Professional Documents
Culture Documents
bo m c d liu tt v chp vi hiu qu cao th? vic u tin l phi chn nhng "setting" sau
y chnh xc: file format, color space, ISO setting, white balance, exposure, color temparature, auto
focus point, metering mode, v lens.
Ti cho rng cc bn x dng t medium ti high-end camera, ngha l c nhng setting nu trn. Ti
xin ln lt tho lun tng phn mt.
1. File format: Nu bn chn white balance v color temperature ng th? xin bn t tin v mnh
dn chp "JPEG large". Vi format ny, bn ? c cht lng (quality) chun b "edit" trong PS.
Bn thn ti ? tng chp Canon EOS D30 (3 MegaPixel) v sau dng k thut PS phng ln n
20-by-30 inches m nh?n vn r nt. Hn na, portrait photographer thng phi chp vi s lng
ln, nu nh chp RAW th? khng cha dc nhiu lm trn memory card v nu bn c my tnh
"chm" th? s mt nhiu th? gi upload, chnh white balance, color temperature, convert thnh JPEG,
nhng vic ny lm gim hiu nng ca ngi chp.
2. Color space: Chn Adobe RGB hn l sRGB, v? sRGB dnh cho Internet, c?n RGB dng cho mi
trng hp. Nu bn chp RGB ri sau quyt nh dng cho Internet th? bn ch c vic "compress"
n li trong PS l xong.
3. ISO setting: chn ISO cao nht m my ca bn c th "chu dc" m khng b "noise". Thng
thng th? ISO thp cho kt qu tt hn, nhng nhng my sau ny nh Canon EOS 20D c th chp
c ISO setting 400 m vn khng b "noise". Tn dng s tin b ny, bn c th tc chp
cao v c nh (1/125s) bt my chn khu ln (trng hp chp h thng TV, tc l bn chn
tc , my chn khu ). L? do chp tc nhanh l v? trong khi chp chn dung, bn phi di
chuyn nhiu v iu khin model cng lc nn rt d b run my.Hn na vi ISO setting cao v tc
cao, ta lun c khu ln (iu ny cn thit c chiu su nh trng hp, cn thit cho
portrait).
Cho em ngh mt cht nh.
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khc phc, ta dng exposure compensation. Tng ln hay gim i cn bng nh sng li (Xem
camera manual ca bn coi cch chnh).
6. Color temperature:
Tri nng (sunny daylight outdoors): kho?ng 5200 K
Trong bng rm (shaded areas outdoors): kho?ng 7000 K
Tri my, tri bun ?m m, hay lc mt tri ln: kho?ng 6000K
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7. Auto Focus Point: Trong chn dung bn ch cn 1 focus point l ri (Canon 10D c 7 focus
point). Khi chp lun lun ly im focus l con mt (con mt l ca s ca tm hn m.
8. Metering Mode: Chn Partial Metering hay Center Weighted Metering Mode c bit l khi chp
close up hay khi background qu sng. Chn Evaluative Metering khi backgorund p.
9. Lenses: Trong khi chp chn dung th? iu khin model (communication) ng mt phn RT l
quan trng, nn chp tele t 70mm n 135 mm l l? tng nht. Nu ta chp knh di 50 mm, th? ta
phi ng gn, iu ny lm cho model mt t nhin (ngi ta rt nhy cm khi b ng knh d st vo
ngi). Nu ta chp knh qu hp nh tele 300 mm th? ta phi "ht" ln th? model mi bit m?nh mun
ci g? :LOL:
Ni chung l rn gi mt khong cch lm vic (working distance) m m?nh v model cm thy thoi
mi.
Ti xin tm dng phn 1 y. Phn ny rt l "boring" nhng rt l quan trng. Vn l bn phi
hon ton hiu bit camera ca m?nh v? trong khi lm vi
c bn ch tp trung ht thi gi quan st
nh sng, iu khin model "posing", v "communication".
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2. Trong rm (shade): Nu
ngoi tri qu nng th? t?m
bng rm chp. Nu chp
di tn cy th? coi chng nh
snh i qua k l s to nhng
kho?ng l ch trn mt ch
:( . Nu chp di hng hin th?
t?m mt ci tng no m
m c mu ng nht (cng t
mu cng tt). Nh vy bn ?
c mt dng "studio ngoi tri"
vi nh sng phn chiu t
ngoi nng vo trong bng
rm.
H?nh ny c chp di hng
hin ca mt nh kho trong
mt ngy rt rt nng. nh sng phn chiu lm cho model b m vng (yellow cast).
Evaluating Metering, fill flash.
3. nh sng mnh (Hard Light): nh sng ny thng l bui tra khi mt tri trn nh u.
nh sng ny rt gt (harsh) nn to shadow rt mnh trn mt ca ch . Khi chp, nh mt ca
ch trong bng mt v coi chng nh sng vo mt model to nn 2 ci l su hom (shadow
over eye sockets) :lol:
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Ni chung nh sng ny nn trnh v? lm cho model nhn nh, m hi nh nhi. Ch chp khi khng
t?m c bng mt no chung quanh.
nh ny c chp dng Center Weight Metering, khng flash. Zoom st vo mt ch , dng TV
setting, o sng, kha setting li, zoom ra ri chp. (khu 11, tc 1/125, ISO setting 100). Dng
reflector. Set up k th vy m vn b "blown out" tay. :down: (Too bad, hic hic hic)
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4. nh sng nh (soft light): y l dng nh sng l? tng nht chp chn dung. Thng l
x chiu khi mt tri xung thp. nh sng nh n ni m ta c th nh?n vo mt tri m khng b
nhu mt (tuy nhin ng nh?n lu qu m ni om m) :LOL: Loi nh sng ny lm cho mt long
lanh (vit ti y em nh ti cu "git nng i hoang vo mt em bun" ca Ng Thy Min).
Sau y l 3 cch dng nh sng nh:
Chp thun nng: Mt tri trc mt model. o sng vng hightlight.
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5. nh sng ht: y l dng nh sng c bit tng i mnh v? n di t ngoi sng vo trong
ti (hay rm). Chp th loi ny nn dng center weighted metering.
Dng 1: Khi nh sng ht vo t 2 bn (di ci pier, cu, lng). Mc d nh sng i vo t 1 pha
nhng cng c 1 phn nh sng ngc li do phn chiu. V d nh nh sau y, ngun sng t bn
phi nhng ta vn thy 1 t nh sng hightlight bn tri.
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Dng 3: Window Lighting. y l dng thng gp nht trong 3 dng (nh no m li khng c
window :noexpress ) khi nh sng ht vo t ca s. Ty theo nh sng mnh hay nh m ch
ng gn hay xa ca s, nu cn th? dng mt tm mng (curtain) cn bt nh sng li. Chp loi
ny th? ly focus con mt gn ca s v o sng phn hightlight khng b blown-out.
nh ny c chp high contrast lm ni bt
character lines. nh sng t ca s l ngun sng
chnh (key light).
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Ti y em xin tng kt phn outdoor lighting. Ni chung, nh sng ngoi tri thay i rt l nhanh,
nn trong khi chp phi bit thay i camera setting ca minh cho ph hp vi iu kin nh sng.
Lun lun xc nh cho c u l ngun sng chnh. "Position" ch sao cho c nhng vng
hightlight v shadow gy c cm gic khng gian 3 chiu.
nh ny, trn mt ch th hin c 4 vng nh sng khc nhau. Vng sng nht l 1, hi sng l
2, trung b?nh l 3, v vng shadow l 4.
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4. Shape (H?nh dng): Shape do ng thc hay ng o to thnh. Thng thng dng tam
gic nh?n n tng nht.
Dng tam gic khi chp n:
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nh ny cn bng hn, v? ch v chic xe p c cng chung "tng" mu, sng, v kch thc.
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6. Pleasing compositional forms (Nhng dng b cc nh?n "d chu"): Ngoi dng tam
gic nu trn, dng L-shaped (hay L ngc), S-shaped (hay S ngc), Z-shaped (hay Z ngc), CShaped (hay C ngc) cng to c nhng b cc nh?n "pleasing" nht.
V d v L-Shaped
V d v S-Shaped
7. Subject Tone: Sau khi t ch ln trn ng mnh hay im mnh ri, mt im quan trng
na l ci "tone" ca ch phi sng hn, nt hn, mu sc ni bt hn (nu chp mu) nhng phn
c?n li ca h?nh.
Trong v d ny, sng v nt lm ni bt mt (frontal) ca ch v gip "stand out".
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Nu chp Full-Length (Chp "nguyn con"), th? camera phi c t ngang tht lng gi ng
perspective.
2. Head Positions (v tr u): Nu Camera Height nh hng n chiu cao ca ch th? Head
Positions nh hng n trng lng ca ch (tuy nhin cng ty thuc vo cch t nh sng
na).
C 3 v tr u c bn nht trong chn dung l: 7/8, 3/4, v profile.
Seven-Eighths View (7/8): v tr ny mt bn mt
ca ch c thy nhiu hn pha bn kia, tuy
nhin ta vn thy c ci tai.
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3. Framing: y l 1 k thut rt quan trng n CNNC (Cch nh?n nhn ch ). Thng th? nh
c chp trn nhng format tiu chun nh: 4-by-6, 5-by-7, 5-by-5, 5-by-4, tng thm tnh a
dng cho format th? ta dng phng php Framing, c ngha l dng nhng ng thc v ng o
to nn 1 ci frame khc bn trong mt trong nhng frame tiu chun k trn.
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nh ny b cc c chc ch hn l nh ci v?m
pha sau "frame" ch li.
nh ny my c nghing, tuy nhin , khng ging nh nh trn, ngi xem khng bit my c
nghing theo gc no v? chung quanh khng c g?
c n c theo so snh.
Tm li, nhng k thut k trn gip ta lm ch c b cc, thay i hay gi CNNC (perspective)
t c kt qu theo mun.
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2. Fill light: Mc ch chnh ca Fill Light l lm nh i phn shadow to bi Key Light. V vy, Fill
Light lun lun "nh" hn (less powerful) Key light, c?n nh hn nh th no quyt nh ci "mood"
ca nh.
T l thng thng gia Key v Fill l 3:1. T l cng ln (4:1, 5:1, v ngay c no fill light) th nhn kch
tnh hn (more dramatic). Nhng t l ny thuc v nhm "high contrast" (chnh lch cao gia
highlight v shadow).
T l cng nh th nhn "du" hn (pleasing). V d nh: 3:2.
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Phn trn ni v cc loi n dng trong studio: Key light (phi c), fill light, hair light, background
light, kicker (optional), i khi reflector cng c dng nh key light.
Trong studio c 5 loi setting chnh: Paramount, Loop, Rembrandt, Split, v Profile.
d hiu cho bi vit, cc bn c tng tng studio setting ging nh ci mt ng h (xin ng xi
ng h digital :lol: ). Ch c ngi trung tm ng h, camera c t v tr 6 gi, v ty
theo th loi nh sng c dng m cc n c thay i cho ph hp.
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(illuminate) ng na mt ca ch , na c?n li
hon ton trong vng ti. nh sng ny dng
lm "m" i (slim) nhng ngi c kh mt hay
mi "rng". nh sng ny t c dng trong
nhip nh thng mi (commercial photography).
Nu dng th? t l Key v Fill thng l 3:2.
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1. ISO: V? ta hon ton lm ch nh sng nn trnh nh b noise, lun lun set 100.
2. Khu : Trong studio, th? background khng c?n l "problem", v? background thng l mt mu
trn, kt hp vi background light ( to vignette effect) nn ta khng phi lo lng nhiu v nhng
ci lnh knh lm phn tm ngi nh?n khi chp ti "location". V? th, set khu nh nh c nt
cao v "chiu su nh trng" (DOF) rng.
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V? c nhiu loi n flash khc nhau (vi cng sut khc nhau) nn v d sau ch c tnh cch tng
trng.
u tin set key light "nh" 3/4 cng sut ca n.
Test Shot: Chp th mt tm, trn camera, bt histogram ln (xin coi tip 1 v cch c histogram).
Nu nh d sng th? ta c nhng cch iu chnh sau: gim cng sut n xung, hoc di chuyn key
light xa ra, hoc tng tc trn my, hoc ng khu nh li.
Nu nh thiu sng th? (bn c th on): tng cng sut n ln, hoc di chuyn flash gn li, hoc
gi?m tc trn my (nhng ng gi?m di 1/60s), hoc m khu ln ln (nhng ng ln hn
f/5.6).
Ti y, hi vng bn ? c khi nim v cch thc hin mt "test shot". Ni chung l cn phi linh
ng quyt nh cn phi hiu chnh nhng setting ca "nhm yu t 1" (flash), hoc "nhm yu t 2"
(camera).
K thut chp Artificial Light: Artificial light l nhng loi n nh neon, tungsten, spotlight... Nhng
loi n ny c xp vo nhm "low light". Tht vy cho d l bn n Las Vegas hay New York l
nhng ni c nh sng rc r v m, nhng nh sng ca city light khng th so sng vi nh sng
mt tri c. Ty theo yu cu m ta cn bit nhng im c bn sau khi "i ph" vi loi nh sng
ny.
Trng hp background khng cn thit: V d nh bn chp mt s kin m s kin c bit quan
trng hn c background nhiu th? chn ly "gii php an ton" l chp tc m n cho php. Lm
nh vy th? ch s thy r? v sng trong khi background hon ton ch?m trong bng ti.
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Trng hp khng th dng flash c th? tng ISO, nu vn thiu sng m ln khu hn, hoc
chp tc chm li (nu bn chp di 1/60s th? nn dng monopod)
nh sau, mc d ISO c set 1600 m vn khng sng nn tc c set 1/45s, my c
"t?" trn bn cho vng.
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Quote:
Bc hafoto cho e hi: Trng hp chp vi flash trn l ch dng vi TTL hay l c th s dng c cho c nonTTL? Cm n bc
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Kinh in nhip nh ?i hi ch
pose k lng t u, tay, ngn tay,
chn, ng, ngi, nm....ti mc hon
chnh. Lm nh vy thng lm cho
ch cng thng (? kin ring ca
hafoto). lm cho posing tr nn d
dng, ngoi vai v gc my nu trn
bn ch cn nh thm:
Mt t th pose p l mt t th m
ch cm thy thoi mi, ging nh
mt t th tht, bn ch iu chnh ch
sao cho b cc tha mn.
Chi tay v chn nn nm trn cng
vng mt phng vi u (plane) v hi
gp khc to nhng ng cho dn ti mt ch .
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Cng chp bn chn dung, nh di chp Focal Length 210mm, v background hu nh b loi b
hon ton.
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Nhng k thut trn nhm mc ch to nn nhng thnh phn c bn nht ca nhip nh (visual art
ni chung) l: ng (line), dng (shape), hnh khi (form), cht lng ca b mt (texture), pattern
(ci ny kh dch nh????), v mu sc (color).
Sau y l mt s khi nim c bn nht khi design mt tm chn dung. Posing p l s kt hp gia
ch v ngi chp (photographer). Trong ngi chp ng phn quan trng hn. Quan trng
hn l v? ngi chp chn la, sp t, dn dng (ni chung l design) nhng thnh phn c bn ca
nhip nh (photographic elements) nh line, shape, form,...v quyt nh thnh phn no s ng
phn ch o trong tc phm ca mnh.
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Trc khi i vo phn "Communication" l phn c bit quan trng trong nhip nh chn dung, ta nn
nm vi nt c bn nht trong vic design mt tm nh (vn khng n thun ch l posing)
1. Line (ng): y l thnh phn c bn nht ca nhip nh. Khi bn nhn vo viewfinder vn
quan trng l bn phi nhn ra ng (xin xem cc tips trc v ng thc v ng o).
nh trn, ch pose kh cng nhc, nhng vi k thut nghing my, ngi chp c th to nn 2
ng cho ph i ci "b ng" ca khung hnh ch nht.
2. Shape (h?nh dng): S lin kt ca "line" to thnh "shape"
3. Form (h?nh khi): Nu Shape l phn mt phng 2 chiu th Form ni v khng gian 3 chiu. Nhip
nh l ngh thut thu khng gian 3 chiu ln nn mt phng 2 chiu, nn ngi chp cn phi to cho
ngi xem nh c "cm gic" khng gian 3 chiu. gy n tng ny th ngun sng chnh lun c
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4. Texture: Mt th php thng dng trong nhip nh chn dung l nhn mnh v lm ni bt b mt
ca da (skintone)... Ci ny ?i hi nh c nt cao (do ly nt tt, cht lng ng knh, v k thut
sharpen) gy n tng cho ngi xem nh. Ty theo yu cu m i khi k thut "lght diffusing"
c km theo gy cm gic "pleasant" cho ngi nhn (trng hp glamourous photography).
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nh trn chp tiu c 100 mm (nhng nh?n gn hn l v? chp vi digital Canon nhn vi factor 1.6,
C'mon i khi thi m u cn phi chnh xc vy). Lu ? thm l vi k thut framing ch b tch
ra hon ton vi background hn n.
im th 2 quan trng l lun lun bt u vi t th da (ng hay ngi). Vi t th ny cho d
model chuyn hay khng th? t th da lun lm cho ch cm thy thoi mi v t tin nht.
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