1 STANDARDS For each ductwork system, the designer shall provide the information covered by 1.1 and 1.2, and shall also state any departure from the standard specification in respect of 1.3, 1.4 and 15. Lt Pressure classification (Table 1) 1.2 Leakage classification (Table 2) 1.3 Materials (Section 7) 1.4 Negative pressures (Table 1) 1.5 Variable sir volume (Section 9.2) 2° COMPONENTS ‘The designer shall practicable) pr items 2.1 102.5 2.1 Access openings (Section 21) Number and location of all access doors, wcoess panels test holes and instrument openings, Other than those regarded as standaed practice re relevant and formation in respect of the 2.2 Controt dampers (Section 22) Detais 2nd location ofall coniral dampers, 2.3 Fire dampers (Sectian 23) Specification and location ofall fire dampers to meet the requirements of the Authority diret concerned with fire regulations, 2.4 Bendable/flesible ducts (Seetions24 and25) Details and location of any connections ipte duets and 2.5 Flexible joints (Section 26) Details and location of any flexible joints 3 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS ‘The designer shall also (where relevant and practicable) provide information in respect of the items 3.1 103.10. 3.1 Air leakage testing ‘The extent of any leakage testing requiced for ductwork other than high-pressute Cece 6.9); fred the method of testing i different fr0% set out in Appendix B (page 77). 3.2 Protective treatments (Section 28) Details and specification of any fire resistant or other special protective treatment. howd RAL I Part One — Yechnical Information to be provided by designer 3.3 Special finishes (Section 28) Details of any special finishes required, ¢.g. galvanizing after manufacture, metal spraying, j plating, anodizing, special paints. 3.4 Thermal insulation (Section 31) ‘The extent (ifany) to which the ductwork i to, beinsulatedand detailsof the type of insulation tobe applied. G 3.5 Vapour sealing (Section 19.6) ‘The extent (ifany} to whick vapour sealing is t6 be applied to insulated ductwork; znd ifso, whether to be to Method | or Method 2 3.6 Accustic treatment (Section 30) ‘The extent (ifany) to which aay acoustic lining or any other treatment is to be provided for the ductwork; and by whom, wis detailed specification 3.7 Attachment to uit 19 and 29) Details of any limitations on the attach ment of the ductwork tothe building steuewure (including any special provisions designed to prevent the transmission of vibration; ur of any spanning steelwork or speciai ductwork supports nor covered by shis spect structure (Sections 3.8 Variable air-voluine systems Identification of any part of the ductwork system requiring modified construction, ¢.g. to counteract exceptional changes in pressure when the system is in operation which might otherwise give rise to an oil-canning’ effect, 3.9 Negative pressures ‘Acy exceptional stiffening required to prevent unacceptable panel distortion and excessive air leakage if negative pressures are likely 10 exceed the limits set out in Table 1 (page 13). 3.10 Other requirements Details of any requirements for the ductwork ‘notin accordance with the provisions of this specification, including any modified struction required to coriform with any regulations eancerning external ductwork oF 0 meet the requirements af a locat authority or other controlling body.< @ 2SPrevious sheet metal ductwork specifications Ductwork Specification for High-Velocity Air Systems (Circular) 1963 ~ Standard Range of Rectangular Ducting 1967 DW/131 Sheet Metal Ductwork Specification for High- Velocity Air Systems (Rectangular) 1968 DW/121__ Specification for Sheet Metal Ductwork (Low- Pe Velocity Low-Pressure AirSytems) 2° 0. 7 Rectangular and Circular) = Metric 1969 DW/122B Specification for Sheet Metal Ductwork (Low- i Veleocity Low-Pressure Air Systems) (Rectangular and Circular) - British 1969 DW/112_.” Standard Range of Rectangular Ducts and | Fittings— Metric and British Units 1970 DW/132 ” “Specifcation for Sheet Metal Ductwork (High- locity High-Pressure Air Systems) (Rectangular, Circular and Fiat Oval) - Metric 1970 DW/141 Specification for Sheet Metal Ductwork (Low- and High-Velocity/Pressure Air Systems) (Rectangular, Circular and Flat Oval)—Metrie 1977 Note ‘THIS SPECIFICATION was prepared by a Dra! ‘ne Panel representing a wide range of interests — ductwork contract. ., general mechanical services contractors, consulting engineers, quantity surveyors, research associations, hospital authorities, equipment manufacturers and others. In key areas, extensive testing was carried out by the Building Services Research and Information Association to establish the reliability of the provisions contained herein. While therefore the greatest care has been taken to ensure the validity and reliability of the provisions in the specification, the Heating and Ventilating Contractors’ Association accepts no liability for the operation or performance of any of the materials, devices or methods described herein. In particular, HVCA does not assume any responsibility for the quality, integrity or performance of any proprietary device referred to herein,} ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘The HVCA records its appreciation and thanks to the many persons and organisations who have freely given information on various aspects of this work, and in particular to the members of the Drafting Panel, who contributed unstintingly of their knowledge and experience. DW/142 Drafting Panel J.H. G. Gardner (Chairman) K. Angood J. Barker (parttime) D. Blackstone (part time) K. J. Batwell K. Elphick C.R. Hilton G. P. Manly RJ. Pitt P. Scuiry ‘A. J. Simpson H. ‘Thomas K. T. Wheatley W. R. Cox (Technical Consultant) JM, Paynton (Secretary, Duct Work Group)| Page tiie sTECHNICAL “INFORMATION> OBE PROVIDED BY DESIGNER’ 1 STANDARDS 2 2 COMPONENTS vivre 2 43 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 2 + Preface . seo 9 Foreword w Paft'TWo STANDARDS 4 APPLICATION rn soe 1D 5 DUCTWORK CLASSIFICATION B 6 AIR LEAKAGE STANDARDS 8 1 MATERIALS... 1 Part Three RECTANGULAR DUCTS 8 STALIDARD RANGE OF RECIANGULAR DUCT SIZES .ccscee 1S 8.1 Standard range 8.2 Unusual aspect ratios. 9 CONSTRUCTION . 9.1 General is 912. Variable ar volume systems 913 Sealants acd gaskets .. 9.4 Sheet thicknesses 9.6 Cross joints... 927 Stitfeners 9.8 Ductwork ied fer omtcre a 99 Fastening sesner en ea 10 PLANT CONNECTIONS 11 FITTINGS .. UL Standardisation of ings. 312. General consicuctonal requirements 35 11,3 - Stiffeners 114) Spliters..., MS Turming vanes... 35 HG TWinbends «cnc 11.7 Branches onnnnne 3S MLB Change shapes coccecnnennnm 35 119. Expansions and contractions > 35 11.10 Sealant . 3 Part Four CIRCULAR DUCTS 12 STANDARD SIZES 13 CONSTRUCTION ... 13.1 Spiraly-wound ducts 13.2 Steaight-seamed ducts. 13.3 Longitudinal seams 134 Cross joints 13.5 Fastenings M4 FITTINGS .. a “a 142 Standardisation offing 142 Nominal diameters. a 1433 Sheet thicknestes sommes At 14.4 Socket and spigot joints vvnnnne AL Contents 145 Sealing of join Patt Five FLAT-OVAL DUCTS 15 STANDARD SIZES AND . SHEET THICKNESSES .. 16 CONSTRUCTION (SPIRALLY. UND) 16. General 162 Longitudinal seams 163 Cross joins. 16,4 Stifening 17 CONSTRUCTION (STRAIGITT-SEAMED) ... 52 18 FETTINGS 18.1 General consteyetionas requirements. 52 18.2 Stendara fittings for Nat oval duns... - 52 Part Six HANGERS AND SUPPORTS. a. Part Seven GENERAL 20 ALUMINIUM DUCTWORK 21 ACCESS OPENINGS. 22 CONTROL DAMPERS .. 23 FIRE DAMPERS: 24 BENDABLE AND FLEXIDLE DUCTS — METAL 25 FLEXIBLE DUCTS~FauRIC 26 FLEXIGLE JOINTS 27 SEALANTS, GASKETS ANO TAPES 28 PROTECTIVE FINISHES 29 CONNECTIONS TO BUILDER'S WORK ..... 71 30 ACOUSTIC LININGS 31 THERMAL INSULATION .. Patt Bight APPENDICES AVPENDIX A. AIRLEAKAGE FROM buctWoRK APPENDIC BAIR LEAKAGE TESTING PROCEDURE APPENDIX IDENTIFICATION OF DUCTWORK APPENDIXD TRANSPORT, HANDLING AND STORAGE OF DUCTWORK APPENDIX B DUCTWORK SYSTEMS AND FIRE LIAZARDS APPENDIX F GALYANIZING AFTER MANUFACTURE APPENDIX G STAINLESS STEEL FOR DUCTWORK .. APPENDIX HPRE-COATED STEEL FOR DUCTWORK APPENDIX, ALUMINIUM DUCTWORK APPENDIX K EUROVENT APPENDIX, SUMMARY OF 25258 APPENDIX M ‘DESIGN NOTES FOR DUCTWORK? APPENDIX, BIMLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX CONVERSION TANCES % 3 ess 1922. eesList of Tables? Bari FWOISTANDAROS? Ductwork asifeation Air leakage fis. parerThree® RECTANGULAR DUCTS? Standaed ses Misimum shee hikes onstrctona reuitements~ Spat op s00P0) Consiuctional requirements ‘pediumprestce op to C0 Shor elt fractional requzemen pressure (up 10 250}. Fiings: deserptions Nusbeef eno ranch her f= SO. Part Four! CIRCULAR DUCTS” Standard sie. ‘Gonsiruciondlreqiements= spicallyewound 7 Constructions reqirements— siraightseamed Permitedfateings and maximum spacings : Fittings shee iickeeses itiags spigot Figs standard names and desctptions Part Five FLAT OVAL DUCTS ‘Standardizes and sheet thicknesses Siifening requicements Jow-andmeduar-pressure ening tequirements— presure : Flings standard epscrptions nan Part Six HANGERS AND" SUPPORTS Support forovinontal duce recangula . Seopot oii ports ar aroea Part Seven GENERAL ‘Alu at rctangar~ ‘enatretond requiem ‘Nomi dec cu dSrstretona equrement Protective hes fr ducinor Protective Gites fr support hhembers, eesnencrortrrenns Part Eight APPENDICES * Airieakage rates Recommended pees leakage ates) Recommended doctidemifeation Exanaletotnterientetion symbols » 4 un 2 % 7 ” « a 4 a “ ” 0 a 3 so ” s ist of Illustrations Fa neg Pages RECTANGULAR DUCTS . Lt Longiudinal seams v © Hrations of panel 3 Cros joins Sesh nd ia fee ton u foomagt en sar 39.24 Cleats (eres scton a 2632 Cleated {corners and jonclons) 2930 3343. Fanged (rns tectional and corocse ‘and junctions) .. wad M u Figs St Examples of “hard” and "easy" she Tene (0-0) Branches 466 Ofte 49 “Tapes 1021 Teasformations 72.74 Changs shapes CIRCULAR DUCTS Longindinel sear 14 Grooved scam (straight-seamed ducts) a (Cros joins SAL Spialy-wound duct aay A246 Sleaght-seamed dacs Mas Fiings 5793 Dents a Branches a tolslo2 Change shapes a 103-104 Teansformation a 105.106 Ofte “a {07-108 Conneciors a 109.110 Close 8 FLAT OVAL DUCTS ULU3 Stlening (ie rod pos lowe and ediue-pr Ey IGT Stitfening (ie rod positioning) ~ Bighpressre st is.t29 Therod fastening methods st Fins u st Fige 06400 130-11 Tapers s 132-133 Transformations u 1 Oftets PT BS Couplings PI 16 Coraces 5 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS Horicoriel duets 137-139 Attachment to 45 Hangers 146-188 Duet supports 189-160 Vertical dues. a GENERAL, 161-166 Fine dampers or K Fleible joint connections o APPENDICES 169 Permitied leakage at various peetutes 170 Leakage as pevceniage of vow 71 TypeatTeakage tex apparatus 172 "Example of duet entiation symbolIn our capidly changing environment, engineering specifications need frequent reassessment. The specification DW/141 (Published in 1977) was. 5 no exception. ‘ + ‘ ‘This new specification DW/142 in no way minimises the widespread acceptance of its predecessor as the yardstick for the manufacture aitd installation of ductwork, Constructional principles have changed little, butin order to meet the needs of designers, a medium-pressure class has been introduced, Further, the requirements of energy-conscious isers have necessitated the introduction for the first time of performance levels in terms of air leakage for all classes of ductwork. . ‘The establishment of such leakage limits does not imply that all installed wl ductwork needs to be pressure tested. This new specification if conscientiously followed during construction and erection will produce low- leakage ductwork and will in general obviate the need for costly site testing. ‘The Duct Work Group of HYCA has for well over twenty years been engaged iz the compilation of specifications for the construction and : <0 S.~viucoseh installation of ductwork. The principles underlying this work have’ever been that the client should obtain a reliable product, made in accordance with the best technology available at the time, and that the specification should make it possible for good ductwork to be made by the small firm using traditional methods as well as by the large firm using computers aad automated machinery. I believe that we have succeeded in these aims, and the evidence to support that claim is to be found in the growing acceptance andstatus. ‘worldwide of the HVCA's ductwork specifications. would like to emphasize an important point. Just as DW/142 throws more responsibility on the ductwork contractor, so it does also on the designer to specify his requirementsin greater detail than he has in many instances in the past, for both technical and contractual reasons. It was a conscious policy of the Executive Committee of the Duct Work Group to consult widely in the compilation of DW/142, and the Drafting Panel therefore included not only representatives of ductwork contractors, ‘but also of general mechanical services engineers, the hospital authorities, consulting engineers and of the industry's research association. A large number of other individuals and firms were consulted on specific matters. Our thanks are due to them for their interest in the work and for their valuable contribution to making this new ductwork specification the outstanding work that it is ‘My special thanks are due to Mr. W. R. Cox, our technical consultant, nd to Mr. J. M. Paynton, the Secretary of the Duct Work Group. Together they have reduced to crder a vast amount of raw material. As before, Mr. Paynton has been responsible for the planning, typography and design of the book itself. Chairman, Executive Committee, Duct Work Group, 1981/82FOREWORD we Since the publication of ductwork specification DW/141 in mid-1977, the need for energy con- servation has been universally recognised, and in respect of the HVCA ductwork specification this has been expressed in an emphatic demand from many quarters for ductwork with a known rate of air leakage. This new specifation therefore pro- vides leakage limits for all the ductwork covered byit Engjuiries among designers have shown that the classification of ductwork used in DW/I41 no longer accords with practice,'as the low-pressure. specification was being used for systems in part of ‘which maximum operating pressures exceeded 500 Pa, and operating pressures above 1500 Pa were being avoided because of high energy cost. The classifications in DW/142 have therefore been ex- tended and now cover constructional require- ments and leakage limits for low-, medium- and high-pressure ducework, witk the high-pressure classification in nyo parts so that the standard of airtighiness can be matched more closely to the ‘operating pressuce. ‘Testing for air leakage cemains mandatory for high-pressure ductwork, but is not for low- and mediums-pressute ductwork. (The testing pro cedure i: DW/l42 now covers all the pressure classes Pressure the main factor Pressure rather than velocity is the basis of elass- fication used in DW/142, because air leakage is almost enticely a function of pressure, and pres sure, not velocity, is the min factor in devermainn duct strength and panel deflection, Reappraisal requirements The new approach described above has necessi- tated a reappraisal of constructional and erection requirements in relation to performance under working pressures. ‘The constructional tables in DW/141 were based oon practical experience, supplemented by the ¢e sults of tests commissioned by HVCA or made available from otter sources; and on the informi- tion provided by manufacturers of proprietary materials. of constructional and erection With the introduction of leakage limits for all classes of ductwork, more precise information was needed on leakage from ductwork under pressure. te 1979 the Building Services Research and Information Association carried out on belialf of 10 HIVCA aseriesot tests designed to establish norms. for the types of longitudinal sears and cross joints included in DW/11, and this work confirmed that the leakage limits proposed by EUROVENT could be accepted for ductwork manufactured and erected tothe requirements of DW/142. ‘The leakage fimits for EUROVENT classifi cations A, B and C, asset out in thels Dociiment 212 (Ait Leakage in Ductwork), have, therefore been adopted forthe low- and the medium-and for: the high-pressure Class classifications in DW/142, Document 2/2 has no standard for a leakage class equivalent to our Class D, for which DW/L42 retains the leakage limits used in DW/141 for high-pressure ductwork ‘The"new range of pressures requitéd farther investigation of the rigidity of eross joints and stif- fening. By using the results of tests earcied out in 1966 by the then Heating and Ventilating Research Association (now BSRIA) on ‘high-pressuce re tangular ducts the stiffness uader operating cond tions ofall the ¥-seetion cross joints could be com- paced by a relatively simiple testing procedure. BSRIA carried out such tests on bchalf of HVCA in 1980. With this more precise information available, constructional tables have been rearranged (0 give the limits, in terms of duct size and stiffener spacing, forall the pressure classes Design function facilitated ‘The inclusion of feakage timits it relation toduet susface'arca will enable the designer to allow for age more precisely in his calculations. This in ‘urn will reveal what level of aictighiness is needed tomaintain the terminal ar flow. For the airhandl- ing systgm where the ratio of duct area to air flow falls within che normal range, the pressure clasifi- cation will establish the degree of arightness, and the designer will only need to specify the class. But where the duct area is disproportionately targe in relation to air flow, the designer may need to cal! for a higher class in order to keep total air loss through leakage within an acceptable figute. Leakage limits resulting from the application of she formula used in the EUROVENT Document 2/2 are set out in Table 2 for the three classes of ductwork A, B and C, and also for D, for which Document 2/2 has no equivalent. These pressure/ leakage relationships are shown graphically on ae 35, and airs ta percentage of ir Bow on page 76| ' | i i t ! Notes In this document: (1) The expressions ‘low-pressure," ‘medium-préssure’ and: ‘high- pressure’ relate to the pressure/velocity classes set out in Table 1. (2) ‘Mean air velocity’ means the design volume flow rate related to > the cross-sectional area. 73 Reference to the air distribution system pressuré relate to the ah «Static pressure of the felevint part of the ductwork system and not to the fan static pressure."? SY x (4) The symbol forlitresis‘L’: 1000 litres per second is equivalent to 1 cubic metre per second, (5) The pascal (Pa)is the internationally agreed unit of pressure, The relationship of the pascal to other units of pressure is: 500 pascals « = 500 Newtons per square metre = 5 millibars = approximately 2 inches water gauge. a 7 (6) All dimensions quoted in this specification refer to the nominal : sizes, which are subject to the normal relevant commercial and published tolerances. : (2) This specification includes a number of proprietary devices. Where in respect of any such device there is divergence betwee; ue the requirements of DW/142 and the manufacturer's recommendations for use, the former shall take precedence. Duct pressure classification ‘As the static pressure in a duct system progressively changes from the fan, ‘economic advantage can be obtained by changing the duct pressure classification to match more closely the duct distribution static pressure. For example, some large systems could well be classified for leakage limits as follows: Plant rooms and risers Class C Main floor distribution Class B Low-pressure outlets Class A ina APPLICATION © 441 This specification sets out minimum require- ments for the manufacture and installation of duct- work for air distribution systems, made from any of the materials listed in Section 7 and being within | the limits ofsize and/or metal thicknesses specified in the relevant tables and operating at normal temperatures within the’ pressure and velocity “limits specified in Table 1. The specification also “> preseribes (Table 2) the limits of air leakage forthe ‘various pressure classes. 4.2. Unless stated otherwise, the methods and de- described herein apply to all the pressure classes set out In Table 1. 4.3 This specification is not intended to apply to ductwork handling air which is polluted orisother- ‘wise exceptional in respect of temperature or humidity (including saturated air); nor isitsuitable for ductwork exposed to a hostile environment, €.g. contaminated air, off-shore oil rigs, ete. The design, construction,” installation,- supports and finishes in such cases should be given special con- sideration in relation to the circumstances of each cast. This specification is also not intended to apply to domestic warm air installations. S$ DUCTWORK CLASSIFICATION S.1 This specification is based on the pressure classes set outin Table 1 - Table | Ductwork Classification Duct [ Sade presurelinit | Meanair] aie ressure | —— ‘oa Peds | Posive | Negative (mecmomy] “T58° 1 213145 Pat] Pax| misee Low soo | soo | “10” | casa. aT Medium | 1000" | 730°] 20 | clasB B Part Two — Standards 6 AIR LEAKAGE STANDARDS 6.1 Limits for each pressure class Permitted air leakage is related to four standatds of airtightness, as set out in Table 2, 6.2 Compatibility with EUROVENT ‘The leakage factors used in Table 2 for Classes A, B and C are the same as those used for the classes similarly designated in the EUROVENT Docu- ment 2/2 (Air Leakage in Ductwork). 6.3 Leakage at various pressures; and: other relationships Applying the limits specified in Table 2, Appendix ‘A (Table 31) sets out the permitted leakage at cach of a series of pressures up to the maximum for each class. Included in that appendix isa graphical pre~ sentation of the pressure/leakage relationship; and also charts from which may be determined leakage as a percentage of arfiow for classes A, Bor C. Appendix A also gives details of the basis for the leakage limits specified in Table 2 Table 2 Air Leakage Limits Airleakage Leakage iit Z 2 ites per second persquare bo mete of dul surface rea vepressure~ ar Gus ea Medion pressure 7 Gass ee High-pressure a cass eee High pressure : rm ‘Class D ae where pis the differential pressure fn pasa 6.4 Testing for alr leakage All ductwork operating at pressures classified in this specification as ‘high pressure’ shall be tested to establish conformity with the relevant leakage limits set out in Table 2. Testing for leakage of ductwork operating within the low and medium ranges of pressure in this specification will not form part of the ductwork contract unless this requirement is set out ja the job specification ~sce also Note (2) on page 1.7 MATERIALS 7.4. Applicability This specification applies to ductwork made from materials as defined below, or equal, (‘Sheet’ isto bbe understood to include 7.2 Linc-coated steel ° 7.2.1 Ductwork will normally be made from hot-dip galvanized sheet to BS 2989, Grade 22, coating type, or equal, If ths is not available, alternative types are: 7.2.2 Hot-dip galvanized sheet to BS 2989, Grede 22 or Grade 23, with icon-zine alloy coating type 12. 100 or 12.180, or equal, 7.2.3 Cold-reduced sheet to BS 1449, Grade CRS, having a zinc coating applied by electro- plating (Coating thickness 2.5 microns), or equal. 73 Black steel p ‘Where black sheet is specified, it shall be cold- reduced steel sheet to BS 1449: Part 1, Grade CR GP, or equal. 74 Stainless steet Where stainless steet sheet is specified, it will be the responsibility of the designer to indicate the type niost suitable for the conditions in which the ductwork will be exposed. In doing so, itis recom- mended that the factors set out in Appendix G should be taken into account. In this connection, regard should be had to BS 1449: Part 2, which includes stainless steel sheet and strip. 7.8 Pre-coated steel Tf the designer for aesthetic or other reasons speci- fies the use of pre-coated steel fr the ductwork, he should consider the availability of the material and the restrictions on fabrication methods = see Appendix H. 7.6 Aluminium Where aluminium sheet is specified, it will be the responsibility of the designer to indicate the type ‘most suitable for the conditions to which the duct- ‘work will be exposed. In so doing, regard should be had to BS 1470 for aluminium sheet and BS 1474 for aluminium section. (See Section20 herein for constructional requirements for ductwork made from aluminium sheet, and Appendix J for some general notes on the material.)Part Three —Rectangutar Ducts ” 8 STANDARD RANGE OF RECTANGULAR DUCT SIZES 8.1 Standard range Table 3 represents the range of standard sizes of rectangular ducts which atthe time of preparing DW/42 were being processed by the Intemational Standards Organisation as an ISO Standard. (Note, =The sizes in Table are the same as those in Table 3 of DW/Idi,) 8.2 Unusual espect ratios izes with an aspect ratio preater than 4:L.are fol recommended. Although they ofle™-no-pro- lems of construction, they increase frictional re- sistance and the possibility of noise. 9 CONSTRUCTION 9.4 General Fi ‘The main constructional requirements for recian- Table 3 Standard sizes of rectangular ducts gular ductwork have been established following, independent tests, the limits of use being related t0 the characteristics of roliedstecl angle. (See9.5 for longitudinal seams, 9.6 foreross joints and 9.7 for stiffeners.) 9.2 Variable ai volume systems The requirements for sheet thickness and stif-” fening set aut in the relevant tables shall, unless otherwite specified by the designer, apply to duct- work for VAY systems (see also 3.8 in Part One ~ Technical Information to be Provided by Designer ~ inside fap). 9.3 Sealants and gaskets Special attention is drawn to the requirements for the usc of sealants and gaskets,as the case may be, in relation to the various longitudinal seams and cross joints included in this specication, (Section 21 sets out the desirable characteristics of sealants, gaskets and tapes.) —— = ors Short side (msm) { (wm) [to [iso [ 200 | 250 | 300 | «oo | soo | 600 | 100 | 1000 | 1200 11390 [030 | o@ t + 1 20 [060 | 070 | o8e { a 250 [070 | 080 | 0.90 | 1.00 so | oso | 090 | 00 [ 110 | 120 | I 400 {1.00 | 110 | 120 | 130 f 140 | 60 4 I 300 130 | 140] 150] 160 | 10] 200 | y 0 130 { 1.60 | 1.70] 10 | 200 220 | 240 | iw 209 | 2.10 | 2.20 | 240 | 200 | 20 | 3.20 \ 7 | [1080 250 { 20 { 290 | 300 | 220 | 340 | «00 {1200 3.00} 320] 340 | 340 | 400 | 440 | 4.0 1400 340} 380 | 409 { 440 | 440 | 520 4600 ia | ies 420 | 440 | 480 | 520 | 5.60 18005 460 | 480 | 520] 560 { 600 2000 300 | 520] s.o0| 600 | 640 i 5. 164} The Fares ise the boxes represent the srface areo ofthe dicts, in suare metres per were length Ge naw 158 fant Tiree Rectangular Ducts~ continued Gj. Sheet thicknesses Minimum sheet thicknesses related to duct longer side and (0 pressure classification are given in "Ertable 4. (This information is also included in {2tables 5 to 8.) . “gable 4 Minimum sheet thicknesses ~~ Rectangular ducts ‘Maximum Sheet thickness cern | tact |e eure ‘iro | | a = 0.5 9771 0.8 8-23 J on) gg} 08 08 O08 | 08 1.0 102 wo | ao no faa wo to \ 9.5 Longitudinal seams 9.5.1 Types available Longitudinal seams are illustrated in Figs. 1 10 7. The limits of use, if any, are given with the individual illustrations. 9.5.2 Sealant in longitudinal seains Sealant shall be used with all longitudinal seams, irtespective of the pressure class, The sealant may be included in the seam during manufacture or be applied as edge sealant 9.5.3 Welded seams ‘As the exception tothe requirements of9.5.2,a welded seam isaceepiable without seateat, e0- vided that the welding is continwous, 9.6 Cross ints Crass Joint ratings For cross joints, a system of rating has been Used to define the limits of use. The rating for exch cross joint is given with its drawing, and the limits applying to that cating, in corms of uct size longer side and maximum spacing, are given in Tables § to 8. Other limits on use are fiven with the individual drawings “The system of ratings sas follows: Socket and spigot joints ~ Al to A3 (Figs. 9 tol) Cleated joints C1 to C4 Figs, 20 0 20) Flanged joints 11 to J6 (Figs. 33 t0 49) 9.6.3 Corners i jasecions Sockt and spigot join: comers and junctions aw fe 6 are illustrated in Figs, 13 10 19. Cleated joint comers and junctions are ius- trated in Figs: 25 t0 32, °° Details of the comer treatments of flanged joints are included with theie {ustrations~ Figs. 3 1043, . 39.6.3 Seatantin eros joints Sealant shall be used between sheet and section in all cross joint assemblies. With cleated joints, the sealant shall be applied during or after the assembly ofthe joint. With socket and splgot Joints made on site, sealant shal be applied during or afer assemoly Of the joint. ft is permissible to use chemical- reaction tape or heat-shrink strip (but not ean: tinuous band) as alternative methods of scaling, provided that close contact is maintained ove the whole perimeter ofthe joint until the joint is completed. With alt finged Joints, the sealant between sheet and section should preferably be incor- Porated during construction at works, but edge sealant is acceptable, The joint berween sec- tions of ductworkisthen made, using an approv- ed type of sealant or gasket (tee Section 27) 9. Suitfeners 9.7.1 General Stiffeners shall be agptied so chat the te rectangular cross-section of the duct is maintained. 9.1.2 External stifenees The sections (including proprietary Manges) suitable for use as siugle stiffeners have been given a rating from S1 to $6 in termsof duct size longer side and maximum spacing. The rasings are specified with the illustrations of the sti feners, Figs. 44 t0 49, and the limits of wse are given in Tables 5 to &. The girth stiffeness for socket and spigot joints covered in Fig. 12 are also applicable to girth stiffeners in general 9.1.3 Interoatstifeners Tie bare connecting the flanges of cross joints oF intermediate sitfeness are the only forn of internal sifening for rectangular ductwack covered inthis specification. (For the use of ie bars in flat oval ductwork, see 18.4.) Other forms of internal stiffening or bracing are not recommended. ‘The use of tie bars in cectangutar ducts shal be authorised by the designer; and ifcircumstances require the use of internal stiffening in any other form, the methad to be used shat! be approved by the designer, Alternative methods of attachment of tie bars are shown in Fig. 50 ‘Examples of the application of the joint and sifence ating system are given on pages Zand 2.= For permitted fastenings (types ES and spacing), see Table 10 (page 21) 4. Button punch snap lock seam Altcchative sealant locations t Note, ~ This seam isaccept able foruse a on law-and medivn-pressure ducts only Fig, | Grooved seam Alternative sealantiocations Lb) Fig. 5 Standing seam (internal or external) Minimum height 15 mm. Alternative sealant Fastening ications — Yo as Fig. 2. Grooved corner seam ZN Alternative a sealant locations U Fig. 6 Tapped standing seam (internal or external) Minimum height 15 mm fie ‘Alternative sealant 2 locations Fig. 3 ‘Pittsburgh lock seam 4, Alternative * sealant locations } Fig. 7 Lap seam Fastening —— Cp Note, ~This seam is acceptable {or use on iow and medium pressure ducts only ainstructional Requirements ~ Rectangular Ducts able 5 LOW PRESSURE (its SOPH? fables § Dimensions ia mm ‘Maximum duct size jMlonger side) or» | 400 .| 600 | goo | -1000 } 1250 | 1600 | 2000 |. 2500 | 3000 |slength of stiffeners . Minimum sheet | 9,6 thickness —> o8 1.0 12 type] Rating | Sheet in spacing between joints and-fiffeners 2 214] s5 6 7 é y aol R cel ns Just 8 |\ sais = | 3153 SP nist Bp EY jsiss 56186 3000. | 3000 Notes 1 the constructional tables 5 to 8: (2) The joints and stiffeners have been rated in terms of duct longer side and maximum spacing ~see 9.6.1 for joins and 9.1. for sitter, “SS = stiffened sheet, by means of {2 ean 3 40m msi censor (9) ero reaking wisn the frame forme by fins andjor . stiffeners: or (c) pleating : 1B: Firyetional Requirements - Rectangular Ducts 1, MEDIUM PRESSURE (up te 000A Dimensions iam Pini duct size Flatt eeriiae) ar | 400 | 600 | 800 | 1000 | 1250 | 1600 | 2000 | 2500 | 3000 Seah of stifeners Loe 06 08 10 12 sel Rating [Sheet ‘Maximum spacing between joints and stiffeners 2f3t«¢ls TetT?v{[s]suolmt[n ps | 3000 Ata lee ccmiectoodl ar - , 7600 | 1250 | 1000 | 00 | Poa 150 | 800 j ZI. cl Be Bic g| 3 c I Just 2 | J2S2 . | sass 3 | ss 7 2 800 | 625 B88 woo | 800 y ) 300 825 $6186 SSF" S000 asa | ~io00 [600 [00 [800 | 625" espective of corner treatment. nized after manufacture, see 9.8 and Table 9. 19 (G) Limits of length of single stiffeners apply to opposed side (transverse) stiffeners and to longitudinal Slffeners: aso to girth stiffeners, @ with Yongitcinal ‘stiffeners, maximum spacings apply both between stiffeners and from stiffeners to ct edges (9) The choice of lagging may be limited with stiffened pancls. {8 ree aeeeet ee :22, Constructional Requirements — Rectangular Ducts ‘able7 “HIGH PRESSURE Wits 2000 Pa) iensions in ma "Maximum duct size longer sidedor—> | 400 | G00 | 800 | 1000 | 1250 } 1600. | 2009} 2500 ite Hength of stifeners ee : [oo “Type | Rating |. Sheet Maximum spacing between joints and stiffeners Ty? 3 3 6 718 5 io [i Al | -Psiss | 3000 | t az} psiss | 2000 | “AS + | Psiss | 3000 | sust | psiss | sa00 [02s ‘J2/S2 | PSISS |° 3000 1250 800 Socket & Spigot Joints 13/83 | PSiss | 3000 { 1250 | 1250 | 800 s4isa | Psiss | 3000 | 1250 | 1250 | 1280 | 800 Jsiss { PSISS | 3000 | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 | 800 | 800 | 625 46rsé | PSiss | 3000 | 1250 | 1250 | 1280 | 800 | 800 | soe } ozs Flanged Joints & Stiffeners | ¢: Constructional Requirements ~ Rectangular Ducts Table8 HIGH PRESSURE (up ié'2500 Pa) Dimcesions i mm Mongersusocs | aon | ooo | soo } oon | reso { 1609 | 2000 | 2s00 lenghh of steers L Dapiaum set 08 g ta Type | Rating | Sheet “Maximum spacing between jofats and stiffeners i a2 Al | PSISS | 3000 | Be[_ A rsvss | so00 - 8) aa | PSISs | 3000 | aust | psiss | 300 | as 2 d2isz | PSiss | 3000 | 1250 | 625 7 &@ [asiss [sis [3000 [1280 [1000 | as 2 Vyase | ess f soe (1280 | 000 | ann | | 3, [asiss | psiss [ sou [1250 [1000 | e00 | «xs (é sass { esiss { 3000 [1250 | 100 | aw | 6 65 | 500 Notes at foot of pages 18 and 19 also opaly co Fables 7 and 8 5 %i i 23.8 Ductwork galvanized after manufacture Rikole 9 Gohich is applicable to the low- and a vcrsure cases oly) stsout the tesae SBended sheet thicknesses and stiffening for duct- work galvanized alter manufacture. (See also | Appendix F.) ‘Table 9 Ductwork galvanized after manu- = facture (low- and med. pressure, only) {faximtn | Recom- 73 [a4 Foal elie | sated | |r| su Maem | alls eine aaj am | mm sz | 3000 3 | 1250 S| 800 85 800 5.9 Fastenings 9.941 Permitted types and maximum centees Tables 10 sets out the permitted fastenings and the iiiaximum spacings for fow-, mediums- and high-pressure rectangular ducts. All duct pene- trations shal! be sealed. 9.9.2 Rivets Manufacturers’ reco size and dill size av resulting in an unsea used 9.9.3 Bolts and nuts Bolts ane nuts shal be of mild steel, protected cations as-t0 ase, to be followed. Rivets od aperiuse shail not be ‘Table 10 Fastenings - Rectangular Ducts by electrosgalvanizing, Sherardizing, cadmium plating, or ather equal and approved fitish, 9.9.4 Self-tapping screws Seit-tapping screws, while ‘not recommended, are acceptable in circumstances in which the use of other types oF fastening is not practicable. 9.9. Welding of sheet ‘The suitability of welding for sheet-to-sheet fastening will be governed by the sheet thick- ness, the size aad shape of the duct or feting and the need to ensure airtightness, Welded joints shall provide a smooth internal surface aad shal be free from porosity. Distortion shall be kept toa minimum. ‘Areas where the galvanizing has been dsmaged or destroyed by welding or brazing shallbe suit- ably prepated and painted internally and exter- nally with zine-rich or aluminium paint, 10 PLANT CONNECTIONS 40.1. Definition The term ‘plant connection’ refers to the sheet metal enclosure joining the components of an dir handling assembly and connections between the assembly and the ductwork system. 10.2 Consteuctional requirements ‘The maximum operating pressure of the plant shail determine which constructiona! requite- ments and leakage limits are applicable te plant connections, Where access to plan: requires entry into the duct, a floor plate connected to the stiffeners showid be included so as to prevest focal over~ loading of the shect metal, IC-locat conditions require heavier construction, the designer should specify appwupriately. i Sheet to sheet t us | _stlfener fr poet a socket and | Standing | Socket | Rolled | Alislide. | spigot jaints and capped } and spigot steel fangs conflanges | and all Standing and flange {intermediate fleets) etlenees | ; f ; t i mm mm mn mm mm Mechanically | | | sted re {6 300 6 130 300 | 130 | romsne | — | = | = | a | x0 | ~ Lock bolts, = 300 S wo. | 300 | 300 enna) Se ele | eee esi cree ety | Dining | - 150 = _ wo | Test continued on page 35 with Section 1] ~ Fittings aEXAMPLES of the application of the jointrating system (Tables 5 to 8) Fig. 9~ Plain socket and spigot joint “This joint is rated in Fig. 9 as At forall pressure classes, with duct size limited t0 400m longer side “The tables show that such jointsby themselves give adequate stiffening, whether the shect itself is plain (P) or stiffened (S), provided that they afe paced at not more than 3000 ram Fig. 24 ~ Angle-cefnforced double-standing hem- med 'S! cleat This joint ig applicable to the low-pressure class only, and with @ 25 x3 mm angle is rated C3. ‘Table 5 limits the use of 2 C3 joint to ducts with, longer side not exceeding 1250 mm, and such joints give adequate stiffening at the maximum spacings specified (Cols. 4 to 8 of Table 5), the spacings varying according to whether the sheet itselfis plaie (P) or stiffened (S), Figs, 41 und 42~ Stide-on Flanges ‘These joints are applicable to all the pressure classes, and with a height of 30rm are rated as J3. For medium-pressure ducts, Table 6 limits the use duets not exceeding 1250 mm longer ints at 800 rim maximum spacing, whither the sheet selfs plain (P)orstffened (5). Where joints are more widely spaced, .inter- mediate stiffeners with an S3 rating (sce Figs. 44 t0 49) will be necessary to meet the ntaximum spacing requirements, Application 0 individual ductwork contractor's ‘working methods The individual ductwork contractor will normally apply the rating system to his own requirements by making up tables covering the joints used by him, ‘The following are some examples. Example 1 SOCKET AND SPIGOT JOINTS FOR LOW-PRESSURE DUCTS a 1 Maximom spacing between Di hee pes | Fas eadstenes thickness Fino, |} costal Pisin Stitlened sheet sheet _ 2 _ 3 4 _ ~~ s 06 00 9 and 10 3000 3000 1 and 12 ~ vs | ee, Pm x00 iland 12 08 800 ‘25 mm angle 1600 1600 | 30mm angle 1600 | i ne os 1000 25 mim angle 1230 1250 30 min angle 1250 1600 iad 12 10 1250 ae 1000 1250 Wand 12 10 tod 30 mm angie 800 800| Gixample2 FLANGE JOINT as Fig, 41 or 42 for LOW-PRESSURE DUCTS Doct Doctsize |’ Flanged | RSftange | Protte | Movimum spacing between sheet longer te en ie) | Fig. 5 04g i sicsmes | extempbor | (Mange | usedas os a A suilerer | Hate) | stlfener(H) pete |e n 2 7 z 3 é 7 06 400 2 z - 5000 3000 08 oo » 25 30 2000 3000 ~ 20 25 30 1600 1600 “a | 30 0 1600. | 2000 20 25 30 1250 1250 oe Md 30 30, 40 1250 1600 20 % 30 625 05 zD ed 0 30 40, 1000 1250 30 30 0 “600 800 wy ee 40 40 ~ 800 1000 19 2000 “0 0 . 800 300 1.0 2500 ue [so - 800 800 40+ - _ 12 soo |e 0 0s 800 Cross breaking between Fig. @ . Illustrations of panel stiffening joints or stiffeners Beading (may also be along the duct) Pleating (may atso be along the duct) Cross section —— Cross ection.For permitted fastenings (types and spacing), see Table 10 (page 19) Type ‘Angle | Rating [Pressure : ae size at08 | classes eer Fig. 9 Phin ; Alterativesealanttatons, Fysening x Low = | At | Medium High Fig. 10 Adjustable Alternative sealant loations _Fastenin eee es 7 Low 2 feat | Medium High Fig. Il Angle reinforced (opposed sides) Fastening Alleenative seal: locations \ Fastening 4 12 Angle reinforced full girth Alternative sealant locations i= 30x. 4 Bort] a3 2x3 | a2 | Low Low | Megivm Low Medium ead Applicable oniy where «duet shorter side is less thaa £00 mm Siifeners shownin Figs: 45 1049 are permissible if provided ‘with rigid corners; = notched and sey desig Sica comer ay be etd Return cutaway ateachhalfseam forlength of spigot to leave overlap. Seam compressed at socket to provide 2 at ‘side internally. An adjustable socket and spigot joint as Fig, 10-can be formed by extending the length ‘and welding all four corners of the spigat. ‘With high-pressure ductwork, spigot... corners shall be welded, Fig. 14. Grooved corner seam, ‘Corners notched and closed by dressing ‘Alternatively, the corners may be indented. Inside of lock form cut back fo fength of spigot. Toggle to accommodate lock form a socket fend, Alternatively, the lock form may be * comprested 1o provide a flat side to socket internally Anadjustable socket and spigot joint as Fig, 19 can be formed by extending the lenge and welding all four corners ofthe spigot. With high-pressure ductwork, spigat corners shall be welded, Fig. 15 Pittsburgh lock Corners notched and closed by dressing. Alternatively, the comers may be indented, Outside of lock form cut back for length of spigot, ogale to accommodate lock form at socket Alternatively the lock form may be © pressed to provide a flat side to socket vernally ‘An adjustable socket and spigot jointas Fig. 10 cean be formed by extending the length and welding all fous corners of the spigot. With high-pressure ductwork, spigot corners shall be weléed,Socket and spigot joints ~ corners and junct “Fig. 16, Button punch snap lock seam Comers notched and closed by dressing ‘Alternatively, the corners muy be indented Inside of lock form cut back for length of spigot. Joggle to accommodate lock form at socket ‘end. Alternatively, the lock form muy be compressed to provide a Mat side 0 socket internally. ‘An adjustable socket und spigot joint xs Fig. 10.can be formed by extending the length and welding all four corners of the spigot With high-pressure ductwork, spigot corners shall be wekjed and lap seam section sealed, Fig, 17 Standing sear (exzernal) Comets notched and closed by dresting Alternatively the corners may be indented, Standing double edge cut back and standing single edge Mattened Ieugth of spigot to provide overle, ‘Seam snust be positioned so that it cannot collect or retain water, ‘An adjustable socket and spigot joint az Fig. 10 cean be formed by extending the length and welding all four corners ofthe spigot if not indented, ‘With high-pressure ductwork, spigot sorners shall be welded. (Notes apply also to Fig. 1Bond Fig, 19) Fig. 18 Standing seam (internal) (ee notes toFig. 17) 26Bohs” loi t 4 . Socket and spigot joints — corners and junctions (continued) 19” Capped staring seam “, S (internal) f é aType Thick-.| Rating {Pressure Notes Fig.20 ‘C'cleat ma Used onal for sdes ron opposed . sides in combination witha Foriaterscetion with grooved eam see ig. 25. 08 cr | Low For intersection with Pittsburgh lock, Medium | grooved corner or bution punch snap Tock seam, see Fig, 27, For folded corner detail, see Figs, 28nd 29. Seatint Fig. 21 Standing ‘C' cleat Fasten Used onal four sides: oron opposed Le 7 Lo sides in combination with 'S" cleat. r 08 | ce J LOM | Fastened at corners andincrmediately “um | 51200 mm centces maximum spacing. Sealant poe For corner detail, see Figs. 30, 31,and32, \S ev : Fig. 22. Herimed cleat Used on opposed sides in combination with °C’ cleat, May be used onall four Sides if fixed to duet by mechanical fasteners at 300 mm maximum centees. For corner detail, se Figs. 27 and 29 For intersection with grooved seam, see Fig. 26 os | cr | Low Fig. 23 Double standing Leia Used with C* cleat or standing C'est onoppoted sides May be sed onal foursiges fixed wo det by mechanics sean | &8 | C | Low | Forcorer detsils of 'S' cleat, \ see ge 27,29 an0 31 For intersection with groovedseam, see Fig. 26. & Sealant Fig. 24 Angle-reinforced double standing a8 {Used with'C len or sanding" let emmed's'cleat | wih: tnopposed sides May be ied anal 33 ow | fovrsidesit xed vo derby mecaniest angle ce ke fasteners at 300 mm maximum centres. 7 o For corner detalls of ees, 22 | ce | tow | sehen 21 20083), ao gata | arate Forinteisection wih rooved seam, ue see Fig. 26.Teshowassently Apalies also Gaiithe Sending cee cleat with grooved seam Fig. 26 'S' cleat with grooved seam tion cut Sections cut aa i y (show aseably Sane a5( “Sand ‘cleat with Pitsburg lock, grooved orner or button punch snap lock ear leas eat back, to sow assembly os Win c senton at Echey ncecomes weak Sefgped estates ae (pete BRIS Sas ~N. Soe Fastening "Cclest with extended end ad ‘Caeat wih extended end and turned over, ingrted inca adoicing' leat and fred Fastening | ' Fig. 28. ‘C’ cleat with folded corner Fig, 29'S" cleatand 'C’ cleat with folded ic ‘Applies also ‘lie Foreomer Sanding 'S Ireatmenis, ‘deste seeFine2 For comer seeFig 27. 2Fig. 30 Standing’'C’ deat “(eatesent for thre comers (eFtourth comers see Fig $1) fasion > [Applies alo toa combitaion * ‘mang nd plain’C lets Corer tag Sipececen Cosas 1 L Fig. 31 Combination of eanding'C' cleat | Fig. 32 Standing'C’cleat and'S'cleat (altemative comer testment to Fig. 30) ings ofc : Sere tenea sernsed ear Feng Comme setng citer Into cleat ' tnd ned See 7 ! { Pasig i pots stove | 1 ‘cade eine | 30Janged cross joints Type Dimen-| paving |Peessue] —_Nuws/corner treatments 'Figi-33_Rolledsteetangie- | am Tiasgedjine, with welded corners 25x3. | 3 |eoy Duct ends turned up 10mm, Bord | Ta [tow | xing bots require at aox4 | Js | Medi each comer and intermediately S0x5 6 ‘e at 150 mm centres, GaP Orch freee a Fig 34. Ralnvoreed ange Cameron eae with Cea eee eae ea provide bolted oxos| 3 [tem be tet rset SS ‘ i Fastening @ nee Fig. 35. tategral tange with toring lps Low rewieh | ont | Hetian id Swring tips ucts nd) yo Tage ae | | Bal me |coeal |-4 cau” | sbSah si Fig. 36 Intogralstanding Manged with‘ clestor = | With SS os standing C’ cleat alain astigh | 32 | Mesum : id ——— wih sttcing cheat ie Sin] 33 [Mei Ma Gasket Clestscut back to show sembly 31Flanged cross joints (consinued) ‘Type Dime! Rating | Peessute| Notes/corner treatments Fig. 17 Attacked flange . Low 25x08] 2 | Medium Fastening Faneing Stalat Gather Sealint Fig. 38 Slide-on flange with integral gasket Low xos} on [tow Low axe] no [teu ‘Altemative Seale Location Fig. 39 Button lock flange Low asxos} 2 FP _owker Medium if \ Alteraive Arma fealin fealine tocstione locations ‘Corner piece j Fig. 40 Slide-on flange with wes integral sealant a posiony | eee reas) on tow inning” | Gasket snes { Low Flange section Fastening, Fastening) 25829 | 2 | Medium tice | a / fiderover s 400 mm, Low. intermediate ‘Alternitve Sealunt LaCtons High | Comer piece era stape ro a Jrcose duct $100 mm max corner run spacing ”‘Type Dimen-| Rating | Pressure Notes/corner treatments r sions classes orn pece yatened to ange section Fig. 41 Slide-on flange i 2x08] 2 | roy woxto| 3B |i, artis] ox | Medien Aterate teat] ORL ogg | Hl stone se For deste ween oso sunjueaes odin, fastened deatsare 7 toduct ‘required at yt oes estén OMKELtesing a Conta Fig. 42 Slide-on lange tacos Tengesecns Wx08 n = tc woxto | om. | bow f Gasket aortas) 4 | Neth waxias| os | Hes ang seciod Altecoative sealant Alternative anaes >) ‘ta sci feo fp Forduct i ‘comm, intermediate dlanpeare Z eens Faicing Fass {bc mat iar Fig. 43. Button lock Nange = s * fastened to asxio| 5 | tow tanga 5x10) + | Medi sage . < , * With central tie bar B‘single stiffeners jrriensions and ratings 28 : “* Section pas * Thickgess, TF Rag i es 3 v2 30 ‘ S 40 4 rm $0 5 Ss i c) 3 56 os] Flas 45 ra rs = ; 30 16 2 0 16 83 50, ao se aE | Fig. 46 a 73 a : as 16 a 1 35 16 3 q 40 20 4 4 20 12 92 2 16 33 \ 40 16 - | r ed 2.0 $5 1 | Fig @ i 2» 08 1 \ 30 1.0 s2 B a 12 3 * fT Fig. 49 2s 08 os | | _t Note= Figs. 48 and 49 are notional profiles of sections suitable for ose as intermediate Wffeners Fig. 50 Tie rods (alternative methods) ( ip seedy ae EEE EAB gng/ cee | =a | a [Nole-Tie rods iustated in Figs. 11810120 (page 52) are also suitable. MSloadardisation of fitings * er od desplions of rectangular duct fags as set oul in Table 11 are recommended for Apion as standard practice, a being in the inter- iS of designers, quantity surveyors and ductwork & and of those using computers in duct- 2s design and fabrication, Weds are ‘designated as ‘hard or ‘easy’, and these ‘Gipson ceed herein ve the owing mein: Fsprard’. signifies rotation in the plane of the onger side ofthe cross section. Peasy’ signifies rotation in the plane of the shorter side of the ess section ‘Anexample illustrating there terms is given in Fig a [Fig 51 Bends examples of hard’ and 7 ied Easy 11.2 General constructional requirements ‘The mininvum metal thicknesses specified in Table 4 apply to duct fittings. In all cases the larger dimension shall determine the sheet thickness and stiffening. Where fittings are to be galvanized after manufacture, the requirements of Table 9 will apply. 113 Stitteners ‘The fat sides of fittings shal be stiffened in accor- dance with the construction tables 5 {0 8, On the Gat sides of bends, stiffeners shall be arranged in 2 radial pattern, with the spacing measured along the centre line of the bend, 114 Splitters Splitters shall be attached to the duct by bolts or Siechanically-closed rivets (or by such other fixing Scan be shown tobe equally stsaston) at 100 fm maximum spe ‘WS "Raraiag vanes“ Square bends shall be fitted with turning vanes, ‘which shall be securely attached at each end either to the duct of to internal runners and the runners fastened to the duct by mechanically-closed rivets or bolts at 150 mim maximum spacing 35 For single-skin vanes, the maximuin length be- tween supports shall be 615 mm, and for doubte- ‘skin vanes the maximum length between supports shall be 1250 mm. ie ‘The recommended minimum number of turning vanesiis given by the formula: No= EE (cers. 55) ‘An inner face radius of 50 mm is commonly used, and Table 12 gives the minimum number of such vanes forthe standard widths of rectangular ducts setout in Table 3 11.6 ‘Twin bends For examples of twin bends, see Figs. 56 to 58. “Turning vanes in twin bends in which the widths of the straight section and branch differ shall be set so thatthe leading’and the trailing edges of the turn-* ing vanes are parallel to the duet axés. 11.7 Branches A branch should be taken off a straight section of duct, not off a taper. Branches should be con- nected to the tain duct as follows: 11.7.1 Branches for low- and medium-pressure ducts Connection of branch to duct may be by cleats, rivets or bolts, and sealant shall be used be- tween duct and branch, 11.7.2 Branches for high-pressure duets Ducts shall be stiffened as necessary to take the branch connections, and the joints made by rivets or bolts, with sealant between duct and branch. 11.7.3 Welding AS an alternative to the metbods described in 11.7.1 and 11.7.2, branch connections may be continuously welded. 11.8 Change shapes Where a change shape is necessary to accommo- date the duct and the cross-sectional area is to be maintained (Fig. 72), the slope shall not exceed 224s" on any side. Where a change in shape in- cludes & local reduction in cross-sectional area (Fig. 73), the slope should not exceed 15* on any side and the reduction in arga should not exceed 20, percent . 11.9 Expansions and contractions ‘Where these are required, an expansion shall be made upstream of a branch connection and a con- traction downstream of a branch connection. The slope of either an expansion or a contraction should not exceed 22%" on any side. Where this angle is not practicable, the slope may be increas- ed, providing that splitter (Fig. 68) are positioned ct the angle between any side and the centre Tine of the duct. > 11.10 Sealant Sealant shall be use in all longitudinal seams and ‘ross joints of fittings. Sealant shall be to the re- quirements of Section 27,STANDARD NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS Name and description Fig. No. fi 2? Bends Shortradius—"W' upto300mmallanglts.. 2. ess 52a) * Short radius —‘W" over300 mum (all angles) 52(0) Medium radius (allangles) . Pasteary Long radius (allangles) .. se Square (with turning vanes) 55 ‘Twin radius—equal (ait angles) a Oy ec 56 ‘Twin radius~unequal (al angles) be Ea ‘Twin square (with turning vanes) 38 Branch (allangles) 8 Branches : Rectangular orcircular(9) oo ws . 60 Rectangular orcircular(allnglesother than 90"). www ww a Shoe (rectangular or circular) a Shoe high pressure) —reccangular 6 Ottsets angled ee Boea 6 ited er ee ee 65 ached ee eee 7 6 Tapers Concentri (wighaut splitters) a Concentri (with spiters) ; 8 Becenttic ® ‘Transformations ° ) Rectangular to circular (concentric) E mi Rectangular to cirvlas (eccentric) . nan { Change shapes | Cross-sectional area retained. ae e n Cross-sectional area reduced B 36Three ~ Fittings for rectangular ducts For sealing requirements, see Sec, 11.10 (page 33) Fig. 52(b) Short {Pradius~‘W’ over £300 mm (Splitters “not applicable to bends under 45°) “Example with 2 minimum throat racius (100m): uptos00 | None Over 300 "p10 300 1 Dyer 500, upto 1000 2 Over 1000 3 Fig. $2. Medium radius (all angles) Fig. 54° Longradius {atlangles) bey Splersshosidbe pesiloned oth he fai oreseh a passage isprteraty wove 3 wha minima of 123, Fig. SS Square im ruber of Wh oct wring vance e 20 ‘ 300 5 ry n so 5 ay 18 00 2. Fig. 56 Twinradius— ‘equal (all angles)" Fig. 57 Twinradius— unequal (all angles)* Twin-square Fig. 59 Branch {allangtes) *sptuesia = eect wi \ Sanaa eanmeany 37 SRSA tasHart tree Kectangutur auc juungs~ continued Branches Fig. 60 90° branch (rectangular or clreular) Fig. 61 Angled branch 22 angles other than 90° 4 Tapers Fig. 67 Concentric $7 withoutsplcters Fig. 68 Concentric~ { ‘with spliecers + bed ben “4 Branch duct | Dimensions | a e oe | a i Z -i i centric 9 Fig. 69 ‘ 130 | Fig. €2 Shoe branch 7 oa (rector circ) Backing op gs Pe” | Fawtornatons [ weainges: [Bata FE | Fig. 10 Rect. tocire. opening. | backing eae ciomerste) | “aap ccentric : | tin | ne | ovee soup | nersat Fig, TI Rect.tocire, vein” | “cy | Fig, 63 Shoe branch | concentric over 1000 | imsenaland | (rectangular) — exert | high-pressure Offsees ‘Change shaper f = Fig. 72. Cross-sectional : BE Fig. 64 Angled | arearetained + A, 3 max Fig. 65 Mitred Fig. 73 Cross-sectional area reduced 38“2 STANDARD SIZES {2.1 Two size ranges of circular ducts are in use in “fhe UK: ISO and Impetial. For design purposes ‘the same surface area, flow rate and frictional fesistanee may be used for each corresponding size. Col, 1 of Table 13 sets out the standard sizes accep- ted by the International Standards Organisation for conversion into an ISO standard; and Col. 2 gives the nearest Imperial size equivalent. Table 13. Circular ducts ~ standard sizes Nearest Surface 1SO standard | Imperial area per sizes (nominal | size“ | metrelength diameter |" (nominal } (ISO sizes, diameter) only) eee ee ee | __ 3 ma mm | Sq. meures 6 64 0.198, n 76 0.223 80 0.251 90 so | 0.283 100 ion 0314 nz : 0352 ws | an 0.393, 140 133 0.440 160 12 | o.s02 180 rs 0.566 200 203 0.628, 224 ng 0.708 250 254 0.785, 280 29 0.880 315 305 | 0.980 355 356 1s 400 906 1257 450 437 1413 500 508. isa 560 559 1760 630 610 1979 70 m 229 800 813 2512 900 on4 2.826 1000 1016 3.142 11205 us 3.517 1250 1270 3.927 Note. The above sires are subject (0 the normal manu facturing tolerances 9 Part Four — Circular Ducts 13 CONSTRUCTION 13.1 Spirally-wound ducts ‘Tie minimum constructional requirements set out in Table 14 are common to the full range of pres- sues covered in this specification. The method of forming the duet and the specified cross joints make additional stiffening unnecessary. 13.2 Straight-seamed duets “Table 15 gives the differing minimum require ments according to the pressure classification. All straight-seamed circular ducts shall be manu- factuted with a swage not less than 40 mm or more than 75 mm from each end, unless a reinforcing angle ring is fitted. Ifstraight-scamed circular duets are required to be galvanized after manvfacture, the sheet thickness used for suck ducts shall bea minimum of 1.2mm, itrespective ofthe sizeof the duct; and cross joints shall in all cases be angle flanged. 13.3 Longitudinal seams 13.3.1 Spirally-wourd ducts 3 grooved seam usedin sprally-wouned cceu- lar ducts, provided itis tightly formed to pro- duce a rigid duct, is accepted as airtight to the requirements of all the pressure classifications covered in this specification, without sealant in the seam, 13.3.2 Straight-seamed ducts The longitudinal seam for siraight-seamed cir- ccular ducts shall be either the grooved seam (Fig. 74), continued to the extreme end of the duct and sealed during manufacture; of @ con tinuous butt or lap weld, provided this gives a smooth internat finish 13.4 Cross 13.4.1 General Cross joints for circular ducts, both spiraly wound and siraight-seamed, are illustated in Figs. 75 to 86. They include several proprietary types and the limits of ise in terms of diameter and pressure classes are noted against each. 13.4.25e Sealant shall be used in alt circular duct cross joints, whether the ducts are spirally-wound or straight-scamed. Alternatively, such cross joints shal be continuously welded. (However, the synthetic rubber gaskets incorporated ia joints Figs. 80 and 81 are regarded as providing an effective sealant for those joints.) nts aatrwelding, The use of cheniicat-reaction tape or heat: ‘shrinkable band shall be regarded as an effective sealant in respect of the socket and spigot joints illustrated.13.4.3 Socket and sfigh jolt without gasket iis te cae ent he ens to be joined shalt tithes be carefully cleaned with a suitable solvent toa length of 100 mm and sealant applied to the spigot so as to give a joint length in accordance with Table 18, or, seafant shall be applied in the alternative position indi- figures nos. 75, 76, 77, 82, 83 and 84, Use of excessive sealant shall be avoided. The joint shall be held in place by a migimum of three permitted fastenings, Table 14 SPIRALLY-WOUND DUCTS Where the joint is made by enclosure, such as with a chemical-reaction tape, heat-shrinkable band oF sirap, or other approved material, the maker's instructions shall be followed, 13.4.4 Flanged joins ‘The duct end shall be turned up.approximately 10mm. Alternatively, the duct shall be continu- ously welded inside the angle flange. Sealant or gasket shall be used between the angle flanges. 13.4.5 Welded Joints ‘The limitations for welded joints are given in BSS. Maximum Minimum (nominal) sheet Minimum stiffening requirements ‘diameter thickness 7 2 3 mm mm 205 06 None 762 08 None | 4 10 | None * i ~~ | Noneif tube is also helically beaded H I factory made: Fig. 75; iste made: 1020 10 Fig. 77 (angle reinforced) or Fig. 78 or 79 (angle flanged) ~ all +" 7000 en maximum |_ spacing = Figs. 78 and 79 at 3000 nm niaximun spacing Table 1S. STRAIGHT-SEAMED DUCTS Minimum sheet thickness aaa ’ M ite nominal) | Low ani inimum stiffening a ium- High- requirements diameter pene pressure quirement I 2 3 4 __! mum mm | mum 205 06 08 510 08 08 Swaged at both ends ofall joints 0 08 10 Swaged ax Wath ends ofall joints; _ a ee 30x33 mm angle rings at 1250 sping 1525 12 12 40.x4 mum angle rings at 1250 mm spacing 0B 13.5.1 Permitted types and maxmum centres, E Table 16 sets out the permitted fastenings and 2 maximum spacings for low-, medium- and high- pressure ducts, All duct penetrations shall be sealed. 13.5.2 Rivets Manufacturers’ recommendations as to use, sive and drill size are to be followed. Rivets resulting in an unsealed aperture shall not be used. 13.5.3 Bolts and nuts Bolts and nuts shall be of mild steel, protected by electro-galvanizing, Shererdizing, cadmium- plating or other equal and approved finish. 13.5.4 Self-tapping screws Self-tapping screws, while not recommended, are acceptable in circumstances in which the use of other types of fastening isnot practicable. ‘The suitability of welding for sheet-to-sheet fastening will be governed by the sheet thick- ness, the size and shape of the ductor fitting and the need to ensure airtightness. Welded joints shall provide a smooth internal surface and shall be free from porosity. Distortion shall be kept toa minimum, ‘Areas where the golvanizing has been damaged cor destroyed by welding or brazing shall be suit- ably prepaced and painted internally and exter- nally with zine-richor aluminiuos pat 14 FITTINGS 14.1 Standardisation of tings ‘The names and deseriptions of circular duct fittings 48 Sct out in Table 19 are recommended for adop- tion as standard practice, as being in the interests of designers, quantity surveyors and ductwork Table 16 Permitted fastenings and maximum spacings circular duets Sheet osection (cross joint fanges| ‘ypeot | Sheettosheet | andintermediate fastening | (cross joints) | silfening Manges) Spiral] Suaight ‘wound | seamed 1 2 3 | 4 mm | mm Mechanically {300mm centres] 150 | 150 closed rivets | (minimum thee) Bolts andnuts| — | 300 Lock bolts - — | 300 Spot welds = = | 10 contractors, and of those using computers in duct- swork design and manufacture. The requirementi for eireular duct fitings apply throughout the pressure ranges covered in this speciticaticn, 14,2 Nominal diameters ‘The nominal diameter (see Table 13) is the used for design and ordering. With socket and spigot joints, care should be taken to erisure that the dimensions of the ducts and Gittings are cor- really related, so that the joint can be etlectvely sealed. 14.3 Sheet thickness Sheet thicknesses for circular duet fittings (deter- tmined by the largest diameter) shall be not less than those quoted in Table 17, 14.4 Socket andspigot joints The minimum length ofspigots are set out in Table 18. Fittings larger than 510 mm diameter shallhave swaged ends, 14.5 Sealing of joints ‘Sealant shall be used in all eross joints of fittings. ‘Sich sealant shall be in accordance with the re- quirements of Section 27. Table 17 Circulat duet fittings sheet th'sknesses Maximum Minimum sheet nominal diameter thickness 1 a 2 mm mm 160 06 510 07 630 08 1020 10 1525 12 Table 18 Circular duct fittings-spigots Maximum Minisauns length duct diameter ‘of spigot 2 mm om Fittings 10 0 3s 40 1525 0. Closures 2 4Part Four ~ Cireulur Dues ~conunuea Fig. 74 Grooved seam (straight-seamed ducts) 7 i : sal . locations Circular duct cross joints Note~ All duct penetrations shall be sealed mits of use Spirally-wound ducts Angle | Maximum. Pressure | a size »:)| diameter |’. classes «| Fig. 75 Plain socket and spigot (duct to fitting) on rim Fastening \ 7: - | wo 1 hensive 1 gestae 1 locations 1 1 H v Fig. 76 Socket and spigot (duct to duct) with connector Fariening Alerative 4 sear 1 locations 1 1 Low 7 tox | | Medium High ro tot Fig. 77 Angle reinforced socket and spigot with connector Alematve PJ Fastening ; poston foe i t x3 762 Low "aterm $30x3 1020 | | Medium iealan | 40x4 1525 High 1 : “Where angle rings specified + — 1 L. a 42Limits of use Spirally-wound dts ‘Angle | Maximum | Presure size | diameter | class F | 1253 762 | \Low. "303 | 1020 | {Mediom 4oxe | 1525 | {High | | *Vihere flanged joints are specified L : 79 Angle flanged Altroative (ternal) sealant Alteroativesealailocations, cain : Low *30K3 1020 |} Medium Fata : Fasten sre ng "San | 40oxs | 1525 |} High tor gasket ‘ ' “Where Danged joints 7 are specified eee I L Fig. 80 Socket and spigot with synthetic rubber double gasket Notsuit- | °1020 “|| Low. able for Medium helically beaded spiral tube Fig. 81 Socket and spigot with synthetic rubber - single gasket Fancalng Notsuit- | 1020” | { Low able for Medium helically beaded spiral tube aLimits of use Stralght-seamed duets ‘Angles | Maximum | Presure size * | diameter | lass Fig. 82 Socket and splgot—plaln __-Alenatve 7 : mm mm * s09 || Low Mediuin High 1 Fig. 83 Socket and spigot with connector ‘teoaive i tesla i lortons 3, 800 | { Low Medium Fastening High 1 i at Fig. 84 Socket and spigot~ angle reinforced 1 erative, Foti : Atco, Fastening * i feats SN ' *25x3 72 |{Low | “30x3 | 1020. | | Medium aoxd | 155° | { High “Only whece angle ring , ‘pected 5 Fig. 85 Angle flanged 12523 762 | ( Low 30%x3 1020 |} Medium 40x4 1525 | | High Fastening {eri0eim | *Only where flanged joint 7 i specified | t : i i - i 2Limits of use Straight-seamed ducts ‘Maximum | Pressure flat ‘|: diameter | class Re 86 Flat Fring flanged mm 25x3 60 | tow 30x3 | 1029 | { Medivee 40x} 1525 45"| Table 19 CIRCULAR DUCT FITTINGS- : { STANDARD NAME AND DESCRIPTIONS“ Name and description + | Fig. No. 1 2 Bends Segmented. fve section 0 8 Segmented four section 60° 88 ‘Segmented -three section 45° 89 Segmented -two section 30", 90 Pressed—medium radius... 91 Pressed—long radius .. : 92 Pressed — twin radius (all angles) 93 Branches . Square. 7 34 ‘Angles (alt angles less than 90°) o os Conical... 96 Bell mouth 7 Shoe 9% Tangential. 9 Miued .. 100 Change shapes Concentric taper .. - 101 Eccentric taper 102 ‘Transformations Circular to rectangular (coneéinttic). 103 Circularto rectangular (eccenttic) rot Offsets Mitred ees ee 105, Radiussed oe a ee ” 106 Connectors Male 5 = z 7 Female . a 40s Closures Plugend : oe 109 Capend : no 46t Four - Fittings for circular ducts For sealing requirements, sce Sec. 14.5 (page 39) [Note - All segmented bends shall havea swage ateackend, Bends (segmented) Bends (radiussed) « (JAD or ID throat radius) Sly / 4 4 % section 90° (also = Fig. 91 Pressed aeceptableasa me ae radius four-segment bend) = (available up to smencbend Lo Som eo Fig, 98 Segmented~four- section 60° Fig. 92. Pressed oo zlengradius (available up to \ 300mm) bp} Z & So % Fig. 89 ee Segmented eit three-section 45° = Fig. 93. 90° win radius (made from pressed bends z Figs. 91 and 92) % bo Fig. 90 i Segmented ~two- 8 section 30° —— a7ee er ae prancnes yee eoanection off ‘he ductor a4 sseparate feog) Fig. 94 Square Fig. 95 Angled atl angles other than 90° Fig, 96 Conical Fig. 97 Bell mouth Fig. 98 Shoe Fig. 99 ‘Tangential Fig, 100 Mitred ‘Change shapes Fig. 101 Taper~ ‘concentric Fig. 192 Taper Transformations Fig. (0 Circular te rectangular ~ concentric Fig. 104 Circular to rectangular~eccenteit Offsets, Closures | J Fig. Fig. 109 a Phig end A capent| Table 20 sets out the standard sizes of spirally.wound oval ducts offered by the manufacturers of ducts of issection. (Nominal | Surface Fatemness | "ee length 75 100 12s 150 200 250 i 1 2 mum — | 5q. metres Am mm mi mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm ons 320 0.798 360 380 330. 320 . 0.878 400 390 320 360 os 0.958 440430 410400 107 -| E A 127 A 555525 1a | Gs as 560 ts | 3 TS 690 660 630 2075 : 4 960 930 900 875 845 “BIS 785 755 228 7 O40 1010 985 955 925 BIS 65 BIS 2.394 1120-1090 1065 1035 1005 975 945 915 2553 1200 1170 1145 LHS 1085 1055 1025 1000 10 2.873 1335 13051275 12451215 11901160 _ 392 1465 1435. 1405 1375 1350 1320 “3st 16251595 1570 1540 1510 1480 3.830 1785-1760. 1730 17001670 1640 49“Flat oval’ is the ten usea 10 gescrive @ auet ot cross-section with flat opposed sides and semi- cireular ends. The duct is formed from a sprally- wound circular duct, u covered in this specication, 7 Flat oval ducts may also be formed from fat sheet with straight seams (see Section 17), Table 21 — Flat oval ducts ~ low- and medium-pressure ~ stiffening requirements r 2 Depth of duct (minor axis—'D") ~ nomin ee pth of duct (minor axis—'D") — nominal 75 100 125 150 200 250% 300 350 400 450 S004 Tod 2 : Am mm am mM mm mm mm mm mm mm mm 320 360 350 330 320 Not required 400 390 370 360 . 440 430 410 400 = | 40 470 450 40 ae g of | | 920 505 490 480 g 5s 530 520 § ; 555 925 5 635 605 580 Fig. 11 1 715 | 80 660 630 100 rum centres, # I 3 800 70 {740 710 685 655 : & 880 845 825] 790 765 735 705 680 + g Fig. 112 3 960] 930 900 875 {gas BIS 785 755; 750 mm centres 3 t Hi is 1040 1010 | 985 955 925 | 895 65 835} 1 z she xiz0 1070 1065 ficas_ sons 975] ses 915 Fig. 113 1200 [3370 1345 1115 |108s 1055-3025 |L000 ; 500 mm centres . 5 ‘ 1335 1305 |1275 1245 1215 [1190 1100 } en i 34651435 1405 [1375 1350 1320 | Reel 16251595. 1570 1540 1510 [1480 17851760 1730 1700 1670. 2640 |Depth of duct (minor axis—'D')~ nominal Tie rods 75 “100 125 150 200 250 300-350 400 450 500 1 2 An Am Am mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm 320 360 350 330 320 400 390 370 360 ° 440 430° 410400 = Not required 480 470 450 440 520 505 490 480 E S45 530 £20 Fig. 114 i ig. [ah mmcentres | 4 cola Hl € 635 605 580 i 8 Fig. 115 1 715 | 690 660 630 150 mm centres fo — Cb B 800 770 | 740 710° 685 655 | = 4 880 845 825] 790 765 735 705 660 Fig. 116 eb 960 | 930 900. 875 | 845 B15 785 755 500 mm centres E : int ovo 1010] 985 955 92s | a9 aes a3 qi = 1120 1090 1065 |io3s 100s 975 | 945 915 : 3 1200 1170 1145 1145 jioss_10ss 1025 [1000 Fig. 117 1335 1305 |1275 “1245 1215 [1190 1160 - —| 1465 1435 1405 [1375 1350 1320 1625 1595 1570 1540 1510 |1480 1785 1760 1730 1700 1670 1640 ae SLsesrepel tape Part Five - Flat Oval Ducis~ continued 16.2 Longitudinal seams Spirally-wound flat oval duet is accepted as aietight to the requirements of this specification without sealant in the seams, provided the grooved seam is tightly formed to produce a rigid duct. 16.3 Cross joints : Cross joints shall be as Figs. 75, 16 0r 77, or such other joint as can be shown to the designer to be equally satisfactory. Sealant, whether mastic, chemical-reaction tape for heat-shrinkable tape) shal! be used in all cross joints 16,3.1 Socket and spigot Joins Where t:> joint is made with sealant, the ends (0 be joined shall be carefully cleaned with a suitable solvent to a length of 100 mm and seal- nt applied to the spigot so as to give a join. length as forthe requirements for circular ducts, ~ see Table 18, Use of excessive sealant shall be avoided. The joint shall be fixed with permitted fastenings at 60 mm centres, onthe flat surfaces only, Where the joint is made by enclosure, such as swith a chemical reaction tape, heat shrinkable band oF strip, or ather approved material, the maker's recommendations shall be followed Care should be taken to msiatain elose contact between the material and the fat sides of the duct until the jofnt is compl 16.3.2 Flanged joints Where coritions require the use of flanged joints, they shall be as Fig, 78 or 79. Altern: tively, the duct shall be coatinuously welded inside the angle flange. Sealant shall be used tvetween the duct and the spigot, and sealant or sket between the angle flanges. The flanged Joint shal! be secured by bots and nuts at 150 nm centres. 16.4 Stiffening ‘The larger sizes of flat oval duct are stiffened by swages, as Indicated ja Table 20. Additionally, te rods (see Figs. 118 to 120) are required, positioned as indicated in the cespective tables ad illustrations. ‘Asan alternative to tie rods, stifening in the form of external angles may be used to meet the require: iments of the corresponding rectangular duct sizes. 17 CONSTRUCTION (STRAIGHT-SEAMED) 17.1 Flat ovet ducts with opposed sides and semi-circular ends may also be formed us pluin sheet and straight seums. Duets s0 formed Should follow the metal thicknesses and stil fening requirements specified for ths corres ponding sizes of rectangular ducts, except that stiffening is necessary on te flat sides only. Seams and cross joints shall be sealed to ensure the necessa-v degree of sictightness throughout the pressure ranges covered in this specification 18 FITTINGS 18.1 General construetionai reqaiements : Sheet thicknesses for fat oval fittings (determined, , by the periphery ofthe larger end) shall be not ess, tian those given in Table 20 for the ducts them. selves. With sockes and spiyot joints, cure {o ensure thatthe dimensions ofa are correctly relsted Allthe seams and joint sealed 1 the same stand: 18,2 Standard fiings for Table 23 lists the basic for the fat ovat duct are given fa Figs, 12 jn combination, witi covert for flat oval ducts woul be taken cs aud fittings sa tna fitting shall be as the duct. ovat ducts ms and accepted names ; typical illustrations base forms, used range of fitings Tierodassembly-alternative arrangements Fig. 118 With internal and external nuts TT i Fig. 120. With shouldered rodfable 23. FLAT OVAL DUCT FITTINGS - to STANDARD NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS ‘Name and description Fig. No. Bends Segmented—five-section 90° (hard) m1 Segmented five-section 90? (etsy) vs» e im Segmented threesection4S*(hard) ww 5 13 Segmented~three-section 45*(ea5y) _ 4 ‘Square (hard) (rectangular body, flat oval ends) ” 125 Square (easy) (rectangular body, flat oval ends) 126 a Wa, Square(easy) we eo 5 18 Win 7 os 129 Branches : For fittings off flat profile see rectangular fitings, Figs. 60, 61 and 62 For branches offsemi-clrcular profile, see cieular fittings, Figs. 94 t0 100 Tapers Reducer concentric : 130 Reducer— eccentric ee Br ‘Transformations Flatovaltocircular .. 12 Flatovalto rectangular . Boo 133 Oftset Mitred (hard or easy) “ -. 134 Coupling st c 135 Cosa) ee 5 a 136 3Part Five - Fittings for flat oval ducts For sealing requirements, see Sec. 18.) (page 50) Bends Bends (ctd) Fig. 121 Fig. 129 Segmented~ Twin five-section }} 90° (hard) Jt Fig. 122, Segmented ~ five-section ‘ Tapers 90° (eas a ae 17 2k Reducer ~ > + coneaneae + {| 20a HY | Fig. 123 —— | Segmented - 7 } three-section a rt |. | Transformations ‘ Fig. 124 Wes EAA | pig. 12 : : Segmented- YE D Flatoval to ¢~ three-section © 4" a cicular |b : 45*(easy)- taf THD bh ' a T i Fig. 125 : H Sata Py] (rect. body, | YT | rectangular : flat oval ends) LL SA | oo {ok 1 bow Offset i Fig, 134 ee i Mitred cia Fig. 126 5 { (hard or easy) Square (easy) (rect. body, a flat oval ends ) RD Fig. 127 T] Square (hard) | wt Closure Fig, 128 ns Fig. 136 Square (e257) i? | [ewe saiste ie i | GENERAL iL Principles adopted ipports afe an essential part of the ductwork jjcm, and their supply aad instilatioa are dor- Try the responsibility of the ductwork con- ines. The choice between the available methods Aising will depend on the type of building struc: whis and of any Himitations imposed by the struc: wal design, Further, unless the designer has 4 slid his requirements in etal, the load to be ed shall be understood to be Timited (0 the ‘work and its associated insulation, Ir isnot practicable to deal here with the full range Crsupports available, which increasingly includes poptictary types, so in this section various tiethodgs of support are dealt with in principle tnider the three eleinents of (2). the attachment to the structure; (2). the hanger itself; and (3) the duct support; ‘vith illustrations of those mast commonly used, Speeiat etcencion has been given ty the lreatinent ‘of supports for insulated duets, with and without vapour sealing. Supports for ductwork extemal to the building have been excluded, as these are individually de- signed to suit the circumstances, and also may be required to meet loca! authority staqdards. For the same reasons, floor supports have not been dealt with, With a proprietary device, it will, unless the "designer has specified his requirements in detai, be the responsibility of the ductwork installer t ensufe that it meets sequisements, witha sufficient margin of overload; and that it isinstalled in accor- dance with the manufacturer's recommendations, The absence of any method or device {rom this specification does not prechade its use if 2 can be demonstrated that itis suitable for the duty assiga- cd to it, with « sufficient margin of safety agsinst overioad and this willbe the respoasibility of the Aluctwork installer, unless the designer has speci= Feo ifs requirement in detal 19.2 Fixing to building structure ‘The fixing (o the building structure should be of a strength and durability compatible with those of the ductwork Support attached 10 it. A fixing to concrete or brickwork must be made in sucha way that i¢ cannot foosen oF pull out through normal stressing or through normal changes in the build: ing structure. 55 Part Six — Hangers and Supports 19.3 Horizontal ductwork 19.341 Attachment to structure ‘Attachments may be secured to the structure by means of an expansion anchor (Fig. 137) or chanel section (Fig. 138). The use of the shot- fired type of bolt in a vertical position is not recommended as support fora suspended oad. Where ducts are supported from walls, the bearing member is normally built into or at- tached to the wall and the duet tuspended or supported therefrom. ‘Attachment to the building frame may be made ‘by means of beam clamps (Fig. 139) or spring clips or Hooks (Figs. 140). In addition, spring clipsadjustable for height (Fig. 141) can be used with rod or stadcing. While application and loading are the main fac- tors ia the choice of attachment, the conse- quences of dslodgeiment should be considered if those relying mecely on friction, e.g. spring clips, are used. 19.3.2 The hanger itseit ‘The hanger itself is usually wild steel plain rod or studding or fat strug, pre-treated by, ¢-8. hot-dip galvanizing, Sherardizing, electro deposited rine plating ox by some ather accept ed anti-corrosion treatment, Other materials, such as stranded wire, may also be acceptable. Projection of a rod or studing hanger through the bottom beater should, where practicable, not exceed twice the thickness of the securing, ut Provided the integrity of the ductwork is main- tained, hangers may be attached to the comers of the Tlanges as an alternative to the use of a bottom bearer With proprietary devices manufacturers! recommendations for us¢ should be followed. 19.3.3 The duct support ‘The choice of the lower support wit! be dictated by the actual dust section, 1933.1 Rectangular ducts ‘Table 24 gives minimum dimensions for the hangers and for angle, channel and gratie sec. tlons, The angle is shown in Fig. 142, the chan- nel in Fig. 143 and the proble sections ia Figs. Méand Ms, ‘Typical arrangements of botiom bearer sup- ports for plain, insulated and vapour-sealed ducts are showa in Figs. M46 and 347. Alterna tive methods of support for such ducts, using8 ——— 19.33.2 Circular ducts Table 25 gives minimum dimensions for the hanger and for the brackets. The three common methods of supporting circular ducts are: the strap hanger (Figs. 151 and 153 — limited to ducts with a diameter not exceeding 300 mm the half band clip (Figs. 155 and 157); and the split band clip (Figs. 152 and 154). 19.3.3.3 Flat oval ducts ‘Table 26 gives the mininum dimensions for the hanger; and for the bearer, depending on whether the flat side ofthe ducts horizontal or vertical, ‘Typical arrangements for at oval duct supports are shown in Figs. 156 and 158. 19.4 Vertical duets ‘The design of supports for vertical ductsis dictaced by site conditions, and they are often located to coincide with the individual floor slabs, subject to a maximum spacing of 4 metres. Vertical ducts should be supported from the sti fening angle or the angle frame, or by separate supporting angles fixed to the duct. A typical method of supporting vertical rectangu- lar ducts is shown ia Fig. 159 and for circular duets in Fig. 160, The same methods are applicable to vertical flat oval ducts 19.5 Heavy loadings For ducts larger than those coveved by Tables 26 to 26, or where heavy equipment,- mechanical ser Vices, ceilings or other additional toad is to be applied to the ductwork, supports shall be design. ed t0 vit the conditions, 19.6 Insulated ducts Where ductwork is requited to be insulated, this must be clearly specified, so that hangers are spaced to provide clearance for the insulation Otherwise, supports may be as for uninsulated 19.6.1 Insulated ducts with vapour seating Where the temperature of the air within the duct is at any time low enough to promote mois, ‘ure penetration through the lagging and cause condensation on.the exterior surface of the duet, vapour sealing may be called for, and in this case the most important zequirement is to limit penetration of ehe seal. ‘he extent of any Yapour seing of ductwor und the method fo be used, must be clearly speas fied in advance, us follows: maa Method 1 Where the risk of damage due to condensation is slight, the vapour seal can be applied to the insulated duct and made good round the sup. Portsto achieve an acceptable level of proofing Method 2 Where it is essential to keep penetration of the vapour seal to a minimum, supports should be ‘external to the insulation, as shownin Figs. 147, 150, 154, 156, 157and 158, ~ ‘The insulation and vapour bartier should be abutted to the insulator incorporated with the duct support. This’ insulator shall be non hnygeoscupic ang shall be capable of earrying the itmpésed load without significant compression. ‘'ypicai materials are haciwood or treated sol wwod (in. separate block form for circular duets); GRP (glass-reinforeed plastics); and ied rubber compounds. Some proprietary uystems of support for vapour-sealed ducts ase available, 19.6.2 Heat transfer Ie is not normally necessary to make speciat ‘atrangetnents for the limitation of heat transte via the duet supports. However, there may be special cases where the temperature difference instifics «heat barrier to conserve heat oF to prevent condensationPart Six — Hangers asid Supports ~ cominued corner cleats, are shown in Figs. 148, and using _ductwork, Where fire regulations apply, approval stirrup brackets in Figs, 149 and 150, of the relevant authority may be needed. 19.3.3.2 Circular ducts 19.6.1 Insulated ducts with vapour seating Table 25 gives minimum dimensions for the Where the temperature of the air within the hanger and for the brackets. The thtee common uct is at any time low enough to promote mois. methods of supporting circular ducts are: the ture penetration through the lagging and cause steap hanger (Figs. 151 and 153 ~ limited to condensation on. the exterior surface of che ducts with a diameter aot exceeding 300 men; duct, vapour sealing may be called for, and in the half band clip (Figs. 155 and 157); and the this case the most important requirement is to split band clip (Figs. 152 and 154). limit penetration of the seal. 19.3,3.3 Flacovat duets ‘The extent of any vapour scaling of ductwor! Table 26 gives the mininum dimensions for the tund the mettod to be sed, mest be clesrly specs hanger; and for the beater, depending on fied in advance, us follows: hether the fat side ofthe ¢.2t i horizontal or Method L vital ‘rhere the risk of damage ¢. - to condensation ‘Typical arrangements for flat oval duct supports is sight, the vapour seal exe be applied to the ace shown in Figs. (S6and 158, insulated duct and made good round the sup- 19.4 Vertical duets ports to achieve an acceptable level of proofing ‘The design of supports for vestcal duets is dictated Methed 2 by site conditions, and they are often located to Where itis essentist oincide withthe individu! oor slabs, subject to vapour seal 10 a min snaximuon spacing of ¥ meiz external co the insutation, if 150, 154, 156, 157 ond 158: keep penetration of the mi, epports should be Figs. 147, Vertizal ducts should be supported trou tie sti e fening yagle or the angle frame, or by separate The insulation and vapour bartier should be supporting angles fixed 10 the duct abutted (0 the insulator incorporated with the insulator shall be non: ble of carrying the ‘cant compression, boa or treated salt: rm for circulir wnscest pasties); and fs. Sante proprietary sealed ducts arc fuct support. Th hygtoncape ang shallbe ricthod of supporting vertical rectangu: ‘sis shown in Fig, 159 and for circular ducts i. The some ineviods 3:2 applicable 40 at oval ducts iting’ of oth to she ductwo; conditions essary to make special vitztion of heat transfer However, there may be 2 shy cenigerature difference Ftp somerve heat of 1 suluced ducts spectties, 58Table 24 Supports for horizontal ducts ~ rectangular Hanger Bearing member Maximum Rod or Rolled steel | Rolled steel | Roll formed tuctsize | studing | re stca angle channel | channel (longer | “evo wcsiap | orf) | Section seston proie side) cia W Ww HPL JHC ILI [a 2 3 4 S 6 7 mm mm mm mm mm a am uw [ew [aw 400 6 25x08 | 25x25x15] 25225015] 20x25x15| 3000 (plain or |(or 25 x3 Mat) perforated) | (plain) : 25x3 600 8 Ghai) | 25x25x3 | 25225x3.| 25x2521.5 | 3000 3013 LL 1000 8 (plain) Wx30x3, | 25x30x3 | 30x25x1.5 2500 40x5 1500 10 (plain) 0x40x3 | 30x40x3 | 40x25x15] * 2500 4025 2000 10 (plain) 40x40x4 BOx40x4 | 40x25x1.5 2500 40x 6 . A it 3000 n (plain) According td circumstances He Height .W= Widt Table 25 Supports for horizontal ducts - circular i ‘Hanger Bearer ‘Maximum spacing Maximum | prop rod 4 ‘ dust | orstedding | Pxstiop | Stinup | Weaprtound ) Spicy. | Susi diameter {ime} (wo) (Fig. 155) a fey ai i 2 3 4 ss 6 7 mm mm am mm im im mm 305 : 25x08 - 25x08 | 3000 1800 (plain or (plain or perforated 813 8 2523 | 304 3500 2500 Ge) a 1016 10 40x5 40x5 - | 3500 2500 } 4 (plain) [ 1524 10 woxg | 40x5 = 3500 2300 (plain) Notes 10 Tables 24 t0 26 (1) The dimensions included in Tables 24 to26are to be regarded as minima (2) The maximum spacings set out in the tables are related solely to duct weight consider- ations. Closer spacings may be required by reason of the limitations of the building struc: ture or to achieve the necessary duct rigidity. 1Part Six Hangers and Supports ~ continued Table 26 Supports for horizontal ducts ~ flat oval Maxigum Hanger i Bearer rus | Sapa] Ba] lee Pin or studding strep strap sted spacin major {wo itwo) Fig. 154) ange | : as ia . 7 2 ¥ a i a mm ave eon mm am mn 00 8 25x08 2523 25x9543 200 Giver Gaia) ; perforated) 0s @ 5x3 3x4 254253 3000 (plsiny (plain) 1005 16 30x3 40%5 30x30x3 3000) (olin) (pain) 10 10 40x5 2 Wx40e3 3000 (hia) Notes at foot of previous page also apply to Table 26 Fig. 137. Expansion anchor (@) Wits tat aeap Fig. 138 Concreteinsert for hanger Fig. 139 Clamps to structural steel (@)Rotied steel joist (@) Rolled steel ule 8Fig, 1a Rolied steel azle sealed to Method | Fig. Ide "Rectangular duce Fig. 147 Rectangular duct plain or Inulated. Can be Tnavlated and vapour sealed ‘apour sealed to Method |. ‘Ais applleabe to Mat insulated. Canbe vapour Fig. 140 Spring clipe Fig. MI Sliding ering ip ‘Arrangement of beaters and hangers Fig, 10. 5 : Rolled nee) Fiz. 15 toverted pr channel channel (at Fig. 144 Prete charinel (aleernadtvey toMethod2. Fig. (49 Rectangular duct with Stirrup bracket plain or Insulated. Can be vapour sealed to Method f. Fig. 150. Rectangular duct wih Stlerup bracket ivulated and ‘Vapour sealed to Method 2, 9! Part Six ~ General~ Hangers and Supports~ continued Not to be wed fon ducts larger than 300 mm siameter Not tobe used onductelareer J ‘tan 300 es iameter Fig. (St Circular duct ‘wrap-round strip hanger ~plain or insulated. Can be vapour sealed to Method |. Fig. 153 Circular duce wich Fig, 152 Circular duct wieh ‘rp double hanger ~plain or plitclip brackeeplainoe fsulaced, Can be vapour sealed intated.Cinbevapoursealed " ” Method | Apieale also co toMethod I. ak oval ducts) Fig, 155 Circular duce with Insulation spacer sect meta — "Ege Fig, 156 Flacoval stp Stcgoee cfabintast fears Sosa jto Method 1. sce fig. 18, Insulation : spucet| neater” WE sheer metal Fig. 158 Flat ovalinsulated duct with Lottom bearer, + stip Vapour sealed to Method 2 Fig. 154 Circular insulated duce with split clip stirrup bracket — plain or insulzced. / bracket Vapour sealed co Method? : Can be vapour sealed to Method |. Applies 10 both (Applicable also to Mat oval duces) Figs, 156 and 157 InsltngFig. 159 Vertical rectangular ducts * Plain or insulated. Can be vapour-sealed to Method 1. Vapour-sealing to Method 2 isnot applicable with vertial duet supports. Fig. 160 Vertical circular ducts Plain or insulated. Can be vapour-sealed to Method L. Vapour-sealing to Method 2 isnot applicable wit vertical duet supports. aPart Seven — Goreral bis section applies only to aluminium ductwork stiffening requirements for circular ducts made ‘This pplies only fom aluminium, and the permitted types of cross joint. tn general, the requirements of this specification BY sfx low-pressure ganze sel docvrk also 395 Festsings luminium ductwork, subject to the spe- 20.6.1 The types of fastening and the maximum G)atprovison set out below: a Spacing spetfied in Table 10 (rectangular) and 20.2 Materials : Table 16 (circular) apply to aluminium duct- ‘Me sluminiom sheet ted shosld be chosen rom » Not, exe tha uch fastenings hal be of Se ten mio, sites stel or mone metal pn 19.6.1 Some notes onthe welding of aluminium are contained in Appendix Table 27 sets out the minimum constructional and oo Esttfening requirements for rectangularalominium 20-7 Finisues ; | Gucls and the permitted types of eoss joie 20.7.1 No protective finishes are required for Sean aluminium ductwork used indoors or outdoors 20.4 Sealan in normal atmospheric conditions. Appendix J ‘The sealant requirements set out in this spexifi- fives information on the use of protective be cation for galvanized steel rectangular ductwork ial ertaumuieataneetanatesricel {sho aly 0 the longivdinal seams and ros necessary for their application. ee iene ee ae 20.7.2 Mild steel section used with aluminium 20.5 Construction - circular ducts ductwork shall be protected as specified in Sec- ‘Table 28 sets out the minimum constructional and tion 28 (Table 30). <— Maximum spacing Minimum Maximum | Minimum mane between jointsstiffeners aluminium eats oe cxoss-joints [~ Wi cross % (longer side) | thickness Gresknpore | Freres ois pleating ae 1 2 7 $ é maa Tam Figs in maim 400 08 9,10, 33 - - 600 08 112,33 - 25x25%3 800 10 11,12, 33 1500 30x30x4 1000 1.0 11, 12,33 1200 40x40x5 1500 * 12 11,12,33 “B00 40x40x4 2250 12 3B 800 5ox50x5 3000 16 3 600 OOxOxs aSRE ARE Part Seven~ General ~ continued Table 28 Circular alumi constructionai requirements juin ducts (spirally-wound and straight-seamed) — Spiral-wound duet Normal | cross | Minimum -| Normal shoot | foine |, stoning | sheet thickness requirements} thickness ‘Straight-seamed duct asfor as for galraaised | galvanised | duct duct Table | Table as | 4 Col? Minimum angle section faccréss joints Minimum, stifenees sitfening {~ Duct requirements) gt eter SS} diamen Cross joints a angle mm rue hte | gatt’Qcg | 510. | texas F sivanise i win te | Ghee a | nee limits | Table 1525 fsCx50x5) 15 2 ACCESS OPENINGS iLL General lll access openings shall be rigidly framed, with airtight covers designed so that they can be speed- ily removed and refixed. Multiple set screws are not Fecommended, and sell-tanging screws are not acceptable, as a method af fixing, 2LL2 Access and inspection covers - 21.2.1 Subject 10 the restrictions imposed by duet dimensions, openings for access should not be smaller than 375 x 300 mm orlargér than 450 x 375 mm and openings for inspection should have a minimum diameter of 100m. 21.2.2iKt shall be standard practice to provide access covers forthe inspection and servicing of plant and equipment as follows. 21.2.2.1 Fire dampers Cover to be so Jocated a5 10 give access both to the damper and fusible links. 24.2.2.2 Control dampers Cover to be so located as 10 give access to blades and linkages on ducts with diameter or side larger than 400 mm. In branch ducts smaller than 400 mm diameter or side, inspection openings for dampers, not smaller than 100 mm by 100 mm, shalt be used, with airtight cover 3521.3. 21.2.2.3 Filters Cover to be located upstceam. (Nore Dimensions of access openings may need to be changed to suit fier efements of the front withdrawal type.) 21.2.2.4 Cooling cos, heater batteries and humidifiers Cover tobe located upstream, 21.3 Hinged access doors 1 Shall be the designer's responsibility to indicate oon the drawings the location of any hinged access doors required. Unless otherwise specified by the designer, openings should not be larger than 1350 rom high bysiS00 mm wide. Doors shall open against the air pressure. Both the Opening in the duct and the access door itself should be adequate-” ly reintorced (o prevent distortion. A suitable seat- ing gasket shall be provided, together with suf! cent clamping type fatches fo ensute ap aictight and watertight seal between the door and the duct ‘The latches shall have handtes which ean be oper- ated from both the inside and the outside of the door. For safely reasons, the designer should incorporate ‘means-to prevent personne! being trapped inside the duct, eg. with operating handles both inside and outside the duel. 21.4 Test holes for plant system commissioning TT shall be standard practice to provide test holes, normally'13 pim diameter and fitted with an effec tive removable seal, at the following Jocasions: at fans (in the straightest section of duet rear to the Jan ovtlel); at cooling coils and heater batteries (both before and after the coil or battery). The location of these holes stall be contfircaed by tis designer. - i 21.8 Access openings in insulated ducts Where ducts are to be thermally insulated, it is recommended that the frame of the access door oF cover be extended beyond the face of the duct by measurement equal to the thickness of the insula- tion and be so arranged shat the.insulation and finish can be ‘dressed’ into the frame, thereby ensuring that the opening isnot concealed anv that the edges ofthe insulation are protected from acci- ental damage. If it is necessary to insulate the access door or cover, it should be dished to contain the insulation, 21,6 Mand Notes Hand holes to permit proper joining of duct sec signs shall be provided at the manufacturer's discretion, but should be kept to a minimum and made as small as practicable, They shall be render- 6 aietight with sealant and securely fastened. 21.7 Instrument connections Instrument connections shall be provided where 22 CONTROL DAMPERS 22.1 Function Control dampers used in ductwork have three functions: 22.1.1 Isolation fo act as & shut off. Normally, the damper will be fully open, or fully closed. In the fully-open position, the damper should have minimum resistance (0. air flow, and when closed, maximum shut off. This type of damperistither hand- or power-actuated. 22.1.2 Balancing To achieve the required distribution of ar in the ductwork system or at inlets and ovtlets. For this purpose, the damper is fixed manually in any required position between fully open and fully closed. 22.1.3 Controt “To secure dynimie control of the airflow in the ductwork system. In this function, the damper will always be power-actuated and may requice {o be continuous'y or intermittently operated from fully open to fully closed, and to be capable of taking up any position between these extremes. In. the fully-open position, the damper siiould have a significant pressure drop. In the, fully-closed position, it will not neces- sarily achieve a complete shut off 22.2 Types of control damper Control dampers of various types are available for specific purposes, as follows 22.2.1, Single-blade dampers single skin section Plain-blade dampers (single-skin section) shall have a maximum width of 300 mm and maxi- mum length of 300 mm for rectangular ducts; and for circular duets a maximum diameter of 305 mm. 22.2.2 Single-blade dampers double skin section Plain-blade dampers (double-skin section) are suitable for use in rectangular ducts, and shalt ‘have a maximum width of 300 mm and a maxi- eum length of 1200 mm, 22.2.3 Multiteat dampers (single or double skin) parallel and opposed blade ‘There is no restriction on the size of duct in which mult-blade dampersmay be used, but no individual damper blade should exceed 1200 mm in length or 175 mm in width. Where 65 shown on the contract drawings, suitably drilled or bossed and serewed to sizes given. 21.8 Openings required for other purposes Tt shall be the designer's ressonsibilty to specify the location and sizé of any openings required other than those covered in 21.2 and 21.4, dampers are required for spansin excess of 3200 mm, the frames should be sub-divided or inter- mediate bearings used 22.24 Iris dampers : Iris dampers are available (for cireular ducts only) in diameters up 10 460 min, (It sould be remembered that the damper casing is approx: imately twice the diameter ofthe duct) 22.3 Constructional requirements 22.3.1 Low. and medium-pressufe integral dampers The following secommendations apply to dampers forming an integral part of low- and medium-pressure ductwork, ‘The dampers. shall be constructed to prevent distortion and jamming in operation. Damper blades shall be without sharp edges. The blades shallbe sufficiently rigid to eliminate movement when locked. The blades shall be securely bolted to plated steel spindles, the ends of wliich shall be ex- tended to she outside of the duct, witha groove inline with the blade. Spindles shall be carried in non-ferrous oF nylon plain bearings or in ball bearings, All control dampers shall have a lock- ing device located on the outside of the duct and shall give cleat indication of the actual damper position, - 22.3.2 Control syste Control dampers will not normally be posi- tioned in high-pressure ducts: essential dampers should be confined to-arcas of relatively low pressure. Control dampers used in high-pressure ducts shall_ meet the constructional requirements specified in 22.3.1, shall preferably have ex- ternal linkages, and all penetrations of the duct shall be fitted with suitable seals, dampers in igh-pressure 22.3.3 Proprietary types of control damper Proprietary control dampers- are commonly separate units rather than integral parts of the ductwork. The use of any specific type of con- trol damper shall be confirmed with the designer, In all cases, proprietary dampers shall meet the relevant requirements of this specification.Part Seven~ General continied 23 FIRE DAMPERS 23.1 Genera Fire dampers are, required in air distribution systems for fire’ and smoke containment. Generally they are called far where ducts pene- trate walls or loors which form fire barriers. The damper assembly, when builtin, should have a Bre resistance rating equal to that ofthe fire bartier it penetrates. ‘The construction and location offre dampers are for the designer to specify to meet the require meats of the authority directly concerned with te installation, 23.2 Types ‘The main types of damper are single-plate, multi leaf and shutter, Fire dampers of these types are illustrated diagrammatically in Figs, 161 to 164 Hinged dampers should where possible close ia the direction of the air flow. Where high velocities are involved, damper blades ‘when in the open position should be clear ofthe air stream; therefore the arrangements shown in Figs. 161 and 163 are not recommended. Multi-leaf dampers are not recommended for use i vertical ducts but shutter dampers may be used with the addition of an acwating spring. 23.3 Construction Ja the absence of 2 generally agseed standard for, fire dampers, the detailed construction cannot be specified. However, BS-476, Pact8, covers curcent requirements for-fite resistance of building con- stcuction. Proprietary dampers are in general use ‘and it will be the damper manufacturer's responsi- bility yo rmeet the specification for construction and operation, 224 Corrosion resistance Icis recommended that fire dampers be made from an. inherently eotrosion-resistant material or ‘otherwise protected 10 inhibit corrosion, (Some fice authorities make thisa requirement), 23,5 Fusible device Each fice damper blade assembly shall be held in the open position’ by & fusible device (normally specitied byte fice authority release at atemnper- ature of 72°C), and must be designed to ensure rapid closure on release of te link. 23.6 Airalghiness Fire damper casings shall be constructed to the standards of sirdgitness applying to the system of which they form part. B.A Location The effective formed barricc of the fire damper assembly shall be located within the structural opening. Where this is not possibfe the section of the casing outside the fre barrier must have a fire cesistance nat less than that of the fire barrier and be adequately protected against the posssibility of damage by impact. 23.8 Provision for expansion Fire damper assemblies generally include bul clearance frames to meet the requitement :hat the casing be free to expand in the event of fie. The - integrity ofthe fice barrier is msintained ether by ictal to metal contact or by fire resistant packing. Acceptable arrengements are showin in Figs. 165, and 166, Fire dampers Fig. 161 Offset hinged (Festi tat aes oie i g Z 3 ? £ t oe “Kivtiow Fig. [62 Multi-leaf Fascias, Fig. 164 Shutter Danperbiads 6= a {Fiyp 168 Standard approved method of i framing applicable to Fig. 16s | “This esign was developed incollaberaton by VA | doe the HEVAC Association { and is approved by the i Greater London Counc | \ i i Space for expansion Close contact between damper snd rame penal | Splice [assembled {round damper {and builtinto | Trebarice o BENDABLE AND FLEXIULE DUCTS - ETAL “There are two types of these ducts: (a) metal {including plastics-coated meta’), which can be bent but not repeatedly Rexed: and (b) ducts in ictal, which can be flexed a limited numberof times without failure Ducts of these types may require special consider- ation in relation (0 fire hazards, and it is therefore advisable that the requirements ofthe relevant fire authority are met before installation, 24.1 Types available 24.1.1 Readable ducts~m« A number of bendable dicts are avaitable, hoelically-wound with lock sear to form a corru- gated du :t capable of being bent or set by hand yut saving back and without deforming the sircular section. The metals used ace alumi- nium, stainless steel, tin-coated steel or aluminium-goated steel, Plasties-coated bend- able ducts are also available. 24.1.2 Plexible ducts metal Some proprietary ducts of this type, in various metals, are available, having single or multiple layers of strip formed into corrugations and wound in helical or annular form, without any obvious seam or joint. 24.2 Performance Bendable and Mexible ductwork must meet the ‘ondaeds of airtightuess required by the specitica- ris n and be within the Fritiona! limits specified by th: designer. Fig. (66 Framing applicable to Fi 161, 162 and 163 ‘This method is also normally used fora iultiple assembly of shutter-type fire dampers Expansion pace fied ith compresible fre estat packing \\ angle frames \ secured after treba wa 24.3 Manipulation 24.3.1 Goneral Bendable oF Nexible ducts made of aluminium ly in the larger digmeters) can be J manipulated more réadity than those of weet, but are more easily distorted and more susceptible to damage Because of the spiral eorruge seam, care is necessary when cutting, 24.3.2 Beudable Auets~ metal Bends are mate by closing the eorrugations in the theoac and sligiulyopening the corrugations at the back of the end, Some readjustment is possible sith large radius bends, but small radius bends cannot be straightened without leaving some distortion of the corrugations. Repeated bending should be avoided. Care rust be taken to maintain the integrity of the Jock seam, and lock Elongation and compression are limited, and this must be taken into account with short con- nections between fixed points. 24.3.3 Flexible ducts~ metat These ducts will withstand several bendings through 180° and will accept sulficient linear compression ané re-expansion to facilitate installation between oppositely located spigots. 24.4 Jointing Joints can be made with sealant or by enclosure using heat-shriakable band or stip or by chemicalPart Seven General continued reaction tape. ‘When sealant is used, it should forai a continuous barrier, and this can be achieved by a build-up of sealant against the swage on the spigot or by an equivalent stop. Whichever method of jolatng is chosen, it should ‘ensure that the air passage resulting from the spiral ‘corrugation is sealed. Fastenings should be as for rigid circular ducts (Table 16). 24,5 Supports The tigi welght of the duct, plula vr pre-lnsuluted, makes heavy and closely-spaced supports unneces- sary. If in doubt, the manufacturer's reconumtien- dations should be followed, 25 FLEXIBLE DUCTS —FAURIC 28.1 Function -The principal use of non-metallic duet is to join rigid ductwork 10 (erminals in cases where & flex ible duct i needed to make ¢ shon connection benween fixed points, As these types of duct may constitute a fire hazard, i is essential that the requirements of the relevant fire authority are met inall cases. 25,2 Cansteuetion Suitable constructions available comprise: (a) a tough, tcarresistant, fabrie liner and’ cover, proofed with synthetic rubber, enclosing a gal- vanized spring wire helix and feinforced with an ‘outer helix of glass-fibre cord, This type of duct is also avaiable withouta liner. (8) A cough, Rexible aluminium taninate, sup- ported by a reinforcing helix of aluminium alloy or Steel, Other constructions for Nexible ducts ace avail able, but in all cases they should comply with the requirements of 25.3 26 FLEXIBLE JOINTS 26.1 General properties ‘Tye material (normally a treated canvas) used for exible joints must meet any conditions of tem- perature, air pressure and fire resistance specified, and shal comply wich che standard of airtightness specified for the rest of the ducrwork system of ‘which it fonns par 26.2 Location Flexible joincs should aoraally be ficed ac intec and outlet connections to all fans. Any others required should be indicated on the design draw- ings. Care shiould be taken to maintain alignment between the fan and the duet connection, 24.6 Insulatlon tis practicable to insulate metal benduble ducts beforé erection, Several manufacturers offer their ducts pre-insulated with soft lagging. More com. plicated cutting, bending and jointing techniques are involved, 24.7. Acoustic treatment Pre-insulated ducts are also availabie in specitied lengths with perforations in the metal to prot sound absorption. Special care i necessary duriny installation to ensure that the outer easing is mad ainight 24.8 Test notes It is not practicable to make test holes in exible bendable ducts where readings are required; the test holes should be made in the rigid ductwork. 25.3 Performance Flexible ductwork must meet the standards of air. {ightness required by the specification and be with: inthe frictional limits specified by the designer. 25.4 Length ‘The length of Nexible duct used in each ease shoulc be kept to a miniqum, consistent with the part exlac application, 25.5 Joints ‘These witl normally be socket and spigot, witt sealant, as for rigid ductwork, and the joi secured by a worn drive or bolted clipband. 2 some eases soft cuffs are bonded to the flexibt ducts, The manufacturer's recommendations as « jointing and sealant should be followed. 25,6 Supports Flexible ducts should be supported in such a wa, that kinking of the duct is avoided. 25.1 ‘est holes {is not practicable to make test holes in flexi fabric ducts. Where readings are required, the te holes should be made in the rigid ductwork 26.3 Length Flexible joints shall be kept as short as practical above a minimum effective length of 50 min In case shall a Nexible joint exceed 250 minia engt! 26.4 Connections to rectangular ducts With flanged rectangular connections, the flext material shall be held in place with flat bar str attached to a mating flange (Fig. 167). Bor spi connections, the flexible ntaterial shat be held place with fat bar strips Fig. 168), Fiat bar str shal) be used with proprisiary flexible mate: having sheet metal attached along the edges. 1 bar strips shall be not less than 3 mim thick,26.5 Connection to circular and fat oval ducts ‘Adaptors shall be used to provide plain circular ends or spirally-wound ducts. Alternatively, flanged connections may be wsed, adapting the method set out ia 26.4. A sealant in accordance with thé requizements of Section 27 shall be used between the duct and the flexible joint, and the joint sccured by clip-bands with adjustable serew or-toggle fittings. 27 SEALANTS, GASKETS AND TAPES For the purpose of this specification, sealing materials and methods are classified as set out below. 27.1, General properties Sealants and the other materials covered by this section, when used in connection with ductwork, shall permanently retain adhesion and elasticity through a temperature range of 10 70'C, 27.2 Liquid and mastic sealants Any form of sealing substance applied by brush, ‘rowel or injection gun to a joint formed between two sheets of metal or between sheet and an adjoining member. 21.3 Gaskets Sealant in the form of a pre-formed roll, sheet oF strip applied between apposing faces of flanged or other joints, Gaskets should be not less than 3 mm thick for rectangular ducts up to 1500 mim longer side or circular ducts up to 1250 mm diameter; for larger ducts, the gasket should be not less than 4 mm thick. * 27.4 Chemical reaction tape ‘A wrapping which sets through the interaction of the activatar material and the chemical substances in the tape, thereby sealing the joint, o Flexible connection ts~ spigot 27.5 Weat'shrinkable band and sisip ‘A thermoplastic material, supplied as @ continuous band or in strip form, coated on the inside with an hesive. When heated, the material shrinks toa ‘Gover the joint. The shrinkage is maintained until the material is reheated. 27.6 Self-adhesive tape PVC or otlier plastic self-adhesive tape, with or ‘without fabric or other reinforcement. 27.7 Methods of use ‘The manufacturer's recommendations aad pre- cautions relating t0 use must be strietly complied with, Any Iorm of seatant under compression is more likely to be successful than a sealing method (such as tape) applied over a joint. Therefore, a sealant should, if possible, be applied so as to ensure that the air pressure within the duct system will cause it to be set into a possible source of leakage rather than be blows out of it. 27.1.1 Drying andor curing period Solvent based and chemical reaction types of sealant require a period of between 24 and 72 hhours for drying or euring, depending on condi- tions. The cure should be completed before the duct is pressurised; otherwise rupture of the joint is possible. ‘274.2 Selbadhesive tape The use of seledhesive tape as @ primary scalant is deprecated. Itis in practice extremely dilfcult to achieve the dry, dustfree and grease-free surface necessary for the long-term adhesion of such tapes. There is the further disadvantage that where the air pressure isthe duets is above ambient, the ait pressure is working against the seal.Pari Seven General’~ continued + 28 PROTECTIVE FINISI For ‘all normal purposes, protective finishes shall bee as specified by the designer in accordance with the following. 28.1 Galvanizing after manufacture Galvenizing after manufacture is not recom- mended for general use, as distortion of the duct or Titsing is probable, thus making if difficult to achieve an airtight joint. Galvanizing after manu- facture is, however, an acceptable protective finish for circular pressed fittings Where galvanizing after manufacture is specified, itshall be to BS 729. 28.2 Metal spraying Zine oF aluniinium spraying shall be to BS 2569, Part. 28.3 Paints 28.3.1 Surface application Surface preparation of the metal and paint ‘application shall be in accordance with the paint manufacturer's recommendations. 28.3.2 Making good welding damage Galvanizing or other metallic zine finish damaged by Welding shall be suitably cleaned and painted with one coat of zinc-rich oF aluminium paint. 28.3.3 Ducts galvanized after manufacture preparation and paint 28.3.4 Ducts made from galvanized sheet pail ucts made from convertional sheet or coil (see 7.2.19 do tw! require further protection when located inside a building. When located outside 4 building, one coat of etch primer or one coat of calcium plumbate primer shall be applied: together with a suitable finishing'coar. (But see 283.6.) 28.3.5 Ducts made from other types of mild steet sheet Where circumstances require ducts to be made from mild steel sheet or coil other than the foregoing, the surfuces shall be adequately pro- tected, as provided in Table 29. ‘The provisions set out in the table are generally in line with BSI DD.24~ Methods of protection against corrosion on light steel section used in building. 28.3.6 Supporting members Supporting members made of mild steel shall be protected as provided in Table 30. 28.3.7 Follow-on coats ‘The supply and application“oP thé follow-on coats specified in Tables 29 and 30 together with any additional decorative finishes, are not normally the responsibility of the’ ductwork contractor, A printing coat protect only for a limited period, the follow-on coat or coats should be applied within the time limit specified by the No paint protection is required for ducts gat | pe en eeolees roe paint manufacturer. vanized after manufacture, whether such duets are installed inside or outside a building. ‘Table 29 Protective fi hes for ductwork other than covered by 28.3.4 Pain system Duets constructed —_ ——_| from Exposure Primer | Followon ‘ se | “cons” 7 2 aa 4 ~ doors None None f Steel shéet-—iron a ua Zinc alloy coated Outdoors ine chromate, calcium Two plumbate or red oxide Seal sheet sine indoor Eich pine tne > one electro-plated aliromnate or ealeiam : plambate oS Outdoors Eich primer, zine Two chromate or ealeiuns plumbate yBisek sheet Toors Eich primer, zine On sprayed 2ine or chromate, clcium plumbate { sprayed aluminium on red oxide j Ouideas | Bic pine, de re 1 chromate, calcium plumbate ' or red oxide Black sheet— indoors Zine fc, zine chromate One other than _ or ted oxide metal sprayed ‘Outdoors | Zine ech or tine chromate Two 10‘Table 30. Protective finishes — supporting members, etc. Paint sysem Supporting members __| ‘thd other section Exposure Primer Follow-on coats 7 2 3 7 Sucl_gabaniad Indoors None None mela prayed Outdoors Etch primer or Two ealeium plumbate 1 Steel—not galvanized or Indoors zine ebromate One | metal sprayed ‘Outdoors Two 29 CONNECTIONS TO BUILDER'S WORK 29. Where metal ducts and fan inlets and outlets. connect to builder's work, connections shall be by builtin timber frame of suitable section or built-in companion ring or flange. Where metal ducts pierce fire barriers, timber frames shall never be used. Companion rings or anges shal be fixed by aan adequate number of suitably sized rag bolts or similar fastenings. 29.2 Inallcases the duct end must be finished with a mating flange where fixed to a timber frame. Where there is no timber frame, the duct shall be 3 ACOUSTIC LININGS 0.1 Where a lining to ductwork is required, it should preferably be fitted at works. Before manu- facture, co winnation should be obtained that the dimensions of the duct allow for the thickness of the lining, 30.2 The type of lining, normally glass fibre or mnineral woo! slab and faced to minimise fragmen- tation and ‘fibre-y’, should be approved by the dlesigner for type and thickness. Regard should in ppropriate cases be had to the fire characteristics of the material. 501.3 Duct surfaces must be thoroughly clean and the lining fixed by an approved type of adhesive 31 THERMAL INSULATION 31.1 The provision and application of thermal insulation to ductworkis not normally'the respon- sibility of the ductwork contractor. It should be ‘borne in mind that the application of rigid slab insulation is more difficult if the duct panels have bocen stiffened by cross-breaking or beading. 31.2 Where ductwork.,is required to be pre- insulated, the specification should be agreed with n extended, in the form of a spigot, beyond the flanged connection and into the builder's work: 29.3 Joints between mating flanges and com- panion rings or wooden frames shall be fitted with a sealing gasket (see Section 27). 29.4 Where ducis are connected to outside louvres, the bottom of the duct should be sloped to drain to outside. The inside surfaces of the duct shall be treated as Table 29 for external exposure for a distance equal to the height of the louvre connection, of tothe nearest plantitem. applied over the whole of the area to be lined. In addition, fasteners must be used af 450 mm maxi- mum centres, and not more than 75 mm from joints, corner breaks, etc., with washers or caps to hold the lining. In some circumstances metal mesh nay be called for by the designer as an additional precaution against displacement or break-up of the lining. 30.4 The lining must be applied so as to provide abutment at joints and edges, with continuity of facing miterial. For protection prior to erection, the edges ofthe lining should be sealed or enclosed by a light metal section mechanically fastened to the duct. the designer. 31.3 For detailed. information on the thermal - insulation of ductwork, reference should be made to BS 5422: 1977 ~ Specification for the use of ‘thermal insulating materials; and BS 5970: 1981~ Code of practice for thermal insulation of pipeworkne Rights mAnp APPENDIX A- AIR LEAKAGE FROM DUCTWORK A.i GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS A.1.1 Leakage points in ductwork Air leakage-in installed ductwork occurs almost centirely at the longitudinal seams and the cross. joints, particularly at the comers, and at the inter- section of the seams and cross joints A.A.2 Leakage related to duct area In practice, leakage can be taken as proportional to the surface area of the ductwork, whether rec- tangular or circular, even though there may. be considerable variation in different sections of 2 complete system because of the changing sizes of the ducts and the number and variety of the fittings. The surface area is easly caleulable as part ‘of the design procedure, A.1.3. Pressuce/leakage relationship For a given pressure, the leakage through an orifice of a given area will vary according to its shape. With installed ductwork, the leakage orifices are of differing shapes, o'& value cannot be given to the pressurefleakage selation- ship. However, Swedish tests on a variety of eon- steuctions have shown that for ductwork operating within the range covered in this specification, leakage can be taken as proportional to pressure to the power of 0.65. (This value has been adopted by EUROVENT in preparing their Document 2/2 ~ ‘Ait Leakage in Ductwork - see Appendix L~ and hhas also been adopted in this specification (see “Table 2) and has been applied in Table 31. A2 LEAKAGE LIMITS ~ RELATIONSHIPS ‘A.2.1 Limulls for each pressure class Applying the values given in Table 2 (page 13), the permitted leakage at each of a series of pressures up to the maximum for each classisset out in Table 31, A.22. Graphical preset The pressure/leakage relationships given in Table 31 are expretsed graphically in Fig. 169, A.23 Leakage as a percentage of airflow ‘As air leakage is related to surface area of the ductwork, it-cannot in advance of the detailed B calculations be expressed as a percentage of total airflow, nor will a percentage loss be acceptable as a standard of performance. However, application of the leakage limits to a vasiety of ductwork systems indicates that under operating conditions ir losses will usually be within 6 per cent of total aitflow for the low-pressure class and3 per cent for the medium-pressure class, For the higi-pressure’ class, ai loss is likely to be between 2 an€'0.5 per cent, according to which leakage limit i applied. A.2.4 Special cases ‘The percentages mentioned in A.23 apply to formal ratios of duct area to airflow, but where the ratio is high (e.g, long runs of small duets), it may be necessary for the designer to specify a higher standard of airtightness in order to kee} the actual leakage within an acceptable limit. A.25 Designer's eequired calculations Designers will be concerned withthe fotal loss of air through leakage which must be allowed for the ductwork, and will need to: (a) calculate the pressure class; (b) calculate the surface area and estimate the Mean system pressure difference for the ductwork system (or part of system); (©) calculate the total leakage using the appre- priate rate from Table 31 Alternatively, the designer may: : (@)_ decide on the maximum total leakage that he can accept; calculate the surface aren end estimate the tmean system pressure difference for the ductwork system (or part of system) and from these determine the required pres: sure class, () A.2.6 Leakage of complete system DW/142 deals only with the ductwork. The Jea age characteristics of plant items and accessories ace not within the control of the ductwork cou- * tractor, and therefore any leakage limits and leak- age testing called for under DW/142 shail be understood (o apply only tothe duetwork itself.iF E i Table 31 Air feakage rates ‘ q state Maximum feakage of ducwork 4 iterenit wena | Mtuagee es | . Class C Guassd | , j-_—_? 2 | 3 Z 3 i i a eee a err en f 100 0.54 018 200 0.84 0.28 : 300 110 ox che 400 1.32 044 ) [iw fb is | os . 600 a ose 0.19 700 : ot 021 800 0.69 oax 00 01s 02s 1000 6.80 027 1100 0.29 0.10 1200 0.30 00 1300 on on 1400 0.33 ont { 2300 035 012 100} 0.36 0.2 1 1700 oe ft 1800 0.39 013 \ 1900 0.40 0.14 q [ese 2 — 0.42 on 2100 oF 200 oust 2300 ost 2400 0.6 2500 016 ”Fig. 169 Permitted leakage at various pressures {») LOW & MEDIUM PRESSURE CLASSES - LEAKAGE LIMITS, foo tort ot oH ret at i cH Tere ry ressuce tifterenAPPENDIX B- AIR LEAKAGE TESTING PROCEDURE Bal GENERAL Section 6 (page 13) of this specification deals with the performance requirements of ductwork in respect of air leakage, and Table 31 (Appendix A) tabulates the limits of leakage applicable to each class of ductwork. Appendis B is solely concerned with recommendations forthe testing Procedure. 8.2 Bxtent of duetwork to be tested 1B.2.1 The procedure set out in this section is limited to the ductwork, Terminal connections, aund items suchas aic handling ‘vices, terminal boxes, sound attenuators, heat exchangers, Builder's work construction, are excluded from the tests, B.2.2 The proportion of the ductwork to be tested and the method of selection (where not included in the job specification) should be determined ia collaboration between the designer and the ductwork contractor. Where the miothod is by random selection, the use of polythene sheet or similar insertion blanks be- {oven duct cross joints and duct-mounted com- poneats will assist in avoiding delays in instal lation when tests are being carried out 11.2.3 Toenable the blank o’ve cutout ater the testing is completed, access may be required adjacent to each blank. This procedure used on sither side of a duct-mouated component wi enable the cuiponent to be included in a sub- sequent additional test itspeci 1.2.4 Alternatively, figid removable blanking plates can be used, although this involves ‘ema king joints 2.3 Testing to be completed before insulation, etc, ‘Testing shall be satisfactorily completed before insulation or enclosure of the ductwork and before terminal units (ifany) are fitted. D4 Retesting procesture where necessary B.4.1 The air leakage rate for any section shall not be in excess of the permitted rate for that section, Ifa first test produces leakage in excess of the permitted maximum, the section shall be rescaled and retested until a leakage not greater than the permitted maximum for that seetion is achieved. B.4.2 Hat the time of witnessing the testi is apparent that excessive edditional sealing of seams or joini. ias been done in order to meet the required leekage level, the section of duct ‘work under test shall not be counted as part of the tested cuctwork, except where the whole of the ductwork is required to be tested. B.S Minimam aressto be tested The section of ductwosk to be tested shall have an area large enough to enable the test apparatus to register a measurable leakage. BW.6 Test pressures and leakage rates ‘The maximum permissible leaksge rates for the full cange of pressures are given in Tale 3t. The recommectded test pressuces for the various classes of ductwork are sct but in Table 32, and unless otherwise Specified, the choice of test pressure shall be at the disezetion of the test operator. Table 32 Recommended staximum test pressures (with leakage rates) { T axiom leakage of ductwork Static a Lowpresure | Medinrpressure fesse, | bane |" ene eae 2 — Pa Litres per second per square mice of surface area 20 os | | 409 12 os 800 0.69 1200 630 1300 035 on 2000 LosPart Bight= Appendix continued 3.7 Test apparatus B.7.1 The accuracy of the test apparatus shall bbe wichiae 10 per cent ofthe indicated flow rate, or 04 litres per second, whichever. is the greater; and : = S per cent at the indicated static pressure in the duce under test. B.1.2 The test apparatus shall be inspected by the user before use on site, and shall haye a calibration cenilicate, chart or graph dated not cartier than one year before the test for which it is used. 11.3 A diagram of a suitable test apparatus is givon in Fig. 171. 18 Procedure B.8.1 The section of ductwork to be tested for air leakage shall be sealed, Main ducts should bbe provided with flanged joints to enable blank- ing plates to be fitted, while smal} open ends may be sealed with polythene o inflatable bags, which shoukd be lef in posicion unc final con. nections are made, B.B.2 On low-pressure systems, final grille spigots made'as a second fix operation shall be excluded from the test. The joint shall, whece practicable, be checked by extemal visual 1.8.3 Sulficient time shall be allowed between rection and leakage testing for sealants 0 eure D.8.4 Special care must be exercised in making all jaints which fall outside the scope ‘of the testing procedure, i.e, joints between tested sections of ductwork and between ductwork and other units, B.8.5 Dus notice of tests shall be given, so that arrangements for witnessing,.the tests, if required, can be made. 4 4 BAB Testing sequence ‘The recommended sequence of testing is as follows 18.9.1 Complete Part of the Test Sheet, 2.9.2 Connecttest apparatus to section of duci- work to be tested. 9.9.2 Adjust test apparatus until the static pressure differential isobtained. 7 B.9.4 Check that the measured feakage is with in the permitted rate. (No addition shall be made to the permissible leakage rate for access door, access panels or dampers where these are included in the ductwork.) 18.9.5 Mainjain the test for fieen minutes and check thatthe leakage rate has not ineressed, B.9.6 Reduce pressure in section to-zer0 by switching off the fan; then immediately re-apply test pressure to establish that the air leakage rate s not greater than the previous reading, B.9.7 Record details on Part 2of the Test Sheet and complete, including witnessing B.10 Air foakage tes sheet A specimen of a suitable Test Sheet is given on page Fig. (7 Blanking 7 Tver under est Duet est lesure guage —a| Flow measuring device {ay be located on pie Medastion ideo the fsa) Diagram of typical apparatus for air leakage tests lect valve (not necesury ifvanisbespeed J taned) Etetialy Srvc Ge Trelined gauge Attention is drawn (o HYCA publication DW/i43.~ A Practheat Guide to Ductwork Lenkage Testing ~ witch gives detailed advice on the actual procedure for ductwork leakage testing. 8Specimen of air leakage test sheet “Test No, General Name of job Building reference ... Part 1 Physical details a Section of ductwork to be tested! b Surface area of duct under test © Teststatie pressure a . os > Leakige factor € Maximum permitted cakage (b 4 Part 2+ Test particulars a Duct static pressure reading enim b “Type of flow measuring device Range of measurement of flow measuring device d_ Reading of flow measuring device: ¢ Interpreted air flow leakage rate £ Duration of test (normally 15 minutes) Date of test. Carried out by. Witnessed by un = Width and depth criphe! tea pound or diameter aac Ns metres ailimetres millimetres square metres == | T TOTAL 9APPENDIX C~ IDENTIFICATION OF DUCTWORK Note The information given in this Appendix is for the guidance of mnechanical service contractors, con sulting engineers, etc. The identification of duct- ‘work does not form part of the work carried out by the ductwork pontractor untess called for in the job specification. Cal GENERAL C.L.1 Introduction With the increasing complexity of ventitation and ait conditioning systems, it is becoming more important to ensure ready identification of ducts for the purposes of commissioning, ope‘ation and maintenance of systems, The purpose of these recommendations is to lead towards the use and standardisation of a system of identification for ducts for the benefit of designers, contractors aad clients. C.1.2 Seope C.1,2.1 These recommendations deal with the Identification of dacts for ventilation, air eoadi- tioning and simple industrial exhaust systems. ‘They do not inchude piped gas systems such as are dealt with ia BS 1710, nor with ductwork systems for industiat processes, although the general considerations and intentions could be extended with the agreement of the client to cover such systems. ut. The method is designed to identify the air being conveyed, the direetion of low, the destination of the ait andlor ofthe plant where the air was treated. With small or simpfe plants, itmay not be strictly necessary to provide iden tification because the function is apparent, but itis considered advisable to do s0 because this will increase farailizriy with the labeling system and also because the nature and direc tion of air flow may not always be apparent. C.2 IDENTIFICATION C2 Location To be effective the identification must be placed where it can be easily seen and at positions where {identification will be required. To ensure thatthe symbols are seen, the following points should be considered. C.2.1.4 The symbols should be Gn the surfaces which face the postions of normal access 0 te completed installation, C2.1.2 The symbols should not be hidden £2" View by structural members other ducts, 1} Sor other services distribution systems .3 The symbols should be placed where wre is adequate aaciral or artifical light. 80 .2.2 Identification symbols will be needed mainly in the plant room. Syeibols should occur frequently enough to avoid the need for ducts tobe traced back. Symbols should be placed at any ser- vice aad access points to the distribution system, including points where the distribution system has reduced to a single duet. C23 Colour coding « The choice of colours has been based on the need to provide: C.2.3.1 Strong contrasting colours which are recognisable even though covered with dust. , C.2.3.2 Contrast between the symbol colour and the base colour of the duct, Usually the base colour metallic grey of gatvanized or aluminium sheet or foil sheathing, or the white, pale grey, or buff paint on the insulation isa neutral colour {which the recommended symbol colours out. C24 The cecommended colours are. given in “Table 33. The colour coding indicates the type of air being conveyed. ‘Table 33 Recommended duct identification colours Type t 2 3 Conditioned air Red and | 04 £53 | Bue | WEES: Warm air Yetow | 0 € 53 | Fresh air Green wes f Exhausfearet | feareulated Grey | Ao Fout sir rove | 0639 | ‘Dual duct system— | otsuppy air ne foes! Dial duct sytem — ! colt supply ae sue | E50}€.2.5 For conditioned air, two symbols (one red, of the plant. The plant itself must be clearly one blue) may be used, or 2 single symbol coloured numbered to correspond. Letters for Supply, part red, part blue. Fw, Exact, et should not be added be. €.2.6 Ifa finer grading than that given in Table 33, ee oN ee een is required, as farinstanee ina laboratory with bro symbol. Thus contusion between 'S'for Supply separate contaminated air exhaust systems, eee eerie ce eccee recommended that the type colour be used with, “Table 34 Examples of further Identification say, 2 stripe of a second colour. Where the duct symbols contents constitute a hazard, 2 symbo! as given in - BS 1710 should be added to the type colour. Code {information given C.2.7 Direction of ow C.2.7.1 The form of symbol chosen indicates 9Sw PD 3th Floor, South-West Zone, ircetion, Its an equilateral tiangle (see Fig. Plant Two 172) with one apex pointing inthe direction of aie Now. Where the boundaries ofthe duct are | Come2"2} Computer 2, not visible, two triangles should be arranged in cee Tine ahead to indicate diection of flow. suavse | aed Foo, €.2:7.2 The size of the symbot wil depend on oratory ff the size of the duct and the viewing distance, Pract Poor i ‘The recommended minimum size for normal | 20pTa2P1 | 2nd Floor, | tse is 150 mm length of side. Operating Theatre 2, Mant One 3 Ray 5, North en Fig. 171 Example of duct identification eae | cee symbol a hig : Lent €.2.8.3 Where identification of the space is by room number, this must be agreed with the user who otherwise may have numbered the rooms differently, Some exsinples of further identification ystems are given in Table 34. C.2.8.4 The lettérs and numbers should be’in either blsek or white, whichever gives he better contrast. They should be marked on the colour symbol or imaediately adjacent to it. The size Direction _» ofthe figures will epend on how easily they can of flow beseen, but should not be less than25 mm high. C.2.9 Explanatory chart It is recommended that an explinatory chart should be Kept in the plant room or other con- venient place, The chart should show and explain C.2.8 Further identification C.2.8.1 On small or simple installations where the colour symbols used on the installation and there is one plaat and one or tw0 zones and where appropriate the figure and letter codes used therefore little chance of confusing the ducts, it for further identification, will not be necessary to provide identification ‘other than the colour symbol. On large eamplex instaitations with many zones, widely branched -«C.3 METHOD OF APPLICATION OF distribution systems or several plants, further SYMBOLS identification is necessary. In this connection & plant refers to the ductwork and equipment associated with one particular fan, C.2.8.2 The’ further information to be given will normally be the space served by the duct CA) Several methods are available for applying the symbols, the mia factor being thatthe symbol is permanently afixed. Suitable methods are: C314 Painting, using stencilled letters and and in some cases the associated plant. The _BY*S oe ; information shauld be given as briefly a3 pos ©.3.12 Self-adhesive plastics or transfers with sible using commonly accepted forms such as & water soluble backing, (Itisimportantto ensure umber indicating which floor of a building ‘ia the surface fs smooth and clean and that the The plant identification should always be pre- adhesion will no: deteriorate due to the sur- ceded by the letter ‘P”t0 avoid confusion be- rounding atmosphere.) tween the mumber of the floar and the number ©.3.1.3 Puspose-made plastics or meta! labels. aseat APPENDIX D— TRANSPORT, HANDLING AND STORAGE OF DUCTWORK D.1 Transport Large capacity vehicles such as furniture vans or similar, with high-sided open.or closed top bodies, are the most suitable for the transport of duework, D.2. Lengths of ductwork should preferably be) positioned so as t0 evoid crushing. Lengths with projections, such as branches and bends, Manges, girths, damper quadrants et., should be packe 50 as fo avoid durnoge to adjaccat dict panels. lu some eases, par‘zulerly on contracts calling for repetitive sizes, 2 use nf timber jigs and gp. ers may be justified. D.3 Where reduced bulk and greater protection are major factors, such 35 consignments for expor, transporting éyeowork in L’ shape sec- tions may justify the ias-esseu site assembly costs. Det Handling Sheet metal through careless 0 deformation does aot will detract from apnea to deformation andling. Si D.S To axa’ Vantage, duct sections should be clearly identified, ar ds'veries t site should be elosely flaked 1 ya progiainine, 30 35 to avoid ae: ductwark and double hand 1.6 Storage Adequate floor space storage of ductwork. Si: allowance for ssuch thar access bevw = width {0 penis tie ck witha: ducwwork in stacks published by #2 Brits’. 5 in the Technics! Cha In. (formerly the ‘and Vent lating Engineess). Sw ation telasing £0 Gre and serviess is in CIBS Technical Mera) E.2 The principiss of See ductwork ace E21 Fire dampers ducts pass thsou dampers shout for expansion must provide & au Instittina and gs ace gi led where Lengths of ductwork should preferably be posi- tioned so as to avoid crushing. Ductwork of small panel size may be stored horizontally; however, care should be exercised to ensure that stack sizes are limited to within the structural strength of the duct sections to prevent distortions of the lower sections within the stack All ductwork should be stored s0 as to prevent water collecting, clear of ground water and in com. pounds free frorn site traffic, All storage facilities shall be covered and sd: quately protectec against rain and snow. W. sre tarpaulins are provided as temporary cover, they should be held clear of the duerwork so that air ean circulate, and secured in such a manner as 10 impose no direct load on the ducrwars, Covered storage is important to minimise the formation of the unsightly dejosit known as “white rust’, which is a corrosion product formed on the ine Suxface where itis in cosa with wa Tong period fom rain or condensation, While the protactive properties ofthe zine are aot iunpaired by the presence of supecticial white eu ic is unsightly and this eas the ductwork 9 affected. treated by various propieis. O FIRE E237 fume pert of Juctwse ting and Using propagaFa Genecal Pola For galvanizing after the fabrication of any aiticle itis necessary to appreciate the nature of the process, including the surface preparation of the object to be treated and the precautions to be {aken in design fabrication and handling 1.2. Galvanizing involves dipping the object into a bath of molten zinc (at a temperature of between 445" and 465° C), and itis necessary for the zine 10 cover the whole of the surface leaving 90 ga the zine. 2 Design and fabrication F211 13 well known that fabrication aticles will fuller distortion inthe course of dipping into the tnolten zine bath, due to the introduction of or felief of inherent stress in the stecl sheet or of any sos that may have been built into tke item uring fabrication, or indeed of any stresses intro- duced diring the handling, loading or unloading of the item, ‘The sheet thicknesses specified in DW/id2 for articles to be galvanized after manu- facture are calevlated to take this factor into account. F.2.2 It is essential to have a free ow of 1 molten zinc aver the abject to be galvanized, to- getlier with quick and complete drainage of the grolten mexal, Because of the high temperature © invalved, the object to be galvanized should be as = tigid as possibte, ether by the use of sufficiently 2 heavy sheet or by stiffening or bracing, oF both, F.2.3 Any sealed hollow section must be ade: uately vented in order to Sbviate any possiilt of explosion. Holes in vert rust be provided diagonally opposite ~ bottom of the member 1 other, top anct P24 Vent holes should be of sizes as tole: section drainage (dia, or side) holes Upto2s 8 (never tess) 50 to 100 10 100 0 150 20 Over 150 25 Th i APPENDIX F -GALVANIZING AFTER MANUFACTURE F.25 Stiffeners should desirably have their comers cropped so as to allow a free flow of zine, Stiffeners should be rolled stee! angle, uncoated, 3 Surface preparation before galvanizing F.3:1 The steel surface to be galvanized must be chemically clean before dipping. This is mainly achieved tthe galvanizec’s works by pickling in an acid bath and washing before the article oes into the zine bath. However, the pickling process does rot remove grease, oil or oil-based pains, and such substances siould be removed by the fabricator by the ute of suitable solvents before the object to be (eeated is delivered to the galvanizing works. Any surface rust that develops on the object between the time of teatment by the fabricator and very to the galvanizing works is not important, as thisis cleaned offby the acid pieking process E.4 Handling and storage after galvanizing F.4.1 While a galvanized surface will not Gevelop ‘ust in the ordinary sense as long as ‘he zinceoating is undamaged, zinc is subject to what is known as. ‘white cust," which is an unsightly and damaging Jopasit on the zinc surface. White rusting ean arise fom the stacking of articles when wet, acid vapours, the effect of salt spray, the reaction of ral with flux eesidues, ete. 4.2 Galvanized articles should therefore not be stacked of loaded hey should desirably sported under cover or shippedin dry, well- ventilated conditions, inserting spacers (but not resinous wood) betveen the galvanized articles #.4.3 When stored on site or elsewhere, care should be taken to avoid resting the galvanized les or clinker, 25 ‘these substances will atack the zin F Subsequent fnismng 5.1 Paint finishing subsequent (0 galvanizing is " nes requi zet for additional provec: ¢ for decorative reasons. It should be noted ‘ha: the adhesion of paint coatings to new gal- sanized surfaces is saspect, and either the appii ation of a eatcivm plumbaté based primer direct galvanized surface, or a phosphating treat- ut, is recommend>d, Advice should be sought rom the paint manufacturer. * above is based ea information given in publications available from: ° Galvanizers’ Association, 34 Berkeley Square, Lond (Telephone: 01-499 6635) SWIX 6ATG1 General sinless steel i aot a single speciic it comprises a group of steels with vary- compositio.., but in 0 case less than9 per cent ‘of chromium, I! is the cheornium addicion which P" provides the enhanced cortosion resistance of Hainless steels. 1G-'G.4.2 Modern stainless steels have @ combination SP of good farmability and weldability, and can be Supplied with a variety of surface finishes (see E Ga: below). They have been developed to cover tg wide range of structural uses where high resis: H'fance to corrosion and low maintenance costs are applications for which staioless steels are particularly suited include those where a high integrity inent material is essential; where & high degree of hygiene is required; in the chemical industries where toxic or hazardous materials may j.cbe contained; in nuclear and marine applications c-(c.g., on offshore platforms). Stainless steels also find application in exposed ductwork where their 1p finish can be uses to aesthetic advantage. M'G.2 Grades of stainless steet 2.1 The grades of stainless steel used for duct ‘work applications are amiong those covered by BS The types used fertitic 400 series ties (now G22 Some typical stainless steels and their Richaracteristics are described below. fitaniam (Myformn’) ‘This is a fecvce stainess steel developed as a Stainless steel type lower in price than some others, and with forming characteristics similar 49 tliose of mild steel, ‘Type 409 is non: ahardening by the heat from welding; does not sefequire post-weld reatment;and ean be formed &. Using conventional practices Bilis used in mildly corrosive envitonments,¢.., Gis. Somestic boilers; automotive extoust pars; and Beg €, 4 Wide range of steuctural applications, 2 Type 304 ~ 18% cliromiuin; 9% nickel ustenitie?) 8 per cent chromium and 8 per eeot nickel, although the actual compastion may vary widely from those figures. Itisweldable ad has Be food formabilty with good general corcosion ments, storage tanks, process plants, road tankers, ete G.2.2.3 Type 316—17% chromlum; 11% nicke 2.5% molybdenum (‘Austenitic’) ‘This type has very high corrosion resistance and is weldable, 1 is particufarly useful in aggressive environ- ‘ments such a5 process plants; marine applica’ tions; power generation; etc C3 Availability G.3.1 Stainless steel is supplied ina wide range of thicknesses, from 0.¢ mm for cold-rolled sheet aad coil, and from 0.075 mm for precision rolled strip. It is supplied in slit widths as specified by the ‘customer, up (oa maximum width of 1525 mm, GA Surface finishes GA} Stainless sieet is avaiiable in a wide selec- tion of finishes, varying from fine matt to ri polished, 25 defined in BS 1449: Part2:” = Mil finishes ‘Type2D Cold finished, softened and escaled. A vniform mat finish, Type 2B Cold rolled, softened, descated and ghely worked with polished rolls. A smooth finish brighter than 2D. ‘Type2A Bright annealed. A cold finished reflective appearance retained through annealing Polished finishes Typed — Dull polished, A lustrous uni directional finish produced by fine grinding, generally with abrasives of 150 grit'size. Tt has litle specular reflectivity. Further duit polishing aiter fabrication will diminish the effects on appearanceof welds or sccidencat damage by Blending them into the surrounding metal Mirror polished.-a bright reftective finish with a high degree of image larity Types CA.2 Where oxter Gnishes are required, such as for aesthetie purposes, colour may be applied in the form of paint or lacquer, or the material may be supplied pre-coloued “as by the “INCO process, G.S Surface protection 1No surface protection is required for stain- less steel ductwork used indoors or outdoors, pro~ vided the correct quality is specified. This is be- cause the naturally occurring chromium-rict: oxide film which is present on the surface of the metal, if damaged, reforms immediately by seaction be- tween the steel and the atmospheric or other source of oxygen,G.S.2 Ia mixture of metals is used, such as mild steel supports for stainless steel ductwork, the sur face of the mild stec! must be adequately protected from the galvanic corrosion that might result from the intimate contact between the two types of metal, (The appropriate protective finish in Table 29 (for outdoor applications) should be employed.) 6.6 Construction G.6.1 Sheet thicknesses for stainless stze? duct. work should be the same as for galvanized steel (see Tables 4, 14 and 15). Where any additional gauge allowance is made for corrosion resistance, this should ‘ve based on knowledge of th: “orrosive influences present ir the local environc, G.6.2 The forming of rectangular and circular ducts can be carried out by the use of conventional press working and sheet metal forming machines. Some alteration in working practices may be necessary, however, depending on the type of stainless steel being used nal mile st rule, the 4 ned using no: ie tings. The 300 series, however, because of the higher yield point and the greatsr rate of work hardening, wil require higher warking pressures. 6.6.3 Ductwa: Of the use of sta 7 forming Pittsburgh and bution gunch seams. As regards slide-on fia going, ibis recom before starting on produc G.7 Rectangular ducis stainless steel ce id steel G.8 The cons G9. stiffening Wherever possiiis, ie maria. sic tot suttcaiig should be of vuned for the gassiraci unde eq) Box 16h pote Lan field $9 TR ss Stoel Advisory hone: U2S2 AaCOKayt G.10 Fixings and fastenings ‘The types of fastening and the maximum spacings specified in Table 10 (rectangular) and Table 16 (Circulae) also apply to stainless steel ductwork. Fixings and fastenings should be of the appropriate grade of stainless steel as used in the construction of the ductwork, or should be made equally resis- tant to corrosion in relation zo the environment in which the ductwork is situated. The type of stains less steel fastening used should conform to the appropriate specification (e.g., BS. 1768, 3692; 1S 3506 - Hexagon bolts, set screws and nuts). G.11 Welding All the mod :rn welding processes may t« used to ‘weld stainles: steel, but tungsten inert ges (TIG) and resistance welding are likely to be the most suitable for ligh-gavge materials. Attention is drawn to BS 4872: Patt 1 when welding stainless stecls; and to BS 290! Zor the selection of iler rods and wires, When welding dissimitar metals, e.g., mild steel to siainless steel, the choice of the electcode is very important, as the effzct of dilution of the weld metal by the base metal must be considered. Reference should be made to BS 2901: 2, and to BS 2926 for selection of lecicodes, G2 Fire dampers 1 is ac idea! macerial for wie i: Si « onstruction “f fire dampers, due to its high tance both to heat and coreasion, It is 2 nosi applicable w rosion resistan: oride (PVC) cakdowe of se is polyvi avaided, as fon irforrsation“APPENDIX H — PRE-COATED STEEL HLL Natuce of the material H.L.1 "Pre-coated’ steel is sheet, color strip to which has been applied at the steet mills a coating having 2 decorative or protective function, or both. 1.1.2 The basis metal (0 which the coatings are applied are hot-dip galvanized sheet or coil, uncoated steel or electro-galvanized steel (e.g., Zintee) 1.2 Range of coatings available 1.2.1 A number of ditteent types of coating, in vacious thicknesses, ate available ~ PYC (plastiso and ‘organosol"); paint coatings of several types, silicone enamels, et, 11.2.2. A wide range of colours and surface finish. ed are available, but there ace atinimum quantity requirements far some types of coating, finish and colour. The characteristics ofthe particular type of coating contemplcted for a particular use should be investigated in respect of formability, fastness to light, chemical resistance and other relevant properties 1.2.2 The material can be supplied with one o% both sides treated, 1.3 Sizes available HI. Pre-coated steel is available in fora ~ sheet in widbs fro 610 mm to 1370 avs pied ia fength up to 5486 aim. Coil is supplied in widths from 610 aim up (© 1370 mm, The maxi: ey available width ean vary also according to the steel thickess required. Availability varies secort! ing 10 type of substrate and coating, sa prospy purchasers should query che sizes available for the specific type required, HA Sources of supply $2.1 Pea-coatad steet is sbtainable fox: nue sock-holders or d sh Stes poration, ext from the HLS Ductwork construction from pre-coated steel H.5.1 The type of pre-coated steel most suitable for ductwork should be carefully cansidered, muinly from the point of view of the fabrication properties of the coating type. Its probable that a plastisol coating will be found to be most suitable for ductwork, as this type of coating will withstand an Ot bend at normal ambiedt temperatures. 1 slso tolerates rougher handling duriag forming and ereetion than the much thinner paint coating pes 115.2 Careful consideration should be given wo the constructional methods to.be used for duct- work (0 be made from pre-coated steel. The principle (0 be followed should be to make seams and jolats as unobtrusive as possible. Some Of the conventional methods of seaming may be used, but a number of others are aot su-able. Welding with conventional equipment should not be attempted, Mechanicat fastenings should be chosen with eare having regard to appedrance 3s well as efficiency: and sealant should be applied with these factors in mind, Stiffening shoul be carefully considered in relation to appearance 11.6 Handling, storage, transport and ere: HL6.1 Much mare care than usual is cequired in these respects, as te coatings areal toa greater or fesser degree susceptible to mechanical damage For exaniple, sheet should not be dragged off the top of apile but moved by turning’ off the stack, 1.6.2. Wish sheet pre-coated on one sige only, it nay be found desirable 10 stack tace to face. ex bility of coatings ofthe types used depends on temperature e, aranipelation should be carried out at tures above 16°C (60°F) in order to film cracking on roll forming, etc. If the yas buon stored outside at low tempe period should be atlo undertaken, hiel this appends is based een kindly supplied mainly by the British Steel Corporation. More detailed information may be obtained fr Dritish Steel Corporation, Develo Deeside, Clwyd CHS 28H “Telephone: Chester (0244) 812345 ‘Telex: 61241pesmi Ges esaen APPENDIX }- ALUMINIUM DUCTWORK Jul Suitable grades J.T Ductwork ean be constructed from all the commonly used aluminium alloys, the choice depending on the purpose for which he duets wi} be used and the servi environment, J.L.2 The alloys 1200, 3103 and 5251 (as specified in BS 1470) are easy to form and t0 join, and have excellent resistance 1o atmospheric corrosion, with 5251 being rather more resistant to marine atmospheres, J.1.3 These alloy: ean be supplied in various tempers produced by diferent degroes af cold ce ing, +0 that a range of strengths is available. In ‘choosing a temper, itis necessary to consider aay forming shat will be done, as with the harder tempers the forming of tight bends might cause cracking. Where high steength is required, alloy 6082-TF sheet can be used. Jad Aluminiuen strip is also available in the form of pre-painted coil 4.2 Consteuetion S24. The general constructional requirements for aluminium ductwork afe set out in Section 29, 5.2.2 Where possible, aluminium bolts and rivets should be used, Stainless steel fasteners are also suitable, as are gaivanized steel bolts as long.as the zinc coating remaiis intact, Joints liable to entea moisture should be coated with a primer before assembly chroma by the House, Calth APPENDIX K - EUROVENT Kt Generat Reference is made in Section 6 and Appendix A herein to EUROVENT and some explanation af the function, composition, objectives and member ship of that bouly is dserefare nee K.2 Merabership EUROVED is an onnaibus word standing for the European Committee of the Construction of Air Handling Equipment. Ut as formed in 195%, acid in 1977 its constituent members were the relevant national associations in Austria, Belgium, Benowek, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Swiceertand and the Uaited Kingda is appendiv is based on n lunsinium Fede 4.2.3 All the aiuminium alloys ean be welded by MIG oF TIG methods, with argon as the shielding. 9s. Helium or a mixture of helium and argon can be used, but not ,. Alicys ia 8 work-hardened temper are reduced to the annealed condition in the heat affected zone; 6082-TF is reduced epprox- imately from the TF to the TB temper. Alloys 1200 and 3103 are easy to braze, as is 6082, but Ibe latter needs to be re-heat treated to regain its strength, JA Protective finishes J. In moist atmospheres, particularly if they are contaminated by industrial effluent o¢ by salt from the sea, sucfaces not exposed (0 washing by rain will become roughened and covered wvitit a layer of white corrosion product. However, this hnas the effect af sealing the surface against furthes attack, and the mechanical properties of any but the thinnest of materials will be only slightly affected. I-32 I the surface reeds to be proteered, any of he normal organic finishes can be used, ieluding the laminated PVC films, although paints wich heavy metal pigments are not suitable. The use of Prespainted strip in coi! form provides a reliable Quality'finish and oft an excellent finish would have to be wauld therefore not sexily ial kindly supptizg fon Lid., Becads y K.5 Objectives gixjestives of BLY clap technical eaters Hi operation of ait haritiig eqsip professional stztas of ts members and so f sven ils member owed quatity: and the ves aud coves Of pra xl econoanie spheres adoption of rules, ¢ in the technical a inember countries Kod OK eepresentation OVEN iy restricted to ane ay fax?facture of equipment, the UK representative is the HEVAC Association, As-regards ductwork, the Duet Work Group of HVCA during 1975 formally affiliated to the HEVAC Association, thus giving the Group a direct voice in EUROVENT ductwork Projects K.5 EUROVENT publications~ EUROVENT has published a number of docu- ments in the air handling field, and these include Dacument2/3 covering the standardisation of duct sizes, Document 2/2 covers the procedure for cest- ing for air leakage in ductwork, and provides for two levels of permissible air leakage for low- pressure air distribution systems. K.6 EUROVENT Document 2/3 ~ stundatd sizes of ducts ‘This gives a range of standard sizes for both rectan- gular and circular ducts, As regards rectangular ducts, the Duet Work Group has adopted the EUROVENT recommenda- tions see Table 3 on page 13 ofthis specification As cegards circular ducts, most of the spirally- ‘wound circular ducts in the UK are made on form- ing heads based on Imperial measurements, It is ‘now common practice for these Imperial sizes 10 be quoted in metric waits, but the conversion is a ‘soft’ one, and thus in the larger diometers there is. a significant discrepsacy between the nominal quoted dimensions and tbe actual ones, For this reason, the nominal diameters of the circular ducts hhave been given separafely in Table 13. K.7 Possible ISO standard for duet sizes In 1974 EUROVENT proposed to the International Standards Organisation (ISO) that she standard sizes specified in Docurnent 2/3 be converted into an International Standard, ‘The I$0, asin duty bound, referred the proposal 10 the various national standardising bodies ~ in che ease of the UK the British Standards Institution, At the time of preparing this ductwork specifi cation, a representative commixee of the SI (including representatives of th: HEVAC Associ- tion and of the Duet Work Group of HVCA) was considering the matter. KS Airleakage ‘The basis on which air leakage is calculated in EUROVENT Document 2/2 has been adopted ia DW/142, withthe exception shac the feakage limits in Document 2/2 refate tothe pressure classes A, B and C (see Section 6 of DW/142), while DW/42 includes a limit for Class 1D ~ high-pressure duct- work up 102500 Pa Information about EUROVENT may be obtained (om the, HEVAC Associaton, Unit 3, Phoenix Hovre, Phoenix Way, Heston, Musée. TWSOND (Telepone: 018572848) APPENDIX L - SUMMARY OF BS 2989: 1975 Note ~The extracts from BS 2989: 1982 have been prepared by the HYCA and are included here by courtesy of the British Standards Institution, Ll GENERAL (11 The BS 2989: 1975 (‘Hot-dip zinc conted steel sheet and coil’) summarised in D\V/141 thas been superseded by the 1982 edition, which is entitled ‘Continuously he:dip zine coated and iron-zine alloy coated steel: wide strip, sheet/plate and slit wide strip’ L.1.2 Compacison of the following with Appendix D of DW/141 will show changes in pe references. L.1.3 As before, the new British Standard sets out requirements for the conventional gal. vanized sheet and coil (and now also strip) and for iron-zine coated steel, (atl these are in. cluded in DW/142 see Section 7.) The type of steel normally used for ductwork is 22. G.275 (under the previous British Standard designated as Z2, coating type C). L.2 STEEL GRADES L.2.1 BS 2989: 1982 lists the grades ofsteel set out in the next column, aniong others’ Grade Name {grade Appication Zi Commercial —_Foreaing quality stect quality suitable for simp bending and forining ‘operations 22 Bendingand Forming quality tect profiling quality suitable for the manufacture of most profilesand more difficult bending operations 23 Drawing quality Forming quality tes! suitable for simple drawing operations and for more difficult profil operations Z4 Special drawing Forming quatty steel quality suitable for deep Srawingand dificult forming operations ZS Special drawing Forming quality tee! quality, aon- suitable lor deep ageing drawing and difficult, forming operat wherea non-ageing steel is cequired1.3 COATING TYPES L.3.1 The types of zine costing are set out in ‘Table 9 of BS 2989: 1982 (reproduced atthe foot of this page). L.d SURFACE FINISHES Lid.t BS 2989 inctades a description of the various types of finish available Normal spangle (N). A. tine coating finish, having a metallic lustre, that is the result of unrestricted growth of the zine erystals during normai sotiitication. NOTE. Normal spangle is the type normally supplied for a wide vatiety of applications. Minimized spangle (M) A zine coating finish, normally supplied with zinc coatings in the range ‘GLO to G350, that is obtained by restricting the normal zine crystal formation. Regular finish {2}. The norma) ison-tine alloy coating finish; itis grey matt in appearance and shows no spangle, Smooth finish (S). A finish suitable for decorative: painting that is available for zine coatings up 10 G3S0 and ison-zine. alloy coatings. Extra smooth finish (XS). A coating finish, produced by rolling processes after coating and available for zine coatings up to G275 and for icon-rine allo s, suitable for applications where a high gloss painted finish iscequiced Table 9 (of BS 2989) Coating mass (weight) 1 [ sinimum coming ease (Gacuding bath Single am | a Zine coatings (G) spotiest LS SURFACE PROTECTION L.5.1 AU types of coating normally receive 2 Surface protection at the producers plan, “This may consist of chemical passivation; o oiling; oF chemical passivation and oiling. The purchaser should state on bis order the treatment required. L.4.2 Chemical passivation and/or oiling protects the surface against humidity and reduces the risk of formation of wet storage stains (so-called ‘white rust’). However, the protection afforded is limited. tthe purchaser specifies non-protecied products, the manu. facturer is not responsible for the formation of any storage stains, (Chemical passivation may cause stight discoloration of the surface that is not detrimental te the general performance of the product.) L.6 FORMING L.6.1 ‘The British Standard says that provided: thatthe profiling machine is set io avoid exces- sive stcetching in the product, it is postible 10 form lock seams successfully wit Z2 sheet up to a thickness of L.5 tam and Z3 sheet up to 2mm; and snap lock seams with 22 up to 0.4mm thick sheet and Z3 sheet up to 2mm. .T WELDING Care. show! methods and procédures. The iron is more suitable for resistanc conventional zine coating, G00 oo; 8s 6200 300 | 170 G25 | 2s 235 ‘6350 | 380 | 300 . . Gao 450 | 95. | Herd fo ong ie sate 19 {G00 so | si | standard and Sight esatings. Teon-tine alloy contin | ] — ¥z180 10 | 150 for easy painting and particularly Note 1. ‘normally be expected th; resistance welding, The mass of zinc is not always evenly divided between the two surfaces ofthe sheet, However, it can not less than 40% of the specified minimum coating mass, as determined by the single spot test, will be found on each surface, Note 2.The suggested applications i forward by the B sl Steel Corporation. ded in the right-hand column of the above table are those put 89APPENDIX M —‘DESIGN NOTES FOR DUCTWORK’ (CIBS Technical Memorandurn No. 8) ML This manual brings together information on the design of ductwork systems, M.2 The contents have been drawn from the cus- tent relevant sections of the CIBS Guide and other recognised references, and include additional ‘material on good design practice. The Notes make frequent reference to DW/142, and an effort has bbeen made to ensure consistency between che (wo publications. The Design Notes include chapters en: Presiure loss in duets, including corrections for duct suctace type, ait pressure, air density, tem perature and altitude, and ‘loss factors for fitings. Equivalent diemecers of rectangular and flat oval ducts Standard dimensions of circular, rectangular and flat oval ducts These notes have been contributed by the Chartered Institution of Biilding Services, Delta APPENDIX N - BIBLIOGRAPHY Included ie this Biblioprphy are tecnica! pobietiane which tay be of interest to doctwork designers, [bricaloy and ete {orm and to thote in the heuing, vesting, aie condoning industries generally, Enquiries shouldbe nade of he relevant nginisation, a ve adeess quoted MEATING AND VENTILATING CONTRACTORS’ ASSOCIATION 34 Palace Court, London W2 4SG Telephone: 01. 229 2488; Telex: 27929. Orders ro HVCA Pub- lications, Old Mansion House, Eamont Bridge, Penrith. Cumbria CAI 28X (Telephone: 0763 64774 Telex: 64326) Dactwork WILD —Spesieation foe sheet metal ducwosk (low ‘median and high presure (182) DWIAD A practi! gute to ductnork leakage (etn Gay al Othe technical publications THIS Welding of carbon stet pipework (190) = The Grey Deak” TR Beating and bconte welding of copper pipework nd sheet (1918) ~The Copper 600%” TRIE Guide to Good Preece fr Ste Pressure Testing ot Pipewar (198), CHARTERED INSTITUTION OF BUILDING SERVICES Delta House, 222 Balham High Road; London SW12 9BS (Telephone: 01-675 $211) cus Guide Volumea Design Dau Volume 8 tnsalaion and Equipment Data VolumeC Refereace Data Cormtsioning Coos “These Codes cover the prelninary chee, ting to work and fegulaton af yarious categorie Af ple’ The Caves give 3 uid devia anpiations. Duet sizing methods, inchuding velocity, equal- friction and static regain methods, and pressure {oss calculations, with an examplecaiculation, Heat loss from and gaia (0 air in the duct; con- densation, noise control and fice. Commissioning and testing Overseas work. Drawing symbols in current ws. M.3 The flow of heavily contaminated airin ducts 's not covered in derail in the Notes; nor are the constructional aspects of ductwork, which are dealt with in DW/142, Ma The Notes are completed by references, a bibliography of over thirty titles and appendices covering properties of air, ductwork support loads, velocity pressure for air low aad conversion to SLunits House, 222 Balham High Road, Londaa SWi2 BS (Telephone: 01-675 5211) Series A Ale Distriboyln Systems Series Boiler Plant, SerieyC Automate Conwol Systems Serie R— Retrigerating Systems Seles W Water Distribution Systems “Technical Memoranda No.1 Retommeldations relating she design of si hancling ystems to. and Sooke contol 19 Duiiaings No.2 Notes oa legislvion clang vo fire aod services inbuinings No.3 Notes on legittition rlaing vo the Health and Salty at Work ete. Act, 1974 No. 4 Design Notes forthe Middle East No § ——‘Thecaleulation and use of wisation facocs No, & Lighting for Visual Display Units No.7 Recommendations on the wee of un sable calculators No.8 Design Notes for Ductwork No 9 Notes on NomStatwiory Codes and Standands, {elating to Fite and Services in Buildings BUILDING SERVICES RESEARCH INFORMATION ASSOCIATION Old Bracknell Lane West, Bracknell, Berk: RGI2 4AH (Telephone: Brackaelt (0344) 26: Telex: 848288 BSRIAC G) Aplin Galdes AGAMA Devigning Variable Volume Syste Air Movement MEVAC ASSOCIATION Unit3, Phoenix House, Phoenix Way, Heston, Middx. TWS9ND (Telephone: (01-897 2848) Fan Appleton Gude (Second Editon 1982) Guide to aie Diese Guide o Cena Station Air Hanatiog Units Gide to Elinination of Noise in Fan Sytem AND, Ie KoseBUROVENT yabtitlons enquiies tothe HEVAC Auocation) MW,” Fanterminclony mn Vocabulacy clave to ait distibution and air éifasion 2m. Ai leakage rate in sheet metal ic distribution stems 2 Sheet meal ae ducte-standatd for dimensions AGATS Manual for Regatating Alt Conditioning {ostallations GAM — Dosumeats for Air System Regulation AG.2NS— Room Aic Movement with Cellng Mounted Dilfusers = Influence of Cold Windews Laboratory Reports LRGs Air Movementia Rooms with Side-wall Mounted Gries LRT Air Movement in Rooms with Sil:Movnted Grilles = Design Proseduce LIS Ale Flow Generater Nofee: Pact I: Grilles ond Dampers LIL76 Air Flow Generated Noise: Part 2: Bends with “Turing Vanes LILT9 The Bffectof Ceiling Beam and Light Fiings on ‘Ventilating Jets LNLSO——_Aie Movement in Rooms with Clling Mounted Dittasers LILA Ale Movement in Rooms with Low Aig Supply Rates DRUTISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION Sales Department, 101 Pentonville Road, London NI OND (Telephone: 01-837 8801) DDS: Recommendation for mete pate and ther hoc tnd weg contr Silos fr metalic mates DO2ASTS Recommendations for methods af protec tion against corosion om ight Seti steel sed in building DS.B1C:1961 —Colous fof ready mined paints) for specie purposes CPAIIVT Duct for building services a5 tHe Fire tests on building materia structures Pat 11953 (Superseded by Pers) Pen24955 (Withdraw) Part :t975 Enteral fie exposure oot est Pari:t510 —Non-combustiblity test for materials Part 5:1968 ——Ignitability tet For materials set 6:1968 Fire propagation test for materiats Par 71971 Suracespread of Mamesessformaternke Pat81972 Test methods and etter for the fire cexitance of building construction BSTIW:1971 Hot dip galvanized castings for ion and eel tices Ds tae Stee plate, sheet and srp Pout 1972 Carbon tet plate, sheet and stein RS 1270:1972 Wrought slusiaive snl aluinivns alloys for general engineering purpores~ plate, sheet and tip \Weought aluminium and amin stoys— bats tuber and sections Sprayed metal coatings Provecsionofion and steetbyslominivm Sand tne against atmospheric corrosion Protection of icon and steel 2esinat cortosion and oxdation a elevated Temperatures Continuous ho-sip tive coated 30d iron tine alloy coated see! Bs uercion2 ws 2569: Part tt964 Pant 2965 ‘bs 2989:1982 9, 1B53520:1962 Glossary of (erms ‘eating 10 thermal BSAI7EI972 —_Seltapping stews and meallic dive ens BS 4342:1968_Glossie of terms used in mechanised aad handsheet metalwork and metal boxmaking BS 480-1972, Palereplours for building purposes Bs ab Hot olledstectral tel section® Part:1972 Equal and unequal anges 855422:1977 Specification for the use of thermal Folo- ing materiale 5 5720.1979 Code of practice for mechanical ventilating and airconditioning in buildings BSS9TOI9L_ Code of practice for thermal insti of Pinewore SHEET METAL AND AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS’ NATIONAL ASSOCIA- TION INC. (SMACNA) 8224 Old Courthouse Road, Tyson's Comer, Vienna, Virginia 22180, U.S.A. (Telephone: 103- 790 9890) ‘Architectural sheet tat manus (1929) ‘Aciteturl sheet etal specication (1980) Uslancng and adjustment of sc itibution (1967) Contractor's Handbook fr Ait Plltion Contol Duet liner appiiation standards (1975) = Fibous glass duct construction standacds (1979) Fire Dansper and Heat Stop Guide (1981) Flexible Duct Performance and instalation Stars (1981) Guidlises for energy conservation in existing buildings (1974) Guidelines for energy conservation systems in new builing (995), Guidelines for Welding Sheet Metal (1977) Highepressuce duct consteoction standards (1975) HVAC Dyet Design Manvst (1961) « Indusil ventiation ~ manwat for recommended precties 980) Low-velocty duct construction standaeds (1976) Rectangular Industrial Duet Consruction Standard (1980) Round Induscint Duct Cons:rvetion Standard (1977) “Tesi, balancing and adjusting of environmental ster: (3) ‘Thermoplastic duet (PVC) coastretion manual came) DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT (Property Services Agency HLM. Staticnery Olfice, 49 [igh Holborn, London WCLY GHB (Telephone: 01-928 1921)and branches M&ENo 1197 MeENo 21968 Elecvca staliatonsin buildings Electrica distibution systems external to bulge esting. bot and colé water, steam and stinaallation for budngs MaEN03IST7 MA&ENo.41910 Centeal healing ad bot and cold water installations for dwellings Electrical isatations ia dwellings of texdional construction Mechanical ventilation for buidings M&EN0.S 1969 MaENo6 1971 ‘TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS (MI&E) MAINTENANCE 4 Maintenance f Diesel Engines (1970) ' Planned Maintenance and Operation of Mechanica and Elcrcal Services (1988) Inspection and Testing. of Electrical Wining Intllatons and Power Consum= ing Apoarates (1968)APPENDIX P CONVERSION TABLES Sheet thicknesses : Equivalents reproduced by courtesy of the Metreation Boaril 2.5 mm is 4 standaed thickness for hotroled heer only Galvanized stech ¢ ‘luni , Standard Birmingham | Standard Standard tbickoess Gauge } thickness Wire Gauye ies [a BE | inch? i, Seg [inch i, onT [05 76 [ive } 16018 0236 06 uM Os f 4 & os | x 07 yt uo fw, 4 os 2 | on | 4 . j 08 j r . 2 | 0s 4 10 w | om t 3 4 12 : ¥ 20 | 036 | ows ft : ‘ 050 | 16 te | 065 f | ow ft on7 | 20 | coms i | po ou | 28 2 | cor f u | eo | bead : no [tos E 5 mm is standacd thickness for gsvenaed ao | sheet only 40 138, I i ' eee nen Some miscellaneous conversion factors To convert Muliply by To convert Ntultiply by. Length Inches to millimetres 2540 Millimetres to inches, 0.03937 Feet to metres 03048 Metces 10 feet 328 ; Area i Square inches to square millimetres 645.2 Square millimetres to squace iiches 0.00155 : Squere feet to square metres 0.0929 ‘Square metees to square feet 10.764 i Volume Cabie feet to cubie metres 002832 Cubie metces to cubic feet 35315 Cubie feet to litres 2831 Litres to cubic feet 0.0353, | Gallons (UK) to litres 4 $46 Litees to gallons (UK) 0.22 Mass = ‘Ounces to grams 28.35 Grams to ounces Pounds to kilograms 0.4336 Kilogram to pounds ‘Tons to tonnes 5 1016 Tonnes to tons ‘Volume flow Cubic feet per minute to cubic Cubic metres per second to cubic ‘meties per second 0.000672 el pet miaute 29 Cubie feet per minute co litres Litres per second to cubic feet per second 0.419” per minute aug Motion ; Feet per minute 1o metres per second 0.00508 Metres per second to fect per minute 197 Pressure : Inches water gauge to anilibars 2a9t Inches water gauge to pascals (Pa) dap 1 Pa = | Newton per square metre ~ 10- millibarsLength conversions Steet (black and galvanised) Metric Equivalent. mm ftfin i 2000 x 1000 Cet x 3% 2500 x 1250 Be" x a 1H 3000 x 1350, |S I0W" x 4 St" 3000 x 1500" 910" x 11M * Nor readily ovallable Aluminiue : (Commerc pean soy) | Metre Equatent | mm fin 2000 x 1000 A oY x 2500 x 1280 aa x ee yi x 1250" | a 3h x ae “Not avaiable in all gouges or all puis and alloys kg 391 Yee it it ‘i tae zat ul "Baa gated The figure in the central columa ean be read as either the metric or the British measure. For example, | millimetre = 0.03937 inch; or Vinch = 25.4 millimetres. pane nee ares my ie ea * Pains t i 40 + ag 350 t i 7938 k bo pms f hia 4 4 no y i F390 i i 15876 i : 6 Ineo i : : i Q 3 i ‘ we : i 093937 i 2 oo774 i 3 Onisit f i 4 osi48 i 5 osets | i é 023672 q 7 027559 | I & 031456 § i 9 0.35433 + | 10 039370 & i i" 043307 i 2 047244 | i 8 ostisi i i O51 i 5 0.59085 } 16 0.62952 7 0.66929 } i 0.70866 : » 04803, | 20 078740 t 5 098025 i 0 118110 35, (79s 0 137480 | ‘6 716s | 50 196850 | 5s 216535 i 0 236220 i 65 755905 : %0 273550 ; 15 295275 ; 80 a1ageo i 85 334645, ! 30 3154330 i 95 374013 i 100 39370 i 150 35055 i 200 iso ' 250 98025 i 300 UB110 } 350 137795 40 157460 t 430 177165 t _ 500 19.685 @ Be ‘00 21559 100 31496 m0 35.433 1000 39.370 8ore g icra Melgledr-t) Freee cra Pa RU Ce Mes Senoateca Uncut See Ce ge Peay Cay Pe eau arly Pe Ee eC ALB ey Tela elt Extended Surface Pence ele eal iis cre‘As worldwide Indoor Air Quality specifications become more demanding, gas phase adsorption is quickly becoming a major factor in commercial and industrial ar filtration systems. The DuraPURE is an excellent high performance solution in applications such as airports, industrial facilities, chemical plants, office buildings, and a wide variety of other air filtration systems. The Koch Filter Corporation DuraPURE is an extended surface carbon filter which utilizes premium grade granular 60% activated carbon, DuraPURE’s unique V-shaped frame holds up to 26 pounds of activated carbon in a single 24x24x12 filter, which insures maximum VOC and odor removal in arly commercial or industrial application. ‘Two Capacity Levels and Three Standard Sizes ‘To meet the tough requirements of today’s complex air filtration systems, DuraPURE is available in three standard sizes, and two media capacity levels, Standard Capacity and High Capacity. Speciatized Carbon Media DuraPURE is also available with specialized impregnated carbon media for removal of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and other difficult-to-remove compounds. Consult your Koch Filter Corporation representative to find the appropriate DuraPURE model for your system. With two capacity levels, three standard sizes, and specially-impregnated carbons available, the DuraPURE can be used effectively in a wide variety of applications. DuraPURE removes toxic = compounds, such as aviation fuel emissions, and other airborne gases common to airport environments, DuraPURE is useful in protecting DuraPURE provides effective contol of people and processes from a wide undesirable odors and compounds such range of gaseous emissions in source- 15 fumes from parking garages. capture or ventilation applications uraPURE is an excellent choice for removal of food odors, and other harmful gases commonly found in urban settings.Premium grade 60% activated carbon Hoisture resistant honeycomb carbon c2lso provides maximum adsorption of VOC's and odors (other efficiency contaminant removal, with rela specially impregnated medias are also available) resistance to airflow. Rugged components make the Dura?URE extremely rigid and easy to install. Single or double header available, Specialized sealant eliminates air bypass and secures the individual carbon cells within the frame, DuraPURE filters may also be furnished with an optional DustNet* a cube-style afterfilter constructed with 190% polyester synthetic filter tia. The DustNet™ provides enhanced efficiency and prevents carbon dusting downstream. When ordered, DustNet™ is shipped ‘pre-installed on the DuraPURE filters. ‘DuraPURE Dimensions* N To —s i we oz Metric Conversion Table LLL Loinches 2.54 | 1FPM .005/m second iceMuraPURE Nominal size Actual Size Initial Pressure Carbon Weight total Weight adel No. (WD) (v0) ‘Drop (in. w.g.) Per Filter (ibs.) Per Filter (We) DDuraPURE Standard Capacity Drees oxtenre Dyees yas 3s 6 a Dpccouz-SC___2o2anre 193/823 ecw ye 15 30 pr.242-8¢ W2s2ext2 113/823 feet 3 26 ‘DuraPURE High Capacity Docceue-He ore 233/23 ee Te % a Dpcpse-HC_2Owzan2 193/823 3/811 7 2 ra PE2U2-HE aan 31 3/23 3/act0 1/2 12 2 ‘additional DuraPURE Information Solvent capacity oF Standard Capacity OuraPURE: bs. Solvent capacity of High Capacity DraPURE: 8 bs. Carbon Activity Rating: Minimum 60% on carbon tetrachloride (Cl) at 25° Acetic acid Pentachloroethane ‘oymnene Heprene - Ally acetate Phenol” Dibutylamine Isoamyl acetate Benzyl acetate Styrene > Diethyl ketone Isobutyl propinate Butyl acetate Thiophenol + Bodecane Lynaly acetate Butyl ethyl ether Tichlorothare. Ethyl acetate Methyl acetylsalicyate Buryrieadd—* ‘Tamethylpentane Ethyl methyl ketone ethyl cyelohexanal Carbon tetrachloride Methylsalycitate Ethylbenzene ‘ett propyl ketone Chloroform itroanisole Ethylene glycol Cyclohexanone Chlorophenal Yalerc acid Wicrogen dioxideetooppb Decane Furan Xylene id Dichloroethane Hexane Acetone Dimethyl disulfide Isoamyl alcohol Benzaledehyde Propionic acid Ethanol Isopropyl alcohol Bevene Tetiachloroethane Ethynt lactate Linaly! format Butyl alcohol Toluene Ethynl oxalate Methyl benzoate Butyl mezeaptan, Tiichloroethylene Ethylcyelohexane Methyl oxyethanol Camphor Tettylherane Ethylene alyeol diethylether Cyelohexane ‘Chlozobenzene Mineral Spirits Nonane Cyclohesythenzene Chloroctane Witroethane Octene Decene Cineote Vinyl Pyridine Pentyl ether Dichlorotoluene Feptane Acylic acid Pyridine Dimethyl disultide Indene Benzonitrile Tetrachloroethylene Exhoxyethanol Tsoamyl butte Bromaform ‘ributylamine Ethyl benzoate Butylbenzene Tridecane Exhy! sulfide Butyl sulfide Methyl pentanone (MIBK) Ethene dichloride Meth Butanol Carbon disulfide opie Formic acid Dethy! ethyl ketone (MEK) ——_2-Chloroethanol Undecane Octane Cyciohexanot Chlorotoiuene Vinyl toluene Cresol Koch FilterCorporation Filtration Products Crafted with Pride Post Ofce Box 186 Koch Filter Corporation maintains plcy of 625 West Hil Street (60208) continuous prodiact research and imoroveert. and Louis, 201 ‘etnins the night to change pdx specfcatins Prone: 502.634.0796 ond design without notice. fas: 902.637.2280 Emait: von kochfitercom ‘997 AUER cRPORATONKoch Filter Corporation Filtration Products Crafted with Pride Bulletin No. PB-1201 OdorKleen 250” High ae MERV 8 Carbon/Particulate Filter Wh - New Design-Superior Performance (Odorkieen 250 offers superior prfermance in gas and odor adsorption, as well as excellent particulate filtration. This “combination” product 8 Conan 250g of xb protic attached to ih ey cotton ~ polyester media. The Gas-Phase Filtration Media layer is based on the Celbond Particulate Structures (CPS) technology, which suspends activated carbon in @ uniform distribution throughout a tightly bonded three dimensional network of bicompanent fibers. Une mary competitor” produc, = “SS, i the toad between the fiber and — = the carbon in the Odorkleen 250 only uses approximately 1% of the carbons surface area This Ib» maximizes the exposure ofthe gas contaminant to the carbon. : eee eererre O5E WORHORO oo ae particulate contaminants is made Features ~~ up of a cotton ~ polyester blend that is attached to the carbon + Uses Celbond Particulate Structures media. The combination of the two distinct medias give the filter an (CPS*) Technology efficiency rating of MER 8, wile maintaining a tos aessure drop + MERV 8 ~ Great particulate efficiency unlike campetitors’ products. + More odor catching surface area with The Odorkteen 250 offers many can be used in several types tess weight of apnication: + Chemica Stra Rooms *Hospitals + Laboratories Airports +s: Arenas + Low pressure drop 5 Lounges Bars + Virtually no dusting ‘Museums ané archives sIndustial Facities “Cs + Phacmac “Commercial Office Buigings Comporate offices Poy 1g # 825 West Mil Sa anEO8) « S920 + 500.636.4796 + fou SOE.}22289 + mal intykgdtte com ease arrestee Local Sales Offces/ Distribution Centers * Chavotte * Gnciat! * Demy osc « Ylanapals + KansasSize (Nominal) Size (Actual) sexaixe Wex2vaxre onan Bax went e roxas Wa Wrax the 151202 Max iaxth 18lox 12x 16260 sslaxdax Pe 162512 1Slaxaiax te ezine ax vent 2ox20%2 Biex wits zor2hn lax 2siax rend sax 2a tie Bindi hex shat 2512542 zohan aay Be ed 162004 rex wie rem ax aviaxPn oto ian wian otis ian hax oy hax Wa Hote Bhex axa Efficiency by Particle Size 1x 2340336 670/3320/1400 | eh Slax 20ax3 900/1800/3875 Bulletin No. PB-1201 opacity (7H) nat Resistance (a WG). Gruss Mada rea 300/500/625 FFM 300/500/625 FP (ar) 600/1000/1250 20) 42.61 a6 590/980/1220 20) 42/61 856 30/20/1825 20) 42.61 __10.70 630/1080/1310| 905 s70/s120/1400 20) 2. 957 200/1340/1670 2 2.64 naa 40/1600/1750 20) 42.6. 1196 {—_900/1500/ 3885 20) 42/61 eugysaoo/2t7so 20/2/84 s040/:740/2370 1200/2000/2500 20) 42.61 ssi0j7t70/2720 20) 42).81 1888, 600/1000/1250 ‘40/1400/375 15/33/48 840/1400/1750 35/33/59 13000)/1670/2090 15/ 33/-9 a8 13050/:750/2170 25/3318 2383 ‘200/2000/2500 5/33/49 "7196 Slurry Flat Sheet Test~8Oppm Toluene tien (8) aaiaough “at Partie Sie (icons) Corporate Offices 20) Boe 2186 + 675 Mest Hl Str (0208) + Lov, XY LODE » SUE 6795» Fae: 592.537.260 + Ema nfo@hochite com wan Local Sales Offices/ Distribution Centers Louisile + Charlotte + Gincinnats + Denver + Houston Indianapolis» Kans9s City + Nashville « St. .0uis unt Res