Hng dn cach kim tra tng i chnh xac ca Cng t in

nh minh ha
Gi in ngy cng tng, tin in hng thng l mt trong nhng mi quan tm ca cc gia
nh. c bit cc h gia nh s dng li in ca cc h khc.
i vi nhng h s dng cng t ring, i khi bng cm tnh, nhn thy cng t in chy nhanh bt
thng nhng vn cha dm lm n yu cu c thay in k v s rng cm nhn sai.
i vi nhng h s dng in li t cc h chnh khi thy cng t chy nhanh bt thng, c th s
nghi ng, nhng s khng thuyt phc nu mun ch nh tr thay th cng t in v l do km thuyt
phc "ti cm thy n chy rt nhanh...".
Phm vi bi vit ny s hng dn cch kim tra tng i chnh xc ca cng t in m bn ang
s dng ng thi cng gip pht hin nhng s tht thot in t mt s nguyn nhn khc.
Phn 1 : Nhng khi nim chung nht:
1/ Gi tri 1kWh l bao nhiu in nng y?
n vi tnh ca in nng l kWh. Mc d hu ht mi ngi u bit l mi thng nh mnh s dng
bao nhiu kWH in nhng hu nh t ngi bit l vi 1 kWh in mnh c th lm c vic g.
Cng thc cn dng l : A = P.t
Trong :
- A l in nng s dng (kWh);
- P l cng sut thit bi (kW);
- t l thi gian (h).
V in nng hng thng tnh bng kWh nn cng sut ta s tnh bng kW, thi gian ta tnh bng gi.

 l gii vn ny ta ly 2 v d sau:
V d 1 : Bn c mt ni cm c ghi cng sut l 1000W (1kW). Mi ln nu cm bn cn thi gian 30
pht (0.5 gi). Vy in nng bn s dng cho 1 ln nu cm vi ci ni l : 1kW.0.5h = 0.5KWh.
Nh vy c th ni vi 1 kWh bn c th nu 2 ni cm vi ci ni mnh va k (khng tnh phn in
dng hm cm nh).
V d 2 : Bn c 1 bng n trn cng sut l 100W(0.1kW). Vy vi 1kWh bn c th thp sng bng
n ny trong bao lu? S dng cng thc t = A/P => t = 1/0.1 = 10h. Vy 1KWh thp c 1 bng n
trn 100W trong 10h.
c ti y, khng chng mt s bn ni ngay : nht inh cng t nh mnh chy nhanh v s dng
c my ci n sao tn tin in nhiu th? Ta c bnh tnh m c tip phn sau nh.
2/.Tc quay ca cng t nh th no l nhanh?
Mt trong nhng ch s quan trng c ghi trn mt cng t in chnh l s vng quay ca a quay
tng ng vi 1 kWh. Cng t Vit Nam thng ghi l 450 vng / kWh. Nu ghi ting Anh s l
450rev/kWh. Cc cng t khc nhau v ch s ny s c tc chy khc nhau khi s dng 1 ti. V d
th ny : Nu bn s dng 1kWh, khi o bng cng t c ghi 225 vng/ kWh th cng t s quay khong
225vng. Nu bn s dng cng t c ghi l 450 vng / kWh th cng t s quay 450 vng. Bng mt
thng ta s thy cng t sau quay nhanh hn nhng thc cht s kWh ch thi ca ng h in l nh
nhau.
Ta ni thm 1 cht : Nu ta s dng cng t 450 vng / kWh th nu ta s dng 0.1KWh th cng t quay
my vng? r rng l n quay c 0.1kWh x (450vng / 1kWWh) = 45 vng. Hy lu con s ny nh,
s cn s dng li sau ny.
Phn 2 : Kim tra cng t in:

Bc 1 : Bn tt tt c cc thit bi in, tt lun CB chnh ngay ti cng t. Kt qu mong mun l cng

t khng quay hoc rt lu khong 5, 10 pht mi quay c 1 vng. Nu cng t quay vi tc no
th bn cng tnh c mi thng bn mt bao nhiu v cng t t chy ri. Nu s lng t th cng
nn b qua v nguyn tc cng t no cng s nhc nhch i cht nu ta khng xi g c.

Bc 2: By gi bn ng CB chnh ln nhng vn tt tt c thit bi. Tt y l tt hn ch khng

phi ch standby (Nu TV ca bn cn iu khin tt m c bng remote ngha l bn ang
ch standby ). By gi quan st cng t:
_Nu cng t khng quay th h thng in nh ca bn tt, khng c hin tng r in.
_Nu cng t c quay th bn nn m th trong mt s pht cng t quay bao nhiu vng, ghi li s th
nht. (so1). T so1 ny bn tnh ra c 1 ngy, 1 thng h thng in ca bn bi r bao nhiu. Nu s
lng ng k th bn phi tm ra ch r m khc phc n tit kim in. Bc ny bn cn m v
tnh cho ti 1 gi cng t quay c bao nhiu v ghi li s so2.

Bc 3 : Bn s dng mt bng n trn 100W (l 0,1kW) v cm vo cho n sng v ngi m s

vng quay. Bn s m s vng quay ny trong vng 1 gi. B ra 1 gi lm vic ny chc chn rt
nhm chn nhng n s gip bn gii ta mi nghi ng trong mt thi gian di th cng ng lm ch,
phi khng cc bn. C s vng trong vng 1 gi th bn ghi li s so3. Nu bn khng kin tr lm th c
th theo di trong thi gian ngn hn, lc ny cng theo t l tam xut thun m tnh thi.

Bc 4: Bn nn nh l s so3 chnh l s vng tng ng 0.1kWH in. Bn tnh so4 = (so3 so2)x10.
Nu so4 bng vi s vng / kWh ghi trn cng t th cng t chy ng. Nu nh hn th cng t chy
chm. Nu ln hn th cng t chy nhanh.
im cn lu cui cng l php o ny ch mang tnh cht tng i. V sai s s l sai s ca cng
sut bng n cng vi sai s ca cng t in. Nhng nu kt qu sai lch t vi chc phn trm tr
ln bn c th yn tm nghi c kim tra cng t. Vi sai s nh hn bn c th cn nhc v quyt
inh.
Bn c th dng ti ln hn kim tra nh dng nhiu bng n mc song song hoc ni cm in...
Bn khng nn dng bn i v bn i s tt khi nhit. Bn cng khng nn dng cc ti c cos phi
khc 1 nh bng n hunh quang...
Nu bn thc hin kim tra theo phng php ny, chc bn c kt qu hi lng v s chnh xc ca
cng t in cn yn tm lo nhng cng vic khc na.
Nu chc chn v hnh vi gian ln hoc v chnh xc ca ng h in, bn gi vo s my in
thoi ca tng i CallCenter ca Cng ty in lc Bnh inh: 19001248 c tr gip.
Ngc Quang (Su tm)

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