Ph gia thc phm

Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia

Bc ti: menu, tm kim

Cc ph gia thc phm l cc cht c b sung thm vo thc phm bo qun hay
ci thin hng v v b ngoi ca chng. Mt s ph gia thc phm c s dng
trong nhiu th k; v d bo qun bng lm da chua (vi dm), p mui- chng hn
nh vi tht p mui xng khi, hay s dng ixt lu hunh nh trong mt s loi
ru vang. Vi s ra i v pht trin ca cng nghip ch bin thc phm trong na sau
th k 20 th c thm nhiu ph gia thc phm c gii thiu, c t nhin ln nhn
to.

Mc lc
[giu]

1 nh s
2 Cc th loi
3 Xem thm

4 Lin kt ngoi

[sa] nh s
qun l cc ph gia ny v thng tin v chng cho ngi tiu dng th mi loi ph
gia u c gn vi mt s duy nht. Ban u cc s ny l cc "s E" c s dng
chu u cho tt c cc ph gia c chp nhn. H thng nh s ny hin c
y ban m thc phm (Codex Alimentarius Committee) chp nhn v m rng xc
nh trn bnh din quc t tt c cc ph gia thc phm m khng lin quan n vic
chng c c chp nhn s dng hay khng.
Tt c cc s E u c tin t "E" i km, nhng cc quc gia ngoi chu u ch s dng
cc s m khng cn bit l cc ph gia c c chp nhn s dng chu u hay
khng. V d, axt axtic l ph gia 260, v th n c vit l E260 trn cc sn phm
c by bn chu u. Ph gia 103, alkanet, khng c chp nhn s dng chu u
nn n khng c s E, mc d n c chp nhn s dng ti c v New Zealand.
Xem thm Danh sch cc ph gia thc phm c danh sch y tt c cc m s.

[sa] Cc th loi
Cc ph gia thc phm c th phn chia thnh vi nhm, mc d c mt s phn chng
ln gia cc th loi ny.

Cc axt
Cc axt thc phm c b sung vo lm cho hng v ca thc phm "sc
hn", v chng cng c tc dng nh l cc cht bo qun v chng xi ha. Cc
axt thc phm ph bin l dm, axt citric, axt tartaric, axt malic, axt fumaric,
axt lactic.
Cc cht iu chnh chua
Cc cht iu chnh chua c s dng thay i hay kim sot chua v
kim ca thc phm.
Cc cht chng vn cc
Cc cht chng vn cc gi cho cc cht bt, chng hn nh sa bt khng b vn
cc.
Cc cht chng to bt
Cc cht chng to bt lm gim hoc ngn chn s to bt trong thc phm.
Cc cht chng xi ha
Cc cht chng xi ha nh vitamin C c tc dng nh l cht bo qun bng
cch kim ch cc tc ng ca xy i vi thc phm v ni chung l c li cho
sc khe.
Cc cht to s lng
Cc cht to s lng chng hn nh tinh bt c b sung tng s /khi lng
ca thc phm m khng lm nh hng ti gi tr dinh dng ca n.
Cc cht to mu thc phm
Cht to mu thc phm c thm vo thc phm thay th cc mu sc b
mt trong qu trnh sn xut hay lm cho thc phm trng bt mt hn.
Cht gi mu
Ngc li vi cc cht to mu, cc cht gi mu c s dng bo qun mu
hin hu ca thc phm.
Cc cht chuyn th sa
Cc cht chuyn th sa cho php nc v du n duy tr c th hn hp cng
nhau trong th sa, chng hn trong maint, kem v sa.
Cc cht to v
Cc cht to v l cc ph gia lm cho thc phm hng v hay mi c th no
v c th c to ra t cc cht t nhin hay nhn to.
Cc cht iu v
Cc cht iu v lm tng hng v sn c ca thc phm.
Cc cht x l bt m
Cc cht x l bt m c thm vo bt m ci thin mu sc ca n hay s
dng khi nng bnh.
Cc cht gi m
Cc cht gi m ngn khng cho thc phm b kh i.
Cc cht bo qun
Cc cht bo qun ngn hoc kim ch s thi hng ca thc phm b gy ra bi
cc hot ng ca nm mc, vi khun hay cc vi sinh vt khc.
Cc cht y
Cc cht y l cc loi kh nn c s dng y thc phm ra khi cha
ng n.
Cc cht n nh

Cc cht n nh, to c v to gel, chng hn aga hay pectin (s dng trong mt

s loi mt hoa qu) lm cho thc phm c kt cu c v chc. Trong khi chng
khng phi l cc cht chuyn th sa thc th, nhng chng gip cho cc cht
th sa n nh hn.
Cc cht lm ngt
Cc cht lm ngt c b sung vo thc phm to v ngt. Cc cht lm ngt
khng phi ng c thm vo gi cho thc phm cha t nng lng (calo)
nhng vn c v ngt ca ng hay v chng c cc tc ng c li cho cc bnh
nhn b bnh i ng hay su rng.
Cc cht lm c
Cc cht lm c l cc cht m khi thm vo thc phm s lm tng do m
khng lm thay i ng k cc thuc tnh khc ca thc phm.

Cht bo qun
Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia

(i hng t Cht bo qun thc phm)

Bc ti: menu, tm kim
Cht bo qun l cc ha cht t nhin hay tng hp c thm vo sn phm nh thc
phm, dc phm, sn, cc mu phm sinh hc v.v ngn nga hoc lm chm li s
thi ra, h hng gy ra bi s pht trin ca cc vi sinh vt hay do cc thay i khng
mong mun v mt ha hc. Chng c th s dng nh l mt ha cht duy nht m cng
c th trong t hp vi nhiu loi ha cht c cc tc dng khc.

Mc lc
[giu]

1 G
2 Thc phm
o 2.1 Cht bo qun v sc

3 Lin kt ngoi

[sa] G
Cc cht bo qun cng c th thm vo g ngn chn s pht trin ca cc loi nm
mc cng nh ngn nga cn trng v mi. Thng thng ng, cc borat v cc ha

cht gc du m hay c sdng. c thm thng tin v cc cht bo qun g, xem

thm cc bi x l g, g x v creosot.

[sa] Thc phm

Cc ph gia thc phm c tnh cht bo qun thng thng c s dng mt mnh hoc
gn lin vi cc phng php bo qun thc phm khc. i khi ngi ta cn phn bit
gia cc bin php bo qun khng khun vi chng xi ha, trong bo qun khng
khun hot ng trn nguyn tc ngn chn s pht trin ca cc loi vi khun, nm mc
v cn trng, cn bo qun chng xi ha hot ng trn nguyn tc ngn chn qu trnh
xi ha cc thnh phn trong thc phm. Cc cht khng khun thng dng trong ch
bin thc phm l nitrat natri, nitrit natri, cc mui sulfit, (ixt lu hunh, bisulfat natri,
sulfat hir kali v.v) v EDTA inatri (axt tyleniaminttraaxtic). Cc cht chng xi
ha bao gm BHA (2-tert-butyl-4-hirxyanisol hay 3-tert-butyl-4-hirxyanisol) v
BHT (2,6-i-tert-butyl-4-mtylphenol). Cc cht bo qun khc cn bao gm c
fomalht (thng thng trong dung dch v ch yu bo qun cc mu sinh hc),
glutaralht, iatmit (git cn trng), tanol v mtylcloroisothiazlinon. Li ch v
an ton ca nhiu ph gia thc phm nhn to, trong c c cht bo qun l ch gy
tranh ci gia cc vin khoa hc chuyn mn ha v khoa hc thc phm v c tnh hc.
Mt s phng php bo qun thc phm s dng mui n, ng hay dm. Cc loi ha
cht ny c coi l thc phm nhiu hn l ph gia thc phm.
Ti chu u, tt c cc ph gia thc phm u c k hiu bng "s E" (xem thm Danh
sch cc ph gia thc phm). Cc cht bo qun v iu chnh chua th c cc k hiu
t E200E299.

[sa] Cht bo qun v sc

Do khng phi ph gia thc phm no c m s E cng c cc quc gia cho php s
dng. V th cc cht bo qun c chia ra thnh 3 nhm nh sau:
Nhm b cm
C c hi cao, v d: E103 (Chrysoin resorcinol hay p-(2,4-ihirxy
phnylazo) benzen sulfonat natri) b cm ti nhiu quc gia n l phm mu v
cht bo qun dng cho sn mu, nhng khng cho thc phm.
Nhm c cho php
V d: E104 (Vng quinolin) phm thng dng mu vng cho ung.
Nhm thc phm
C c hi thp i vi sc khe