Professional Documents
Culture Documents
12/4/2014
Rev. 0.1
December 4, 2014
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Lch s thay i
Rev.
0.0
0.1
Date
04/11/14
01/12/14
http://edabk.org/
Author
Ha Van Phu
Ha Van Phu
Description
First Draft
Rev 0.1
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Contents
1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
GII THIU .................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 M U ............................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1
B lc FIR .................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 CC THNG S CA B LC ................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.1
Ch tiu k thut ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2
Mt s thng s nh gi b lc: ............................................................................................... 6
1.3 B LC FIR PHA TUYN TNH ............................................................................................................... 6
2 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
CC PHNG PHP TNG HP B LC (FIR) ................................................................................... 9
2.1
2.2
2.3
3 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 37
CC KIN TRC B LC FIR ................................................................................................................. 37
3.1
3.2
3.3
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
1
Gii thiu
1.1 M u
1.2
Mt b lc s l mt h thng tuyn tnh bt bin trong min bin s n c biu din
bng phng trnh:
N
k 1
k 0
y (n) ak y (n k ) bk x(n k )
(1.1.1)
H (Z )
b z
k 0
N
1 ak z
(1.1.2)
k
k 1
k 0
k 0
| h ( n) |
n 0
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
1.2.1 B lc FIR
Mt b lc FIR c m hnh ha bng phng trnh:
M 1
y (n) bk x n k
(1.1.3)
k 0
H ( z ) bk z k
(1.1.4)
k 0
0 n M 1
otherwise
(1.1.5)
Trong :
M: di ca b lc FIR
, : H s ca b lc
1.3 Cc thng s ca b lc
1.3.1 Ch tiu k thut
Tn s ct ( )
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Rev 0.1
EDA-Group
Di thng (0, )
Di chuyn tip ( , )
Di chn ( , )
gn di thng 1
gn di chn 2
4.12.2014
K hiu:
p: passband
s: stopband
1 1
)[dB]
1 1
2
)[dB]
1 1
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
() i xng: () = ( 1 )
() phn i xng:
o () = ( 1 ) vi chn
o () = ( 1 ) v h(
M 1
) 0 vi l
2
h(n) i xng
h(n) phn i xng
M chn (even)
Loi 2
Loi 4
p ng tn s:
Loi 1:
H1 (e j ) e
M 1
2
M 3
2
M
1
M 1
h(
) 2 h(n) cos (
n)
2
2
n 0
(1.3.1)
Loi 2:
H 2 (e j ) e
http://edabk.org/
M 1
2
M
1
2
2 h(n) cos (
n 0
Rev 0.1
M 1
n)
2
(1.3.2)
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Loi 3:
H 3 (e j ) e
j [
M 1
]
2
2
M 3
2
2 h(n)sin (
n 0
M 1
n)
2
(1.3.3)
M 1
n)
2
(1.3.4)
Loi 4:
j
H 4 (e ) e
http://edabk.org/
j [
M 1
]
2
2
M
1
2
2 h(n)sin (
n 0
Rev 0.1
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
2
Cc phng php tng
hp b lc (FIR)
2.1 Phng php ca s
j
1 e j ,| | c
H d (e )
c | |
0,
j
hd (n)
1
2
(e j )e j n d
(2.1.1)
(2.1.2)
h d (n)
1 c
j jn
1 e e d
2
c
h d (n)
sin[c (n )]
(n )
M 1
mu v nhn vi hm ca s w(n)
2
h(n) hd (n
M 1
) w(n)
2
(2.1.3)
Trong :
w(n) 0, n 0, n ( M 1)
2.1.1 Cc bc thit k
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Rev 0.1
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
2.1.2 Cc tham s ca ca s ph
1. B rng ca nh trung tm
2. T s ca bin ca nh th cp u tin v bin ca nh trung tm
Trong thc t, t s ny thng c nh gi theo dB bng cch nh sau:
20 log10
W(e jx )
[dB]
W(e j0 )
(2.1.4)
H(e j ) , W(e js ) l
G(e j ) 20 log10
W(e j )
W(e j0 )
(2.1.5)
2.1.3 Cc loi ca s
Ca s ch nht
Trong min n, ca s ch nht c nh ngha nh sau:
0 n M 1
1,
w(n)
0,
otherwise
(2.1.6)
p ng tn s ca b lc:
M
) j(M 1)
2
W(e )
e 2
sin( )
2
j
http://edabk.org/
sin(
Rev 0.1
(2.1.7)
10
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Figure 3 Ca s ch nht. Vi M = 45
2n
w(n) 2
,
M
0,
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Rev 0.1
0n
M 1
2
M 1
n M 1
2
otherwise
(2.1.8)
11
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Ca s Hanning
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Rev 0.1
12
EDA-Group
2n
)],
0.5[1 cos(
w(n)
M 1
0,
0 n M 1
4.12.2014
(2.1.9)
otherwise
Figure 5 Ca s Hanning, vi M = 45
Ca s Hamming
Ca s Hamming gn ging ca s Hanning. N ch khc mt phn nh b gin on
(Xem hnh)
2n
)],
0 n M 1
0.54 0.46 cos(
w(n)
M 1
0,
otherwise
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
(2.1.10)
13
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Figure 6 Ca s Hamming, vi M = 45
Ca s Blackman
Loi ca s ny gn ging vi hai ca s trn. Tuy nhin, n cha thm mt phn t lm
hai bin ca ca s tin v 0 hi ha hn.
2n
4n
)] 0.08cos(
),
0.42 0.5cos(
w(n)
M 1
M 1
0,
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Rev 0.1
0 n M 1
(2.1.11)
otherwise
14
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Ca s Kaiser
2
2n
I0 1 1
M 1
w(n)
,
I0 []
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
0 n M 1
(2.1.12)
15
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Trong ,
Figure 8 Ca s Kaiser, vi M = 45
t c hiu qu cao nht khi thit k b lc FIR pha tuyn tnh, gi tr phi chn
trong khong t 4 n 9:
49
s p
2
, ta c th tnh bc ca b lc:
A s 7.95
1
14.36f
(2.1.13)
A s 50
0.1102(A s 8.7),
Parameter
0.4
0.5842(A s 21) 0.07886(A s 21), 21 A s 50
Tng kt:
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
16
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Tn ca s
Gi tr c lng
Gi tr chnh xc
Suy hao di
chn nh nht
Ca s ch nht
4
M
1.8
M
21 dB
Ca s tam gic
8
M
6.1
M
25 dB
Hanning
8
M
6.2
M
44 dB
Hamming
8
M
6.6
M
53 dB
Blackman
12
M
11
M
74 dB
Hd (n) v
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
17
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Hm 1:
function hd = ideal_lp(wc,M);
% Ideal LowPass filter computation
% [hd] = ideal_lp(wc,M)
% hd = ideal impulse response between 0 to M-1
% wc = cutoff frequency in radians
% M = length of the ideal filter
alpha = (M-1)/2;
n = [0:1:(M-1)];
m = n - alpha + eps; % add smallest number to avoid divide by zero
hd = sin(wc*m)./(pi*m);
Hm 2:
function [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(b,a);
% Modified version of freqz subroutine
% -----------------------------------% [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(b,a);
% db - Relative magnitude in dB computed over 0 to pi radians
% mag - absolute magnitude computed over 0 to pi radians
% pha = Phase response in radians over 0 to pi radians
% grd = Group delay over 0 to pi radians
% w = 501 frequency samples between 0 to pi radians
% b = numerator polynomial of H(z) (for FIR: b=h)
% a = denominator polynomial of H(z) (for FIR: a=[1])
[H,w] = freqz(b,a,1000,'whole');
H = (H(1:1:501))'; w = (w(1:1:501))';
mag = abs(H);
db = 20*log10((mag+eps)/max(mag));
pha = angle(H);
grd = grpdelay(b,a,w);
| H(e j ) |
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p 0.2,
R p 0.25dB
s 0.3,
A s 50dB
Rev 0.1
18
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Cch lm: u tin, da vo suy hao di chn l 50dB, bng 1, ta chn c hai loi
ca s ph hp l ca s Hamming v Blackman. Chng ta s chn loi ca s Hamming
v c rng di chuyn tip nh hn. Mc d, chng ta s khng s dng thng s R p
trong thit k nhng chng ta s kim tra gi tr ny xem c tha mn khng. Di y l
b lc FIR tha mn yu cu bi c vit bng MATLAB code.
% design a digital FIR filter LPF:
% wp=0.2pi, ws=0.3pi, Rp=0.25dB, As=50dB
% using Hamming window
wp = 0.2*pi; ws = 0.3*pi;
tr_width = ws-wp; % transition width
M = ceil(6.6*pi/tr_width) + 1; % M=67
n = [0:1:M-1];
wc = (ws+wp)/2; % Ideal LPF cutoff frequency
hd = ideal_lp(wc,M);
w_ham = (hamming(M))';
h = hd.*w_ham;
[db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,[1]);
delta_w = 2*pi/1000;
Rp = -(min(db(1:1:wp/delta_w+1))); % Actual Passband Ripple
As = -round(max(db(ws/delta_w+1:1:501))); % Min Stopband attenuation
%Plot
subplot(1,1,1);
subplot(2,2,1); stem(n,hd); title('Ideal Impulse Response');
axis([0 M-1 -0.1 0.3]); xlabel('n'); ylabel('hd(n)');
subplot(2,2,2); stem(n,w_ham); title('Hamming window');
axis([0 M-1 0 1.1]); xlabel('n'); ylabel('w(n)');
subplot(2,2,3); stem(n,h); title('Actual Impulse Response');
axis([0 M-1 -0.1 0.3]); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)');
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,db); title('Magnitude Response in dB');grid;
axis([0 1 -100 10]); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('dB');
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Rev 0.1
19
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
V d 2:
Thit k b lc thng thp v d 1 bng ca s Kaiser.
Di y l code Matlab. Chng ta p dng cng thc nu trong phn ca s Kaiser
tnh ton ra bc ca b lc v
% design a digital FIR filter LPF:
% wp=0.2pi, ws=0.3pi, Rp=0.25dB, As=50dB
% using Kaiser window
wp = 0.2*pi; ws = 0.3*pi;As = 50;
tr_width = ws-wp; % transition width
M = ceil((As-7.95)/(14.36*tr_width/(2*pi))+1)+1; % M=61
n = [0:1:M-1];
beta = 0.1102*(As-8.7);%beta = 4.5513
wc = (ws+wp)/2; % Ideal LPF cutoff frequency
hd = ideal_lp(wc,M);
w_kai = (kaiser(M,beta))';
h = hd.*w_kai;
[db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,[1]);
delta_w = 2*pi/1000;
Rp = -(min(db(1:1:wp/delta_w+1))); % Actual Passband Ripple
%test As:
As = -round(max(db(ws/delta_w+1:1:501))); % Min Stopband attenuation
%Plot
subplot(1,1,1);
subplot(2,2,1); stem(n,hd); title('Ideal Impulse Response');
axis([0 M-1 -0.1 0.3]); xlabel('n'); ylabel('hd(n)');
subplot(2,2,2); stem(n,w_kai); title('Kaiser window');
axis([0 M-1 0 1.1]); xlabel('n'); ylabel('w(n)');
subplot(2,2,3); stem(n,h); title('Actual Impulse Response');
axis([0 M-1 -0.1 0.3]); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)');
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,db); title('Magnitude Response in dB');grid;
axis([0 1 -100 10]); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('dB');
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
20
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
| H(e j ) |
| H(e j0 ) |
Hm MATLAB:
b
b
b
b
b
=
=
=
=
=
fir1(n,Wn)
fir1(n,Wn,'ftype')
fir1(n,Wn,window)
fir1(n,Wn,'ftype',window)
fir1(...,'normalization')
Hm fir1 tr li p ng xung ca b lc
b = fir1(n,Wn)
n: bc ca b lc
Wn: Tn s ct (cutofff) c chun ha theo tn s Nyquist Wf.
o Nu Wn=[w1 w2], fir1 s tr v p ng xung ca b lc thng di bc n.
w1 w 2
o Nu Wn=[w1 w2 wn], fir1 s tr v p ng xung ca b lc nhiu di
(multipass) bc n. 0 < < w1, w1 < < w2,..., wn < < 1.
b = fir1(n,Wn,'ftype')
ftype: Loi b lc
o ftype=high: b lc thng cao vi tn s cutoff = Wn
o ftype=stop: b lc chn di, nu Wn=[w1 w2]. Khi khong [w1 w2]
chnh l di chn
o DC-1: di u tin ca b lc nhiu di (multipass filter) l di thng
o DC-0: di u tin ca b lc nhiu di (multipass filter) l di chn
V d:
b=fir1(50,[0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4],'DC-1');
freqz(b,1,512);
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Rev 0.1
21
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
b = fir1(n,Wn,window)
b = fir1(n,Wn,'ftype',window)
b = fir1(...,'normalization')
V d 3:
Thit k b lc v d 1 bng hm fir1
% design a digital FIR filter LPF:
% wp=0.2pi, ws=0.3pi, Rp=0.25dB, As=50dB
wp = 0.2*pi; ws = 0.3*pi;
wc = (wp + ws)/2; % Assume
wc_norm = wc/pi; % Normalize cut-off frequency
N = 25; % Order of filter
b = fir1(N,wc_norm);
freqz(b,1,512);
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
22
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
0,
h d (n)
0,
0 n M 1
otherwise
(2.2.1)\
H(e j ) ti cc tn s k
2
k
M
Ta c:
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
23
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
M
M 1
j
k
1
j
2
H d (e ) H d (k)
e 2 M
M k 0
sin( k)
2 M
M
sin
M 1
M 1
j
j
k
1
2
e 2 H d (k)e M
M k 0
sin( k)
2 M
sin
M 1
(2.2.2)
Trong H(k):
H(k) H(
2k j H(k )
)e
M
(2.2.3)
k0
H(0),
2k
H(
) 2(M k)
M
H(
), k 1,..., M 1
(2.2.4)
M 1 2k
M 1
k 0,...,
2 M ,
2
H(k)
M 1 2 (M k), k M 1 1,..., N 1
2 M
2
, (Type1& 2) (2.2.5)
M 1 2k
M 1
k 0,...,
2 2 M ,
2
H(k)
M 1 2 (M k), k M 1 1,..., M 1
2 2 M
2
H(e )
h(n)e
jn
H(e j )
H d (e j )
Rev 0.1
24
EDA-Group
1
H(e j )
0
4.12.2014
pass band
stop band
M 1
2
M
sin
j k
1 M 1
2
H d (k)e M
M k 0
sin( k)
2 M
(2.2.7)
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
25
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
p 0.2,
R p 0.25dB
s 0.3,
A s 50dB
Gii
Chn M = 20, chng ta c mu tn s di thng p l k=2:
p 0.2
2
2
20
s 0.3
2
3
20
15zeros
9.5 k 0.95k, 0 k 9
H(k)
20
10 k 19
0.95(20 k),
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
26
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
ylabel('Decibels');
Hnh Figure 13 biu din b lc trn min thi gian v min tn s. Ta thy suy hao di
chn nh nht l khong 16dB, s suy hao ny vn cn qu ln.
29 zeros
19.5 k 0.975k,
H(k)
40
0.975(40 k),
0 k 19
20 k 39
By gi chng ta s chn T1 sao cho thu c suy hao di chn l nhiu nht.
Chn T1=0.5
% T1=0.5
T1=0.5;
M = 40; alpha = (M-1)/2; l = 0:M-1; wl = (2*pi/M)*l;
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
27
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Hnh Figure 14, ta c suy hao di chn l 30dB, tt hn phng php Naive design tuy
nhin vn cha t c 50dB. Chng ta chn T1=0.39
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Rev 0.1
28
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
H = Hrs.*exp(j*angH);
h = real(ifft(H,M));
[db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,[1]);
[Hr,ww,a,L] = Hr_Type2(h);
subplot(2,2,1);plot (wl(1:21)/pi ,Hrs(1:21),'o',wdl,Hdr);
axis([0,1,-0.1,1.1]) ; title('Frequency Samples: M=40, T1=0.5');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(k)');
subplot(2,2,2);stem(l,h); axis([-1,M,-0.1,0.3]);grid;
title('Impulse response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)');
subplot(2,2,3); plot(ww/pi,Hr,wl(1:21)/pi,Hrs(1:21),'o');grid;
axis([0,1,-0.2,1.2]); title('Amplitude Response');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(w)');
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,db); axis([0,1,-100,10]); grid;
title('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units');
ylabel('Decibels');
T hnh Figure 15, ta thu c suy hao di chn nh nht l 43dB. R rng, tng suy
hao di chn, chng ta cn thay i nhiu hn 1 mu trong di chuyn tip.
43zeros
6ones
% T1=0.5925, T2=0.1099
T1=0.5925;
T2=0.1099;
M = 60; alpha = (M-1)/2; l = 0:M-1; wl = (2*pi/M)*l;
Hrs = [ones(1,7),T1,T2,zeros(1,43),T2,T1,ones(1,6)]; % Ideal Amp Res
sampled
Hdr = [1,1,0,0]; wdl = [0,0.25,0.26,1]; %Ideal Amp Res for plotting
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Rev 0.1
29
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
k1 = 0:floor((M-1)/2); k2 = floor((M-1)/2)+1:M-1;
angH = [-alpha*(2*pi)/M*k1,alpha*(2*pi)/M*(M-k2)];
H = Hrs.*exp(j*angH);
h = real(ifft(H,M));
[db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,[1]);
[Hr,ww,a,L] = Hr_Type2(h);
subplot(2,2,1);plot (wl(1:31)/pi ,Hrs(1:31),'o',wdl,Hdr);
axis([0,1,-0.1,1.1]) ; title('Frequency Samples: M=60, T1=0.5925,
T2=0.1099');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(k)');
subplot(2,2,2);stem(l,h); axis([-1,M,-0.1,0.3]);grid;
title('Impulse response'); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)');
subplot(2,2,3); plot(ww/pi,Hr,wl(1:31)/pi,Hrs(1:31),'o');grid;
axis([0,1,-0.2,1.2]); title('Amplitude Response');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(w)');
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,db); axis([0,1,-100,10]); grid;
title('Magnitude Response'); xlabel('frequency in pi units');
ylabel('Decibels');
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Rev 0.1
30
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
31
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
khc nhau gia p ng l tng v p ng thc t khng ging nhau trn ton di. Li
ny ln khi bin ca di tn s v nh hn khi trong di tn s. Bng vic phn tn sao
cho li ny tng i ging nhau trn cc di tn, chng ta thu c b lc c p ng
xung nh hn p ng c yu cu t ra. Tn ti phng php c th loi b c ba
vn bn trn. Kt qu ca phng php ny s l ti u, nhng chng ta phi tr gi l
vic tnh ton s kh phc tp.
i vi b lc FIR pha tuyn tnh, c th ly c mt tp hp cc iu kin gii php
thit k l ti u trong vic gim thiu ti a sai s xp x. Chng ta coi vic tng hp mt
b lc nh l mt bi ton gn ng theo ngha chebyschev. B lc ny c gi l
equiripple bi v sai s xp x c phn tn ng u trn c di thng v di chn.
thit k b lc equiripple, chng ta s dng mt thut ton ni suy a thc, thut ton
ny c tn l Parks-McClellan
Di y chng ta s xt cch biu din ca Ad (e j ) (ca b lc thc t) ca c 4 loi lc
s FIR theo dng:
Ad (e j ) Q(e j ).P(e j )
(2.3.1)
Ad (e j ) Q(e j ).P(e j )
Loi b lc
http://edabk.org/
Q(e j )
Rev 0.1
P(e j )
32
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
N 1
2
a(n) cos n
n 0
cos
N
1
2
b(n) cos n
n 0
sin
N 1
1
2
c(n) cos n
n 0
sin
N
1
2
d(n) cos n
n 0
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33
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
gi l nh l xoay chiu (Tham kho trong sch x l s tn hiu Nguyn Quc Trung,
tp 1)
Tm li
Da trn c s bi ton gn ng theo ngha Chebyschev ny, Parks v McClellan s
dng nh l xoay chiu a ra phng php tnh ton b lc s FIR pha tuyn tnh.
Nguyn tc chung ca phng php ny gm nhng bc sau y:
1. Chn loi b lc s l tng, tc l chn p ng tn s ca ln A(), sau chn
hm trng s W() (da theo cc ch tiu k thut ca b lc thc t), cui cng s chn
bc ca b lc s N.
(), (), ().
2. Xc nh bi ton gn ng, tc l tm
3. Gii bi ton gn ng bng cch s dng thut ton thay i Remez.
4. Tnh ton cc h s ca b lc.
firpm thit k mt FIR pha tuyn tnh s dng thut ton Park-McClellan. Thut ton ParkMaClellan s dng thut ton thay i Remez nh lut xp x Chebyshev thit k b
lc ti u ph hp gia p ng xung mong i v thc t. B lc c ti u c ngha l
sai s ln nht gia p ng xung thc t v l tng l ln nht. B lc c thit k theo
cch ny i khi c gi l enquiripple.
b = firpm (n, f, a) tr li vector hng cha n+1 h s ca b lc FIR c bc n, c tnh tn
s, bin c cho bi vector f v a.
Cc h s output b c tnh cht i xng:
b(k) = b(n + 2 k) k = 1, 2, , n + 1
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Rev 0.1
34
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
res.des
res.wt
res.H
res.error
Li mi im trong res.fgrid
res.iextr
res.fextr
Vector cc tn s cc tr
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35
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Thit k b lc thng thp vi fs = 2kHz, fpass = 400 Hz, fstop = 400 Hz, bc b
lc l 20.
Code Matlab
n = 20; % bc b lc
f = [0 0.4 0.5 1]; % vector tn s
m = [1 1 0 0]; % bin tng ng
h_firpm = firpm(n, f, m);
freqz(h_firpm,1);
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
36
EDA-Group
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3
Cc kin trc b lc FIR
3.1 Kin trc Direct (Cu trc chun tc)
3.1.1 L thuyt
Loi cu trc ny c suy trc tip t phng trnh sai phn biu din quan h vo ra ca
b lc. Quan h vo ra ca b lc FIR c biu din bng cng thc tng chp:
M 1
y(n) h(k)x(n k)
(3.1.1)
k 0
Kin trc ca b lc c biu din hnh Figure 17. Chng ta cn M-1 b nh lu M-1
u vo, M b nhn, M-1 b cng
M l (odd)
Loi 1
Loi 3
M chn (even)
Loi 2
Loi 4
FIR loi 1:
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Rev 0.1
37
EDA-Group
M 1
H(z) h(n)z
n 0
M 1
1
2
h(n)[z +z
(M 1 n )
n 0
4.12.2014
M 1
M 1
]+h(
)z
2
(3.1.2)
M
1
2
n 0
n 0
(3.1.3)
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38
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
FIR loi 3:
M 1
M 1
1
2
n 0
n 0
H(z) h(n)z n
h(n)[z n -z (M 1 n ) ]
(3.1.4)
M
1
2
n 0
n 0
(3.1.5)
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Rev 0.1
39
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
Chng ta thu c h s lc
h(n)=b=[
3.6942106777713809e-19
0.0013272228969113322
0.0046502522506579463
0.011749802608142372
0.02377922195610704
0.040723451189874783
0.061156926116234529
0.082403674188359047
0.10108221115667204
0.11389737880049784
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
40
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
0.11845971767308625
0.11389737880049784
0.10108221115667204
0.082403674188359047
0.061156926116234529
0.040723451189874783
0.02377922195610704
0.011749802608142372
0.0046502522506579463
0.0013272228969113322
3.6942106777713809e-19]
Setup:
http://edabk.org/
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http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
42
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4.12.2014
3.1.3 p ng tn s ca b lc
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
43
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4.12.2014
Phase Delay
10.5
10
9.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)
0.8
0.9
n 0
k 1
H(z) h(n)z n 0k 1k z 1 2k z 2
d:
H(z) 1 z 1 2z 2 3z 3 4z 4
Chng ta s phn tch H(z) thnh tch ca cc a thc bc 1 hoc bc 2
Trong Matlab c hm roots tm cc im khng ca mt a thc
http://edabk.org/
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44
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4.12.2014
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
45
EDA-Group
4.12.2014
0.061156926116234529
0.040723451189874783
0.02377922195610704
0.011749802608142372
0.0046502522506579463
0.0013272228969113322
3.6942106777713809e-19]
Sau s dng hm roots, chng ta thu c cc im 0. Tuy nhin thu c hm
H(z), sau khi qui v dng tch, chng ta phi ly h s t s t do, y l 1, chia cho h
s t do ca hm H(z) ban u, y l 0.0013272228969113322.
-0.9877 + 0.1561i
-0.9877 - 0.1561i
-0.8915 + 0.4531i
-0.8915 - 0.4531i
-0.7080 + 0.7062i
-0.7080 - 0.7062i
-0.4542 + 0.8909i
-0.4542 - 0.8909i
0.6587 + 0.7524i
0.6587 - 0.7524i
-0.1502 + 0.9887i
-0.1502 - 0.9887i
0.2189 + 1.0757i
0.2189 - 1.0757i
0.3805 + 0.9248i
0.3805 - 0.9248i
0.1816 + 0.8927i
0.1816 - 0.8927i
-0.0000 + 0.0000i
T phn tch c thnh:
H(z) (1 1.9754z 1 z 2 )(1 1.783z 1 z 2 )(1 1.416z 1 z 2 )(1 0.9084z 1 z 2 )
(1 1.3174z 1 z 2 )(1 0.3004z 1 z 2 )(1 0.4378z 1 1.205z 2 )(1 0.761z 1 z 2 )
(1 0.3632z 1 0.8299z 2 ) / 0.0013272228969113322
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Rev 0.1
46
EDA-Group
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3.2.3 p ng tn s ca b lc
Rev 0.1
47
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4.12.2014
10.5
10
9.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)
0.8
0.9
k m h M (m)
Trong :
h m 1 (0)
1
1 h m2 (m) 1
1 k 2m
h m 1 (1)
1
h m (1) h m (m)h m (m 1)
1 k 2m
...
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Rev 0.1
48
EDA-Group
h m 1 (m 1)
4.12.2014
1
h m (m 1) h m (m)h m (1)
1 k 2m
Vy ta c:
h m 1 (i)
1
h m (i) h m (m)h m (m i)
1 h 2m (m)
y:
k m h m (m)
k m 1 h m 1 (m 1)
Ghp ni cc step
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Rev 0.1
49
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3.3.3 p ng tn s ca b lc
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
50
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S b cng: 2M
Delay: M cng
10.5
10
9.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)
0.8
0.9
http://edabk.org/
Rev 0.1
51