CHNG 1:

GII THIU MON HC

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

NOI DUNG:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.

Thong ke la g
oi tng nghien cu cua Thong ke
Nhng khai niem dung trong Thong ke
Cac loai thang o
Qua trnh nghien cu Thong ke

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

I. THNG K L G?
Thong ke hoc la he thong cac phng phap
dung e thu thap, x ly va phan tch cac con
so (mat lng) cua nhng hien tng so ln e
tm hieu ban chat va tnh quy luat von co cua
chung (mat chat) trong ieu kien thi gian va
khong gian cu the.

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

II. I TNG NGHIN CU CA

THNG K HC
Thong ke chia thanh 2 lnh vc :
- Thong ke mo ta
- Thong ke suy dien

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2.1. Thng k m t
Thu thp d liu
Trnh by d liu

VD: iu tra

VD: Bng d liu, th

c trng ca d liu VD: Trung bnh x n

i

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Bi 1

2.2. Thng k suy din

c lng
(Suy rng kt qu
qua iu tra chn
mu)

Kim nh gi
thit
GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn
Bi 1

III. NHNG KHI NIM THNG

DNG TRONG THNG K HC:
1. Tng th thng k v n v tng
th
Tng th thng k la tp hp nhng
n vi, nhng phn t ca bit kt hp
vi nhau trn c s mt s ac im
chung.

Tng n vi, hin tng c bit nh vy

c gi l n vi tng th.

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

III. NHNG KHI NIM THNG

DNG TRONG THNG K HC:
Phn loai tng th: Cn c vo s nhn
bit cc n vi trong tng th
Tng th bc l: Tng th c ranh gii r
rng, c th nhn bit c tt c cc
n vi bng trc quan.
Tng th tim n: Tng th c ranh gii
khng r rng, khng nhn bit ht
c tt c cc n vi trong tng th.
GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

III. NHNG KHI NIM THNG

DNG TRONG THNG K HC:
Phn loai tng th: Cn c vo mc ch
nghin cu:
o Tng th ng cht: Bao gm nhng n
vi ging nhau vmt s c im
ch yu c lin quan ti mc ch NC.
o Tng th khng ng cht: Bao gm
nhng n vi c nhng c im ch
yu khc nhau c lin quan ti mc ch
NC. Tho Nguyn
10
GV: Nguyn

III. NHNG KHI NIM THNG

DNG TRONG THNG K HC:
Phn loai tng th: Cn c vo pham vi
nghin cu
o Tng th hu han
o Tng th v han

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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III. NHNG KHI NIM THNG

DNG TRONG THNG K HC:
2. Mau (Sample) la tong the bao gom mot so
n v c chon ra t tong the chung.

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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II. NHNG KHI NIM THNG

DNG TRONG THNG K HC:
3. Tieu thc (Bien) Thong ke: Tieu thc
Thong ke la nhng ac iem cua n v
tong the.
* Tieu thc (Bien) thuoc tnh: Tieu thc
khong biu hin trc tip bng con s.

* Tieu thc (Bien) so lng: Tieu thc co the

bieu hien trc tip bng con so.

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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II. NHNG KHI NIM THNG

DNG TRONG THNG K HC
* Lng bien ri rac: cac gia tr co the co cua
no la hu han hay vo han va co the em c
* Lng bien lien tuc: cac gia tr co the co cua
no co the lap kn ca mot khoang tren truc so
Lu y: Cac tieu thc thuoc tnh hoac tieu thc so
lng ch co hai bieu hien khong trung nhau tren
mot n v tong the, c goi la tieu thc thay
phien.
GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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II. NHNG KHI NIM THNG

DNG TRONG THNG K HC.
4. Ch tieu Thong ke: la cac tr so phan anh
cac ac iem, cac tnh chat c ban cua tong
the trong ieu kien thi gian, a iem xac
nh.

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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II. NHNG KHI NIM THNG

DNG TRONG THNG K HC.
* Ch tieu khoi lng: bieu hien quy mo, khoi
lng cua hien tng.
* Ch tieu chat lng: bieu hien tnh chat, trnh
o pho bien, quan he so sanh cua hien tng
nghien cu.

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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IV. CC LOI THANG O (Scale):

* Thang o nh danh (Norminal scale):
La loai thang o s dung cho cac tieu thc
thuoc tnh. Ngi ta s dung cac ma so e
phan loai cac oi tng. Chung khong mang
y ngha nao khac.
V du : Nam ky hieu so 1, N ky hieu so 2

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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IV. CC LOI THANG O (Scale):

*

Thang o th bac (Ordinal scale)

Thng c s dung cho cac tieu thc
thuoc tnh, trong thang o nay gia cac bieu
hien cua tieu thc co quan he th bac hn
kem.
V du: Thu nhp hang thang cua ong/ ba/ anh/ ch:
1.Di 3 trieu ong 2. t 3-5 trieu ong
3. t 5-10 trieu ong 4. tren 10 trieu ong

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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IV. CC LOI THANG O (Scale):

* Thang o khoang (Interval scale):
Thng dung cho cac tieu thc so lng.
ay la loai thang o co cac khoang cach eu
nhau.
V du: nhiet o, tuoi

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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IV. CC LOI THANG O (Scale):

* Thang o ty le (Ratio scale).
c s dung cho cac tieu thc so lng. No
co ay u cac ac tnh cua thang o khoang,
ngoai ra no co mot tr so 0 that. Cac loai
thang o ty le nh : ong, met, kg, tan, ta

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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IV. CC LOI THANG O (Scale):

Lu y:
Thang o th bac la thang o nh danh
co phan biet th bac
Thang o khoang la thang o th bac o
lng c s hn kem
Thang o t le co kha nang bieu th thong
tin cao nhat, thang o nh danh co kha
nang bieu th thong tin thap nhat
GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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V. QU TRNH NGHIN CU THNG K

XAC NH MUC CH, NOI DUNG, OI TNG
VAN E NGHIEN CU

XAY DNG HE THONG CAC KHAI NIEM,

CH TIEU THONG KE.
IEU TRA THONG KE
X LY SO LIEU

PHAN TCH VA GIAI THCH KET QUA

VIET BAO CAO VA TRUYEN AT KET QUA
NGHIEN CU

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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CHNG 2
THU THAP D LIEU
THONG KE

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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NOI DUNG:
I. Xac nh d lieu can thu thap
II. D lieu nh tnh va d lieu nh lng
III. D lieu s cap va d lieu th cap
IV. Cac phng phap thu thap d lieu s cap
V. Xay dng ke hoach ieu tra
VI. Sai so trong ieu tra Thong ke

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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I. XAC NH D LIEU CAN

THU THAP
Van e au tien cua cong viec thu thap
d lieu la xac nh ro nhng d lieu nao can
thu thap, th t u tien cua cac d lieu nay.

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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II. D LIEU NH TNH VA

NH LNG
* D lieu nh tnh: c thu thap t bien nh
tnh, phan anh tnh chat, thuoc tnh hoac loai
hnh cua cac oi tng nghien cu
V du: gii tnh, tnh trang hon nhan

* D lieu nh lng: c thu thap t bien

nh lng, phan anh mc o, gia tr
V du: chi tieu trung bnh thang cua cac ho gia
nh
GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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III. D LIEU S CAP VA TH CAP

* D lieu th cap secondary data: la d lieu thu thap
t nhng nguon co san, o chnh la nhng d lieu a
qua tong hp, x ly t cac c quan nh : Tong cuc TK,
Cuc TK, c quan chnh phu, bao, tap ch
*D lieu s cap primary data: la d lieu thu thap
trc tiep, ban au t oi tng nghien cu. e thu thap
d lieu s cap ngi ta to chc cac cuoc ieu tra thong
ke.

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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CAC LOAI IEU TRA THONG KE:

* Can c vao tnh lien tuc hay khong lien tuc
cua viec thu nhap tai lieu ban au, ta co cac
loai ieu tra :
- ieu tra thng xuyen
- ieu tra khong thng xuyen
T nh ky
T khong nh ky

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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CAC LOAI IEU TRA THONG KE:

* Can c vao pham vi cua oi tng ieu tra,
ta co cac loai ieu tra :
- ieu tra toan bo
- ieu tra khong toan bo
+
ieu tra chon mau
+
ieu tra trong iem
+
ieu tra chuyen e
GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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IV. CAC PHNG PHAP THU THAP

D LIEU BAN AU
* Thu thap trc tiep:
Quan sat
Phong van trc tiep
Nghien cu thc nghiem

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* Thu thap trc tiep:

Quan sat

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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* Thu thap trc tiep:

Phong van trc tiep

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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IV. CAC PHNG PHAP THU THAP

D LIEU BAN AU
* Thu thap gian tiep: Nhan vien ieu tra thu
thap tai lieu qua trao oi bang ien thoai,
hoac th gi qua bu ien vi n v ieu tra.

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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* Thu thap gian tiep:

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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VI. XAY DNG KE HOACH

IEU TRA THONG KE

Mo ta muc ch ieu tra

Xac nh oi tng ieu tra va n v ieu tra
Noi dung ieu tra
Xac nh thi iem, thi ky ieu tra
Bieu ieu tra va ban giai thch cach ghi bieu

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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VII. SAI SO TRONG IEU TRA

THONG KE
* Sai so do chon mau : sai so nay ch xay ra
trong ieu tra khong toan bo, ac biet la
trong ieu tra chon mau.
* Sai so phi chon mau : sai so nay phat sinh do
viec ghi chep tai lieu khong chnh xac, do
khai bao sai,

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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VII. SAI SO TRONG IEU TRA

THONG KE
Mt s bin php ch yu nhm hn ch sai s
trong iu tra thng k:
Lm tt cng tc chun b iu tra
Tin hnh kim tra mt cch c h thng ton
b cuc iu tra
Lm tt cng tc tuyn truyn i vi cc n
v c iu tra v nng cao tinh thn trch
nhim i vi nhn vin iu tra.
GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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ON TAP

GV: Nguyn Tho Nguyn

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