Professional Documents
Culture Documents
163)
arc n. a curved line or object. (p. 110)
assemble v. to fit together or bring together. (p. 340)
E
ecosystems n. An ecological community that functions, along with its environment, as a unit. (p. 318)
eliminate v. get rid of; remove. (p. 984)
enables v. to provide with the means or opportunity; to make possible. (p. 916)
ensure v. to make certain or guarantee. (p. 513)
equilibrium n. a state of balance. (p. 323)
evaluate v. to judge or determine the value or
significance of; to assess. (p. 9)
exceeds v. extends beyond. (p. 34)
expands v. to increase, open up, grow in volume or
size. (p. 899)
exposed adj. being without a covering or shelter.
(p. 1002)
C
chemicals n. substances produced by or used in a
chemical process. (p. 81)
circulates v. flows, moves through from one point
back to the same point. (p. 883)
compatibility adj. ability to exist together in
harmony. (p. 951)
components n. parts of something. (p. 86)
consistent adj. regular; continuous. (p. 618)
contraction n. reduction, tightening, narrowing.
(p. 816)
criteria n. a standard on which a decision may be
made. (p. 398)
crucial adj. important or essential. (p. 378)
D
derived adj. drawn or deduced from a source.
design n. the arrangement of elements or details;
purposeful planning. (p. 781)
dexterity n. skill and ease in using the hands. (p. 600)
diameter n. the width of a circular- or cylinder-like
object. (p. 128)
istics. (p. 8)
H
horizontal adj. parallel to the level ground. (p. 111)
hypotenuse n. the side of a right-angled triangle
that is opposite the right angle. (p. 505)
I
inclines n. graded or sloped surfaces. (p. 996)
incorporate v. to form an indistinguishable whole.
(p. 289)
increments n. small increases in quantity or size.
(p. 788)
indicate v. to show, make known, express. (p. 678)
initial adj. placed at the beginning; first, early,
original. (p. 694)
injure v. to cause harm; to damage or hurt. (p. 205)
intermediate adj. being in the middle place, stage,
or degree. (p. 530)
involves v. includes, entails, engages. (p. 736)
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M
maintains v. to keep in an existing state, to
preserve. (p. 1005)
methods n. procedures or processes for attaining
something. (p. 236)
minimum n. the least amount or value possible.
(p. 226)
O
occurs v. to happen or come into existence. (p. 298)
offset v. to balance, complement, or compensate for.
(p. 406)
overall adv. as a whole. (p. 670)
P
parallel adj. extending in the same direction; equidistant at all points. (p. 741)
perpendicular adj. being at a right angle to a
certain line or plane. (p. 403)
photosynthesis n. The process in green plants
where sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are converted into energy. This process often releases oxygen
as a byproduct. (p. 319)
physical adj. of or affecting the body. (p. 79)
precaution n. an action taken in advance to
protect against possible danger or injury. (p. 631)
precise adj. being exact; neither more or less. (p. 155)
primary adj. first in order. (p. 432)
process n. a procedure; a series of actions leading to
some end. (p. 736)
prolonged v. lengthened in scope or range. (p. 705)
T
techniques n. a particular method of
accomplishing a task. (p. 222)
technology n. a technological method, invention,
process. (p. 578)
temporary adj. lasting for a short time. (p. 356)
traditional adj. customary, established. (p. 661)
transmission n. spread, diffusion, process of transmitting sound waves from one place to the next. (p. 696)
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A
acclimation when wood reaches a moisture content
equal to that inside the building where it is installed.
(p. 975)
baseboard a board or molding used against the bottom of walls to cover their joint with the floor; also
called a base molding. (p. 764)
batt any thick insulation material that comes in precut widths designed to fit between framing members.
(p. 897)
(p. 239)
bevel cut a type of miter cut that is made an an
angle through the thickness of a board. (p. 136)
bid a signed proposal to do work and/or supply
material for a specified price. (p. 59)
binder a resin that holds particles of pigment
together. (p. 947)
biscuit a small, flat piece of compressed wood. Also
called a plate. (p. 184)
bisque an unglazed ceramic tile. (p. 990)
(p. 818)
base for tile, particularly on floors and in wet installations; also called cement board. (p. 993)
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C
camber a curve in a beam. (p. 361)
cambium a layer of living tissue that produces new
wood, called sapwood, along its inner surface. (p. 318)
cantilever a supporting member that projects into
space and is itself supported only at an end. (p. 412)
carcase an assembly of panels that forms a
cabinets basic shape. (p. 788)
placed either directly on the ground or over compacted gravel or sand. (p. 294)
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countersink a bit with beveled cutting edges. It creates a funnel shape at the top of a drilled hole, allowing the head of a wood screw to be flush with the
wood surface. (p. 166)
crazing the appearance of fine cracks in irregular
patterns over the surface of concrete. (p. 222)
cripple stud a stud that does not extend all the
way from the bottom plate to the top plate of the wall
because of an opening such as framing for a window.
Also called a cripple. (p. 434)
crosscut a cut made across the grain of a piece of
lumber, and at a 90 angle to the edge. (p. 128)
crown the outermost curve of the bow in a joist. (p. 406)
crown molding a fairly large molding that usually
includes both curved and angular surfaces. (p. 770)
custom cabinets manufactured cabinets built in any
width or height to match a kitchen exactly. (p. 788)
hip rafter to bring the top edge of the hip rafter in line
with the upper ends of the jacks. (p. 513)
E
eaves the portions of a roof that project beyond the
walls. (p. 551)
edging using a brush to paint into the corners
between large flat surfaces where a roller cannot
reach. (p. 963)
eforescence a whitish crystalline deposit that
sometimes appears on the surface of concrete or mortar. (p. 222)
engineered panel any manufactured sheet product, including plywood, that is made of wood or
wood pieces bonded with a natural or synthetic adhesive. (p. 338)
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heartwood the dark-colored portion of a tree nearest the core. (p. 1004)
hip rafter a rafter forming a raised area, or hip, usually extending from the corner of the building diagonally from plate to ridge board. (p. 504)
hollow-core construction door construction consisting of a light framework of wood or corrugated cardboard faced with thin plywood or hardboard. (p. 597)
K
kerf the width of a cut. (p. 132)
kick plate a short piece of framing lumber that is
used to anchor the bottom of a stair. (p. 744)
kickback a reaction that occurs when a spinning
Impact Noise Rating (INR) a measure of the resistance of a floor system based on decibels (dB). (p. 911)
(p. 887)
in-line framing framing that aligns all vertical and
horizontal load-bearing structural members in both
platform-frame construction and steel-frame construction. (p. 373, p. 844)
J
jack rafter a shortened common rafter that may be
framed to a hip rafter, a valley rafter, or both. (p. 504)
(p. 198)
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molding narrow lengths of wood with a shaped profile used for decorative and framing purposes. (p. 751)
overdig the term used to describe the additional excavation needed to provide clearance for work. (p. 248)
(p. 596)
(p. 832)
N
networking making use of personal connections to
achieve career goals. (p. 17)
nominal dimension the width and thickness of
rough-sawn lumber (not its length); also called nominal size. (p. 325)
1068
platform-frame construction a construction technique in which each level of the house is constructed
separately; also called platform framing. (p. 370)
pliers a hand tool with opposing jaws that are
designed to hold things. (p. 122)
plies very thin, pliable sheets of wood that have
been sawed, peeled, or sliced from a log and used in
plywood. (p. 338)
plot plan the part of the house plans that shows the
location of the building on the lot, along with related
land elevations. (p. 236)
R
rabbet a cut or groove along or near the edge of a
piece of wood which allows another piece to fit into it
to form a joint. (p. 740)
radiant heat heat that travels in a straight line
away from a hot surface and heats anything solid it
meets. (p. 902)
(p. 544)
rsum a brief summary of a job applicants contact information, education, skills, work experience,
activities, and interests. (p. 18)
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or window will fit. It allows room for the door or window and its frame. (p. 440)
rough sill a horizontal member placed at the bottom of a window opening to support the window. It
connects the upper ends of the cripple studs. (p. 434)
R-value in insulation, a measure of a materials ability to resist heat transmission. (p. 894)
(p. 788)
service main a pipe that brings water to the house
and is connected at the street to the municipal water
system; also called a water service pipe. (p. 869)
shear wall a wall engineered to withstand unusual
lateral (sideways) stresses. (p. 378)
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before the stringers are installed on a stairway to protect the wall from damage. (p. 739)
(p. 596)
solvent a material that dissolves another material.
(p. 948)
Sound Transmission Class (STC) a numerical
rating that indicates the ability of a material or combination of materials to reduce sound transmission.
(p. 908)
span in roof framing, the distance between the outer
edges of the top plates. (p. 470)
span table a table listing the maximum spacing
allowed between different sizes of joists or rafters.
(p. 382)
specications written notes that give instructions
about materials and methods of work. (p. 57)
stud a vertical framing member. Conventional construction commonly uses 24 studs spaced 16" on
center (OC). (p. 432)
subooring engineered wood sheets or construc-
stairwell the vertical shaft inside of which a stairway is built. (p. 724)
station mark the point over which a level for
laying out a site is directly centered. (p. 239)
step a tread and a riser on a stairway. (p. 726)
stepladder a common type of folding ladder that
has flattened steps instead of rungs. (p. 199)
T
tail joist a floor joist interrupted by a header. (p. 412)
template a guide made from metal or thin wood.
(p. 172)
temporary bracing bracing that prevents the walls
separates layers of wood products and allows air circulation between them. (p. 809)
stock cabinets manufactured cabinets built in standard sizes and stored in a warehouse until ordered.
thermal insulation material that slows the transmission of heat through walls, floors, and ceilings. (p. 894)
(p. 788)
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U
undercourse a low-grade layer of side-wall shingles that will not be exposed to the weather. (p. 670)
underlayment in roofing, a material, such as roofing felt, applied to the roof sheathing before shingles
are installed (p. 627); in flooring, a thin panel product
whose surface is smoother than standard subflooring.
(p. 989)
universal design a design concept aimed at making a house usable and safe for the widest variety of
people, including older adults and those with disabilities. (p. 781)
(p. 900).
veneer match the arrangement of pieces of veneer
to create different patterns and effects. (p. 343)
veneer plaster a specially formulated gypsum
plaster that is applied to a type of drywall called gypsum base; also called thin-coat plaster. (p. 933)
volatile organic compound (VOC) a type of
chemical that evaporates into the air. (p. 985)
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