CCH PHIN CHUYN A DANH

T TING PA C TA I THA THIN HU SANG TING VIT

Trn Vn Sng
(ThS. Trng i hc Ph Xun, TP.Hu
Nghin cu sinh Vin Ngn ng hc)
1. Dn nhp
1.1. Vit Nam l mt quc gia a dn tc, a ngn ng v vn ho. Trong ,
ngi Kinh chim i a s nn ting Vit c xem l ting ph thng, ngn ng
giao tip chung gia cc cng ng tc ngi trong quc gia a dn tc thng nht.
V vy, vn tip xc v vay mn gia ting Vit v cc ngn ng dn tc thiu s
l ph bin v tt yu, hay ni cch khc, l mt hin tng ngn ng hc-x hi c
bit quan trng. Cc t mn l ngun b sung quan trng cho vn t ting Vit c
v s lng ln cht lng. Nhng, iu ny khng ng ngha vi s tu tin. Vay
mn t vng c nguyn tc chung, ph qut cho mi ngn ng v c nguyn tc
ring gn vi c th ngn ng-x hi ca tng ngn ng. Cc dn tc v ngn ng
thng c nhng quy tc vay mn, du nhp cc t ngoi lai cho ph hp vi nhng
quy tc ng m-m v hc, ng ngha, ng php v cc quy tc ch vit, cng nh
cc quy tc hnh m v hc ca ting m nhng t phi bn a y va khng
lm xo trn h thng ngn ng vn c ca dn tc, va m bo nhu cu thng tin
nhanh chng, chnh xc, ph hp vi tp qun, thi quen tri nhn ngn ng ca dn
tc mnh. Vn vay mn tn ring trong ting Vit, trong c a danh, khng
nm ngoi quy lut ph bin ni trn.
1.2. C th tip cn v x l hin tng vay mn gia ting Vit v cc ngn
ng dn tc thiu s trn nhiu phng din khc nhau. Trong bi vit ny, chng ti
ch xem xt, t vn phin chuyn1 cc a danh dn tc sang ting Vit, c th
l cc a danh t ting Pa c (Pc), Ta i (To), ngn ng ca mt trong nhng dn tc
sinh sng lu i nht trn min t A Li, dn tc Ta i, c dn ni ngn ng dng
Mn Kh me, thuc ng h Nam . Qua h thng a danh dn tc ghi dng
nguyn ng, chng ti tin hnh phin chuyn v bc u rt ra mt s xut c
tnh gii php, gip cho vic giao tip, tip nhn thng tin cng nh tri nhn mi loi
hnh vn bn ting Vit mt cch chun xc.

Vn vit v c tn ring ting dn tc trong ting Vit lin quan trc tip n cc qui tc ng m cng nh cc
qui tc chnh t ca ch quc ng. Trong bi vit ny, chng ti s dng khi nim phin chuyn a danh dn tc
sanng ting Vit vi ngha: kt hp phin m (transcription) ln chuyn t (transliteration). Khi nim chuyn t c
chng ti s dng cho cc loi ch vit cng h La-tinh v khc h La-tinh.

2. Thc trng vn phin chuyn a danh t ting dn tc sang ting

Vit nc ta hin nay
Vn phin chuyn tn ring ni chung, a danh ni ring, t ting dn tc
thiu s sang ting Vit c cc nh nghin cu cp t lu. ng ch l
nhng xut ca cc tc gi Hong Th Chu, T Vn Thng, V Xun Qu, on
Vn Phc, Nguyn Vn Khang, L Trung Hoa, Tuy nhin, nhng tc gi khc
nhau v vo nhng thi k khc nhau, cch phin chuyn cc a danh dn tc sang
ting Vit li khng ging nhau1. iu ny cho thy s khng thng nht trong cch
ghi cc a danh dn tc trn bn v cc vn bn ting Vit. y l mt thc trng
ng lo ngi cho vic gi gn s trong sng ca ting Vit, i hi mt gii php
thng nht trong vic chun ho chnh t a danh dn tc trong vn bn ting Vit.
Qua vic tin hnh thng k, kho st 345 a danh trn cc n phm xut
bn (Bn Qun s 1982, Bn Qun s 2007, Bn a l tng hp Tha
Thin Hu 2009 v mt s sch bo a phng) v trc tip ghi m nguyn ng
cng nh truy tm ngha ca cc a danh dn tc, chng ti nhn thy tnh hnh
phin chuyn a danh Pc, To sang ch quc ng ang c mt thc trng khng thng
nht v tu tin cao:
- Cng mt a danh dn tc nhng c vit bng nhiu kiu khc nhau trong
ting Vit: Ta Lou- Talu- T Lu- TALU; Atine- Atin- A Tin; Ta L- Ta Lo; Ta Ry- Ta
Ru- T Ru- T Ru; A rong- A Rong; A Rom- A Rm; A Pung- A Bung; A Ko- A
Co; A Rum C Lng- A Rum Ca Lng- A Rum Lng,
- Vit hoa tu tin v khng thng nht, khng theo mt chun tc chnh t no
trong khi phin chuyn cc a danh dn tc nh: vit lin cc m tit trong t a tit,
vit ri c gch ni hay khng c gch ni, Chng hn: Ta Lu- TALU- Talu; Ha
Cp- HACOP; A sp- A SP- Asap; .
- C nhiu a danh dn tc c ghi theo cch Php ho, Hn Vit ho khng
thng nht, to nn nhng cch ghi sai lch v khng ng chnh t ch quc ng:
ni Atine, ni Ta lou, ng Hagier, ng Diuon, ni Vi Xi Na, ni MaiBar, i A
Shau,

V qui nh chnh t tn ring ting nc ngoi v dn tc thiu s, cho n nay, c ba vn bn ng ch : a) Mt s

qui nh v chnh t trong sch gio khoa ci cch gio dc ca B Gio dc k ngy 30-11-1980; b) Qui nh v
chnh t ting Vit v v thut ng ting Vit (ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 240/Q ngy 5-3-1984 ca B Gio
dc); c) Quy tc chnh t ting Vit v phin chuyn ting nc ngoi, 7/2000 ca Hi ng Quc gia ch o bin
son T in Bch khoa Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, cn c ti Tin ti chun ho cch vit tn ring ting dn tc thiu
s trong vn bn ting Vit ca Hi Ngn ng hc thuc Hi Lin hip Khoa hc v K thut Vit Nam(2001). ng
ch l, nhng xut v chnh t tn ring nc ngoi, trong c tn ring dn tc, ca nhng qui nh trn vn
khng t c s thng nht chung.

Nh vy, s a dng v khng thng nht trong cch phin chuyn cc a

danh Pc, To sang ting Vit ni trn c th qui v cc kiu dng thng gp nht sau
y:
2.1. Phin m khng thng nht
Phin m l cch ghi cc a danh dn tc sang ting Vit c nhiu nh xut
bn, cc c quan thng tn bo ch v cc loi vn bn hnh chnh, bn trong nc
p dng. H nghe c m thanh ca a danh dn tc nh th no th dng ch quc
ng ghi chp, phin m li nh vy theo ng qui tc chnh t ch vit hin hnh.
iu ng ni y l, khng phi ai cng c nhng hiu bit su sc v ting dn
tc v c kh nng nghe, thm m chnh xc ng m a danh nguyn ng la
chn nhng k t thng nht cho vic phin m sang ch quc ng nn mi xy ra
trng hp cng mt a danh dn tc nhng li c phin bng nhiu dng khc
nhau trong ting Vit, dn n tnh trng khng nht qun trong cch phin chuyn.
a) Phin m khng thng nht a hay
a danh Pc, To
ngha gc
a danh Vit
Taham
lm cho chy mu
Ta Ham, T Hm
Arum klng
ng, nhiu
A Rum Ca Lng,
A Rum C Lng,
A Rum Lng
Prang
n tn ni, tn ch
Ba Rng, B Rng, Ba Ran
b)Phin m khng thng nht k hay c
Kakuq
g (lng)
Ka C- Ca C- Ca Ct
Kava
rang, chin
Ka Va- Ca Va
c) Phin m khng thng nht d hay
Dut
tc nghn
t- Dut- Dt
Patdh
li gp nhau
Pa u- Pa Du- Pa t
d) Phin m khng thng nht p hay b
Abung
cy l
A Bung- A Pung
Kapng
m p, che y
C Pung- C Bung
Pleng
thing ling
Pa Leng- P leng- Ba Leng
e) Phin m khng thng nht a hay
Pi-i
tn dng h king tht ch
Pi y, Pi Ay, Phi y
Ta-i
lm cho au
T Ay, Ta Ay, T y
g) Ghi thanh iu khng thng nht
Rlok
lm cho tho ri
A L Lc, A L Lc, L lc
3

Atng
mt loi ma ngon ngt A Tng- A Tng- A Tng
Nh vy, vic phin m a danh t ting Pc, To sang ting Vit hin nay cn
nhiu kiu dng khc nhau. S thiu nht qun ny c th gii thch c t cch
thm m a danh ting dn tc ghi bng ch quc ng thiu chun xc, do kin
thc ngn ng dn tc ca nhng ngi to lp vn bn ting Vit khc nhau.
2.2. Chuyn t khng thng nht
C ch vit Pc - To ln ch quc ng u thuc h ch La-tinh. Song c s
khc nhau v c im ng m ca hai ngn ng nn gi tr ca cc con ch cng
khc nhau. Trong qu trnh Vit ho (quc ng ho) cc a danh ting Pc - To xy
ra tnh trng chuyn t khng thng nht. C th qui v hai dng chnh:
2.2.1. Chuyn t nguyn ng
Ch vit La-tinh ca a danh ting Pc - To nh th no th c vit nh vy
trong ting Vit. y l trng hp chuyn hon ton ch dn tc sang ting Vit.
Chng hn:
- sui Ta-i
ni Mpao
- khe Prok
- m Aroi
- sng Alim
sng Al
o Anm
thn Atia
- Thc Anr
o Ako
- sui Achia
thn Pa-e ...
R rng, vi cch ghi nguyn dng ny s to nn nhng con ch xa l v tri
vi quy tc chnh t ch quc ng, thm ch cn gy kh khn cho vic pht m ng
cc a danh dn tc trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng.
2.2.2. Chuyn mt phn ch vit Pc - To sang ch quc ng c bt i nhng
du ph vn c trong ch vit dn tc. V d:
- i Prok
chuyn thnh
P Rok
- khe Tu Parleech
chuyn thnh
Tu Ba Lch
- cu Kruih
chuyn thnh
Crui
- thn Apq
chuyn thnh
A Pi
- thn Arh
chuyn thnh
A Roh
Cch chuyn t trn c u im l gi c gn ng ng m ting dn tc,
nhng li khng ng chnh t ch quc ng v c qu nhiu con ch cha nhp
h, c bit l cc con ch ghi t hp ph m l - mt thi quen pht m khng c
i vi ngi Vit.
2.3. Phin m kt hp vi s chuyn dch trng lp v ngha i vi cc
yu t to a danh

Trng hp dch tha trong khi phin m cc a danh dn tc sang ting

Vit khng phi l trng hp him thy trn cc vn bn ting Vit 1. S c to
nn nhng kt hp a danh c cc yu t trng lp, ng ngha trong phin chuyn
c l do khch quan t chnh nng lc v kin thc ngn ng dn tc ca ngi ghi
a danh. Do vy, trnh nhng cch vit a danh sai lch ny, ngay t u chng
ti rt xem trng vic tm hiu ngun gc v ngha cc a danh ghi m v
vit cc a danh dn tc mt cch chnh xc nht. V d:
- sng c Krng ch nn vit l sng Krng v c(Dak) ngha l nc, sng, sui.
- ni C Ta Koong ch nn vit l ni Ta koong v C(koh) ngha l ni.
Tng t, cc kiu ghi a danh ni C Ca Va, ni C Va La t, u
b xem l nhng kiu dch tha kt hp vi phin m cc a danh ting Pc - To
sang ting Vit thng thy trn bn v sch bo hin nay.
3. Vi nt tng ng v khc bit v ng m v ch vit gia ting Pa cTa i vi ting Vit dng trong phin chuyn
Mi ngn ng c mt h thng k hiu ring bit, thng nht trong h thng
cu trc. Do vy, cc ngn ng s dng nhng h thng ch vit khc nhau ghi cc
m trong cc ngn ng khc nhau. S tng ng v d bit gia h thng ng m v
ch vit gia ting Vit vi ting Pc - To, nu c, cng l iu d hiu v c th l gii
c. c c nhng nguyn tc phin chuyn a danh t ting Pc - To sang
ting Vit cng nh vit v c cc a danh bng ting Vit, chng ta cn c nhng
hiu bit nht nh v ng m v ch vit gia hai ngn ng. s l c s gip
chng ta nm vng c nhng nguyn tc phin chuyn ph hp vi nhng c
im ng m v ch vit c phin chuyn, gip vit v c ng ch quc ng
nhng khng qu xa l vi ngn ng dn tc, gip trnh c nhng sai lm ng
tic trong qu trnh phin chuyn a danh t ting dn tc sang ting Vit.
3.1. Nhng tng ng v khc bit v ng m
3.1.1. Ting T i l mt ngn ng thuc tiu loi hnh c, ngnh Mn-Kh
me, ng h Nam , c xc nh c nhng c im ng m chnh sau:
- L ngn ng cha c thanh iu, ging cc ngn ng thuc nhm Katuic
Vit Nam ni chung.
1

Vn dch tha kt hp vi phin m cc a danh dn tc thiu s sang ting Vit l hin tng ph bin, c th
gp nhiu vng a danh ting dn tc khc nhau. Chng hn, cc a danh sng Krng Kn, sng Krng Ana, sng
Krng Pk, sng Krng Hnang, ..(Krng=sng) Ty Nguyn; sui Nm Ban, ni Phu Nm Cu, ..(nm=sui,
phu=ni ) vng Ty Bc. K c a danh ting Vit: sng Hng Giang, sng Cu Long Giang, sng Ng H, sng
Trng Giang, sng Hng H, ni Honh Sn, ni Trng Sn, Xem thm: Hong Th Chu(2001), Tin ti chun
ho cch vit tn ring ting dn tc thiu s trong vn bn ting Vit( ti ca Hi Ngn ng hc Vit Nam thuc
Lin hip cc hi Khoa hc v K thut Vit Nam).

- Trong v ng m ca t (t ng m-m v hc) cn tn ti nhiu cu trc a

tit, trong m tit cui t (cn gi l m tit chnh) l m tit mang trng m t.
c im ny chng ta cng c th nhn thy cc ngn ng tiu nhm Katuic hay
Bahnaric Vit Nam.
- Tn ti kh nhiu cc kiu dng khc nhau ca tin m tit. Cc m cui
trong tin m tit phn ln l cc m nc, lng / l, r / hoc m mi / m, n, , /; mt
s tin m tit c m cui l ph m tc (do hin tng ng ha ngc ?).
- C kh nhiu t c v ng m ln hn hai m tit. M hnh t ng m ca
ting Pc - To c th c ti ba tin m tit.
- m nhn chc nng m u ca m tit chnh c th l ph m n hoc t
hp ph m.
- Cc nguyn m n c s i lp u n v trng . Cc nguyn m hi
thp v tr trc v gia thc cht l cc ph m cng khi cu m.
- H thng m cui trong m tit chnh kh phc tp. Ngoi cc ph m tc, v
thanh /-p, -t, -c, -k/ v cc m mi tng ng /m, n, , /, bn nguyn m /-j, -w/, ph
m nc, lng /-l, -r/ c chc nng m cui ging nhiu ngn ng dn tc khc, h
thng m cui trong ting Pc - To cn c cc ph m thanh hu /- , -h/, cng vi cc
t hp bn nguyn m + ph m thanh hu /- , -w/.
3.1.2. Ting Vit, mt ngn ng n lp in hnh, thuc tiu loi hnh trung,
nhm Vit-Mng, ng h Nam c xc nh c c im ng m chnh sau:
- L mt ngn ng c thanh iu (huyn, ng, nng, sc, hi, khng) vi nhng
c trng khu bit v m vc v m iu.
- Cc m tit c thc trong ting Vit u l nhng m tit c ngha v cc t
n ch c v ng m l mt m tit v u mi m tit mt ht cc t hp ph m.
- m nhn chc nng m u ca m tit ting Vit l cc ph m n, khng
c t hp ph m. Trong ting Vit phng ng Bc B c 19 ph m, k c ph
m tc thanh hu / /, v tr u m tit.
- Trong ting Vit min Bc, h thng m cui thng ch c 6 ph m: /-p,
-t, -k, -m, -n, - / v 2 bn nguyn m /w, j/.
- H thng nguyn m ting Vit gm 9 nguyn m c bn c sp xp theo
hai hng cn i: trc / i, e, , a / v sau / , u, , o, /; vi 4 nng c bn: cao

i,, u /, trung bnh / e, o /, hi thp / , , / v thp / a /. Ngoi ra, trong ting Vit
cn c 3 nguyn m i: / ie,, uo /. ????
6

3.1.3. Vi nhng c im nu trn, c th thy s khc bit c bn nht v h

thng m v v phm cht ng m ca ting Pc - To vi ting Vit nh sau:
- Mt bn l ting (Pc - To) khng c thanh iu, mt bn l ngn ng (ting
Vit) c thanh iu.
- Trong ting Pc - To, s lng t a tit chim a s; trong khi , t n tit
chim a s trong ting Vit.
- Mt bn l ngn ng c t hp ph m (PC - To), mt bn khng cn t
hp ph m(ting Vit).
- C th ni, h thng ph m u, h thng m cui, h thng nguyn m
trong ting Pc - To c s lng ln hn trong ting Vit v chng bao trm ln h
thng cc m v trong ting Vit.
C th nhn thy, vn t hp ph m l vn gy nn nhiu im thiu
nht qun nht trong cch phin chuyn a danh ting Pc - To sang ting Vit.
3.2. Nhng tng ng v khc bit v ch vit
3. 2.1. Chng ta d nhn thy s tng ng gia hai b ch vit l c ch
vit Pc - To ln ch quc u thuc h ch vit La-tinh. l cc loi ch vit ghi
m v. Cch ghi cc t theo nguyn tc ng m hc. Loi ch ny phn nh tng i
ng ng m, phn ln mi ch tng ng vi mt m, c gi tr khoa hc cao v rt
gn vi b ch ng m quc t (k hiu phin m quc t). c im cng t dng
La-tinh gia hai loi ch vit s gip cho qu trnh phin chuyn tn ring ni chung,
a danh ni ring, t ting Pc - To sang ting Vit c d dng hn rt nhiu so vi
phin chuyn cc ngn ng c ch vit khng cng h La-tinh.
3.2.2. Tuy cng h ch vit La-tinh nhng gia ch vit Pc - To vi ch quc
ng vn tn ti nhng khc bit c bn do c s khc bit v c im ng m gia
hai ngn ng: cng mt con ch (k t) c dng biu th cc gi tr ng m
khng ging nhau trong hai ngn ng. Chng hn:
- phn bit s khu bit/i lp m v hc 4 bc ca cc nguyn m trong
ting Pc - To nn b ch vit ny dng du mc ngc ghi i lp gia cc
nguyn m hi cao vi cc nguyn m hi thp; trong khi ch quc ng li s dng
du lm du ph biu th nguyn m ngn. Ngc li, ghi nguyn m ngn,
ting Pc - To s dng du sc trn cc nguyn m, ngoi tr ch , ging ch
quc ng (-, -, u-, oo-o, a-, -..).
- ghi hin tng m tc thanh hu cui m tit, ch vit Pc - To dng con
ch q biu th, cn ch quc ng khng ghi.
7

- Do ting Pc - To l ngn ng mang c im a tit v khng thanh iu, c

h thng ph m u v nguyn m kh phc tp, c rt nhiu t hp ph m cho
nn, nhiu k hiu trong b ch Pc - To khng h v/hoc khng tng ng trong ch
quc ng. Chng hn: nhn i nguyn m biu th cc nguyn m cng (ee, oo,
); cc k hiu ph m ghp (br, pl, kl); k thay cho c, k, q; g thay cho g, gh; ng thay
cho ngh, ng trong ch quc ng. Ngoi ra, ch vit Pc - To cn b sung thm cc con
ch j, y, iq, uq, ih ghi nhng ph m khng c trong ch quc ng.
3.2.3. R rng, so vi ch quc ng, b ch Pc - To c nhiu ci tin t
chnh nhng khuyt im ca ch quc ng. S khc nhau v h thng m v v
phm cht ng m ca chng trong hai ngn ng tt yu dn n nhng khc bit
trong cch ghi m v ca hai b ch cng h La-tinh. S khc bit ny xut pht t
nhiu nguyn nhn, trong c nhng nguyn nhn v mc ch chnh tr, nng lc
v gii php ca c nhn nhng ngi sng to ra hai b ch vit ni trn. Chnh
nhng khc bit v ng m v ch vit gia hai ngn ng ni trn lm ny sinh s
khng thng nht trong cch phin chuyn cc a danh t ting Pc - To sang ting
Vit hin nay.
4. Nguyn tc phin chuyn a danh t ting Pa-c T-i sang ting Vit
Cho n nay, cc nh nghin cu a ra rt nhiu gii php phin chuyn
tn ring dn tc sang ting Vit, v quan trng l vn cha c c kin thng
nht. phin chuyn cc a danh Pc - To sang ting Vit, chng ti xut nhng
nguyn tc chung v nhng nguyn tc c th, t ch ra mt s gii php phin
chuyn a danh dn tc thiu s sang ting Vit.
4.1. Nguyn tc chung
a) Phin chuyn cc a danh dn tc sang ting Vit, trc ht, phi ghi theo
cch vit v cch c ca ch quc ng, ph hp vi chun mc chnh t ting Vit,
to iu kin tt nht cho vic tip nhn thng tin trn cc phng tin truyn thng
i chng v cc loi hnh vn bn ting Vit.
b) Mi s phin chuyn u phi cn c trn c s ng m ca ting dn tc.
Trong trng hp c s chnh lch v khc bit nht nh v c im ng m ca
nguyn ng vi ting Vit th cn chn nhng n v ng m v m hc gn vi
nguyn ng to c cch c gn nht vi nguyn ng ting dn tc.
c) Mt t trong ting dn tc phi c vit ri tng m tit, c du ch, du
thanh v vit hoa ch ci u t, gia cc m tit c du gch ni, gip cho ngi
c bit cch ngt nhp ng ch, chnh xc hoc gn vi cch ngt m tit trong
nguyn ng.
8

4.2. Nhng nguyn tc c th

Ting Pc - To l mt ngn ng n lp cha trit , cha hnh thnh thanh
iu v cn tn ti cc ph t cu to t, nhiu t hp ph m. Cn c vo s khc
bit v tng ng v ch vit v c im ng m gia ting Pc - To vi ting Vit
c cp trn, vn phin chuyn a danh Pc - To sang ting Vit ch
cp n cch x l nhng khc bit v ng m v ch vit do hai ngn ng to nn, t
i n cch phin chuyn thng nht.
2.1. V cch phin chuyn cc ph m v t hp ph m u m tit
a) B ch vit Pc - To c nhng ph m u m tit khng c hoc khng
tng ng trong h thng ch ci ch quc ng. Do vy, khi phin chuyn cc a
danh, cc ph m phi c phin chuyn thnh nhng con ch tng ng c
trong ch quc ng. Chng hn, con ch j th hin m v / / v con ch y th
hin m v / j / trong ch vit Pc - To u c phin chuyn thnh ch gi v ch
d trong ch quc ng. V d:
- sng Jong
phin chuyn thnh
sng Ging
- khe Yong
phin chuyn thnh
khe Dong
Cn ph m p khi ng u m tit, lc th phin chuyn thnh p lc th
b trong ch quc ng. Chng ti ngh thng nht phin chuyn thnh ch ci
b trong cch ghi cc a danh Pc - To. V d:
- i Prok
phin chuyn thnh
ni B-rc
-ni Prang
phin chuyn thnh
ni B-rng
- thn Paris
phin chuyn thnh
thn Ba-rt
i vi ph m u m tit k trong ting Pc - To cng c phin chuyn
thnh 3 ph m u tng ng theo qui tc chnh t ch quc ng:k, q, c1.V d:
- ni Kapng
phin chuyn thnh
ni Ca-bung
- sui Kath
phin chuyn thnh
sui Ca-t
- thn K
phin chuyn thnh
thn K
- thn Kanng
phin chuyn thnh
thn Ca-nng
b) Tt c cc t hp ph m u m tit trong ting Pc - To u phi c m
tit ho trong ting Vit. Ting Vit khng chp nhn bt k mt t hp ph m no
xut hin v tr u m tit th hin qua ch vit quc ng. Qu trnh quc ng ho
cc ph m u trong ting dn tc ng ngha vi vic n tit ho mi yu t
1

Khi s dng n 3 con ch k, q, c ghi mt m v / k / dng trong phin chuyn cc a danh Pa-c T-i sang
ting Vit lp li y nguyn nhng hn ch ca ch quc ng hin hnh. Tuy vy, vi phng chm Vit ho trit
cc yu t ngoi li, cch lm ny li m bo ng chnh t ch quc ng.

ngoi lai trong ting Vit. Do vy, chng ti ngh cch phin chuyn cc t hp
ph m t a danh Pc - To sang ting Vit nh sau:
C cc t hp ph m cht c thnh phn n nh (yu t th nht thng l
nhng m tc, yu t th hai l cc m lng, nc /-l, -r/ nh: pl, pr, bl, pr, kl, kr
ln cc t hp ph m khng n nh (cc t hp ph m lng, do qu trnh n tit
ho m thnh, ngha l do mt nguyn m ca m tit ph m xut hin s lin kt
ca hai ph m, kiu nh: rl, rk, lt, ) u phi c m tit ho bng cch vit ri
cc m tit, vit hoa ch ci u t v thm gia t hp hai ph m. V d:
- sng Pling
phin chuyn thnh
sng B-ling
- i Krul
phin chuyn thnh
i C-run
- thn Pring
phin chuyn thnh
thn B-ring
- thn Rlok
phin chuyn thnh
thn R- lc
c bit, i vi t hp ph m tr nhiu bn vn nguyn nn d nhm
ln vi m //- tr trong ch quc ng. Chng ti ngh nn phin chuyn theo
cch m tit ho ng lot nh cc t hp ph m ni trn. Chng hn, thn Tru phi
c phin chuyn thnh thn T-ru, ch khng phi thn Tru c ging m / /- tr
trong ch quc ng.
2.2. V cch phin chuyn cc m chnh (nguyn m)
a) i vi cc nguyn m trong ting Pc - To tng ng vi cc nguyn m
trong ting Vit, cch phin chuyn l gi nguyn cch vit cc a danh. Cn i vi
cc nguyn m v k hiu nguyn m ting Pc - To khng c v/hoc khng tng
ng trong ting Vit, phin chuyn cc a danh cha chng, chng ti ngh nn
a v cc nguyn m c sn trong ting Vit c s gn gi v cu m- m v hc vi
nguyn ng. C th:
+ B du sc biu th c im nguyn m ngn trong ting Pc - To khi phin
chuyn cc a danh sang ting Vit. Chng hn:
- ni Atng
phin chuyn thnh
ni A Tung
- khe Avr
phin chuyn thnh
khe A Ve
- ni Atk
phin chuyn thnh
ni A Tc
+ Cc nguyn m nhn i biu th tnh cht cng trong ting Pc - To (ee, oo,
) phin chuyn sang ch quc ng thnh cc nguyn m c trong ch vit quc
ng (, , ). Chng hn:
- ng Tambi
phin chuyn thnh
ng Tam-bi
- sng Tarreenh
phin chuyn thnh
sng T-rnh
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b) Ngoi cc cch ghi nguyn m nguyn ng ting Pc - To nh nu trn,

nhng cch ghi a danh trn cc bn kiu nh: o, o, eu, ou, au, ta c th ngh
ngay l cch ngi Php ghi cc a danh dn tc trn cc bn . i vi nhng
cch ghi nguyn m nh vy u phi c phin chuyn sang ch vit quc ng
thnh cc nguyn m tng ng: , , , u, o. Chng hn;
- ni Talou
phin chuyn thnh
ni Ta-lu
- i Ashau
phin chuyn thnh
i A So
- ng Tou Trouein
phin chuyn thnh
ng Tu T-ru-n
2.3. V cch phin chuyn cc m cui
Ting Pc - To l ngn ng cha hnh thnh thanh iu. Do vy, s vng mt
thanh iu s c b p s phong ph m cui v nguyn m. phin chuyn
cc a danh t ting Pc - To sang ting Vit, chng ta s phi x l nhng trng hp
m cui khng c trong ting Vit nh th no? y l vn c l dn n nhiu
cch ghi a danh dn tc khng thng nht hin nay. Vi phng chm Vit ho
ti a cc a danh dn tc thiu s m khng phn nh sai lch c im ng m
ting dn tc, chng ti ngh cch phin chuyn cc m cui nh sau: cc ph m
cui ca ting Pc - To ch c phin chuyn tr thnh 6 ph m cui ting Vit c
th hin bng cc ch vit quc ng: p, t, ch, c, m, n, nh, ng. C th:
- Chuyn m cui k trong ting Pc - To sang c trong ting Vit
i Prok c phin chuyn thnh i B-roc
Ni Atk c phin chuyn thnh Ni A Tc
- Chuyn m cui l trong ting Pc - To sang n trong ting Vit
i Krul c phin chuyn thnh i C-run
Thn Ajil c phin chuyn thnh Thn A Din
- i vi nhng t hoc m tit ca ting Pc - To c ph m cui l /- h/ nn
thng nht phin chuyn thnh du hi hoc khng du trong ting Vit:
i Abiah c phin chuyn thnh i A Bia
Sui Kath c phin chuyn thnh Sui Ca-t
Thn Arh c phin chuyn thnh Thn A R
- B ph m cui /-r/ trong ting Pc - To khi phin chuyn sang ting Vit:
Ni Taviar c phin chuyn thnh Ni Ta-vi-a
m Ahar c phin chuyn thnh m A Ha
Thn Chaih c phin chuyn thnh Thn Chai

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- i vi ph m cui tc thanh hu ting Pc - To c biu hin trn ch

vit La-tinh bng chon ch q cui t hay m tit th thng nht phin chuyn
thnh du nng trong ting Vit:
Sui Phoq c phin chuyn thnh Sui Ph
Thn Ahooq c phin chuyn thnh Thn A H
5. Kt lun
Vn phin chuyn tn ring dn tc thiu s, trong c a danh, sang
ting Vit c cc nh nghin cu cp n t lu. Tuy nhin, tng thi im
lch s khc nhau, chng ta nhn c nhng xut v gii php phin chuyn cc
a danh dn tc khng ging nhau, to nn s khng thng nht v cch ghi tn
ring trn bn v cc loi hnh vn bn ting Vit. Vic cn thit phi gi gn s
trong sng ca ting Vit v nhu cu tip xc, vay mn, lm phong ph vn t ting
Vit trong bi cnh hi nhp quc t l hai vn lun lun i i vi nhau trong giai
on hin nay. Do vy, vic xut mt cch phin chuyn cc a danh t ting dn
tc sang ting Vit lun din ra mt cch cp thit v cng khng phi d g c
c mt kin thng nht. Thit ngh, trong giai on hin nay, ting Vit cn c
mt qui nh thng nht v cch s dng t ngoi lai theo hng Vit ho trit ,
trong c vn phin chuyn a danh dn tc thiu s sang ting Vit trn mi
loi hnh vn bn./.
Hu, thng 08 nm 2009
T.V.S
TI LIU THAM KHO CHNH
A. Ting Vit:
1. B Gio dc, Quyt nh s 240/ Q ngy 5/3/1984 ca B trng B Gio
dc: Quy nh v chnh t ting Vit v v thut ng ting Vit p dng trong
cc sch gio khoa, bo v vn bn ca ngnh gio dc.
2. B Gio dc, UBKHXHVN, Mt s quy nh v chnh t trong sch gio khoa
ci cch gio dc, 11/1980.
3. B Gio dc v o to, Quyt nh s 07/2003/ Q-BGDT ngy
13/03/2003 ca B trng B Gio dc v o to: Quy nh tm thi v vit
hoa tn ring trong sch gio khoa.

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4. Hong Th Chu,, Tin ti chun ho cch vit tn ring ting dn tc thiu

s trong vn bn ting Vit ( ti ca Hi Ngn ng hc Vit Nam thuc Lin
hip cc hi Khoa hc v K thut Vit Nam), Nghim thu nm 2001.
5. Hong Th Chu (1993), C th xy dng mt b ch vit chung cho nhiu
ngn ng dn tc, Ngn ng s 2, tr.21-24.
6. Hong Th Chu (2001), Xy dng b ch phin m cho cc dn tc thiu s
Vit Nam, Nxb Vn ho dn tc, H Ni.
7. Hong Th Chu (2004), Phng ng hc ting Vit, Nxb i hc Quc gia H
Ni.
8. Nguyn Ti Cn (1995), Gio trnh lch s ng m ting Vit (s tho), Nxb
Gio dc, H Ni.
9. Trn Tr Di (1999), Nghin cu ngn ng cc dn tc thiu s Vit Nam,
HQGHN.
10.Trn Tr Di (2001), Ngn ng v s pht trin vn ho x hi, Nxb Vn ho
thng tin, H Ni.
11. Trn Tr Di (2005), Gio trnh lch s ting Vit (s tho), Nxb i hc Quc
gia H Ni.
12.Phm c Dng (2007), Bc tranh ngn ng-vn ha-tc ngi Vit Nam
v ng Nam , Nxb. HQG, H Ni.
13.Anh Hin (1972), Bn thm v qui tc vit hoa tn ring ch ngi v ch t
trong ting Vit, Ngn ng s 3,tr.51-54.
14.L Trung Hoa (2006), a danh hc Vit Nam, Nxb Khoa hc x hi, H Ni.
15. Nguyn Hu Honh, Nguyn Vn Li (1998), Ting Katu, KHXH, H Ni.
16.Nguyn Hu Honh (2004), V tn gi cc dn tc thiu s thuc nhm ngn
ng Vit-Mng Vit Nam, trong Nhng vn ngn ng hc, KHXH, H
Ni, tr. 443-452.
17.Hi ng Quc gia ch o bin son T in Bch khoa Vit Nam, Quy tc
chnh t ting Vit v phin chuyn ting nc ngoi, 7/2000.
18.Nguyn Vn Khang (2003), K hoch ha ngn ng, KHXH, H Ni.
19.Nguyn Vn Khang (2007), T ngoi lai trong ting Vit, Nxb Gio dc, H
Ni.

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20. Nguyn Vn Khang, Nguyn Trung Thun (1995), T in a danh nc

ngoi, Nxb Vn ho thng tin, H Ni.
21. Nguyn Vn Li, (1986), Sch hc ting Pach - Taih, UBND tnh Bnh
Tr Thin xut bn, Hu.
22.Hong Vn Ma (2002), Ngn ng dn tc thiu s Vit Nam - Mt s vn v
quan h ci ngun v loi hnh hc, KHXH, H Ni.
23.Hong Vn Ma, T Vn Thng (1998), Ting Bru - Vn Kiu, KHXH, H Ni.
24.Hong Vn Ma(2004), Tc danh trong cc nhm dn tc Thi-Ka ai, trong
Nhng vn ngn ng hc, KHXH, H Ni, tr. 443-452.
25. Nh xut bn gio dc, Quy nh tm thi v chnh t trong sch gio khoa
mi, H Ni, 3/2002.
26.Hong Ph (1976), Mt s nguyn tc gii quyt vn chun ho chnh t,
Ngn ng, s1, tr. 1-10.
27.on Vn Phc (1996), Ng m ting , KHXH, H Ni.
28. on Vn Phc(1998), T vng cc phng ng , Nxb. TPHCM.
29. on Vn Phc(2003), Chun ho tn ring dn tc thiu s trong ting Vit
(trn c liu mt s ngn ng cc dn tc thiu s min nam), BCKH Vin
Ngn ng hc.
30. Phan Vn Phc (2004), V tn gi ca cc dn tc thuc nhm ngn ng
Malayo- Polinesian Vit Nam, trong Nhng vn ngn ng hc, KHXH,
H Ni, tr. 544-550.
31.Trn Vn Sng (2008), Bc u tm hiu c im cu to v ngha cc a
danh c ngun gc ngn ng dn tc thiu s huyn A Li, Tha Thin
Hu, Bo co Hi tho Ng hc ton quc ln th nht, Hi Ngn ng hc
Vit Nam, Cn Th, ngy 18-4.
32.Nguyn Th Su (2009), Cu to t ting Ta i (trong s so snh vi ting
Vit), Lun n Tin s Ngn ng hc, H Ni.
33.L Ton Thng, Nguyn Vn Li (2001), V s pht trin ca ngn ng cc
dn tc thiu s Vit Nam trong th k XX, Ngn ng, s2.
34.Bi Khnh Th (1997), Ng php ting Chm, Nxb.GD, H Ni.
35.T Vn Thng (1993), Tn ring trong ting Kho, Ngn ng, s 1, tr. 23-27.

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36.T vn Thng (2001), Cch vit tn cc dn tc Vit Nam, Ngn ng, s 10,
tr. 26-32.
37.on Thin Thut (1999), Ng m ting Vit, Nxb i hc Quc gia H Ni.
38.Vn phng Chnh ph, Quyt nh s 009/1998/Q-VPCP ngy 22/11/1998
Quy nh tm thi v vit hoa trong vn bn ca Chnh ph v Vn phng
Chnh ph.
39.V Xun Qu (1998), V tn ring trong cc ngn ng dn tc thiu s trn
sch bo ting Vit, trong Ting Vit trn cc phng tin thng tin i
chng, H Ni.
40.Vin Ngn ng hc (1988), Ngn ng cc dn tc thiu s Vit Nam v khu
vc ng Nam , KHXH, H Ni.
41.Vin Ngn ng hc(1994), Ngn ng cc dn tc thiu s Vit Nam v chnh
sch ngn ng, Nxb KHXH, H Ni.
42.Vin Ngn ng hc (1994), Nghin cu ngn ng cc dn tc Vit Nam, Nxb
KHXH, H Ni.
43. Vin Ngn ng hc (2002), Cnh hung v chnh sch ngn ng Vit Nam,
Nxb KHXH, H Ni.
44.Nguyn Nh ,(1995), T in chnh t tn ngi nc ngoi, Nxb Khoa
hc x hi, H Ni.

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B. Ting Anh:
1. Asher R. E Editor-in-Chief, 1994, The Encyclopedia of language and
Linguistics, Pergamon Press.
2. Alan Cruse.D. (2000), Meaning in language: An Introduction to Semantics
and Pragmtics, Oxford University Press.
3. Bright W. Editor-in Chief (1992), International Encyclopedia of Linguistics,
Oxford University Press.
4. Trask.R.L, (1999), Key concepts in language and linguistics, Routledge,
London and New York.
5. Mark J. Alves (2006), A grammar of Pacoh:a Mon-Khmer language of the
central highlands of Vietnam, Pacific Linguistics, Research School of
Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.
6. Paul Sidwell (2006), A Mon - Khmer comparative dictionary, Pacific
Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian
National University.
7. Richart L. Watson(1969), pacoh names, Mon-Khmer Studies III, The
Linguistic Circle of Saigon & The Summer Institute of Linguistic, 77-88.
8. Watson K. (1964), pacoh phonemics, Mon-Khmer Studies I, The Linguistic
Circle of Saigon & The Summer Institute of Linguistic, 135-148.

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