Mn hc: Bnh cy i cng

Phn 1: i cng
Bi 1: Khi nim bnh, nguyn nhn gy bnh

Bi 2: Khi nim tng tc bnh

Bi 3: Sinh thi bnh
Bi 4: Phng chng

Phn 2: Chuyn khoa

Bi 5: Nm v bnh nm
Bi 6: Bnh nm hi cy lng thc
Bi 7: Bnh nm hi cy rau, hoa, CAQ, CCN
Bi 8: Vi khun/phytoplasma v bnh vi khun/phytoplasma
Bi 9: Virus/viroid v bnh virus/viroid
Bi 10: Tuyn trng v bnh tuyn trng

Bnh virus & viroid

1. Virus thc vt
2. Bnh khm l thuc l (TMV)
3. Bnh xon vng l c chua (begomovirus)
4. Bnh m hnh nhn u (PRSV)

Virus thc vt

Hin c khong gn 4000 loi virus.

Khong 1000 loi gy bnh thc vt

min Nam Vit Nam, bnh la ln

xon l ang nghim trng (bi 1)

Bnh virus
1. Triu chng bnh virus
a. Khm l (ch xanh ch vng loang l xen
k nhau)

Bean common mosaic

virus (BCMV)

Turnip mosaic virus

(TuMV)

(u a / Ha Bnh)

(Ci c / c Lc)

Bnh virus
1. Triu chng bnh virus
b. Ln cy

Groundnut rosette virus

(GRV) lc

Shallot yellow stripe virus

(SYSV) (Hnh / Hu)

Bnh virus
1. Triu chng bnh virus
c. Xon, cun l

Cc begomovirus
C chua - H Ni

Bnh virus
1. Triu chng bnh virus
d. Bin vng

Clerodendrum golden
mosaic virus (ClGMV)

Erectites yellow mosaic

virus (ErYMV)

(M / in Bin Ph

(Rrau tu bay / Ha Bnh)

Bnh virus
1. Triu chng bnh virus
f. Vng gn

Lindernia anagallis
yellow vein virus
(LaYVV)
(L ng / Sn Ty)

Alternanthera yellow
vein virus (AlYVV)

(Nh ni / H Ni)

2. Lch s

Virus thc vt

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

Ba nh khoa hc (tri sang phi):

1. Adolf Mayer (H Lan, 1843-1942)
2. Dimitrij Ivanovskij (Nga, 1864-1920)
3. Martinus Beijerinck (H Lan, 18511931) Cha ca ngnh virus hc

2. Lch s

Virus thc vt

1. Nm 1882, Mayer m t bnh khm l thuc l.

2. Nm 1886, Mayer chng t bnh c th lan truyn
qua dch cy v cho rng tc nhn gy bnh c l
l vi khun.

3. Nm 1892, Ivanovskij chng minh tc nhn gy

bnh c th truyn qua nn lc vi khun v cho
rng l cht c do vi khun tit ra hoc vi
khun c kch thc rt nh.
4. Nm 1898, Beijerinck lp li th nghim ca
Ivanovskij v ln u tin chng minh tc nhn
gy bnh khng phi vi khun, c kh nng qua
lc, sng (nhn ln trong cy bnh) v ha tan.
Cng trnh ca ng c xem l khai sinh ngnh
virus hc.

3. Kch thc

Virus thc vt

C th virus c
gi l phn t virus
(virion).

Phn t virus c
kch thc rt nh
(vi chc ti vi trm
nm) nn ch c th
quan st c bng
knh hin vi in t
( phng i ti
thiu 100.000 x).

4. Hnh dng

Virus thc vt

1. Hnh si mm
2. Hnh gy
3. Hnh chy
4. Hnh nhng
5. Hnh cu a din
1. Potato virus Y (PVY)

3. Tomato yellow leaf

curl virus (TYLCV)

2. Tobacco mosaic virus

(TMV)

4. Rice tungro bacilliform 5. Cucumber mosaic

virus (RTBV)
virus (CMV

4. Cu to

Virus thc vt

Tc nhn gy bnh c bit khng c cu to t bo

Th ng ch gm hai thnh phn chnh l acid
nucleic v protein.

Axit nucleic ca a s virut thc vt l ARN, mt s

t l ADN.
Acid nucleic nm bn trong c bao bc bng
mt lp v ngoi protein.

Cu trc
phn t
TMV

Virus thc vt
5. C ch gy hi
Virus gy hi cy nh 2 qu trnh:
(1) virus s dng vt liu ca t bo cy
sinh sn v

(2) quan trng hn, cc sn phm protein ca

virus tng tc vi cc thnh phn ca t
bo cy lm ri lon chc nng sinh l ca
t bo cy v gy ra triu chng
So snh:
Nm, vi khun: tit enzim (protein) phn
hy cc vt cht t bo k ch thnh
nhng cht m nm v vi khun s hp th
qua mng

6. Sinh sn

Virus thc vt

Sau khi xm nhp t bo k ch, s ti sinh

virus tri qua 4 giai on:
1. Tho v gii phng b gien virus

2. Tng hp protein virus

3. Tng hp b gien mi ca virus
4. Lp rp phn t virus mi

6. Sinh sn

Virus thc vt

Virus ch m ha mt s t gien nn s sinh

sn ca virus trong t bo cy ph thuc
hon ton vo b my tng hp axit
nucleic v protein ca k ch mc d
cc protein ca virus cng c tham gia
vo qu trnh ny.
V d:

Virus gy xon l c chua: 6 gien

Virus gy m vng u : 9 gien

7. Xm nhp

Virus thc vt

Virus xm nhp vo cy hon

ton th ng:
Qua vt thng c gii:
virus t l bnh xm nhp
vo l khe nh c xt to
vt thng
Qua mi gii: mi gii
truyn bnh chch np virus
t cy bnh ri truyn trc
tip sang cy khe

Phn t virus

Virus thc vt
8. Lan truyn ngoi t nhin
Virus lan truyn t cy ny sang cy khc, t v ny
sang v khc nh tip xc c hc, mi gii v
qua vt liu ging
Lan truyn qua tip xc c hc (rt t ngoi t
nhin):

Cc tn thng c hc: tip xc, c xt, va

chm, chm sc, vun xi, ta cnh l.

V d: virus TMV gy bnh khm l thuc l

Virus thc vt
8. Lan truyn ngoi t nhin
Virus lan truyn t cy ny sang cy khc, t v ny
sang v khc nh tip xc c hc, mi gii v qua
vt liu ging
Lan truyn qua mi gii (cc k quan trng):

Phn ln virus truyn theo phng thc ny.

Cc mi gii l cn trng, nhn hi cy, tuyn

trng, nm, t hng.

Nhm mi gii quan trng nht ca virus thc vt

l cn trng ming chch ht nh rp mui, b ry,
b phn.

Gm 4 kiu truyn: khng bn vng, bn bn

vng, bn vng tun hon v bn vng ti sinh

Virus thc vt
8. Lan truyn ngoi t nhin
Lan truyn qua cn trng mi gii

Chch np
trn cy bnh

Chch truyn
trn cy khe

Virus thc vt
8. Lan truyn ngoi t nhin
Mt s cn trng mi gii quan trng

Ry nu:
mi gii ca
bnh la ln
xon l...

Ry xanh
ui en:
mi gii ca
bnh tungro
trn la...

B phn:
mi gii ca
bnh xon
vng l c
chua...

Rp mui: mi
gii ca bnh
m vng u
...

a thc, rt
kh phng
tr

Rp mui c 2
loi hnh: c v
khng cnh

Virus thc vt
8. Lan truyn ngoi t nhin
Phng thc truyn qua cn trng mi gii
Gm 4 kiu truyn:

Khng bn vng (non-persistence)

Bn bn vng (semi-persistence)

Bn vng tun hon (circulative

persistence)

Bn vng ti sinh (propagative persistence)

7. Lan truyn
Bn vng tun
hon: di chuyn
bn trong

Khng bn
vng

Bn bn vng

Bn vng ti sinh:
Ti sinh bn trong
+ c th truyn
qua trng

Virus thc vt
8. Lan truyn ngoi t nhin

4 kiu truyn qua cn trng

Kiu truyn

V tr
trong cn
trng

Thi gian
chch np

Vi

nhiu giy

khng

Ti a vi gi

khng

khng

Bn bn vng

Rut
trc

nhiu pht

khng

Vi ngy

khng

khng

Bn vng tun
hon

Xoang c
th

> 15 pht

Nhiu gi

nhiu gi ti
vi tun

khng

khng

Bn vng ti
sinh

Xoang c
th

> 15 pht

Nhiu ngy

Lin tc,
thng c i

Khng bn
vng

Thi gian n Thi gian tn Nhn ln Truyn

ti kh nhim trong cn
qua
trng
trng

1. Th i gian chch np: th i gian cn trng chch ht trn cy bnh v np

lng virus c th truyn bnh

2. Th i gian n: th i gian cn trng np lng virus nhng khng th

truyn virus
3. Th i gian tn ti kh nhim: th i gian cn trng c th truyn thnh cng
virus sang cy khe = th i gian virus c th tn ti trong c th cn trng

Virus thc vt
8. Lan truyn ngoi t nhin
V d: 4 kiu truyn qua cn trng
1. Khng bn vng: rp o truyn Papaya ringspot virus
(PRSV) gy bnh m hnh nhn u c th i gian chch np
= 10 60 giy, th i gian tn ti kh nhim ti 60 pht.
2. Bn bn vng: ry xanh ui en truyn Rice tungo
bacilliform virus (RTBV) gy bnh tungro trn la c th i gian
chch np = 30 pht, th i gian tn ti kh nhim ti 4 ngy.
3. Bn vng tun hon: b phn truyn African cassava mosaic
virus (ACMV) gy bnh khm l sn c th i gian chch np ti
thiu 3.5 gi , th i k n = 8 gi , th i gian tn ti kh nhim
khong 9 gi .
4. Bn vng ti sinh: ry nu truyn Rice grassy stunt virus
(RGSV) gy bnh la c c th i gian chch np = 1 gi , th i k
n = 3-28 ngy, th i gian tn ti kh nhim c i.

Virus thc vt
8. Lan truyn ngoi t nhin
V d: 4 kiu truyn qua cn trng
1. Khng bn vng: rp o truyn Papaya ringspot virus
(PRSV) gy bnh m hnh nhn u c th i gian chch np
= 10 60 giy, th i gian tn ti kh nhim ti 60 pht.
2. Bn bn vng: ry xanh ui en truyn Rice tungo
bacilliform virus (RTBV) gy bnh tungro trn la c th i gian
chch np = 30 pht, th i gian tn ti kh nhim ti 4 ngy.
3. Bn vng tun hon: b phn truyn African cassava mosaic
virus (ACMV) gy bnh khm l sn c th i gian chch np ti
thiu 3.5 gi , th i k n = 8 gi , th i gian tn ti kh nhim
khong 9 gi .
4. Bn vng ti sinh: ry nu truyn Rice grassy stunt virus
(RGSV) gy bnh la c c th i gian chch np = 1 gi , th i k
n = 3-28 ngy, th i gian tn ti kh nhim c i.

Bnh khm l thuc l

(Tobacco mosaic virus - TMV)
L mt trong nhng bnh ph bin
nht trn thuc l
Virus gy bnh c th nhim trn
nhiu cy trng, c bit c chua

Bnh khm l thuc l

1. Triu chng

Cy bnh nhim h thng triu chng u tin

xut hin trn l non gm cc vt m xanh, vng
xen k nhau, gn l nht nht. L ngng pht
trin, phin l nh hp, mt l g gh.

Cy nh ch bng 1/2 - 1/4 ln so vi cy kho.

Bnh khm l thuc l

1. Triu chng
Virus c th nhim trn nhiu cy trng khc. V d
virus c th gy triu chng khm l trn c chua

Bnh khm l thuc l

2 Nguyn nhn
Tn: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

L virus c ngha lch s

Thuc chi Tobamovirus

Bnh khm l thuc l

2 Nguyn nhn
Hnh gy, kch thc 300 x 15 nm.

Phn t gm 2300 tiu phn protein bao quanh 1

phn t RNA gm khong 6400 nucleotid.

Bnh khm l thuc l

2 Nguyn nhn
Virus c b gen RNA si n, m ha 5 phn t
protein l:
CP (coat protein): v protein (tiu phn protein)
MP (movement protein): protein vn chuyn gip
virus di chuyn gia cc t bo
Replicase: protein lin quan ti sinh virus
2 protein cn li c chc nng cha r

Bnh khm l thuc l

2 Nguyn nhn
Trong t bo virus c th hnh thnh tinh th a gic

L bnh,
lng l v
tinh th
virus trong
t bo
lng l

Bnh khm l thuc l

2 Nguyn nhn

Ngng nhit mt hot tnh (Q 10) = 93 OC

Th i gian tn ti trong dch chit = 1 thng

Ngng pha long gii hn: 10-6 10-7

Virus c ph k ch rng: 230 loi /32 h

L virus thc vt bn nht: virus tinh chit

(bo qun 4OC) vn duy tr kh nng nhim
bnh sau 50 nm; virus tn ti lu di trong
tn d v thuc l ch bin; virus trong m
gi c hot tnh gy bnh sau 30 pht sy
nhit 120 0C.

Bnh khm l thuc l

3. Pht sinh pht trin
Virus c kh nng lan truyn cao
Virus xm nhp d dng qua tip xc c hc (c xt
l, ct ta...)
Vrus lan truyn qua ht ging (tn ti trn b mt v
ht)
Virus c th lan truyn qua cn trng ming nhai.
Th i k tim dc ph thuc vo iu kin nhit :
nhit 30 0C l 5 ngy, nhit thp hn l 2
thng, trung bnh l 8 - 10 ngy.
Cc ging thuc l, thuc lo hin ang trng u b
nhim

Bnh khm l thuc l

4. Phng tr

S dng ging chng bnh, ging sch

bnh. Chn ging t nhng rung khng
b nhim bnh.

Lun canh vi cy trng khc h.

Dn sch tn d cy bnh.

Kh trng dng c thu hi bng Formalin

4 %, ra tay v dng c bng x phng.

Thu hoch ring cy bnh, cy kho.

Nh b cy bnh trn ng rung v dit

cn trng mi gii

Bnh xon vng l c chua

Phc hp nhiu loi begomovirrus.
L mt trong nhng bnh nghim trng
nht

L bnh virus ph bin v nghim trng

nht trn c chua Vit Nam

Bnh xon vng l c chua

1. Triu chng

L khng c hnh dng,

nh hp, bin vng t
mp v cht l lan vo
gia gn (c bit l non)

L cun cong ln pha

trn thnh hnh thuyn

Nhim bnh lc cy cn
nh cy s b xon l
ngn rt nhanh v khng
th pht trin, khng c
hoa qu.

Bnh xon vng l c chua

2. Nguyn nhn
C khong 40 loi begomovirrus gy bnh
xon vng l c chua.

Min Bc xc nh c 2 loi:
1. Tomato leaf curl Vietnam virus (ToLCVV)
2. Tomato yellow leaf curl Vietnam virus
(TYLCVNV)

Tt c cc loi trn thuc chi Begomovirus

Bnh xon vng l c chua

2. Nguyn nhn
Cc loi begomovirus u c hnh thi
phn t l hnh chy (hnh cu kp)
gm 110 (55 x 2) tiu phn protein

Bnh xon vng l c chua

2. Nguyn nhn

Begomovirus c b gen DNA si vng

n m ha cho khong 6 gen
1. CP (coat protein): protein v
& vn chuyn

V2
C4

2. Rep (replication protein): ti

sinh virus.
CP

Rep
REn
TrAP

3. TrAP (transcriptional
activator protein): phin m

4. REn (replication enhancer):

dch m
5. C4 v V2 protein: cha r

Bnh xon vng l c chua

3. Pht sinh pht trin
Cc begomovirus c chua khng truyn
qua ht ging, khng truyn qua tip
xc c hc.

Bnh xon vng l c chua

3. Pht sinh pht trin
Virus xm nhp vo
cy v lan truyn
trn ng rung
bng b phn
(Bemisia tabaci)

B phn truyn
begomovirus theo
kiu bn vng tun
hon

Bnh xon vng l c chua

3. Pht sinh pht trin

Nghin cu vi Tomato yellow leaf curl virus

(TYLCV) ti Israel cho thy:

Th i gian chch np v chch truyn khong 15

20 pht.
Th i k tim n khong 8 gi

Virus c th truyn qua giao phi t b phn c

sang b phn ci v ngc li.

Mt c th b phn c th truyn bnh sau khi

chch np 24 gi mc d t l truyn bnh khng
cao; t l truyn bnh t 100 % nu s dng 5
15 b phn.

Bnh xon vng l c chua

3. Pht sinh pht trin

Ly bnh xon l c chua Vit Nam cho

thy: 3 - 4 b phn tip c kh nng ly
bnh tt. Th i k tim dc trong b phn
l 11 ngy

pha Bc Vit Nam, bnh nng vo thng

8 - 12 ( v sm), vo thng 3 - 5 (v xun
h). V c chua chnh v bnh hi nh
hn.

Bnh xon vng l c chua

4. Phng tr
Kh do khng c ging khng v b phn
l loi a thc (khong 600 loi cy)

Bo v cy: trng cch ly trong nh mn,

nh knh; loi b cy bnh

Dit b phn: phun thuc 15 ngy/ ln;

dng giy bc phn x xua ui; dng by
b mu vng.
To ging khng chuyn gien

Bnh m hnh nhn u

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)

Chi Potyvirus
Genome: RNA si n cc dng

Bnh m hnh nhn u

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)

Chi Potyvirus
Genome: RNA si n cc dng

Bnh m hnh nhn u

1. Triu chng

Qu: chm, m hnh nhn, trong;

bin dng
Cung l, thn: sc trong
L: khm l, bin dng (mt thy,
ch cn li gn). Triu chng biu
hin r rt trn l non
Cy: ln

Bnh m hnh nhn u

1. Triu chng

Bnh m hnh nhn u

1. Triu chng

Bnh m hnh nhn u

2. Nguyn nhn
Chi Potyvirus
B gen: RNA si n, cc (+)
Phn t hnh si mm (~ 700 nm)

Lan truyn

Tip xc c hc: t c ngha ngoi t nhin.

Vector: bnh ngoi t nhin ch yu lan truyn

nh nhiu loi rp mui (aphids) theo kiu khng
bn vng

Khng truyn qua ht

Bnh m hnh nhn u

2. Nguyn nhn
Gm 2 type

PRSV-P: nhim u

PRSV-W: bu b

PRSV-W trn bu

Bnh m hnh nhn u

3. Phng tr
Kh

Hin ti, bin php duy nht c hiu qu l

dng cy chuyn gen s dng gen khng
c ngun gc t virus, chng hn gen CP
ca virus.

Bnh m hnh nhn u

3. Phng tr
Tnh khng thng qua gen CP

Cy u c
chuyn gen CP ca
PRSV => khng PRSV

Cy u i chng
=> nhim PRSV

Bnh m hnh nhn u

3. Phng tr
Tnh khng thng qua gen CP
u c chuyn
gen CP ca PRSV