v T huyn B Trch, Qung Bnh, lp 9, 4.7.2008)

Cho dy s sp xp theo th t U1 , U 2 , U3 ,...,U n ,U n1 ,...
Bit U5 588; U 6 1084; U n1 3U n 2U n1. Tnh U1 ; U 2 .
Bi 16 (S Gio dc v o to ng Nai, lp 9, 2004-2005)
Cho cc s u1 , u2 ,..., un , un1 ,... tha mn un un1 un2 , n 1 v

u2 3; u50 30.
Tnh gi tr ca S u1 u2 u3 ... u48 .
Bi 17 (Chn i tuyn thi khu vc, S GD v T Lm ng, 2004)
Cho u1 u2 7; un1 un2 un21. Tnh u7 .

2 Tnh tng
Bi 1 (S GD v T Thp H Ch Minh, vng chung kt, 24.11.1996)
Mt hnh vung c chia thnh 16 (mi cnh 4 ). th nht c t mt
ht thc, th nh c t 2 ht, th ba c t 4 ht,... v t lin tip nh
vy n cui cng. Tnh tng ht thc c t vo 16 ca hnh vung.
Bi 2 (S GD v T Thp H Ch Minh, vng 1, cp THPT, 15.3.1996)
Mt cp s nhn c s hng u u1 1,678 , cng bi q

9
. Tnh tng S17
8

ca 17 s hng u tin (kt qu ly 4 s l).

Bi 3 (S Gio dc v o to ng Nai, lp 9, 2003-2004)
Mt ng trn ni tip trong mt hnh vung c cnh bng 2,3358909 , sau
ni tip trong hnh trn mt hnh vung v qu trnh c tip din nh
th mi. Nu gi S n l tng cc din tch ca n hnh trn u tin ni tip nh
th. Tnh S 20 .
Bi 4 (S Gio dc v o to Qung Ngi, lp 9, 2009-2010)
Cho tam gic u th nht cnh a c din tch l S1, ni trung im cc cnh
ca tam gic u th nht ta c tam gic u th hai c din tch l S 2, ni
trung im cc cnh ca tam gic u th hai ta c tam gic u th ba c
din tch l S3. Lm tng t ta c tam gic u th n c din tch l Sn.
1) Lp cng thc tnh S = S1+S2+ +Sn theo a.
2) p dng: Tnh S vi n = 20; a = 301cm.
21

Bi 5 (S Gio dc v o to Tha Thin Hu, lp 9, 01.12. 2006)

1
1 1
1
Cho dy s un 1
1 1 1 n .

Tnh u5 (chnh xc) v u10, u15, u20 (gn ng).

Bi 6 (S GD v T Tha Thin Hu, Trung hc C s, 01.02. 2007)
Tnh tng: S

1
2
99
100 .

...

2.3 3.4
100.101 101.102

L y nguyn k t qua hi n trn mn hnh.

Bi 7 (S Gio dc v o to ng Nai, lp 9, 2004-2005)
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc

(8,18012004)24 (8,18012004)20 (8,18012004)16 ... (8,18012004)4 1

.
(8,18012004)26 (8,18012004)24 (8,18012004)22 ... (8,18012004)2 1

Bi 8 (S Gio dc v o to ng Nai, lp 9, 2004-2005)

Tnh tng

S 1!.3 2!.7 3!.13 ... k !(k 2 k 1) ... 12!(122 12 1).

Bi 9 (S Gio dc v o to Qung Nam, lp 8, 2009-2010)
Cho S

1
1
1
1

...
.
1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9
2003.2005.2007

1) Tnh gn ng S .
2) Tnh ng S (biu din di dng phn s).
Bi 10 (S Gio dc v o to Qung Nam, lp 8, 2009-2010)
Cho dy un xc nh bi:

1
1
1
1
1
1
;
u2

;
u3

1.3.5
1.3.5 3.5.7
1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9
1
1
1
un

...
(n 1, 2,3..)
1.3.5 3.5.7
(2n 1)(2n 1)(2n 3)
u1

1) Lp qui trnh bm phm tnh s hng tng qut un .

2) Tnh ng gi tr u50 , u60 .
3) Tnh ng u1002 .
Bi 11 (B Gio dc v o to, Trung hc C s, 11.3.2011)
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc sau
22

1
1
1
1

...
.
1.2.3.4 2.3.4.5 3.4.5.6
2011.2012.2013.2014

Bi 12 (S Gio dc v o to Tuyn Quang, lp 12 THPT 19.10.2011)

Gi Sn = 1
Chng minh:

1 1
1
... vi n N.
2 3
n
1
1
1
1
2 2 ... 2 2.
2
S1 2S2 3S3
nSn

Bi 13 (Phng GD v T huyn B Trch, Qung Bnh, lp 9, 4.7.2008)

Tnh

1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
S 1 1 1 ... 1 ...
10
2 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 4
chnh xc n 4 ch s thp phn.
Bi 14 (Chn i tuyn thi khu vc, S GD v T Lm ng, 2004)
Cho k a1 a2 a3 a100 v ak

2k 1
. Tnh k .
(k 2 k ) 2

3 Tnh theo dy truy hi

Bi 1 (B Gio dc v o to, Trung hc C s, 2008-2009)
Cho dy s xc nh bi cng thc :

3 13x 2n
x n 1
vi x1 0, 09 , n 1, 2,...
1 x 2n
1) Vit quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh x n 1 theo x n .
2) Tnh x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 , x 6 (vi 10 ch s trn mn hnh).
3) Tnh x100 , x 200 (vi 10 ch s trn mn hnh).
Bi 2 (B Gio dc v o to, Trung hc C s, 2007-2008; Phng Gio dc
v o to huyn ng Triu, Lp 9, 2011-2012)
Cho dy s a0 1 ; an 1

an2 an 1 1

vi n 0; 1; 2; 3;
an
1) Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh an 1 trn my tnh cm tay;
2) Tnh a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 , a10 v a15 .
Bi 3 (S Gio dc v o to Ph Yn, Trung hc Ph thng, 10.2.2009)
23

1 2 3 4
, ..., .
4 9 16 25

Cho tp hp cc s v hn sau: P , ,
1) Vit cng thc s hng tng qut .
2) Tnh s hng th 35.

3) Vit quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh tng 30 s hng u tin.

Bi 4 (S Gio dc v o to Sc Trng, lp 9, 2008-2009)
Cho dy s c s hng tng qut U n 1 i.

n 1
n2

( i 1 nu n l, i 1 nu n chn, n l s nguyn n 1).

Tnh tng 20 s hng u tin ca dy s.
Bi 5 (B Gio dc v o to, Trung hc Ph thng, 11.3.2011)
Tnh gn ng gii hn ca dy U n 5 5 3 5 ... 3 5 ( n du cn).
3

Tm n0 vi mi n n0 th un gn nh khng thay i (ch xt n chn ch

s thp phn), cho bit gi tr u2010 . Nu qui trnh bm phm tnh un . Tm n0
vi mi n n0 th un c phn nguyn v chn ch s thp phn ngay sau
du phy l khng i. Tnh gi tr u2011. Vit qui trnh gii.
Bi 6 (Phng Gio dc v o to huyn ng Triu, Lp 9, 2011-2012)
Cho dy s: vn

1
u1 u2

1
u2 u3

...

1
un1 un

, trong :

u1 1; un un1 2 (n 1).
1) Tm cng thc tnh vn theo n ( n 1 ).
2) Tnh gi tr v2010 .

Tc l, c th khai bo ma trn A vi tt c 9 kch thc t 1 1

n 3 3. Cn khai bo ma trn vi kch thc no, ta bm vo s
tng ng. Th d, khi bm s 1 trong ma trn 3 3 , mn hnh s
hin cc ca ma trn A ta khai bo.
24

 1 2 3

khai bo ma trn A 4 2 1 , ta lm nh sau.

0 5 4

M my: ON Vo chng trnh ma trn: MODE 6

Khai bo ma trn A : 1 Khai bo s chiu ca A l 3 3: 1
Khai bo cc h s ca A :
1

3 4 2

0 5 4

Sau khi khai bo ma trn A, ta bm SHIFT 4 tip tc khai

bo ma trn B . Bm SHIFT 4 , mn hnh hin:
1: Dim

2: Data

Bm phm 2 (Data-D liu). Mn hnh hin:

Matrix?
1: MatA

2: MatB

3: MatC

1 1

Bm phm 2 chun b khai bo ma trn B 2 3 c s

3 1

chiu l 3 2 . Mn hnh hin:

MatrixB m n

m n?

1: 3 3

2: 3 2

3: 3 1

4: 2 3

5: 2 2

5: 2 1

25

Bm phm 2 , tc l khai bo B c s chiu l 3 2. Mn hnh

hin bng ma trn. Khai bo cc h s ca ma trn B :
1

Bm phm AC a mn hnh v ch tnh ton ma trn. Sau

bm phm SHIFT 4 , mn hnh hin:
1: Dim

2: Data

3: MatA

4: MatB

5: Mat C

6: MatAns

7: Det

8: Trn

Mun tnh g, ta phi s dng bng ny. Th d, tnh tch AB ca

hai ma trn A v B : Bm phm 3 (gi ma trn A )

SHIFT 4 (tr v tnh ton vi ma trn). Bm phm 4 (gi

ma trn B ). Mn hnh hin
MatA MatB
0

Ans
Bm phm c kt qu:

22 2
5 9 .

22 19

Mun lm vic khc ta phi bm phm AC SHIFT 4 tr v

bng tnh ton ma trn v tip tc thc hin tnh ton.
Th d 1.1 Nhn ma trn B vi mt s, th d, vi 5, ta phi:
Bm phm 4 (gi ma trn B ) ri bm phm 5 c kt qu:
26

Ans
1.

3 5
10 15 .

15 5

Kt lun Vi Viacal 570 ES Plus, ta c th lm vic vi cc ma

trn cp m n, trong m, n 1,2,3,4. Cc my khc ch cho
php tnh ton ma trn khng qu cp 3 3.
Bi tp
Tnh bng tay v tnh trn my
Bi 1 Tnh tng cc ma trn (bng tay v tnh trn my)
Cho
3 2 2 5
1 2 4 2
1 3 4 7
,C
A
, B

4 3 4 1
5 3 4 2
2 5 6 3

Tnh A B, 2 A 3B C, 3 A 2B 2C.
Bi 2 Tnh tch cc ma trn AB v BT AT (bng tay v tnh trn
my). So snh kt qu, bit

1 3 4 7
;

2
5
6
3

2. A

1
2
B
2

3 4 7
5 6 3
.
1 2 1

4 1 2

3. Bi 3 Tnh cc nh thc bc ba (bng tay v trn my):

27

2
4. 1) 5

3 2 ; 2) 2

1;

2 4
5 3 1

2
3) 1

1 3 2

3
2

2
3;

4)

4 2 3

2 1 1.
1 3 2
Bi 4 Tnh cc nh thc bc bn (bng tay v trn my):

1 2 3 4
1)

4 3 2 1
1 2 2 1
3 2 1 2

4
;

2)

2 2

2 2 1

3
4

1
1

2
3

3
2

5
;

3)

3 2

1 2 5 3
3
2

1
1

4 3
1 2

CHNG 3
GII H PHNG TRNH BC NHT BN N

1 H phng trnh bc nht bn n

nh ngha 1 H phng trnh bc nht bn n l h phng trnh

a11 x1 a12 x2 a13 x3 a14 x4 b1 ,

a x a x a x a x b ,
21 1 22 2
23 3
24 4
2

a31 x1 a32 x2 a33 x3 a34 x4 b3 ,

a41 x1 a42 x2 a43 x3 a44 x4 b4 ,

(1)

trong xi , i 1,2,3,4 l cc n (cc s cn tm), bi , i 1,2,3,4 l

cc h s t do, aij , i 1,2,3,4; j 1,2,3,4 l cc h s.
Cch gii 1 (Phng php Gauss) Mt trong nhng cch gii h
(1) n gin nht l phng php Gauss a h (1) v dng tam
gic trn (hoc tam gic di)
28

 A11 x1 0 x2 0 x3 0 x4 B1 ,
A x A x 0x 0x B ,
21 1
22 2
3
4
2

A31 x1 A32 x2 A33 x3 0 x4 B3 ,

a41 x1 a42 x2 a43 x3 a44 x4 b4 ,

(2)

nh php cng i s.
lm c iu ny, ta phi nhn phng trnh cui vi cc h
s tng ng v cng vi ba phng trnh trn c dng

a11 x1 a12 x2 a13 x3 0 x4 b1,

a x a x a x 0 x b ,
21 1 22 2
23 3
4
2

a31 x1 a32 x2 a33 x3 0 x4 b3,

a41 x1 a42 x2 a43 x3 a44 x4 b4 ,

(3)

Tip tc lm nh vy cho h

a11 x1 a12 x2 a13 x3 b1,

x2 a23
x3 b2 ,
a21 x1 a22
a x a x a x b
33 3
3
31 1 32 2

(4)

ta s i n h (2).
T phng trnh u ca h (2) ta suy ra x1

B1
(khi A11 0 ).
A11

Bng phng php th, ln lt t phng trnh th hai, th ba,

th t, ta tm c nt cc nghim x2 , x3 , x4 .
Qu trnh ny nu lm bng tay s mt kh nhiu thi gian (v d
nhm ln). V vy n c lp trnh v gii t ng trn my.
H (2) cng cho php chng ta bin lun phng trnh, tc l ch ra
vi h s bng ch, khi no h (1) c duy nht nghim, khng c
nghim hoc c v s nghim.
Ch

29

T tng chung ca phng php Gauss l a h phng trnh

bn n v ba n, a h ba n v hai n, v a h hai n v mt
n. Trong mt s bi tp, c th ch sau mt bc, ta a h bn
n v h hai n. Khi y ta b qua mt bc bin i.
Th d 1 Gii h phng trnh bc nht bn n

2 x 2 y z t 2,
4 x 3 y z 2t 3,

8 x 5 y 3 z 4t 6,
3x 3 y 2 z 2t 3.
Gii Nhn phng trnh u vi 2, 4, 2 ri cng tng ng
vi cc phng trnh sau ta c:

2 x 2 y z t 2,
2 x 2 y z t 2,
4 x 3 y z 2t 3,
0 x y z 0t 1,

8 x 5 y 3z 4t 6,
0 x 3 y z 0t 2,
3x 3 y 2 z 2t 3.
x y 0 z 0t 1.

y z 1,
3 y z 2.

Ta c ngay h hai n

1
1
v z . Thay vo phng trnh
2
2
1
1
cui ta c x . Thay vo phng trnh u ta c t .
2
2
Gii h ny ta c y

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

p s: x ; y ; z ; t .

2 Gii h phng trnh bc nht bn n trn Vinacal 570 ES

Plus

30

Vinacal 570 ES Plus c ci t chng trnh gii h phng

trnh bc nht bn n. y l mt trong nhng tnh nng vt tri
ca Vinacal 570 ES Plus.
gii h phng trnh tuyn tnh hai, ba hoc bn n trn Vinacal
570 ES Plus, ta phi m my bng phm ON , vo MODE 5
(gii phng trnh v h phng trnh). Mn hnh hin:

1:
2:

2
3

unknown
unknown

EQN
EQN

3:

unknown

EQN

Du trn u bn phi mn hnh lu : Nu dng phm trn

REPLAY th mn hnh hin tip:

1: aX 2 +bX+c=0
2 : aX3 +bX 2 +cX+d=0
C ngha l, chng trnh gii phng trnh bc hai v bc ba
c ci t trn Vinacal 570 ES Plus.
Nh vy, cho php gii phng trnh bc hai v bc ba, cc h
phng trnh bc nht hai, ba hoc bn n.
Di y hng dn s dng gii phng trnh bc nht bn n
trn Vinacal 570 ES Plus.
Th d 1 Gii h phng trnh bc nht bn n

2 x 2 y z t 2,
4 x 3 y z 2t 3,

8 x 5 y 3 z 4t 6,
3x 3 y 2 z 2t 3.

31

Gii M my: ON , vo MODE 5 (gii phng trnh v h

phng trnh). Bm phm 3 (gii h phng trnh bc nht bn
n). Ln lt khai bo cc h s:
2 2

3
(Y

1 2 4 3

4 6 3 3

2 3 8 5

2 3 (X

1
)
2

1
1
1
) ( Z ) ( T ).
2
2
2
1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

p s: x ; y ; z ; t .
Nu ta cn gii nhiu h phng trnh bc nht bn n, th khng
cn vo lai m ch cn khai bo li h phng trnh.
Th d 1 Gii h phng trnh bc nht bn n

2 x 2 y z t 2,
4 x 3 y z 2t 3,

8 x 5 y 3 z 4t 6,
3x 3 y 2 z 2t 3.
Th d 2 Gii h phng trnh bc nht bn n

3x 2 y 5 z t 3,
4 x 3 y z 5t 3,

4t 3,
x 2 y
x y 4 z 9t 22.
Gii V ta ang sn

MODE 5 3 (gii h phng trnh bc

nht bn n), nn ch cn tr v mn hnh v khai bo li cc h s

ca phng trnh mi:

32

 2 5 1 3 4 3 1 5 3
1 2 0 4 3 1 1 4 9

22 ( X 1) ( Y 3 ) ( Z 2 ) ( T 2 ).
Ch 1
Khi h s bng 0 (h s ca n z phng trnh th ba), ta vn
phi khai bo h s l 0 , nu khng khai bo, my s bo li
hoc gii vi s liu vo sai, dn n p s sai (m nu khng
, th c tng l p s ng).
Ch 2
Khi s phng trnh nhiu hn 4, ta vn c th kt hp tay (bin
i v h bn phng trnh) v my gii.
Th d 1 Gii h phng trnh bc nht bn n

2 x 2 y z t 2,
4 x 3 y z 2t 3,

8 x 5 y 3 z 4t 6,
3x 3 y 2 z 2t 3.
Th d 2 Gii h phng trnh bc nht bn n

3x 2 y 5 z t 3,
4 x 3 y z 5t 3,

4t 3,
x 2 y
x y 4 z 9t 22.
Th d 3 Gii h phng trnh bc nht su n

33

2 x1 x2 1,
x 2 x x 1,
2
3
1
x2 2 x3 x4 1,

x3 2 x4 x5 1,
x4 2 x5 x6 1,

x5 2 x6 1.
Cch gii 1 Nhn phng trnh nm vi 2 ri cng vi phng
trnh th su, ta c:

2 x1 x2 1,
2 x1 x2 1,
2 x1 x2 1,
x 2 x x 1, x 2 x x 1, x 2 x x 1,
2
3
2
3
2
3
1
1
1
x2 2 x3 x4 1, x2 2 x3 x4 1, x2 2 x3 x4 1,

2
x

1,

2
x

1,
3
4
5
3
4
5

x3 2 x4 x5 1,
x4 2 x5 x6 1, x4 2 x5 x6 1, 2 x4 3x5 3,

x4 2 x5 x6 1.
x5 2 x6 1.
2 x4 3x5 3.
Nhn phng trnh th t vi 3 ri cng vi phng trnh th nm:

2 x1 x2 1,
2 x1 x2 1,
2 x1 x2 1,
x 2 x x 1,
x 2 x x 1,
x 2 x x 1,
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
3

1
x2 2 x3 x4 1,
x2 2 x3 x4 1,
x2 2 x3 x4 1,

x3 2 x4 x5 1,
x3 2 x4 x5 1,
3x3 4 x4 6,
2 x4 3x5 3,
3x3 4 x4 6,
x3 2 x4 x5 1,

x4 2 x5 x6 1. x4 2 x5 x6 1. x4 2 x5 x6 1.
2 x1 x2 1,
x 2 x x 1,

2
3
Gii h phng trnh bn n 1
trn my:

2
x

1,
3
4
2
3 x3 4 x4 6.

34

1 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 1
1 2 1 1 0 0 3 4 6

( X 3 ) ( Y 5 ) ( Z 6 ) ( T 6 ).
Tc l, x1 3; x2 5; x3 6; x4 6.
Thay vo phng trnh th t v th nm (hoc (6)) ca (1), ta
c x5 5 v x6 3.
Cch gii 2 (Kho lo) cng tt c cc phng trinh, ta c
x1 x6 6 hay x1 6 x6 . Ln lt thay vo cc phng trnh t
trn xung, ta c

x2 1 2 x1 11 2 x6 ; x3 x1 2 x2 1 15 3x6 ;
x4 x2 2 x3 1 18 4 x6 ; x5 x3 2 x4 1 20 5x6 .
Suy ra

x6 3; x5 20 5x6 5; x4 18 4 x6 6;
x2 11 2 x6 5; x1 6 x6 3.

x3 15 3x6 6;

Li bnh
Cch gii 2 (lm ton) hay, khng cn my tnh. Tuy nhin, Cch
gii 2 i hi phi nhn xt tinh t v tnh i xng ca h. Lm
ton hay hay lm tnh hay? C hai u hay!
Bi tp
Bi 2 Gii cc h phng trnh bc nht bn n sau y (bng tay
v trn my)

x y z t 35,
2 x y 3z 5t 70,

1)
x 2 y 3z 4t 0,
x y 4 z t 14.

x 2 y 4 z 3t 1,
x 2 y 5 z 2t 3,

2)
x 2 y 3z 4t 5,
2 x 4 y 10 z 4t 6.

35

Nhiu bi ton ca a thc a v gii h phng trnh ba hoc

bn n nh cc bi tp di y.
Bi 3 (Thi hc sinh gii Gii ton trn my tnh, S Gio dc v
o to Hi Phng, Trung hc c s, 2007-2008)
1) Tm a thc bc ba P(x) bit:

P 0 10; P 1 12; P 2 4; P 3 1.
2) Vi a thc P(x) tm c Cu 3.1, trnh by cch tm gi tr
ng ca P(2008).
Bi 4 (Thi hc sinh gii Gii ton trn my tnh, S Gio dc v
o to Tha Thin-Hu, Trung hc c s, 2005-2006)
Cho a thc P x ax3 bx 2 cx d . Bit :

P 1 27 ; P 2 125 ; P 3 343 ; P 4 735.

1) Tnh (kt qu chnh xc) cc gi tr

P 1 ; P 6 ; P 15 ; P 2006 .
2) Tm s d ca php chia P(x) cho 3x 5.
Bi 5 (Thi hc sinh gii Gii ton trn my tnh, S Gio dc v
o to k Nng, Trung hc c s, 2007-2008)
Tm mt a thc bc ba P( x) , bit rng khi chia P( x) cho x 1 ;

x 2 ; x 3 u c s d l 6 v P 1 18.
Bi 6 (Thi hc sinh gii Gii ton trn my tnh, B Gio dc v
o to, Trung hc c s, 2007-2008)
Cho a thc P( x) x 4 ax3 bx 2 cx d tha mn:

P(0) 12, P(1) 12, P(2) 0, P(4) 60.

1) Xc nh cc h s a, b, c ca P( x) .
2) Tnh P(2006) .
3) Tm s d trong php chia a thc P( x) cho 5x 6 .

36

Bi 7 (Thi chn i tuyn hc sinh gii Gii ton trn my tnh, S

Gio dc v o to Thi Nguyn, Trung hc c s, 2006-2007)
Bi 8 Cho a thc P x x 4 ax3 bx 2 cx d c

P 1 1, P 2 13, P 3 33, P 4 61.

Tnh P(5), P(6), P(7), P(8).
Bi 9 (Thi hc sinh gii Gii ton trn my tnh, S Gio dc v
o to Ph Yn, Trung hc c s, 2006-2007)
Cho a thc P( x) x5 ax 4 bx3 cx 2 dx e . Bit

P(1) 2 ; P(2) 9 ; P(3) 22 ; P(4) 41; P(5) 66 .

1) Tnh P(2007) .
2) Tm s d ca php chia a thc P(x) cho nh thc 3x 2 .
Bi 10 (Thi hc sinh gii Gii ton trn my tnh, B Gio dc v
o to, Trung hc c s, 2008-2009)
a thc P( x) x6 ax5 bx 4 cx3 dx 2 ex f c gi tr l 3;
0; 3; 12; 27; 48 khi x ln lt nhn cc gi tr tng ng l 1; 2;
3; 4; 5; 6.
1) Xc nh cc h s a, b, c, d , e, f ca P( x) .
2) Tnh gi tr ca a thc P( x) vi x 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17;
18; 19; 20.

37

KT LUN
Gii ton c kt hp gia t duy v suy lun ton hc vi s h tr
ca my tnh in t l mt xu hng t nhin trong thi i thng
tin. Nhiu bi ton kh (bi ton bn mu, bi ton xp cam, gi
thuyt Erds-Szekeres cho trng hp n 6 ,...) ch gii c (hay
mi ch gii c) nh my tnh.
Nh mt cng c h tr, my tnh ni chung, my tnh in t
khoa hc ni ring, c th tr gip hiu qu qu trnh dy v hc.
Nhiu vn khng d tip thu hoc khng d thc hnh ca ton
hc (nh thc, tnh ma trn ngc, gii h phng trnh, phn tch
mt s ra tha s nguyn t,...), c th d dng thc hin trn my
tnh, thm ch my tnh khoa hc nh Vinacal 570 ES Plus. Lm
quen vi my tnh ph thng, hc sinh d dng tip cn vi
nghin cu khoa hc bc i hc hn.
Cun sch mng ny s lc phc tho mt s tnh nng vt tri
ca Vinacal 570 ES Plus, nhm gip bn c c hng th v quan
tm s dng my tnh trong dy v hc. Tc gi c gng trnh by
l thuyt c ng, nhng bo m nhng kin thc cn thit
hiu v thc hnh s dng my mt cch ch ng, gip bn c
khng ch thnh tho tnh ton, m cn c bn hiu cc khi nim
ton hc, cc thut ton v chng trnh thc hin cc tnh ton y.
Hy vng bn c s t mnh tm thy nhiu ng dng th v khc
trong khi s dng Vinacal 570 ES Plus.
Nhm gip bn c c thm ti liu s dng my tnh in t khoa
hc, chng ti gii thiu mt s cun sch vit v vn ny. Hu
ht cc bi ton gii trong cc cun sch , u gii c thnh
cng, thm ch c nhiu bi vi cch gii ngn gn hn, trn
Vinacal 570 ES Plus

TI LIU THAM KHO

38

5. Nguyn Trng Chng: Gii phng trnh trn my tnh

in t, Nh xut bn Gio dc, 2001.
6. T Duy Phng: Gii ton trn my tnh in t. Nh xut
bn Gio dc, 2003, 2005.
7. T Duy Phng, Nguyn Th Thch: Cc thi hc sinh
gii Gii ton trn my tnh Casio 1996-2004. Nh xut bn
Gio dc, 2004, 2005.
8. T Duy Phng, Phm Th Hng L: Mt s dng ton thi
hc sinh gii Gii ton trn my tnh. Nh xut bn Gio
dc, 2005, 2006.
9. T Duy Phng: Hng dn s dng v thc hnh gii ton
trn my tnh in t Sharp. Nh xut bn Gio dc, Hfa
Ni, 2006.
10. T Duy Phng: Chuyn bi dng hc sinh gii Gii
ton trn my tnh in t: H m v ng dng. Nh xut
bn Gio dc, 2007.
11. T Duy Phng: Chuyn bi dng hc sinh gii Gii
ton trn my tnh in t: Ton thng k. Nh xut bn
Gio dc, 2007.
12. Trn Minh Chu, T Duy Phng, Nguyn Khc Ton,
Tuyn tp cc thi Gii ton trn my tnh (Trung hc C
s, 2003-2011), Nh xut bn Gio dc Vit Nam, 2013.
13. 3 Tm bi s chung nh nht vt qu 10 ch s

ca hai hay ba s trn CASIO fx-570VN PLUS

14. Khi BCNN ca hai hay nhiu s vt qu 10 ch s (vt
qu kh nng hin th ca mn hnh), ta phi dng th tc
lm l cc s ui bng cch b cc s u nh trong th d
di y.

39

15. Th d 3.1 (Thi hc sinh gii Gii ton trn my tnh. S

Gio dc o to Tha Thin-Hu, lp 8, 9, 11, 2005)
16. Cho ba s A =1193984; B =157993; C =38743.
17. Tm UCLN ca ba s A, B, C ;
18. Tm BCNN ca ba s A, B, C vi kt qu ng.
19. Cch gii 1 Ti gin phn s

A
:
B

2048
).
271
21. Vy UCLN ca A v B (k hiu l D bng):
20. 1193984

157993 = (

22. 1193984 2048 = (583) hay 157993 271 = (583).

C
: 38743
D
24. Vy UCLN( C , D ) bng:
23. Ti gin phn s

583 = (

731
).
11

25. 38743 731 = (53) hay 583 11 = (53).

26. Suy ra UCLN( A, B, C ) = UCLN( C , D ) = 53.
27. Gi E l bi chung nh nht ca A v B . Khi
28. E BCNN( A, B)

A B
= 323569664.
UCLN( A, B)

29. V UCLN( A, B, C ) = 53 nn UCLN( E , C ) = 53.

30. Vy bi chung nh nht ca A, B, C l:
31. BCNN( A, B, C ) BCNN( E, C) E C : UCLN( E , C )
= (323569664 38743) : 53 = 2.365294244 1011 .
32. Khi BCNN ca cc s vt qu 10 ch s th my cho p
s di dng ly tha. Ta phi tm cc s ui bng cch b
cc s u nh bm phm tip nh sau:
33. 2 10 x 11 = ( 3.6529424384 1011 ) 2 10 x 10 =
34. ( 6529424384 )
40

35. Vy BCNN( A, B, C ) =236529424384.

36. Cch gii 2 (trn CASIO fx-570VN PLUS )
37. Lnh

tnh

UCNN

ca

ba

s:

ALPHA GCD ALPHA GCD

38. Mn hnh hin GCD(GCD(.
39. Khai bo hai s A, B (ngn cch cc s bi phm

SHIFT , ). ng ngoc bi ) v khai bo C . Bm phm

= c kt qu.
40. Ton b qui trnh bm phm c vit li nh sau:
41. ALPHA GCD ALPHA GCD 1193984 SHIFT , 15
7993 ) SHIFT , 38743 = (53)
42. Khi BCNN ca cc s vt qu 10 ch s th my cho p
s chnh xc di dng mt s thp phn nhn vi ly tha
ca 10 m n, trong n l s t nhin. Ta phi dng th
tc lm l cc s ui bng cch b cc s u nh trong
th d di y.
43. Th d 3.2 Tm BCNN ca ba s 1193984, 157993, 38743
trn CASIO fx-570VN PLUS :
44. ALPHA LCM ALPHA LCM 1193984 SHIFT , 15
7993 ) SHIFT , 38743 = ( 2.365294244 1011 ) 2

10 x 11 = ( 3.6529424384 1011 ) 2 10 x 10 = (
6529424384 )
45. p s BCNN( A, B, C ) =236529424384.

MC LC
Trang
Li ni u.................................................................................. 4-5
41

Phn 1 Cc tnh nng vt tri ca CASIO fx-570VN PLUS

trong gii ton s hc.....................................6
Chng 1 Tm thng v s d............................................6
1 Tm thng v s d khi chia mt s t nhin a c khng qu
10 ch s cho mt s t nhin b .........................6
2 Tm thng v s d khi chia mt s t nhin a cho mt s t
nhin b khi a vt qu 10 ch s ...................11
Chng 2 Tm c s chung ln nht ca hai hay ba s trn
CASIO fx-570VN PLUS .............................................................16
1 Tm c s chung ln nht ca hai s ......16
2 Tm c s chung ln nht ca hai hay ba s khng vt qu 10
ch s trn CASIO fx-570VN PLUS ....17
Chng 3 Tm bi s chung nh nht ca hai hay ba s trn
CASIO fx-570VN PLUS .............................................................19
1 Tm bi s chung nh nht ca hai hay ba s...........19
2 Tm bi s chung nh nht ca hai hay ba s khng vt qu 10
ch s trn CASIO fx-570VN PLUS ................19
Chng 4 Phn tch mt s ra tha s nguyn t trn CASIO
fx-570VN PLUS ..........................................................................22
1 Phn tch mt s ra tha s nguyn t......................22
2 Phn tch mt s ra tha s nguyn t trn my tnh CASIO fx570VN PLUS ................................23
Phn 2 Cc tnh nng vt tri ca CASIO fx-570VN PLUS
trong gii ton i s v gii tch....................................27
42

Chng 1 Dy truy hi................................................................27

1 Cc bi ton c bn ......................................................27
2 Cc bi ton nng cao ......................................................38
Chng 2 Tnh ton vi ma trn................................................39
1 Cc khi nim c bn ca i s ma trn......................42
2 Tnh ton vi ma trn trn CASIO fx-570VN PLUS ....47
Chng 3 Gii phng trnh v h phng trnh............53
1 H phng trnh bc nht .....................................53
2 Gii phng trnh trn my tnh CASIO fx-570VN
PLUS..........................................................................................55
Chng 3 Tnh gii hn.......................................................57
Phn 4 Mt s tnh nng vt tri khc ca CASIO fx-570VN
PLUS .............................................................62
1 Ton thng k................................................................62
2 Mt s vn khc..............................................................65
Kt lun.................................................................................67
Ti liu tham kho...............................................................70

LI NI U
My tnh in t khoa hc CASIO fx-570VN PLUS l loi my c
nhng tnh nng gii ton tng i hon ho. CASIO fx-570VN
PLUS l th h my mi, kt hp c nhng tnh nng vt tri
ca CASIO fx-500MS, CASIO fx-570MS, CASIO fx-500ES,
43

CASIO fx-570ES, CASIO fx-570ES PLUS v CASIO fx-500 VN

PLUS trong cng mt my. CASIO fx-570VN PLUS c th gii
cc bi ton chia s hc rt thun tin: cc bi ton chia c d, tm
c s chung ln nht v bi s chung nh nht, phn tch mt s
ra tha s nguyn t. Ngoi ra, CASIO fx-570VN PLUS cn c
nhng tnh nng vt tri khc m cc my khc khng c: Gii
bt phng trnh, tm cc tr, lu nghim, phm Pr eAns rt
thun tin trong tnh truy hi...V vy CASIO fx-570VN PLUS c
th c s dng rt hiu qu trong gii ton ph thng v i hc.
Mc ch ca Ti liu ny l gii thiu cc tnh nng vt tri ca
CASIO fx-570VN PLUS khng ch trong thc hnh gii ton ph
thng, m cn c trong gii cc bi ton nng cao (thi hc sinh
gii). V vy, hy vng n cng c ch cho c cc sinh vin i hc
v cao ng, nht l cc sinh vin s phm Ton. Nhm gip bn
c cha bao gi s dng my tnh, khi trnh by cc qui trnh bm
phm, chng ti hng dn t m thc hnh cc thao tc.
Theo quan im ca tc gi, ph bin mt s loi my vi chc
nng tng ng hoc vt tri l c li cho ngi s dng. Vi
nhng u im v tnh nng khc nhau, cc loi my khc nhau c
th h tr v lin kt nhau, gip ngi s dng song song gii
quyt nhng vn m mt my khng c kh nng gii quyt
hoc i hi thao tc phc tp. Gii thiu t m nhng u im v
hn ch ca tng loi my c l cng phn no gi cc nh thit
k ci tin cc loi my hin c cho ra i nhng my tnh ph
hp hn vi ngi s dng, c bit l vi hc sinh, sinh vin v
gio vin ph thng.
Tc gi cng quan nim rng, vic s dng loi my c th no
trong ging dy khng qu quan trng, vn l cc ni dung ton
hc m my tnh chuyn ti nh mt thit b dy hc tr gip
truyn th kin thc. V vy, phn chnh ca cun sch l hng
44

dn s dng hiu qu my tnh trong hc tp. Cc th d v bi tp

c la chn nhm minh ha kh nng lm giu cc kin thc
ton hc nh my tnh, ch khng ch dng mc thc hnh
tnh ton. Hy vng cc bn s dng my tnh VINACAL,
SHARP hoc cc loi my CASIO khc cng c th tm thy
nhng iu th v trong ti liu ny.
Ti liu c bin son ph hp vi chng trnh Ton Trung hc
c s v Trung hc ph thng. Hy vng rng, vi mt lng v d
v bi tp nhiu trong cc Chng 2 v Chng 3, Ti liu c
th c cc gio vin, hc sinh v sinh vin tham kho, s dng
trong hc tp v ging dy.
Do hn ch v khun kh ca Ti liu, nhiu tnh nng ca CASIO
fx-570VN PLUS cn cha c khai thc ht. Hy vng bn c s
khm ph thm nhiu iu th v khi s dng CASIO fx-570VN
PLUS.
Rt mong nhn c v chn thnh cm n nhng kin ng gp
ca bn c. Th t trao i xin c gi v a ch sau: PGS TS
T Duy Phng, Vin Ton hc, 18 Hong Quc Vit, H Ni.
in thoi: 0983605756; e-mail: tdphuong@math.ac.vn
H Ni, 26 thng 8 nm 2013
Tc gi
CHNG 1 TNH TON VI MA TRN
Tnh ton ma trn l mt kin thc ton hc khng th thiu cho mi
sinh vin v k s. Vi hc sinh ph thng, tnh ton ma trn rt cn thit
trong gii h phng trnh bc nht (n bn n) khng ch trong ton
hc m cn trong vt l, ha hc,...
Trc tin chng ta nhc li cc khi nim c bn v ma trn.
1 Cc khi nim c bn ca i s ma trn
45

nh ngha 1 Ma trn cp m n l mt bng ch nht, gm m n s

thc (hoc phc) c sp xp theo m hng v n ct:

Amn

a11 a12
a
a22
21
... ...

am1 am 2

... a1n1
... a2 n1
... ...
... amn 1

a1n
a2 n
.
...

amn

Cc s aij , i 1,2,..., m; j 1,2,..., n c gi l cc phn t ca ma

trn.
Nu khng cn thit ch ra s hng v s ct, thay v vit Amn hay Amn ,

ngi ta ch vit ma trn A. Ngi ta cng hay k hiu A aij ,

i 1,..., m; j 1,..., n.
T

nh ngha 2 Ma trn chuyn v ca ma trn Amn , l ma trn Amn , nhn

c khi ta chuyn hng thnh ct v chuyn ct thnh hng ( T l du
chuyn v-Transpose).
Th d

1 2
1 2 3 4
2 1

T
A 2 1 0 5 , A
3 0
4 3 2 1

4 5

4
3
.
2

Cc php ton trn ma trn

Nhn mt s vi mt ma trn A c mt ma trn mi
cc phn t tng ng l aij .

A vi

Tnh cht:
1)

46

A A.

2)

A A A.

 v B

Tng ca hai ma trn Amn aij

mn

bij cng cp l mt ma

c cc phn t l tng ca cc phn t tng ng ca

trn Cmn cij

Amn v Bmn : cmm amn bmn .

Tnh cht:
1)
2)

A B C A B
A B A B .
mn

mn

mn

mn

mn

mn

mn

Tch ca hai ma trn

mn

Cmn Amn Bmn Cmn .

mn

Amn aij v Bnk bij l mt ma trn

Cmk cij c cc phn t l tch ca cc phn t tng ng ca dng

th i ca ma trn Amn vi cc phn t tng ng ca ct th j ca ma
n

trn Bmn : cij aipbpj , i 1,..., m; j 1,..., k .

p 1

Ta vit: C A B hoc C AB.

Th d Cho

1 1
1 2 3 4
2 3

.
A 2 1 0 5 , B

1
4 3 2 1

4 2
c11 11 2 2 3 3 4 4 22;
c12 1 1 2 3 3 1 4 2 6;
c21 2 1 1 2 0 3 5 4 20;
c22 2 1 1 3 0 1 5 2 9;
c31 4 1 3 2 2 3 1 4 20;
c32 4 1 3 3 2 1 1 2 17.

Vy

47

 22 6
C 20 9 .
20 17

Mt s tnh cht ca tch hai ma trn

Tnh cht 1 Amn Bnk Ckl Amn Bnk Ckl Amn Bnk Ckl .
Tnh cht 2) AB B A .
T

Tnh cht 2a) Php nhn tri: Amn Bmn Cnk AmnCnk Bnk Cnk .
Tnh cht 2b) Php nhn phi: Amn Bnk Cnk Amn Bnk AmnCnk .
Ch Php nhn hai ma trn AB ch thc hin c khi kch thc
ca hai ma trn A v B l tng thch, tc l s dng ca A phi bng
s ct ca B. V vy, php nhn hai ma trn ni chung khng c tnh
cht giao hon AB BA, thm ch AB (hoc BA ) c ngha, nhng

BA (hoc AB ) khng c ngha.

Ma trn vung
Mt lp ma trn quan trng l lp ma trn vung Ann , khi s hng bng
s ct. S m n c gi l cp hay kch thc ca ma trn. Ngoi cc
php ton chung ca ma trn, ma trn vung cn c nhng khi nim v
tnh cht quan trng sau y.
nh thc ca ma trn vung
nh thc ca ma trn vung l mt s, c k hiu l det A
(determinant) hay A . d hiu, ta xt cc nh thc ca ma trn
vung cp 2 v cp ba.

a11
a21

nh thc ca ma trn vung cp hai A

tnh theo cng thc det A a11a22 a21a12 .

48

a12
l mt s c
a22

 a11 a12

nh thc ca ma trn vung cp ba A a21 a22

a a
32
31

a13
a23 l mt s
a33

c tnh theo cng thc

det A a11

a22

a23

a32

a33

a12

a21 a23
a31

a33

a13

a21 a22
a31

a23

a11a22 a33 a11a32 a23 a12 a21a33 a12 a31a23 a13a21a23 a13a31a22 .
Nh vy, nh thc ca ma trn vung cp ba A c tnh bng cch
khai trin theo mt dng (hoc mt ct): ly phn t ca dng (vi du
cng hoc tr thay i lin tip, bt u l phn t a11 vi du cng)
nhn vi nh thc ca ma trn cp hai b vi phn t y (ngha l ma
trn nhn c t ma trn A bng cch xa cc dng v ct cha phn
t aij ).
nh thc ca ma trn vung cp bn c tnh tng t:

a11
a
det 21
a31

a41
a21
a13 a31

a12
a22

a13
a23

a32

a33

a42

a43

a22
a32

a24
a34

a41

a42

a44

a14
a22 a23 a24
a21 a23
a24
a a
a33 a34 a12 a31 a33
a34 11 32
a42 a43 a44
a41 a43

a44
a21 a22 a23
a14 a31 a32 a33 .
a41 a42

a24
a34
a44

a43

Ma trn nghch o
Ma trn nghch o ca ma trn vung An l ma trn vung Bn sao cho

An Bn Bn An I n , trong I n l ma trn n v (ma trn gm tt c

cc phn t trn ng cho bng 1 v tt c cc phn t ngoi ng

cho bng 0),

49

1
0

I n ...

0
0

0 ... 0 0
1 0 ... 0
... ... ... ... .

0 ... 1 0
0 ... 0 1
1

Ma trn nghch o ca ma trn vung A thng c k hiu l A .

Nh vy, AA A A I .
1

nh l Ma trn vung A c ma trn nghch o khi v ch khi

det A 0.
C mt s phng php v cng thc tnh ma trn nghch o m y
khng trnh by. Bn c c th hc tnh ton ma trn (tnh ma trn
nghch o, tnh nh thc,...) v gii h phng trnh tuyn tnh ni
ring, i s tuyn tnh ni chung theo cun sch:
L Tun Hoa: i s tuyn tnh qua cc v d & bi tp, Trong B sch
Ton cao cp-Vin Ton hc, Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia H Ni,
2005.
2 Tnh ton ma trn trn CASIO fx-570VN PLUS
Ni chung tnh ton vi ma trn, ngay c cc php ton n gin nht
(nhn hai ma trn), cng mt nhiu thi gian lm cc php ton nhn v
cng, v vy d nhm ln, cha ni n nhng tnh ton phc tp (tnh
nh thc, tnh ma trn ngc,...). My tnh c th thay ta thc hin cc
thao tc ny nhanh gn v chnh xc. CASIO fx-570VN PLUS c th tnh
ton ma trn n cp ba.
2.1 Khai bo cc ma trn M my v vo chng trnh tnh ton vi
ma trn nh bm phm ON MODE 6 . Mn hnh hin:
Matrix?
1:MatA
50

2: MatB

3: Mat C
Ngha l, ta c th khai bo v lm vic vi ba ma trn (matrix). Mun
khai bo ma trn A th bm phm 1 . Mn hnh hin
MatrixA m n

m n?

1: 3 3

2: 3 2

3: 3 1

4: 2 3

5: 2 2

5: 2 1

Nu bm phm th trn mn hnh xut hin

MatrixA m n
1: 1 3

m n?
2: 1 2

3: 1 1
Tc l, c th khai bo ma trn A vi tt c 9 kch thc t 1 1 n

3 3. Cn khai bo ma trn vi kch thc no, ta bm vo s tng

ng. Th d, khi bm s 1 trong ma trn 3 3 , mn hnh s hin cc
ca ma trn A ta khai bo.

1 2 3
khai bo ma trn A 4 2 1 , ta lm nh sau.

0 5 4

M my: ON Vo chng trnh ma trn: MODE 6

Khai bo ma trn A : 1 Khai bo s chiu ca A l 3 3: 1
Khai bo cc h s ca A :
1

3 4 2

0 5 4

51

Sau khi khai bo ma trn A, ta bm SHIFT 4 tip tc khai bo

ma trn B . Bm SHIFT 4 , mn hnh hin:
1: Dim

2: Data

Bm phm 2 (Data-D liu). Mn hnh hin:

Matrix?
1: MatA

2: MatB

3: MatC

1 1

Bm phm 2 chun b khai bo ma trn B 2 3 c s chiu

3 1

l 3 2 . Mn hnh hin:
MatrixB m n

m n?

1: 3 3

2: 3 2

3: 3 1

4: 2 3

5: 2 2

5: 2 1

Bm phm 2 , tc l khai bo B c s chiu l 3 2. Mn hnh hin

bng ma trn. Khai bo cc h s ca ma trn B :
1

Bm phm AC a mn hnh v ch tnh ton ma trn. Sau

bm phm SHIFT 4 , mn hnh hin:
1: Dim

2: Data

3: MatA

4: MatB

52

5: Mat C

6: MatAns

7: Det

8: Trn

Mun tnh g, ta phi s dng bng ny. Th d, tnh tch AB ca hai

ma trn A v B : Bm phm 3 (gi ma trn A ) SHIFT 4 (tr
v tnh ton vi ma trn). Bm phm 4 (gi ma trn B ). Mn hnh
hin
MatA MatB
0

Ans
Bm phm c kt qu:

22 2
5 9 .

22 19

Mun lm vic khc ta phi bm phm AC SHIFT 4 tr v

bng tnh ton ma trn v tip tc thc hin tnh ton.
Th d 1.1 Nhn ma trn B vi mt s, th d, vi

5, ta phi:

Bm phm 4 (gi ma trn B ) ri bm phm 5 c kt qu:

Ans
3 5
10 15 .

15 5

Kt lun Vi CASIO fx-570VN PLUS, ta c th lm vic vi cc ma

trn cp m n, trong m, n 1,2,3.
Bi tp
Bi 1 Tnh tng cc ma trn (bng tay v tnh trn my)

53

Cho

3 2 2 5
1 2 4 2
1 3 4 7
,C
A
, B

4 3 4 1
5 3 4 2
2 5 6 3
Tnh A B, 2 A 3B C, 3 A 2B 2C.
T

Bi 2 Tnh tch cc ma trn AB v B A (bng tay v tnh trn my).

So snh kt qu, bit

1 3 4 7
A
;
2 5 6 3

1
2
B
2

3 4 7
5 6 3
.
1 2 1

4 1 2

Bi 3 Tnh cc nh thc bc ba (bng tay v trn my):

3 2 ; 2) 2 2 1 ;
2 4 1
1 3 2

1) 5

5 3 1

2 3 2
3) 1 2 3 ;
4 2 3

4) 2

1 1.

1 3 2

Bi 4 Tnh cc nh thc bc bn (bng tay):

1 2 3 4
1)

4 3 2 1
1 2 2 1
3 2 1 2

4
;

2)

2 2

2 2 1

3
4

1
1

2
3

3
2

5
;

3)

1 2 5 3
3
2

1
1

Dng ton 1 Tnh ton vi cc phn s

Bi 1.1 Tnh (kt qu c ghi bng phn s v s thp phn):
A3

Bi 1.2
1) Tnh:
54

123
581
521
2
4
.
52
7
28

3 2
4 3
1 2

A
2)

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
.

2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256

Tnh

1994 1993 2
1993 19941994 212121
.

1992 1992 1994 19931993 1994 434343

3) So snh cc phn s sau:
B

19 1919 191919 19191919

;
;
;
.
27 2727 272727 27272727
Bi 1.3 Cho biu thc:

1 1 3 2 5 7 1 13
A .
3 4 8 9 12 18 24 36
B s no trong tng trn A = 2?
Bi 1.4 1) Tnh biu thc:
2 22 22 22
1 1 1
2 2 3 1 2 3
1
7 7 7 :
3 3 3 : 200820082008 .
A 3
2 2 2
2 1 1 1 1
2 2 3 200920092009

2
3
7 7 7
3 3 3

2) Tm s hu t x bit:
5 5
5
10 10 10

5
10

12345679
17 89 113 :
23 243 611 434343 .
x

333333333 11 11 11 11 3 3 3 3 515151
17 89 113
23 243 611

Dng ton 2 Tnh ton vi s thp phn

Bi 2.1 Thc hin php tnh
A = 6712,53211 : 5,3112 + 166143,478 : 8,993
Bi 2 Thc hin php tnh (kt qu vit di dng hn s)
A = 5322,666744:5,333332+17443,478:0,993.
Bi 2.3
1) Tm h bit:

1
1
1
1
=
+
+
.
3
3
3
h 3,218 5,673 4,8153

55

2 4
3

1,6: 1 .1,25 1,08- :
2
25 7
5
+
2) Tnh C=
+0,6.0,5: .
1
5
5 1 2
0,645 -2 .2

25
9 4 17
Bi 2.4 Tnh gi tr ca x t phng trnh sau

4
3 4
1
0,5 1 7 5 x 1, 25 1,8 : 7 3 2
3

5, 2 : 2,5 .
3 1
3
4

15, 2 3,15 : 2 4 1,5 0,8

4 2 4

Bi 2.5
1) Tnh v lm trn n 6 ch s thp phn:

3: 0, 4 0, 09 : (0,15 : 2,5)
(2,1 1,965) : (1, 2 0, 045)

..
0,32 6 0, 03 (5,3 3,88) 0, 67
0, 00325 : 0, 013

2) Tnh v lm trn n 5 ch s thp phn:

7
7
1
1
13

D ( 1, 4 2,5
) : 2 4 0,1 : (70,5 528 : 7 ) .
180
18
2
2
84

3) Tm x v lm trn n 4 ch s thp phn:

1
1
1
1
1

...

) 140 1,08: 0,3 ( x 1) 11.

21 22 22 23 23 24
28 29 29 30

Dng ton 3 Lin phn s (phn s lin tc)

Bi 3.1 Cu 1 Tm gi tr ca x bit:

x
1

2008

1
2009

56

2007

2006

2005

1
2

9
3

2
1

3
5

14044
1
12343
7

Cu 2 Tm x, y bit:

1
1

1
y

Gii Cu 1 Tnh gi tr biu thc

A = 2

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1
2

trn my tnh v gi vo nh A :
2009 1 ab/c 2 x 1 2008 x 1 2007 x 1 2006

x 1
2005 x 1 2 (kt qu: 2.000498753) SHIFT STO A

Tnh gi tr biu thc trn my tnh:

B=

9
3

2
1

3
5

1 3 ab/c x 1 2 3 x 1 9 9 x 1 9 1 x 1 9

3 x 1 6 x 1 2 2 x 1 3 (kt qu:
1 625 2159).
Bm tip phm: () 1 (kt qu: B 1 625 2159).
57

x
B 0 x A B .
A
Tnh x A B : Bm tip phm: ALPHA A (- 2.579614881).
Ta c phng trnh:

Vy gi tr gn ng ca x l: x - 2,57961.
p s: x - 2,57961.
Cu 2 Tm thng ca php chia 14044 cho 12343:
14044 12343 (kt qu: 1.137810905).
Vy thng ca php chia 14044 cho 12343 l 1.
Tm s d ca php chia 14044 cho 12343:
4044 12343 (kt qu: 1701).
Vy
14044
1701
1
.
1
1
12343
12343
12343
1701
Thc hin php chia 12343 cho 1701:

12343 1701 (kt qu: 7 436 1701).

Vy
12343
436
1
1
1
7
7
7
7
1701
393
1
1701
1701
3
3
436
436
436
393
1
1
1
7
7
7
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
43
1
1
1
393
6
393
9
43
43
1
1
7
7
.
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
43
1
7
6
6

58

Cui cng ta c:
14044
1701
1
1
1
1
12343
12343
12343
7
1701
3

1
1
1

1
9

1
7

1
6

p s: x = 7; y = 6.
Bi 3.2 Cho dy s (biu thc c cha n tng phn s) :
1
1
;
u1 2 ; u 2 2
1
2
2
2
1
1
;; u n 2
.
u3 2
1
1
2
2...
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
Tnh gi tr chnh xc ca u5, u9, u10 v gi tr gn ng ca u15, u20.
Bi 3.3 Cho lin phn s :
un 2

1
1

2 ...
2

1
1 x

(biu thc c cha n tng phn s).

1687
Tm x bi t u 20
(kt qu ly vi 4 ch s phn thp phn).
1696
Nu quy trnh bm phm.
Bi 3.4 Tnh gi tr ca biu thc v vit kt qu di dng phn s:
5
1
1) A 3
.
2) B 7
.
4
1
2
3
5
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
5
4
2
3
Bi 3.5 Tnh
59

D=5+

6+

7+

8+

9+

4
10

Bi 3.6 Tnh:

1) (Lp 6) 1

1
1

1
11

2) (Lp 7) 2

2
2

1
2

3) (Lp 8) 3

3
3

1
3

60

1
3

1
2

4) (Lp 9) 1

6
7

1
8

1
9

Bi 3.7 (S Gio dc v o to Cn Th, Lp 9, 2002-2003)

Tnh:
1
C 9
.
2
8
3
7
4
6
5
5
6
4
7
3
8
2
9
Bi 3.8 (V ch New York, 1985. Cu hi tip sc)
Bit:

15
1

, trong a v b l cc s dng. Hy tnh b.

17 1 1
1
a
b

Bi 3.9 Tm x trong ng thc sau, kt qu vit di dng phn s.

1
1
1

x. 4
3
2
1 1
2
3

5
3
1
4
5
1

7
4
2

6
7
8
9

Bi 3.10 1) Vit quy trnh bm phm tnh:

61

3
12
1

A 17
1
1

23

12
2002
2) Gi tr tm c ca A l bao nhiu?

17

1
2003

Bi 3.11 Tm nghim ca phng trnh:

5

1
2x
1
(7

1
3 1 4
3
1
5

3
3

(3

1
4

4
7

3
7

Bi 3.12 Tm s dng x tha mn phng trnh:

1
x 2005
.
1
2005
1
2005
1
2005
1
2005
x
Bi 3.13 Tm cc s t nhin a, b, c, d, e bit (ch ghi kt qu):
5584
1
a
.
1
1051
b
1
c
1
d
e
Bi 3.14 Tm cc s t nhin a, b, c, d, e, f, g bit

20062007
a
2008
b

1
1

d
e

1
f

Bi 3.15 Tm x tha mn ng thc sau y

62

1
g

4
2

5
3

x
2011
1993
2010
1994
2009
1995
2008
1996
2007
1997
2006
1998
2005
1999
2004
2000
2003
2001
2002
Bi 3.16 1) Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh gi tr ca lin phn s:
1
.
M 1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2) Tnh 3 M .

63

11

Bi 3.17 1) Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh gi tr ca lin phn s:

1
M 3
1
7
1
15
1
1
292
2) Tnh M .
Bi 3.16 Cho A 30

12

.
5
10
2003
Hy vit A di dng lin phn s A a0 , a1 ,..., an .

63

3
2011

64

65