1.

The diagram below shows a ship is using the sonar method to measure the depth of the sea.

(a) State the sound wave principle used in the sonar system to measure the depth of the sea. [1 mark]
(b) Why the sonar system requires a sound wave of high frequency? [1 mark]
(c) Given that the velocity of sonar sound is 1500 m s-1 the time lapse for the sound wave to be detected again is
0.4 s, calculate the depth of the sea. [2 marks]
(d) Why the sound velocity in the air is less than the sound velocity in the water? [1 mark]
(e) Give two other applications of sonar. [2 marks]
2.

A boy saw a lightning 3 s before the thunder is heard. The speed of sound in the air is 330 m s-1.

(a) (i) How far was the lightning from the boy?
(ii) Give an assumption for the calculation of the distance in (a)(i). [3 marks]
(b) Will the loudness of thunder affects the speed of propagation of sound in the air? [1 mark]
3.

A girl stands i n front of a huge wall. She shouts at the wall1 and an echo is heard 5 s later. When she
moves closer to the wall by 150 m and shouts again, she hears the echo 4 s later.

(a) Calculate the speed of sound in the air. [3 marks]

(b) Calculate the distance of the girl from the cliff at the beginning. [2 marks]