TRNGIHCSPHMKTHUTTP.

HCM
KHOAIN
BMN:CSKTHUTIN
0
GVCThS.NGUYNTRNGTHNG

GIOTRNH

MYIN
CBIT

TP.HCMThng5/2006

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

CHNG1
MYINMTCHIUCBIT
1.iCng
My in mt chiu ch yu c ch tothnhng chay my phtin,
nhngtrongnhiungnhkthutchuynmncbitmyinmtchiucch
to dinhiu dngc bit khc, n c dng trong k thuthn, in phn, k
thutluynkim.Trongccthitbc cutngiukhinxa,giaothngvnti,
trongthngtinlinlcv.v...Tutheonhnglnhvckthutkhcnhaumthng
cmy inmt chiu cnhng yu cu khcnhau. Th d ccmy s dng trong
ngnhtngyucutincycao,quntnhb,cngsutnh.Trongkthuthn,
luynkimthngyucudnginlnv.v...
Trongchngnychngtasnghincuslcmtviloimyinmt
chiucbitcsdngrngritrongthctinbaogmmyinmtchiut
trngngang,myphthninvmtsmynhdngtrongkthutolngv
tng.
2.MyinMtChiuTTrngNgang
Myinmtchiuttrngnganglmyinmtchiucvnhgp,dng
t trng phnng phn ng cm ngdng in a ra ti. Nh vy trong dy
qunphnnggmchaidngin:dnginthnhttorattrngngangv
dng inthhaiaradngctonnbittrngngang.
Cpchithan11ttrnngTTHHvcnivinhau,cpchithan2
2tlch900 sovicpchithan11vniviudyracamy.

Hnh1.1.Cutomyinmtchiuttrngngang.

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GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Nguynlhotng:
Gi s, ng c s cp quay vi tc nh mc n =n m v cun dy kch
thchccpinpUkt .Khi,trongcundynyxuthintthng F t,tthng
nycmngnnscinngE1 haiuchithan11cadyqunphnng.V
11ngnmchnngyradngI1 khlnchytrongdyqunrto,gynntthng
F1,ditcdngca F1 sgynnsE2 khln,E2 tonninpU2 vcungcp
rangoimtdng inI2 no.
2.1.Mykhuchiint(MK):
khngchmtitngno,tnhiucthdntrctipnitng
iukhinkhngcnquahthngkhuchi.Cngcthtnhiucquabphn
trunggiankhuchilnanitngiukhin.
My khuchiinthaymy khuchi(MK)lmttrongccthitb
trunggiannhntnhiuanitngiukhinncnhimvbinimttn
hiuinphaydng innhkhngchmtcngsutln.
Myinmtchiukchthchclpcngcthxemnhlmtmhnhca
MK,trongtnhiuuvolcngsutkchthchPtvtnhiuckhuch
i l cng sut a ra Pm u my pht, nhng v Pt = (12)% Pm , nn h s
khuch i rt nh ( kK = 50 100 ) nnmy pht in kch thch c lp khng
cdngnhMK.

Hnh1.2.Snguynlmy inmtchiukchtclp.
MyinkhuchickK rtln, vchaibckhuchi:
kK=

Pra U r .Ir
=
=k v .ki
Pvao
U v .I r

kv =

Ur
:hsKinp.
U v

ki =

Ir
:hsKdng in.
I v

(1.1)

Trong:

Hin nay c th ch to MK c kK = 10.000 100.000. Cht lng ca

MKcncnhgibikhnngtcngnhanhcan,xcnhbnghngs
thigianintTcamy(T=L/R),thngthngT=(0,050,3)sec.xtc
haiyuttrnngitathngdnghschtlng:
T r a n g |2

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

kcl =

k K
T

(1.2)

ScaMKctrnhbytrnHnh1.3.Nguynllmviccxt
tngtnhmyxtHnh1.1.
ys.t.F2 doI2 torahontonbs.t.cacunbBtrunghonhcng
sutcatnhiuuvosbdnnkK tng.BintrRsccngdnghiuchnh
tcdngcacunbB.CuntrtTchophphthpdnginI1 docithin
cvnichiuchochithan11.cithinichiuchocpchithan22
ngitatdyqunphDPtheohngdc Hnh1.4.

Hnh1.3.SnguynlcaMK.
tccdyqunnitrn,lthpcaStatorcdngnhhnhsau:

Hnh1.4.LithpStatorcaMK.
1.Dyquniukhin,2.Dyqunb,3.Dyquncctph,
4.Dyquntrt,5.Dyqunkhttrtrnmchtstator.
NguynllmviccaMK
Tnhiuctvodyqunkchthchgilcuniukhin.
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GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Nhvycngsutmchvo:
Pk =Uk.Ik
DnginIk sinhratthngdctrck,k gynnsE1 2uchithan
11.V11ngnmchnngyradngI1 khlnchytrongchithan.DngI1 gy
nntthng 1,ditcdngca

1 sgynnsE2 khln,E2 tonninpU2

vcungcprangoimtdng inI2 no.
Pk =Uk.Ik P1 =U1.I1 P2 =U2.I
2
NhvytakhngchccngsuttPk P2 khln.
Hskhuchicngsut:
kp =

P2
P P
= 2 . 1 =k2.k1
Pk
P1 Pk

(1.3)

kp cthlnntrs800010000.
MKcthdngduytrinp,dnginhayduytrtcquayca
mtngcnonhanhvnhy.
Thdduytrinpcamyphtinmtchiukhngingitadng
MKcungcpdng inkchthchchomyphtmtchiu.
Lytnhiubngcchlyinptrnintrracamyphtmtchiua
vcuniukhinhaicaMK.Sctngcacunmtvhaicngnhau.
Tabit,khititngthinpcamyphtinmtchiusgimdoe
(phnngphnng)vinpritrnphnng.khcphctnhtrngnyngi
tadngssauduytrinpUF camyphtinmtchiukhngikhiI
tng.

Hnh1.5.SmchngdngMKnnhinpmyphtin.
KhiItng DUtng It2 tng f =(f1 + f2)tng UMKtng
ItF tng UFtngnUbanu.

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GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh1.6trnhbymtngdngcaMKdngduytrinpvtcC
khngi.

Hnh1.6. SnguynlmchngdngMK.
Mchcchcnngnhsau:
Gi:
U =const.,I Im,nm =const.
3.MyPhtinHn
Mun cho mi hn c cht lng cao, nhit lng mi hn v dng in
sinhranhitlngphinnh.pngcyucumyphtincn
phicctnhngoiU=f(I)cdccao.

Hnh1.7.ctnhngoicamyphtinhnmtchiu.
Myphtinhnphithomnccyucusau:
Duytrcchngnmchkhingithhnlmvicningnmchcc
cchn(vdkhinhmchyhquang).
Phimbotrsdnginkhngikhiintrhquangthayi(chiu
dihquangthayi).

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GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

thchin ciu,c tuyn ngoicamy phtinphi thtdc.

Muncctuyntrn,ngitachtoloimyphtcbitcscutonh
Hnh1.8.

Hnh1.8.Scutocamyphthnin.
My gmmticckp,trongN1S1 thngcmchtkhngboho,
cnN2S2 thrtboho.
Phnngcamyphtcthxemnhcchialm4phn.CcphnAcv
BbtonnphnngphnngkhtivicpcctN1S1,cnccphnAbvBc
tonnphnngphnngtrtiviccccN2S2.
NhvykhiI tngtthngccccN2S2 hunhkhngidolithpcan
bboho.KtqultthngtngN1N2 S1S2 gimnhanhlmchoinpucc
UAB bhthprtnhiu.
ChrnginpUAB vngikhngikhiI tngvtthngcaccccN2S
2
khngi.
ngvicctrskhcnhaucaRctacccctnhngoikhcnhaunhtrn
Hnh1.7.
4.MyinMtChiuKhngTipXc
Visphttrincacngnghbndn,ccnhsnxutmyinchto
raccloimyinmtchiukhngsdngvnhgpvchithanhaycngil
myinmtchiukhngtipxc.cimcaloimyinnyllmvictin
cy,khng to tiala in, khng gy nhiu v c tui th cao hn so vi cc loi
ngcmtchiuthngthng.Trongphnnystrnhbyloingcny.
4.1.Cuto.
ngckhngtipxcmtchiuccutotbathnhphnchnhsau:
1.ngckhngtipxcvicunngmphatrnstatovrtokchthch
bngnamchmvnhcu.

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GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

2.Cmbinvtrrto,tcngvmyvingc,thchinchcnngto
ratnhiuiukhinnhmxcnhthiimvthtichiu.
3.Bichiukhngtipxc,thchinichiudngintrongcunng
trnstatotheotnhiuiukhincacmbinvtrrto.

Hnh1.9.Scutrcngcmtchiukhngtipxc.
4.2.Nguynlhotng.
Hnh1.10trnhbysnguynlcangcmtchiukhngchithan,c
mtcundytrnmchstato.

Hnh1.10.Snguynlngcmtchiukhngchithan.
1. Statocangc.
2. Dyquntrnstato.
3. Rtoloinamchmvnhcu,chaicc.
4. astt,cdnghnhtrnkhuytvcttrntrcrto.
5. Bphnichiukhngchithanccutobngcclinhkinin
t thc hin i chiu dng in ca cc cun cm trn stato ng c
theotnhiuiukhintcmbinvtr.
D1,D2 lccbcmbinvtrdngttrthayi.Dngxcnhvtrrto
(trcttrngrto)thngquaastt.
Hotng
T r a n g |7

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

vtrnhhnhv,cmbinvtrD1 nmtrongvngkhuytcaannto
rasthayittrtrnmchthaicundyracacmbinvtr.Sthayiny
toratnhiuiukhinbichiu.Bichiusichiuinptlndy
qun stato (i chiu t trng stato). Cc tnhinp trndyqun stato cchiu
nhhnhv.
KhivngkhuytcaatrngvicmbinvtrD2,nstoratnhiuiu
khinbichiu,bichiusocctnhinptlndyqunstato.Chiu
inpngcchiuvihnhv.
Qutrnhichiuinptrndyqunstatophingthivivisthay
ichiucctrto.iunymbochiuquaycammenkhngitrongmt
vngquay.
Hnh1.11trnhbyqutrnhkthpichiucattrngstatovttrng
rto.

Hnh1.11.Qutrnhichiuttrngstatovrto.
Khicdnginquadyqunstato,distcngcattrngrtosto
rammenquay.
M=k F s F r Sinq

(1.4)

vi:
k:hsmykhngi.
Fs, Fr :tthngcctstatovrto.
q:gchpbitrccctrtovtrcttrngstato.
Khimchtchabohobiuthctrncthbiudindidngsau:
M=km Is Sinq

(1.5)

vi:
km :hsphthucttrngrtovcutostato.
Is:dnginquadyqunstato.
Tbiuthc(1.5)tanhnthy:
Mmenquaycsdaongtheogcquay q.
ngvivtrgc qlmchommenquaycangcnhhnmmen
tnhtrntrcngcthngckhngthquay.

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GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Nhnghn chny c th c khc phcbng cch tng s cun dy qun

trnstator.Khiybiuthc(1.5)cthvitlinhsau:
(q c 2)
M=km Is
cos(q qc/2)
(1.6)
(sin q c 2)
trong: qc lgcgiatrc2cundyktipnhau.
Khiscundycngln qc cngb M=const.Nhngkhisphaca
cunstatortngdnnsphntcmbintngvmchochiutrnnphctp.
Nntrongthctsphacadyqunthngkhngvtqubn.
Ngoiracchucccundytrnmchstatocnglmthayilnv
daongcammen.Hnh1.12trnhbymtscchuthngthy.
a. utamgic.
b. usao.
c. usongsongvingun.
d. unitipvingun.

Hnh1.12.Sktnigiaccphangckhngchithan.
Trong cc cch u trn th u tam gic s cho hiu sut cao nht, dao
ngcammenlbnht.Cchusongsongcbichiunginnht.

T r a n g |9

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

hiurhnvnochiukhiscundytng.Taphntchnguynl
hotngcangccbaphavccphacusongsongvingun.

Hnh1.13.Snguynlngincangmtchiukhngchithan
vistatocbacundycnisongsongvingun.
Cun dy phn ng t trn cc rnh ca stato gm c bapha A, B, C, lch
nhautrongkhnggianmtgc1200 vcnisongsongvingun.
Phn t tnhiu cdnghnh trn khuyt v c lmbng vt liu st t .
Phntnycttrntrccangc.
BphnichiugmbatransistorT1,T2,T3,mcnitipviccphaA,B,C
cangc.CctransistornylmvicchngtdnvciukhintbK.
BiukhinnhntnhiutcmbinA,B,CvaratnhiuKbichiu.
NguynlhotngcangctheoHnh1.13nhsau:
Gisbanuvtrphntcmbintnhiucacmbinvtrnmvtr1
Hnh1.13.vtrnychcphntcmbinAtcngtotnhiuiukhinm
transitorT1.CundyAtrnstatotcngtoras.t.FA.Nhstngtcgiasc

tng FA vi t thng ca t trng rtorbngnamchm vnhculmcho rtor

quaytheochiukimngh.Dophnttnhiucacmbinvtrgnngtrc
virtorcangcnnkhirtorquaythphntnycngquaytheo.
Khigcquaycartolnhn300 sovivtrbanumtt(vtr2Hnh1.13).
v tr ny hai phn t cm bin A, B cng tc ng to tn hiu iu khin m
transistorT1, T2 .KhicthmsctngFB thsctngtngslchikhong600

T r a n g |10

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

sovivtrbanuvtcngvittrngcartornamchmvnhculmcho
rtorngctiptcquaytheochiukimngh.
Khigcquaycartorlnhn900 sovivtrbanumtt(vtr3trnHnh
1.13). vtrnychcphntcmbinBtcngtotnhiuiukhinmtransistor
T2,nnchtntistFB ycngchnhlsctngcadyqunstatolcny.Do,
rtocangctiptcquaytheochiukimnghnhbanu.Qutrnhtrnctip
tc,tnhiuiukhintcmbinvtrcavocctransistorcabphnichiu
vlmchochngdnhocngngdnnglc.
4.3.Mchiukhinngckhngchithan
Hnh1.14trnhbysiukhinngckhngchithan,cbapha,kt
nisaovcochiuquay.

Hnh1.14.Smchiukhinngckhngchithan.
Nguynlhotngcamch:
Khiquaytheochiukimngh:D=0

T r a n g |11

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Trngthiiukhinccphatngngvitnhiunhnctcmbinv
trctrnhby Hnh1.15.

Hnh1.15.Trnhtiukhinccphangckhngchi
thankhiquaytheochiukimngh.
Gi sbanu vtrvng khuyt ca phn t cmbin tnhiunm v tr
nhHnh1.14.vtrnychcphntcmbinAtcngtngngvitrng
thilogicDCBA=0001.Bmhovtrstotnhiungvim1iukhinm
transitorT1,T6 thngqua2cngor1v6,khiycundyAvCcintorast
FAC . Nh s tng tcgiasc t ng FAC vi t thng ca t trng rtorbng
namchmvnhculmchortorquaytheochiukimngh.Dophnttnhiu
cacmbinvtrgnngtrcvirtocangcnnkhirtoquaythphnt
nycngquaytheo.
Khigcquaycartolnhn300 sovivtrbanumtt.vtrnyhai
phntcmbinA,BcngtcngtngngvitrngthilogicDCBA=0011.B
mhovtrstotnhiungvim3iukhinmtransistorT6,T3 thngqua
2cngor3v6,khi ycundyBv CcintorastFBC lmchongc
tiptcquaytheochiukimngh.
Khigcquaycartorlnhn900,1500,2100,2700,3300 sovivtrbanu
mtttngngvimthpphn2,6,4,5thlnltcccptransitorT3T2,T2T5,
T5T4,T4T1 dnlmchocccundyBA,AC,CB,BAcin,torastFB A,
FC A,FCB,FAB lmchongctiptcquaytheochiukimngh.

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Khiquayngcchiukimngh:D=1
Trngthiiukhinccphatngngvitnhiunhnctcmbinv
trctrnhby Hnh1.16.

Hnh1.16.Trnhtiukhinccphangckhngchi
thankhiquayngcchiukimngh.
5.ngCChpHnhMtChiu
Lmtmybintnhiuinpthnhtcquayhocgcchuyndch
avoitngiukhin.ngcchphnhcccyucusau:
Lmvicnnh.
tincycao,ctnhcvctnhiuchnhphituyntnh.
Quntnhnh(rtophinh),tcngnhanhvngthimttnhiuphi
ngngquayngay.
Cngsutiukhinb.
ngcchphnhmtchiucthchaiphngphpiukhin.
5.1.iukhinphnng
in p tnhiuc t vophn ng, cn in p kch thchc th ly t
ngunbnngoivohoccngcththayphnkchthchbngmtnamchmvnh
cu.

T r a n g |13

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh1.17.Snguynlngcchphnhmtchiu
khiiukhintrnphnng.
TheophngphpiukhinnythM=f(Uk)lnhngngthng(vM
=CM fd I vi fd =const M=kI mtI vUk quanhvinhaulbcnht
cnn=

I .R
U
- vi fd=const quanhn=f(U,I)lbcnht)
Ce .fd C e.fd

Phngphpiukhinnythngcdng.
5.2.iukhintrncct
DyqunphnngctvomtinpU=const.
inpiukhinUk ctvodyqunkchthch.Nhvycngsut
iukhinsnhnhngquanhn=f(Uk)khngcnlngthngna.(vn=
U - I .R
KhiUk thayi fd thayi)
Ce.fd

Hnh1.18.Snguynlngcchphnh
mtchiukhiiukhintrncct.
ngcchphnhtcngnhanhngitachtophnngcquntnh
nhdidngrtornghocrtodthnh acmchin.Loiuthngchto
vicngsut1015W.Loisau:100200W.

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GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

a)Loingcrtorng:

Hnh1.19. Cutortorng
1.Cct,2.Lthplmmchdnt.
3.Dyqunkchthch,4.Phnng
Phn ng c dng hnh rng, thng lm bng vi phoc cc vt liu cch
intrncdnccdyqunphnng.lyinrahayavophnngcng
dngchithantlnvnhgp.Loinyckhehlnnnhthngkchthchphi
ln,mytohn,nhngtcngnhanhvquntnhb.
b)Loingccrtohnha.

Hnh1.20.Cutocangcrtohnha.
1.Namchmvnhcu2,3.Gi4.Mtcct(cdngkhitrn)
5.arotor6.Chithan.

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GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh1.21.Cutoaphnng.
1. a(cchtotvtliukhngdnt).
2. Dydn(cinlnmta).
3. Lktnidy.
Cc tc b tr theochu vi camy vnm vmtpha.Pha bn kia l
gngtvthngcccctlmbngnamchmvnhcu.aphnng(Hnh1.21)
lmbngvtliunamchmcchinkhngdnt(bakelit)haimtbncincc
phntdyqun.
Nhkthutmchinvdydnnncthtnghoqutrnhlmdydn
trnmtavvnlmnguicnngcao.Vthmtdngincthln
n3040A/mm2.incthlyhocavotrctiptrnccdydnmkhng
cn c gp. Phnng khng c rng rnhnn in cm rt nh vth i chiu tt
hn,phnngphnngb,tnhaophdottrngpmchnh.Mychy m, h
cao(6065)%.
Vaquaygiarnhcctvgngnnkhehln,dokchthcmy
tngiln.Vmtchcnuchithanlnqucthdlmhhngccphnt
dyqun.
c)ngdngcangcchphnhmtchiu:
Hnh1.22miutmththngtotialaintronggiacngkimloics
dngngcchphnhmtchiu.

Hnh1.22. Hthngtotialaingiacngkimloi.
Nguynlhotngcahthngnhsau:
T r a n g |16

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Khi khngc tia la in thintr ca khe hphng inl rt ln dng

insitccdngquaintrR2,quangc,quaintrR1 rivccm.
ChiucadnginnhtrnlmchoSMquaytheohngmphntnnRUnn
inccvphaphntAlmgimlncakhehphngin.Khirngca
khehphnginbcctPGsx inlcnyinptninpnh
thng,snhthng(phngin)xyra.Khicsphnginnhtrnthintr
cakhehphngingimtngtdng inquaSMichiulmchongc
SM cngo chiuquay, ko theoin cc A lmn chuyn ng hng ra xaB.
intrcakhehphnginliphchi,chukcnhthlpli.
6.MyPhtTcoTc
Cnglmtmyphtinmchiucnhimvbinitcnsangin
pU( @ n).cquanhU=f(n)lbcnhtth fd phi=const,domythng
ccctlmbngnamchmvnhcu.Yucuivimyphtotc:
ctnh U = f (n) phi l tuyn tnh vth thng thit k vimcht cha
boho.
pmchcainpnhnnsphntphinhiu.
Quntnhmyphtnh, Dpc, Dp ph nh.
Ktcucancthlmtheoloirtornghayhnhagnnhtcng
nhanh.
oinpchnhxcdccactnhraphicngdc.iviccmy
nhc1000v/phthcthchoUra t510volthociviccloikhcctht
50100volt.Thngcthchtocngsutt1050watt.
Loinythngcthdngchuyntnhiutcthnhinptrongmt
smchtngiukhin.
Hnh1.23trnhbysmyphttcmtchiukchthchclp.

Hnh1.23. Smyphttcmtchiukchthchclp.
inpracamyphttcmtchiucthctnhtbiuthcsau:
UF =

C E .F.n - DU ch
r
1+ F
Rt

(1.7)

T r a n g |17

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Trong:
rF lintrcunng.
DU ch linpritrnchithan.

Nutthng F ,intrphnng rF vintrtiRt khngithquanh

U F = f (n) ltuyntnhvihskhuchi(dc)Kcxcnhnhsau:
Khi CE, F , Rt cng ln v rF cng nh th dc ca in p ra cng ln.
Trongtrnghpmyhotngchkhngti(R t = )thdccainp
rallnnht.
ctnhracamy phttcmtchiuctrnhbynhHnh1.24.

Hnh1.24.ctnhracamyphttcmtchiu.
Do cin p ri trn chi than nn c tnh ra ca my pht tc mt chiu
xuthinvngkhngnhy D .
Stntivngkhngnhy D lnhcimlnnhtcamyphttcmt
chiu.gimvngkhngnhynytacngiminp(DU ch )tipxcgiachi
thanvvnhgp.Vth,chithanthngthngcchtothnhpng_than
hocbc_than.
Ngoiranhhngcanhitvphnngphnngcnglmthayi
tuyntnhcactuynratrnmyphttc.
ngdngcamyphttcmtchiu:
Hnh1.25trnhbyngdngcamyphttcmtchiutronghthngkim
tratccundyvolfram.

Hnh1.25. Myphttcmtchiutrongdy chuynsnxutvolfram.

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GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Dyvonfamcsdngrtnhiutrongthctnh:dnglmdynungcho
lsi,chobpin,timcandytcTrongthctsnxutradyvonfam
(thng cdng xon l xo) dngxonngi ta phidng n mtmycun dy.
Dy vonfamtrckhithnhphmphiiquamtlnungsdngkhhydrotrc
khiccunthnhdngxon.Tilnydyscnungnngnmtnhit
thchhptheonhsnxutmongmun(bnghoclnhnnhitkhicdngin
chyquan).ccdyvonfamcchtlngtt(tuithcao,chucnhit
cao)thdyphiqualnungvimttcthchhp.Tcnydobphn
quntonn,bphnnydongcmtchiuM2 ko.TccaM2 thayikhi
inptrnhaiucccanthayi(inpthayibibinptng).c
ththeodictcqundyngitasdngmtmyphttcmtchiuM1
gnngtrcvingcM2.KhiM2 quaykotheorotorcamyphttcquayto
ratrnhaiuccmyphttcmtinpUtlvitcrotor.inpc
o bi volt k V, nh vy ngi vn hnh dy chuyn c th kim tra c tc
qunvcnhngiuchnhthchhpnucn.

T r a n g |19

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

CUHINTP.
1. TrnhbycutocaCmtchiukhngchithan(CMCKCT)?
2. Trnhbynhngimgingnhauvkhcnhaucabichiubngcv
bngbichiubngint?
3. TrnhbycccchktniccphatrongCMCKCT,nuuimvkhuyt
imcatngcchktni?
4. Anhhngcaincmdyqunstatorividng in,mmenvbo
chiuintnhthno?
5. NguynnhnnotorasdaongmmencaCMCKCT?Nuracch
lmgimsdaongny?
6. CthlmchommencaCMCKCTkhngigingviC1chiu
thngthnghaykhng?Vsao?
7. ChoCMCKCTcinplmvic24VDC,dngin1,5A,hngs
mmenKm =24,15.103 Nm/A.TnhmmencaC?
8. ChoCMCKCTcinplmvic24VDC,hngssKE =29,7.103
volt/(vng/pht).TnhtckhngticaC?
9. ChoCMCKCTcinplmvic24VDC,I=12,5A,M=120Nm,n=
2900vng/pht.Tnh:
a) Cngsutvo.
b) Cngsutra.
c) Hiusut%.
10.ChoCMCKCTcccthngssau:
ML =1,0Nm.(momentti)
Mms =7,1102 Nm.(mmenmast)
J =1,7103 Kg.m2.(mmenquntnhC)
JL =4.104 Kg.m2. (mmenquntnhti)
a) XcnhgiatccaCkhithigiantngtc(khing)t0500rad/s
l0.250svthigiangimtc(dng)t5000rad/sl0.250s.
b) Xcnhmmenkhitngtc(khing).
c) Xcnhmmenlmvic(mmenquay).
d) Xcnhmmenkhigimtc(dng).

T r a n g |20

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

CHNG2
MYBINPCBIT
1.MyBinpBaDyQun
Trong h thng in lc nhng my bin p c mt dy qun s cp v dy
qunthcpgilmybinpbadyquncungcpinchoccliinc
nhnginpkhcnhau,ngvicctsbini:
k 12 =

w1
U
1
w2
U2

(2.1)

k 13 =

w1
U
1
w3
U3

(2.2)

Mybinpbadyquncuimnngcaoctnhkinhtvkthutca
trmbinp,vsmybinpcacctrmsthnvtnhaovnhnhcngnh
hn.
Ngitachtomybinpbadyquntheokiutmybinpbaphahoc
mybinpbaphabatr,miphatbadyqun.Cctnidytiuchunnh
sau:
Y0/Y0/D 1211Y0/D/D 1111.

Hnh 2.1.Mybinpbadyqun.
Theoquynh,cngsutcabadyquncchtotheonhngtlsauy:
1)100%,100%,100%.
2)100%,100%,67%.
3) 100%,67%,100%.
4)100%,67%,67%.
Cngsutcamybinpbadyqunlytheocngsutcadyqunscp
(ccngsutlnnht).

T r a n g |21

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

1.1.Phngtrnhcbn,mchinthaythvthvectcamybin
pbadydyqun.
TngtnhmybinphaidyqundngI0 rtnhI0 =(2,53,5).Im, nn
saukhitnhiccdyqun2,3vdyqun1tacphngtrnhcbnvth
vectdng insau:

Hnh2.2.
.

I1 + I 2 + I 3 = I 0 @ 0
.

U 1 - I1 .z 1 = -(U' 2 + I' 2 .z '2 )

.

= -(U'3 + I' 3 .z '3 )

(2.3)

Trong,z1=r1 +j.x1 z2=r2 +j.x2z3=r3 +j.x3

Mchinthaythcamybinpbadyqun

- I'3

I1

- I'2

-U'3

U1

I0

- U'2

Hnh2.3.Mchinthaythcamybinpbadyqun

T r a n g |22

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

thvectngviccphngtrnhcbntrn:

Hnh 2.4.thvectcamybinpbadyqun.
1.2.Xcnhccthamscamybinpbadyqun
cxcnhtbathnghimngnmchgiacccundy1v21v32v
3.
Tngtnhthnghimngnmchcamybinphaidyqun

Hnh 2.5.Thnghimngnmchmybinpbadyqun
T r a n g |23

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Tac:
zn12 =(r1 +r2)+j(x1 +x2)=rn12 +jxn12
zn13 =(r1 +r3)+j(x1 +x3)=rn13 +jxn13
zn23 =(r2 +r3)+j(x2 +x3)=rn23 +jx23
Ttabitc:
r n 12 + r n 13 - r n 23
r 1 =
2

(2.4)

r n 12 + r n 23 - r n 13
r ' 2 =
2

(2.5)

r n 13 + r n 23 - r n 12
r ' 3 =
2

(2.6)

Tngttacthtnhcx1,x2 vx3 sau:

x n 12 + x
x 1 =
x
x ' 2 =

n 12

x
x ' 3 =

n 13

n 13

x n 23

(2.7)

+ x

n 23

x n 13

(2.8)

(2.9)

2
+ x

n 23

n 12

Ccthnghimngnmchcngchophpxcnhcccinpngnmch
un12,un13 vun23 tng ngvicctngtrngnmchzn12 ,zn13 vzn23.
1.3.thayiinpcamybinpbadyqun.
CcinpuraU2,U3 thayitheotrsvtnhchtcatiI2,I3,cos1,

cos2.Chrngnuticamtdyqunthcpthayithsnhhngnin

pcadyqunthcpkia,doinpritrndyqunscp I1 . z1
thayiinpcctiI2,I3 vihscngsutcos2,cos3 nhhnh
v(73)l:
DU12* =(U1m U2)/U1m
=unr12*cos2 +unx12*.sin2 +unr3*.cos3 +unx3*.sin3 (2.10)
Trong:
unr12* =rn12.I2 /U1m unx12* =xn12.I2/U1m
unr3* =r1.I3/U1m
u nx3*=x1.I3/U1m
Tngttacbiuthcca U13* cngcdngnhsau:
DU13* =(U1m U3)/U1m
=unr13*.cos3+unx13*.sin2 +unr2*.cos2 +unx2*.sin2
(2.11)
Trong:
unr13* =rn13.I3 /U1m un13* =xn13.I3 /U1m
unr(2)* =r1.I
unx2*=x1.I2 /U1m
2 /U1 m
Hiusutcamybinpbadyqun:
T r a n g |24

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

h% = [1 -

P0 + DPCu1 + DPCu 2 + DPCu 3

].100
P0 + P2 + P3 + DPCu1 + DPCu 2 + DPCu 3

h% = (1 -

h% = [1 -

I 20 .rm + I 12 .r1 + I 22 .r2 + I 23 .r3

). 100
b2 . S2 m . cos j2 + b 3 . S3 m . cos j3 + P
2
2
P0 + b12
.Pn12 + b13
.Pn13

2
2
b12 .Sm 2 . cos j 2 + b13 .Sm 3 . cos j 3 + P0 + b12
.Pn12 + b13
.Pn13

].100

(2.12)

2
2
.Pn12 + b13
.Pn13 ltngtnhaomybinp.
Trong: P= P0 + b12

2.MyBinpTNgu
MybinptngudngclitrongtrnghphiucainpthcpU2
vscpU1.Kinhthnvmtchtovtnhaothnsovimybinpthng.
Mybinptngukhcmybinpmtdyqunchccundyscp
vthcpcpchdng1dyqun,haynikhcidyqunthcplmtbphn
cadyqunscp.Dyqunscpcnisongsongvili,cndyqunth
cpnitrctipvili.
Mybinptngungoiviclinhquahcmccdyqunsvthcp
cnlinhtrctipvinhauvin.
Cckiunidycamybinptngu:

(a)Nithun

T r a n g |25

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

(b).Ningc
Hnh 2.6.Scamybinptngumtpha
*SosnhdunglngthitkStk (dunglngtruynquattrng)vidung
lngtruyntiStk camybinptngu.
Stk = E1 . I1 = E2 . I2
U1 E1

= I2 =k
U2
E2
I1

Thctlcvnhnh,Sttcamybinptngubng:
Stt =UCA . ICA = UHA . UHA
Ts`biniinpcaliin:
UCA IHA
=
= k'
UHA ICA

Nhvyivihnh15atac:
(U U ). I
1
Stk
E .I
= 2 2 = CA HA CA = 1
k'
Stt UCA . ICA
UCA . ICA

Vivihnh15btac:
(U U ). I
Stk
E2 . I2
=
= CA HA HA = k'1
Stt UCA . ICA
UCA . ICA

T r a n g |26

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Bng11chobitcctrsca Stk ngvicctrskkhcnhaucahaikiu

Stt

nidy:
k' (=

UCA
)
U HA

Stk

1
1,25
1,5
1,75
2
2,5
3
5

Stt

Snithun

Sningc

0
0,20
0,30
0,43
0,5
0,6
0,67
0,8

0
0,25
0,5
0,75
1
1,5
2
4

Ttathy:
Kiunithun uvithnvcngtrskth Stk

Stt

nhhn,do

cdngnhiutrnthct.
kgnbng1thcngcli,thngmybinptnguck2,5.
Khilmvictnhaotrongmybinptngunhv:
1
P P
=
(1 - ).S
k'
Stt
Stk

Nghalgimcn

1
(1 )
k'

sovitnhaotnhtheoStk hayltnhaocamy

binphaidyqunccngdunglng.
1
k'

Tngtinpngnmchcamybinptngugimcn (1 ) soviUn
camybinphaidyqun.VU n nhnn DUcamybinptngucngnh,
vdnginngnmchstngtngng.
Ngoi vic truyn ti in nng, my bin p t ngu cn dng m my
ng cin khng ngb,dng trongphng thnghim thay i inp lin
tc.

T r a n g |27

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Quanhmybinptnguvimybinpthng
Xtsmchinnhsau:

Hnh 2.7.Smybinptngutngvgimp.
Ch khng ti ca my bin p t ngu (I2 = 0) khng khc my bin p
thngvinpUAX tvomybinptngucphnbugiaccvng
dycadyqunscpsl:
U2 =Uax =

U AX
U
U
U
wax = AX = AX = 1
w AX
wAX
ka
ka
wax

Trong,ka lhsbinicamybinptngu
Trongtrnghptngp:
U 2 = U AX = k a .U 1
Khi ngn mch, dng in s cp l I1 cn dng trongdy dnngn mch
haiccaxlI2.
GishaidyqunAXvaxkhnglinhvinvinhau.NubquaIta
c:
I1.wAX +I2.wax =0
Hay

I1 +

1
.I2 =0
ka

Trong my bin p t ngu khng nhng i qua Aa m i qua c b phn

chungax,nnIaxltnghnhhccaI1 vI2.

Do:

Iax =I1 +I2 = I1( k a -1 )=I2 (1 -

1
)
ka

TtathyIax iquabphnchungaxngcchiuviI1 vcngchiuvi

I2.

Sosnhccthngsngnmchcamybinpthngvtnguthtnhao
ngcahaimythng:I12 .r1 +I22.r2
mybinptngu,dng inI1 chiquabphnAacintrl:
rAa = r1 .

w Aa
w - w ax
1
= r1 . AX
= r1 .(1 - )
w AX
w AX
ka

T r a n g |28

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Do:

PCu(Aa)=I12 .rAa =I12.r1. (1 -

1
)
ka

(2.13)

PhnaxngvaitrdngthcpcdnginIa x iquatrsbng: (1 -

1
)
ka

cadng inI2 camybinpthng.

Gismtdnginnhnhauthcththayititdincaphnaxvi
cngtltrn.
Khi:

PCu(ax)=I2ax.rax =I22. (1 -

1 2
) .r2.
ka

1
1 -

1
ka

(v intrcabphnaxtlnghchvidng in)
Suyra

PCu(ax)=I22 .r2. (1 -

1
)
ka

(2.14)

T(2.13)v(2.14)tathyrngmybinptngucthxemlmybinp
thngcintrscpvthcpnhi (1 -
rna =rn. (1 -

1
) ln,nghal:
ka

1
)
ka

Tng ngtac:
Pna =P n. (1 -

1
)
ka

Trnglngcadyqunmybinptngucnggimitheotl
GMa =GM. (1 -

1
)
ka

(vphnAacamybinptnguccngtitdinnhmybinpthng
1
) ln,vbphnaxccngchiudinhmybinp
ka
1
thngnhngtitdinnhhn (1 - ) ln.
ka
1
Tngt
xna =xn. (1 - )
ka
1
Do
una =un. (1 - )
ka

nhngchiudinhhn (1 -

Nh vy, so vi my bin p thng cc cnh tam gic ngn mch nh hn

(1 -

1
) lnvdnginngnmchslnlntngngcngsutavomybin
ka

ptngu:P1 =U1.I
1 truynchodyqunthcpgmhaiphn:mtphndidng
cngsutintP12 tngngviphndyqunAa,mtphndidngcngsut
inP tng ngviphndyqundyqunaXdo:
P12 =UAa.I1 =(U1 U2).I1 =P1. (1 -
P =P1 P12 =P1.

1
ka

1
)
ka

(2.15)
(2.16)

T r a n g |29

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

ccslmviccamybinptngulcctitaxpchnghaich
khng ti vngn mch. V vy thph ti camy bin p cdng bin p
thngnhngtng ngviinpngnmchUna v DPCua nhth Ucamybin
ptngunhhn,cna > thng,tbiuthcxna vrna tathyrng:Khika =1
tnhao DPCua vtrnglngGMa =0.nhngtrongtrnghpnyaAsuyrain
nngchuynsangthcpkhngquabini.
Khika lnsphnbitgiabinptnguvbinpthngkhngcnna,
khika =2mybinptngutrthnhtthunli.Vcchtiuthdomybin
ptngucungcpphibovquinp,dochdyqunCAvHAniinvi
nhau.Vvythngka =1,252.Binptngucdngmmyngc
khngngbvngbcngnhccngdytruyntivccliinphn
phi.
Sauylhnhvsthunvngccamybinptngubaphaccc
cchummyngckhngngbbapha.

Hnh 2.8.Snithunvngcmybinptngubapha.
TheoGOST321146mybinptnguphicbacpinpthcpcth
trongsthunl:0,550,64073U1 cntrongsngcl:0,270,36
0,45U1
Cpinptrungbnh0,64v0,36vclylminpnhmcphti
tronghaiphtvidngintngngvicngsutghitrnbngmycxeml
chtinhmccamybinpdngchommy.
phtnngcadnginxcnhtheophngphpintr1350C.
3.MyBinpoLng
Gmhailoi:
Mybininpvmybindnginbiniinpcao,dng inln
thnhnhnglngnhocbngdngcotiuchun(1V100Vhoc 1A
5A)hocdngtrongmch bov.Mybininpcchtovicngsutt
25VA1000VAvmybindngt5V100VA.

T r a n g |30

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Mybininpcdyqunscpniviliinvdyqunthcpni
viVoltmthayvicundysongsongcaWattmthocvicundy ca rle
bov.TngtrZcaloimynyrtlnnnmybinplmvictrngthign
nhkhngti,inpritrongmyrtnh,dosaisvtrsU%vvgc u
giaU1 vU2 unh.
U%=

w1
U2. U1
w2
.100
U1

(2.17)

Hnh 2.9.Sktnivth vectcaMBA.

Chkhisdngmybininpkhngcnittmchthcp,vnh
thstngngvinittmchscpvdnngyrascngnmchli
in.
Mybindngincdyqunscpvninitipvimchcnodng
in,dyqunthcpgmnhiuvngdycniviAmpemthoccccun
dynitipcaWattmthayrlebov.
TngtrZcanhngdngcnyrtnhvtrngthilmviccamybin
dngltrngthingnmch,lithpkhngboho( F =0,81wb)vI0 0,do
ccsaisolngvtrs
I2.

i%=

w2
I1
w1
.100
I1

(2.18)

vsaisvgc i cngnh.

Hnh 2.10.Sktnivth vectcamybindng.

Chkhisdngmybindngkhngcdyqunthcphmch
vnhvyI0 =I1 rtln,lithpbohonghimtrng( F =1,41,8wb)snng
T r a n g |31

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

v lm chydy qun. Hnnakhi bohos lm cho scinng tng vtn

inputhcplnrtcaokhngantonchongisdng.

Hnh 2.11.
mboantondyqunthcpcnitmtu.

Hnh 2.12.Snguynl.
4.MyBinpChuyniBaPhaSangHaiPha(MBASCOTT).
Hinnay,cngvisphttrincanncngnghipngycngcnhiudy
chuyn sn xut hin i rai. Dy chuyn sn xut cnghini th tnh chuyn
mn ho cng cao i hi cc thit b s dng trong dy chuyn cng mang tnh
chuynmnhocao.Do,pngccyucutrnthngycngcnhiuthitb
cbitchto.Ccthitbnycchtochpngmtviyucucbit
no.Mybinpchuynisphalmttrongccthitbcbit.Mybin
p chuyn i spha tbapha thnhhaipha hay cngimy bin p Scott l loi
mybinpcbitchuyndngtoinphaiphacpngunchoccngc
haipha.Nhtabitccngcinhaiphacthunitrdnginmtpha.
Tuynhin,vicnylmchomomenmmycangcthpkhngpngc
yucucamtsdychuynsnxut.khcphchintngtrnchngtaphi
dngmybinpchuynisphatbaphasanghaiphacungcpngunin
haiphachongchaipha.Hnh2.10.Snguynlcamybinpbiniba
phathnhhaipha.

T r a n g |32

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh2.13.Smybinpbinispha
Tac:
Ub =UBC. w2 =U1. w2
w1

Ua =UAO .

2. w2
3 . w1

w1

3
2. w2
.U1.
=U1. w2
2
3 . w1
w1

Tacginvectsau:

T r a n g |33

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh 2.14.SktnimbaScott.

Hnh2.15.thvectcambaScott.
5.MyBinpHn
Cc my bin p hn c chia thnh nhiu loi c cu to vc tnh khc
nhaututheophngphphn(hquang,hnin).ytachxtnloi
mybinphnhquang(hnh215).Ccmybinphnhquangcchto
saochocctnhngoiU2 =f(I2)rtdchnchcdnginngnmchv
bo m cho h quang c n nh. Mun iu chnh dng in hn cn phi c
thmmtcuncmphcinkhngthayicbngcchthayikheh dca
lithpcacuncm.

T r a n g |34

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Mybinphnhquangthngcinpkhngtibng6075Vvin
p ti nh mc bng 20kVA v nu dng cho hn t ng th c th ti hng
100kVA.

Hnh 2.15.Mybinphnhquanglmvicccunkhng
6.MyBinpChnhLu
Mybinpchnhluccimlticaccphakhngngthimlun
phinnhautheoslmviccaccdngcccaccbchnhluthungnhoc
bndntmchthcpcamybinpnhtrnhnh2.16.Nhvymybinp
lunlunlmvictrongtnhtrngkhngixng,dophichnsnidysao
chombociukinthobnhthngcacctrlithpvgimnhc
spmchcainpvdng inchnhlu.
Munnhvyphitngsphacadyqunthcp(thngchnsphabng
6)vphathcpctthmcuncmcanbngKgiaccimtrungtnhcaba
phathun(abc)vbaphangc(abc).TcdngcacuncmKllmcan
bnginptrongmchcahaiphacgclch600 lmvicsongsong,vdnh
caavctrnhnh2.16.
Khihaidy qun th cp lm vic song song vinhau,b chnh lusupha
lm vic tng tnh b chnh lu ba pha v mi dng cc lm vic khng phi
trongthigianmtphnsumtrongmtphnbachuk.

Hnh 2.16.Smybinpchnhlu

T r a n g |35

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

CUHINTP.
Cuto,nguynllmvicvcimcamybinpbadyqun.
Vsaotrongmybinpbadyquntthng,svinpphalun
lunlhnhsin?
Nguynllmvicvcimcamybinptngu.Sosnhmybin
ptnguvimybinphaidyqun.
Cuto,nguynllmvicvngdngcamybinpolng.Nhng
imcnchkhisdngchng.
Bitp1:Cho1mybinpbaphabadyqunY0/Y0/D1211:
10000/6667/10000KVA121/38,5/11KVun12%=15un13%=10,5un23%
=6unr12%=1unr13%=0,65unr23%=0,8.
a.Tnhccthamsr1,r2,r3 x1,x2,x3 vvginthaythmybin
pny.
b.Phainpcaocnivingun.Dyquninptrungbnhcti
bng 3000 KVA cosj2 = 0,8 v dy qun in p thp c tibng 6000
KVA,cosj3 =0,8.Tnh Du12%v Du13%.
Bi tp 2 : Cho mt my bin p 3 pha Sm = 3200 KVA, 35/6 KV,
52,5/307,5A,Y/Y12,un%=1,04,pFe =9,53KW,pcu =32,5KW.Bygi
emnilithnhmybinptngu41/35KV.Hy
a.Trnhbycchnidycamybinptngu.
b.Tnhcngsuttruynticamybinptngu,cngsutcadyqun
scpvthcp.
c.Hiusutcamybinptngutinhmcvicosj=0,8.
d. Dnginngnmchcamybinptngu.

T r a n g |36

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

CHNG3:
CCCHLMVICVCCDNGKHCCA
MYINKHNGNGBCBIT
1.iCng
Myinkhngngbngoichlmvicchyulngcincnc
thlmvicchmyphtvtrngthihm.
Myinkhngngbrtodyqunkhing yncndnglmmyiu
chnhcmng,mydchphav.vNgynayngitacndngnhiumyinnh
theonguynlcamyinkhngngbtrongccngnhtng.Nhngmyny
munhnhmunvvcngdngcanrtrngri.Vvytrongchngnysni
quanguynllmviccamtviloithngdng.
2.CcChLmViccBitCaMyinKhngngB
2.1.Myphtinkhngngblmvicclpviliin
Nhtabitkhimyinkhngngblmvichstrt <s<0th
:
tgy2 =

x ' 2 sx' 2
<0
=
r' 2
r' 2
s

(3.1)

do900 < y2 <1800 :2 gcgiaE2vI2.

Tthvectcamyphtinkhngngbtathy j1 >900,do:
P1 =m1U1I1coj1 <0,tclmyphtcngsutintcdngvoli.

Hnh3.1.thvectcamyinkhngngbchmypht.
Nhvynudngmtngcscpkortoquaynhanhhntcngb
thmysphtracngsutintcdngvoli.Tuyvy,cngsutphnkhngQ,
Q=m1 U1I1sinj1 >0nnmyvnnhncngsutphnkhngtlivomtmt
cungcpcngsutphnkhngdotthngtntrnstatovrtogynn.Mtkhc
totthngtrongkhehkhngkhcamy.
T r a n g |37

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Khuytimchnhcamyphtkhngngblmvicvililtiuthnhiu
cngsutphnkhnglmcoscalikm.
Tuynhinmypht khngng blmvic vi li cng c uimnh :
Vnmmyvhoviliddng,hiusutvnhnhcaovvyncthlm
nguninhtrnh.
Myphtinkhngngbcncthlmvicclpvili,qutrnht
kchthnhlpinptngtnhtrongmyin1chiukchthchsongsong.
.

TthvectHnh3.1,nubquatnhaothptathy I0 vttrc E1 1gc

0
90 nghalmyphiphtradnginindungmicthtkchc.Vvykhi
lmvicclpvilitaphiniuccmymtlngindungCthchhp.
Ngoiramycnctd,nhsdotdsinhramtrongindungCc
dnginindunglmchotthngctngcng.iukincuicngthnh
lpcinplcindungchongctnhindungvngcong
thocamyphtgiaonhauimlmvicnhmc.

Hnh3.2.Myphtinkhngngbtkch.
ngthngtiptuynvionkhngbohocangcongthogil
ngctnhindunggiihn:Hsgccangthnglcbng:
tgagh =

Uc
1
=
I0 Cghw

(3.2)

Dokhikhngtimunthnhlpcinpthphic:
hay:

a < agh
C>Cgh

(3.3)

T r a n g |38

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Trsindungbaphacnthitkchtchomytninpnhmc
lckhngticthtnhtheocngthc:
C0 =

3 Im
2p f1 U12

U1 = 3Im

106 ( mF)

(3.4)

1
= 3Im xc
Cw

(3.5)

TrongI:Dng inthocthcoildnginkhngtiI0.
U1 :inpdycamy.
f1:Tnsdng inphtra.
f1 =

pn1
pn

60
60

titkimindungthnguchngtheocchu DnhHnh3.2a.Khi
ctiphilungitclnbngnm, nutcgimthf1 gim.ngcongt
hothpxung,tg 1/ntnglnkhinchoinpgimhocmtnnh.
Khictithdoinkhngcativinkhngtntcastatonnphitng
thmindungCgiU=const.indungbvoinkhngtntcadng
statovokhong25%C0. indungbvoinkhngcaticthtnhtheocng
thcsau:
C1 =

Q
2
1

2pf1 U

106 ( mF)

(3.6)

trongQlcngsutphnkhngcati.
Ttathy,trkhicthitbiuchnhtng,nukhngthkhitithay
irtkhgiUvf1 khngi.tithuntrthnhhngiviinpvtn
scnt.NutictnhcmthnhhngnUvf1 rtnhiu.
Doindungtngitnnthnghnchcngsutcamyphtkhng
ngbthngnhhn20KW.Myphtinkhngngbtkchthnglloi
rto lng sc v s dng nhng ni yu cu cht lng in khng cao lm nh
trong qu trnh in khho nng thn hoclmngunin tm thivi cng sut
nh.
2.2.Trngthihmcamyinkhngngb
Trongthctmunngcngngquaymtcchnhanhchngvbngphng
khictin vongchoc cngimbt tc ( cntrc khiahng xung)
ngitadngphngphphmchayin.ychgiithiuccphngphp
hmbngin.

T r a n g |39

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

a. Phngphphmngc(ithtpha)

Hnh3.3.Hmithtphangcinkhngngb.
Ta bit khi s >1, rtoquayngc vi chiu t trngquaythng cin
lmvicchhm.Ta ngdngnguynl nhsau:
Khingcanglmvic,rtoquaycngchiuvittrngquay.Saukhi
ctmchin,munrtongngquaynhanhchngtangcudaovphakhc
ithtphatvostatoHnh3.3.Doquntnh,rtovnquaytheochiuctrong
lcttrngquayngcnnngclmvicchhm.Mmenint
sinhrangcchiuvirtovctcdnghmnhanhchngvbngphngtc
quaycamy.
gimdngintrongqutrnhhmcthinidyqunstatot D Y,
haycthtthmintrtrongdyqunrtogimdnginvtngmmen
hm.Khirtongngquay,phictngaymchin.Nukhngngcsquaytheo
chiungcli(ctnhckhihmngcnh Hnh3.4).

Hnh3.4.ctnhccangckhngngbkhihmngc
bngcchochiuttrngquay.

T r a n g |40

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

b. Phngphphmtisinh(ithnhmaypht)
Mun thchinphngphphmny cn ing cin sang lm vic
chmyphtin,tclitcttrngquayn1 < nnhngvncngchiu
virto. Khi lm vic chng cmunhm cnphi tng si ccp ca
myln,lcn>n1 ngcstrthnhmyphttrnnglngvlingthi
cmmenhmngcli.Ctrnghpkhngcnisiccnhkhixein
xungdctccartotnglnqutcngbnhvyngccnglmvic
trngthihm.
tngmmenhm,ikhingitachophptnginptvodyqun
statobngcchinitY D.Khihmtisinhdngin tcdngtrongmch
rtomnnmmenintcangccngm:
I2s =
vi: s=

E' 2 s
E' R' s
E' x' s2
= 2 2 2 2 j 2 2 2 2
R' 2+jx' 2 s R' 2+( x' 2 s)
R' 2+( x' 2 s)

(3.7)

n 1-n
n1

Hnh3.5.ctnhccangckhngngbkhihmtisinh
bngcchthayisicc.
c. Phngphphmngnng
Saukhictinavongcthlptcainmtchiuvodyqun
stato. Dngindng chiu vodyqun stato to thnh ttrngmtchiu trong
my.Docnquntnhdyqunrtocmngnnsvdngintcdngvit
trngtrntothnhMt chnglichiuquaycamy.loingcrtodyqun
ngitathngchothmintrphvophartotngthmmmenhm.

T r a n g |41

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

iuchnhmmenhmbngcchiuchnhinpmtchiuvodyqun
stato. Trn thc t qu trnh hm theo phng php ny thng c tin hnh t
ng.

Hnh1.6. Hmngnngngcinkhngngb.
3.CcDngKhcCaMyinKhngngB
3.1.Myiuchnhpha(mydchpha)
My dchphalloimyincthtonnmtsE2 phathcpvimt
gclchphatysoviinpscpU1.
Myccutogingnhmyinkhngngbrtodyqunnhngrto
bgichtbimththngvisvtnlmrtokhngthquaytdocmchc
th quay mt gcnht nhtheo siu khin tbn ngoi. My thng l loiba
pha. Theo Hnh 3.7a ta c dy qun statoni vi liinsinh ra ttrngquay.
Dyqunrtothngquavnhtrtniviti.
TtrngquaytrongkhehsinhrastrongdyqunstatolE1 vE2 ctr
stlvisvngdytcdngcaccdyquncngcphaphthucvovtr
tngicachng.Vbaphaixngtacthnghincutrnmtpha.
GisgcgiaphaAcadyqunstatoviphaacadyqunrtol00.Sau
quayphaaimtgc btheochiuttrngquay.Cncvomchinthayth
vbquainpritrntngtrtac:
.

U1 - E1
.

U 2 E 2 =

E1 - jb
E
e = 1 (cos b- jsin b)
k
k

(3.8)

trong:kltsbiniinp.
CncvophntchtrntathyE2=Const.Chthayivgcpha

T r a n g |42

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Mydchphacdngtrongccthitbthnghim.

Hnh3.7.Snguynlvthvectcamydchpha.
3.2.Myiuchnhcmng:
Myiuchnhcmnglloimybininpdatrnnguynlcamy
inkhngngbbaphartodyqunvirtongyn.
Ktcucamyiuchnhcmnggingnhmydchpha,chkhcldy
qunstatovrtongoislinhvtcnlinhvinnhtrongmybinpt
nguhaidyqun.Myiuchnhcmngchailoi:nvkp.
a. Myiuchnhcmngn:

Hnh3.8.Snguynlvthvectcamyiuchnhcmngn.

T r a n g |43

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Nghincutrnmtphadyquntac:
.

U 2 = U1 + E 2 U1 .

U2 =U1 (1

U 1 - j
e
k

1 - ja
e )
k

(3.9)

a lgclchgiaE2 vE1
Khi a =0thU2 =U2min =U1 (1

1
)
k

Khi a =1800 thU2 =U2max =U1(1+

1
)
k

CnchlkhiiuchnhtrscaU2 thgcphacaniviU1 cng

thayimtt.Ngoirakhimylmvictrnrtocmmenintlnkovvtr
hai dy qun stato v rto trng trc nn phi c b phn hm gi khng cho rto
quay.khcphckhuytimnytadngmyiuchnhcmngkp.
b. Myiuchnhcmngkp
Gmhaimyiuchnhcmngnghpli,hairtocnichtvinhau
vckh.DyquncnitheosnguynlnhHnh3.9a.
Theohnhvtathythtphacahaimyngcnhauttrngquayngc
nhaunngcphagiaE2 viE1 tronghaimybaogicngngcnhaudrtoquay
theochiuno.
TheothvectHnh3.9btacinpurabng:
.

U 2 =U 1 + E' 2 I + E' ' 2 II

.

= U1

U1 ja U1 - ja
e +
e
k
k

= U1 [1

1 ja
(e +e- ja )}
k

Khi a =0tac:U2 =U2min =U1(1

(3.10)
2
)
k

Khi a =1800 tac:U2 =U2max =U1(1+

2
)
k

T r a n g |44

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

GcphaU2 lunluntrngphaviU1,cnMt sinhra haimyiuchnh

cmngnbngnhauvngcchiunntrntrcmykhngchummennoc.

Hnh3.9.Snguynlvthvectcamyiuchnhcmngkp.
3.3.Mybinitns
Myinkhngngbrtodyquncthdnglmmybinitnst
f1sangtnsf2.Vdtanghincutrnghpf2 >f1 .SnguynlHnh3.10.

Hnh3.10.Smybinitns.
Dyqunstatocniviliinctnsf 1,rtocmtngcs
cpKkoquay ngcvichiuttrngquay.Dotnscascmngdy
qunrtobng:
f2 =sf1
vi

s=
n1 =

n 1 +n
n1

>1

60f1
ltcngbcattrngquay.
p

T r a n g |45

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

mybinitnsdyqunrtonhnnnglng t2pha.Mtphnt
phastatochuynquanhttrngquay,mtphntngcscpKtruynqua
theotrccarto.
P2 =m2 sE2 I2 cos y2
Trongm2 vE2 lsphavScartokhingyn.
CSintchuyntstatosangrotobng:
Pt =m2 E2 I2 cos y2
(3.11)
Khis>1thP2 >P t :MylycngsutttrcngcscpKvov
cngsutcbng:
Pc =P2 Pt.
=m2(s1)E2I2 cos y2
(3.12)
Mybinitnsthngdngcungcpdngintnsf2 t100200Hz
dngtrongcngnghip.
Tac:
f1
f
+ 1
n +n
p
p
p +p
s= 1
= BT
= BT
f1
n1
p
pBT

(3.13)

Trong:pBT vp :Sicccamybintnvcangc.
Vd:

p =1

s=3

f2 =3f1 =150Hz

s=4
=3

f2 =4f1 =200Hz

p BT = 2
p =1
p BT

3.4. My in khng ng b lm vic trong h t ng b

(Selsyn)
Myinkhngngblmvictronghtngbgmnhiumytcch
nhauvchnivinhaubngin.Khi1trongnhngmyquayimtgc(gil
my pht) thnhng my khc (my thu) cng quay 1 gc nh vy. H thng ny
thngdngtrongkthutkhngchvolng.Nhngmyinnythngthuc
loibaphavmtphavcthlmvicnhiuch:Chth,visai,binp.
a.HTngB3Pha(Selsyn3pha)
H t ng b ba pha n gin nht l gm hai my in khng ng b rto dy
qun.Dyqunstatocachngcniviliincndyqunrtocnivi
nhautheongthtph.Nhvynuhaimyvtrcartoivistatoging
nhauthsE2 trongmchrtocachngsngcnhauvdng inI2 sbng0.

T r a n g |46

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

GiFlmyphttnhiuvTlmythutnhiuthkhictnhiutcng
vomyphtFlmquayrotocani1gcthccSE2FvE2Tscgclchv
dotrongmchrtoscdng inI2.
.

E 2 F - E 2 T .e jq
I2 =
Z2F - Z2T
.

(3.14)

(+)khirtoFquaycngchiuvi F (E2TvttrcE2F)
()KhirtoFquayngcchiuvi F
Trong:Z2F vZ2T :Tngtrrtocamy pht(F)vmythu(T)
TthvectHnh3.11btathythnhphntcdngcaI2 cngchiuvi
E2T doMT slmquayrtocamyTi1gc.Trilithnhphntcdngca
I2 ngcchiuviE2F nnscmmenMF kortocamyFtrvvtr=0.
Hoccthgiithchnhsau:
gc y2F 1800,cos y2 <0 MF <0(Mhm):kortomyFtrvvtr0
gc y2T 0,cos y2 >0 MT >0(Mquay):kortocamyTi1gc.
H thnghaimy trn s lm vic cnbng khi gc lch haimy F v T
bngnhau.VvykhigirotocamyFgcthrotocamyTcngsquaymt
gcngbng.Slinlcnhthcngilslinlckiutrcin.

Hnh3.11.Snguynlvthvectcaselsynbapha.
b.Htngb1pha(selsyn1pha)
Stato ca hai my F v T ch c mt pha ni vi li in chung, cn rto
cahaimyvnldyqunbaphavnivinhautheongthtpha.
Khi cho dng in mt pha vo dy qun stato th trong khe h sinh ra t
trngpmchvcthphnthnhhaittrngquayngcchiunhaulA v
B v ta coi nh c hai h thng ng b ba pha hp li. Nh vy c th dng
nguynllmviccahbaphatmrammentngphnvmmentng.
Quay rto ca my F theo chiu ca AF mt gc . i vi t trng quay
thunAF vAT thgingnhhbaphaMAF vMAT ckhuynhhngkohairto
T r a n g |47

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

trvcngmtvtr.ivittrngquayngcBF vBT cngvy.Vvy

mmendohaittrngquaysinhratrnmimycngchiunntrstuytica
chngltngcahaimomencatngphnlngttrnglmtrcquay.Nhvy
nuquayrotocamyFimtgcthrotomyTcngquayimtgc.
Thngtdyqunscpmtphatrnrotocndyqunthcpbaphalp
trn stato nh vy gim i c mt vnh trt. c c tnh mmen tt, dy
qunmtphathngttrnccli.
Ngynayngitachtonhngselsynmtphakhngvnhtrt.
Htngbngynaycpdngrngritrongngnhtnhoviu
khin.

Hnh3.12.Snguynlvthvectcaselsynmtpha.

Hnh3.13.Cutoselsynmtpha.

T r a n g |48

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

3.5.ngcchphnhkhngngb(ACServoMotor)
iukhinmtitngno,tnhiuiukhintkhidntrctipn
mthngquakhutrunggianno.Thdmunbintnhiuinpthnhtn
hiu chc tcng voi tngiu khin thngi tadng khutrunggian l
ngcchphnh.ngcny cnthomnccyucuchnh:
nhycao,quntnhb,nghalphiquayhocdngtckhckhichoc
mttnhiuiukhinmkhngnhmtccuhm.
Mmenmmyln,ngclmvicnnh.
ctnhctuyntnh,phmviiuchnhtcrng.
Cngsutiukhinnh.
ngcchphnhkhngngblloingckhngngbhaiphacng
sutb(0,1300W).Mycktcunhsau:Statoghpbnglthpkthutinc
haicundytlchnhau900
TrongmtcunWktlmnhimvkchthch,cunWk lmnhimviu
khin , hai cun ny c t vo hai in p lch nhau 900 thi gian. Ngun kch
thch ly li in xoay chiu , nguniukhin ly tnhiu K cnhiu loi
iukhin:iukhinbin,iukhinpha,iukhinhnhp(cbinv
pha).Tngqutttrngquaycthlellipdotnhbtixngcainphoc
pha ( pha nh hn 900 ). Khi c tn hiu iu khin trong khe h s hnh thnh t
trng quay v ng c lm vic vi c tnh mmen thun (c tnh c thng
thng).Khimttnhiu iu khin, trongdyqun statoch cnngun inmt
pha(Ukt),ttrngpmchdodnginmtphasinhracphnthnhhait
trngquaythunvngc,tngngtachaictnhcthunvngc,ctnh
ctngMstoramtmmenngcvimmenthun(lctnhcthngthng
cangc khngngb khi c chaiin pkch thch viu khin) lm rto
ngli( Hnh3.15b)

Hnh3.14.Snguynlvcutongcchphnhhnhkhngngb.

T r a n g |49

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh3.15ctnhccangcchphnhkhngngb.
mylmvicnnhvctnhctuyntnhthrtophicchto
viintrrtlnsm =34,vism lnnhvynmichngchintngt
quayna(cnivingcmtphathngthngvintrrtobnnctnh
ccdngnhHnh3.15a,khirtoquaytangtmchkhingthngcvn
tiptcquay).
ng c chp hnh khng ng b c kt cu tng t nh ng c khng
ngbthngrtolngscnhngphicchtovichnhxccao,quntnh
b.Thngthnghaylmtheokiurtorng(hnhcc)cutonh Hnh3.14b.
Statogmhaiphn:Ngoivtrong,statongoigmcclthpkthutin
ghp li vi nhau, gm c rng rnh t dy qun kch thch v dy qun iu
khin.Statotronggmcclthpghplikhngcrngrnhchdnglmmchdn
t.Rtorngthnglmbngvtkhngdntnhnhhayuyracbtlntrn
trcbngvnhvquay giakhehstato.Ngoirartocthlmbnghpkim
ng nhm c in tr sut cao hoc lm bng st, hay bng vi p trn mt ngoi
trngvtliudnin.
Dokhehkhngkhln(d =0,31,4mm)nnI0 ln,costhp,hiusutthp,
trnglngln(v dlnnnmun FcaophitngstF=IW Wtng)(hnh114
b)
3.6.Myphttckhngngb
Lmnhimvbinitnhiucsangtnhiuin(thngltcquay
catrcbinithnhtnhiuin p)otccangchocbinicc
tnhiu(gia tc,nnh) trong cc ccu tng. Trong cc loimypht tc
xoaychiu,myphttckhngngbcuimltnscainprakhng
T r a n g |50

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

phthucvotc,iunyrtthuntinchovicsdngccdngcoinp
ura.
My pht tc khng ng b c cu to ging ng c chp hnh khng
ngbrtorng.

Hnh3.16.Nguynllmviccamyphttc.

Hnh3.17.QuanhUF =f(n)
Wk lcundykchthch,WF lcundypht.
Khichodnginxoaychiumtphatnsf1 vodyqunWk ,trongmy
xuthinmtttrngpmch Fk vitnsf1 cphngtrngvitrcdyqun
Wk tronghnhtrrtorngangngynxuthinsvdnginxoaychiuvi
tnsf1 nhmybinp,chiucattrng1 dodnginsinhracv
Hnh3.6a.
Khin=0:DotrccadyqunWF thnggcvitrcWk tclthnggc
viphngk v 1nnEF =0
Khirtoquayn#0trongrtoscmngthmmtsquaye q dottrng
k qutquarto.eq n,dng inIqdoeq sinhracchiunhHnh3.16b
Vk v1 pmchvitnsf1 nne q vIqcngbinivitnsf1,
dnginIqtorattrng q pmchvitns f1 quacundyWF lmcm
ngtrongmtsxoaychiueF ctnsf1,trsEq tlvitcn.Quanh
UF =f(n)cvtrnHnh3.17.
T r a n g |51

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Trnthct,khimyphttccti,phnngcadngintrongrtogy
nnsbindngcattrngvsthayiccthngscamy.Hintngny
gynnsaisvtrsvlmmttnhchttuyntnhcaUF =f(n)nhtltc
cao.Vvymythngdngotctrongphmvi800010000v/phvi DUF
=510V.
3.7.Mybinpxoay
Mybinpxoaylthitbinlmvictheonguynlcmngint,c
thchoramtinpthayitheogcxoaycarto.Cutogingngckhng
ngbrtodyqundngcngsutnh.Trnstatovrtoctdyqunhaipha
ixnglchnhautrongkhnggian900 in.
inpuratrnrtomybinpxoaycthtlvisin,cosinhocvi
bnthngcxoaycaroto,dongitaphnlmmybinpxoaysincosinv
mybinpxoaytuyntnh. SnguynlnhHnh3.18.

Hnh3.18.Snguynlmybinpxoaysincosin
vmybinpxoaytuyntnh.
tinpxoaychiuU1 vodyqunstatoW1
u1 =U1max sint= 2 U1 sint
(3.15)
Khixoayrotoi1gc,inpuradngdyqunthcpW2 vW2 l:
u2 = 2 k1 U1 sinsint
= 2 U2 sint

(3.16)

u2 = 2 k1 U1 cossint
= 2 U2 sint
Trong:

k1 =

(3.17)

kdq2W2
kdq1W1

U2 =k1U1sin

(3.18)
T r a n g |52

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

U2 =k1 U1cos
(3.19)
TtathytrshiudngcainparaU2 vU2 tlvisinvcos.
Khimbaxoaycti,dngini2 vi2 tronghaidyqunW2 vW2 to
nn t trng 2 v 2 c th chia cc t thng thnhhai thnh phndc v
ngangtrccattrngdyqunscp F 1 l F2 cos, F2 sin, F2 cos a, F2
sin a .Ttrngngangtrc F2 cos a vF2sinlmchottrngtngbmoiv
quanhhnhsincasivigc abphhy.trittiuthnhphnnytrn
statotatdyqunngnmchWn vunggcvidyqunW1.Dngintrongdy
qunWn ssinhrattrngbthnhphnttrngngangtrc F2 cos av F2
sin a ,docthgimsaisnmctithiu.

Hnh3.19.Nguynllmviccamybinpsincosin.
Nu u dy qun ca mba xoay theo Hnh 3.18c ta c my bin p xoay
tuyntnh.
Khigctrongkhong0< a<650 inpucuihaidyqunnitip
W2 vWn tlthunvigcxoay a.CndyqunW2 rtoniknmchvi
tngtrZf dngbttrngngangtrc.
Mybinpxoayngynaycsais<=5%,trongtrnghpcbitc
thlmchosais<=0,050,07%.Cngsutcambaxoaythngtrongkhong
vivoltampeviU=115Vvf=50Hz4002500Hz.
MBA xoay c dng trong cc my tnh, cc h tu ng v cc s h
thngquaytrongtrmraa,v.v

T r a n g |53

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

CUHINTP.
1) NuuimvnhcimchnhcaMKBkhilmvicchmy
pht?
2) iukinMKBlmvicclpviliin?
3) ngctnhindunggiihncxcnhnhthno?
4) Vitbiuthcxcnhhsgccangctnhindunggiihn?
5) NhnghnchcaMKBkhilmvicclpviliin?
6) Tr s in dung cn thit kch t cho my pht KB t n in p
nhmclckhngti?
7) titkimindungthccbtcunhthno?
8) Khimy pht KB lm vic c tinu tcmy gim thin p ra s
thayinhthno?
9) Khi c ti giin p ra camy pht KB khngi th gi tr in
dungCtnghaygimvctnhnhthno?
10)gimdngintrongqutrnhhmngctacththchinbngcch
no?
11)NuccphngphphminivingcinKB?
12)tngmmenhmtrongtrnghphmtisinhtacththchinbng
cchno?
13)Chcnngcamyiuchnhphahaymydchpha?
14)imkhcnhauvcutocaCKBvimydchpha?

T r a n g |54

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

CHNG4
Myinngb cbit
1.Myphtinngbmtpha
2
t.scinnglSin
3
1
2
thbrngphnqundycamtccsovi chuvirtol t.Dodyqunca
2
3
2
mtphaphicbcdyl t.
3

Dyqunphnngldyqunmtphaqunvi

Hnh4.1.(a)Scamyphtinngb1pha.
(b)Scamyphtinngb3pha.
Sosnhcngsutcahailoimyphtmtphavbapha:
P(1~)=E.I
P(3~)=3.
P (3~)
P

E
3

=1,73

.I
(4.1)

(1~)

Dnginxoaychiuchytrongdyqunphnngssinhrattrngp
mchvitnscadngin.Ttrngpmchnycthxemltnghpca
hai t trngquay thun vngc. T trng quay thun c tc ngbvi t
trngcctvquanhintgiahaittrnghontongingnhmyin
ngbbapha.Ttrngquaynghchctc2n1 sovirtovscmngtrong
dyqunrtoccdnginctns2f1.Ccdnginnyssinhrattrnglm
yuttrngquayngcsinhrachng.Nutrnrtotdyquncnthttrng
quaynghchsgimnhiu,nukhngcdyquncnchcdyqunkchttht
trngquaynghchchbgimhngdctrccnvnmnhhngngangtrc.
Ngoiradngintns2f1 dyqunrtolmtngtnhaortovssinhrat
trngpmch,vcphnthnhhaithnhphnthunvnghchquayvitc
2n1 sovirto.Thnhphnthunssinhratrongdyqunstatomtdnginctn
s3f1 lmchotnhaophtrongdyqunstatotngln.Vvytrongmyinng
bmtphalunlunctdyquncngimnhttrngngc.

T r a n g |55

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh4.2.Tcdngcattrngstator.

Hnh4.3.Tcdngcattrngrotor.
thvectcamyinngbmtphatngtnhmyinngbba
pha.Tuynhininpritrongmymtphalnhnmybaphav inkhngtnt
xs canlnhndonhhngcattrngngc.
2.Mybinimtphnng.
L loimy inquaydng bini dng in xoay chiu AC sangdng
inmtchiuDChocngcli.Sbinicthchindatrncscu
tocamyinmtchiu.

T r a n g |56

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

V s.. cmng trn dy qun phn ng l dng in xoay chiu v c th

biuthbngagicscinng,nnmimcchudyquns..slch
phanhaumtgc

2p
.Nimvnhtrtvimimthtccchithantipxc
m

viccvnhtrttascs..mpha.

Hnh4.4.Cutocamybinimtphnng.
Nu my dng bin i in xoay chiu sang in mt chiu, th i vi
ngunxoaychiumylmvicnhngcngb,vivilimtchiumy
lm vic nhmyphtin mt chiu. Trc kialoimy ny dng cung cp in
mtchiuchoxeinvcctuynngstdngumyin.
Nudngbiniinmtchiusanginxoaychiuthivingun
mtchiumylmvicnhngcinmtchiuvivilixoaychiumy
lmvicnhmyphtngb.
Nudngngc scpkomyvlydnginmtchiudomybin
ipht ra kch thchcho n v t vnh trt ly rain xoay chiu thta c
myphtinngbtkchthchbinicnngsanginnngxoaychiu.
TlgiaU~vU=:
DavothHnh4.4bvim=3tac:
Um~ =2
hay

U~=

U =
p
Sin
2
3

U=
2

Sin

p
=0,612U=
3

(4.2)

DotlgiaU~vU= nhtrnnnnuU~ltiuchunthU= lkhngtiu

chunvngcli.
Vmy bin imtphn ng ng thi lm vic hai ch my phtv
ng c nn dng in trong dy qun phnng l hiu s I~ v I=, do tn hao
trongdyqunphnngnhhntnhaotngngcamyinmtchiu.Nus
phamlntnhaocngnh.
Cthmmytheophngphpmmykhngngbcangcngb
nuctdyqunmmymtcc.Hoccthmmynhngcmtchiu
sauhongbviliinxoaychiutclchomylmvicchngc
T r a n g |57

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

mtchiuviuchnhU,fcahthngbaphahovilisauttngunmt
chiucungcpchon.
3.ngcinphnkhng:
Lloimyinngbkhngcdyqunkcht,nguynllmvicda
voskhcnhaugiattrdctrcxd vngangtrcxq.Vnhtabit:
Cngsut intcamyinngbgmhaiphn:
Pt =Pc +Pp
KhikhngcngunkchtthPc =0,lclidngcngsutintphPp
torammen.
Pp =

mU 2
2

1 1

- Sin2q
x x
q
d

(4.3)

thchincxd xq rtocamycchtonh Hnh4.5vicuto

nhtrnHnh4.5a,rtocghpbngnhnglthptrncnhngchkhuyt
tngkhehgiacccvdotngttrcamchthngngangtrc,trnrto
ctdyqunmmykiulngscmmy.Hnh4.5bc,rtocchto
bng cch nhm vo cc tp l thp, y nhm c tc dng ca dy qun m
my.
Dokhngcdyqunkchtnnngcphilydngintmnginv
cCosjthp(docutortonndngintholntonntthngcnthit
qua mch t c t tr ln ) .Trng lngng cphn khng thnggp 2,3 ln
trnglngngckhngngbcngcngsut.Thngccngcphnkhng
cchtovicngsut50100W.

Hnh4.5.Cutortocangcinphnkhng.
4. ngckiunamchmvnhcu.
loingcnyccttobinamchmvnhcubnghpkimcbitc
tdrtln(0,51,5T).Cctcdngcclivtrtokhongcchgia
cccccnhmknvtonbrtolmtkhitr(Hnh4.6a).Nudnglm
ngcinthcntdyqunmmykiulngsc.Vkhgiacngrnhtrn
hpkimnamchmnnthngchtolngscnhngckhngngbvthai
a nam chm hai u. ( Hnh 4.6 b ) vi kt cu nh vy s tn vt liu hn v
thng ch to vi cng sut : 30 40 W. Trong trng hp dng nh my pht
khngcdyqunmmy,cngsutcthlnti510KWikhin100KW.

T r a n g |58

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh4.6.Cutongcnamchmvnhcu.
5.ngcttr:
Lngcmmmenquaycansinhradohintngttrkhithovt
liucarto.Dyqunstato(3phahay1phackmtin)cnhimvtonnt
trngquay.Vtliuchtortolhpkimtcngcchutrnhttrrngnhvi
cali,Alnicnthpkthutincvngttrhp.Vloihpkimtnytnn
rtothngcchtolpghp,chdngvtliutcngmtngoi(Hnh4.7),
khehkhngkhgiastatovrtocchtobnhtcthgimdngint
ho.

Hnh4.7.Rotorcangcttr.
Smchinthaythcangcttr:

rs

xs

- Iz

Is

I0a

r0

xd

xT

rx

I du

rT

I ra

I ru

Ix x x

Hnh4.8.Smchinthaythcangcttr.

T r a n g |59

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Smchinthaythcangcttrbaogmccphn:scp,tho
vthcp(Hnh4.8).
Phnscpbaogmintrcadyqunstatorrs ,inkhngtncady
qunstatorxs.
Phntho(nhnhsongsongthnhtttrisang)biuthnhhngcat
trkhehkhngkhxvintrr0 ctrngchotnhaotronglithpstator.
Nhnhsongsongthhaibiuthnhhngcaphnttrtcdngcarotor.
TnhaotrongintrcanrT bngcngsutcdommenttrtonncngvi
tnhaodottrcarotor(chngkhngngb).intrrT phthucvoti
cangc.inkhngxT ctrngchodntcarotor.
Nhnhsongsongthbaphnnhnhhngcadnginxoytrongrotor.
intrrx phthucvohstrts,ctrngchotnhaododngxoyvcng
sutcdomomencadngxoytonn.inkhngxx linkhngtncadng
xoyquyivcunstator. chngb:xx =0,rx =nnnhnhnyhmch.
Nguynllmvic:
Xtthiimkhittrngquay S castatovtrA(hnh4.9a)rtobt
hovccnamchmphntscspxpnhhngtheochiucattrng.
TcdnghtnggiaS castatovR caccnamchmphntstonnlc
hngknhFtheophngttrngstatovdokhngtonncmmenquay.
thiimtiptheolvtrBcattrngquayS,ccnamchmphnt
squaytheovvtrminy,nhngdosmastcaccphntvtliucvng
ttrrngccnamchmphntskhngxoaykpcngviS vphichmsau
mt gc lch q no o. Lc h tng F lc ny ngoi thnh phn hng knh cn
thnhphntiptuynFt =FSinqctcdngkoccnamchmphntvdoto
nnmmenttrtlvitchvectcahaivectkhnggianS vR.
Mt =k[S R ]=kSRSinq

(4.4)

Trongklhsphthucvothngscamy.
CthtngMt bngcchsdngvtliucvngttrlnhn,ltngl
loicvngttrhnhchnht.(Hnh4.9c)

T r a n g |60

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh4.9.c.ctuynthpkthutVical
d.ctuynmomencaCngbttr.
Trs S vR khngphthucvotcquaycarto,gckhnggian q
cngkhngphthucvotcquayv q cxcnhbilckhngtcavt
liurto.Dophtixcnh, q=constchrsquayngbcartoivi
ttrngquaystatoS,vngcttrlloingcngb.
DoS,

R v qkhngphthucvotcquaycartonnctnhM=f(s)
cangcttrlngthngsongsongtrchonh( Hnh4.9d).
trnghpngcS vttrcR v qlm.( q<0):C
trnghpmypht S chmsauRvldng( q>0):MF
Sovingcphnkhng,ngcttrc uimhnvkhngcndy
qunmmytrto,kchthcmynh,Cos j caohn(vR2 vIob).Cng
sutcangccthn300400watt.
6.Myphtcmngtnscao
Trong sn xut, mt s thit b dng trong luyn kim, v tuyn in, hn
dngdnginxoaychiumtphahocbaphatnscao(4003000Hz).Bin
phptngphayntrongmayphtngbbhnchdocutomyhocscbnvt
liukhngchophp.Trongtrnghpnyphidngmyphtcmngtnscao
gyrabisngiuhorngcattrngpmch.

T r a n g |61

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh4.10.Cutomyphtcmngtnscao.
Statoghpbnglthpkthutin,phatrongcrngrnhtdyqun
phnng,giahaingnstatotduqunkchtmangdng inmtchiu.
Rtothnglthpkhihocthplghptrnrngtcrngrnhkhngc
dyqun.Khichodnginmtchiuvodyqunkchtttrngsinhhnh
v,ngsctsitlirtovostatothnhtkhpknquavmyvstatoth
haitrvlirto,trnmibmtcastatohayrtochcmtcctnhnntagi
lloicctnhngnht.Khirtoquayttrngpmchvcxemnhtng
cahaithnhphn:thnhphnB0 ctrskhngivkhngchuynngsovi
statodokhngsinhrascinngcmngtrndyqunstato,thnhphnth
haiphnbhnhSincbin

Bmax -Bmin
vchuynngcngvirtoscmng
2

trongdyqunphnngscinngctns:
F2 =Z2n
TrongZ2 :srngcarto.
n2 :tcquay(v/sec).

Hnh4.11.Ttrngkhe hcaMFcmngtnscao.
7.ngcbc
ngcbcl loingccdngbini cc lnh chodidng
xunginthnhsdchchuyndtkhotvgchayngthngnhlbctng
bcmkhngcncmbinphnhi.
T r a n g |62

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

ngc lm vicphi c km theobichiuin tdng chuyn i

cccundyiukhincangcbcvithtvtnstutheolnhcho.
Gcquaytnghpcarotorngcbctngngchnhxcvislnchuyni
cc cundy iu khin, chiuquayph thuc theo th t chuyni, tc quay
phthuctnschuyni.Nhvytrongtrnghptngqutcthxemngc
bc vibiu khini chiuin tnh lmththng iu chnh tn s ca
ngcngbvikhnngnhvtrgcxoayrotor,tclbngcchthayitn
schonkhng.
ngcbccsdngnhiutrongcchthngiukhintng,thd
trong cc my cng c iu khin theo chng trnh, trong ccthitb ca k thut
mytnhTrongcchthngtrn,ngcbccsdnghocthchins
truynngtheochngtrnhiukhinccccuthahnhnhnhimvngc
chphnh,hocnhlmtphntphbiniccmxungthnhtnhiuiuch
chomththngno.
Vinhimvvchcnngnitrn,ngcbcihinhngyucuring
vkthut,ngoinhngyucuchung:
Cbcchuyndchb.
Momentngbholnmbocsaisgcnhnhtkhi
thchinbcdichuyn.
Khngtchlusaiskhitngsbc.
Tcngnhanh.
Lmvicbomkhiccundyiukhintnht.
ngcvcbiukhinichiuccutongin.
Tutheocuto,ngcbccnhngloinh:
Chthhaynglc.
Thunnghchhaykhngthunnghch.
Cmtstatorhaynhiustator.
C mt hay nhiu cun dy iu khin (qun tp trung hoc qun
ri).
Rotor phn khng (khng c dy qun) v rotor tc dng (c dy
qunkchthchhocnamchmvnhcu).
Rotorhnhahayrotormchin.
Bcdchchuynxoayhay dchchuynthngtrctip
7.1.

ng c bc nam chm vnh cu (Permanent magnet

steppermotor)
Cutrctiubiucangcbcnamchmvnhcuctrnhby Hnh
4.12.ylngc4pha,miphaquntrn2ccstator.Statortrongthitkny
phic8cc.Rotorbngnamchmvnhcuctrcthnghngviccstator11.
Ncgivtrny,khitdnginI1 vopha1thccstator1ctho
nhccnam,cnccstator1cthonhccbc.Chchiudyqunto
radngthony.tdnginI4 vopha4,cctho44hnhthnh(I1 cct
ra).Khilcthotcngtnghvittrngrotorsinhramomentngb
xoayrotor1gc450,theochiukimngh,ccbcrotornccstator4.Ln
lt a dng in I3, I2 (mi pha 1 ln) vo pha 3, pha 2. Khi rotor xoay theo
T r a n g |63

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

chiukimnghmibc450.rotorxoaytiplnltaI1,I
4,I3,I
2 vopha1,
4,3,2nhngchiudnginili.Nhvynguniukhinlloiicc.Sau
milnxoay1800,dng iniukhinichiu.
Nhvytrnhtiukhinchongctintheochiukimnghl1432.
chongctinngcchiukimnghtrnhtiukhinphicongcli
1234.

Hnh4.12:Cutrcng cbcnamchmvnhcu.
Ccthngstnhton:
ZR :SrngRotor.
ZS :SrngStator.
m:Spha.
tR =

3600
:BcrngRotor().
ZR

tS =

3600
:BcrngStator().
ZS
tr
360 0
=
= t r -ts (/bc).
m m.ZR

qS =

RS =
X=

360 0
=ZR.m:Sbc/vng(bc/vng).
qS

ZS
:Srngstatortrnpha.
m

Nutnsxungiukhinlfvngcdchchuyn1bctngngvi 1
xungthtcngcctnh:
n=

q f
60f
60f
=
= S (vng/pht).
6
RS
ZR .m

Thd:TnhccthngstR,t
S, qS,RS ivingchnh1:
T r a n g |64

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Bcrngrotorcangcl:
tr =

3600
3600
=
=1800
ZR
2

Bcrngstatorcangcl:
ts =

3600
3600
=
=450
ZS
8

Mibcngcquay
qS =

360 0
3600
=
=450
4.2
m.ZR

Sbcngcquaytrongmtvng
RS =ZR.m=2.4=8bc/vng
7.2.ngcbcttrbini1tng(singlestackvariable reluctance
steppermotor)
CutocangcnyctrnhbyHnh4.13.Rotorvstatorcch
tobng vt liu t. ng c c3pha,miphac qun trn 4cchay rng ca
stator.Vdpha1cquntrncc1,4,7,10castator.Statorc12rngvrotor
c16 rng.Ccngc cc tnhcquntheo chiungc li tos cnbng
giatthngvovrakhirotor.GisdnginI1 tvopha1v4rngrotor
inhvirng1,4,7,10castator.Tthngivorotortrngstator4,10,vra
khi rotor qua rng1, 7, t thng khp kn qua khung stator, c th thy rng nh
rngstator4lccbcvnhrnginhvirngstator4lccnam(cmng).
Sphnccnyphitntichophptthnglnnhtquakhehgiahairng
inh.Tngtcho2phacnli.
rotor tin 1 bc theo chiu kim ng h th 3 pha c qun trn rng
stator2,5,8,11c tdng inI3 vovdng inI1 cct.Bygidong
scchnngictdnlnnhthayttrbnhtnnxuthinmomentphn
khngkorngrotorgnrngstator2,5,8,11nhtvovtrnh.lccrng
rotora,d,b,c,inhviccrngtngng2,5,8,11castator.Ktqurotor
mtvtrcnbngmi.NudnginI2 tiptheoavopha2,I3 bctthrotors
bcthm1bcnatheochiukimngh.

T r a n g |65

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Nhvytrnht1321chorotorngctintheochiukimngh.Mun
rotorquayngclitrnhtkchthchl1231.Ngunkchthchlloincc.

Hnh4.13:Cutongcbcttrbini,1tng(3pha).
Gcbccarotor qscxcnhnhsau:
ZR :SrngRotor.
ZS :SrngStator.
m:Spha.
tr =

3600
:BcrngRotor().
ZR

ts =

3600
:BcrngStator().
ZS

qS =

tr
360 0
=
= t r -ts (/bc).
m m.ZR

3600
RS =
=ZR.m:Sbc/vng:(bc/vng).
qS

X=

Z
Rs
Z
= R = s :Srngstatortrn1pha.
m(m1)
m1 m

n=

q f
60f
60f
=
= S :Tc(vng/pht).
RS
ZR .m
6

Thd:Tnhccthngstr,ts, qS,RS ivingcHnh4.13:

Bcrngrotorcangcl:
tr =

3600
3600
=
=22.50
ZR
16
T r a n g |66

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Bcrngstatorcangcl:
ts =

3600
3600
=
=300
12
ZS

Mibcngcquay
qS =

3600
360 0
=
=7.50
3.16
m.ZR

Sbcngcquaytrongmtvng
RS =ZR.m=16.3=48bc/vng
7.3.ngcbcttrbininhiutng:(Multistackvariable
reluctancesteppermotor)
ngcbcttrbinicthcnhiutng.Thngthngl2,3,4hay
nhiutnghnna.Mttngcxemnh1pha.Hnh4.14trnhby cutoca
ngcbcttrbini3pha(3tng).Statorcamitngc4cc,miccc3
rng.Trongmitngsrngrotorvstatorgingnhau.Rngca3rotorcvtrt
gingnhaunhngrngcastatortlchnhau1/3bcrng.Theohnh3rngrotor
vstatortng1inh,rngrotorvstatortng3lchnhau100 (cutostatortng2
xoay1gc100 sovistatortng1),tngtrngrotorvstatortng3lchnhau200
(statorxoay1gc200 ivistatortng1hay1gc100 ivistatortng2).Rng
ca3rotornmtrncngtrcvthnghng.

Hnh4.14:Cutongc bcttrbini,3tng(3pha).
ZR =ZS =12, qi = qS =100.
Gclchca2tngknhau qi,xcnhnhsau:
T r a n g |67

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

qi =

tr
3600
=
= qS ()
m ZR.m

Trong:
tr :bcrngcarotor,tr =

3600
ZR

ZR :Srngcarotorcngnhstator.
m:sphahaystng.
TrongtrnghptrnZR =12,m=3,do qi =100.
Nguynllmviccangcnhsau:
Gisbanutdnginiukhinvotng1thrngrotorvstatorca
tng1inh(dotthngchnngicttrbnht).Lcnyrngrotorv
statortng2lchnhau100,rngrotorvstatortng3lchnhau200.tdngin
iukhinvotng2,dnginiukhintng1cct.Rotorbc1gc100
rngrotorvstatortng2inh.Lcnyrngrotorvstatortng3lchnhau100.
Tiptctdnginiukhinvotng3,dng iniukhintng2cct.
Rotorbcthm1gc100 rngrotorvstatortng3inh.Lcnyrngrotor
vstatortng1lchnhau100.Tiptctdnginiukhinvotng1,qutrnh
lpli.Ktqurotortintheochiukimnghvitrnhtiukhin1231.
Tngqut,trcngcstin1bcrngtr trongmbc.Muntrcngc
bctheochiungclitrnhtiukhincoli1321.Nguniukhin
lncc.Muncgcbcnhhncthsdng,phngthciukhinnh
ngcxung.
Vdphngphpiukhin6nhphay6k.
Nhp1:kchthchtng1.
Nhp2:kchthchtng1v2.
Nhp3:kchthchtng2.
Nhp4:kchthchtng2v3.
Nhp5:kchthchtng3.
Nhp6:kchthchtng3v1.
Lpliqutrnhtrn,rotorbctheochiukimngh.Minhprotorbc
1gc50.Phngthciukhinnygilphngthciukhinnabc,y
cskchthch1phav2pha.Phngthcnygcbcbng1nagcbcthng
thng.

T r a n g |68

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Qutrnhtmttnhsau:
Nhpiukhin Dng intvocun
iukhin

Gcxoayrotor

S1

00

S1vS2

50

S2

100

S2vS3

150

S3

200

S3vS1

250

S1

300

7.4.ngcbchnhp(HybridStepperMotor).
ngc bchnhp cc tnhcang cbcnamchm vnh cuv
ngcbcttrbini.Cutotiubiucacangcny(Hnh4.15)gm
c haiphn. Miphn gm c rng rotor v cc cc stator (cng nh rng) c dy
quntrnn.CutochititcastatorvrotorcamiphnctrnhbyHnh
4.16.

Hnh4.15.Cutongcbchnhp.

Hnh4.16.Cutochititcastatorvrotor.
Zr =30,Zs =24, qi =tr =60, qs =qi =30.
T r a n g |69

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Srngtrnstatorvrotorcamiphnlkhcnhau.PhnAvBccuto
ging nhau. Tuy nhin, rngstator cami phn ct thnghngnhauv rng
rotorca2phn ctlchnhaubcrngrotor.Trongthitknybcrng
t
2

rotortr =360/30=120. Vthrotorca2phntlchnhau1gc60 (qi = r ).

Ccdyqunphatrnstatorcbtrxenknhautrnccccca2phn.
Pha1cquntrnccccstator1,3,5,7caphnAvtrncccc2,4,6,8trn
cccccaphnB.Pha2cbtrtrncccc2,4,6,8trnmiphn.
Namchmvnhcugia2phn(ctrctrngvitrcrotor)sthorotor
phnAnhccbcvrotorcaphnBnhccnam,cncccccastatorct
ho bidng in trn cc dy qun pha. Chiu ca t thng qua cc cc t stator
cxcnhdavochiuthotrncccctcphthucvochiudngin
trnccdyqunpha.
KhitdnginI1 cchiunhhnh5vopha1.CcrngrotorcaphnA
sinhviccrngstatorcacc1,5vccrngrotorcaphnBsinh
viccrngstatorcacc3v7.Chiuicatthngtrongmchcchiunhhnh
6:tthngtccbc canamchmvnhcuivorotorcaphnAvrikhi
rotorquaccccstator1,5,sauiquagngstatorriivorotorcaphnBqua
ccccstator3,7,cuicngtthngkhpknquacctnamcanamchmvnh
cu.Vichiuicatthngnhtrnthttrngtrnnamchmvnhcusc
tngcng(momenttng).

Hnh4.17.Chiutthngtrnmchtkhipha1ccpngun.

T r a n g |70

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Nh
p

I1

I2

Tthngi Tthngi
raphnA vophnB
cc:
cc:

1,5

3,7

4,8

2,6

3,7

1,5

2,6

4,8

1,5

3,7

PhnA

PhnB

Hnh4.18.Trnhtiukhin4nhipcangcbchnhp.
ngctin1bctheochiukimnghthdnginI2 ctvo
pha2(I1 cngtra).Khiyccrngrotormuensinhviccrngstator
T r a n g |71

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

cc4,8caphnAvcc2,6caphnB.VidnginI2 nhtrnthcccc4,
8 v2, 6c tho c chiu khc vi chiu thoc tobidngin I1.
khcphciunytaphiochiuI1 chiuthoctoracngchiunhau.
Trnhtiukhin4nhpctrnhbynhHnh4.18.ngcquaytheochiu
kimng hth trnh tiu khin l1+,2, 1,2+,1+. ng cquay theochiu
ngclitrnhtphioli.Khitrcngcquaycmtbcrngrotortrong
4nhpthgcbcbng trhoccthctnhtheobiuthcsau:
qS =

tr 360 90
=
=
4 4Zr
Zr

= t s -tr
Nh trnh by phn trn m bo chiu t thng theo yu cu iu
khinthdnginiukhintrnccphaphilloilngcc.Vvycnphic
2 ngun iu khin ring bit (iu khin lng cc). Trong thc t do iu khin
bng2ngunringbitkhngkinhtnnthngsdngiukhinbng1ngun
(iukhinncc).
Skhcnhaugiaiukhinnccvlngcclccbdyquntrn
cccctstator.Nudyquntrncccctstatorlloincc(chcmtcun
dycquntrnmtcct)thnguniukhinphilloilngcc.Ngcli
nudyquntrncccctstatorlloilngcc(c2cundycquntrn
mtcctvcchiungcnhau)thnguniukhinlloincc.Hnh4.19a
btrnhbydyqunloinccvlngcc.

Hnh4.19.Cutocundydngnccvlngcc.
TrlivingcHnh4.16nhngnguniukhinlloinccvv
th cc dy qun trn cc cc t stator c thay bng loi dy qun c 2 cc tnh
(nhHnh4.19b).Khiytthng1 scthaybng2tthng 1+ v1,vi
1+ cchiunh1 (chiunhhnhv)v1 cchiungcli.Vicchthayi
nhtrntatoc4pha,ccphanyckchthchbng1ngunduynht.
Hnh4.20trnhbyschuynmchngunnccvlngcc(4.20ab)
cngvitrnhtiukhinngctheochiukimngh.ngcquaytheo
chiungclithtrnhtiukhinphioli.

T r a n g |72

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Nhp

S1+

S1

S2+

4
1

S2

X
X

Nhp

S1+

S1
X

X
X

(c)

X
X
X
X

(d)

Nhip

S1+

S1

S2+

S2
X

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

S2
X

2
4

S2+

X
X
X

X
X

(e)
Hnh4.20
Nguniukhinncc.
Nguniukhinlngcc.
Trnhtiukhinbcvi1phackchthch.
Trnhtiukhinbcvi2phackchthchngthi.
Trnhtiukhinnabclskthptrnhtiukhincvd.

T r a n g |73

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

7.5.iukhinngcbc
a.iukhintcquaycangcbc
ngcbccthquayvibtktcnotronggiit0vng/phtn
gitrccichophp.
Do tnhcht cbit,ng cbc cth dngtngt bt k v tr no
trong phn gii ca gcbc khiangquay vi bt k tcno trongdi cho
php. V vy ng c t khi c dng cho cc thit b cn quay vi tc u (
trnghpnytasdngccloingckhcnginhn)mncsdng
chyuiukhinthchnghi,nghaltcquaybinilintc,thmchng
cphidngvngyn vtrbmst.
Vil,vntcquaycangcbcthnglunchiulvntctrung
bnh.
Giistrongthigiant(giy)tathchinnlndchbc(milndchmt
bc)thtnsdchbclf=n/t.
Gisgcbccangcl q0 thtcmtvngquaytaphicho
ngcquay3600/ q0 bcquay.
VntctrungbnhVcangcbctrongthigiantgiyl:
n q
q
(vng/giy)
V = .
= f.
t 360
360

Hay

V = f .

q
(vng/giy)
60

Viciukhinvntcngcbccthchinbngcchthayitns
dch bc f. Lu rng tn s dch bc f trong trng hp tng qut khng ng
nhtvitnsccxungiukhin,mlthpcasbinicasbinicc
trngthicaccxunginiukhin.Vvy viciukhinnythngc
thc hin bi cc b vi x l. Nhn vo th mmen vn tc ca ng c bc
thngtacththyrngvntcdi5vng/giy(300vng/pht),ngccngi
cmmenccitrnvntcnymmencangcsbgimdntheochiu
tngvntc.Doviclachntitrngvvntcquaycciphictnhton
trckhithitkhtruynngsdngngcbc.
Mtyutrtquantrngivingcbclvntctcthi,vntcny
phinhhnvntcquaycci ctnhtonvimttitrngchotrc.
GiTcblthigiangiahailnchuynbclintip,tcngthc(28)tatnh
cvntctcthiVt :
Vt =

q
(vng/giy)
360.Tcb

ThigianTcb khngnhtthitphicnhnhngphimboiukin:
Tcb >

q
360.Vmax

Vdvi q =1,80,Vmax =15vng/giy(9000vng/pht)

ThTcb >0,33ms,cngcnghaltnschuynbcf<3kHz.

T r a n g |74

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

b.iukhinchiuquaycangcbc
Chiuquay ca ng cmt chiu cth thay ibng ccho chiudng
incpvo.
ivingcbc,chiuquaynhnchungkhngngnhtvichiudng
incpchocccundymnphthucthtchuyndchccbc.Chnghn,
rotordangvtrbcthnnutacpinsaochonchuynsangvtrbcth
(n+1)thngcquayphinutacpinsaochorotorchuynsangvtrbcth
(n1)th ngcquaytri.Btoxungiukhinsthchinvicny.
Chiuquaycangcbccxcnhbngthtchuyndchcctrng
thicpincacccundystator.ivingchaipha,nuiukhincbc
c4trngthicpinnuiukhinnabc,sc8trngthicpin.
i ving c4pha,nu cp xung1 ccth cngc4 v8 trng thi cp
invocccundychohaitrnghpiukhincbcvnabc.Bng1nu
cctrngthicpintheocchnginnhtcho4cundypha.
Bng1.Trngthicpinccphacangc4pha.
Trng
thi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cundy
Cun1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
Cun2
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
Cun3
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
Cun4
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
Trongbng:tngngvicccttrngthi,nonhs1lcundy
ccpxungin1cc,nonhs0lcundykhngccpin.
Nuiukhincbcthchc4trngthi:1,3,5v7hoc2,4,6v8.
Nuiukhinnabccc8trngthitrn.
Khixcnhcchcpinnhtrn,tronglchotng,ngcbcch
cth8trngthinnh,ngoirakhngcntrngthinnhnokhc.Mi
lndchchuyntrngthicpinsangtrngthilinkthngcdchchuynmt
bc(bchaybcna).
Nuchiudchchuynttrisangphithngcquayphi,ngclinu
chiudchchuyntphisangtrith ngcquaytri.
Tbng1ctharamtchhtscquantrng:trongqutrnhhotng
(quayhaygi)thtnhtmtcundyphaphiccpin.Nuttccccun
dykhngccpin(trngthiturnof)throtorsquaytrn,cnghalnu
tigyrammenquaythrotorngcsbquaybilcbnngoi.Ngclimun
dng lcngoi thay i v tr ti thphiangc v trng thi turnof. Tm
quantrngcachnycnnmch:htruynngngcbcskhnghot
ngngcnutaiukhinnlunhaitrngthiturnofvdchbc,m
phiiukhinhaichgivdchbc,cnghalbtbucphicpincho
cundyphakckhihdngvlchchuynng.Vnctlicaviciu
khinngcbclcpinlcngcdnggi.Doslsailmlnnuta
chcpxungiukhinlcngcquaycndngthkhngcpxungiukhin.

T r a n g |75

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

7.6.Mchiukhinngcbc
Mchtoxung
SdngmchdaongnndngvimchIC555.
SmchinnhHnh4.21

Hnh4.21.SnguynlcaIC555
inpcpt318V,dngngralnn200mA(loiBJT),100mA(loi
CMOS).
Ccchncavimchctrnhbynhhnhvtrngm8chn.
TacdngsngngvovngracaIC555nh Hnh4.22

Hnh4.22.GinsngcangraIC555.
KhitCnpvihngsthigianlnp
np=(R1+R2).C
Thigiannptnp=0,69.np
KhitCxvihngsthigianlx
x =R2.C
Thigianxtx =0,69.x
Vychukxungvtnsl:
T=tnp+tx =0,69.(np+x )
Suyratns:

f =

1
T

VimchgiimIC4017
SccchncaIC4017ctrnhbynhHnh4.33

T r a n g |76

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Hnh4.33.SchcnngvchncaIC4017
TrongccngratO0 nO9 (tngngchn324710156911).
Chn13cpxungclock(tchccmcthp)
Chn14cpxungclock(tchccmccao)
Chn15lchnmasterreset,tchccmccao.
Chn12lccarryngratchccmcthp.
cimcaIC4017lkhitacpngunVcc choIChotngnhngchac
xungclockngvothccngra umc0(ccngtO0nO9 ).Nhngkhic
xungclockcpvothngracaICtimithiimchoramtngmccao1,
cnlith mc0.CcxungcpvothlnltccngratO0 nO9 scholn
mc1.
Ccarryschuyntrngthitmc0xungmc1khiccngradcht
Oo nO9 vbtumli.

T r a n g |77

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Bngtrngthinhsau:
MR

CP0

/CP1

Hotngngra

O0=/O59 =HO1 nO9

=L

Xungcnhxung

Xungcnhln

Khngthayi

Khngthayi

Xungcnhln

Khngthayi

Xungcnh
xung

Khngthayi

Trong:

Hlmccao
Llmcthp
Xltunh.
Bchuynmchint

(a)

(b)
Hnh4.34.Bchuynmchint.
T r a n g |78

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

CckhiA,B,C,Dlcckhongm,dngochiudngin.Cc
khoinnyhotngtheotngcpAD,BCvciukhinthngquabvi
mchiukhin.
Cckhihnhvungckhiulccbiukhincnhimvngm
thchhpcccngtccungcpdnginchongcquaytheochiuthchhp.
Biukhinnythngthnglccmytnhhaythitbiukhincthlptrnh
viccphnmm.
a.iukhinbc
Giithiumchiukhinngcbcbnpha(L1,L2,L3,L4)nhsau.
Ginxungiukhinngcbc:

Bngtrngthiiukhinngcbc:
Xungclock

L1

L2

L3

L4

T r a n g |79

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Mchiniukhindngvimchs.

Hnh4.35.Mchiniukhinbcngcbc4pha.
Hotngcamchiukhin.
KhiIC555cungcpxungclockvoIC4017thngayxungutinthngra
Q0sxutramc1cnccngkhcthmc0.Q0kchchotransistorT1 dnv
ngthiiukhincundyL1 cangchotng.Tiptcxungclockthhai
thQ2xutramc1vtngttransistorT2 dnvngthicundyL2 cang
chotng.GisnhlcukhiL1 cinthrotorvtr1khicundyth2
cin,L1 ngtinthrotorsquaycmtgc.
Vtngtnhtrnkhicxungclockcpvothlnltngraxutramc
1thttQ0nQ3vlpli,ngcsdchgcquaythttL1 nL4.
b.iukhinnabc
Ginxungiukhinnabc.

T r a n g |80

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Bngtrngthiiukhin.

Xungclock

L1

L2

L3

L4

Mchiukhindngvimchs.

Hnh4.36.Mchiukhinnabcngcbc4pha.
V hot ngcamch gingnhbngtrng thi. Lcny ng cbc s
dchgcbcnhhnbc.

T r a n g |81

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

Nungcbctrnmiphaquntrnhaicccastatorthlcnymch
iukhinphidngbchuynimchnhhnh14anhtrn.Mchincth
nhsau:

Hnh4.37.Mchiniukhinngcbc2pha
(miphaquntrnhaicccastator).
iukhinngcbccnhiucchiukhinnhngiukhinthunli
v c cu hnh gnnhnht trong iu khin ny l s dng Microcontroller. Nh
Microcontroller89C51,89S52,.
Giithiuviiukhin89S52

Hnh4.38. Schn89S52

T r a n g |82

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

CUHINTP.
1.ngcbcNCvnhcu.
1. Trnhby cimcutocaCbcNCvnhcu?
2. TisaonguniukhinCbcNCvnhculngunc2cctnh?
3. CthiukhinCbcNCvnhcuvingunmtcckhng?
4. CbcNCvnhcugcbcphthucvoccyutno?
5. CbcNCvnhcucthlmvicchnabckhng?
6. iviCbcNCvnhcugimbcquaycththchinbngcch
no?
7. RotorCbcNCvnhculloicclihayccn?
8. RotorCbcNCvnhcuclmtvtliug?
9. iviCbcNCvnhcuccphacthckchthchnhthno?
10. Nusrngstatortng2ln(sphakhngi)thgcbcsthayinh
thno?
11. ngcbcNCvnhcuc:ZR =2,ZS=8,m=4thgcbcbngbao
nhiu?
12. ngcbcNCvnhcuc:ZR =2,ZS=8,m=4 thscstatortrong1
phabngbaonhiu?
2.ngcbcttrbini 1tng.
1. Trnhby cimcutocaCbcttrbini1tng?
2. i vi C bc t trbin i1tng cc pha c thc kchthchng
thikhng?Tisao?
3. NguniukhinCbcttrbini1tnglloincchaylngcc?
4. imkhcnhaugiaCbcttrbini1tngviCbcNCvnhcu
lg?
5. Rotorngcbcttrbini1tngclmtvtliug?
6. GcbccaCbcttrbini1tng qS cthtnhbngbiuthcno
?
7. SbctrnvngcaCbcttrbini1tngRs cthctnhbng
biuthcno?
8. DnrabiuthcbiudinmiquanhgiaX,Rs,Np.
9. VitbiuthcxcnhtcCbcttrbini1tng.
10. CcphacaCbcttrbini1tngcthckchthchclphay
ringl?
11. Cbcttrbini1tngcm=3,ZR =16,ZS =12thgcbc q S
bngbaonhiu?
12. Cbcttrbini1tngcm=3,ZR =16,ZS =12thbcrngrotorv
statorlbaonhiu?

T r a n g |83

GiotrnhMy incbitNguynTrngThng

3. ngcbcttrbininhiutng.
1. Trnhby cimcutocaCbcttrbininhiutng?
2. HynunhngimgingvkhcnhaucaCbcttrbini1tngv
nhiutng.
3. GclchgiacctngtrongCbcttrbininhiutnglbaonhiu?
4. NguniukhinCbcttrbininhiutnglloincchaylng
cc?
5. RotorvstatorCbcttrbininhiutngclmtvtliug?
6. Cu to rng stator v rotor cc tng caC bc t trbininhiu tng
gingnhauhaykhcnhau?
7. VtrstatorcctngcaCbcttrbininhiutngcbtrnhthno
?
8. VtrrotorcctngcaCbcttrbininhiutngcbtrnhth
no?
9. Cctng(pha)ca Cbcttrbininhiutng cthlmvicclphay
ringl?
10. XcnhgclchgiacctngcaCbcttrbininhiutngkhi:ZR
=12,ZS =12,m=3.
4.ngcbchnhp
1. Trnhby cimcutocaCbchnhp?
2. Hy nu nhng im ging v khc nhau ca C bc t tr bin i nhiu
tngvCbchnhp.
3. Gclchrotorgia2tnglintipcxcnhnhthno?
4. NgunKCbchnhptuthucyutno?
5. RotorvstatorChnhpclmtvtliug?
6. Cu to rng stator v rotor cc tng ca C bc hn hp ging nhau hay
khcnhau?
7. Vtrstatorcctngca Cbchnhp cbtrnhthno?
8. Vtrrotorcctngca Cbchnhp cbtrnhthno?
9. Gclchrotor qi gia2tngca Cbchnhp ctnhbngbiuthcno?
10. Ccphaca Cbchnhpcthlmvicngthihayringl?
11. Nguniukhin Cbchnhplncchaylngcc?
12. XcnhgclchrotorgiacctngcaCbchnhpkhi:ZR =30,ZS =
24,m=2.

T r a n g |84