1

PHNMU
1.Ldochnti
LmttrongnhngngbngrnglnvphnhiubcnhtngNamvth
gii,BSCLtrthnhvngsnxut,xutkhulngthc,thyhisnvcyntri
nhitilnnhtVitNam.Hnth,ncnlvngkinhttrngimcnc,cvtr
quantrngtrongchinlcphttrinkinht,hptcutvgiaothngviccnc
trongkhuvcvthgii.Qutrnhcicchkinhttrongncvhinhpkinhtquc
t m thi gian qua gip cho cc lnh vc cng nghip, dch v v c bit l nng
nghip BSCLtcnhng thnhtutoln.Tc tngtrngGDP lpnn k
lcmi,xutnhpkhuvthuhtutncngoikhngngnggiatngccukinh
tchuyndchdntnngnghiptruynthngsangcngnghip,thngmidchvv
nng nghip cngnghcao thu nhpbnhqun ungi tng ln v i sng x hi
khngngngccithinmtssnphmnngnghip,thysnvcngnghipch
bintrthnhsnphmxutkhuchlcemvnhiungoitchocciphng
trongvngvcnc.Tuynhin, qutrnhphttrinkinhtcaBSCLthigianqua
cng bc l kh nhiu yu km: tng trng xut khu khng n nh, cn cha ng
nhiu yu t khng bn vng v d b tn thng bi nhng c sc t bn ngoi sn
phmchlccntvphttrinchm,chachuyndchtheohngtnghmlngtr
tuvcngnghcaonnchaphthuyhttimnng,thmnhcavngnnglccnh
tranhtrongxutkhucaccsnphmcnthp.Theonhgicanhiunhnghin
cu,sphttrinkinhtxhicangbngsngCuLongcnkhbitlp,chac
sgnktchtchviccvngkhccatnccngnhquct.ngthi,spht
trin ca vng cngrt thiungb, chacn xng gia ccngnhngh, lnh vc v
gia cc aphngpht trinnngv chiu rng, chy theo s lngnn cht lng,
hiuquvcbitltnhcnhtranhquct khngcao
Nhnghnchtrnyxutphttnhiunguynnhn,nhngnguynnhnch
yucthkhngnhlthiuvngnhngsnphmchlcckhnngtoragitrgia
tngln,sccnhtranhcaovnhtltocnglcthcykhaithcmtcchhiu
qutinguynthinnhin,laongvnhnglithtrichomkhngmtnino
khc c cngoi vngtny. Vn tra y l, lm cchno BSCL xc
nhcsnphmchlchochngha,dchvctimnngtptrungutpht

trinlmcchnocho snphmchlcBSCLcthcnhtranhngangngavi
hngha,dchvcngloitrongcncvtrnthgiivlmcchnosnphm
chlcBSCLkhngngngphttrinvphttrinmtcchbnvngtrongmitrng
hinhpvcnhtranhquct
Tsphntchtrnychothy,vicnhanhchngnghincutmranhng
snphmchlc,givaitrchongthitoractphmnhmchophttrin
kinhtBSCLtrongtnglaigncngnhludilyucukhchquanvbcthit
thiimhinnay. V, ycng chnh l l dom tc gi chn ti:Xcnh sn
phm ch lc v pht trin sn phm ch lc ng bng sng Cu Long n nm
2020lmti nghincuchoLunntinsca bnthn.

2. Mctiu,nhimvnghinnghincucalunn
2.1.Mctiunghincu
Lunntptrungvonghincu3mctiucbnsauy:
1)Hthngtiuchxcnh snphmchlcphhpviiukinthctv
tnhcthcaBSCLlmcsnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlcthngnhtcho
tonvng.
2)Danhmcccsnphmchlc cavngBSCLnnm2020.
3)Mtsgiiphpchyunhmphttrinmtcchbnvngsnphmchlc
BSCLtrongthigianti.
2.2.Nhimvnghincucalunn
tcccmctiunutrn,lunn stptrungthchinxuynsutcc
nhimvtrngtmnhsau:
1)Nghincuhthnghalthuytvsnphmchlcvvndngnlm
sngtnhngvnctnhlluncngnhthctintrongvicnhgi,xtchn v
phttrinsnphmchlccaBSCLtnaynnm2020.
2)Phntch,nhginhucuthtrng,timnngvlithphttrinsnphm
chlccngnhnnglccnhtranhcasnphmchlcBSCL txydngH
thngtiuchnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlcvngtnaynnm2020.
3)TrncsHthngtiuch,tinhnhphntch,nhginhmtmranhng
hnghahiiukinhocctrinvnghnhthnhBngdanhmcsnphmch
lcBSCLtnaynnm2020.

4)Phntch,nhginhngthnhtucngnhtnti,hnchtrongthctxt
chnvphttrinsnphmchlcBSCLthigianquatxutccgiiphp
khcphcnhmphttrinhnnasnphmchlccavngtrongtnglailudi .

3. itngvphmvinghincucalunn
3.1.itngnghincu
i tng nghin cu ca lun n l cc sn phm hng ha v dch v ch lc
mang c trng cho li th, tim nng v gn cht vi qu trnh pht trin kinh t ca
vng,ngthixutccgiiphpchyunhmphttrinsnphmchlc cang
bngsngCuLonggiai tnaynnm2020.
2.2.Phmvinghincu
ivihngha,dchv:Ccloihngha,dchv,angvctrinvng
phttrinthamgiathtrngvgivaitrchlctrongchinlcphttrinkinht
vngngbngsngCuLong nnm2020
iviabnnghincu:Ngoicctnh,thnhthuckhuvcngbngsng
Cu Long,khinghin cunhu cuth trng thphm vinghincu cmrng ra
nhiutnh,thnhphlntrongcnc.

4. Tngquantiliunghincu
Phttrin cm cngnghipgnviphttrinvng lnhthvaphng,hoc
phttrinngnhhocsnphmcngnghipchlccaaphng,tlucnhiu
cngtrnhtrongvngoincnghincu,nhiutiliu,lthuytcpti.Tuynhin,
nghincuxcnhsnphmchlcvphttrinsnphmchlcchomtvngkinh
tnhBSCLthhunhchacnghincubaogi.Vvy,qutrnhnghincu,
Lunnchtipcncvicctiliucnidunggnvichtra.
4.1.Tiliuncngoi
1) Thuyt li th cnh tranh quc gia ca M.Porter (1990). Porter cho rng,
cclthuytpht trintruyn thngnh li th tuyt i ca Adam Smith vli th so
snh ca David Ricardo xemnn kinh t nh l s nhhngbi yu tngun lc.
Tc, li th ca mt quc gia trong thng mi quc t c xc nh bi cc yu t
ngunlcnhtai,tinguynthinnhin,laongvquimdnsaphngv
chng to ra chiph thp. Tuy nhin, theoPorter th "s thnh vngcaqucgia c
torachkhngphicthak",nncncstptrungutmnhmnngcao
hiuquthngquacithinnngsutlaonghocsngtoraccsnphmvigitr

co.NhiuqucgiatrnthgiithnhcngkhivndngttngnycaPorter
v ccl thuyt cnh tranhkhc vo vic xc nh lith cnh tranhphttrin cm
chuynmnhavsnphmchlc[20],[21].
2) L thuyt cm pht trin ca M. Porter (1990). Ban u, Porter cung cp cc
nguynlcmchocccmqucgiavquctnhngsaunhnrasthchhpcho
cccmvngkinhttrongnibqucgia.Porterchorng,mtcmcxemlcli
thsosnhnusnphm,nngsutvtctngtrngcaohncccmkhc.cp
vng,ccchnhschphttrincmchtrbicccquanphttrinvngvgn
vi cc chin lc pht trin a phng. Trong trng hp ny, s tip cn cm v
nguyntccsdngnhlcngcphttrinvngnhsnphmvkhnggianlin
kthotngcangnhsnphm.Tnm1990,nhiuqucgiatrnthgiivn
dng thnh cng l thuyt ny vo la chn v pht trin ngnh/sn phm ch lc tp
trungtheokhnggianal(Porter1990)hoc[48].
3)SphttrincakhinimcmKinhnghimhintivtrinvng,Christian
H.M.Ketels(2003).Ketelstrnhbykhungkhinimvcm(cluster)caMichael
M.Porter,ccloihnhcm,stinhacucmvcmvihiuqukinht.Ngoira,
Ketelscngninnhngphthintrongthcnghimivicm,cmdatrnchnh
schphttrinkinhtvxemynhlmhnhphttrinkinhtmi.Thngquacng
trnhnghincuny,Ketelsmrnghnvkhinimcmsovikhinimbanu
caMichaelM.Portervqua,gipmingihiungvyhntmquantrng
cacmiviphttrinkinhtaphngtrongmitrngcnhtranhtoncu[48].
4)LthuytimtrungtmcaChristaller(1933).Lthuytnychorng,vng
nngthnchulchtcathnhphvcoithnhphlcchtvhtnhncaspht
trin.T,itngutctrngimcncxcnhtrncsnghincumc
thuhtvnhhngcamttrungtmvcngsxcnhbnknhvngtiuthcc
snphmcatrungtm.Tronggiihnbnknhvngtiuth,xcnhgiihncath
trngngoingnggiihnkhngclitrongviccungcphnghocatrungtm.
LthuytnycAlosh(c)bsung.imngchcalthuytimtrungtm
lxcnhcquylutphnbkhnggiantngnggiaccimdnc,tc
thpdngquyhochccimdnctrnlnhthmikhaithc[45].
5)Mtnghincuvccchsnnglccnhtranh,G.ArzuINAL(2003).Trong
bicnhcnhtranhquctngycnggiatngvsquantmngycngsusccacc

gii,cbitccnhsnxutkinhdoanhnchinlccnhtranhhiuqu,nhiunh
nghincucgngxcnhkhnngcnhtranhvphttrinccchsnhlng
thchhpolngscmnhcnhtranh.Visnlccamnh,G.ArzuINAL
nghincu,tnghpvara16chsctholngnnglccnhtranhcaquc
gia,aphnghayvnglnhth.Trong,cnhiuchsthchhpchovicolng
nnglccnhtranhcahngha,dchvlmcsxydngtiuchxcnhhngha,
dchvchlccaaphng [47].
Ngoicctitiutrn,nhiutiliukhccngcnidunglinquanvnny
c tc gi tham kho nh: Regional innovation systems (RIS) in China ca Jon
Sigurdson ng trn Working Paper No 195, July 2004 [49] Sustaining the Green
RevolutioninIndiacaS.Nagarajan[50]EconomiccontributiosofThailandscreative
industries,ngtrntpchFiscalPolicyInstitute2009[47]KojiThekeyproductin
Japanese alcoholic beverages and fermented foods, Tokyo University of Agriculture
Sedagayaku, Tokyo, Japan [54] Identifying and assessing the factors that influence
clusters competitiveness in Oregon,and some initial suggestions, Lun n Tin s ca
Sam Gi Hong (2007)[52]....Nhn chung cc tiliuny unhnmnhn vai tr ca
phttrincmngnhsnphmtrongchinlcphttrinkinhtcaccqucgiav
xutccchnhschhtrcmphttrinmtcchbnvng.
4.2Tiliutrongnc
1)LunnTinsPhttrincngnghipchbinnng,lmsntrnabncc
tnh vng Bc Trung b ca Nguyn Hng Lnh (2007). Lun n vn dng cc l
thuyt lin quan, c bit l m hnh kim cng ca M.Porter phn tch tm ra cc
nhntnhhngnphttrinngnhcngnghipchbinnng,lmsntrnabn
cctnhBcTrungb.Trncsxlccsliuthuthptbocothngkvkho
stthctrtkinhnghim phttrinngnhcngnghipchbinmtsncng
Nam v da trn tim nng, li th ca vng, Lun n xc nh cc ngnh cng
nghipchbinnng,lmsnchlcphttrintrnabnBcTrungb[9].
2)Chngtrnhphttrinsnphmqucgiadnnm2020caChnhph.Theo
Chng trnh, s hnh thnh v pht trin hng ha mang thng hiu Vit Nam bng
cngnghtintin,cnnglccnhtranhcaovtnhmi,chtlng,githnhdatrn
vickhaithclithsosnhccngunlctrongnc.Trong,giaion20102015
phihnhthnhvphttrintithiu10snphmdatrncngnghtintinvdocc

doanhnghipkhoahcvcngnghsnxutgiaiontiptheosmrngquimsn
xutvnngcaochtlngsnphmcxydnggiaion20102015,mrng
thtrng,tngcngxutkhuvxydngthnghiusnphmVitNamtrntrng
quct[24].
3)ChngtrnhkhoahcvcngnghtrngimcpNhncgiaion2001
2005caBKhoahcCngnghvMitrng(naylBKhoahcvCngngh)vi
chngdngcngnghtintintrongsnxutccsnphmxutkhuvsnphm
chlc.McchcaChngtrnhlnhmgiatngkimngchvchuyndchccu
xutkhutheohngnngcaottrngccsnphmchbin,snphmchmlng
cngnghcaocngnhthcyxutkhudchv. NidungchyucaChngtrnh
lnghincuxutccgiiphpphttrincngnghvgingcytrngvvtnuic
nng sut,cht lng cao, chng chu subnh xy dng ccmhnh thm canh v
sn xut cngnghip trongnuitrngnng,lm, thy hi sn theohngbn vng v
bovmitrngsinhthi...[1]
4)Quychnhgi,xtchnvhtrphttrinsnphmcngnghipchlc
ThnhphHNi.TheoQuichny,csxcnhsnphmcngnghipchlcca
Thnhphlcc tiuchgm sccnhtranhtrnthtrngtrongvngoincc
toratrnccdychuynthitbctrnhcngnghngangtmkhuvc,phhpvi
trnhsnxuttrongtngthik,phhpvichinlcphttrinkinhtxhica
Thnhph,mbonnglcsnxutvmitrngbnvngtoramctngtrng
cao, nnh hoc thucnhm snphm xut khu ch lc,ng gpt trng lnvo
tng GDP cng nghip. Qui trnh xt chn c 4 bc: xut doanh nghip tham gia
Chngtrnhkhostsnphmcngnghiptchcnhgi,xtchnvcngnhn
snphmchlc...[17].
5)ChngtrnhphttrinccsnphmcngnghipchlccathnhphHCh
Minh giai on 2002 2005. Theo Chng trnh ny, H thng tiu ch la chn sn
phmchlcvxydngbngtnhginnglccnhtranhcamisnphmng
kthamgiachngtrnhraicngvivictrinkhaihtrccdoanhnghiptham
giachngtrnhtrnnmlnhvc:thitksnphmvlachncngngh,nngcao
trnhqunlcadoanhnghip,tipth,otonhnlc,tichnhthngquacchot
nghngdn,tvnhaymigiidoanhnghipvinhtvncnnglcvuytn,
gipdoanhnghiptipcnvingunlcvkhoahcvtichnhcathnhph[2].

Ngoira, Lunn cn thamkhonhiu tiliuchngtrnhphttrinsnphm

ch lc tng t ca ccaphng khc cngnh hi tho,hingh,... linquann
vnphttrinsnphmchlcnichung,nh:Xcnhhngha,dchvchlc
TpCnThgiaion20062010,tmnhn2020nhgithctrngvnhhng
phttrincngnghip,tiuthcngnghip,nngnghipvlngnghqunBnhThy
(Tp CnTh)giaion2011 2015,tmnhn nnm2020vccbivitkhcca
cctcgingtitrntpch,bo,trangweb trongncvquctclinquan.Tuy
nhin,chaccngtrnhnonghincumtcchtondin,susccvlluncng
nhthctinvicxcnhvphttrinccsnphmcng, nng,nghipvthy snch
lcthucvngBSCL.ViLunnny,tcgisisunghincu vgiiquytvn
bcxc nhmgpphnphttrinnnkinhtBSCLmtcchbnvng.
5.TnhmicaLunn
Sovicccngtrnhnghincucngnh chngtrnhphttrinsnphmch
lccaccaphngnutrn,Lunnny cnhngimmicbnsau:
1)Honthinhnvmtcsllunivisnphmchlccngnhphng
php xc nh snphm ch lc vndng vo giiquyt cc vn c tnh llun
cngnhthctintrongvicxcnhsnphmchlccangbngsngCuLong
nnm2020.
2)Tcslthuytxydng,Lunnarabtiuchxcnhsnphm
chlccangbngsngCuLongtnaynnm2020vi2hthngnhgi,xt
chnsnphmhnghachlcvsnphmdchvchlc.Cchthngnyvabo
mcciukincn,vabommiukinvactiuchnhlngvva
ctiuchnhtnhyhn,thcthnnhngngin,dthchinhn.
3)Cngvicslthuythonthin,Lunncungcpcskhoahccho
viccngnhnsnphmchlcBSCLiviccsnphmtlugivtrchlc
mtcchtnhindolithcthcavngnhlago,tricyvthysn.Thngqua
,Lunncngchngminhtnhchlckhngthchicicaccsnphmnybng
mtschtiunhlngquantrng.
4)DatrnBtiuchxcnhsnphmchlcxydng,Lunnthchin
vicxemxt,tnhtonvcnnhcivitngloisnphmhngha,dchvctrin
vng trong vng t lp ra bng Danhmc nhng sn phm ch lc BSCL n
nm2020.

5)TrncsllunvthctinxcnhvphttrinsnphmchlcBSCL
thigianquacngnhquanim,nhhngmctiuphttrin snphmchlcca
vngthigianti,Lunnxuththngccgiiphpchyu,khthivngb
nhmhtrccsnphmchlcphttrinmtcchbnvngnnm2020.

6. Phngphpvphngphplunnghincucati
6.1Phngphptipcnvn
tipcnvn,tcgithchinthngquaccphngphpchyunh:
+ Tip cnh thng: Trongqu trnhnghincu xcnh snphm ch lc ca
ngbngsngCuLong,nhngloihngha,dchvkhngctnhcthhoctnh
tthkhngcao,tcgitchngtrongmiquanhhtngvihngha,dchv
cng loi trong c nc. Ngha l xem hng ha, dch v ca ng bng sng Cu
Longnhlmtbphnhuctrongmiquanhtngthcacnc.
+Tipcnlogic:Tvicnghincu,thuthpccdliu,thngtinthngquati
liu,schbohocccphngtinthngtinichngxydngccmhnhlthuyt
vsnphmchlccangbngsngCuLong,xemylgithuytlmcs
chngminhchotnhngncanhocloitrn.
+ Cc phng phph tr khc: S dng cc phng php m hnh ha, s
ha,phngphp thng k,phngphphiqui tuyn tnh,cbit trongphn tch
cnhtranhspdngmhnhkimcng(diamondmodel)caMichaelM.Porterxc
nhlithcnhtranhngnhhng.
6.2 Phngphpnghincunhtnh
thchintiny,tcgichyusdngccphngphpnhtnhthu
thpphntchvdingiidliunhmmcchkhmphccnhntvmiquanh
ntnhchlccahngha,dchv.Vicsdngcsdliunychyulxy
dng c s l thuyt mt cch khoa hc v khch quan v snphm ch lc. Cng c
csdngphbintronggiaionnyl:Khostthctticcaphng,tho
lunnhmTholuntayiQuanst...
6.3 Phngphpnghincunhlng
Ccchtiunhlngnhginnglccnhtranhcasnphmchlcnh:
Hslithhinthngnh(RCA)Hsthngmirng(NTR)Hsaphngha
(LQ)Hsbohhiudng (EPR) Hschiphngunlctrongnc(DRC)...

7.Khungnghincu

Chng1.CSKHOAHCCHOVICXCNHSN
PHMCHLCVPHTTRINSNPHMCHLC

Cs l lunxcnh SPch lc
vphttrinsnphmchlc
Llunchung vSPchlc
Thuyt li th tuyti (A.Smith)
vlithsosnhca(D.Ricardo)
Thuytlithcnhtranhqucgia
vCmphttrincaM.Porter

Phngphpxcnhvpht
trinSPchlc
Cctiuch nhgivthang
imnhgixtchnSPchlc
QuitrnhxcnhSPchlc
Ccnidungvnguyntcc
bnhtrphttrinSPchlc

Chng2. THCTRNGXCNHSNPHMCHLCV
PHTTRINSNPHMCHLCBSCLTHIGIANQUA

nh gi tim nng
pht trin sn phm
chlcBSCL
Vndngmhnh
kimcng(M.Porter)
vcclthuyt
khctrnhby

Thc trng pht trin

snphmchlc
Lnhvcnngnghip
vthy sn
Lnhvccngnghip
Lnhvcthngmi
vdchv

Thc trng xc nh
snphmchlc
Xy dng tiu ch v
quitrnhxc nh
Danh mc sn phm
chlc
Nhnxt,nhgi

Chng3.XCNHSNPHMCHLCVPHT
TRINSNPHMCHLCBSCLNNM2020

Xy dng H thng
tiu ch xc nh sn
phmchlcBSCL
Hthngtiuch
Thangimv phng
phptnhton

Xy dng Danh mc
SPchlcBSCL
Snphmchlc
BSCL20062010
Snphmchlc
BSCLnnm2020

Gii php trin sn

phmchlcBSCL
Giiphpphttrin
snphmchlc
BSCLn2020

10

8. Ktcuchungcalunn
Ngoiphnmu,ktlun,phlcvdanhmctiliuthamkho...,Lunn
cktcuthnhbachng:
Chng1:Cskhoahccho vicxcnhsnphmchlcvphttrin
snphmchlc
Chngnychyutrnhbyccquanim,khinim,nhnghavsnphm
chlcphngphpxcnhhngsnphmchlcvvaitrnghacasnphm
ch lc trong pht trin kinh t vng, a phng cc l thuyt c lin quan v kinh
nghimphttrinsnphmchlcmtsqucgiavaphngtrongnc.
Chng 2: Thc trng xc nh v pht trin sn phm ch lc ng bng
sngCuLongthigianqua
Chng ny ch yu thc hin vic phn tch, nh gi thc trng xc nh sn
phmvphttrinsnphmchlcBSCLthigianqua.aranhnxtu,nhc
imtrongvicxcnh snphmchlccaccaphngtrongvnglmcs
chovictinhnhxcnhsnphmchlccpvngnnm2020.
Chng3:Xcnhsnphmchlc vphttrinsnphmchlcng
bngsngCuLongnnm2020
Chngbachyugiiquyt3vncbnl:xydngHthngtiuchxc
nh snphm chlc BSCL xut Danhmc snphm ch lc BSCL nnm
2020vxutmtsgiiphpch yuphttrin snphm chlccaBSCLmt
cchbnvngtrongthikhinhpquct.

Chng1
CSKHOAHCCHOVICXCNHSNPHM
CHLCVPHTTRINSNPHMCHLC
1.1.Tngquanvsnphmchlcvphttrinsnphmchlc
1.1.1.nhnghavsnphmchlc
1.1.1.1.Mtsquanimkhcnhauvsnphm vchlc

11

Qutrnhphttrinkinhtcaccnctrnthgiilungnlinvistridy
canhngngnhhnghocsnphmclithcnhtranh.Nhngngnhhocsnphm
nytrthnhyutdnotngtngvphttrinkinhtcaqucgiahocvng
lnh th. in hnhnht lNhtbn, 20nm sau th chin th 2 (1951 1973) tr
thnhnnkinhtlncathgiiviGDPtngtrnggp20ln.Ccsnphmc
xemlthmnhcnhtranhcaNhtgiaionnyltubin,xemy,mykhu,my
nh,tivi,thp,t,snphmhacht,hngdt,...KnlTrungQuc,trongbathp
k (t1978n2007)vivicchuynitnncngnghipkhngdavolithsang
nncngnghipdatrnlithngunnhncngdidoviccsnphmcpthp,gi
r...ann kinhtTrungquctngtrngmtcchthnk,ttctrungbnh
hngnm9,5%.Ktqultmtnckmphttrin,Trungqucvnlntpbn
nn kinh t hng u th gii (WB, 2007). Tng t, thng qua hai cuc Cch mng
xanhviccsnphmnngnghip(lngthc,thcphm),cngnghipphcvnng
nghip,...ntrthnhhintngcbittrongphttrinkinhtnhvoxcnh
vphttrinccngnhsnphmchlcphhpvilithcamnh[48], [49],[53]
VitNam,snphmchlchaysnphmcngnghipchlclkhinimmi
vthngxuthintrongmtsvnbnqunlNhncvothpninutinthk
XXI.Lcu,ychlthutngdngchnhngsnphmckhnngxutkhu
mnh,chimttrngkimngchcaohoccvtrchinlctrongphttrinkinhtca
tnc.Gny,khinimnycsdngkhphbinvtrthnhthutng
kinhtquenthuckhngnhngviccnhqunlmcnvicccdoanhnghipv
nhnghincu. Tuynhin,cchhiuvsnphmchlccamingi,miaphng
licnhngimkhcnhaukhrrt.Diy lnhngimkhcnhauinhnhkhi
nivsnphmchlc.
v Thhintrongccchtrng,chnhschnhnc
+TrchtlkhinimsnphmchlccaBKhoahc,CngnghvMi
trng (nay l B Khoa hc v Cng ngh) l sn phm gip gia tng kim ngch v
chuyndchccuxutkhutheohngnngcaottrngccsnphm chbin,sn
phm chm lng cngngh cao, thcy xut khudch v cng nh toiu kin
ynhanhpdngcccngnghtintinvosnxuttheophngchmlytitkim
nnglng,gimgithnhvnngcao chtlngsnphmlmtrngtm(Quytnh

12

s:21/2001/QbKHcnmtvvicngdngcngnghtintintrongsnxutccsn
phmxutkhuvsnphmchlc) [1].
+KnlChngtrnh"PhttrinccsnphmcngnghipchlccaTpH
ChMinhgiaion20022005"giihnsnphmchlctronglnhvccngnghip
vithutngsnphmcngnghipchlc.TheoChngtrnh,nhngsnphmny
phickhnngcnhtranhcao,timnngthtrngln,emlihiuqukinhtcao
ivingisnxut,nggpngkchotngsnphmniavphttrinkinht
caThnhph.Ngoira,snphmcngnghipchlccaTp HChMinhgiaion
20022005phivactnhhini,vactnhvnhatruynthngvasdngnhiu
nguynliutrongncvacthnghiumnhvcbit, phibomvlaongv
thnthinvimitrng(Quytnhs:153/2002/QUB)[2].
+MtkhinimkhccththamkholsnphmcngnghipchlccaTp
HNighitrongQuichnhgi,xtchnsnphmcngnghipchlcThnhph
HNi,TheocchmtcaQuichny thsnphmchlccgiihntrong
phmvingnhcngnghipviccctrngcbnl:Csccnhtranhtrnthtrng
trong vngoinc ctora trndy chuyn thitb c cngngh ngang tm khu
vc,phhpvitrnhsnxutvchinlcphttrincaThnhphtrongtngthi
kmbonnglcsnxutvmitrngbnvngToramctngtrngnnh
mc cao v thucnhmsn phm xut khu ch lc vi t trng nggpvo tng
GDPcngnghipln(Quytnhs03/2006/QUB)[17].
+ Cng mt quan nim vi Tp H Ch Minh v Tp H Ni, tnh ng Nai vi
ChngtrnhphttrinccsnphmcngnghipchlccatnhngNaigiaion
20062010cngtptrunggiihnSnphmcngnghipchlcvchorng,sn
phmcngnghipchlcphi lsnphmngvaitrthencht,quytnhivivic
thc hinccmc tiu,nhim vt ra trong mt thik nhtnh. y l nhng sn
phm cng nghip chim ttrng cao trongc cu ngnhcngnghip c nhp tng
trngvtlgitrgiatngcao,cvtrchiphiv nhhngnsphttrini
vi nhiu sn phm cng nghip khc cng nh c sc cnh tranh cao trn th trng
trong nc v xut khu (Quyt nh s 955/QUBND). Ni cch khc, i vi tnh
ngNaithsnphmchlclsnphmcngnghipcthmnhvgitrsnlng
vgitrgiatngcsctcnghaylantanccsnphmcngnghipkhc,ng
thickhnngtiuthtttrnthtrngtrongnccngnhngoinc[9].

13

v Thhintrongccbivit,tcphmnghincu
+ViGS.TSVThanhThu,GingvintrngihcKinhtTpHChMinh,
Chuyn gia nghin cu khu cng nghip, trong mt bi vit ca mnh cng s dng
khinimsnphmchlcvchorngnphicccctrngnh:Phictnglai
pht trin mnh v cng ngh, c kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng quc t v trong
ncPhikhaithcclithcaaphng,lctrngchoaphngPhic
tnhlanta,kchthchccngnhkhc,snphmkhcphttrinPhilnhngmthng
manghmlngchtxmcao,cngnhckhnngxutkhucaoCthlhuhnh
hoclvhnh.yGS.TSV ThanhThuarathm2imkhcquantrngl
snphmchlcphicslantanccngnhkhc,snphmkhcvlikochng
cngphttrin,ngthisnphmchlckhngchlhuhnhmcncthlv
hnhna.
+ Vi TS LTn Bu, Trng khoa Thng miDu lchMarketing, trng i
hcKinhtTP.HCMthsnphmchlcphilsnphmtrongcngnghipchbin
nng, thy sn v y l th mnh ca Vit Nam m trng im l BSCL, ng thi
chngcnl nguncungsnphmthityuthamnnhucucbnchotonxhi.
Nhvy,trongthctnghincuchothy,miqucgia,vnglnhthvmi
thi kkhc nhau vicnhn thc v sn phm ch lc c khcnhau. Chnh t snhn
thckhcnhaunhvymviclachnsnphmchlcvchnhschhtrphttrin
snphmchlcmiaphngthigianquacngckhcnhau.Tuynhin,cmt
vnmmiqucgia,vnglnhthvmithiiuthngnhtvinhauchnhl
lichcavicxtchnsnphmchlc,ngthixemvictmrasnphmchlc
tp trung u t pht trin l nhim v c tnh chin lc i vi mi quc gia, a
phngvvnglnhth.Chnhviunymtrctin,Lunn cninmtnhn
thcchung,nhtqunvsnphmchlc.
1.1.1.2.Nhnthcchungvsnphmchlc
Trc ht, cn bt u vi thut ng ch lc. Theo T in ting Vit thng
dng,NhxutbnGiodc2003thyllclngchnh,givtrnngctvctc
dng quyt nh.ng vi ting Anhl driving force (lclng ctnhdno)hay
mainforce(lclngchnh).Thutngnycdngphbintrongqunsch
lc lngquantrngnht c ngha quyt nh chin trng nh qun ch lc,b
i chlc...Lclng ny c s dng khi cn gii quyt ccmc tiu chinlc,

14

quyt nh n phm vi ton cc. c trng ca ch lc l tp trung vi s lng ln,

chunluynchnhqui,chuynnghip,trangbhinivckhnngcngtc
chintrndinrng.
Vysnphmchlclg?Cthni,snphmtrongLunnny lkhinim
dngchsnphmhnghahaydchvcthngmiha,tc lsnphmhu
hnhhocvhnhcsnxutvcungngnhmmcchthngmi.Khinimsn
phmycncmrngnngnhhnghaymtnhmccsnphmccngtnh
nng,mcchsdnghayquitrnhcngnghsnxut.Vd,ngnhhngthcphm
ch bin c tht ng hp, c ng hp, tht ng lnh, c ng lnh..., ngnh ha m
phmcbtgit,ncx,chttyragiadng,mphm....Khithamkhocctiliu
tingAnh,tcgithngthyxuthinccthoccmtcthcxemltngng
vi snphm ch lc hay ngnhhng chlc nh: keyproducts,mainproducts,major
productshockeysectors,mainsectors.
Mainproducts:Lsnphmchnh,snphmchyucamtcngty,givtr
chyuvsnlngtiuth,doanhthuhoctonnhnhnhdoanhnghip.Vdmain
productscaSeaprodexgm:Fresh(cti),Frozen(nglnh),Processed(chinbin),
Canned(nghp)...
Keyproducts:Snphmchyucacngty.Vdsnphmch yucaCng
tyTNHHintNamPhnggmc:DesignandinstallallofDistributorBoard(Thit
kvci t tt c ccbng phn phi in), Control Board (Bng kim sot in),
Electric Box (Hp in),Capacitor Bank medium and low Voltage (T b trung p v
thpp).
MajorProducts:Snphmchnhcacngty,doanhnghiphayqucgia.Vd
sn phm chnh ca Sumikin Bussan Special Steel Co., Ltd l: Tubes and Pipes (ng
nc, ngkt cuchoxe t, my mc v ng thpc bitcho ccnhmy hadu)
SteelSheetsandPlates(thptm)ConstructionMaterials(thpxydng)BarandWire
Rods(thanhthng,thanhcun)vRawMaterials(thpnguynliuth).Haysnphm
chnhcaNht:Xemy,Xehi,ThitbinvMyvitnhTrong,xegnmyvi
nhnhiuHonda,Suzuki,YamhahayxehivinhnhiuToyotahocthitbint,
inlnhcaSonylbiutng,lntvnhacancNhtxavnay.
Keysectors:Ngnhhnghoclnhvcsnxutquantrng,chyucamta
phng,vnglnhthhayqucgia.Vd,quihochphttrinnxcnhc

15

cckeysectorsnh:Agriculture(Nngnghip)Commerce&Industries(Cngnghipv
thngmi)Finance(Tichnh)Communication&IT(Cngnghthngtinvtruyn
thng)Education(Giodc)Health&Familywelfare(Ytvphcligianh)....
Tnhng kt quphntch trnhbyphn trn, c thnhndin snphm
ch lc thngquanh nghanh sau: Sn phm ch lc l sn phmhngha hoc
dchvchyu,ckhnngsnxutvcungngvikhilngln vnnglccnh
tranhcaoltrungtmlanta,likoccngnhnghkhccngphttrinngthi
n cn c thl snphm thhin tnhc thring, mang ngha vnha ca mt
qucgia,aphng hayvnglnhth1.
1.1.1.3.ctrngcbncasnphmchlc
Tsnhnthcnhtrnhbyphntrn,cthrtranmctrngcbn
casnphmchlcnhsau:
1) Snphmcquimkhilnglnvtnhngnhtcao
Mtsnphmmuntrthnhchlctrctinphilsnphmcsnxutra
traoimuabnvikhilnglnvtcngnhtcao.Nicchkhc,hng
hachlcphicsnxuttheoquimtptrung,cngnghipvicngnghtintin
nncthmbockhilngcungnglnchothtrngngthichtlng,
mum kiudng v cctnhnng khcphi gingnhau gia cc c th. R rng, sn
phmkhngthtrthnhchlcnuchsnxutnhl,manhmnviphngphpth
cng,mangtnhcbitcao.Bi,nunhvykhngthccthtrngrngln,mi
lcyu,sccnhtranhkhngcao.
2)Snphmcnnglccnhtranhquct
Snphmchlcphilnhngsnphmmboccyucuvmtchtlng,
thit k k thut,mum,kiudngtheo tiu chunquc t c khnngtiuth tt
khngnhngtrnthtrngtrongncmcnxutkhu,ngthilunchimcu
thcnhtranhtrcccithquctkhc.Trongxuthhinhpquctngycng
surng,mitrngcnhtranhkhngcnnginvikhnggiannhhptrongnc
mcnhtranhhinnaylcnhtranhmangtnhtoncuvinhiuphngthcphctp.
Dovy,mtsnphmtrthnhchlccamtqucgianhtthitphiccnnglc
cnhtranhtttrnphmviquctcthtntivphttrinmtcchbnvng.
3) Snphmcsclantamnh
1

Tcgitnghpvchnlctccnhnghatrongnhiutiliuc

16

Cthni,snphmchlclnhngsnphmcslinhmtthitvinhiu
ngnhhnghaysnphmkhc,nhhngtrctiplnccsnphm,ngnhhngkhc
vlikochngcngphttrintheo.Mtkhc,qutrnhphttrincasnphmchlc
cngthngxuynchustcngbiccngnhhnghocsnphmkhc.Slinh
nycthhinthngquaccmilinhchuigitr(sktnilintipvmtcng
nghtrongqutrnhsnxutrasnphm)hocccmilinhbtr(milinhtng
htoraiukinthunlichoqutrnhsnxutvtiuthsnphm).Vitnhcht
lantanhvy,thctchothykhisnphmchlcphttrinstoranhucuhtr,
nhuculinkttkchthch,likoccngnhnghkhccngphttrintheo.
4) Snphmmangtnhcthcaqucgia,vnglnhth
Mt sn phm ch lc cn l sn phm th hin li th c trng ca quc gia,
vnglnhthmkhngninokhccthsnhkp.Ngitiudngbtinmuasn
phmychnhbinhnggitr ctrngm hthyctsnphm,ngthi ith
cnhtranhkhlngbtchcvthiunhngiukinmangtnh lithcnhtranhca
quc giahay vng lnh th (v tra l, tinguyn thinnhin, laong). Ngoi ra,
nhiu snphmchlccnl biutngvnhacaqucgia hayvnglnhth,gp
phntonnthnghiuqucgiatrnthtrngquct.
5) Snphmctnhantonvthnthinvimitrng
Snphmchlcnhtthitphilsnphmmtrongqutrnhkhaithcnguyn
liu,snxut,tnti,sdngvsaukhithib khnggyhihoctgyhihncho
mitrngsovisnphmcngloivccccquanchcnngcanhnchoc
quctcngnhn.Hoc,snphmctorackhnngthaythchoccnguynliu
tnhinmtrongqutrnhtnti,sdnghocsaukhithibgyhithnchomi
trngsovisnphmcthayth.

1.1.1.4.im khccbncakhinim snphmchlctrongLunn

Cththy,vcbnLunnkthacchnlccckhinimmcctiliu
trcyara.Tuynhin,nuxtphmvinidungvnghacngnhsosnhvi
tngtiliuringrthLunnara nhiuimmi.
Bng1.1.imkhcnhaugiaLunn vicctiliuvsnphmchlc
KhinimtrongLunn

Cckhinimtrcy

17

Nu bt mc ch chnh ca sn phm Ch cho bit sn phm ni chung ch cha

c to ra l trao i mua bn, c thhinrmcchtoraltraoimua
bitlmuabnquct.

bn,nhtlmuabnquct.

Xcnhrsnphmcavng,minda Xcnhsnphmcaaphng,davo
trn tim nng, li th chung ca vng, iukinsnxutcthcaaphngv
minquytnhmtcchkhchquan.

dodoanhnghipquytnhtheochquan

Bao gm c snphm cngnghip,nng Thng ch cp ch yu n sn phm

nghipthysnvdchv

cngnghip,hocnngnghip

Snphmvagivtrchyutoragi Ch trng n kha cnh to ra gi tr sn

trsnlngvaltrungtmlantan lng, tc tng trng, hiu qu... ring
ccngnhnghkhc

casnphmchlc mthi.

Sn phm khng nhng mang gi tr vt Chchtrngnvicnhnmnhgitrvt

cht,gitrkinhtmncnmangcgi cht,gitrkinhtmthi
trphivtth:nhnvn,vnha
Ngun:Tcgitnghpvxydng
1.1.2.nghacavicxcnhsnphmchlc
Vicxcnhngsnphmchlccamtqucgia,aphnghayvnglnh
thcnghartquantrng.Cth:
1) Xcnh ng snphmch lcngngha vi vic xc nh c nng lc
cnh tranh ct li ca quc gia, vng lnh th, t c chnh sch u t ng
hng,tptrungvcchiusu.
Xcnhngsnphmchlclcstptrungngunlc, utinhtru
t pht trin mt cch c trng tm, trng im v theo chiu su trn c s li th so
snh,khngdntrilmlngphvnut.Qua,toraschuynbinrrtvnng
sut,chtlng,hiuquhotngvnnglccnhtranhchotngloisnphmvqua
tomitrng thunlichosnxutphttrin,mbochonhngsnphmc
chnciukinphttrinbnvng,nggptchccvoqutrnhphttrinkinht
xhi caaphngv hinhpkinhtquct.

18

2)Xcnhngsnphmchlccngcnghaxcnhngtrungtmlanta,
ngunphttchplcttptrungchuynmnhahinihasnxutvcungng,
ctcngli kocc ngnhnghlinquan, dchvbtr phttrin.
Xcnhngsnphmchlcnghalxemxtmtcchy ccngnh
nghclinquantrongnnkinht.iuny cngha,khitptrungutphttrinmt
ngnhhngchlcnosngthiphiutchoccngnhclinquankhclm
chochngciukinphttrintheo.Ngcli,cngthngquaqutrnhxemxtny,
c th xc nh c nhng ngnh no c kh nng lan ta n n c chnh sch
khuynkhchutvquihochphttrinmtcchtng ngvngb.
3)Xcnhngsnphmchlccngngnghavivicnhvngnnkinh
ttrongchinlccnhtranhtoncu.
Snphmchlccaqucgia,vnglnhthhayaphngthhinngcp,
thctrngvtnglaiphttrinkinhtcaqucgia,vnglnhthvaphng.
Cncvonhvny,ccqucgia,vnglnhthvaphngymnhchuyndch
ccukinhttheohngphhpvhiuqunht, nhmgpphngiiquytccbtn
kinhtvmvmbotngtrng mtcchbnvng.
4) Xc nh ng sn phm ch lc cng c ngha l xc nh ng i tng
khchhngv th trng tiu th tng cngp dng cch thngqun l vthc
hnhchtlngphhp.
imtviscnhtranhmangtnhquct,ccdoanhnghipphitorac
nhngsnphmbomchtlng,thnghiuvuytn,ckhchhngachung.
Munvy,ccnhsnxutphiutimimymc,thitbvcngnghsnxut
tintin,hinicngnhpdngccphngphpqunlchtlngmtcchton
dintheochunquct,pngvinhngihingycngcaocangitiudng.
1.1.3.Mtslthuytlinquannxcnhvphttrinsnphmchlc
1.1.3.1.ThuytlithtuyticaAdamSmith(17231790)
Adam Smithc coi l cha cakinh thchini. Tcphm lnnht ca
ngl'TheWealthofNations'xutbn1776.Trongtcphm,ngnhnmnhlichca
chuynmnhovnhucusinhrahthngcchthtrng,phnhiquahthnggi.
ClttnggnlinvinglLthuytlithtuyti(AbsoluteAdvantage).Trong
mhnhkinhtcin,ccnhhcgichorngtailgiihncatngtrng.Khi
nhuculngthctngln,phitiptcsnxuttrnnhngtaicnci,khngm

19

boclinhunchoccnhtbnthhskhngsnxutna.Trongiukin,
A.Smithchorngcthgiiquytbngcchnhpkhulngthctncngoivigi
rhn.Vicnhpkhunysmanglilichchochainc.Lichnycgilli
thtuyticahotngngoithng.
Do,cthnilithtuytillithcctrongiukinsosnhchiph
ngunlcsnxutracngmtloisnphm.Khimtncsnxutsnphmcchi
phcaohn(dohnchvngunlc)cthnhpsnphmtnckhccchiph
snxutthphn(docuthvngunlc).Lithnycxemxtthaipha,i
vincsnxutsnphmcchiphsnxutthpsthucnhiulinhunhnkhi
bntrnthtrngquct.Cnivincsnxutsnphmvichiphsnxutcao
sccsnphmmtrongnckhngckhnngsnxuthocsnxutkhngem
lihiuqu.iunygilbpsyukmvkhnngsnxuttrongnc.
Ngy nay, i vi cc nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam vic khai thc li th
tuytivncnghaquantrngkhichackhnngsnxutmtsloisnphm,
cbitlcngnghsnxutvichiphchpnhncmphinhpkhucngngh.
Khinhp cngngh sn xut, laong trong nc shc c cch sdngmymc
thitbmtrcyhchabitvsauhhccchsnxutrachng.Vmtny,
vaitrnggpcangoithnggiaccnccngnghipphttrin (clithtuyt
ivcngngh)vccncangphttrin (clith tuytivngunlc)thng
qua bp s yu km v kh nng sn xutt liusn xut v yu kmv kinthc
cngnghcaccncangphttrincngcnhgillithtuyti[55].
1.1.3.2.ThuytlithsosnhcaDavidRicardo(17721823)
HcthuytlithsosnhcaD.Ricardonghincustraoihnghagiacc
qucgiadatrnnntnghcthuytvgitrlaong.Theohcthuytnythngoi
thng c li cho mi quc gia min l xc nh ng li th so snh. Ngha l vic
chuynmnhacamincphidatrnlithkhi ichiusosnhhaophlaong
chominvsnphmgiaccqucgia.Munxcnhlithsosnhtaphixclp
lithtuyti.TonbphntchcaD.Ricardovlithsosnhthcchtdatrns
khc nhau gia cc nc trongcng nghsn xut dn nnng sutvt cht v i
hilaong nvkhcnhau.
Xttrngcgiyutuvocngdnnlithsosnhvinntngcng
ngh nh nhau: cc nc pht trinc cung vt bnnhiu hncc nc ang pht

20

trindnnslngtbntrnminhncnglnhn.Ngclisnhncngtrn
mtnvtbncaccncangphttrinlilnhnccncphttrin.Nhvy
githutbnccncphttrinrhntngisovigithunhncngngcli
ccncangphttringithunhncnglirhntngisovigithutbn.
Nimtcchkhc,ccncphttrinclithsosnhvgithutbncnccnc
angphttrinclithsosnhvgithunhncng.
Qucgianosnxut hnghachmlngnhntuvommnhclith
sosnhcaomtcch tngithssnxutchngharhntngivsc
li th so snh v nhng hng ha ny. iu ny l gii v saoVit Namlixut
khunhiu sn phm th hoc s ch nh du th,than , thy sn ng lnh... hoc
hnghachmlngnhncngcaonhdtmay,giy dp...cnnhpkhumymc,
thitbtccncphttrin[3].
1.1.3.3.ThuytlithcnhtranhqucgiacaMichealE.Porter (17721823)
MichaelE.Porterlngiaramnhcvchinlccnhtranhvmhnh
phntchcutrcngnh.Vlluncnhtranh,ngxutbnbacunschniting
thgiivcsdngtronghuhtccchngtrnhotoMBAcaccnc.l
cun''Chinlccnhtranh''xutbnnm1980,cun''Lithcnhtranh''nm1985v
cun ''Li th cnh tranh quc gia vo nm 1990. Trong tc phm Li th cnh tranh
qucgia,Portervndngnhngcslluncnhtranhtrongnccamnhvolnh
vccnhtranhquctvaralthuytnitinglmhnhKimcng.TheoPorter
thkhngmtqucgianocckhnngcnhtranhttcccngnhhochuht
ccngnhmchcththnhcngtrnthngtrngkinhdoanhquctkhihcli
thcnhtranhbnvngtrongmtsngnhno.Theong,khnngcnhtranhca
mtqucgiangynayliphthucvokhnngsngtovsnngngcangnh
ca quc gia .Khinn tng ca cnh tranh cng chuyn dchsang s sng to v tri
thcmi thvai tr caquc giacng tngln.M. Porter cho rng ccnn kinh tu
phitriqua3giaionphttrincnhtranh,l:cnhtranhdavoyutsnxut,
cnh tranhdavout,cnhtranhdavoimivsngto.Ccgiaioncnh
tranhphnnhngunlithctrng,bnchtvquymcanhngngnhphiimt
vicnhtranhquct.
Vicphnchiaccgiaioncnhtranhchmangtnhchttngivccquc
giahayccaphngkhngnhtthitphiiquattcccgiaion,nhngvicxc

21

nhcmtnnkinhtanggiaionphttrinnoslcschnhquyna
phnghochnhchnhschcngnhccdoanhnghiplachnchinlcphhp
sdnghiuqungunlc,nngcaonngsutvvthcnhtranh.
Hnh1.1CcgiaionphttrincnhtranhcaPorter
Nnkinhtnh
hngyut

Nnkinhtnh
hngut

Nnkinhtnh
hngsngto

Hiuqunh
chiphuvo

Hiuqunh
utmnh

Hiuqunh
imi

Ngun:Porter(1990)
Lithcnhtranhqucgiactoravthngquaqutrnhaphnghacao
.Skhcbitvgitrqucgia,vnha,cutrckinht,thitchvlchs,tonn
u th quyt nh s thnh cng trong cnh tranh. Cc quc gia thnh cng mt s
ngnhtrnthtrngtoncuvmitrngtrongnccahnngng,itinphong
vnhiuscpnht.Cccngtycahthuclithsoviccithquctnh
viccccithmnhtrongnc,nhcccnhcungcpckhnngtrongnc,
nhsphongphnhucukhchhngtrongncvslinktchtchcaccngnh
phtr.Nhvy,lithcnhtranhcthhiullithvngunlc,chihociu
kintnhin...mmt doanhnghip,ngnh,qucgiahayvnglnhthcthtoramt
suthvttrivsnphmsoviccithcnhtranh.Lithcnhtranhquct
gip cho cc doanh nghip c c Quyn lc th trng thnh cng trong kinh
doanh quct. Theo Michael.EPorter, li th cnh tranh caquc gia, aphnghay
vnglnhthcnhhngquytnhnnnglccnhtranhcangnhvsnphm.
Mtqucgia,vnglnhthclithcnhtranh ttstoralithcnhtranhchocc
ngnhvdoanhnghipthngquavicsnxutvcungngnhngsnphmuvithn
sovi ccqucgiavvnglnhthkhc.ngchorng,bquytmmtqucgiagthi
csthnhcngqucttrongmtngnhnhtnhnmtrongbnthuctnhlnca
mt quc gia. Bn thuc tnh ny nh hnh nn mi trng cnh tranh ca cc doanh
nghiptrongnc,thcyhaykmhmvictolplithcnhtranhvccoilcc
yutquytnhcamhnh,lcciukinvccyutsnxut,iukinvcu,

22

ccngnhhtrvbicnhcnhtranh,chinlcvccudoanhnghip.Bncnh,
ng cn ara thm2 yu tb sungl vai tr canhnc v yu tthi c. (Xem
MichaelE.Porter,2008) [21].
Hnh1.2 MhnhKimcngtrongnnglccnhtranhcaM.Porter
S
NGU
NHIN

CHINLC
CNGTY,CU
TRCVCNH
TRANHNIA

IUKIN
YUTSN
XUT

CCIU
KINV
CU

CCNGNH
CNGNGHIP
PHTRVC
LINQUAN

CHNH
PH

Ngun:LithcngtranhqucgiacaMichaelM.Porter
Quamhnh kim cng, Michael M.Porterara4 yu t quyt nh nng lc
cnhtranhv2yutchiphiccyutquytnhcamt ngnhbaogm:
v Ccyutquytnhnnglccnhtranhcangnh:
+ Chin lc cng ty, cu trc v cnh tranh ni a. Nhng iu kin kinh t,
chnhtrxhicamt qucgianhhngquantrngnvictchcvqunldoanh
nghipcngnhctnhcacnhtranhtrongnc.
+ Cc iukin v pha cu. Th trng trong nc vi s cu lnv cnhng
khchhngihicaovnhngcnhtranhtrongngnhkhclithnstorakhnng
cnhtranhcaohnchodoanhnghiptrnthtrngquct.
+iukinvccyutsnxut.Baogmchtlnglaong,vnr,csh
tngmnhvcngnghcaotrongkhuvchayqucgiasnhhngntnhcnhtranh
cangnh,cakhuvcvcacqucgia.
+Ccngnhcngnghiphtrvlinquan.Nnglccnhtranhcamtngnh
phthucvoccnhcungcpcchnghovccdchvhtr.

23

v Ccyutchiphiccyutquytnhnnglccnhtranhcangnh:
+ Vai tr ca chnhph. Chnhph c thtcng tinng lc cnh tranh ca
ngnhthngquac4nhmnhnt:iukinccyutsnxutiukinvcucc
ngnhcngnghiphtrvclinquanchinlc,ccuvmccnhtranhca
ngnh.Cctcngcachnhphcththeohngtchcchoctiucc.
iviccyutsnxutvccngnhhtrvlinquanchnhphc
thtcngthngquachnhschthu,vn, trcp,quyhochphttrinngnh,
ivinhucutrongnc,chnhphtcngbngnhngquynhmang
tnhchtnhhngnhucunhquynhtiuchunivitngmthngtrongngnh,
ccbinphpkchthchhockimhmnhucuivimtloisnphmnhtnh.
iviccuvmitrngcnhtranh,stcngcachnhphthhin
thngquanhngquynhvthtrngtndng,chnhschthuvccquynhvcnh
tranhtrongsnxut,kinhdoanhcangnhhngcth.
+Sngunhinhayvaitrcachi.Chilnhngskinxyratlinquan
ntnhtrngsnxut,kinhdoanhhinticangnhhng notiqucgia.Nhngc
hicthnvimthngcthl:nhngcuckhnghong kinht, thintai,chin
tranhccqucgia,khuvctrnthgiistinbvcngnghsinhhcsbibcc
hng ro thu quan hay phi thu quan ca chnh ph cc nc i vi mt hng no
lmnhucunhngninytngln,ygicthgiilncaohayngcli.
Hinnay,ccncangphttrin,trongcVitNamangngtrcnhng
chivthchthclnkhihinhpnnkinhttoncu.Lmthnotndngtt
thiccngnhcbinphpngnchnnhngtcngtiuccthinhplmtcu
himccqucgiauquantm.Cutrlil:miqucgia,vnglnhth cnphi
phthuyclithcnhtranhcamnhtrongmitngquanvinnkinhtthgii.
1.1.3.4 ThuytcmphttrincaMichaelE.Porter
c pht trin bi M. Porter (1990), l thuyt cm c s dng mt cc ph
bintrongvichochnhccchnhschcngcngvkinht.Cmctothnhkhi
cclithcnhtranhkotheosgiatng,sbtrli,sphttrinccngnh,snphm
tng t vo trongmt vng nhm tng khnng cnh tranh bng vic tngnng sut,
khuynkhchcccngtymicitin,thmchgiaccithcnhtranh,toranhng
chichocchotngkinhdoanh.Cmlstptrungvvtralcaccngnh
snxut,dchvnhm tndngccchiqualinktal(ChritianKetels,2003).

24

Cccngty thnhvincacmschiasccyucuvccmiquanhbntrongvi
nhcungcpvkhchhng.Ccmiquanhbntrongcngtyyucuccdchvb
sungtccnhtvn,otovhunluyn,cctchctichnh,cccngtychcht.
Cmstoralclnglaong,hnghoxutkhuvdchvchtlngcao,ktni
quanhgiacccquanqunlnhnc,cctrngihc,vinnghincu,ccqu
htrvccbnhuquan[47],[50],[51].
Ban u, Porter cung cp cc nguyn l cm cho cc cm quc gia v quc t
nhng sau nhn ras thch hp cho cccm vng kinh t trongnibqucgia.
Mtcmgingnhchuigitrtrongsnxuthngho,dchv,trongccngnhsn
xutclinktvinhaubidnghnghovdchvmnhhndnglinktchng
viphncnlicannkinht.Ccquanhtrongcmcphnthnh3loi:
(1) quanh mua bn bi s tp trung v hi nhp dc gia qu trnh sn xut
chnhviccuvovphnphihnghovdchv
(2)quanhgiaccithcnhtranhvccitcnhmkhaithcthngtinv
snphmvquitrnh,mrngscitinvcclinktchinlcv
(3)quanhgiathphnvnguntinguynbngschiascngngh,lclng
laongvthngtin.
Vicsdngkhinimcmnhlcngchiucqutrnhphttrinsn
phmchlccpvngvsnhhngcannvicnhdngvchuyngiao
chnhschphttrincmvphttrinkinhtvng.cpvng,ccchnhschphttrin
cmchtrbicccquanphttrinvngvgnviccchinlcphttrina
phng.Trongtrnghpny,stipcncmvnguyntccsdngnhlcng
cphttrinvngnhsnphmvkhnggianlinkthotngcangnhsnphm.
1.1.3.5Phttrinbnvngsnphmchlc
Nm1980,lnutintrongnphmChinlcbotnThgii(cHiphi
BotnThinnhinvTinguynThinnhinQuct IUCNcng b),thutng"pht
trinbnvng"xuthinvinidungrtngin:"Sphttrincanhnloikhng
thchchtrngtiphttrinkinhtmcnphitntrngnhngnhucuttyucax
hivstcngnmitrngsinhthihc".nnm1987,khinimnycph
bin rng rithng qua ni dung caBo co Brundtland(cn gi l Bo coOur
CommonFuture)caybanMitrngvPhttrinThgiiWCED(naylyban
Brundtland). Theobo cony th pht trinbn vng l"sphttrin c thp ng

25

cnhngnhucuhintimkhngnhhng,tnhinnhngkhnngpng
nhucucaccthhtnglai...".Nicchkhc,phttrinbnvngphibomhi
hagiaphttrinkinhthiuquvixhicngbngvmitrngcbov.
tciuny,ttcccthnhphnkinhtxhi,nhqunl,cctchcxhi...
phi bt tay nhau thc hin nhm mc ch dung ha 3 lnh vc chnh: kinh tx
hivmitrng.
Snphmchlcvsphttrinbnvng
Qutrnhtoncuhaiivitdohathngmiphttrinnhanhchngnh
sthcybicctinbcakhoahcvcngngh,lmthayiquantrngdin
mocaisngkinht,chnhtrvxhittcccnc.Qutrnhny mangn
nhiuchicngnhthchthcmivinguycphttrinthiubnvng.Dovy,vic
phttrinsnphmchlcnhtthitphicnnhcntnhbnvng,ludicachng
vttrongmiquanhtamgictriplebottomline,vi3cnhniccnh:kinht,x
hivmitrng.
Hnh1.3 QuanhgiaConngi TinguynLinhunviSnphm

CON
NGI

Ngun:Theothitksnphm

SN
PHM
CHLC

1) Lin quan
ngi:Phttrinsn
p ng cc yu cu

hngtiphttrinbnvng

TI
NGUYN

LI
NHUN

v x hi v

n yu t Con
phm ch lc phi
cngbng.

Phttrinsnphmchlcsgpphntothmviclmchongilaong

26

nngthn,cithinchtlngcucsngvgimthiutnhtrngmtcnbngtrongthu
nhpthunhpgiathnhthvnngthn.
2)Linquannyuttinguyn:Phttrinsnphmchlctronggiihnkh
nngchophpcatinguyn,ngunlcvhsinhthi.
Phttrinsnphmchlcphigpphngimsdng nnglnghathch, hn
chsdngcchachtchi,gimchtthicngnghipvlmschcckhuvcb
nhim,ngthingnngavicsdngqumcccnguntinguyntitovnc
chnngphrng,ximnt,ratrichtmuvphhyhsinhthi,gimtci
vsdngphngiasc.
3)Linquannyutlinhun:Phttrinsnphmchlcphitoragitr
mtcchcngbngchongitiudngvccbnlinquantrongchuigitr.
Phttrinsnphmchlccnbom khnngsinhlichoccdoanhnghip
v ccbnlinquan, to ragi tr hudngcao chongi tiu dng,mbo ni kt
giaccdoanhnghipvavnhvicccngtylnvcccngtyaqucgia,cng
nghipha,hinthavkhngngngtngquymsnxuthpl[42].

1.2. Phngphpxcnhvphttrinsnphmchchlc
1.2.1.Tiuchxcnhsnphmchlc
1.2.1.1. Khinimtiuchxcnhsnphmchlc
Tiuchxcnhsnphmchlclmthocmtschtiunhlnghoc
nh tnhm theo,ngi ta c thnhnbit csnphm no cu th trong sn
xut,kinhdoanhhoccnhtranhtrnthngtrngcngnhnlsnphmchlc.
Theoquanimcamts nhnghincuthcthtipcnvn nytcc
khacnhnhsau:
Mtl,phixemxt,nhgivlachnsnphmchlcdatrnchainhm
tiuch,tiuch cnvtiuch .
+Nhmtiuchcn:lnhngyutniticamtsnphmcthnom
chngcthgipsnphmpngcnhngihicaxhi,cbitlpng
cccmctiucanhqunlnh:cquymln,chimttrngcao,npngnsch
ln, gii quyt nhiu lao ng... Khi mt sn phm c cc yu ny th snphm
ccoilsnphmchlc.
+Nhmtiuch:lnhngyutmsnphmchlcihivphaxhi.
Chnghnnh:phictinguyn,ngunnhnlc,utxydngthnghiu,chnh

27

schhplTrnthct,khiccdoanhnghiphaynhncpngttnhngihi
nythsnphmbnhthngvncthtrthnhsnphmchlc.
C thnirng,tiuchcn lmctiu cuicngmmtsnphm phihng
ti,cntiuchlnhngyutmxhiphiquantmmbosnphmt
nmctiucamnh.
Hail,khixemxt,nhgilachnsnphmchlcphicnnhcyc
haitiuch,tiuchnhlngvtiuchnhtnh.
Mcdmiphngphpxcnhsnphmchlcucgnglnghan
mctiactharaktqukhchquan,chnhxc,nhngtrnthctkhngth
quyttcccyutkinhtvxhithnhcccons.lchakcncnhiubin
skhlngcthlmolnmitnhton.Chnhvvy,cnthitphixydngc
hailoitiuchnhtnhvnhlng.Tiuchnhlngdatrnccsliuthngk,
phntchbngccthutton,cntiuchnhtnh ch yudatrnccyutkinht,
chnhtr,xhicxcnhbngkinthc, kinhnghimcaccchuyngia[37].
Tuynhin,trongnhiutrnghpcngcnphivndnglinhhot,khngcng
nhckhisdngcctiuch.Chnghn,ctiuchvlthuytcthnhlngnh
nhucuthtrng,gitrthnghiu,nhngnukhngthom,tnhtonccc
chtiuolngmtcchchnhxcthnhphisdngnnhltiuchnhtnh,
vivaitrnhgicaccchuyngia.Tuy vy,khixydngtiuch,cncgnglng
hacccnhginhlngvnhtnhthnhims dsosnhvlachn.
1.2.1.2.Yucuivitiuchxcnhsnphmchlc
Tiuchxcnhsnphmchlcchbomcchtlngttvkhthikhi
nthamnccyucusau:
+Tiuchphibomtnhnhlng.Tiuchxcnhsnphmchlcc
thxydngdidngnhtnhhocnhlng.Tuynhin,bomrrng,minh
bchthcctiuchcnclngha.Nhngtiuchkhngthlnghacnh
ch tiu nhgimnhca thnghiu,biu trng vnhaaphngthcn c
tiuchtrunggiankhclmcsnhgi.
+Tiuchphibomtnhkhchquan,khoahc.Tiuchxcnhsn phm
chlccxydngdatrnccsliu,dkinkhchquan,khngpttheocm
tnhhaychchquancabtkai.ngthincnphhpviquilutvnngca
ccyutkinht,xhivnha.

28

+ Tiu ch phi bo m tnh c trng ca a phng. Tiu ch xc nh sn

phmchlcphithhincnhngctrngcatngvng,min.ylcsphn
bitmthnghacaaphngnyvihnghacaaphngkhc.
+ Tiu ch phibo m d hiu, d thc hin. Xy dng tiu ch xc nh sn
phmchlckhngnnsdngccmhnhtonphctp,tritlcaosiuhayvindn
quanhcolmchovicpdngtiuchvothctgpkhkhnphctp.
+Tiuchphibomtnhcngkhai.Tiuchxcnhsnphmchlccaa
phngcncxydngtpthvcngbrngrichomiitngclinquanu
bit.Vicxydngvcngbnynhtthitphicthchinngaytkhibanhnh
chngtrnhhayqui nhvhtrphttrinsnphmchlccaaphng. [2],[8]...
1.2.1.3.nghacavicxydngtiuchxcnhsnphmchlc
Vicxydngtiuchxcnhsnphmchlccnghartquantrngcv
mtgitrvtchtlngitrtinhthn.Cth:
+Tiuchxcnhsnphmchlclthcogitrnitivkhchquanca
hngha.Nphnnhtrungthcvkhnngpngnhngihicathtrng,ca
xhicngnhcanhqunl.Thngquacctiuchnhgi,ngitacthnhn
bitcsnphmchlcangshunhngtnhnng,chtlnggvckhnng
thamnnhucucangitiudngtiu.
+Tiuchxcnhsnphmchlccnlnhngyuschvphaxhivnh
qunl.Nupngcnhngyuschnythsnphmsiukintrthnhsn
phmchlc.Nhvy,cngcthxemhthngtiuchnhgilkhunmuchocc
chnhschutvcngngh,sdngtinguyn,ototaynghvccchnhschh
trcaNhnc.
+Tiuchxcnhsnphmchlc,khicthanhn,lmtvnbncgi
trphpl,chiphimihotngcaccnhsnxutkinhdoanh,nhhochnhchnh
sch v nh qun l. pht trin sn phm ch lc, cc nh sn xut phi iu chnh
cngngh,tchclisnxutvpdngcchthngqunlchtlnghpchun.S
khng cn ty tin, chquanxem thngqui chun thng thy i tngny. Nh
hochnhchnhschvnhqunlslylmmctiunhraccbinphpt
chcthchinthchhp.
+ Tiu ch xc nh sn phm ch lc l mt bn tuyn ngn v cht lng ca
hngha, th hin s cam kt v trch nhim cadoanhnghip,nh sn xutvi cng

29

ng, x hi. Thng qua h thng tiu ch xc nh sn phm ch lc, ngi tiu dng
hiucrngnhsnxutslm g,lmnhthnovchutrchnhimrasaotrong
viccungcpcctinchthamnnhucucahchnhtrongsntrongphmca
ccnhsnxut.
+Hthngtiuchxcnhsnphmchlclbntuynbsmngcacc
doanhnghip,ccnhsnxutkinhdoanh,cgitrludivmcch vgip phn
bitcdoanhnghipnyvinhngdoanhnghipkhc.Cthgilphtbiuca
mtdoanhnghipvtritlkinhdoanh,nhngnguyntckinhdoanh,thhinnimtin
vtmnhncadoanhnghip[2],[8],[16],[17],[37]....
1.2.1.4.Nidungcctiuch
Xutphttccvnbnluntrny,cththyvicxcnhsnphm
chlccaqucgia,aphnghayvnglnhth cndatrncctiuchnhlng
vnhtnhsauy:
v Nhmtiuchnhlng:
C tc dngnh gi kh nng sn xut, mc ng gp vo tng trng kinh t
vngvlithcnhtranhvmtnhlngthngquaccsliuthngkhociutra
thuthpcquaccthik.Nhmnyc10tiuchgm:
(1)Ttrngcasnphmsovi tonvng(ROV).
Ltlsosnhgiagitrsnlngcasnphmchlcvngvitnggitr
snlngcavngctoratrongmtthikxcnh.Tiuchnyphnnhmc
tptrunglaongxhicasnphmtimtvng,minhayaphngcthhin
thngquagitrsnlng,gitrgiatng....(Lindqvistetal,2003Karlsson,nm2008
Solvell et al, 2009). Tiu ch ny cn phn nh tm quan trng ca sn phm ch lc
thngquasnggpgitrcanvothnhtchchungcacvng,min,aphng.
Ttrngnyctnhtheocngthc:

ROV =

OVP
x100
OVR

Trong:
OVP:Gitrsnlngcasnphmchlc
OVR:Tnggitrsnlngcatonvng

(1.1)

30

Nuttrngnycngcaochngtsnphmchlcangxtcngquantrngi
vivngvnnggpgitrlnv csctcngmnhnktqusnxutkinh
doanhcatonvng.
(2) Hsaphnghacasnphmtrongvng(LQir)
Hsaphngha(LocationQuotient)gipolngmctptrungchuyn
mn ha ca vng, min hay a phng v lnh vc khu vc i trong mi quan hvi
vnglnhthlnhnR(thnglmtqucgia)vtrongtonbnnkinht(tcl,tt
c cc lnh vc cann kinh tca mtquc gia). Thngquahsny, ngi tathy
cmctptrungchuynmnhacamtngnhhaysnphmnotimtvng,
minhayaphngsovimctptrungchuynmnhangnh,snphmca
vnglnhnhaytrncnc((MaggionivRigginm2008).
Hsaphnghacthhintheocngthc:

LQir =

Xir / XIr
XiR /XIR

(1.2)

Trong:
Xir:Gitrsnlngsnphmloii cavng,min,aphngr
XIr:Tnggitrsnlngtrongvng,min,aphngr
XiR:Gitrsnlngsnphmi tonngnh(khuvclnhnhaycncR)
XIR:Tnggitrsnlngcac nc(hockhuvclnhnhaycncR)
Thc tnghincucaccncchothynuLQ<1,chobitvng,minhaya
phng angxt cttimnngphttrinsnphmiLQ>1,chobitvng,minhaya
phngangxtnhiu hayttim nngphttrin snphm i v khi LQ1,25, cho bit
vng,minhayaphngangxtctimnngcbitphttrinsnphmicnh
tranhtoncu(Florida StateUniversity,2010).
(3)Tctngtrngcasnphmtrongvng(Grw).
Tiuchnychobitmctngtrngvsnlng,gitrsnlnghocgi
trgiatngcasnphmchlc.Nphnnhkhnngvtrinvngphttrincahng
hachlctrongtnglai.
Tctngtrngcasnphmcthnhnctsbocohngnmcaa
hoctnhtheocngthc:

31

Grw =

OV1 - OV0
x100
OV0

(1.3)

Trong:
OV1 :Gitrsnlnghocsnlngcasnphmtithiimxemxt
OV0 :Gitrsnlnghocsnlngcasnphmtithiimnhgcsosnh
Tiuchnycthxemxtquanhiunm.Nutctngtrngtrungbnhcng
caochngtsnphmchlccavng,minhayaphngangxtcngckhnng
vtrinvngtngtrngtt,nnhvbnvng.
(4)Hsvttricasnphm(CGrw).
Tiuchnyphnnhkhnngvttricahnghachlcivitonngnh
kinht.Nuhsnycngcaochngthnghachlcangxtgivaitrquytnh
trongvichnhthnhmctngtrngchungchotonngnh.
Cngthcxcnhhsvttricdng:

CGrw =

GRWi
GRWs

(1.4)

Trong:
GRwi:ltcphttrincasnphmi
GRWs:ltcphttrinchungcatonbngnh(khuvc)kinht
Sdnghsvttrinhgimcnhhngcatngtrngsnphmi
n tonbngnh kinh t (nngnghip, cng nghip, thngmidch v) snphmi.
Nu CGrw < 1, vic pht trin sn phm i s lm tng t trng gi tr sn phm i trong
ngnh nn s nh hng tiu cc n tng trng ngnh kinh t (ko gim tc tng
trngcangnh)NuCGrw>1,vicphttrinsnphmyslmtngttrnggitrsn
phmitrongngnhnnsnhhngtchccntngtrngngnhkinht(ynhanh
tctngtrngcangnh).
(5)Ttrngxutkhucasnphmsovitonvng(REX)
Ltlsosnhgiagitrxutkhucasnphmchlcvitnggitrxut
khu ca ton vng. Tiu ch ny phn nh tmquan trng ca snphm ch lc trong
lnhvcxutkhuthngquamcnggpcantrongtnggitrxutkhucaton
vngcngnhkhnngnggpngoitchoaphngthngquasnggpgitr
xutkhucanvothnhtchchungcacvng,min,aphng.

32

Ttrngnyctnhtheocngthc:

REX =

EXP
x100
EXR

(1.5)

Trong :
EXP:Gitrxutkhucasnphmchlc
EXR:Tnggitrxutkhucatonvng
Nuttrngnycngcaochngttnhchlccasnphmangxtcngmnh
vnnhhnglnnthnhtchxutkhuchungcatonvng.
(6)Hslithsosnhhinhu nia(RCAD)
L ch tiu phn nh kh nng cnh tranh trong xut khu ca vng v mt sn
phmcthtrongmitngquanvimcxutkhucacncvsnphm .Nut
trng xut khu ca vng v snphm ch lclnhn ttrng snphmcng loi
trongtngxutkhucacncthvng,aphngangxtccoilvngcli
thsosnhvloisnphm.
Cngthctnhhsnynhsau:

RCAD =

EXir / EXr
EXiN /XN

(1.6)

Trong:
EXir:Gitrxutkhusnphmicavng,aphngr
EXr:Tnggitrxutkhucavng,aphngr
EXiN:Gitrxutkhusnphmicacnc
EXN:Tnggigitrxutkhucacnc
NuhsRCAD lnhn1thvnghayaphngangxemxtccoilc
lith so snh ni a vsnphm i. H sny cng cao thli th so snhcng cao.
Ngcli,nuRCAD nhhn1thvnghayaphngangxemxtccoilkhng
clithsosnhniavsnphmi.
(7)Hslithsosnhhinhu thgiicasnphm(RCAW)
Lchtiuphnnhkhnngcnhtranhtrongxutkhucaqucgiavhngha
chlctrongmitngquanvimcxutkhucacthgiivhngha.Nut
trngxutkhuca qucgiavhnghachlclnhnttrnghnghatrongtng
xutkhucacthgiith qucgiaccoilclithsosnhvhngha.

33

Cngthctnhhsnynhsau:

RCAW =

EXiN / EXN
EXiw /XW

(1.7)

Trong:
EXiN :Gitrxutkhusnphmicaqucgia
EXN:Tnggitrxutkhucaqucgia
EXiw:Gitrxutkhusnphmicathgii
EXW:Tnggigitrxutkhucacthgii
NuhsRCAW lnhn1th qucgiaangxemxtccoilclithsosnh
quc t v snphm i. Hs ny cng cao th lith so snh cng cao. Ngc li,nu
RCAW nhhn1thqucgiaangxemxtccoilkhngclithsosnhquct
vsnphmi.
8)Hsthngmirngcasnphm(NTR)
Lch tiuphn nhmi tng quan gia xut v nhpkhu cahnghacng
loivihnghachlc.
Cngthctnhhsthngmirng:

NTR =

EXi - IMi
EXi + IMi

(1.8)

Trong:
EXi:Gitrxutkhusnphmi
IMi:Gitrnhpkhusnphmi
NuhsNTRcgitrlnhn0thqucgiaangxemxtclithsosnh
snphmi,cnnuNTRnhhn0thqucgiaangxemxtkhngclithsosnh
snphmi.GitrNTRgnbng0ltnhtrnglithkhngrrng
(9)Hsbohhiudngcahnghachlc(EPR)
Hsbohhiudngcamtsnphmlchnhlchgiagitrgiatngtnh
theo gi trong nc cangnh snphmv gitrgia tng tnhtheo gi th gii ri
chiachogitrgiatngtnhtheogithgii.ERPLchtiuphnnhmcboh
trongncivihnghachlchocnguynliuuvosnxuthnghachlc
thngquathuquan.

34

Mcbohhiudnglmtnggitrgiatngtrongncvctnhtonbng
cngthc:

ERP =

AVPD - AVPW
AVPW

(1.9)

Trong:
AVPD : lgitrgiatngtnhtheogitrongnc
AVPW:lgitrgiatngtnhtheogithgii.
Hsbohhiudngcthcgitrm,cthcgitrdnghocbng0.
Hsnythngcgitrmivinhngngnhcngnghipcthmnhxutkhu,
bivkhithunhpkhuivingnhbng0,trongkhiuvosnxutli
phichuthunhpkhu.VictnhtonAVPD vAVPW cndavobngcnilin
ngnhI/0.
10)Hschiphngunlctrongnc(DRC)
DRClchsthngcdngnhgilithsosnhcangnhhngthng
qua xem xt tnh hiu qu ca ngun lc trong nc c s dng sn xut ra sn
phm.DRCbiuthtngchiphcaccngunlctrongnccsdngtngng
vi1nvtintthuctsnphmembn.Do,DRCnhhn1cnghalsn
phmclithsosnhvngcli.DRCcngnhthlithsosnhcngcao.
Cngthctnh:

DRC =

(PV - DIV - FIV)

FIVi
Pi(1)
PVi

(1.10
)

Trong:
PVi:Gitrsnxutcamtnvsnphmi
DIVi:Gitruvoniatrongmtnvsnphmi
FIVi:Gitruvonhpkhutrongmtnvsnphmi
Pi:Ginhpkhucamtnvsnphmi(tnhtheoginia)
HsDRC>1cnghalphitnhn1ngchiphngunlctrongncto
ra1 nggitr giatngtheogithgii,nnkhnghiuqu.[10],[43],[46]
v Nhmtiuchnhtnh:

35

Lcctiuchkhlnghamchcthddngthuthpthngtinthngqua
ccphngphpnhtnhnhphngvn,khost....
Nhmnyc5tiuchgm:

(1)Quimthtrng
Chtiunychobitquimthtrngtiuthhnghachlcrnghayhp,ni
ahayquct.Quimthtrng,cbitthtrngquctcngrngln,nilnkh
nngphttrinnnhvbnvngcahnghachlctrongtnglailudi.
(2)Ngnhcngnghiphocdchvphtr
Chtiunyphnnhbicnhtcngtbnngoicthunlihaykhngi
vi qu trnh sn xut v cung nghngha ch lc. Ngnhcngnghip hocdch v
phtrcngadngvphttrinthhnghachlccngciukinphttrintt.
(3)Mclantancclnhvc,ngnhnghkhc
Ch tiunyli chobit s pht trin cahng ha ch lc s c li cho nhng
ngnhnghnotrongnnkinht.Mclantacnglnchngtvaitrcahngha
ch lc cng quan trng bi s tn ti vpht trin ca hng ha ch lc gp phn
quantrngchosphttrincannkinhttrongvng.
(4)Antonvthnthinvimitrng
Snxutgnvimitrngangcxemlvkhtngsccnhtranhca
doanh nghip trn thng trng. Mtngnh sn xut khngphhy cn bngh sinh
thi, khng nhim mi trng t nhin, khng nh hng n sc khe cng
ngcxhithanhn,phplutbov.ychnhliukingnnhtinquyt
phttrinhnghachlcmtcchbnvng.
(5)ChnhschuicaNhnc
Nidungbaogmuitrongsdngtai,vayvn,thusut,ut,Mt
ngnh sn xut nu c nhiu chnh sch u i s c nhiu thun li hn cho cnh
tranh,tchcut,snxutcngnhcung ngsnphmrathtrng. [2],[8],[16].
1.2.1.5Xydngkhungthangimvxcnhimchuntiachotiuch
Xydnghthngcctiuchxcnhsnphmchlclviclmcnthit,
cnghacbitquantrngvlcsxemxtccyutlithcnhtranh,tim
nng,ngunlccngnhccyutlinquanniukinvmitrngkinhdoanh
khc.Tuynhin,nuchdnglithcha,vchaccsnhlngxc

36

nhmctccacctiuchtrn.Dovy,bncnhhthngcctiuchxc
nh snphm ch lc,phixy dng khung thangimvi imchunti a choh
thngtiuchcngnhtngtiuchcth.
+Vimchuntia.ylbiuthmctccahthngcctiuch
lcsaraquytnhvicccngnhnmtsnphmnolsnphmchlc
haykhng(xtvmtnhlng).imchuntiacahthngcthl10,20,50
hoc100,tyvoquytnhchquancangixydng.Tuynhin,mbovic
nhgichnhxcnmcphntrm(1/100),cnchntheothangimbchphn,ti
al100 im(thctnhiuaphngtrongnclm).
+Vimchuntiachotngtiuch.ylbiuthmctccamt
tiuchcthlcsxemxtmctcvmtnhlngcamtyutno
.Domitiuchcmcquantrngkhcnhaunnkhixydngthangimchun
chomitiuch,cntinhnhtheophngphpchuyngiathngquaphngvnbng
bngcuhithuthpthngtin,xlvtmratrngschomitiuch.
Nugii(i=1,2,3,4,5...n),lccphngntrlichomicuhitrongthango
vcngltrngscaphngnlachntlngichntrliphngnlr(r=%
casngithamgiatrli)vy,trngscamttiuchcthnochnhlir.
T,nugitltiuchtht(vit=1,2,3,4,5...m)thtngtrngscachthng
cctiuchicbitlir.BygigiPltngimchuntiacahthngvPt
limchuntiacatiuch.Vy,imchuntiacamttiuchctnhbng
cngthcsau:
n

ir
Pt = P. mi=1n

(1.11)

ir
t=1 i=1

1.2.2. Quitrnhxcnhsnphmchlc
Nhphntchphntrn,nhgivxtchnsnphmchlclmtviclm
cc k trngi vimiaphng,doanhnghip. N gp phnnng cao v th cnh
tranhvbomstnti,phttrinmtcchbnvngcamiaphngcngnh
doanh nghip. Chnh v vy m vic nh gi, la chn sn phm ch lc i hiphi
ctinhnhmtcchnghimtc,khchquanvkhoahc.

37

Quanghincuquitrnhnhgi,xtchnsnphmcaccaphngtcgi
nhnthy,mbocyucuny,BSCLcnthchintheoquitrnhvi4 giai
onviccnidungcngvicchyunhsau:
Hnh1.4Quitrnhnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlc
GIAION
CHUNB

GIAIONTHNGTIN
VTIPNHNNGK

chun

Khngchun
GIAION
NHGI

Thiuchun

Khngchun

LOI
B

HONTHIN

chun
GIAIONCNG
NHNTNVINH

Ngun:Tcgitnghpvxydng
1)Giaionchunb
Tronggiaionny,ccaphngthchinbc1caquitrnhvicngvic
chyulchunbvthtcmangtnhphpltrncsphntchiukinthctca
vngcngnhcatngaphngnh:
+Thnhlpcquanchochungvnhgi,xtchnvhtrphttrinsn
phmchlccatonvng.mboschomtcchnhtqun,trnhvicmi
aphngchothchintheocchringvlichmangtnhccb,cnhnhthnh
mtbphnchoctnhclp.Bphnnycnhimvthngnhtvmthoch
nhchnhsch,quitrnh,thtcphpl,chovgimstvicthchinivitng
aphng.Ngoira,bphnnyphicccaphngthanhnvphpnhnv
tdisqunlchungcaBanchoTyNamb.

38

+XydngBtiuchnhgixtchnsnphmchlcchotonvng.Btiu
chnyphimboccyucuchyunh:
Bomtnhnhtnhvnhlng.Cnutinxemxtcctiuchnh
lngkthpcnnhcmtstiuchnhtnhcnthit.
Bomciukincnviukin.TcBtiuchphivathhin
rkhnngpngccyucucathtrng,ngthichracnhngbcxc,i
himxhi,aphngcnhtr.
bomkhchquan,khoahc,thitnghcngvicnycngiaochoccnh
nghin cu v chuyn mn trong tng lnh vc nh sn xut, kinh doanh, xut nhp
khuphihpthchin.
+Xydngccchnhschhtrphttrinsnphmchlccavng.Mtsn
phm cthchatrthnhchlccavngdocnthiucciukinhtrcnthit
nhut,xydngvqungbthnghiuDo,ccaphngcnthngnht
xydngchnhschutin,htrchungsnphmtrthnhchlccavng.
mbotnhhiulckhithcthi,vichochnhchnhschphicccc
quanchcnngcthmquyntronglnhvctichnh,khochut,qunlnhnc
vsnxutkinhdoanhphihpvibphnchochungxydng.
+Thitkccthtcngk,mubiugiytcnthit.Cnhonthinccqui
nh,hngdn,mubiugiytcnthitlmcsphplvtoratnhthng
nhttrongchocngnhqunlhnhchnhtrongqutrnhthchin.
Vthmquyn,ccthtcnydobphnchochungsonthovccc
aphngphduyt.
2)Giaionthngtinvtipnhnngk
ylbc2caquitrnhxcnhvi2cngvicchyusau:
+ Cng b Chng trnhh tr pht trin sn phmch lc ca vng. C quan
truynthngcabphnchochungthngtintonbnidungchngtrnh,chnh
schhtr,ccquinh,hngdnngkthamgiavBtiuchnhgi,xtchn
sn phm ch lc cho tt cc doanh nghip, ngi sn xut c bit thng qua cc
phngtintruynthngphhp.
+Tipnhnngkvsnglcitngthamgiachngtrnh.Nhmbom
tnhkhthivtptrung,trnhdntri,bphnchotipnhnngkcaccdoanh
nghipvtinhnhsnglcvi2nidungsau:

39

Snglcsnphm ctrinvng.CncPhiungkcadoanhnghip
tham gia Chng trnh, b phn ch o c trch nhim tng hp, phn loi theo tng
nhmngnhkinhtkthutvlnkhochkimtra,khostthcttidoanhnghip,
saulnDanhschsnphmctrinvngtiptcxemxt,htr.
Snglcdoanhnghipcnnglc.CngtrncsPhiungkthamgia
caccdoanhnghip,ngthicncvocciukinquinhbanutinhnh
snglc,chnraccdoanhnghipcnnglcthamgiachngtrnh
Danh sch cc doanh nghip c nng lc v Danh mc sn phm c trin vng
thamgiachngtrnhnhtthitphicccaphngthngquavphduyt.
3)Giaion tchcnhgi,xtchn
Giaionny,ccHingchuynngnh (dobphnchochungthnhlp)
cncvohthngtiuch(cnhtnhlnnhlng),thangbngimcph
duyttchcnhgi,xtchniviccsnphmctrinvngcbphnch
ochunglachnvccaphngthngqua.Vicnhgi,xtchngiaionny
cthdnn3tnhhungvi3phngngiiquytvthchintheo2bcsau:
Bc3.nhgisnphmchlctrn2nhmtiuchnhlngvnhtnh:
Phngn1:Snphmttngimchuntheoquynhthcchuynthng
sang giaion 4 (Bc5. cngnhn v tnvinh snphm ch lc ca vng vu t
phttrinbnvng).
Phngn2:Snphmchlckhngtyucutheoimchunquynh (c
iukincnviukin) th bloirakhiDanhschccsnphmctrinvng.
Phngn3:Snphmchaimchuntheoquinhnhng mboc
cciukincnthchuynsangbc4(uthtrbsungiukin),sau
sxemxtnhgiliquytnhchuynsanggiaion4cngnhn,tnvinhhoc
loibrakhiDanhschsnphmctrinvng.
Bc4. Htrbsunghonthinsnphmchlc.
ylbcctnhchtdbivinhngsnphmcnnonimmtvi
tiuchnosovichun quinh.Trongbcnyccaphngcntptrung
uthtrvmttichnh,cngngh,qungb,tipthccnhsnxutnng
dnchtlngvthnghiuivisnphm.Saumtthigian,nutiuchuns
cxemxtcngnhnsnphmchlccavng(chuynsangbc5),ngclisb
loirakhiDanhschsnphmctrinvng.

40

4)Giaioncngnhnvtnvinhsnphmchlc
Vibccuicngny,Ban chocncnghcaHingchuynngnh
s, xem xt ra quyt ngh cng nhn snphm ch lc ca vng. Quyt ngh nyphi
cUBNDccaphngphduytvthngqua.ylcncphplccdoanh
nghipvnhsnxuthnghtrtheocccchcthcaaphngmnh.Bn
cnh,ccsnphmchlccnctnvinhvcngb,giithiurngritrncc
phngtinthngtinichngcaTrung ngcngnhaphng[2],[8],[16],[17]..

1.3. Kinhnghimphttrinsnphmchlccamtviqucgiatrong
khuvcngNam
Nhiu quc giatrn th gii, c bit l cc nc ng Nam c nt tng
ng v nhiu mt nh vng kinh t BSCL ca Vit Nam, rt kh khn trong
phttrinkinhtvounauthkXX.Tuynhin,gnyphttrinvt
bcnhvolachnvphttrinsnphm/ngnhsnphmphhptheomhnh
cmphttrincaM.Porter.Xindnchng3trnghpinhnhnhtnhsau:
1.3.1KinhnghimcaIndonesia
ChnhphIndonesiachorng,vimttncmkinhtnngnghipcngi
vaitrchlc,nngdnvnngthnvncnlabnquantrngthnhimvtrc
htlphicnhngchnhschtcngmnhmvocngnghipchbinnng,lm
sn.Chnhphcngtinhnhcitlikhuvckinhtninnhmmccht
nhnhamtbphnquantrngnincaNhnc,thuhtutcatbnnc
ngoimrngdintchtrngcycngnghipcungcpnguynliuchochbinxut
khuChnhphkhuynkhchtbntnhntrongncthamgiakinhdoanhnin
trn c s Nh nc cho vay vn vi li sut thp, min gim thu kinh doanh v cho
php phi hp vi Nh nc thc hin hp ng xut khu. T nm 1968, khuyn
nng cIndonesia xc nh l nhim vquan trng hng u.Trong , vic cung
cplago, nnhlngthccxemnhlmctiuchnh cakhochphttrin.
Nhchnhschkhuynkhchsnxutnngsnvcitohthngluthngnngsn
nhvymcngnghipchbincaIndonesiacnhngbctincnbn.Lnc
nhpkhugohnguthgii,Indonesiabtuttcclngthctnm1981.
Cc loi cy cng nghip c ch trng pht trin tiu th trong nc v tham gia
xutkhutrnthtrngnh:cph,cacao,caosu,htiuhttrngvhtiuhten.

41

Trongthik 19851996,Indonesiatptrungphttrinsnxutvxutkhuduc,cao
su,sn,hoa,tricy,cmdavduda,g.
NhngnmcuithkXXdonhhngcacuckhnghongkinht,nnkinh
t Indonesia b thit hi nng n. Tnh hnh chnh tr bt n v hn hn xy ra nghim
trng lm cho nngnghipncny khngpht trinc. Sau khi Chnh phmi
cthnhlp(6/1999)kinhtIndonesianichungvnngnghipniringcdu
hiuphchi:chinlcphttrinnngnghipmicaIndonesiathhinmtcucci
tsusc,cbitltronglnhvcluthngnngsnnh:xabcquyncaBulog
trongnhpkhulam,btm,utng,tivgoctgimthuquanvittccc
hng thcphmxungmc caonht l5%cho tdobunbn gia ccvng, loib
nhngcntrivivicbunbnvvnchuynmtshngha,gimcccntrphi
thuquanivithtrngnngsn,toiukinchocchkinhdoanhnhcchi
tngthunhpmrngtdobunbnthcphm,chuyndntcchhnhchnhsang
cccngctichnh,thtrngqunllngthcvnnhgimbogisn
theomcthchhp cho tng vngh trnngdn, thay cho vicbohngi tiu
dngtrcy.Trongvthuhoch khigixungquthpChnhphsmuavobng
gisnhtrchonngdnloibcquynphnphiphnbnvccvttthit
bnngnghipvtiuthsnphmcacchptcxchuynihthnghptcx
thnhcctchckinhdoanhhini,hotngtrnnguyntccnhtranhTngcng
chovaytndngivinngdnt1,4triuRupi/halnhaitriuRupi/ha,tnglng
tn dng cho vay tng t 1,9 nghn t ln 3,4 nghn t y mnh cng tc nghin cu
ging,chmdtscquyncacccngtygingqucdoanh,khuynkhchccthnh
phn kinh t tham gia th trng ny nng cao hiu qu ca cng tc qun l thy li
nhmnngcaohiuquvnngsuttrongnngnghipnguynliuuvocacng
nghipchbinnng,lmsn[45].
1.3.2KinhnghimcaPhilippines
Philippines lmttrong s cc quc giacli th hn trongcng nghip ha so
viccqucgiachulnggingkhc.Tuynhin,nngnghipvnlngnhchimt
trnglntrongGDPvlngnhkinhtquantrng,lunmbosnnhchokinht
x hica Philippines.Phn ln sn xutnngnghipl cc loi cy trngchotiu th
trongncnhgovng,vcy trngxutkhunhda, ma v chui.Trcy,
snxutnngnghipthngctinhnhtheoquymnh, nhnghinnaynct

42

chcthnh ccnrngln. Ngay t thpk 60, Philippines tinhnh cuc cch

mng xanh nhm tng nng sut cy trng bng cch p dng tin b khoa hc k
thut nh lai to ra cc ging la cao sn, phn bn ha hc, thuc tr su v xy
dnghthngthynng. tlu, Philippineslquhngca ginglacaosn
ti chu y c Vin Nghin cu La Quc t (IRRI) v l nc i u trong
vic pdngnhnggingladoIRRItora.Snxutla,da,malnhngngnh
ngh c qui m ln v mang tnh truyn thng. Trung tm sn xut lng thc ca
Philippines l vng Mindacao, chim 34% din tch Philippines, ng gp 34% cho
sn xut nng ng nghip ca Philippines, Chnh ph u t 1/3 ngn sch nng
nghipxydngvngnythnhvngsnxutchuyncanhla.Ngnhsnxutda
lngnh chnh trong nn kinh t Philippines, c bit trong vic thungoi t v to
cngnviclm.Khong90%lngdacancnycchbinthnhcida
kh.Trong,5%lngcidakhlxutkhu,95%chbinthnhdunv
du cng nghip khc. Ma ng c trng trn nhng n in ln, ng
PhilippinescnhptheoquotauivothtrngM.
V l mt nc nng nghip, nn Philippines chn pht trin ngnh cng
nghip ch bin nng sn. Chnhph Philippines ra ba mc tiu ca ngnhcng
nghip ch bin nng sn l bo m xut khucc mt hng truyn thng, tm cc
ngun hng nng nghip mi xut khu v t sn xut thay th nhp khu.
Philippines quyt nh thay i chnh sch nng nghip t bo tr sang tng cng
cnhtranh.Mtlotccchnhschphttrinnngnghiprainh:
Luthinihanng,ngnghip"(AFMA1998), cungcpccchnhsch
cbn cng viccbinphphinihanngnghipvthysn.Lutnynhm
mcch:(1)thchinccbinphp theotmquantrngcanngnghipvthysn
(2)mboslnhomnhmcaBNngnghipv(3)nngcpngnhnvdi
hnkhnnghnhchnhcaBNngnghipvcctchclinquan.
DnGMAlmtkhochtrunghncaPhilippines (19992001)nhmthc
hin AFMA1998. Theok hoch ny, d n la bao gm: (1) thchin an ninhlng
thcqucgia,(2)xaigimnghocclngnngnghip,(3)tngthunhpchonng
dn,(4)thchinnngnghipbnvng,v(5)nngcpkhnngcanngdn.
ChngtrnhnghscaBnngnghip(2001)baogm11mc:(1)thcy
victhchinccquynhchyucaolutHinihanngnghipthysnnm

43

1997, (2) tng cng cc binphp chng bun lu v ci thinmi trngu t, (3)
trittrinkhaithchinLutThusn,(4)spxpcccshtng,baogmccc
c s thy li v ng giao thng, (5) thit lp mth thng ti tr cho nng dn v
nhngngitngt,(6)tholunvtinguynnctrongnngnghip,(7)xemxt
ccdnGMA,(8)xemxtuitrongthcyphttrinkinhdoanhvtichnh,(9)
xctinphttrinMindanao,(10)cungcphtrtilpccquthuda,v(11)
cngctchccanngdn(ASEANJAPANCBProject).
Cthniylmtthpccchnhschlinquannsnxut,nghincu
chuyn giao cng ngh, khuyn nng, pht trin kinh t nng thn, thng mi, ti
chnh v th trng vi nhiu chng trnh, gii php c th nhm tng cng hiu
quvnnglccnhtranhchongnhnngnghip,mboanninhlngthcquc
giavtngtrngxutkhuchoPhilippines[54]
1.3.3KinhnghimcaThiLan
ThiLanlmtncnngnghiprtctrngngNam.Cthni,t
thici,cscannkinhtThiLanlnngnghipvangphttrinvinn
tnglnngnghip.Tcuinhngnm1980,cThiLanccngnghip ha
mtcchnhanhchngthhingiodcchtlngcaovsthnhvngcaThi
Lan. Chuyn dch c cu kinht theo hng gim dn t trng GDP cng nh xut
khutrongnngnghip. Tuynhin,nngnghipvnlmttrongnhngngnh kinh
tchlclmnntngchophttrinkinhtcaqucgiany.Snxutnngnghip
cphnbtptrungtheocmrirckhpnitrnlnhthnh: vithiu,du
tyv ccloitri cykhc tptrungBcThi Lanla go, ma,snctrng
nhiu khuvcngBc khuvcMin TrungThiLannitingvlagoxut
khu,ni y c mnhdanh l Ni cm ca Chu . Tng t, vng qu pha
NamThiLanlnitptrungcaccnincaosuvda.
V chnh sch pht trin nng nghip, bt u t nm 1961, Chnh ph Thi
LanthitlpccnhhngchnhschchoBNngnghipvccTchchptc
trongnngnghiptheotngthik5nm.Theokhunkhny,ccchnhschkhc
nhau cccpctrinkhaithchin.inhnhltrongKhochlnth9pht
trinnngnghipThiLan(20022006)ara4mctiuchyul:(1)nngcao
nng lc cnh tranh cahnghanng nghip, lm nghip vthysn (2) n nh
nnkinhtxhivcithinchtlngcucsngchonngdn(3)Tngcngt

44

chcnngdnvthitlpmngliphttrinnngnghipthchnghivikinthc
v vn ha truyn thng ca aphng (4) Ci thin h thngqun l trongnng
nghip,lmnghipvthysnvsdngtinguyntheocchbnvng.tcc
mctiu ny,unm2002ChnhphThiLandnhra124tBath(3tUSD)
ci thin ton din nng nghip trong 2 nm (2002 2004). Trong ch trng
nngcao chtlngsnphm,phttrinloigingtt,mrngtitiu,phttrin
cngnghsinhhc,phttrinccsnphmmi,cbitkhuynkhchvchophp
nng dn tham gia trc tip vo cc k hoch pht trin nng nghip v nng thn.
(ASEANJAPANCBProject).
Vcngnghip,ThiLan tptrungphttrinmnh cngnghipchbinvi
s phnbukhp cc aphng. Cng nghipch bin la go caThi Lan
baogmhngchcngncsxayxtln,vavnhcngvihthngkhocha
go, kho d tr, cc x nghip sn xut bao b ng gi khp cc th trn, thnh
ph, bn cng. Mt hng go sy ca Thi Lan ang "mt mnh, mt ch" v Thi
Lan ang y mnh sn xut mt hng ny ln ti 30% khi lng go xut khu.
Cngnghipmang,cngnghipchbinsncaThiLancngkhphttrin
visnlngkhonggn4triutnsnkh/nm.cbit,cngnghchbintri
cy v rau xut khuca Thi Lan pht trin kh nhanh vi rt nhiuchng loi t
da, xoi,da, chui,bi,mngct, rau thm v cbit l gia v... Hin nay,
Thi Lan l mt trongnhng nc ngu th gii v xut khu rauquch bin
sangthtrngccncM,Nht,EU.Trngvchbincaosucnglngnhkinh
tcgitrcaoThiLan.Nhmkhuynkhchnngdnchbintptrungnng
cao cht lng sn phm v gim chi ph sn xut, tng sc cnh tranh, Chnh ph
ThiLanhtrchonngdnsch100%mcaosutrncscchcnhucus
chphitnguynlinktlitrongcctchctqunnhtpon,hptcx,...
v ng k vi Qu h tr trng li cao su (ORRAF) c xem xt u t nh
mychbincquim,cngsutthchhp(nhmydoORRAFut100%vn
vgiaochotponhochptcxtqunl).Hinnay, ThiLanlqucgiac
nncngnghipchbincaosuttrnhcaovmttrongnhngncxutkhu
caosuhnguthgii.
Tuynhin,trcplccnhtranhtrnthtrngqucttrongxuthtoncu
ha, t do ha thng mi, nng nghip Thi Lan cng phi i mt vi nhiu kh

45

khn:chuyniccunngnghipdinrachm,nngsutthp,chiphsnxut
cao, gi nhn cng tng c s h tng v trang thit b sn xut km,nht l vng
pha Bc v ng Bc cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin b khai thc km hiu
qu...khcphctnhtrngny,BNngnghipThiLanarachngtrnh
uttheochiusutngcngkhnngcnhtranhccmthngchlcv
raccgiiphpthchhpchominhmhngxuynsuttsnxut,chbin,tiu
thchtrngvocngtcnghincukhoahc,tngcngutchothy liv
khoahckthut.Chnhphtrcptrctipchohotngsnxutvtipthca
nngdnthngquaqu"Htrchnhschchonngdn",gimthuxutkhunng
snvnguynliu.
gip ngnh cng nghip ch bin cnh tranh trn th trngquc t, Thi
Lannhhngmnhmvovictngchtlngnngsnphm.Ccnhut
chp nhn p dng h thng tiu chun cht lng "H thng qun l mi trng"
(EMS)choccsnphmchbin.CgngnygipsnphmcaThiLanttiu
chunquctnhISO/14000vvtquaccrocnvk thutvothtrng
quc t. Nh ni ting v cht lng, nng sn ch bin ca Thi Lan ang cnh
tranh quyt lit chim dn th phn ca Indonesia v Malaysia. Bn cnh , Chnh
ph Thi Lan tp trung khai thc th trng cc nc o Hi vi ch trng xy
dngtnhPattani(gipbingii Malaysia)thnhtrungtmsnxutthcphmcho
oHicathgii.ChnhphThiLanutkinhphxydngcshtng,
khuyn khchu t bngthu, tndng ui, gip cc nh u t nghin cu th
trng Ai Cp vNam Phi, thng nht vi Indonesia v Malaysia v nhnhiu,qui
tcqunlchtlngthcnHigiocaccncASEAN.nnay,221nhmy
snxutsnphmnycaThiLanivohotng[52].
1.3.4BihcrtrachoLunn
Cthni, nghincukinhnghimcaccnctrong vicxcnhv pht
trin cc sn phm nngnghip cngnh xy dng ccngnh hng cngnghip b
trnh chbinnngsn,lm snvthysn chothys cnthitcavicxc
nh ng n ngnh hng, sn phm ch lc trn c s tim nng, li th ca mi
qucgiac chnhsch htrphhptphachnhphnhmtoranhngng
lcvxunglcchosphttrinbnvngcangnhvsnphmchlc.Cthrt

46

rabihckinhnghimtsthnhcngcamtsqucgiatrongkhuvcquacc
nghincutrnynhsau:
Mtl, xc nhng ngnh, snphm ch lc ly lm im khi u
tinhnhquihoch,xclpchnhschhtrngtrngtm,trngim.
Hai l, phi hp ng b cc chnh sch v cc gii php trong tng thi k
nhtnh,cbitiviccngnhcngnghipchbinnng,lmthysn,bc
u phi c chnh sch boh v chngtrnhh tr cbit nh chng trnh tr
gip nghin cu, ng dng khoa hc cng ngh, vn u t... to dng thng
hiusnphmhocngnhhngxutkhuchlc.
Bnl,chtrngphthuycclithsosnh hinc thchinchinlc
phttrin snphm chlc,tovngvquihochutngbchoccvngsn
xutchuyncanhtptrungsnxuthngha.
Nm l,chtrngutxydngcshtng snxutnng,lmthysn.
imicngnghchbin,nngcaochtlngsnphmvhgithnh.
Sul,tngcngimihthngtipth,phttrinccknhsnxuttiu
th xutkhu,phnngnhanhtrcsthayinhucuv thhiucathtrng
v hnh thc, cht lng ca hng ha nhm nng cao li th cnh tranh, coi trng
chtnmrngvtolpthtrngmi.

1.4.Ktlunchng1
Snphmchlclnhngsnphmhnghahocdchvchyugivtrch
otrongphttrinkinhtcamtaphng,mtqucgiahayvnglnhth.yl
nhngsnphmvamangnghavmtkinht,vamangnghavmtvnha,tm
linh ca cng ng x hi. Trong mi trng kinhdoanhvi tnh cht cnh tranhngy
cng khc lit nh hin nay, sn phm ch lc tr thnh nhn t quyt nh n s
thnhcngtrongphttrin kinht,xhicamtaphng,quc gia hayvnglnh
th.Vntral,miaphng,qucgiahayvngkinhtphitmranhngsn
phmciukintrthnhsnphmchlctptrungutphttrin,trnhtnh
trngphntnlmsuy yungunlckinhtdnnsuygimsccnhtranhcaquc
gia.Munvy,trctincncphngphpphhpchovicxcnhsnphmch
lcviquitrnhvtiuchnhgi,xtchnchnhxc,mbotnhkhchquan,khoa
hc,thhinngtimnng,lithvctrngvnhacamiaphng,vngkinh

47

t.Vncnlilchnhschhtrphttrinsnphmchlccaccngnh,cccp
vhiuquiuhnhkinhtvmcaNhnc.
Vinghavtmquantrngnhvy,chngnyhthnghollunvsn
phm ch lc, vipht trin vngaphng trongqu trnh cngnghip hohini
havhinhpquct.Bncnhnghincuphngphpxcnhsnphmchlcv
aracctiuchnhgixtchnsnphmchlc trnabncc vngv a
phng, lunncsdngccmhnhlthuytvlithsosnh,lithcnhtranh,l
lunvphttrinkinhtaphnglungiivxcnhccnidungcbnvpht
trincmsnphmchlcchovngvaphng.Ngoira,Lunncngnghincu
kinhnghimtrongphttrincngnghipchbinnng,lmsn camtsnctrong
khiASEANcnttngngviukintnhin,vnhaxhirtrabihccho
VitNamnichung,BSCLniring.

Chng2
THCTRNGXCNHVPHTTRINSNPHM
CHLCNGBNGSNGCULONGTHIGIANQUA
2.1.TimnngvlithphttrinsnphmchlcBSCL
BSCLcn c gi lmin TyNam B,cdin tch tnhin khong4 triu
Km2 (chim12%dintchtnhincnc),lvngttrphnhtVitNamvcng
l mt trong 13 ng bng chu th ln hng u th gii. Nm trong tiu vng sng
Mekong,BSCLc3mttipgipbinpha ngBcgipThnhphHChMinhv
vngkinhttrngim ngNamB,TyvTyNamgipCampuchiavVnhThi
LanngvngNamgipBinng.Nuichiukhongcchsangccncxung
quanhthBSCLchimvtrtrungtmcangNam, rtthunlichocchotng
giao thng, vn ti bng ng b, ng khng cng nh ng bin vi cc nc
trongkhuvc.agiihnhchnhcaBSCLcxcnhbi12tnhv1thnhph
thcthucTrungng,gm:LongAn,TinGiang,BnTre,ngThp,VnhLong,Tr
Vinh,AnGiang,HuGiang,ScTrng,BcLiu,CMau,KinGiangvTp.CnTh.
Theo s liu thng k chnh thc t Tng cc thng k, dn s BSCL nm 2010 c
khong17,272triungichim19,87%dnscnc.Trong,ngikinhchimi

48

asvihn90%,scnlilkhmechim6,4%,dntcHoa,Chmvdntckhcc
khong3,6%.Theonhiunhnghincu,BSCLlvngtcnhiutimnngvli
thmangtnhcthrtthunlichophttrinkinht,xhinichung,snphmch
lcniring.lmrvnny,LunnsdatheomhnhkimcngcaMichael
E.Porterphntchnhngtimnngvlithgnnhcmtkhnghainy.
2.1.1iukinvccyutsnxutphttrinsnphmchlc
2.1.1.1iukinvngunnhnlc
Nhniphntrn, dnsBSCLnm2010hinc17,272triungi,chim
19,87%dnscncvmtdnsl426ngi/km2,caohntrungbnhchungc
nc(263ngi/km2).DnsnngthnBSCLc13,272triungi(chim76,84%),
caohnrtnhiusovicnc(69,83%).Sngitrongtuilaongcatonvng
c khong 10,129 triu ngi, chim 58,64% dn s, trong s lao ng c vic lm
chimti 76,2%.
Bng2.1.DnsvlaongBSCLsovicnc giaion20062010
Dnsvlaong

2006

2007

2008

nvtnh:1000ngi
2009
2010

Cnc
Tngdns

83.311,2

84.218,5

85.118,7

86.025,0 86.927,7

Dnsnngthn

60.265,4

60.472,2

60.445,6

60.440,3 60.703,3

DSt1560tui

44.904,5

47.160,3

48.209,6

49.322,0 50.392,9

51,9

53,7

54,6

Laongcviclm

55,5

56,4

BSCL
Tngdns
Dnsnngthn
Dnstrongtuilaong

16.946,9
13.426,1

17.042,0
13.451,2

17.129,5
13.440,4

17.199,9 17.272,2
13.257,1 13.271,9

9.354,8

9.772,7

9.895,2

10.046,2 10.128,7

T llaongcviclm
52,8
54,8
55,5
Ngun:Tngccthngknm2010

56,2

56,7

Theo s liu trong bng2.1, dn s BSCL tng t16946,9 ngnnginm

2006ln17272,2ngnnginm2010,tng1,92%cgiaion (thphntctrung
bnhcnctng4,34%cgiaion).Trong, dnsnngthncchiuhnggim
vngitrongtuilaongcviclmcngtngvluncaohntrungbnhchung
cacnc(t52,8%nm2006ln56,7%nm2010).Tuynhin,lclnglaong

49

quaotochuynmncnrtthpvitlcaonhtnm2010l7,9%,tnghnsovi
2005(7,2%).Trongkhitlnycacncl14,46%v12,5%.ngulBSH
vi20,7%nm2010sovi16,5%nm2005.
Bng2.2.Laongquaotoccvnggiaion2006 2010
Vnglnhth

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Cnc

12,5

13,6

14,3

14,8

14,6

TrungduvminniphaBc

16,3

17,8

18,1

20,9

20,7

ngbngsngHng

10,1

11,0

12,2

13,2

13,3

BcTrungbvduynhiMT

11,0

12,0

13,1

13,5

12,7

TyNguyn

11,0

12,0

11,4

10,9

10,4

ngNamb

19,6

21,4

22,5

19,6

19,5

7,2

7,9

7,8

7,9

7,9

ngbngsngCuLong

Ngun:Tngccthngk2010
Nhvy,vdnsvlaongBSCLcthmnhvccngnhnghkhngi
hichuynmnkthutcaonnphhpviiukinsnxutngin,cngnghsn
xutthpvthmdnglaong.
2.1.1.2iukinvtinguynthinnhin
1)Tinguynt
TngdintchBSCLckhong4,0triuha,trongkhong2,60triuhac
sdngphttrinnngnghipvnuitrngthusn,chim65,6%khong0,5triu
ha t lm nghip, trong t c rng chim khong 43% v t l che ph rng ch
chim5%.Ngoira,BSCLcncvng bitriungucncvidintchkhong
480.000ha,tronggn300.000hackhnngnuitrngthusnncmnvnc
l.TheoccnhkhoahctthBSCLc4nhmtchnh:nhmtphsasngvi
khong 1,2 triu ha, tp trung ch yu vng trung tm BSCL nhm t phn vi
khong1,6triuha,baogmcccloitphnnhimmnnngvtrungbnh,trong
tphntptrungtingThpMi,TGicLongXuynvvngtrungtmbno
C Mau nhm t nhim mn c khong 0,75 triu ha, kh cung cpnc ngt t h
thng sng ngi nn ch trng c la vo ma ma, cn ma kh nhiu ni c
chuynsangnuitmncmnvlvccloitkhcchvikhong0,35triuha,

50

gmtthanbn(vngrngUMinh),txmtrnphsac(ccBccaBSCL)v
tini(phaTyBcBSCL).
Nhnchung,taiBSCLrtthunlichophttrinnngnghipvccloi
cytrng,cbittrnglalthmnhgnnhtuyticavngtny.
Bng2.3.Dintchlatheoccvngtrncncgiaion20062010
nvtnh:1000ha
BTB&
TN&
DHMT
NB
1.206,9
511,8

Nm

Cnc

BSCL

BSH

2006

7.324,8

3.773,9

1.171,2

TD&
MNPB
661,0

2007

7.207,4

3.683,1

1.158,1

671,9

1.188,7

505,6

2008

7.400,2

3.858,9

1.153,2

658,8

1.210,3

519,0

2009

7.437,2

3.870,0

1.155,5

670,4

1221,0

520,3

2010

7.513,7

3.970,5

1.150,1

664,2

1214,6

514,3

Ngun:TngCcThngK
Quasliuthngkccnmgiaion20062010 chothy,ttrngcyhng
nm ca BSCL chim trn 50%, trong ch yu l t trng la, chim trn 90%
(chimn52%cacncgp3,3lnngbngsngHngvBctrungbduyn
hiMinTrung).tchuyncanhccloicymuvcycngnghipngnngykhong
150.000ha,tcylunmchimtrn320.000ha,chimkhong8,2%dintchtnhin
catonvng..
Bng2.4 Dintch mtscytrngquantrnggiaion2006 2010
Loicytrng
1.Cynqu
ccloi

2.Cyma

2.Cyda

Trong

2007

2008

2009

2010

Cnc (ha) 764.400

778.500

775.500

774.000

776.300

BSCL(ha) 276.896

281.675

279.049

255.348

258.918

36,18

35,98

32,99

33,35

Cnc (ha) 288.100

293.400

270.700

265.600

266.300

BSCL(ha)

69.496

66.792

64.032

62.990

61.843

Ttrng(%)

24,12

22,76

23,65

23,72

23,22

Cnc (ha) 134.870

136.600

141.000

144.900

147.000

BSCL(ha) 107.896

109.269

112.760

115.941

117.544

Ttrng(%)

2006

36,22

Ttrng(%) 80,00
79,99
79,97
80,00
79,96
Ngun:TngCcThngK vThngkkinhtxhicctnh,thnhBSCL2010

51

Tbng trnc th thy, BSCL l quhng ca cc loi cy m ngu l

cydavidintchchimkhong80%din tchdacnc.Kn chnh lcyn
qu v thba phi k n l cy ma vi din tch ln lt chim 35% v 23% ca c
nc.Trong5nmgny(20062010),dintchcamtsloicytrngquantrng
caBSCLcchiuhnggimnhngnhnchungtlbinngkhngngk.
2)Tinguynmtnc
DocimtnhinmBSCLcc3vngncngt,mnvl.Trong,
dintchvngtriukhong750.300ha,chimtrn26%tngdintchttnhinca8
tnhvenbincavngvchim74%tngdintchckhnngnuitrngthysntrn
vng triu ton quc. Vngbno C Maucdintchtimnng chopht trinnui
trngthysnmnlrtln(trn630.000ha).Nusosnhvicnc,dintchnui
thysnBSCLgivtrdnuvihn70%dintchcacnc,gp6lndintch
loinycangbngsngHng(khuvcngth2vdintchnuitrngthysn
sauBSCL)vgp14lnminngNamb.Cctnh cintchnuithysnln
nhtBSCLl:CMau,BcLiu,KinGiang,ScTrng,BnTre,TrVinh,trong
CMau,BcLiuvKinGiangchimkhong70%dintchnuithysntonvng.
Bng2.5.Dintchnuitrngthysntheovngkinhtgiaion2006 2010
Vngkinht

2007

2008

976,5
113,1

1.018,8
117,2

1.052.6
121,2

1.044,7
124,9

1.066,0
125,1

Trungdu&MNPB

33,8

36,2

37,9

40,0

41,0

BcTB&DHMT

77,6

78,9

77,9

79,6

79,9

8,5

9,3

10,7

11,1

13,0

52,3

53,4

52,7

51,5

53,7

691,2

723,8

752,2

737,6

753,3

Cnc
ngbngsngHng

Tynguyn
ngNamB
BSCL

2006

nvtnh: 1000ha
2009
2010

Ngun:TngCcThngK
Ngoira,BSCLcn shudintchvngbincquynkinhtrngkhong
360.000km2,chim37%tngdintchvngcquynkinhtcacnc.Tonvng
c khong 750 km chiu di b bin (chim khong 23% tng chiu di b bin ton
quc) vi 22 ca sng, ca lch v hn 800.000 ha bi triu (7080% lbi triu cao).

52

iukingiaothoamn,l,ngtcngtonnmtvngsinhthicth,himthy
trnthgii,rtthunlichophttrinsnxutthysnhnghotptrung.
3)Khhuthitit
BSCLnmtrongvngnhitiBcbncu,cnxcho,mangtnhchtnhitigi
ma,mtkhclilvngngbngvenbinnnkhhutrongvngcsphatrnkhhuhi
dngvinnnhitcaovlngmahngnmdido.Sgichiusngcaovphnb
tngingutrongnmmkhngkhtrungbnhdao ngt8388%Lngmatp
trongmama,chimkhong90%lngmacacnm.Mamatthng5nthng11v
ma kh t thng 12n thng 4 nm sau.Nhn chung, iu kin thitit kh hu cacca
phngBSCLlkhtngngvrtthunlichoccloicytrngnhitithchnghivi
nhit,mcao,nngnhiuvlngmatrungbnhtrongnmln.Tuynhin,ycngcn
lmitrngthunlichonhiuloicntrngphttrin,nntimnnhiunguycdchbnh,
nmmcnhhngxunsnxutnngnghip
2.1.1.3iukinv trithc,khoahc

1) Hthngtrngvcsoto
BSCLangtrnnghonthincshtnggiodcvotovihthng
13 trng ihc, 2 phnhiu (i hc Kin trc Tp. H Ch Minh v Thy sn Nha
Trang), 26 trng cao ng, 28 trng trung hc chuyn nghip. Bn cnh , mt s
trngkhcangchunbthnhlpnhihcQuctCnTh,ihcKthut
Cngngh....Nhvy,tnhncuinm2010,c10/13tnhtrongvngctrngi
hc,ttccctnhuctrngcaong. Hthngcsgiodcthngxuync
bnphkhpabn tnh,huyn.Ring lnh vcdy ngh, BSCLhin c 334 c s,
trongc8trngcaongngh,30trngtrungcpnghv127trungtmdyngh
(41%lcsdynghtthc).Minm chngvnsinhvin,hcsinh ttnghipra
trng.Trong,c10,1%sinhvinhcngnhNnglmngnghip,bccaongt
lnyl4,7%. yllclnglaongcchuynmnnhiutrnh khcnhaub
sungvongunnhnlcchoBSCL.
2)Vinnghincu
Ngoi h thng cc trng i hc, cao ng, trung hc chuyn nghip v dy
nghktrn,BSCLcnchthngccvinnghincuchuyngiaocngnghvo
tongunnhnlcctrnhchuynmncaochoccaphngtrongvngnh:Vin
La BSCL,Vin Nghin cu phttrinBSCL thuc trngi hc Cn Th, Vin
NghincuCynquminNam,VinNghincunuitrngthysnIIcaBNng

53

nghip&PhttrinNngthnngtiphaNam.Ccnvnycnhimvthchin
nghincucbnvngdngcngnhchuyngiaocctinbkhoahckthutnng
nghip thamgia oto saui hc, snxut v cung cp cc loi gingnng nghip
phcvcho phttrinsnxutvngBSCL.
Hin nay, cng vi h thng cc trng o to trong vng, h thng cc vin
nghin cu gi vai tr trng yu trong vic o to ngun lao ng c trnh cao v
cungcpchoBSCLnhngtinbmicakhoahccngngh,thitthcphcvcho
snghipphttrincngnghipha,hinihacavng.
2.1.1.4 iukinvvnut

Vnuttonxhitrongvnghngnmutng,tnhnnm2010tngvn
utxhivngBSCL tgp5,37lnnm2006,tngbnhquncgiaionny
khong23%/nm. Nu xt v tngtrng theo khu vc kinh t th vnu t trn c3
khuvcutngnhngtngmnhnhtlkhuvcII(cngnghipvxydng),khuvc
I (nnglm nghip v thy sn) v khu vcIII (thngmivdchv) c tc tng
chmhnnnccuvnutcchiuhngnghingvkhuvcII.
Tuy nhin, theo s liu th hin trn hnh 2.1, c cu vn u t bnh qun giai
oan20062010caBSCLvnnngvkhuvcIIIvittrng51,87%,khuvcIc
vnutphttrinchimttrngtnhtvikhong10,1%.

Ngun:NingimthngkcctnhthnhBSCL2010
V u t nc ngoi (FDI), ngaysau khi c lut u t nc ngoi, nm 1988
BSCLthuhtc4dnvitngvnutl7,8triuUSD,bng10%vsd
nv2,09%tngvnutcacncvquaccnmsliunyutng.
Bng2.6 FDIcnc ccpphptchlyn31/12/2010
Vngkinht

Sdnngk

Vnngk

54

Dn

(%)

TriuUSD

(%)

12.463
3.305

100
26,52

194.572,2
39.099,4

100
20,10

TrungduvMNPB

323

2,59

2.455,6

1,26

BcTrungbvDHMT

717

5,75

51.620,7

26,53

Tynguyn

133

1,06

791,5

0,41

7.377

59,19

88.610,9

45,54

565

4,53

9.439,9

4,85

43
0,34
2.554,2
Ngun:TngccThngk2010

1,31

Cnc
ngbngsngHng

ngNamb
ngbngsngCuLong
Dukh

Theo s liu bo co ca B u t (bng 2.6), nu tnh ring nm 2010, vng

BSCLthuht c70 dn vi tng vnu tng k t1,6 t USD chim trn
12%tngvnngkutcacncvngth3/8vng,chsauvngngNam
BvvngngBc.Nhvy,sauhn20nmthchinchnhschthuhtutnc
ngoi,tonvngBSCLc565dnFDIcnhiulcvitngvnngkgn9,5
tUSD,chim4,53%sdnv4,85%vn FDIngkcnc.Trong,vn FDI
lnhvccngnghipchbinchim79,1%vsdnv56,3%vvnngk.Long
Anhinlaphngdnucvsdnvvnngk,chim59,47%sdnv
37,07%tngvnngkKinGiangxpthhaivvnvikhong3,71%sdnv
29,56%vnngk.
2.1.1.5iukinvktcuhtnggiaothng

Vngb.Tnhnhtnm2010,BSCL c47.202,74kmngb,trong
quclckhong1.960km,tnhlc3.720km,nghuync8.402km,ngx
c33.119km.TuynnghuytmchcavngBSCLchnhlqucl1Abtut
Long An n t Mi C Mau vi chiu di trn330 km. H tr cho quc l 1A l 2
tuyntrcdcN1di235km vtuynN2di440km,niminngNambvicc
tnhBSCL.cbit,ngbcaotcTP.HCMCnThquym4lnxeavo
sdngonTP.HCMTrungLng.Dkinnnm2015skhingthmnhiu
dngiaothngmangtmcqucgianhdntuynngstTP.HCMCnTh,
honthnhtuynngbcaotcTP.HCMCnTh,tuynngHChMinhni
dintMi.Cngvihthnggiaothngnngthnangcccaphngu
t,hthnggiaothngngbBSCLsmbottcholuthngthngnivng,
ktnivicctnhngNambvTP.HCMcngnhtBSCLiccnclncn,

55

bomchohnghanngsnBSCLikhpnitrongncvvnrathgii,gp
phnphthclpgiaccaphngtrongvngcngnhgiavngvibnngoi.
Vngkhng.Hinti,BSCLc4 cnghngkhngquantrng,trong
Cnghngkhng quc tCn Th c lcnghng khnglnnhtvhininht
BSCLvitngdintchsnhn20.700m2cngsut35triukhch/nm,cngyv
m c th tipnhn cc loimy bay hngnngnh Boeing777300ER, Boeing747
400vtngng,ttiuchunphcvhnhkhchhngCcaTheotiuchunquc
t.Bncnh,BSCLcnccccnghngkhngnianhRchGi,PhQucv
C Mau, ng thi tnh An Giang cng xut Chnh ph cho ut thm snbay
Chuc.Hinccsnbaynychsdngccmybaynh,khaithccc tuynbay
ngnphcvdulch.Tiy,theoquihochphttrinhngkhngdndngcavng,
ccsnbaynycthtipnhncctuynbayqucttrctiptSingapore,Malaysia,
Indonesia,ThiLan,Campuchiati,hocbay tisnbayTnSnNht(hinnay),sn
bay Long Thnh (trong tng lai), BSCL s c nhiu c hihn m rng v khai
thcthtrngvntihngkhng trongnc,khuvcvthgii.
Vngbin.Lungtulnhngkhutphtrongkhaithclithvnti bin
caBSCL.Theosliuthngkgny,tonvngc20cngvitngnnglcthng
quan1214triutn/nm,trongcngCnTh,CiCuivnlcngtrungtmcac
vng. Theonhhngphttrinnnm2015,tmnhn2020,vngBSCLsch
thngktcuhtnggiaothngvntibinngbvtngihonchnhvicng
binlnngoikhuvcsngHu(tnhTrVinh)tipnhntu60.000tn.
ngthynia.Vikhong10.000kmknhrch,trongtuynngthu
niaqucgial2.857km,BSCLhin shumththnggiaothngthynia
chngchtrtthuntinchovicilicangidntrongvngvthngthnghng
ho.Ngoi2nhnhsngTinvsngHunthngvibinngbng9ca,BSCL
cn c nhiu tuyn sngngang,dcnh tuyn TP. HCMi Cmau di332km Tuyn
thnhphHCMiKinLngtnhKinGiangdi230km(haituynnycchungon
tTP.HCMiMThodi72km)Tuyn tBnTreiCMauvichiuditrn220
kmsngCiLncchiudikhong60kmchyquaHuGiang,KinGiang vra
binRchgivhngtrmconsngln,nhvknhokhctonnmngligiao
thng thy phong ph bc nht c nc v khu vc. Hng nm, h thng ny vn

56

chuyn ti32%hnhkhchv70% khilnghnghothmnhcavngnhlng

thc,thysnxutkhu,vtliuxydng
2.1.2Quimcuthtrngvccsnphmchlc
1)Thtrnglago

TheodbocaTchcnghincuthtrngEIU(EconomistIntelligenceUnit)
trongvng10nmti,nngsutlathgiitiptctngbnhquntrn0,7%hngnm,
trong70%tng trng v sn lnglath gii s t n , Indonesia, Vit Nam,
ThiLan,MyanmarvNigeria.Tuynhindotctngdnsnhanhhnnnhngnm
mctiuthgobnhqunungisgimkhong0,4%minm.nvTrung
Qucvnslccnctiuthgolnnhtvckhong50%lnggotiuthton
thgii.Ringnm2010,dokhhubinithtthnglmchosn xutlagochu
nhhngtiucc.Tin,dintchlagimkotheosnlnggogimt99
triutnninv2009xungcn89triutnninv2010tiIndonesia,snlnggo
ninv2010chctht37,1triutn,gim1,2triutnsovininv2009tngt,
Philippinesgim gn1triutnxungcn9,772triutn.Nhnchung,dintch lath
giininv2010chvo khong156,1triuha,gim1,7triuhaso vininv2009,
trong khinng sut khng tng lm gimsn lng,nin v 2010 c cht441,2
triutn,gim6,9triutnsovininv2009.
Bng2.7 Tiuthgoticcthtrngtrnthgiigiaion2007 2012
Ninv

nvtnh:triutn
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Tng

427,5

437,5

440,4

444,4

450,2

TrungQuc

127,5

131,0

134,5

133,0

134,0

90,6

93,2

90,5

93,0

94,8

Indonesia

36,7

37,4

37,8

38,2

38,7

Ccncng&Namkhc

115,3

117,3

118,2

119,5

120,8

ChuPhi

20,4

21,6

22,3

22,8

23,2

ChuMLatinh

17,2

18,3

18,2

18,7

18,9

Ccnckhc
19,8
18,8
18,8
19,2
19,8
Ngun:BNngnghipHoaK(USDA)EconomistIntelligenceUnit.
Cngtheodbo,thngmigotrntoncuscsphchinhvosgia
tngnhucunhpkhugocanhiuncChu.Trong,Philippineslncnhp

57

khugolnnhtthgii,d kinsnhpkhukhong40%trongnm2010,tmc
2,6triutnvstngmcnhpkhu2,5triutnminmtrongthigianti.Nunhu
cunhpkhu gocathtrngChuvChuPhitngsthcykhilnggiao
dchgothgiilnhn31,3triutnvonm2012v 33,4triutnnm2016.
ivithtrnggoVitNam,nusovinhngnmgnythtiudnggo
trongnchunhkhngcnhngbiniln,mcdquymdns ca VitNam
khng ngng tng vgovn c coi l lng thcthit yu. Nguynnhn l doi
sngcangidnngycngcnnglnnnlnggotrongkhuphncamigia
nh hu nh gim xung thay v p ng s lng nh trc y th mt b phn
khngnhdncchuyn sangdngnhngloigocchtlngcaohn.Vy,vn
ch yuvthtrnggo VitNam lxutkhu.Nhnu phntrn,dongun
cung trn th gii b thu hp to ra c hi cho ngnh xut khu go Vit Nam pht
trin. Th trng truyn thng ch o ca xut khu go Vit Nam ni chung vn l
Philippines,Indonesia,CuBa,MalaysiaviLoantrong,dnutrongnm2010l
thtrngPhilipines,chim21,4%vlngvchim29,17%tngkimngchthtrng
Indonesiaxpvtrth2vi9,98%vlngvchim10,65%tngkimngchth3l
Singaporevichim7,83%vlngvchim7,01%tngkimngch.
Bng2.8 10thtrngxut khugolnnhtcaVitNam,nm 2010
Thtrngxutkhu
(tnqucgia)
Phillipines

Khilng
(tn)
1.475.821

Kimngch
(1000USD)
947.379

Indonesia

687.213

346.017

Singapore

539.298

227.792

CuBa

472.270

209.217

Malaysia

398.012

177.689

iLoan

353.143

142.705

ckhuHngCng

131.123

65.176

TrungQuc

124.466

54.637

ngTimo

116.727

51.527

LinbangNga
83.696
Ngun:TngccThngk,2010
2)Thtrngthysn

36.059

58

TheoTchcNngLngthgii(FAO),tngcuvthusnvccsnphm
thusntrnthgiidkinst183triutnvonm2015,vitctngtrng
bnh qun 2,1%/nm. Tiu th thu sn tnh theo u ngi trn ton cu s tng bnh
qun 0,8% trong giai onnnm2015, gim so vimc 1,5% t c trong 20
nm trc.Tiu th c v snphm cbnhqun u ngidbo st 13,7 kgvo
nm2010v14,3kgvonm2015,trongkhinhucuvshellfish(thusncv)v
ccsnphmnuikhcstmctngng4,7v4,8kg/ngi.
Bng2.9 Dbotiuththusntheomcchvtheonhmncn2015
nv:Triutn
Mcchvqucgiatiu
ththysnnnm2015

2005

2010

2015

Thgii
Tiudngchothcphm

144,5
107,5

157,2
117,2

Haohtvtiudngkhc

37

40

74,5

82,4

Bnhqun giaion(%)

2010/2005

2015/2010

183.0
138,0

1,70
1,75

3,08
3,30

45,0

1,60

2,40

2,05

4,05

Trong
Ccncangphttrin

Ccncphttrin
33,0
34,8
1,40
1,88
(Ngun:FAO,Futureprospectsforfishandfisheryproduct:
mediumtermprojectionstotheyears2010and2015)
FAOcnchobitthm,trongtnglnggiatngnhucuthusndnglmthc
phm(khong40triutn),c46%mctngldodnstng,54%cnlildokinht
phttrinvccnhntkhc.Ccncangphttrinsdnuvmctngnhucu
tiuthtnhtheoungivimctngdkinl1,3%,trongkhiticcncpht
trinmctngnhucutiuthtnhtheoungibnhqunminmgim0,2%.Bn
cnh,FAOcngaradbovtngsnlngthusncathgiistmc159
triutnvonm2010v172triu tnvonm2015vitctngtrngbnhqun
1,6%/nmgiaion20102015(bng2.9).Stngtrngny chyunhvotngsn
lngthusnnui,ckhong73%snlnggiatngvdkinschim45%trong
tngsnlngthusntoncuvonm2015.
Bng2.10 Dbosnlngthusnthgiinnm2015
nv:Triutn
Nguncungthysn

2005

2010

2015

Sosnhgiaion(%)

59

thgii

2010/2005 2015/2010

Tngsnlng
Snlngnhbt

140,5
95,0

159,0
95,5

172,0
94,5

2,50

Snlngnuitrng
45,5
63,5
77.5
6,95
(Ngun:FAO,Futureprospectsforfishandfisheryproduct:
mediumtermprojectionstotheyears2010and2015)

1,60

4,10

Nhktqutrongbng2.10,ccncangphttrindkinstng2,7%/nm,
trong thu sn nhbt d kin ch tng 1%/nm.Do vy, phn lnmc snlng
tngsltphathusnnui,visnlngdkintng4,1%mtnm.ylchi
lnchongnhthysnccncangphttrintrongcVitNam.Cthni,y
chnhltinVitNamcthtrthnhcngqucxutkhuthysntrongtng
lainhtngivigo.
VxutkhuthysnVitNam.TheobococaHiphichbinvxutkhu
thy sn Vit Nam(VASEP),nm 2010, thy snVit Nam xut sang 162quc gia
trnthgii.Trong,top10thtrngxutkhuthysnlnnhtcaVitNamnm
2010t3,420tUSDchim68%gitrxutkhuvucmctngtrngkhcao,
bnhqunt1025%sovinm2009.MctngtrngcaonhtlPhpvi68%.Cc
mthngthysnchyuxutkhultm(chim42%),ctra(chim28,4%),nhuyn
th(chim9,7%)vcng(chim5,8%)
Bng2.11QuimvccuthtrngxutkhuthysnVitNam2010
TT

Qucgia

Gitr
(triuUSD)
971

Ttrng
(%)
19,3

NhtBn

897

17,8

HnQuc

386

7,7

HngKng

247

4,9

TrungQuc

247

4,9

210

4,1

TyBanNha

167

3,3

Australia

152

3,0

Itali

136

2,7

10

HLan

132

2,6

Ngun:VASEP,2010
Quabngsliutrntathy,nutnhringtngqucgiathMvngivtrhngu
trongccthtrngxutkhuthysnVitNamnm2010,ngthnhlNhtBnvthba

60
l HnQuc.Chringbaqucgia nychim44,8%thphn xutkhucathySn Vit
Nam. Tuy nhin, nu xem EU l mt th trng chungth M ng th hai. EU lun dn u
nhpkhuthysnVitNamktnm2005trliy.

3)Thtrngtricy
Viiu kin kh hu, th nhng thun li, BSCL tr thnhvng cy n qu ln
nht nhc nc.Trong,cctnhTinGiang,VnhLong,BnTre,ngThpcdintch
trngln nhttonkhuvc.TheoHiphiRauquVitNam,my nmgnytricy Vit
Nam cmt50 nc trn th gii. BNng nghip v phttrin nng thn chobit, sn
lngtricythuhochtrncncthn7triutnvtrntngnhanhlnnhanhchng.
Chuicnh gi l loiqucsn lngthuhoch ln nht, sauncam,qut,nhn,
da,xoi,vithiu,thanhlongTuynhin,theosliuthngkgny,cti90%snlng
tricyvnphitiuthtrnthtrngnia,tltricyxutkhumichchim10%vi5
6%ltricyti.
TheothngkcaTngccHiquanchothy,tltricynhpkhumynmqualin
tctnghaicons,chtnhringtrong7thngunm2011,ccdoanhnghipnhpv
134triuUSDmthngrauqu,tng30,8%sovicngknmtrc.Nhiuloitricynh
to,cam,qut,mn,nho,lutTrungQuc,ThiLan,Philppin,M,NiuDilnydytrn
thtrngncta.

Bng2.12 Ccncsnxuttricytihnguthgii
Hng

Lnhth

Gitr
(1000USD)
2,786,652

Snlng
(tn)
7,983,900

India

VietNam

913,390

2,616,910

China

761,026

2,180,378

Iran(IslamicRepublicof)

632,442

1,811,980

Indonesia

488,647

1,400,000

Myanmar

442,557

1,267,950

Nigeria

377,668

1,082,040

PapuaNewGuinea

343,284

983,528

Nepal

220,538

631,855

10

Egypt

196,024

561,620

Ngun:TheoFAOStatisticalYearbook2010
Tkt qu tc nhiu nm m FAO nh gi v xp hng theo bngtrn, Vit
Namlqucgiangthhaisaunvsnxuttricycvslnglngitr.Tuyvy,

61
ngnhtricychathhinngtmvitimnngvlith,chachimlnhcthtrng
thgiivthtrngniacngangbbng.

4)Thtrngdulch
BSCLvicthlvngsinhquyncotrnthgii,niyslim
nmiividukhchquct.ahnhcavngrtctrngvinhiusngrch
chngcht,hiccyutchophttrinngnhdulchnh:rng,ni,bin,hio...
vnhiuadanhnitingti8vngsinhthictrngtochoBSCLmtscthi
dulchringbit.BSCLcnnitingltrungtmcyntrinhitivinhiuloi
tricycsnquanhnm. Ccchuyngiavdulchdbo,sdukhchquctn
nctasgiatngnhanhtrongthigiantiviccldo:VitNamngycngccc
ncbitn,lnsngutmisaukhiVitNamgianhpWTO,qucgiannhv
chnhtrvtbtcngcathintai,cngngngiVitcnhucutrvthmthn
nhnvut,ccthtcxutnhpcnhangcginltngk...smramt
ha hn mi cho ngnh Du lch Vit Nam ni chung, du lch BSCL ni ring. Tuy
nhin,tctngtrngvlngkhchvthunhpdulchcaBSCLsovicnc
vncnthp,chatngxngvitimnngvlithcavng,caaphngvic
pht trin cn manh mn, cha ng b. Thc t c th nhn thy, du khch khi n
BSCLthngcmcchitiurtthpvtquay trlinhnglntiptheo.
2.1.3Chinlcphttrinvmitrngcnhtranhcasnphmchlc
Lvngkinhttrngim, cvaitrquantrngtrongchinlcphttrinkinht
ca cnc, BSCL cn c xem lva lalnnht vinhim v bom anninh
lngthckhngnhngchoqucgiamcnchocthgii.Theodbo, dns,tai
n2020, tmnhn2050 ca vng s cnhiu thay iquan trng, to ranhiu chi
pht trin cngnh kh khn cho vng.Theo sbo,nnm2020 dns BSCL c
khong2021triungi,trongdnsthkhong7,0 7,5triungivit l
thhakhong33 35%nnm2050consnyslkhong30 32triungi,trong
dnsthkhong2527triungi,vitlthhakhong4050%tng
ng thi gianny, quy m tai xy dng th t khong 100.000 110.000ha ln
320.000 350.000ha, quymtaicngnghiptptrungtkhong20.00030.000ha
ln40.00050.000ha.
Vitnhhnhnhvy,ngy09thng10nm2009,ThtngChnhphban
hnh Quyt nh s 1581/QTTg v vic pht trin BSCL n nm 2020, tm nhn

62

2050,viccnidungcbnsau:
1)Vmctiuphttrin
Phthuyvaitr,vthvtimnngcavngtheomhnhacctptrungkt
hpcchnhlangkinhtth,vithnhphCnThlthtrungtmcavng
PhttrincutrckhnggiantonVngvihnhlangkinhtsngTin, sngHu,
qucl1A,ngHChMinh,cmccthtrungtmvccthnhcphnb
udatrnccvngnngnghip,cngnghipvdulch
Pht trin cc vngnng nghip cng ngh cao, cng nghip tp trung chuyn
mnhahnhthnhcctrchnhlangkinhtcngnghipvdchv,tonglccho
cctnhtrongVngphttrinnhanhvbnvng
Phttrinccvng,cctrungtmdulchtmquct,qucgiagnvictrng
vnha, thvcnhquantnhinPhttrinhihogia thvnngthn
Hnhthnhhthnghtngxhiadngvlinhhottrnc shthngh
tngkthutgnkththngdnc, thtrntonvng,kimsotmitrngcht
ch....,viccgiiphpgimthiunhhngthay ibtthngcathinnhin.
Hnhthnhccchngtrnh,dnchinlccsclantavthcyspht
trinvngXydngmhnhqunlvkimsotphttrinkhnggian,kintrccnh
quanvngchiuqu.
2)nhhngphttrinkhnggianvvng
Vngphttrinth:Gmcvngthtrungtmgmthhtnhnthnh
phCnThvngphcnxcnhtrongphmvibnknh30 50kmtvngth
trungtmvngitrngviccthtnhlckhongcchtrungbnh3050kmt
thtrungtm.
Cctrchnhlangkinhtth:GmctrchnhlangkinhtthsngTin
sngHu(trchnhlangkinhtngTy)vqucl91trchnhlangkinhtth
qucl1AngHChMinh(hngBcNam)cctrchnhlangkinhtthkhc
ktniccthcnlitrongcchotngphcvsnxutnngnghipvccdchv
chonngthn.
Vngphttrincngnghip:GmcvngcngnghiptrungtmtiBSCLb
trccngnhcngnghipchxut,kthutcao,cngnghipschvcngnghipph
trvngcngnghipphangBctitnhLongAn,TinGianggipvithnhphH
Ch Minhb tr cngnghip chbinnng lm thy sn, c khphcvsn xutnng

63

nghip,snxuthngtiudngngsatuthuynvngcngnghipphaTyNamti
cctnhTrVinh,AnGiang,ScTrng,BcLiu,VThanh,CMauvKinGiangb
tr cc ngnh cng nghip kh in m, ch bin thy sn, vt liu xy dng,in
t...vcngnghipphtr.
Vngsinhthi,dulchnghdng:Gmcccvngdulchqucgia,quct
CctuyndulchnivngCctuyndulchquctqucgiaTuyndulchcaravan
bngngthydcsngMKngnbinhCampuchia(di250km).
Vngnngnghip,vngbotnthinnhin:Vngnngnghipcbovv
phttrinvicngnghsinhhctintinchyuthuccctnhLongAn,TinGiangv
An Giang vngbo tn thinnhin gm khu rng U Minh Thng, U Minh H, vng
sinhthingThpMi...vngdulchbinlPhQuc,HTin,HnChngvcc
imkhctrnbbinngcacctnhTinGiang,BnTre,TrVinh,ScTrng...
3)nhhngphttrinhtngxhivng
Phnbhthngotovng:Tptrungcccsototrongvngticc
thnhph:MTho,VnhLong,CnTh,CMauvthxBcLiuvi TpCnThlm
trungtmhnhthnhcctrungtmvtinhticcthnhph:CaoLnh,LongXuynv
RchGi, vi ngnhminhnctnhcthchophttrinkinht xhicavng.
Phnbhthngytvng:Nngcaocngsutvchtlngbnhvinakhoa
Trungng Cn Thmnhn chuynmn k thut caonht chovng.ng thi,
cngcvtngcnguttrangthitb,kthutchoccbnhvinakhoacctnh
xydngbnhvinchnthngchnhhnhTinGiangutphttrinTrungtmy
tdphngCnThmnhimchcnngcacvng.
Phnbhthngnh: vngthtrungtmnh thngmitptrungmt
caodcsngTin,sngHuvngthitrngTyNamngBcphttrintheo
ccthmrngvgnvicckhucngnghipvngnngnghipvvngsinhthi
ccvngthgnvicckhucngnghiptptrung.
Phnbhthngdchvthngmi:Hnhthnhtrungtmthngmi,dchv
lncaBSCLtiCnTh,LongXuyn,RchGi,CMauvticckhukinhtca
khuviccmthngxutkhuchlclgo,snphmnglnhthy sn,ccloitri
cy nqunhiti,ccmthngdtmay,giydp,int
2.1.4Ngnhsnxutvdchvphtrchophttrinsnphmchlc

64

Trongbicnhhinhpvocnhtranhquct,BSCLcnxydngmtnnsn
xutnngnghipckhnngcnhtranhmnhvthamgiavophncnglaongquc
t,thuhtmnhmutncngoivophttrinkinhtaphng.Munvy,mt
trongcciukintinquytlphicmtnncngnghipbtrphttrin,png
cnhucucaccnhutcngnhcc doanhnghiptrongvng.
1)Ngnhcngnghipchbin.
Nhngnmgny,cngnghiptrongvngngbngsngCuLongctcpht
trin cao, bnh qun tng 21,8%. n u nm 2009, BSCL c 99.966 c s sn xut cng
nghipnngthn,tng15.931cssovinm2005.Trongtngnhiunhtlcngnghip
chbinnngsnnh:chbingo,thyhisnxuykhuchbinsa,duthcvt,ng,
tri cy, ru,bia, nc gii kht, ch bin thcn gia sc, snxut xi mng, kh in m,
phnbn,innc...
Ngnhxayxtlngthcvislngcscphnbhuhtcctnh,thnhvi
nhiunhmyccngsutkhcnhau,theosliuthngk,snlngxayxttonvngnm
2009thn7,8triutn.Tuynhin,cngsutxayxtvchbingoxutkhuhinticha
tngngvingunnguynliucaaphng,cngnghxayxtlchutiutnnhiunng
lng,tlhaohtcao.Tngt,ngnhchbinthysnc133nhmyvitngcngsut
690.000tn/nm.Mcdchbinthysn lngnhcngnghipminhn,lunchimttrng
vctctngtrngcaotrongvng,nhngsnphmchbinchdnglimclctra
phil,tmnglnh,mcnglnh.
2)Ngnhsnxut ging

65

Gingla.Ginglmttrongbn yutcnghaquytnhtrongqutrnh
snxutla(nc,phn,cnging).VinlaBSCLvTrngihcCnThl2
n v ch o khng ngng nghin cu v pht trin nhiu ging la mi c sc
chngchucvimtssubnhhichnhvmtsiukincamitrngcp
chonhngngisnxut.Ringnm2010,VinlaBSCLtchcnghincu,lai
tothmc18ginglamicBNNPTNTcngnhn,trongc5gingchnh
thcv13gingsnxutth,nngtngsginglacBNNPTNTcngnhnn
nay l 115 ging vi50 ging chnh thc, trong c 80% ging do Vinla BSCL
nghin cu lai to. Cc loiging ca Vin la BSCL nghin cu, lai to c c tnh
nngsutcao,ngnngy,ngoncmvchngchuttvimtssubnhhichnhcho
cylanhbnhbcl,chyl,virusvrynuchngchuvimtsiukin kh
khncamitrngvangngycngchimvtrquantrngtrongchinlcphttrin
lahnghalnBSCL
GingthysnTheothngkcaTngccThysn(BNN&PTNT),hinc
s sn xut con ging thy sn tp trung ch yu BSCL v Nam Trung b vi gn
2.800triging,trongkhuvcBSCLchn1.200tri.RingBSCLhinc175
cssnxutctraging(bng82%sovinm2009)tptrungchyucctnhng
Thp,AnGiangvTPCnTh.Nm2010,cccssnxutkhong1,8tconctra
ging,tng19%sovinm2009vcungcpnhucugingctra,vidintchnui
5.420ha.Vitmging,quymsnxutnhl,chactrigingtchun.Trongnm
cungcp25tcontms,20tcontmthchntrng, chimkhong4550%con
tm ging th nui, s cn li phi nhp t cc tnh min Trung, Khnh Ha, B Ra
VngTuvy,ngnhthysnangphiimtvithctrngthiutrmtrngv
slngvbtnvchtlngconging.ChtnhringtiCMau,trongs819tri
sn xut ging th c n 300 tri nm ngoi quy hoch 50% s tri trong quy hoch
khngttiuchunvantondchbnh,csvtchtxungcpnghimtrng.
Nhvy,mbochothysnchlcphttrinttihiphicmngli
cccssnxutgingttiuchuncvquimcngnhchtlngvicngngh
snxuthini,scpngnhucunuicatonvngtrongthigianti.

2.2Thctrngxcnhvphttrinsnphmchlc BSCL
2.2.1 Hnhthnhvphttrintnhindatrnlithtnhcth vng
2.2.1.1Vinttngqutvthnhquphttrinkinhtchungcavng

66
TvtralthunlicngvisuicathinnhinmtrtluBSCLtr
thnhvngkinhtnngnghiphnghalncacnc.Nm2010,tngGTSXcatonvng
(tnh theo gi so snh nm 1994) t 350.419,6 t ng, gp 1,6 ln nm 2006. Tc tng
trngchung cavng duytrmccaovnnh,bnhqungiai on2006 2010l11,88%,
caohngp1,75lntctngtrngcncnm2010(6,78%).Kimngchxutkhuton
vngnm2010tkhong6.990,655triuUSD,tnggpgn2lnnm2006vttctng
trngbnhqungiaioan20062010l18,28%/nm.Thunhpbnhqunungitngt
690USDnm2006ln1100USDnm2010gp1,6lnnm2006vbng95%GDPbnhqun
ungicnc.Trong,TpCnThcthunhpbnhqunungicaonhtvi1.950
USD/ ngi/nm, hn gpithunhpbnhqunchung catonvng(xemthmbng1.12).
Vithnhtch nh vy,hng nmBSCLng gpkhong18%GDPchocnctrn53%
snlng lagogn60%snlngthysnchim 90%lnggovkhong80%lng thy
snxutkhucacnc.
Bng2.13 MtschtiukinhtquantrngBSCLgiaion2006 2010

Nm

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

GTSX
(tng)

Thct 362.235,5 449.048,5 583.754,0 694.675,0 845.108,6

GDP
(tng)

Thct 165.492,3 205.721,9 262.071,1 307.441,9 365.685,9

Xutkhu
(1000USD)

1994

218.097,7 250.679,9 289.093,7 308.611,4 350.419,6

Tng
(%)/nm

//
12,57
//

102.509,0 116.281,4 131.291,7 143.720,8 160.659,5

11,88

Thct 3.571.769 4.211.646 5.702.609 5.877.720 6.990.655

18,28

1994

GDP/ngi
Thct
(1000USD)

690

780

950

975

1100

12,36

Ngun:Thngkcctnh,thnhBSCLnm2010

Qu trnh chuyn dch c cu kinh t thi gian ny cng t kt qu tt vi xu

hngtngdnttrngGDPkhuvccngnghipvthngmi,dchvngthivi
vic gimdn ttrngGDP khu vcnng lmnghipv thysn. Nunm2000 t
trngGDPcakhuvcIl53,5%,khuvcIIl18,5%,khuvcIIIl28,0%thnnm
2010 con s nyln lt l 39% 26% v 35%. Nh vy sau 10 nm, khu vc I gim
14,4%%,khuvcII tng7,5%vkhuvcIIItng7%.

67

Ngun:Thngkcctnh,thnhBSCLnm2010

2.2.1.2Ktquhnhthnhvphttrinsnphmchlctrongccngnh
1) Hnhthnhvphttrinsnphmchlctrongngnhnngnghip
NngnghiplmttrongscclnhvcthmnhcaBSCL,trongcyla,
cyn tri v mt s cy cngnghipnhma,da...lnhng cy minhn ca vng.
GTSXcangnhnngnghipnm2010t66.796,92tng(theogisosnh1994),
tnggp1,21lnnm2006vbnhquncgiaion20062010l4,88%/nm.
Bng2.14 Snlngvgitrmtsloicytrnggiaion 2006 2010
Loisn
phm Tiu
2006
ch
GTSXNN(1994) 55.277,0
Lago
Tricy

Da
Ma
Gisc
Giacm

2007

nvtnh: SL, 1000tnGT,Tng

Sosnh(%)
2008
2009
2010
R
G
O V

57.453,7

61.759,2

64.791,7

66.796,9

SL

18.075,0 19.221,8 21.388,2 20.523,2 21.569,8

GT

28.852,3

30.765,8

33.137,7

31.559,6

35.309,2

SL

2.101,4

2.184,6

2.416,9

2.237,7

2.357,2

GT

6.186,5

6.431,5

7.115,3

6.587,8

6.939,6

SL

742,0

780,3

830,6

902,1

953,7

GT

667,8

702,3

747,5

811,9

838,3

SL

5.167,8

5.055,1

5.061,3

5.116,6

5.333,8

GT

1.808,7

1.769,2

1.771,4

1790,8

1.866,8

SL

397.9

378.5

351.4

329,4

309.6

GT

4.924,1

4.823,6

5.758,2

6.055,4

SL

54,7

61,3

73,7

85,5

GT

1.388,9

1.607,9

2.467,7

3.119,5

5.688,4

21,75

Ngun:Thngkcctnh,thnhBSCLnm2010

4,85

1,05
11,34

5,18
0,93

2,36

2,92

6,67
0,27

5,84

0,79
0,64

0,79

0,61
1,94

94,0
3.486,5

RW

3,67

14,49
0,86

25,87

68

Vla.GTSXtheogisosnh1994,nm2010t 35.309,2 tnggp1,22 ln

nm2006(28.852,3tng),chimttrng11,34%GTSXtonvngvttctng
trngbnhqungiaion20062010l5,18%/nm.Nngsutlatngt48,3t/ha
nm2006 ln 54,3 t/hanm2010nng sn lng tng ngt18 triu tn ln21,57
triutn,tng19,33%chocgiaion.Ringnmnm2010,BSCLgp6triutn
gochoxutkhuthuv3tUSD,chim90%kimngchxutkhugocacnc.
Vcyntri.Bncnhla,cyntrilloicytrngphbinBSCLvi
dintchchim40%vhngnmthuhochhngnmchim70%snlngtricyc
nc.Tuynhin,dotcngcanhiunguynnhnmdintchcyntriBSCLt
nm2008vsaucgimsovi2007,nhngsnlngvntngtngnh.Hinti,ton
vngchcnkhong259ngnhacyntri,bng0,93dintchnm2006vsnlng
tkhong2,357triutn,gp1,12lnnm2006.VGTSX,nm2010ct6.939,6
tng,gp1,12lnnm2006(6.186,5tng),chimttrng2,35%tngGTSXton
vngvtctngtrng bnhqungiaioan20062010l2,9%/nm.Tuynhin,hin
ti,xutkhutricychaphilthmnhcaBSCL
Vcyda.VndaBSCLckhpcctnhtrongvng,nhngtptrungch
yulBnTre,TrVinh,KinGiang,CMau,VnhLongTrong,BnTrevTr
Vinh l nipht trinmnh v din tch lnchbin xut khu. Nm2010, GTSX ca
datonvngct1.508,3tng,gp1,42lnnm2006,vtngtrngbnhqun
chocgiaion20062010l9,2%/nm.HintrnabntnhBnTrechn1.000
cssnxut,chbinccsnphmtdanh:Btsada,cmdanosy,duda,
koda,chsda,... vikimngchxutkhukhong55triuUSD/nm,nghngth
haisauthysn,giiquytcngnviclmchotrn20ngnlaong.
Cymang.DintchtrngmaBSCLcxuhnggimmnhtnm2006
nnay. Theo s liu ca Hiphimang Vit Nam Tiu vng khu vc BSCL,
din tch trngmahinnay ca vng BSCL cn61.843ha, gim 7.653ha so vinm
2006vtptrungchyucctnh:LongAn13.700haHuGiang 13.000haScTrng
11.300ha Bn Tre 5.074ha Tr Vinh 4.300ha Kin Giang 4.106ha C Mau 2.000ha.
Tuynhin,snlngmanguynliuchgimnhvoccnm2007v2008,nnm
2009tngnhtrlivtkhong5,3triutnvonm2010.GTSXcymatonvng
cngcsbinngtheosnlngnhngnusosnhnm2010vi2006thtngbnh
qun0,79%/nm,t1.866,8tngvonm2010.

69

V chnnui. y cngl lnh vc thmnh ca BSCL, nht lnui gia cm

(thycmlsnphmctrngcavngsngnc).Tuynhin,vldothtrng,dch
bnh m ngnh chn nui cha pht huy ht li th ca mnh. Theo s liu thng k,
GTSXchnnuinm2010 cavng t9.174,9tngtngbnhqun9,79%/nmc
giaion2006 2010.Trong,chnnuigiasc(chyulchnnuiheo)cchiu
hnggimvsnlng(0,61%/nm)nhngtngnhvGTSX(3,67%/nm).Ttrng
GTSXcagiascchimkhcao, 1,94%vgiacml0,86%(bng2.13)
2) Hnhthnhvphttrinsnphmchlctrongngnhthysn
Cngvilago,thysnlthmnhcthcaBSCLkhngnhngtrthnh
ngnhsnxutchlccavngmcnlnguncungcpsnphmxutkhuchlc
cacnc.BSCLhinchim70%dintchnuitrngv58%snlngthysnca
cnc.Nm2010,snlngthysntonvngt2,4 triutn,tng1,65 lnsovi
nm2006,ttctngtrngbnhqunhngnm9,47%.Trong,nuitrngchim
n53,61%GTSXtonngnh.Ctravtmnui,cbitlctranuilmthnggn
nhcquyncaBSCL,trthnhmthngxutkhuchinlckhngnhngca
vngmcncacncvi 60%kimngchxutkhuthysnhngnm.
Bng2.15 Snlngvgitrcamtsthysnquantrng20062010
nvtnh: SL, 1000tnGT, Tng
Sosnh(%)
2008
2009
2010
R
G

Loi
Tiu
2006
2007
O V
thysn ch
GTSXNN(1994) 31.351,6 36.973,4 40.013,2 42.114,4 45.024,8 13,89
Cnui
Tm
nui
Cnh
bt

SL

652,3

790,2

1.115,2

1.419,0

1.465,4

GT

4.175,7

5.754,8

7.200,9

7.828,2

8.222,9

SL

265,8

286,8

309,5

307,1

318,6

GT

3.023,2

3.254,3

3.377,6

3.530,4

3.782,7

SL

539,0

544,1

563,0

592,3

615,6

GT

6.193,3

10.348,1

10.207,1

7.000,3

8.727,9

RW

9,47
22,43

2,36

18,46

4,63
1,13

5,76

3,37
3,02

13,34

Ngun:Thngkcctnh,thnhBSCLnm2010
Visliutrongbng2.14chothy,cnuictctngtrngbnhquncao
nhtvi22,43%vsnlng,18,46%gitrvnggpchoGTSXtonvng2,36%
tmcthnhtchkmhnvi4,63%snlng,576%gitrv1,13%ttrng.nhbt
cngcnggpquantrngvisliutng ng 3,37%,13,34%v3,02%.

70

3) Hnhthnhvphttrinsnphmchlctrongngnhcngnghip.
Ngnh cng nghip BSCL so vi nhiu vng khc th cn km xa, ch bng
22,85%NB,27,9%BSHvthmchchbng92,48%BTB&DHMT.Nm2010,gi
trsnxutcngnghip tonvngt134.592,3tng,gp2,2lnnm2006,ttc
tngtrngbnhquncgiaion21,86%/nm,caohntctngtrngbnhqun
cncgiaionny 3,77%(bnhquncnc18,09%),trongcngnghipchbin,
ch to chimn96% GTSX ca ngnh. Cc mthng ch yu cangnhl ch bin
thcphm,ungmay mcgchbin,trenavthcngmngh....
Bng2.16ChtiugitrmtsSPCNchyuBSCL2006 2010
nvtnh:Tng
Loisn
phm
GTSXCN(94)

Sosnh(%)
2006

2007

61.020,9

76.750,7

2008

2009

2010

ROV

GRW

93.164,2 105.673,7 134.592,3 33,49

21,86

CBthcphm 34.642,6 49.329,2 59.699,1 65.831,1 70.144,3 19,74

19,30

Maymc
SPtg,tre...

572,3

859,7

1.176,7

1.334,1

1.635,7

0,40

30,02

1.082,7 1.488,2 1.694,0 2.358,1 2.588,9 0,65 24,30

Ngun:TnghptThngkcctnh,thnhBSCLnm2010

Theo s liu trong bng 2.6, nhm ch bin thc phm chim t trng 19,74%
trongGTSXtonvngvttctngtrngbnhqungiaion2006201019,3%
knlnhmsnphmchbintg,tre,my,thcngmnghchim0,65%vtc
tng trng t 24,30% may mc chim 0,4% vi tc tng trng rt cao,
30,02%/nm.
4) Hnhthnhvphttrinsnphmchlctrongthngmi,dchv
Tngmcbnlhnghavdoanhthudchvtngt 116,2 ngntngnm
2006ln305,4ngntngnm2010,gp2,6lnnm2006.Cclnhvctngtrng
mnhlbnl,vntivdulch.Kimngchxutkhutonvngnm2010t6,99t
USD, bng9,1% tng kimngch xutkhu cacnc. Tctng trng xut khu
bnhqunchunggiaion20062010t18,28%/nm,caohnbnhquncnc(ch
t16,6%/nm).Trong,ccmthngchimttrnglnvctctngtrngcao
vlintcl:go,cnglnh,tmnglnh,nngsnchbin...,chimttrnggn
nhtuytitrongxutkhutonvng.

71

Bng2.17 Kimngchxutkhumtsmthngquantrng BSCL20062010

nvtnh: 1000USD
Loisnphm
KNXKBSCL

Sosnh(%)
2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

REX

3.571.769 4.211.646 5.702.609 5.877.720 6.990.655

GRW
18,28

Go

774.296

723.195 1.432.515 1.396.173 1.421.759 21,81 16,40

Rauqu

794.795

824.204

854.700

915.831

56.000

55.500

54.980

59.782

Snphmtda

5,61

55.000 1,07 0,45

930.856 1.017.109 16,31 25,01

Cnglnh

416.413

Tmnglnh

981.794 1.127.636 1.184.488 1.046.107 1.215.554 21,08

ThcphmCB

131.792

164.117

303.444

231.178

272.766 4,19 19,95

Maymc

228.183

238.987

357.782

376.310

536.001 6,59 23,80

13.380

24.231

27.015

33.417

30.953 0,917 23,32

an,ltmngh

641.121 1.292.618

989.100 16,13

5,48

Ngun:Tnghptnhiungun
Theosliutnghptrongbngtrn,nhmhngnng,thysncttrngkim
ngchxutkhuchimkhcao.Trong,nguvttrnglgochim21,81%kim
ngchxutkhutonvngknltmnglnh,21,08%cnglnh16,31%vrau
qung lnh chim16,13% chim t trng thpnhtcc snphm tg, tre,an lt
(hngthcngmngh)vign1%.NhmhngcngnghipchbintuycGTSXkh
caonhngthamgiaxutkhucnhnch,hinchchim4,19%ivithcphmch
bin v ung v 6,59% i vi may mc. V tng trng xut khu, trda v sn
phm ch bin t da c chiu hng gim nh (0,45%/nm) cn li huht u tng
mnh.ngulcnglnh(25,01%/nm)maymc(23,80%/nm)hngthcng
mngh(23,32%/nm)go16,40%cnlirauquvtmnglnhkhong 5,5%/nm.
5) Hnhthnhvphttrinsnphmchlctrongdulch.
HotngdulchBSCLgiaion2006 2010cngtcnhngthnhtu
rtquantrng.Lngkhchtngtrngbnhqungiaionl31,05%,trongkhch
ni a tng 32,9%, khch du lch quc t tng chm hn nhng cng t 16%/nm.
Doanhthutdulchcthn1%soviGDPthcttonvng.Nutnhringnm
2010,cvngthuhtc16,1triultkhch,trongc1,3triukhchdulchquc

72

tvkhong14,8triultkhchnia(chimtrn50%lngkhchniacnc).
Cc hnh thcdu lch cngcadnghanh:du lch thamquanmit vndu
lchsngncBSCLdulchlhidulchnghtinhdnkthpthamquanmit
vndulchsinhthi dulchbinovdulchthamquanthngcnh.
Bng2.18 Ktqudulch BSCLgiaion20062010
Khchdu
lchv
doanhthu

Sosnh(%)
Trong

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

T
trng

GRW

Tngs
5.457,8 6.718,7 9.040.5 6.926,6 16.100
Khchn
(1000lt) Trongnc 4.741,0 5.149,6 7.985,7 5.893,0 14.800 87,17
Quct
7.16,9 1.569,2 1.054,8 1.033,6 1.300 12,83

31,05

Doanhthu
(Tng)

23,09

Lutrv 1.723,7 1.902,0 2.475,8 3.046,1 3.957,3 1,08

lhnh
Ngun:TnghptThngkcctnh,thnhBSCLnm2010

32,90
16,00

Theo ktqu thng ktrny cho thy, khchdu lchquc tn BSCLcn

hnch,chchim12,83%tngskhchn,trongkhikhchniachimphnp
ovitl87,17%.Vdoanhthu,nm2010tonvngtc3.957,3tng,cao
gp2,3lnnm2006,tnhbnhqunchungchocgiaiontng23,09%/nm.
6) Hnhthnhvphttrinsnphmchlctrongvnti Buin
Nm 2010, ngnh vn ti cc aphng BSCL vn chuyn vikhi lng
hnh khch vhngha khln.C th,vn chuyn hnh khch t561,5 triungi,
trongvntingbchimti79,1%,ttctngtrngbnhqunhngnm
giaion2006 2010l5,43%
Bng2.19 Ktquvnti BSCL2006 2010
Sosnh(%)

Chtiu
ktqu

Trong

GTSX

Tng

11.491,0 12.410,8 15.319,2 20.502,1 23.426,4

VThng
khch

Tngs

454.498

478.230

504.127

528.978

561.485

5,43

VTb

342.350

375.323

405.833

422.200

453.439 79,10

7,28

VTthy

112.132

10.2885

98.272

106.778

108.046 20,90 0,92

Tngs

66.051

69.913

73.844

88.796

93.406

9,05

VTb

22.221

23.885

23.922

30.040

31.672 33,61

9,26

1000ngi

VThng
ha

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

ROV

GRW

2,83 19,48

73
1000 tn

VTthy

43.829

46.029

49.922

58.756

VTHH
quct

1000tn

3.001

3.638

4.029

6.287

61.734 66,39
4.622

8,94

5,50 11,40

Ngun:TnghptThngkcctnh,thnhBSCLnm2010
Bng 2.19 cho thy, vn chuyn hng ha nm 2010 t khong 93,5 triu tn chim
12,2%cnc(phnlnlnngsn)vttctngbnhqun9,05%/nm.Nunmsovi
10nmtrcy(2001),khilnghnghavnchuynton vngtnggp3ln.Trong,do
BSCLclithvsngnginnvntihnghabngngthychimuthvittrng
66,39%vngbchim33,61%tngkhilnghnghavnchuynhngnmtonvng.
Ngoira,thngquacccngln,khilnghnghavnchuynquct(xutvnhpkhu)
catonvngchim5,5%.TktquvntinhvymGTSXngnhvntikhngngnggia
tng.Nunm2006t11.491tngthnm2010consnyl23.426,4tng,tnggp2
lntctngtrngbnhqunGTSXgiaionny19,48%
2.2.1.3Nhndinsnphmchlcvngquamtstiuchnhlng
A.Nhndin
Davoccdliuphntchtrn,Lunncnxcnhnvlmrtnhchlcca
ccsnphmthngquamtstiuchnhginnglccnhtranhsau:
1)Snphmchlcngnhnngnghip

Bng2.20 Chtiuphnnhnnglccnhtranhcasnphm nngnghip

LQir

CGrw

RCAD

Nnglc
Cnhtranh

1. Lago

2,08

1,07

5,83

Cao

2. Tricy

2,84

0,60

24,44

Trungbnh

3. DavSPtda

2,70

1,20

3,03

Cao

4. Ma

1,18

0,16

Thp

5. Giasc

0,96

0,76

Thp

6. Giacm

1,95

5,55

Thp

Snphm

Ngun:Sliuthngkvpdngcngthc(1.2),(1.4)v(1.6)
Theoktqutrong bng2.20,c3loisnphmnngnghiptccchtiunng
lccnhtranhcaovgivtrchlccaBSCLgiaion20062010llago,tri
cyvdavsnphmtda.Trong,lagovdavsnphmtdacnnglc
cnhtranhmnhnht(ccchsulnhn1),ringtricytuynnglccnhtranhv

74

aphnghavlithsosnhtrngthyniacaonhnghstngtrngvttri
thp(CGrw <1),tcsccnhtranhtrongnibngnhthp.
2)Snphmchlcngnhthysn
Bng2.21Chtiuphnnhnnglccnhtranhcasnphmthysn
LQir

CGrw

RCAD

Nnglc
Cnhtranh

1. Cnui

1,54

1,95

5,58

Cao

2. Tmnui

0,79

0,61

9,01

Trungbnh

3. Cnhbt

2,74

1,41

Khngr

Snphm

Ngun:Sliuthngkvpdngcngthc(1.2),(1.4)v(1.6)
Visliubng2.21chothy,snphmcnuicnnglccnhtranhcaonht
v ccch tiuulnhn1, kn l tm nui. Tuytm nui khngt ch tiu a
phnghacaosovitrungbnhcncvcnhtranhnibngnhkhngcaonhng
lithsosnhtrngthyniartcao(RCAD =9,01)nnvngiacvthchlc
ca vng. Ring cnhbtcn xem xt thm cc ch tiu cnh tranh trong ihnh
chungcncmixcnhc,vhinRCAD =0,tclithsosnhtrtroongthyni
akhngcthhinhaybngkhng.
3)Snphmchlcngnhcngnghip
Bng2.22 Chtiuphnnhnnglccnhtranhcasnphmcngnghip
Snphm

LQir

CGrw

RCAD

Nnglc
Cnhtranh

1. Thcphmchbin

1,80

0,88

9,74

Trungbnh

2. Maymc

0,17

1,37

0,43

Thp

3. G,tre,na..mngh

0,57

1,11

2,97

Trungbnh

Ngun:Sliuthngkvpdngcngthc(1.2),(1.4)v(1.6)
SnphmcngnghipcaBSCLch yulcngnghipchbinvth cng
mngh.Tuynhin,nnglccnhtranhcaccsnphmnykhngcao,chtmc
trungbnhvthpsovinibvngcngnhcnc(bng2.22).Trong,thcphm
chbincchsaphnghavlithsosnhtrngthyniacaonhngtc
tngtrngsovibnhqunngnhthp.Knlhngg,my,tre...mnghcchs

75

tngtrngvttrivlithsosnhtrngthyniacaonhnghsaphngha
thp,ringmaymckhngnnglccnhtranhthnhsnphm chlcthigian
quadoccchtiubiuhincnhtranhphmvic(LQir vRCAD )ncquthp.
4)Snphmchlcngnhdulch,dchv
Bng2.23Chtiuphnnhnnglccnhtranhcasnphmdulch,dchv
LQir

CGrw

RCAD

Nnglc
Cnhtranh

1. Dulch

0,46

1,44

0,65

Thp

2. Vnti

1,12

1,22

1,02

Cao

Snphm

Ngun:Sliuthngkvpdngcngthc(1.2),(1.4)v(1.6)
Theoktqubng2.23thdulch khngphil snphmchlcBSCLthi gian
qua,vngoihstngtrngvttrilnhn1(cnhtranhnibngnhtrongvngcao)th
ccchtiucnlithp(khngclithcnhtranhvicnc).Cnli,ngnhvtticlith
cnhtranhcaodoccchtiucnhtranhnibngnhvcnculnhn1nnccoil
snphmchlcvngthigianqua.
B.Nhnxt

Nhphntchccphntrc,BSCLvilithtrichonnhngtrmnm
nayvng tnyhnhthnhmtcchtnhinnhiusnphmcuthcnhtranhc
v s lng, cht lng cng nh chi ph sn xut so vi nhiu vng a phng khc
trongnc.Nhiusnphmcvthcaotrnthngtrngvnitingkhp ctrong
lnngoincnh:lago(tthiPhpthucBSCLtngxutkhugoranc
ngoi)tricythysn....Trong,lagovthysnl2nhmsnphmlunc
xemlsnphmchlccavngvnvacquimsnxutrng,vacsnlng
lnvthamgiaxutkhuvitlcao.Tuynhin,dosnphmchlchnhthnhmt
cchtnhinv tnhinquytnhgnnhhontonnndnntnhtrngcanhtc
mangtnhtruynthng,lchu,utphntn,tytin,thiuquihochchungnntrn
cng mt din tch canh tcnhng li pht trin nhiu ging cy trng khc nhau nn
khnghnhthnhcvngchuyncanhvisnlnglnphcvchocngnghip
chbinvxutkhu.Vvtnui,cytrngrtadngvchngloinhnglitvs
lng,hqulnutiudngtrongncththanhngxutkhuthchatngng.
ngthivithctrngnhvy,victrinkhaingdngkhoahccngnghmi,hin

76

ivosnxutsnphmchlcgpnhiukhkhn,dovymchtlngsnphm
cha p ngc nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng trong cng nh ngoi nc, sc cnh
tranhkhngcaovhiuqusnxutkinhdoanhsnphmchlcthp.
2.2.2 ThctrngxcnhsnphmchlccaccaphngBSCL
Thctnghincuchothy,tnhchonthiimnyBSCLchacbtk
mtcngtrnhnghinnghincuhocchtrngctnhnhtqun,ngbtrnphm
vitonvngvvicxcnhsnphmchlcvquihochvngchuynmnhatp
trungutphttrinsnphmchlcquimcpvng.Phbinnhthinnaylmt
ssnphmmcnhincthanhnlsnphmchlcvnlsnphmcthpht
trindatrnlithcthcmtkhnghaicavngkinhtny(nhtrnhby
phntrn),hocntsaphngtinhnhnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlcv
arachnhschhtrphttrinsnphmchlcchoringaphngmnh.Sauy
lmtsinhnhxc nhsnphmchlccaccaphngBSCLnhsau:
2.2.2.1XcnhsnphmcngnghipchlccatnhBnTre
Bn Tre l mt trong cc a phng trong c nc i u trong trin khai ch
trngxcnhvhtrphttrinsnphmchlc.lmcsquihochvcchnh
schhtrutphttrinmtcchtptrungccsnphmchlc,ttonglc
thcyphttrinkinht xhitrnabn,tnhBnTrecn cvonhhng
chinlc,tnhcth caaphngmtinhnhccthtcnhgi,xtchnsn
phmchlcchoringmnh.
A. Vcsllun
Bntrelmttrongsrttaphngtchcctrinkhaichngtrnhhtrpht
trinsnphmchlcviphngphpkhbibnvnidungthtcrty,chi
titBSCL.QutrnhxcnhsnphmcngnghipchlccaBnTredatrnc
snhnthcSnphmcngnghipchlclccsnphmcngnghip(hocnhm
snphmhp)ckhnngcnhtranhcao,timnngthtrngtngiln,emli
hiuqukinhtcaoivingisnxutvnggpngkchotngsnphmni
avphttrinkinhtcatnh.Trong, uthcnhtranhcasnphmcngnghip
chlcBnTrecthhintrnccmt:kiudng,mum,baob...ctnhhini
vtnhhuchcaochtlngvthnghiutincychiphsnxutthp nnglcsn
xutlnvthchinhpngnhanhchng mitrnglaongthnthin.

77

Vcbn,nhnthctrnylkhphhpvixuhnglachnsnphmch
lcchungcacnc.Bi,muncthphnln,hiuqukinhtcaotrchtphi
ngvngctrnthtrngtrongcngnhngoinctrongmitrngcnhtranh
mangtnhtoncu ngycngkhclit.
B. Quitrnhnhgi,xtchn
Vinhnthcvsnphmcngnghipchlcnhtrn,BnTrechunbv
trinkhaiquitrnhxcnhkhthntrngqua2giaion:giaionnhgi,xtchn
u vo v giai on nh gi xt chnura. mi giai on lic thchin vi
nhiuthtckhphctp.Cthnhsau:
v Thtcxtuvo.
CcdoanhnghipngkthamgiaChngtrnhhtrphttrinsnphmch
lcphitnhginnglccnhtranhcasnphmdoanhnghiptheomudoBanch
oChngtrnhara.
Munygmc3tiliuquantrngnhsau:
1)Bngtchmimnhginnglccnhtranhcasnphmcngnghip.
yldngbngnhgitnghpctcdngthmd,gnlcbcu,c30
chtiuvitngsimtiachoccchtiul100im,trongc10tiuchdng
thamkhovnhgivmtnhtnh.Vibngimtnhginy,trchtphi
nirng,BnTrechyntiuchcnvtiuch,tiuchnhtnhvnh
lng.Tuynhin,cnhiutiuchcsdngkhnggnvivicnhgitnhcnh
tranhcasnphm,nhtlccchtiunhtnh(chtiu1,2,11,24,25,26),gyras
phctpvdnnvicxemxtlachnlchhng (xemphlc1).
2)Phiutnhginnglccnhtranhsnphmcadoanhnghip
MtthtcthhaiuvotcgichorngrtquantrngvcnthitlPhiu
tnhginnglccnhtranhsnphmcadoanhnghip.Phiunycthitkdi
dngbngcuhidngiutranghincugm3phnvi29cuhidi2dngcu
hingvcuhim.Trong,phnthngtinvdoanhnghipc4cuhidngkt
hpgiacuhingvmdoanhnghipthngtinvbnthntheoyucucaBan
chophnthngtinvsnphmchlccadoanhnghipc20cuhich yu
dngngclinquannbngimnutrn vphndnhchovicphnnhnhng
khkhn,trngiivistngtrngcadoanhnghipvxutvichtrtpha
chnhphchophttrinnhanhsnphmchlccadoanhnghiptrongthigianti.

78

Kt qu thu c cc cu hi trong phiu t nh gi ny l c s doanh

nghipchmimtheothangimmumBantchccungcp.Tuynhin,phiuiu
tranylickhnhiucuhitlinquanntnhchlchaynnglccnhtranhca
snphmmlilinquannnnglccnhtranhcadoanhnghip(xemphlc2).
3)Thangimmunhginnglccnhtranhsnphmcadoanhnghip
Theoti,thtcnylkhngththiucvngipchitithaimscho
tngchtiumdoanhnghiptctrongthct.Trncslyktquiutrap
vo Khung thangim,nng lc cnh tranhca snphmdoanhnghipcolng
cptngng.Tyvotnhchtvquantrngmimscchiathnhnhiu
mckhcnhau,imkhiucthl0hoc1im(xemphlc3).
v Thtcxtcngnhnura
Giaionxtcngnhnurachosnphmchlccngctinhnhqua2
bc.ycthnilngthitchccnhmtntrngtnhtnguuyn,tgiccacc
doanhnghipcngnhcsichiuvikt qunhgicaBancho.
Bcmt,ccdoanhnghipcduytthamgiachngtrnhphttrinsnphm
cng nghip ca Tnh tin hnh chm im cc sn phm tham gia chng trnh ca
doanhnghipmnhtheoBngtchmimxtcngnhnsnphmcngnghipchlc
vThuytminhhngdnchmtiuchcngnhnsnphmcngnghipchlccho
tngtcaBanchoChngtrnh.Cthnhsau:
1)Bngtchmimxtcngnhnsnphmcngnghipchlc
Bng2.24 BngtchmimxtcngnhnSPCNchlctI,nm2007
STT
Chtiu
1 Tngdoanhthutoncngty

im(tia)
/10

Tngdoanhthusnphmchlc

/15

Tltngtrngcatoncngty

/10

Tltngtrngcasnphmchlc

/10

Tsutlinhunsauthu

/10

Tngtrngxutkhutoncngty

/10

TngtrngxutkhucaSPCL

/10

Trnhcngngh

/10

Mitrng

/5

imkhuynkhchtia

/10

Ghich

79

10

+Hthngqunlchtlnghini

/1

+ngknhnhiuhngha

/3

+MitrnglaongISO14000

/2

+Ccthnhtchcbitkhc

/4

im
khuyn
khch

Tng
/100
Ngun:ChngtrnhphttrinsnphmcngnghipchlcBnTre
Sovibngimnhginnglccnhtranhuvo,bngimtnhgiu
rany chcn10 tiu ch (ch tiu).9tiuch chnh thc viim ti a90imv1
nhmgm4tiuchchoimkhuynkhchvitngiml10.Nhvy,mcdstiu
chcgiminhngtngsimnhgitiavnl100im(bng2.24),vvycc
doanhnghipsddngchmimhncngnhitngcnhgitptrunghn.
xemxtchmimvnhgitheobngimny,cngihidoanhnghip
phic3tiliu:
(1)Bocoktquhotngsnxutkinhdoanh,ktqutrinkhaiccdnvi
chngtrnhphttrinsnphmcngnghipchlc
(2)Ccchngtclinquanvtinlng,bohimxhiv
(3)Bnsaoccchngnhn,chngch.
Ngoicctiuchtnhimtrn,ccdoanhnghipmuncxtcngnhnsn
phmchlcphimbocctiuchunbtbucnh:phicHthngqunlcht
lngtheoISO9000viccphinbnvphingknhnhiuhnghatrongnc
cho cc snphm ch lcng k khng n lng laongqu1thng vnbo
himxhiqu3thngvkhngcc2tiuchtrong9tiuchucimdi
50%simtiacatiuch.Nudoanhnghipnokhngthocthiumttiu
chunnotrnyskhngcxtcngnhnsnphmcngnghipchlccaTnh.
2)Thuytminhvhngdnchmimtiuchcngnhnsnphmcngnghip
chlc
cc doanhnghipnm rnidung, ngha v phng php chmim, Ban
choChngtrnharabnthuytminhvhngdncchchmimchocctiu
chxtchnsnphmcngnghipchlcnhgiaionuvo.Tuynhin,nidung
hngdnnycnhiuimcnlmrthmnh:imcbnlmcstnhim
chotngmcthangimkhngrngungc(doanhthutoncngty0.45doanhthusn
phmchlc1.4)Slngbcthangimkhngngugiacctiuchvvic

80

dngthutngxcnhnphhpvxcnhnkhngphhpchotiuchmitrng
lrtnhtnh,khxcnh(xemphlc4).
Bchai,BanchoChngtrnhphttrinsnphmcngnghipchlctinhnh
chmimvxtchncngnhnchnhthcsnphmcngnghipchlccaTnht1nm
2007theoBngimviHthngtiuchxcnh.ylbcquytnhiviccsn
phmcccdoanh nghipnghdatrn ktqumccdoanh nghiptanh gi.
bcny,chaithtccthchinsau:
1)Tiuch vthangimxtchncngnhnsnphmcngnghipchlc
y l Bng im dng nh gi chnhthc v cng bao gm cc ni dung tiuch
gingnhBngimccdoanhnghiptnhginhgiithiuphntrn.Tuynhin,c2
vnkhcnhaugia2Bngiml:9tiuchchnhthccccu100imvtiuchth
10c10imdnhringkhuynkhchchkhngavothangimchnhthc,cthcoi
ylphnbohimchoccsnphmctrinvng.Nhvy,imtiacaBngtiuchny
l110imthayv100imnhBngimtnhgicadoanhnghip.

Bng2.25Bngtiuchxt chncngnhnSPCNchlctI,nm2007
STT
Chtiu
1 Tng doanh thu ton
cngty

im
15

Ghich
Tnh cho nm cui cng trc thi im
xtcngnhn

Tng doanh thu sn

phmchlc

10

Tnh cho nm cui cng trc thi im

xtcngnhn

T l tng trng ca
toncngty

15

Tnh cho nm cui cng trc thi im

xtcngnhn

T l tng trng ca
snphmchlc
T sut li nhun sau
thu

10

Tnh cho nm cui cng trc thi im

xtcngnhn
Li nhun sau thu/vn ch s hu nm
cuicngtrcthiimxtcngnhn

Tng trng xut khu

toncngty

10

Tng trng doanh s XK cng ty nm

cuicngtrcthiimxtcngnhn

Tng trng xut khu

caSPCL

10

Trnhcngngh

15

Tng trng doanh s XK SPCL nm

cuicngtrcthiimxtcngnhn
Tuithtrungbnhccthitb,mymc
chnh(nmcuitrcthiimxt)

Mitrng

10

Cchngchmitrngphhp

81

10

im khuyn khch ti
a

10

imkhuynkhch 6im:chohthng
qunlchtlnghini:1imng
k nhn hiu hng ha: 1 3 im cho
mitrng:2im
Ccthnhtchcbitkhc:4im

Tng
/100
Ngun:ChngtrnhphttrinsnphmcngnghipchlcBnTre
Nhnchung,gia2Bngtiuchtnhgicaccdoanhnghipvnhgi,xtchn
chnhthccaBanchogingnhaulcbn,ccchtiurircctnhlitkhnlsosnh
nhgi,mtschtiukhuynkhchkhngcngha.Tuynhin,c2imkhcbitcth
torasthiunhtquntrongnhgigiaccdoanhnghipvBancholsthayi
tngimstiacacctiuch1,2,3v8vthayiccuvtngimtiacac10
tiuch.Chnhiunycth gyrasbtmndnnthiunhittnhcngtctphacc
doanhnghipthigianqua.

2)ThangimchititxtchncngnhnsnphmcngnghipchlctI
Vthtcnytcginhnthycskhcnhaukhnhiusoviphntnhgi
caccdoanhnghip.Bncnhsiuchnhimtiaivicctiuch1,2,3v8
chophhpviBngtiuchthsbcthangimcnggim,cbitlbbcim
0.TcimtithiucaBngtiuchnyl1thayv0nhtnhgi(xemphlc5).
C.Danhmcsnphmcngnghipchlcclachn
Tuy c Ban ch o Chng trnh pht trin sn phm cng nghip ch lc
chunbkhcngphuvquitrnh,thtcnhgi,xtchnnhngthcttrinkhai
gpphikhkhndnncthniChngtrnhnybphsn.Mttrongnhngkh
khnnangiicaBnTrelhunhccdoanhnghipkhngmnmiviChngtrnh
nynnkhngngkthamgia.Ktqul,vicnhgixtchnsnphmcngnghip
chlccaBnTrelictinhnhtheohngkhc.Vongy13thng5nm2008,
UBDNtnhBnTrebanhnhQuytnhs 904/QUBND Vviccngbdanh
mcccngnhcngnghiputin,cngnghipminhntnhBnTregiaion2007
2010vtmnhnnnm2020.
TheoQuytnhny,tnhBnTrebcuxcnh5ngnhcngnghiputin
v2ngnhcngnghipminhncho3giaiont2007n2020.Cth:
1) Ngnh cng nghip u tin: (1) Dt may (si, vi, la, qun o xut khu,
nguyn ph liu) (2)Da giy (thucda, giy dp xut khu,nguyn ph liu) (3) Ch

82

binnng,lm,thyhisn(trongphnngnhchbintm,c,nghu,snxutcm
da c xc nh l sn phmmi nhn ca ngnhny) (4) Hacht (phnbn,ha
dc) v (5) Sn phm t cng ngh mi (nng lng gi, nng lng mt tri, cng
nghipphnmm)
2)Ngnhcngnghip minhn:(1)Ckhchto(ngtu,mynngnghip,
cint)v(2)Thitbint,vinthngvcngnghthngtin
Bng 2.26 Danh mc cc ngnh cng nghip u tin, cng nghip mi nhn
tnhBnTregiaion20072010vtmnhnnnm2020
Giaion
TT

1
2
3

4
5
6
7

Tnngnh

20072010

2011 2015

CN
u
tin

CN
u
tin

CN CN CN
mi u mi
nhn tin nhn

CN
mi
nhn

Dtmay(si,vi,la,qunoxut
X
khu,nguynphliu)
Dagiy(thucda,giydpxut
X
khu,nguynphliu)
Chbinnng,lm,thyhisn
a)Chbintmccloi
X
b)Chbincccloi
X
c)Chbinnghuccloi
X
d)Thugom,snxutsnphmt
X
mnda
e)Snxutchxdavccsn
X
phmtchxda
f)Snxutthanhottnh
X
g)Snxutcmdanosy
X
h)Snxutkodaccloi
X
i)Snxutbtsada,ncctda
X
j)Snxutthcnchnnui(nui
X
giasc,giacm,thysn)
Hacht(phnbn,hadc)
X
Ckhchto(ngtu,mynng
X
nghip,cint)
Thitbint,vinthngvcng
X
nghthngtin
Snphmtcngnghmi(nng
lnggi,nnglngmttri,cng
X
nghipphnmm)
Ngun:UBNDtnhBnTre

2016 2020

X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X

X
X

X
X

X
X

83

Gn 2 nm sau, c th ha Quyt nh s 904/QUBND ni trn, vo ngy

14/01/2010,UBNDBnTretnhphduytdanhsch112doanhnghipsnxutcc
snphmthucdanhmcccngnhcngnghiputin,cngnghipminhngiaion
20072010vtmnhnnnm2020.Trongc:
63doanhnghip snxut,chbinccsnphmtda(cmdanosy,ko
da,thangoda,chxda,tsch,hngthcngmngh)
07doanhnghipsnxutthcngiasc
15doanhnghipsnxut,chbinccsnphmthysn
16doanhnghipngnhckh
08doanhnghipngnhdtmay
02doanhnghipsnxutthuctrbnhvdngcytv
01doanhnghipsnxutphnbn.
Ccdoanhnghiptrnyschngccchnhschhtrtheoquinhca
ChnhphcngnhtnhBnTrenh:htrgiithiusnphmminphtrnWebsite
thngtinkinhtxhicatnhhtrtrngbysnphmticchich,trinlmca
aphnghtrthchinhotngnghincukhoahc,phttrincngnghvbo
v mi trngTuy nhin, Danh sch cc doanh nghip sn xut cc sn phm cng
nghiputin,cngnghipminhntnhBnTrekhngchtcngymlunc
cpnhp,bsung,iuchnhnhkhngnmchophhptnhhnhthct.
D.Nhnxt
Nhnchung,Quitrnh,thtcvvictrinkhaithchinxcnhhnghach
lccatnhBnTrecnhnguimvhnchcbnnhsau:
v Vuim
Trcht,phi niy l mt cng trnh nghin cu c su tnhiu v thi
gianvcngsccatnhBnTrevtaracquitrnhvnidungthtcthc
hincth.Cctiuchxtchnuclnghabngccthangimvinidung
hngdncchchmimcth,gipchodoanhnghipvchuyngiaccsnhgi
mc thc ttc ca tng tiu chivi snphm ch lc. cbit, Chng
trnhcHthngtiuchdnhchodoanhnghiptnhgi,nilntnhdnch,t
gictnguyncaccnvny,ngthimboctnhcngkhai,minhbchca
tiuchnhgi.

84

v Vhnch
VicxydngccHthngtiuchxtchnsnphmcngnghipchlctnh
BnTrechathcsdavoccyutkhchquannhcclthuytvlithsosnh
ca David Ricardohay li th cnh tranhquc giaca Micheal M.Porterm ch da
trnsmongmunchquannntnhkhoahcchacao.
Bngtchmimnhginnglccnhtranhsnphmcngnghipchlc
cadoanhnghipckhnhiutiuch,trongcnhiutiuchkhngphnnhc
nnglccnhtranhcasnphmcngnghipchlc,chnghntiuchdanhhiu,gii
thngvsnphmchlchay10tiuchctnhchtthamkho.
Hthngtiuchvbngimnhgiuravuvovgiatnhgi
cadoanhnghipviHingxtcngnhnkhngnhtqunvinhau.Slngtiu
chnhgiurathnnhiusoviuvovcbitlnidungcctiuchgn
nhkhcnhauhonton.iunydnnsmuthunktqugiauvovura,
giatnhgicadoanhnghipviHingxtchn.
Ccuvphnchiathangimchocctiuchkhphctp,khhiuvgiat
nhgicadoanhnghipvHingxtchncngkhcnhauvcbn.
Vinhnghnchtrn,Chngtrnhphttrinsnphmcngnghipchlctnh
BnTretrongcbitlccHthngtiuchvbngimnhgi,xtchnsn
phm ch lc tr nn thiu khch quan, khoa hc v cng tr nn thiu r rng, minh
bch.T,ccdoanhnghipthiunhittnhtrongphihpthchincngnhthius
quantmchothchinncngcalnhoBnTre,ktquhintilBnTre
ttchrikhiccthtcvquitrnhxtchnchunbtrc,ttorahngimi,
cchlmmitrongnhgi,xtchnsnphmcngnghipchlccaaphngv
dnhin,ktquthucskhcirtnhiu.
2.2.2.2XcnhsnphmchlccatnhTinGiang

A. Csllun
TinGianglaphngthhaicaBSCLcschunbchuovtchcc
trinkhaiChngtrnhhtrphttrinsnphmchlckhsm.QuanimcaTin
Giang l thng qua xc nh cc sn phm ch lc ca Tnh s hnh thnh mt s sn
phmmi,ngthicngtptrungccbinphphtrnhmnngcaonnglccnh
tranh,nngsut,chtlngsnphm,mrngthtrngtiuth...TheoTinGiangth
snphmchlcbomccyucusau:

85

Vnnglcsnxut:Snlngphilnpng yucutiuthtrong
ncvchbinxutkhuquitrnhsnxuthini,ckhnngpdngcctinb
cakhoahckthutsnphmmiphictctngtrngnhanh
Vthtrngtiuth:Snphmphipngnhucuthtrngtrongvngoi
nc,tngtrngnhanh,nnh,nhucucathtrngvvsnphmcncao,thng
hiu c uy tn trong v ngoi nc Sn phm phi c tham gia xut khu t 15% sn
lnghocdoanhthutrlnvcgithnhbnghocthphnsnphmcngloitrn
thtrng.
Vchtlngsnphm:Snphmphicpdngvtcctiuchuncht
lngcaVitNamvqucthaykhuvc.
V chin lc pht trin sn phm: Sn phm phi c chin lc m rng th
trngvctimnngphttrinthtrngmitrongtnglaickhnngcnhtranh
caovcchinlcnngcaonnglccnhtranhtrongdihnngthicchinlc
phttrinquimsnxut,kinhdoanhdatrntimnngvuthcatnhTinGiang
B.QuitrnhnhgixtchnsnphmchlccatnhTinGiang
Theo Chng trnhh trpht trin snphmch lctnh Tin Giang giaion
20092015,banhnhkmtheoQuytnhs20/2009/QUBNDngy03thng8nm
2009thQuitrnhxcnhsnphmchlccaTnhc2 thtc:Xtchnsnphm
ch lc v xt chn n v, doanh nghip tham gia Chng trnh h tr pht trin sn
phmchlcviccnidungvktqucthcghinhnnhsau:
v Thtcxtchnsnphmchlc
Trnhtvthtcthchinxtchnnhsau:
Trong nm 2009, cc s, ngnh trn c s quy hoch, k hoch pht trin ca
ngnh5nm,10nmxuthintrng,khnngphttrinccsnphmchlcca
ngnhBanchonngcaosccnhtranhcasnphmchlccatnhTinGiang
(gittlBancho)xemxt,trnhybannhndntnhphduytchung.Sau,cc
s,ngnhlpKhochchititphttrinccsnphmchlccatngngnhgiaion
t20092015(trongnurmctiu,chtiu,tin,ccbcthchin,ccngun
kinhphut)thngquaBanchoxemxt,trnhybannhndntnhphduyt
tchcthchin.
Banchocncvonidungphduytcaybannhndntnh,hngnm
ctrchnhimphihpvis,ngnhvnngvxtchncctchc,doanhnghip,

86

hptcxthamgiachngtrnhvtinhnhcchotnghtrtheoquynh.Tiu
ch nh gi xt chn sn phm ch lc ca Tin Giang da trn: Mc sn lng,
Doanhthu,Dintchnuitrng,quymsnxutcatngloisnphmvcnhhng
ntnhhnhphttrinkinhtxhicaTnh.lmcsxemxt,lachnsnphm
chlc,TinGiangarabngnhginnglccnhtranhcasnphm chlcvi
trn30cuhixoayquanhnhiuvnlinquannutrn(xemphlc6)
Bng2.27 DanhmcvtiuchxtchnsnphmchlcTinGiang
STT

Nhmsnphmnng
nghip,thysn

Dintchnui
trngton
vng(ha)

Dintchnuitrng
Snlng
tptrung(ha)khng
(Tn/nm)
nhhn

XoictHaLc

1500

200

20.000

VsaLRnVnhKim

1500

200

28.000

Suring

1500

200

15.000

BilongCC

1000

100

10000

ThanhlongChGo

1000

100

15.000

Khm(da)TnLp

3000

500

60.000

SriGCng

500

100

7.000

Nhn

1000

100

10.000

Lathmcsn,

5000

500

50.000

10

NpbChGo

3000

200

30.000

11

Nghu

2000

100

15.000

12

Tmhocthusnkhc

100

10.000

13

Cdatrn

100

10.000

14

Heoththngnc

15

Tmging

16

Gingthysnncngt
(tmcngxanh,ctra,)

STT

Quimnuicngnghip,tngnphit2000
con/tritrln.
quymsnxuttrn100triucon/nmtchun
gingtt,schbnh.
Quymsnxuttrn100triucon/nmt
chungingtt,schbnh.

Nhmsnphmcngnghipvtiuth
cngnghip

Snlng
(Tn/nm)

Gocsn

50.000

Gochtlngcao(gochmlngtm
nhhnhocbng5%)

50.000

Ccsnphmchbintgo

1.500

Rauquchbinccloi

5.000

Cphilnglnh

5.000

Doanhthu
(tng/nm)

87

Nghunglnh

2.000

Thysnnglnhccloi(trcphil)

3.000

Thysnchbinnghp

1.000

ThcnCN(giasc,giacmvthysn)

50.000

10

Snphmmaycngnghip

2.000.000SP/nm

11

Thuctndc,namdc

200triuvin/nm

12 HngthcngmnghXKcdoanhthu
30
Ngun:ChngtrnhhtrphttrinccsnphmchlctnhTinGiang
Theo Bng danh mc v tiu ch xt chn trny cho thy, tuy c s quan tm
tondincnngnghip,thysnvcngnghip tiuthcngnghipnhngvic
xtchnsnphmchlccaTingGiangcngvncnnngvchquanvchyu
davongunlcsnxutvquimsnlng,chaquantmthtsnuracng
nhnnglccnhtranhcasnphm.Nhiusnphmcchnnngvaphng,
khngmangtnhphbincavngnhnghu,bilongCC
v Thtcxtchnnv,doanhnghipthamgiaChngtrnh
Saukhixtchnsnphmchlc,ccdoanhnghipcsnphmclachn
ngkthamgiaChngtrnhscnhgi,lachnchnhthcldanhnghipch
lccaTnh.Vxtchnoanv,doanhnghipthamgiachngtrnh,TinGianga
ra2thtc:
1)Tiuch xtchnnv,doanhnghipthamgia
Vtiuchlachn,chyucngdavo4yut:(1)nnglcsnxut(2)th
trngtiuth (3)chtlngsnphmv(4)chinlcphttrindoanhnghip
Bng2.28 Tiuchxtchnnv,doanhnghipthamgiachngtrnh
TT

Tiuch

im

Nnglcsnxut

35

iviccnv,doanhnghipkinhdoanh,snxutlnhvccng
nghip,dchvcsnlngsn phm(iviloihnhkinhdoanh
dchvxtchnmcdoanhthu)ttrn75%sovimcquinhsn
lng,doanhthuvsnphmchlccaPhlcII.
iviccnv,doanhnghipkinhdoanh,snxutlnhvcnui
trngnngthusncdin tchsnxutttrn75%sodintch
nuitrngtptrunghocsnlngttrn30%sovimcquinh
snlngvsnphmchlccaPhlcII.

20

Hoc

iviccnv,doanhnghipkinhdoanh,snxutlnhvccng
nghip,dchvcsnlngsnphm(iviloihnhkinhdoanh

15

88

dchvxtchnmcdoanhthu)tt50%n75%sovimcqui
nhsnlng,doanhthuvsnphmchlccaPhlcII.
iviccnv,doanhnghipkinhdoanh,snxutlnhvcnui
trngnngthusncdintchsnxuttdi75%sodintch
nuitrngtptrunghocsnlngtt20%30%sovimcqui
nhsnlngvsnphmchlccaPhlcII.

Quytrnhsnxut,cngnghhini,tintin.
iviloihnhdchvcshtngttiuchunngnhquinh,
phongcchphcvchuynnghipthamnnhucukhchhngvl
loihnhdchvchtlngcao.
ivi ccnv,doanhnghip kinhdoanh, sn xut lnhvcnui
trngnngthusnxydngvpdngccquytrnhsnxuttintin
(nh:GAP,SQF,HACCP,ISO22000)

Hoc Quytrnhsnxut,cngnghtrungbnh.

10

Sdngngunnguynliuaphng,trongnc.
Hocsnphmmangtnhcth,csncatnhTinGiang.

Thtrngtiuth

30

pngnhucuthtrngtrongvngoinc,tngtrngnhanh

10

Snphm c gi thnhbnghoc thphn snphm cng loi trn

thtrng

10

Thnghiucuytntrongvngoinc

Snphmcthamgiathtrngxutkhut15%snlng

Chtlngsnphm(t1trong2mcsau)

Snphmchlccadoanhnghipsnxuttheotiuchunchtlng
caquct,qucgia.
Ringiviloihnhdchv,chtlngpngnhucuthamn
khch hng c s pdng cchthngqunl cht lngquc t
(ISO9001:20085S)giatngkhchhnglpli.

20

Snphmchlccadoanhnghipsnxutxydngvpdng
Hoc theo tiu chun c s,hi ha tiu chun Vit Namhoc tiu chun
quct,khuvc.
Loihnhdchvchtlngpngnhucuthamnkhchhng.

15

15 20

Chinlcphttrindoanhnghip

15

Doanh nghip c chin lc m rng th trng, c tim nngpht

trinccthtrngmitrongtnglai

Doanh nghip c chin lc nng cao cht lng c kh nng p

dngcccngnghcao,kthuttintin,giatngsccnhtranhvi
DNcngngnh.
iviloihnhdchv,cchinlcnngcpcshtng,ci
tinphongcchphcvnhmnngcaochtlngphcv.

89

Doanhnghipdatrntimlc,iukinvuthtnhTinGiang
giatngsnlng,doanhthu,hiuqukinhtvckhnngpht
trinquymlntrnabntnh
Tngcng:
Ngun:ChngtrnhphttrinsnphmchlctnhTinGiang

5
100

C.DanhmcsnphmchlctnhTinGianggiaion2009 2015
TrncsxutcaBanchochngtrnhphttrinsnphmchlctnh
TinGiang,thng8nm2009UBNDTnhphduytdanhmcsnphmchlctnh
TinGianggiaion20092015.Trong:
v Ngnhnngnghipvthysnc7ngnhhng:
(1) Tricy(cbyloi:vsaVnhKim,thanhlongChGo,suringNg
Hip,sriGCng,khmTnLp,bilngCC,xoi ctHoLc)
(2) NpbChGo
(3) Lachtlngcao
(4) Rauanton
(5) Ccsnphmnuitrngthysn(ctra,tm,nghu)
(6) Gingthusn
(7) Ginglavccgingcykhc.
v Ngnhcngthnggmc6ngnhhng:
(1) Thysnchbinccloi
(2) Rauquchbinccloi
(3) Ccsnphmchbintgohoccylngthckhc
(4) Thcnchnnui
(5) Snphmmaycngnghip
(6) Hngthcngmngh.
v Ngnh dulchvdchv:
(1) Dchvdulchcslngkhchquct
(2) Dchvkhchsn,nhhng
(3) Dchvchuyngiaocngngh
(4) Dchvxutkhulaong
Nhn chung, sn phm ch lc tnh Tin Giangcph duytbaogm cc sn
phmnm trong Danhmc v tiu chnhgic Ban cho Chng trnhxy

90

dngvmangtnhcthaphngcao.ngthi,nuclinktvutng
mcchngcthtrthnhsnphmhnghachlccavng.
Tuy nhin,vn la chn doanhnghipch lc,tc doanh nghip c snxut
kinhdoanhsnphmchlcychacxcnhrrngmchchobitccdoanh
nghip c sn xut, kinh doanh sn phm ch lc nu trn, c hng cc chnh sch
khuynkhchhtrphttrintheoQuynhhtrphttrinsnphmchlcgiaion
2009 2015c banhnh theo Quyt nhs21/2009/QUBND ngy 03/8/2009 ca
Ubannhndntnhmthi.

D.Nhnxt
Sovithctrngnhgi,xtchnsnphmcngnghipchlccatnhBn
Tre,vicnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlccatnhTinGiangcnhngu,nhc
imnhsau:
v Vuim
SoviBnTre,slngtiuchnhgicaTinGiangcthnvcchnh
gicngnginhn.Vcchchmim,chcnphnramctcnhthno
choim,khng phixydngthangimring.Vctiuchxtchndoanhnghip
chlcringnnc thtmranhngdoanhnghipthcsctimlcvtrinvng
tptrungut.CHthngtiuchdnhringchosnphmcngnghip,nngnghip
vthysnnncthtmrasnphmlithtrnc3khuvckinhtcaaphng,
lmchochtrnghtrphttrinsnphmchlcmangtnhtondinhn.
v Vnhcim
CnggingnhBnTre,Hthngtiuchnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlc
tnhTinGiangchathcsdavoccyutkhchquannhcclthuytvlith
sosnhcaDavidRicardohaylithcnhtranhqucgiacaMichealM.Portermch
datrnsmongmunchquannntnhkhoahcchacaoSphnchiamct
ctrongmitiuchvcchlachntrongmitiuchthiucsnhlngnnc
thdnnty,chquanKhngcthangimnnrtkhnhgichnhxcmc
tc trongmi tiu ch cngnh c Hthng tiu ch,dnn vic xt chn thiu
khchquanViclachndoanhnghipchlckhngthhincvnctlim
chlhdanh,dgyrahiunhmdnnlachnsnphmchlcblchlc.c
bit, Danh mc sn phm v tiu ch xt chn sn phm ch lc Tin Giang giai on

91

10091015chdavodintchtptrung,snlnghayquimhotngvdoanhthu
lrtphindin,binbquanhiutiuchquantrngkhcnhlithcnhtranh,
mitrng,lantacahnghachlc
Tmli,cthnivicnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlccaTinGiangcng
chathcskhchquan,khoahcvdonvnthiutnhrrng,minhbch.
2.2.2.3 XcnhhnghachlccatnhVnhLong
VnhLonglmttrongsccaphngkhngcchngtrnhphttrinsnphmch
lcmangtnhchuyncaBSCL.Tuyvy,ngy30thng3nm2008,VnhLongtchc
cuchithovich:XcnhsnphmchlccaVnhLongnnm2015.ycng
chnhltinghincukhoahcdoSKhoahcCngnghVnhLong phihpthc
hincngHiKhoahckinhtHNi.
Saugn3nmnghincu,ti cnghimthuviDanhmcsnphmchlcca
VnhLongbaogm:
v Ccsn phmnng nghip:
(1)Lago,
(2)Tri cy,
(3)Ththeo,
(4)Rau,
(5)Nui trng thy sn
v Ccsn phmcngnghip:
(1)Xay xtgo,
(2)Ch bin thy sn,
(3)Sn xuthtvtmui,
(4)May giy xutkhu,
(5)Gm m ngh.
v Ccsn phm dch vvdulch:

(1) Dchvbnl,
(2) Xutkhu,
(3) Khchsnnhhngv
(4) Dulchsinhthimitvn
Tuynhin,trongqutrnhtrinkhainghincu,Banchnhimtichphihpvi
ccS,ngnhtrongTnhthu thp sliuv tinhnhkhostnhgithctrngcc sn
phmchlccaTnhchnrasnphmchlcchkhngxy dngHthngtiuchnh
gicnc xtchn.ngthi,ktquxcnhsnphmchlccaVnhLongcngmi

92
chda trnphngphp nhtnhm khngs dngccchtiu nh lngnht l chtiu
phnnhnnglccnhtranhcahnghachlc.Do,vicxutccsnphmchlc
caVnh Long vn chapng y yucu khch quan,khoahc
2.2.2.4XcnhhnghachlccatnhLongAn
TngtVnhLong,tnhLongAn cngkhng xydng Chngtrnhchuyn vpht
trinsnphmchlc,mxydng Khochphttrinngnhcngnghipchyutrna
bntnhLongAnnnm2010 .ycthcoilkhochphttrinccngnhcngnghip
chlccaLongAnviDanhmcccngnhcthsau:
(1)Cngnghipmang
(2)Chbinlngthc
(3)Chbinthysn
(4)Chbincyay
(5)Chbinrauqu
(6)Thcn giasc
(7)Snxutthp
(8)Ckh
(9)Chbinhtiunhnxutkhu
(10)Cngnghipdtmaydady
(11) Snxutg thcngmngh
(12) Chbincytrm
(13) Snxutnhahacht
Ngoiccngnhcngnghipchyucquihochtrny,Long An cnxcnhcc
hotngdch vdiy ldch vchnhcaTnhQui hochphttrin kinht x hi
LongAngiaion2007 2010vluhnna:
(1)Thngmivxutnhpkhu

(2) Dchvdulch
(3) Dchvtichnhnhnhng
(4) Dchvbuchnhvinthng
(5) Dchvvnti
ViclachnngnhcngnghipvdchvchyucaLongAnnutrncngkhng
datrncctiuchnhgi,xtchnnomchyudatrnsphntch,nhgitnhhnh
thctphttrin,chivthchthccngnhnhhngmctiuphttrincngnghipca
Tnhtrongtnglaimlachn.Do,ktqulachnnycngkhngccskhoahc
vngchc.

93
2.2.2.5XcnhhnghachlccatnhAnGiang
CnggingnhLongAn,AnGiangtinhnhlachnngnhcngnghipchyuda
trnsphntch,nhgitnhhnhthctphttrin,chivthchthccngnhquanim,
nhhngmctiuphttrincngnghiptiuthcngnghipcaTnhtrongtnglaim
lachnraccngnhcngnghipchyu.Do,ktqulachnnycngkhngccs
khoa hc vng chc nn tc gi nu ra y ch c tc dng tham kho, i chiu vi cc a
phngkhcmthi.
DanhmcccngnhcngnghipchyucaAnGiangt2007 2010baogm :
(1)Cngnghipchbinlngthc,thcphmvung
(2)Cngnghipckh
(3)Cngnghipkhaikhongvsnxutvtliuxydng
(4)Cngnghipthu,may,dagiy
(5)Cngnghipchbingvlmsn
(6)Cngnghipsnxutvphnphiin,nc
2.2.2.6XcnhhnghachlccatnhKinGiang

TnhKinGianglaphngccchxcnhngnhcngnghiputin,ngnh
cngnghipminhnmangtnhhnhchnhnht.Biv,vicxcnhnycUBND
raquytnhdatrnThngtcaBCngthnghngdnmtsnidungquynh
ca Th tng Chnhph v vic phduyt Danh mc cc ngnhcng nghip utin,
ngnhcngnghipminhngiaion20072010,tmnhnnnm2020 vTtrnh
caGimcSCngthngTnh,xutDanhmcccngnhcngnghip u
tin,cngnghipminhnchotnggiaion.(xem phlc7)
2.2.3ChnhschhtrphttrinsnphmchlcBSCLthigianqua
Mcdcnhiuimkhcnhauvnidungvphngphpxcnhsnphm
chlcmiaphngthigianqua,nhngccaphngnyucchungmt
quanimvchtrngphttrinsnphmchlcthngquachnhschhtrchocc
doanhnghip,cssnxutmtcchrtcth.Thngquaccchnhschhtrny,
nhiusnphmcaaphngtocuytnvchtlng,thnghiuvnngcao
nng lc cnh tranh trn th trngtrongv ngoi nc,gp phnquantrng vopht
trinkinhtxhitrongtonvng.Sauylmtsvnchyulinquannh
trphttrinsnphmchlcccaphngBSCL.
2.2.3.1itngchtr

94

itngcxemxthtrlccdoanhnghip,hptcxcccssnxut
csnphmchlcvpngcciukinsau:
Cnnglcxydngvthchinccti,dn,toraccsnphmcu
thcnhtranh,manglihiuqukinht,xhi
Sn phmphi png cc tiu ch v sn phm ch lc v tim ti thiu
theoHthngtiuch doBanchora
Cquym,nnglcsnxuthoccquyhoch,khochvquym,nnglc
snxutphhpv
cBanchochngtrnhphttrinsnphmchlctnhxtchnv c
lnhoaphngphduyt
2.2.3.2Nguyntchtr
Vic h tr pht trin sn phm ch lc cn bo m tnh chnh xc, minh bch
cngnhhiuquti u.Dovy,vichtrnyphibomccnguyntcsau:
Trongcngmtnidunghtr,snphm(hoctchc,doanhnghip)ch
lcchchtr01lnvkhichacnguntichnhkhchtr.Trongtrnghp
cngnidunghtrnucccquinhkhcdocquanthmquynbanhnhmch
trcaohnthcctchc,doanhnghipschngtheomchtrcaquynh.
Cctrnghpsdngngunhtrsaimcchhockhngngitngth
sbthuhi.
Vicqunlkinhphhtrthchinngtheoquynhqunltichnhhin
hnhcaNhnc.
2.2.3.3Nidunghtr
1) Htrsnxutgingphcvchophttrinvngnguynliu
H tr chi ph cy ging, con ging thc hnh th im, hngdn k thut,
chuyngiaocngnghchoccvngnguynliuviquym snxutphhpvtng
kinhphti,dnkhngvtmcquinhcaaphng
2)Htrthchinccti,dnsnxutthnghim
Htrchoccti,dnsnxutthnghim,pdngkthut,cngnghmi
quymvavnhphttrin snphmchlc.Mchtrthchintheoquynh
qunlvhtrtrinkhaiti,dnnghincukhoahcvphttrincngnghca
aphng.
3)Htrnngcaotrnh qunldoanhnghip

95

Baogm:htrkinhphchocccngvicnhhngdn,xydngvcngb
hnghaphhptiuchunxydngvpdngcchthngqunlchtlngtin
tin,ccquytrnhsnxutsnphmchtlngcao,anton,titkimnnglng,tham
gia ccgiithng chtlng quc gia v quc t htro tohoc tvnqun l
doanhnghip,hthngthngtinint,hthngtrlng,ccutchc.v.v..
4)Htrxctinthngmi,qungbthnghiu
Htrchocccngvicnh:thngtinthngmi,tuyntruyn v tvnxut
khuotonngcaonnglcvknngkinhdoanhdchvvxutkhuchodoanh
nghiphichtrinlmkhosttmkimthtrngtrongvngoincphttrin
snxutvdchvqungbthnghiuvsnphmxutkhu,dchvctrngcatnh,
tham gia trng by ti cc showroom trong v ngoi ncm cc ca hng gii thiu sn
phmrangoitnhnghincungdngphttrinthngmiintphcvxutkhuv
xydngtrangwebsite cho doanhnghip
5) Htr chnggiailnthngmi
Htrhngdn xydngvbovthnghiu,ngkquynshutrtu tvn,
thngtinphplut,thchinchnghnggian,hnggi.
6) Htrimicngnghnngcaochtlngvadnghasnphm
Htrchiphchocchotngtvntheohpngkvinvctcchphp
nhntvn,dchv,saukhihpngcthanhlhtrlisutvayvnthchinvic
imicngnghhtrchuyngiaocngnghtintin
7) Htro to,nngcaochtlngngunnhnlc
Htrchiphtchccckhabidngtheochuyncpnhtkinthcchocn
bqunl,ks,cng nhn,nngdn,chtrangtr htrtphunnngcaotrnh vp
dngcngnghmivqunldoanhnghiphtrdoanhnghipthamquanhchi,traoi
kinhnghimtrongvngoincvcitinvnngcaonngsut,chtlng.
8) Htrvthngtinvtipcnnguntichnh
Htrvthngtinnguntichnhvtipcnngunvntndngnhnc,baogm:
cungcpthngtinvccngunvntndnguihngdndoanhnghiptipcncc
ngun vn tn dngnh nc v vnngn sch nh nch tr cho doanh nghip h tr
doanhnghipkugiut,hptcuthngdnthtc ut,ngkkinhdoanh.
9) Htrdoanhnghiputxlchtthivxydnghthngbovmitrng

96

Htrchiphchocchotngtvn,nhgichngnhnhthngqunlmbo
mitrng(ISO14000,)htrdoanhnghiput,xydnghthngxlchtthi,
chuyngiaocngnghsnxutsch, bovmitrng
10)Htrphttrincchptcxthamgiaxydng,pdngvchngnhn
tcctiuchuntintin
ivicchptcxkinhdoanh,snxutccsnphmch lctrongqutrnh
xydngvpdngcchthngqunlchtlngtintin(ISO,GAP,HACCP,SQF,
GMP,GHP)thngoicchtrnutrncnchtrkinhphvxydngcs
htng,tliuhoccngcnhns cahptcx theoccdn,ticthc lnh o
aphng phduyt.
2.2.3.4Ngunkinhph htr
Tutheotnhcht,nidung,yucuphttrin,snphmchlcscxth
trthngquatccngun:qusnghipkhoahccngnghaphngqukhuyn
nng, qu khuyn cngqu khuyn ngqu xc tinu t v thngmi dulch
qu htrphttrintccs,ngnhtnhtheochocaBancho.Ngoira,cnc
ngunhtrtccngnhtrungngvngunhtrtccdoanhnghiputngun
linktkinhdoanh,ccngunphingnschkhc.v.v
2.2.4Nhnxtchung
Quanghincuthc trng xc nh v pht trin snphm ch lc ca BSCL
thigianqua,tcgirtracnhngimmnhvimcnhnchrtkinh
nghimchovicxcnhsnphmchlcvxutgiiphpphttrinsnphmch
lcBSCLnnm2020.Cth:
1)Vxcnhsnphmchlc
Quitrnhxtchnvcngnhnsnphmchlcchaphhp
Nhnchung,qutrnhxtchnsnphmchlcccaphngthngkhng
theomtquitrnhcthvthngnhtnoc.Caphngxydngquitrnhvi2
giaion,xtuvovxturaurathchintheo2bc,bctnhgica
ccdoanhnghipvbcnhgicabancho(tnhBnTre).Licaphngxy
dngquitrnhxtchntheo2bc,bcxtchnsnphmchlcvbcxtchn
oan v, doanh nghip tham gia (tnh Tin Giang). Tuy nhin, cng c a phng tin
hnhlachnsnphmchlcbngcngtrnhnghincukhoahc(tnhVnhLongv
TpCnTh).Thmch,cnhiuaphngxcnhsnphmchlchocngnhngh

97

chlckhngtheobtkquitrnhhaycngtrnhnghincuno,mraquytnh xt
chndatrntvncacccquanqunlnhncvchcnnghocngnhcaa
phng,dnnktqurtchquan,thiucskhoahc.
Thtcxtchnvcngnhnsnphmchlccharrng,khoahc
Vthtcxtchnsnphmchlccngmangtnhadng,phctpvkhng
thngnhtvinhaugiaccaphng.Caphngaranhiuthtcrmrt
khungkthamgiaChngtrnhhtrphttrinsnphmchlcntnhgi
xutsnphmthamgia,nkimtranhgicabanchoChngtrnhvsaul
thtcngk,hpng,camktchtrcaaphng.
Tiuchnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlccnmangtnhchquan
Tuyccaphngtrongvngucnhngctrngchunggingnhau,nhtl
iu kinsn xutmt s snphm ch lc, nhng tiu chnh gi, xt chn cc sn
phmchlclikhnggingnhau.Caphngchtrngvolinhun,xutkhu,
sctngtrngcasnphmvcctiuchchtlng,mitrng...(BnTre),tha
phngkhclichtrngvodintchcanhtcvsnlngthuhochhngnm(Tin
Giang). Cng c aphng ch cnc vonh hngmc tiupht trin kinh t a
phngmquihochngnhnghchlc...
2)Vhtrphttrinsnphmchlc
Nhnchung,ccaphngucchnhschhocquichkhcthhtr
ccdoanhnghip,ngisnxuttptrungphttrinsnxutiviccsnphmc
chn v cng nhn l sn phm ch lc ca a phng. Tuy nhin, hu ht cc a
phngvnchatrinkhaithchincdonhiunguynnhn,trongnguynnhn
ch yu vn l c ch iu hnh ca a phng v quan h phi hp gia cc doanh
nghipvicquanqunlnhnctrongtnglnhvc.[8],[16],[17].Cth:
Quihochchangb,nhtqun nnphttrincnmanhmn.
Qui hoch cn mang tnh ch quan, cha ng b v nht qun gia cc a
phng trong vngnn dnn tnhtrngmnh ai ny lm, mia phngtrin khai
thchintheocchring,hqulsnphmthiutnhngnht,quimsnlngthp,
tnhcnhtranhkhngcao,dokhcthphttrinludi.
Linktcnlnglo,hnhthcnnphttrinkhngnnh.
Dosnxutmanhmn,mnhainylmnnchacsphihp,gnktnhau
giaccaphng,doanhnghip.Hocgi,nucthcngchaccchrngbuc

98

chtchgiaccthnhvin,dnnmingichvlichringtrcmtmxmhi
nlichchung,ludi,lmchoccmilinktsmtan vhocchcn tronghnh
thc.inhnhnhtllinkt4nh.Theotheoccnhkhohc,chachnhschno
khuyn khch h c th gn kt vi ngi sn xut, nhm to ra sn phm cht
lngchothtrngangihi.Nhngiutrndnnngisnxutcngnh
nhdoanhnghipphitbitrongbthtrngbaola,yriro,khiclithh
lm,nuthtbithhnghnnsnphmkhtntiludi.
utcndntri,thiucninnphttrinmtcchkhpkhing.
Tnhtrngphbinhinnayccaphnglchyuaxydngcckhucng
nghip thuht cc nhu t trong v ngoi ncu t vo sn xut cngnghip
nhngthiuquantmutchophttrinngunnguynliuvhthngphnphisn
phmu ra. Tc,ut thiu cni giacc khu trongchui gi tr snphm,dn
ntnhtrngsnxuttpht,chytheophongtrovhqulthngxuyn rivo
vnglnqun: tha,thiusnphmlintcxyra.
ngdngtinbkhoahcvcngnghmivosnxutcnhnch,lmcho
chosnphmchlckhpngcyucungycngcaocathtrng.
Thigianqua,nhnchungphttrinkhoahcvcngnghcaBSCLcncha
tngxng,chapngcyucucaqutrnhcngnghipho,hiniho,c
bit l trong sn xut nngnghip. Tngu t ca ton x hi cho khoa hc v cng
nghcnmcrtthp(khong0,6%GDP),trongchyultngunngnschnh
nc. T l u t ca doanh nghip cho khoa hc v cng ngh mi t khong 43%
nguntngnsch.Chtlngoto cnnhiu yukm,btcpnnngunnhnlc
khoahcvcngnghngycngkhngpngcyucucadoanhnghip.Chnh
v vy m tc ng ca khoa hc v cng ngh n sn xut, kinh doanh cn yu, sn
phm c sn xut ra khng p ng cc tiu chun quc t, cht lng thp, tnh an
tonkhngcao.
Phttrinsnphmchlcchambottccyutbnvng.
SnphmchlcBSCLviimtalsnphmnng nghip.Do,phttrin
sn phm ch lc bn vng khng tch ri vi pht trin nng nghip bn vng. Tuy
nhin,phttrintronglnhvcnythigianquabclnhiubtcpnh:snxut
thiunhhngchinlc,tphtchytheophongtrothmcanhtngv,lmdng
hachtvchuynimcchsdngtrnlanlmgimdintchcngnhchtlng

99

tnngnghip.Ngoira,victchcsnxutvsdnghachtthiukhoahc
gyratnhtrngsuythoimitrng,nhimngunncvmtantontrongsnxut
cngnhsdngsnphmnngnghip.
Tmli,ngoi2tnhBnTrevTinGianglthucstaphngBSCL
xydnghonchnhHthngtiuchvBngimnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlc
camnhvcngbrngrichoccnvtrnabntnhtrinkhaithchin.S
aphng cn lica BSCL cha xy dngc H thng tiu ch lachn sn
phm ch lcmhin chmi xydng k hoch,qui hochhoc npht trinm
thi...Tuynhin,vicxydngquihoch,khochcahaiaphngtrnchyuda
vosnhgitnhhnhbinngcathgiivkhuvc,thmnhcaaphngv
quan im, ch trng pht trin ca lnh o...ch cha tht s da trn cc kt qu
nghincukhoahc.Xutphtttnhhnhnhvymsnphmchlccchn
miaphnguckhcnhau,mangtnhcthaphngcao,thiusngnht
dokhngcslinkt,phihp.Ngoira,ccaphngtrongvngchacccgii
phpvchnhschhtrphttrinmangtnhnhtqun,ngbnnphttrinsnphm
chlccnmanhmn,thiunnhvchambottccyutphttrinbnvng.

2.4.Ktlunchnghai
tlu,BSCLcmnhdanhlvalacacnc,lquhngcacyxanhtri
ngtvltmcysng.iunynilntimnng,lithctnhcthcavngkinht
mang tm chin lc quc gia. Vi li th v tim nng nh vy,BSCL to ranhiu sn
phmviquimsnlngln,chtlngcnhtranhvmctngtrngcaolungivtrch
chttrongphttrinkinhtxhicavngcngnhxutkhucacnc.Mcdvy,vic
xcnhmtcchkhoahculsnphmchlccavngcquihochvtptrungut
phttrinmtcchthngnht,ngbtrnphmvitonvnghunhcnbng.Nhiusn
phmhnhthnhvphttrinmtcchtnhinnnkhngnnh,phchpvgingloiv
phthucvothinnhin.Gny,nhiuaphngtrongvngthcctmquantrng
cavicxcnhvphttrinsnphmchlcnnchngnghincu,trinkhainhiuh
thngtiuchnhgixtchnsnphmchlccngnhxydngchngtrnhhtrpht
trinsnphmchlcchoaphngmnh.Tuynhin,viclmnyvncnnhiuhnch:h
thngtiuchthiutnhkhoahcsnphmchlcclachnthiukhchquan,manhmn,
thiutnhlinktgiaccaphngnnkhngtonnscmnhcnhtranhchosnphmton
vng.

100

Chng3
XCNHSNPHMCHLCVPHTTRIN
SNPHMCHLC BSCLNNM2020
3.1Quanim,mctiuphttrinsnphmchlcBSCLn 2020
3.1.1QuanimphttrinsnphmchlcBSCLn2020
Xc nh sn phm ch lc BSCL l vic xem xt, la chn tm ra sn
phmhnghahocdchvthcscnnglccnhtranhvtimnngphttrin
lntptrungutnhmkhaithchiuqutimnngvlithcavng.Do
,vicxcnhsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020,nhtthitphidatrn
ccquanim phttrincbnsauy:
1) Pht trin sn phm ch lc trn c s khai thc tt li th ca vng v
ngun ti nguyn thin nhin trn t lin, trn bin, thm lc a vi ngun lao
ng dido,cng vi tranh thti a cc ngunlc t bn ngoi thng qua cc
chnhschphhpnhmphttrinkinhtBSCLmtcchtondinvinntng
lnngnghipcngnghcaottcphttrinnhanhvbnvng.
2)Phttrinsnphmchlctheohngtptrungvophttrincngnghipch
binclithvnguynliuccsnphmnngnghipcvthcnhtranhtttrnth
trngniavxutkhu,tonntngvngchcchotintrnhhinhpkinhtquct
3)Phttrinsnphmch lcphitoramitrng ut tptrungcao
nhm khai thc hiu qu ngun lc hin c v tng kh nng cnh tranh ca sn
phm,cbitivinhngmthngchbinnng,thysnxutkhu,tong
lc y nhanhtc tng trng kinh t theo hng cng nghip ho v hin i
ha.
4)Phttrinsnphmchlcphignvitngcngmilinkt4nh,linkt
chui sn xut v lin kt vng, to ra cc khu vc sn xut tp trung vi qui m ln
trongthuhtcnhiuthnhphnkinht,nhiulnhvcngnhnghcngthamgia,
tin tihnhthnh cc tpon kinh tmnh, c khnng tham gia cnh tranh trn
phmvitoncu.

101

5) Pht trin sn phm ch lc phi to ra s kt hp hi ho gia tng

trngkinhtvimbomitrngsinhthi,cnhquandulch,giahiuqu
kinhtxhivi anninhqucphng.
3.1.2.nhhngmctiuphttrinsnphmchlcBSCLn 2020
Theo QuyhochtngthphttrinkinhtxhivngBSCLnnm2020,
cThtngChnhphphduytvquanimphttrinnutrnth:
Vnngnghip,xcnhcylalcytrngchlc,tiptcutkhoahc,
kthutvcngnghvosnxutnngcaonngsut,chtlngsnphm,mbo
cho tiu dng trong nc v xut khu, khuyn khch pht trin vng sn xut la ln,
chuyncanh(mhnhcnhngmuln),nhtlcca phngcthmnhvsn
xutlagonhAnGiang,KinGiang,ngThp.mboanninhlngthcquc
giavgivngxutkhukhongt67triutngo/nm,ngthimrngdintch
tngsnlngcynqu,cycngnghipcngnh cccytrngkhcymnh
phttrinchnnuigiascgiacm.Phnutngsnlng68%/nmpngnhu
cuthcphmchothtrngtrongncvthamgiaxutkhu.
Vthysn,xydngngnhthysntrthnhngnhkinhtminhn,snxut
hngha ln,c sc cnh tranh cao, kimngch xut khu ln. Tiptcpht trinnui
trngthysntheohngthmcanhvtptrung,mrngkhuvcnuitrngthysn
trn bin, o, khu vc ncngt, nc l. C th:Phnu n nm2015 snlng
nuitrngthysnt3,60triutn,trndintch1,10triuhagitrkimngchxut
khut3,5 4,0tUSD,giiquytviclmchokhong3,0triulaong.nnm
2020snlngnuitrngthysnt4,5triutn,trndintch1,2triuhagitrkim
ngchxutkhut5,0 5,5tUSD,giiquytviclmchokhong3,5triungi.
V cngnghip, tp trung pht trin cngnghipchbin, cng nghip nh v
tiuthcngnghipvylngnhlungivtrquantrngnhttrongccngnhcng
nghipcavngtngcngccngnhsnphmcngnghipthenchtlcngnghip
chbinlngthcthcphmgivaitrchlccavng,tnaynnm2020cn
tptrungphttrinmnh:cngnghipchbinthu,hisn,cngnghipscsnvch
binccsnphmtht,cngnghipchbinrau,tricy,ncgikht.
V du lch, tp trung pht trin du lch c th vng BSCL nh du lch tham
quansngnc,mitvnkthpvinghtinhdn,dulchvnhatmhiuvnha
ccdntctrongVng,dulchsinhthi,dulchthamquan,nghincucchsinhthi

102

adng Vng,du lchnghdngbinocao cp (tiPh Quc, H Tin).Phnu

nnm2020t3,9triultkhchquctv6,5triultkhchdulchniathu
nhpxhithotngdulcht1.349,5triuUSD,GDPdulcht877,1triuUSD.

3.2XcnhsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020
3.2.1. HthngtiuchxcnhsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020
3.2.1.1CsxydngHthngtiuchxcnhsnphmchlcBSCL
HthngtiuchxcnhsnphmchlcBSCLlkhunkhcctiuchun
baogmcnhlngvnhtnhdngnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlcchung
chotonvng tnayn2020vcthxahnnuvkhchquankhngcgthay i.
Vinghavtmquantrngnhvy,qutrnhhnhthnhHthngtiuch,tcgi
datrncccsl lun vlithcnhtranhkinhnghimcamtsaphngv
thmdkincaidincccquanbanngnhtrongvng.
1)Csllun
CslluncaHthngtiuchlcclthuytctrnhby chng 1nh:
L thuyt lith tuyt i ca Adam SmithThuyt li th so snh ca David Ricardo
ThuytLithcnhtranhqucgia(chyuvndngmhnhKimcng)vLthuyt
CmphttrincaMichaelE.Porter.Tcclthuytny,ccchtiunhlngcng
nhnhtnhcxemxtvlachnhnhthnhHthngtiuch.
2)Kinhnghimthct
Thngquanghincu,thamkhophngphpxcnhsnphmchlcvH
thngcctiuchnhgi,xtchnsnphmchlccaccaphngtrongcnc
nh:thnhphHNi,thnhphHiPhng,tnhNghAn,tnhBnTrevtnhTin
Giang...ng thi, nhm nghin cu cng tin hnh kho st thc thc t ti cc thnh
phlnvmtstnhBSCL.Tthctny,tcgixemxtphngphpxydng
imchunnhgichungvthangimnhgichomitiuchcth.
3)Thamkhokinchuyngia
TchcHithokhoahcvichxcnhsnphmchlcTpCnThgiai
on20072010,tmnhn2020vititngthamgiagmidincccquanqun
lnhnc(sngnh)idincctrngihc,caong,vinnghincuvccnh
khoahccaTpCnThvkhuvcBSCL.Ngoira,tcgicntchcgiphiuci
hikhostnnhiuitngcchuynmntronglnhvcnyvnhngngiquan
tmkhctrongvng (xemphlc8).

103

T cc kin tho lun trong hi tho v tr li bng cu hi, tc gi tnh ton

trngschomitiuchvtxcnhsimchuntiatheotrngschotng
tiuchcth..
3.2.1.2 Nidungvcchtnhtonchocc tiuch
v Nidungcctiuch
TiuchxcnhsnphmchlcBSCLcxydngthnh2hthng.H
thngtiuchxcnhsnphm hnghachlcvHthngxcnhsnphmdch
v ch lc. Mih thng li c c2 nhm,nhm tiu chnh lng vnhm tiu ch
nhtnh.Nhmtiuchnhlngbaogmccchtiucn,tccctiuchphnnh
scmnhcnhtranhniticasnphm,cnnhmtiuchnhtnhbaogmccch
tiuthhiniukin,tcihixhipngsnphmchlcphttrin.Ni
dungkhiqutcacctiuchnyctrnhby mc1.2.1.4,Chng1.
v imchuntiacahthngvimchuntiachotngtiuch
imchunti a cah thngc chialm2nhm,nhmnh lng chn
thangim100vnhmnhtnhchnthangim20(vcnghakhuynkhchnn
chchnsimtia bng20%imchunnhlng).
imchuntiachomitiuchlbiuthmctccasnphmch
lcBSCLivimitiuchcth.ylcsxemxtmctcvmt
nhlngcasnphmchlcivimtyutno.Mitiuchcmcquan
trngkhcnhaunnkhixydngthangim,tcgisdngphngphpchuyngia
vsdngcngthctnhimtrngs(1.11)tnhimchunchomitiuch.(xem
phlc9)
Sauy,tcgixutxydngHthngtiuchvphngphptnhtonc
thchomitiuchnhmlmcsnhgixtchnvxutDanhmcsnphmch
lcBSCLnnm2020.
A.Nhmtiuchnhlng
A1.Trnghpsdngnhgisnphmhngha(snphmhuhnh)
Snphmhnghalsnphmvtchtnnvicnhginhlngkhddng,
docthpdngc10chtiunhginnglccnhtranhvlithsosnhnh
trnhby phn(1.2.1.4), Chng1.ngthi,tngsimchunca10tiuchnyl
100im(dngthangim100tinchovictnhtonchitit).imchuntiacho
mitiuchctnhtheocngthc(3.1)v(3.2).Tuynhin,trngschcgitrxc

104

nhtiuchnoquantrnghntiuchno(theosuynghcachuyngia),cnvicxc
nhmcimcthtcgitiuphichophhpviiukintnhtonthct.H
thngtiuch nhlng ctrnhby trongbng3.1diy.
Bng3.1Hthngtiuchnhlngdngchoxcnhhnghachlc
TT

Tn/nidungtiuch

K
hiu

imchun
tia(Pt)

TtrngGTSLcasnphmsovitonvng

RO V

10

Hsaphnghacasnphm

LQri

10

Tctngtrngbnhquncasnphm

GRW

10

Hsvttricasnphm

CGrw

12

TtrngGTXKcasnphmsovitonvng

REX

12

Hslithsosnhhinhunia

RCAD

12

Hslithsosnhhinhuquct

RCAW

Hsthngmirng

NTR

10

Tlbohhuhiu

EPR

DRC

10 Hschiphngunlctrongnc

Cngimchunchung(P)
100
Ngun:Davonidunglthuyt 1.2.1.4tcgixydngvxut
A2.Trnghpxcnhsnphmdchvchlc(snphmvhnh)
H thng tiu ch xc nh dch v ch lc ch c 6 tiu ch gm cc tiu ch
1,2,3,4,5v6(tcgichorngtiuch7,8,9v10khngphhptnhchodchv).Tng
simchuntiavnl100im,cchtnhnh
Bng3.2 Hthngtiuchnhlngdngchoxcnhdchvchlc
TT

Tn/nidungtiuch

K
hiu

imchunti
a(Pt)

TtrngGTSXcasnphmsovitonvng

RO V

18

Hsaphnghacasnphm

LQri

18

Tctngtrngbnhquncasnphm

Gr w

15

Hsvttricasnphm

CGrw

18

TtrngGTXKcadchv

REX

16

105

Hslithsosnhhinhunia

RCAD

15

Cngimchunchung(P)
100
Ngun:Davonidunglthuyt 1.2.1.4tcgixydngvxut
Trong:
Tiuch1(RO V):Lt ssosnhgiaGTSX(hocGDP)casnphmxemxt
viSTSX(hocGDP)catonvng{cngthc(1.1)}.Mcttrngchuntnhim
tiachotiuchl10%(ttrngtrungbnhcaccloisnphmcxemxt).
Cchtnh:Lystrungbnhtrong5nmgnnhtcasnphmxemxtichiu
vithangimdiytnhimthctchotiuch.imtiatnhchosnphm
hnghal10vtnhchodchvl18.
Thangim:
RO V (%)
imshngha
imsdchv

>1 4

>4 7

>7 10

>10

10

3,6

7,2

10,8

14,4

18

Tiu ch 2 (LQir): L t s so snh gia ROV ca sn phm ang xem xt ca

BSCLviRO V tngngcacnc{cngthc(1.2)}.Tiuchnyphnnhmc
tptrungmangtnhchuynmnhacasnphmangxemxttiBSCLsovimc
tptrungchuynmnhaivisnphmcngloitrncnc.Mchschun
tnhimtial1,5(nngcaogp1,5lntrung bnhcnc)
Cchtnh:Lystrungbnhtrong5nmgnnhtcasnphmxemxtichiu
vithangimdiytnhimthctchotiuch.imtiatnhchosnphm
hnghal10vtnhchodchvl18
Thangim:
LQri
imshngha
imsdchv

0,75

>0,75 1

>1 1,25

>1,25 1,5

>1,5

10

3,6

7,2

10,8

14,4

18

Tiuch3(Grw).Ltlsosnhmctngtrnggianmtrcvnmsauca
sn phm {cng thc (1.3)}. Nu tc tng trng bnh qun cng cao chng t sn
phmangxemxtcaBSCLcngckhnngvtrinvngphttrintt.Mctng
trngchuntnhimtial12%(tctngtrngbnhquncatonvng)

106

Cchtnh:Lystrungbnhtrong5nmgnnhtcasnphmxemxtichiu
vithangimdiytnhimthctchotiuch.imtiatnhchosnphm
hnghal10vtnhchodchvl15
Thangim:
GRW (%)

>3 6

>6 9

>9 12

>12

imshngha

10

imsdchv

12

15

Tiuch4(CG rw).Ltssosnhgiatctngtrng(GRW)casnphm
xemxtvitctngtrngcangnhkinhtmsnphmxemxtnggp{cng
thc(1.4)}.Mctngtrngvttrichuntnhimtiachotiuchl1,5(sn
phmxemxttngnhanhhnngnh 50%)
Cchtnh:Lystrungbnhtrong5nmgnnhtcasnphmxemxtichiu
vithangimdiytnhimthctchotiuch.imtiatnhchosnphm
hnghal12vtnhchodchvl18
Thangim:
CGrw

0,75

>0,75 1

>1 1,25

>1,251,5

>1,5

imshngha

2,4

4,8

7,2

9,6

12

imsdchv

3,6

7,2

10,8

14,4

18

Tiu ch 5 (REX): L ts so snh gia gi tr (kim ngch) xut khu ca sn

phmxemxtvigitrxutkhuchungcatonvng{cngthc(1.5)}.Mcttrng
xutkhuchuntnhimtiachotiuchl10%(ttrngtrungbnhcaccloi
snphmxutkhucavng).
Cchtnh:Lystrungbnhtrong5nmgnnhtcasnphmxemxtichiu
vithangimdiytnhimthctchotiuch.imtiatnhchosnphm
hnghal12vtnhchodchvl16
Thangim:
REX (%)

2,5

>2,5 5

>5 7,5

>7,5 10

>10

imshngha

2,4

4,8

7,2

9,6

12

imsdchv

3,2

6,4

9,6

12,8

16

107

Tiuch6(RCAD):Ltssosnhgiattrngxutkhu(REX)hnghahoc
cung ng dch v quc t ca BSCL vi t trng xut khu tng ng trong c nc
{cngthc(1.6)}.Nuhsnylnhn1 thBSCLccoilvngclithcnh
tranhvloisnphm sovicnc.Mchschuntnhimtiachotiu
chl 5(hstrungbnhcaccloisnphmsosnh).
Cchtnh:Lystrungbnhtrong5nmgnnhtcasnphmxemxtichiu
vithangimdiytnhimthctchotiuch.imtiatnhchosnphm
hnghal12vtnhchodchvl16
Thangim:
RCAD
imshngha
imsdchv

>2 3

>3 4

>4 5

>5

2,4

4,8

7,2

9,6

12

12

15

Tiuch 7 (RCAW): L tsso snh gia t trng xut khu (REX) hngha
cng loi hng ha xem xt ca BSCL trn c nc vi t trng xut khu hngha
tngngcathgii{cngthc(1.7)}.Nuhsnylnhn1thBSCLccoil
vngclithcnhtranhquctvloisnphmangxemxt.Mchs chun
tnhimtiachotiuchl5(hstrungbnhcaccloisnphmsosnh).
Cchtnh:Lystrungbnhtrong5nmgnnhtcasnphmxemxtichiu
vithangimdiytnhimthctchotiuch.Tiuchnychtnhchohng
hachlcviimchuntial8 im
Thangim:
RCAW
imshngha

>2 3

>3 4

>4 5

>5

1,6

3,2

4,8

6,4

Tiuch8(NTR):Lchtiuphnnhmitngquangiaxutvnhpkhu
casnphmcngloivisnphmangxtcaBSCL{cngthc(1.8)}.Mchs
chuntnhimtiachotiuchl0,5(cnghalgitrxutkhuxemxtlnhn
1,5lngitrnhpkhusnphmcngloi).
Cchtnh:Tnh trungbnhtrong5nmgnnhtcasnphmxemxthockt
qutnhtoncacquanchcnng,ichiuvithangimdiytnhimcho
tiuch.Tiuchnychtnhchohnghachlcviimchuntial10 im.

108

Thangim:
NTR
imshngha

<0,25

0,25<0,

0<0,25

0,25 <0,5

0,50

10

Tiuch9 (EPR):Lchtiuphnnhmcbohtrongncivisn
phm ch lc (cng loim BSCLang xt) hocnguyn liuu vo sn xuthng
hachlcthngquathuquan,{cngthc(1.9)}.Mcchuntnhimtiacho
tiuchl 30%(tngngmcbohdanhnghabngthuquancaonht)
Cchtnh:Tnh trungbnhtrong5nmgnnhtcasnphmxemxthockt
qutnhtoncacquanchcnng,ichiuvithangimdiytnhimcho
tiuch.Tiuchnychtnhchohnghachlcviimchuntial8im
Thangim:
EPR(%)
imshngha

>010

>10 20

>20 30

>30

1,6

3,2

4,8

6,4

10)Tiuch10(DRC):Lchscdngnhgilithsosnhcangnh
hngthngquaxemxttnhhiuqucangunlctrongnccsdngsnxut
rasnphmchlcBSCL{cngthc(1.10)}.Mcchuntnhimtiachotiu
chnyl0,55(tctn0,55ngchiphngunlctrongnctorac1nggi
trgitngchosnphmchlc)
Cchtnh:Tnh trungbnhtrong5nmgnnhtcasnphmxemxthockt
qutnhtoncacquanchcnngvichiuvithangimdiytnhim
chotiuch.Tiuchnychtnhchohnghachlcviimchuntial 8im
Thangim:
DRC
imshngha

<10,85

<0,850,7

<0,70,55

<0,55

1,6

3,2

4,8

6,4

B. Nhmtiuchnhtnh
Nhmtiuchnhtnhgmc5tiuch,lnhmtiuchdngnhgimt
snphmchlcthngquaccyutnhtnh.ylcc yutthuciukincn,
ihixhihtrsnphmchlcciukinphttrin.ngthi,imsca
nhm tiu ch nh tnh cn c tc dng khuyn khch i vi sn phm c im nh

109

lngthp.imchuntiachonhmtiuchl20(bng20%imnhlng)v
cdngnhgichochnghachlcvdchvchlc.imchuntiacho
mitiuchcngdatrncstnhtontrngstsliukhostkinchuyngia
theocngthc(3.1)v(3.2)nhtiuchnhlng.Cthnhbngdiy.
Bng3.3Hthngtiuchnhtnhxcnhhngha,dchvchlc
TT

imchuntia(Pt)

Tn/nidungtiuch

Hngha

Dchv

Quimthtrng

Ngnhphtrhoclithcthvngunlc

Mclantanhngha,dchvkhc

Antonvthnthinvimitrng

Chnhschuicaaphng

20

20

Cngimchunchung(P)
Ngun:tcgixydngvxut
Trong:

Tiuch1.Khuynkhchivihngha,dchvcphmvithtrngtiuth
snphmhoccungngdchvrngln,adng.Chtiunycnhgidatrn
phmvithtrngnia,khuvchaytoncu.
Cch tnh: Da vo ccbo co chuyn ngnh, kin ca chuyn gia hoc kt
qukhostthctxcnhphmvitiuthhnghatheo4mc:thtrngni
athtrngkhuvc(ASEAN)thtrngchulc(Chu)vthtrngtoncu
(cmttrnnhiuchulc).ivihnghaimtial5imvdchv5im.
Thangim:
Thtrng

Nia

Khuvc

Chulc

Toncu

imchohngha

1,25

2,50

3,75

imchodchv

1,25

2,50

3,75

Tiuch2.Khuynkhchivihngha,dchvcnhiungunlccthso
viccaphngkhctrongnchoccnhiungnhsnxutkhcbtr,toiu
kinthunlisnphmchlcphttrinhockinhdoanhhiuquhn.

110

Cch tnh: Da vo ccbo co chuyn ngnh, kin chuyn gia hocktqu

khostthctxcnhmcmboiukinsnxutkinhdoanhchohngha,
dchvthngquaccyutvngnhnghphtrhoclithcthvngunlc.i
vihnghaimti al4imvdchv5im.

Thangim:
Mcmbo

Thp

Trungbnh

Tt

Rttt

1,25

2,50

3,75

imchohngha
imchodchv

Tiu ch 3. Khuyn khch ivihngha, dch v c nhhng lnn cc

ngnhnghkhchoctoiukinccngnhnghkhc,cbitngnhsnphmch
lcphttrinhockinhdoanhhiuquhn.
Cch tnh: Da vo ccbo co chuyn ngnh, kin chuyn gia hoc ktqu
kho st thc t xcnhmctcng nhngha,dch v khc. imti a
hngha 3imdchv4im.
Thangim:
Phmvitcng
imchohngha
imchodchv

Hp

Trungbnh

Rng

Rtrng

0,75

1,50

2,25

Tiuch4.Khuynkhchivihngha,dchvmboantontrongsn
xutcngnhsdng,khnggyhinmitrngtnhinvxhi.
Cch tnh: Da vo ccbo co chuyn ngnh, kin chuyn gia hocktqu
khostthctxcnhmcnguycmtantonvnhhngtiuccnmi
trng.ivihnghaimtia5imvdchv3im.
Thangim:
Mcanton

Thp

Trungbnh

Cao

Rtcao

imchohngha

1,25

2,50

3,75

imchohngha

0,75

1,50

2,25

111

Tiuch5.Khuynkhchivihngha,dchvthucdincaphng
khuynkhchphttrinvinhiuchnhschuihnsovimtbnguichungca
cnc.
Cchtnh:Davoccbocovchtrng,chnhschcaaphng,kin
chuyngiahocktqukhostthctxcnhmcuicaaphngcho
ngnhhnghocdchvangxt.ivihnghaimtia3im,dchv3im.
Thangim:
Mcui

Thp

Bnhthng

Cao

cbit

imchohngha

0,75

1,50

2,25

imchodchv

0,75

1,50

2,25

3.2.1.3 iukinxtcngnhnhnghachlc
SnphmchlccaBSCLphipngccyucusauy:
1)Trnghpcngnhnsnphmchlc
Snphmphictngsimchunttithiu70imtrln.Trong,im
chuntiuchnhlngphittithiu50im(ttrungbnhtrln).Nhvy,trong
trnghpnyimchuncacctiuchnhtnhphi20im(tccskhuyn
khchcao).Trongtrnghptngsimchuncatiuchnhlngtlnhn
50 im th im chun nh tnh khng nht thitphi 20 im nhng khngc
di10im(bnhqunmitiuchphic2imkhuynkhch).
2)Trnghpbsunghonthin
Trnghpsnphmkhngiukincngnhnlsnphmchlcnhtrn
nhnglithuc1trong2trnghpsauycthchuynsangdintngcnghtr
snphmcthtrthnhsnphmchlctrongtnglai:
Ctngsimchunchung70imtrlnnhngtiuchnhtnhdi10
im(khngbnhqun2imtrntiuch).
C tng im chun tiu ch nh tnh 20 im nhng tng s im chun
chungdi70vimchunnhlngkhngdi45im.
3)Trnghpkhngcngnhnsnphmchlc
Hng ha, dch v s khng c cng nhn l sn phm ch lc BSCL nu
khngnmtrongcctrnghpnutrn.
4) Trnghpngoil

112

Trong trng hp c bit, c th xem xt v cng nhn sn phm ch lc ca

BSCLtrongmtknomkhngnhtthitphipdngycctiuchtrong
Hthngtiuch,cthkthphocthaythbngccyutcthkhc.
3.2.2XcnhsnphmchlcBSCLgiaion2006 1010
Da vo H thng tiu ch xc nh snphm ch lc BSCL, tc gi xc nh
danhmccc snphmchlccavngtrongthigianquanhsau.
3.2.2.1CcchtiuphttrinkinhtclinquancaBSCL
lmcstnhtoncctiuch,cntphpccchtiukinhtclinquan
phntchtrongChng2nhsau:
1)Chtiu gitrsnxutBSCL
Bng3.4ChtiugitrsnxutBSCLgiaion2006 2010
nvtnh:Tng
Ngnh/ Sn
phm
GTSXVng

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

218.097,7 250.679,9 289.093,7 308.611,4 350.419,6

Sosnh(%)

ROV

GRW

//

12,57
4,85

Ngnhnngnghip
55.277,0

57.453,7

61.759,2

64.791,7

66.796,9

21,75

1. Lago

28.852,3

30.765,8

33.137,7

31.559,6

35.309,2

11,34 5,18

2. Tricy

6.186,5

6.431,5

7.115,3

6.587,8

6.939,6

2,36

2,92

3. Da

667,8

702,3

747,5

811,9

838,3

0,27

5,84

4. Giasc

4.924,1

4.823,6

5.758,2

6.055,4

5.688,4

1,94

3,67

5. Giacm

1.388,9

1.607,9

2.467,7

3.119,5

3.486,5

0,86

25,87

GTSXNN

Ngnhthysn
GTSXTS

31.351,6

36.973,4

40.013,2

42.114,4

45.024,8

13,89 9,47

1.Cnui

4.175,7

5.754,8

7.200,9

7.828,2

8.222,9

2,36

18,46

2.Tmnui

3.023,2

3.254,3

3.377,6

3.530,4

3.782,7

1,13

5,76

3.Cnhbt

6.193,3

7.000,3

8.727,9

10.348,1

10.207,1

3,02

13,34

Ngnhcngnghip(ch bin)
GTSXCNCB

61.020,9

76.750,7

1. TPchbin

34.642,6

49.329,2

59.699,1

65.831,1

70.144,3

19,74 19,30

572,3

859,7

1.176,7

1.334,1

1.635,7

0,40 30,02

2. Maymc

Tnhtrungbnhgiaion2006 2010

93.164,2 105.673,7

134.592,3 33,49 21,86

113

3. SPtg,tre

1.082,7

1.488,2

1.694,0

2.358,1

2.588,9

0,65 24,30

Ngnhdulchvdchvvnti
34.378,6

41.522,6

47.464,9

55.757,0

65.497,8 17,39 17,47

1. Dulch

1.723,7

1.902,0

2.475,8

3.046,1

3.957,3

1,08 23,09

2. Vnti

11.491,0

12.410,8

15.319,2

20.502,1

23.426,4

2,83 19,48

GTSXTMDV
3

Ngun:Tnghpt(2.2.2),Chng2
Sliutrnhbytrongbng3.4trnyctrchratktquphntchtimc
2.2.2, Chng 2. Tuy c nhiu, nhng tc gi ch chn ra 13 sn phm tiu biu ca4
ngnh kinh t quan trng ca BSCL xem xt theo cc tiu ch c xy dng.
Trong,nng nghip c5 sn phm vnhm sn phm (xin gi chung lsnphm)
thy sn c3 snphmngnh cngnghipc3snphm vdu lch, vnti c2 sn
phm.Tiuchlachnbcnychyudavottrngvtctngtrngca
snphm.Snphmcchnxemxtphicttrngkhngdi0,2%vtc
tngtrngdng(>0).
2)ChtiuxutkhuBSCL
Bng3.5 Kimngchxutkhumtsmthngquantrng BSCL20062010

Loisnphm
KNXKBSCL

2006

2007

2008

2009

nvtnh:1000USD
Sosnh(%)
2010
G 4
R
EX

3.571.769 4.211.646 5.702.609 5.877.720 6.990.655

//

RW

18,28

Go

774.296

723.195 1.432.515 1.396.173 1.421.759 21,81 16,40

Rauqu

794.795

824.204

854.700

915.831

989.100 16,13

56.000

55.500

54.980

59.782

61.088 1,12

Snphmtda

641.121 1.292.618

5,61
2,20

930.856 1.017.109 16,31 25,01

Cnglnh

416.413

Tmnglnh

981.794 1.127.636 1.184.488 1.046.107 1.215.554 21,08

ThcphmCB

131.792

164.117

303.444

231.178

272.766 4,19 19,95

Maymc

228.183

238.987

357.782

376.310

536.001 6,59 23,80

an,ltmngh

13.380

24.231

27.015

33.417

30.953 0,92 23,32

Dulch5

7.16,9

1.569,2

1.054,8

1.033,6

1.300 12,83 16,00

DulchctnhbngdoanhthuvsosnhviGDP

Tngtrngtrongxutkhu

ctnhbngsltkhchquctcphvsovitngskhchdulchnBSCL

5,48

114

Vntiquct6

3.001

3.638

4.029

6.287

4.622

5,50 11,40

Ngun:Tnghpt(2.2.2),Chng2
Trongbng3.5c8snphmthamgiaxutkhuv2ngnhdchvccungng
snphmchokhcquct.nguttrngxutkhutrongvnglgo,knltm
c,rauqu.ngutngtrngtrongxutkhucavnglcnglnh,thnl
maymc,thcngmngh,thcphmchbin...
3.2.2.2Ccchtiuphttrinkinhttngngcacnc
lm c s so snh, tnh ton cc ch tiu trong H thngtiuch nh lng,
Lunntnghp,tnhtoncccchtiukinhttngngcacncnhsau:
1)Chtiugitrsnxuttngngcacnc
Bng3.6Chtiukinhttngngcacncgiaion2006 2010
nvtnh: tng
Ngnh/
Snphm

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Sosnh(%)

RO V

TngGTSX 853.282,4 973.501,7 1.106.082,1 1.198.846,6 1.353.714,4

GRW
12,22

Ngnhnngnghip
GTSXNN

142.642,6 147.764,7

158.108,3

162.593,1

169.503,2

14,23

4,41

1.Lago

48.767.3

58.674,6

63.112,9

62.963,5

64758.6

5,44

7,35

2.Tricy

8.005,6

8.789,0

9.378,3

9.676,1

9.908,7

0,83

5,48

954,0

1.003,0

1.068,0

1.160,0

1.197,0

0,10

5,84

4.Giasc

20.164,8

20.920,5

21.866,5

23.912,2

23.917,1

2,02

4,35

5.Giacm

3.619,3

3.781,6

4.695,5

5.539,0

6.717,5

0,44

16,72

3.Da

Ngnhthysn
42.104,0

47.014,1

50.081,9

53.654,2

56.965,6 4,55

7,85

1.Cnui

11.667,5

15.236,5

18.080,0

19.053,1

19.972,6 1,53

14,39

2.Tmnui

14.298,8

15.291,8

15.073,3

16.285,6

17.478,9 1,43

5,14

3.Cnhbt

11.120,2

11.387,7

11.694,0

12.637,7

13.464,7 1,10

4,90

GTSXTS

Ngnhcngnghipchbin
GTSXCNCB 417.813.2 497.615.5
1.TPchbin

89.135.6 105.180.0

573.681.0
121.136.1

620.341.2
130.374.2

722.222.2

51,52 14,65

154.314.7 10,94 14,70

ctnhbngkhilnghnghavnchuynquctsovitngkhilngvnchuyncaBSCL

ctnhttlkhong70%caBSCLtheoccngunthngk

115

2.Maymc

18.004.5

22.775.7

27.205.7

29.145.6

32.768.4 2,37

16,15

10.134.2

10.934.8

12.257.1

13.681.3

15.684.3 1,14

11,54

3. Mngh ..

Ngnhdulchvdchvvnti
GTSXTMDV 176.298,4 204.671,5

244.752,9

274.372,3

311.135,2 22,08 15,26

1.Dulch

16.732,0

22.280,1

26.745,4

28.652,8

34.276,9

2,34

19,63

2.DV,vnti 21.087,8

24.714,7

27.697,9

31.001,2

34.470,7

2,53

13,08

Ngun:Tngccthngk
2)Chtiuxutkhucnc
Bng3.7Kimngchxutkhumtsmthngquantrngcnc2006 2010

Loisnphm

2006

2007

2008

2009

nvtnh:1000USD
Sosnh(%)
2010
R
G
EX

RW

16,03

KNXKcnc 39.826.200 48.561.400 62.685.100 57.096.300 72.191.900

1.238.553

1.347.531

2.581.519

2.428.958

2.901.669

3,74 23,72

Rauqu

259.100

305.600

406.500

438,900

450.500

0,66 14,83

SPtda

70.000

69.375

68.725

747.275

76.360

0,37

Cnglnh

1.083.400

1.379.100

1.968.700

1.766.900

1.996.700

2,92 13,00

Tmnglnh

1.262.800

1.387.600

1.315.600

1.293.300

1.301.000

2,34

ThcphmCB

151.200

194.100

258.600

276.200

326.100

5.854.800

7.732.000

9.120.500

an,ltmngh

214.100

246.700

199.600

22.100

203.100

0,31

1,27

Dulch

7.746,4

9.919,5

8.765,5

8.337,7

9.097,2

19,87

4,09

Go

Maymc

Vntiquct

25.042,1

2,20
0,60

0,43 21,18

9.065.600 11.209.700 15,33 17,63

29.516,7 33.849,0 40.863,8

Ngun:Tngccthngk

48.354,3

5,41 17,86

Thngquasliutrongccbng3.4,3.5,3.6v3.7chothy,nngnghipvthy
sn l 2 ngnh th mnh ca BSCL vi t trng ln lt l 21,75% v 13,89% ton
vng, trongkhiivicncconsnychl14,23%v4,55%.Ccsnphmdn
u khng nhng ton vng m cn dn u c nc l la go, tri cy, c nui, tm
nui...Ngcli,BSCLkmcncvcngnghipvthngmi,dchv.Nucng
nghip c nc chim n 51,52% v thng mi dch v chim 22,08% th i vi
BSCLcon stng ngl33,49% v 17,39%. Tng t, v xut khu BSCL cng

Snphmchbintg,tre,my,lt(thcngmngh)

116

chimuthtrongxutkhugo,thysn,hngthcngmnghnhnglikmvcc
loi hng ha cng nghip. Vn ny cng c ngha, vic xc nh v pht trin sn
phmchlcBSCLkhngthkhngtptrungvolnhvcnngnghip,thysn.
3.2.2.3TnghpnhgixtchnsnphmchlcBSCL2006 2010
A.Xttiuchnhlng
1)Mctccaccchtiunhlng
Tdliuccbng3.4,3.5,3.6v3.7,cthtnhcktqucacctiuch
nhlngnhtrongbngdiy.
Bng3.8TrscctiuchcasnphminhnhBSCLgiaion20062010
TC5 TC6 TC79

Snphm

TC1 TC2

TC3

TC4

Lago

11,34 2,08

5,18

1,07 21,81 5,83

TC8

TC9 TC10

6,75

0,99

6,1

0,31

Tricy

2,36

2,84

2,92

0,60 16,13 24,44 1,71

0,68

5,0

0,51

Da

0,27

2,70

5,84

1,20

1,12

3,03

1,49

0,99

5,0

0,47

Giasc

1,94

0,96

3,67

0,76

7,30

0,22

13,0

0,51

Giacm

0,86

1,95

25,87

5,55

7,30

0,22

13,0

0,51

Cnui

2,36

1,54

18,46

1,95 16,31 5,58

7,30

0,95

29,9

0,51

Tmnui

1,13

0,79

5,76

0,61 21,08 9,01

7,30

0,95

29,9

0,51

Cnhbt 3,02

2,74

13,34

1,41

7,30

0,95

29,9

0,51

TPchbin 19,74 1,80 19,30 0,88

4,19

9,74

1,00

0,66

2,1

0,78

Maymc

0,40

0,17 30,02 1,37

6,59

0,43

5,43

0,69

1,25

0,78

SPg,tre..

0,65

0,57 24,30 1,11

0,92

2,97 22,46

0,33

20,7

0,78

//

//

//

Dulch

1,08

10

0,46 23,09 1,44

12,83 0,65

//

//
DV,vnti 2,83 1,12 19,48 1,22 5,50 1,02
//
//
//
Ngun:Ktqutnhtontheocngthc(1)n(6)vtnghptnhiungun

TC1:Ttrngsnphmsovitonvng(chyutnhbngGTSX).Theonh
trn bng3.8, thcphm chbin chimt trng caonht (19,74%), k n l lago
(11,34%)vthpnhtldavsnphmtdachchim0,27%.
TC2:Hsaphngha.Theoktqutnhtonc,mctptrungcao
nhtltricy(2,84lnttrngcnc),klnhbtthysn(2,74),nda(2,7

Ttiuch7ntiuch10,ktqutrchtccbocovbivitngtitrnonline
Tngtrngbnhqunngnhthngmi,dchvvdulchl16%/nm(ccngunthngk)

10

117

ln),lago(2,08ln),giacm(1,95ln)mctptrungthphnc(tc<1)lchn
nuigiasc,tmnui,thcngmngh,dulchvmaymc.
TC3: Tc tng trnghngnm. Kt qu cho thy, tc tng trngbnh
qungiaion20062010caohnbnhquntonvng(12%)gm:chnnuigiacm,
nuic,nhbtthysn,thcphmchbin,maymc,thcngmngh,dulchv
vnti,trongmaymcctctngtrngcaonhtltrn30%.
TC4:Hstngtrngvttri.Nusovingnhmsnphmnggpthtr
tricy,giasc,tmnuivthcphmchbinth9snphmcnlictctng
nhanhhn(tc>1),cuth phttrintrongngnh.
TC5: T trngxut khu so vi ton vng (tnhbng kimngch, tr du lch tnh
bnglngkhchquctvvntitnhbngkhilnghnghavnchuynquct).
Ttrngkimngchxutkhucaonhtvnllago,tmnglnh,cnglnh,tri
cy.Ringgiasc,giacmvcnhbtcavngkhngcxutkhu(hockhngc
sliuvxutkhu).
TC6: H s li th so snh biu hin (trng thy) trong nc. Theo kt qu tnh
c,clithcaonhtsovicncltricy(24,44),knlthcphmchbin
vtmnui.Lithsosnhthphnsnphmcngloitrongcnclmaymcvdu
lch(<1).Chnnuigia,scgiacmvnhbtthysnkhngsosnhcvkhng
csliuxutkhu.
TC7:Hslithsosnhbiuhin(trngthy)quct(davoktqudocc
c quan chc nng v t chc nghin cu cng b trn cc bo online n nm 2007).
Nhn chung,huht sn phm xut khu ca Vit Nam (c BSCL)u c RCAW >1
(trthcphmchbinRCAW =1),tcnhngsnphmnyclithsosnhhnsovi
snphmxutkhucngloitrnthgii.Tronglithnitrinhtlsnphmth
cngmngh(g,my,tre,na...)viRCAW =22,46.
TC8:Hsthngmirng(davoktqudocccquanchcnngvtchc
nghincucngbtrnccboonlinennm2007).Theoktquccthhuht
snphmuclithcnhtranhvihngngoinhptrnthtrngtrongncvgi
trxutkhulunlnhngitrnhpkhu(NTR>0),tronglago,davthysn
clithcnhtranhgnnhtuytiviNTR=0,99(gnbng1).
TC9:Tlbohhiudng(davoktqudocccquanchcnngvtchc
nghin cu cng b trn ccboonlinennm2007). Trmay mc v sn phm th

118

cng m ngh khng c li th cnh tranh trn th trng trong nc nhng c li th

cnhtranhtrongxutkhuvEPR<0,cnliuclithcnhtranhvtlboh
khcao,trongnhmsnphmthysnctlbohcaonhtviEPRgn30%
TC10:Hschiphngunlctrongnc(davoktqudocccquanchc
nngvtchcnghincucngbtrnccboonlinennm2007).Nhnchung,hu
htsnphmnutrnutchiuquvtorac1nvgitrgiatng
(theogithgii)chphitnthn1nvgitr yutchiphngunlc(theogi
trongnc),hayDRC<1.Trong,lagovdalhiuqunhtvDRC<0,5,nhm
snphmngnhcngnghip,tiuthcngnghipthiuquhnvDRCgnbng1
2)imsnhlngdatrntrstc
ichiuvithangimtnhimchocctiuchnhlng,ktqucc
nhtrongbngdiy.
Bng3.9im scctiuchcasnphminhnhBSCLgiaion20062010
Snphm TC1 TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8

TC9 TC10

Lago

10

10

7,2

12

12

10

3,2

84,4

Tricy

10

2,4

12

12

1,6

10

3,2

65,2

Da

10

7,2

2,4

3,4

1,6

10

3,2

51,8

Giasc

4,8

3,2

42,0

Giacm

10

10

12

3,2

59,2

Cnui

10

10

12

12

12

10

6,4

92,4

Tmnui

2,4

12

12

10

6,4

70,8

Cnhbt

10

10

9,6

10

6,4

66,0

TPchbin

10

10

10

4,8

4,8

12

1,6

10

3,2

4,8

71,2

Maymc

10

9,6

7,2

2,4

10

1,6

4,8

60,4

SPg,tre..

10

7,2

2,4

4,8

1,6

4,8

50,8

Dulch

7,2

3,6

15

14,4

12

//

//

//

//

55,2

DV,vnti

//
7,2 10,8 15 10,8 9,6
3
//
//
//
Ngun:Ktqubng3.8vnidunghngdnmc3.1.1.2

56,4

Theoktqutnhctrongbng3.9chothy,trongs13snphmvnhmsn
phmtiubiucchnxemxtc1snphmkhngiukinimchunti
thiucatiuchnhlng,lgiasc(tru,b,heo,d).Snphmnycht42,0
im < 45 im, theo qui nh s khng c cng nhn l sn phm ch lc v cng

119

khngcxemxthtrphttrinthnhsnphmchlcmcdchaxemxtn
imnhtnh(vnuimnhtnhttia20imthtngimchungcngcht
62,0 im m thi, di im chun chung l 70). Cn li 12 sn phm c im nh
lngcaohn50imnnctiptcxemxttipimnhtnh.
B. Xttiuchnhtnh
Tronglunnny,csxemxt,nhgicctiuchnhtnhlccboco
nghincu,nhnnhcachuyngiavthngtintccngnhchcnngccng
bbngvnbnhocngtitrnccbointnnm2011.Ktquchothy,mc
tcvimscacctiuchcthhintrongccbngdiy.
1)Mctccaccchtiunhtnh
Bng3.10Mctcivitiuchnhtnh11
Snphm

TC1

TC2

TC3

TC4

TC5

Lago

Chulc

Tt

Trungbnh

Rtcao

Cao

Tricy

Chulc

Tt

Rng

Rtcao

Cao

Da

Khuvc

Tt

Rng

Rtcao

Cao

Giacm

Nia

Trungbnh

Trungbnh

Cao

Cao

Cnui

Chulc

Trungbnh

Trungbnh

Cao

Cao

Tmnui

Chulc

Trungbnh

Trungbnh

Cao

Cao

Cnhbt

Nia

Trungbnh

Trungbnh

Rtcao

Cao

TPchbin

Khuvc

Rttt

Rtrng

Cao

Cao

Maymc

Chulc

Tt

Trungbnh

Rtcao

Cao

Mngh

Khuvc

Rttt

Trungbnh

Rtcao

Cao

Dulch

Chulc

Rttt

Rng

Rtcao

Cao

DV,vnti

Khuvc

Rttt
Rtrng
Rtcao
Ngun:Tnghptccngun

Cao

Theoktqutrnhbytrnhbytrongbng3.9th:
TC1:Quimthtrnghnghahocphmvicungngdchv.Lago,tri
cy, thy sn may mc v du lch lnhng snphm cquim th trngtiuth sn
phmhoccungngdchvlnnht.Vngoithtrngnia,ccsnphmnycn
tiuthrngrithtrngncngoithngquaxutkhuhoccungcpdchvcho
khchhngqucttrnnhiuchulc.
11

Thamkhocctiliu,bivit2ngtrnbo int

120

TC2: C ngnh cng nghip,dch v b tr hoc khai thc li th c th ca

vng.Snphmchbin,thcngmngh,dulchvvnti(thy)lnhngsnphm
vacngnhsnxutvdchvbtrttvacngunnguynliuhoctinguyn,h
tngllithcthcaBSCLnntcpcaonhtknlnhmsnphmca
ngnhtrngtrtvmaymcchkhaithccngunlctich,ngnhcngnghipv
dchvbtrthiunntmccaothhaicnlitmctrungbnh.
TC3:Sclantanccngnh,snphmkhc.Thcphmchbinvvntic
nhhngnnhiungnhnghvsnphmkhcnhtnntmccaonhtknl
tricy,davdulchtmcthphn,saucngllago,nhmsnphmcangnh
thysn,maymcvthcngmngh.
TC4:Huhtsnphmtrn ykhisnxutumbosantonchongi
snxut,ngisdngvmitrngnnucmckhuynkhchcao,trongcc
nhmsnphmthucngnhtrngtrt,nhbtthysn,maymc,thcngmngh,du
lchvvntitmckhuynkhchcaonht.
TC5:uicaNhnc(aphng).Ccsnphmunmtrongdinui
caocaaphng.
2)imstccaccchtiunhtnh
Bng3.11imscctiuchnhtnh
Snphm

TC1

TC2

TC3

TC4

TC5

Cng

Lago

3,75

1,50

2,25

15,50

Tricy

3,73

2,25

2,25

16,25

Da

2,50

2,25

2,25

15,00

Giacm

1,25

1,50

3,75

2,25

10,75

Cnui

3,75

1,50

3,75

2,25

13,25

Tmnui

2,50

1,50

3,75

2,25

11,50

Cnhbt

1,25

1,50

2,25

12,00

TPchbin

2,50

3,75

2,25

16,00

Maymc

3,75

1,50

2,25

15,50

Mngh

2,50

1,50

2,25

15,25

Dulch

3,75

2,25

17,00

DV,vnti

2,50
5
4
3
2,25
16,75
Ngun:Ktqubng3.10vnidunghngdnmc3.1.1.2

121

C. Ktqutnghp
Tktqutnhtonc2bng3.9v3.10,cthtnghpxcnhktqu
chungcahainhmtiuch,nhtnhvnhlng,xcnhccloisnphmhoc
ngnhsnphmiukincngnhnlsnphmchlccaBSCLgiaion2006
2010.Trongbngtrnhbydiyschothynhngsnphmnochuncngnhn
snphmchlc,snphmnobloivsnphmnocnxemxthtrphttrin
thnhsnphmchlctrongtnglaidothiuimchuntithiu(70)nhngchan
mcloibhonton,tnglaicniuchnh,cithin phttrintthn.
Bng3.12Ktquimschung
imchungtc
Snphm/Nhm
snphm
nhlng nhtnh
Cng

Ktqu
Nhn

Loi

Lago

84,40

15,50

99,90

Tricy

65,20

16,25

81,45

Da,SPtda

51,80

15,00

66,80

Giacm

59,20

10,75

69,95

Cnui

92,40

13,25

105,65

Tmnui

70,80

11,50

82,30

Cnhbt

66,00

12,00

78,00

TPchbin

71,20

16,00

87,20

Maymc

60,40

15,50

75,90

Tre,maymngh

50,80

15,25

66,05

Dulch

55,20

17,00

72,20

DV,vnti

56,40
16,75
73,15
Ngun:Tnghptbng3.9v3.10

x
x
x

D.DanhmcsnphmchlcBSCLgiaion2006 2010
DanhmcsnphmchlcBSCLgiaion2006 2007ldanhmcccsn
phm/ngnhsnphmtcimstheoquinhxtcngnhnsnphmchlc
aratimc3.1.1.3.
Thc t, nhng sn phm/ngnh sn phm c xt chn trong Danh mc sn
phmchlcnycsnggpquantrngvothnhquphttrinkinhtxhi
chungcaBSCLthigianquamtptrungnhtlgiaion20062007. Nhngsn

122

phmnythhinnglithsosnh,nnglccnhtranhctlicngnhmangtnh
cthcavng.Cth,gmc9snphmca4ngnhsau:
Ngnhnngnghipc2snphm:lagovtricy
Ngnhthysnc3snphm:cnui,tmnuivcnhbt(khaithcbin)
Ngnhcngnghipc2snphm:thcphmch binv maymc
Ngnhdulch,dchvc2snphm:dulchvvnti(ngthy).
Thnhtchvslng,gitr,ttrngvtctngtrngtronggiaion2006
2010casnphmchlccthhintrongbng3.12diy.
Bng3.13DanhmcsnphmchlcBSCLgiaion20062010
STT Snphm/Nhmsn
phmchlc

im
nh
gi

Quimsnxutvcung
ngnm2010

Bnhqun
giaion(%)

Snlng
Gitr
T
(tn)
(Triung) trng

Tng
trng

Ngnhnngnghip
1

Lago

99,90

21.576.900

35.309.000

11,34

5,18

Tricy

81,45

2.357.200

6.939.600

2,36

2,92

Ngnhthysn
1

Cnui

104,90

1.465.400

8.222.900

2,36

18,46

Tmnui

82,05

318.600

3.782.700

1,13

5,76

Cnhbt

78,00

615.600

10.207.100

3,02

13,34

Ngnhcngnghipvtiuthcngnghip
1

Chbinthcphm

87,45

//

70.144.300

19,74

19,30

Maymc

75,15

//

1.635.700

0,40

30,02

Ngnhdulchvdchv
1

Dulch

3.957.300

1,08

23,09

Vntihngha
72,40
//
23.426.400
Ngun:Tbng3.12vccbngmc2.2

2,83

19,48

72,95

//

TrongsccsnphmchlcBSCLgiaion20062010cxcnh,thc
phmchbincmcnggplnnhtvittrng19,74%GTSXtonvngvmc
tngtrngbnhqungiaionl19,30%/nmsnphmcmcnggpquantrng
th 2 la go vi t trng chim 11,34% GTSX ton vng, tuy nhin mc tng trng
tngtichm(5,18%)thphnmctngtrngchungtonvnggn7%.Maymcl

123

snphmcttrngthpnht,cht0,4%nhngtctngtrngtmccaonht,
ngutonvngvihn30%/nm.

3.3PhttrinsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020
3.3.1. XydngdanhmcsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020
3.3.1.1CsxydngdanhmcsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020
DanhmcsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020ldanhschccloisnphm
hocnhm/ngnhsnphmgivaitrchlctrongchinlcutvphttrinkinh
t x hi BSCL hoc c th u t h tr pht trin thnh sn phm ch lc ca
BSCLnnm2020.Vvy,xydngdanhmcny,tcgidatrncccssau:
1)KtquxcnhsnphmchlcBSCLgiaion20062010trncsp
dngHthngtiuchnhgimc3.1.2Chngny.Theo,sc9snphmhoc
ngnhsnphmccoilsnphmchlcchotnaynnm2020.Cth:
Ngnhnngnghipc2:lagovtricy(cchtlngvgitrkinhtcao)
Ngnhthysnc3:Cnui,tmnuivcnhbt(khaithcbin)
Ngnhcngnghipvtiuthcngnghipc2:chbinthcphm,maymc
(xutkhu)v g,tre,mayanltmngh
Ngnh du lch v dch v vn ti c 2: du lch (ch yu l du lch gn vi ti
nguyn,mitrng)vvnti(chyulvntihnghatheongthy)
2)Timnng,lithmangtnhcthcavngnhngchackhaithctt.
Trong, cba li th ctnh c trngnht ca BSCLl: (1)ngcmnhmong,
sng rch chn cht, rung la cbay thngcnhnhitbnhqun l27oC,m
binngt7085%,rtthchhpphttrinchnnuigiacmvphttrincyda
(2)vncytrixumxubnmatruqu,lngunnguynliudidophttrin
ngnh cng nghip ch bin sn phm t tri cy nh hp, nc p tri cy... (3)
BSCLc3phalbin,ovitrn700kmbbinvivngcquynkinhtrng
lncththngthngnnhiunctrongkhuvcvthgiicngvihthngsng
MekongiquaccncTrungQuc,Lo,ThiLan,Campuchia,vrabinquaBSCL,
rtthunlichophttrinngnhvntihnghinivingthylinvnquctv
dulch.Tnhnglithnhvy,BSCLcthphttrinthmccngnhchlc nh:
Ngnh nng nghip c: da v sn phm t da (hin t 66,8 im, trong
imnhlngt51,8>45im),chnnuigiacm(hint69,2im)
Ngnhcngnghipchbinc:tricynghp,ncptricy

124

Ngnhdulchc:dulchkhmphbino
Ngnhvntic:vntibinquct,vntithylinvnquct
3)Nhucubtrhoctoiukintiuhachiphsnxutvphnphisn
phmnhmnngcaohiuqukinhdoanhchoccngnh/snphmchlc.Theo,cc
ngnh/snphmsauycnchtrngutphttrinmnhtrongthigiantil:
Ngnhsnxutgingchtlngcaoc:gingcytrng,gingthysn
Ngnhhachtc:phnbn,thucthy,bovthcvt
Ngnh logistics c: kho bi tn tr, bo qun x l sau thu hoch, cung ng
nguynliu,vtthngha,hpnggiaonhnvnchuyn,thtchiquan...
3.3.1.2 BngdanhmcsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020
Tvicphntchvdatrn3cstrny,tcgixutDanhmcccsn
phm ch lcBSCL n nm 2020, cphn theo ngnh kinh t v c dbopht
trincho2giaion,giaion2010 2015vgiaion2015n2020nhsau.
Bng3.14DanhmcsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020
Dbotheo12 Sn=S2010(1+GR W)n
Nm2010
S
Ngnh/Snphm
2010 2015
2015 2020
SL
GT
TT
chlc
(1000tn) (Tng)
SL
GT
SL
GT
Ngnhnngnghip
35.309,0 22,785,2

Lago

21.576,9

46.607,9 24.061,2

61.522,4

Tricy

2.357,2

6.939,6

2.477,4

8.049,9

2.603,8

9.337,9

Da,SPtda

953,7

838,3

1.312,3

1.113,3

1.805,7

1.478,4

Giacm

94,0

3.486,5

178,6

10.459,5

339,3

3.137,8

18.912,7 10.682,8

43.499,1

Ngnhthysn
1.465,4

8.222,9

3.956,6

Tmnui

318,6

3.782,7

399,5

5.004,5

501,0

6.620,9

Cnhbt

615,6

10.207,1

726,4

18.372,8

857,1

33.071,0

Cnui

2
3

Ngnhcngnghip
1

Th.phmchbin

Tricychbin

Maymc

12

//

70.144,3

//

168.273,6

//

387.029,3

Giiquyt30%snlngtricyhngnm(khong1triutn)
//

1.635,7

//

6.052,1

//

22.392,7

Snlsdbocanmn(2015hoc2020)S2010 lshintinm2010vGRW ltc tngtrngbnhqun

giaion20062010

125

SPg,tre,my...

//

2.588,9

//

7.507,8

//

21.772,6

//

11.080,4

//

31.025,2

94.985

//

146.277

//

Ngnhdchvvdulch
1

Dulch

Vntithy

//

3.957,3

61.734

//

Ccngnhsnxutvdchvphtr
1

Snxutgingnuitrng

mbopngtrn80% nhucutrongvng

Thcnchnnui,thysn

mbopngtrn60%nhucutrongvng

Phnbn,thucthy,BVTV mbopngtrn60%nhucutrongvng

Dchvlogistics

mbopngtrn50%nhucutrongvng
Ngun:Tcgitnghpvxut
TheoDanhmcsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020th,ngoi9snphm

xcnhchogiaion20062010tiptccxcnhchon2020(nhngsnphm
nyvnsthhinttvaitrchlcnucut,duytrtt),cnxutthm8sn
phm/ngnhsnphmkhc.Cth:
1) Da v snphm tda. im chun giai on2006 2010 cada cht
66,80im(nhlng51,80vnhtnh15,00).Daccchslithvcnhtranh
kh caonh h sa phngha (LQir),h s tng trng vt tri(CG rw),li th so
snhtrngthynia(RACD )vquct(RCAW)ulnhn1rtnhiu,nucqui
hochpht trinphhp vu tngmc thy l sn phm cnmang tnh chin
lccavng.
2)Giacm.Cnggingnhda,giacm(nhtlthycm)lloisnphmrt
ph hp pht trin vng ng bng vi nhiu ng la, knh rch. Tuy nhin, im
chun giaion 2006 2010 cht69,95im(thiu0,05im),trongimnh
lngkhcao(59,20),imnhtnhlirtthp(10,75).Do,phttrinsnphm
giacmtrongtnglaicntngcnghtrvcch,chnhschkhuynkhchsnxut
vchbinxutkhu(chnhphmhocphphm).
3)Snphmchbintg,tre,my,anltmngh.imscasnphmny
tronggiaion2006 2010cngtc66,05im,trongnhlng50,80im
v nh tnh 15,25 im. BSCL t lu c nhiu lng ngh th cng m ngh m
ngunnguynliuckhaithctichnhg,tre,lt,xdavgnyllcbnh,
toranhiusnphmtinht,cgitrkinhtcaoxutkhu.Tuynhin,pht

126

trinloisnphmnyngtmcamthcncsquantmutmtcchngb
hn,bibnhntphaNhncvxhi.
4)Chbintricy.BSCLcngunnguynliutricyrtdidonhnghin
chsdngdngtrititiuthtrongncvmttchoxutkhu,gyratnh
trnglngph,kmhiuquvhnchphttrinnghlmvn.cithintnhtrng
ny,thitnghcntptrunghtrvnhiumtngnhsnphmnyphttrintt,qua
kotheosphttrincanghtrngcyntriBSCL,niccoilquhng
cacylnh,tringt.
5)Gingnuitrng.ylngnhsnxutquantrng,cnghaquytnhn
s thnh cng ca chin lc pht trin sn phm ch lc trong lnh vc nng nghip,
thysn.Tuynhin,thigianquangnhsnxutnychacchtrngngmc.
6)Thcnchnnui,thysn.Cngnhsnxutging,thcnchnnuicht
lng,ysgpphnchoccsnphmnngnghip,thysnphttrin.Nuthiu,
vicphttrinsnphmchlctronglnhvcnngnghip,thysnsthtbi.
7)Phnbn,thucthyv bovthcvt.Cngnhsnxutging,thcnchn
nui,phnbn,thucth yvthucbovthcvtliukinhtrtchcccho
snphmchlcngnhnngnghip,thysnphttrintt.
8)Dchvlogistics.Thtthotsauthuhochthiucngnghboqun,tntr
vnchuyn,giaonhnchmtr...gynntnhtrngkmhiuqutrongsnxut,c
bitlsnxutnngnghipBSCL.Dovy,rtcntchcmththngcungcpcc
dchvlogisticsmtcchngb,mangtnhchuynnghiptoiukintthncho
phttrintiuccsnphmchlcniring,cchotngsnxutkinhdoanhca
BSCLnichung.
3.3.1.3.TnhuvittrongxcnhsnphmchlccaLunn
Vic xc nh hng ha, dch v ch lc cp vng trong c nc ni chung,
BSCLniring,trcnaychactinl,mchcmtviaphngciukin
thchinmangtnhringl,ccb,vvyktquxcnhckhngmangtnhi
dinchungchotonvng nnkhngcchpnhnmtcchrngri.ViLunnny,
tcgitmracnhngsnphmchlcBSCLvinhiuimuvithnsovi
lmtrcy.PhngphpthchinvktquthuctrongLunnnymbo
ccc yucunh:yhn,ctnhbao quthn,thctinhn,ivobncht
hnvtrngtmhn.Bng3.15schratnhuvitca ny nhsau:

127

.Bng3.15.Sosnhtnhuvitcahngha,dchvchlctrongLunn
Tiuchsosnhtnhuvic
cahngha,dchvchlc
Tnhidin

Phngphp
catcgi
ChoBSCL

Phngphp
xcnhkhc
Chotnh,thnh

Hnhthnh
tnhin
Choaim

Tnhthngmiha

cao

Khngr

Khngc

Tnhcnhtranhquct

Rtr

Khngr

Khngc

Tnhnnhtheothigian

Cao

Tngi

Thp

Tnhkhoahc

Cao

Thp

Khngc

Tngi

Cao

Rtcao

Tnhcthaphng
Tnhlanta

Rtcao
Thp
Ngun:Tcgitnghpxut

Khngc

3.3.2Giiphpphttrinsnphm chlcBSCLn2020
Vicxcnh snphm chlc BSCLlmtmtviclmkh.Tuynhin,
mbocho snphm chlctntivphttrinmtcchbnvnglviclmkh
hngpnhiuln.Chnhvvy,vicnghincuvxutccgiiphphiuqu,kh
thilviclmkhngththiutrongLunnny. Vndngcsllun vphttrin
cmngnhsnphmcncvoquanimvtnhhnhthctphttrinsnphmch
lcBSCLthigianqua,tcgixinxut7nhmgiiphpnhmphttrinsnphm
chlcBSCLnnm2020nhsau:
3.3.2.1Nhmgiiphpvquihoch
Nhmkhcphctnhtrngsnxutmanhmn,phntnkhngtorackhi
lnghnghaln,dnnsccanhtranhsuygim,ngthigiphnhthnhnhng
khulinktsnxutquimln,mangtnhtptrungchuynmnhacao vivicng
dngrngriccthnhtumicakhoahc cngnghnngcaonngsutlaong
vhiuqukinhdoanh,BSCLcn honthinquihoch cccm phttrinmangtnh
chuynmnhaccsnphmchlc.Theotcgi,cth hnhthnh5cmnhsau:
1)Cmphttrin kinhtbin
Khu vc nygm c cc tnh c bin nh Tin Giang, Bn Tre, Tr Vinh, Sc
Trng,BcLiu,CMau,vKinGiang.Chuynthchincchotngkhaithc,nh
bt,nuitrngvcchothotngmangtnhkinhtkhctngunlicabinthng
qua2hnhthccbnnh:

128

Hotngtrnbin:vnglnhhicaVitNamlnhngp3lntlinvc
timnngkinhtln.Vvy,cntptrungutmnhchokhaithc,nhbthisn
tmxavnchuynhnghidulchbino khaithcdukh...
Hotngvenbin:Vichiudihn700kmbbin,ngunlivngncll
rtln,cnthcyccchngtrnhnuitm,cnclngtheoquitrnhkthut,
chiuqusnxutludivmbomitrnglnhmnhphttrinnhanhhncm
cngnghipkhinmCMaulinhpvithha,dulchvutphttrin
cngbin,cngcontainer...
2)Cmkinhtcakhuvbingii
BaogmcctnhKinGiang,AnGiang,ngThp,LongAncchungbingii
diviCampuchia.CmnyccccakhuchnhnhCakhuquctHTin(Kin
Giang)CakhuVnhXng,KhnhBnhvTnhBin(AnGiang)Cakhuquct
BnhHipPryVo(LongAn)CakhuDinhBvThngPhc(ngThp).yl
cm ch yu pht trin kinh tbinmu vicc Khuvc thngmiphi thuquan v
cng nghip ch bin xut khu. Bn cnh hotng mu dch, cc ca khu bin gii
cngthunlichophttrindulchcngthyvngb.
3)Cmphttrin kinhtbntrong
GmccctiuvngnhTGicLongXuyn(cchuynbntrongniaca
Kin Giang, An Giang, ng Thp Mi, vng U Minh, vng gia sng Tin v sng
HuvccvngtniacnlicaBSCL.Tptrungutinphtccngnhnng
nghiptrngim(lago,rauhoaqu,thysnvchnnui),cbitvkhunghin
cu to gingnng sut, cht lngcao,phngngadch bnh,ng thi kthp pht
trindulchsinhthi,cckhucngnghbinch,boqunnngsnsauthuhoch.
4)Cmphttrin kinhtvn
Gm c cc tnh c li th v din tch, t ai th nhng thch hp nh Tin
Giang,BnTre,VnhLong,TrVinh,ngThp,HuGiang,KinGiang.Cmnycn
tngcngutphttrinvncyntritheochngloiviquimln,png
cnhucutiudngphthngtrongncvchbinxutkhu.Hnhthnhquytrnh
chuyn nghip t nghin cu chn ging, nhn ging n vic ng dng cc bin php
canhtcttvantonxydngmilinktchtchgia viccitctrongchui
cungngtsnxut,thuhoch,tiuthvphnhitthtrng.
5)Cmphttrincycngnghip

129

GmBnTre,TinGiang,HuGiang,TrVinh,VnhLong,LongAn.Cmny
clithvphttrinmtsloicycngnghiplunm,cbitltrngdavch
binsnphmtda.Dovy,cmcntptrungutphttrinhnnaccvnda
tiu th thng thng trongnc v cungcpnguyn liu cho cngnghip chbin
snphmtdachoxutkhu.
6)Cmphttrincngnghipvdchv btr
GmccaphngclithvmtbngvhtnggiaothngnhScTrng,
TpCnTh,VnhLong,Tingiang,LongAn.Cmnyclithnmtrntrcqucl
1Avnmbnccnhnhsngln,ckhnngphttrincccngbin,cngncsu
vthuntinchovntingbcngnhxydngcckhucngnghiptptrungvi
quimln.Docntptrungphttrincngnghipangnhvhotngcungcp
ccdchv nh:sachackh,dchvtichnh,oto,yt,nhhngkhchsn
3.3.2.2.Nhmgiiphpvlinkt
Linktlmhnhphttrinkinhthiuqunhttrongthiingynay,lyu
cumangtnhsngcncacctchckinhttrcbicnhcnhtranhngycnggay
gt,quytlit.BSCLlvngcnhiutimnngphttrinnhngdotpqunsnxut
mangtnhtruynthnggianh,aphngviquimphntn,nhl.Cnhtranhni
bngycngtnglmchonnglccnhtranhingoivquctgim.khcphc
tritvnny,BSCLcnthchinngbcc mhnhlinktsau:
1)Linktvnghnghachuyncanh
Linktvng hnghachuyncanhlmhnhlinkt nhmmrngquimtheo
hngni kt khng gian sn xut v tng cnghp tc theohng chuyn mnha,
nhtthha,mbothchindnchung,tkhcphctnhtrngctc,manh
mnvtndnglithgingnhaucaccaphng.Cthni,thcchtyldng
lin kt theo chiungang,nhm tng cng scmnh trong cnh tranh v s lng vi
bn ngoi v gim thiu cnh tranh ni b.ng thi tp trung u t v t ai, vn,
cngnghmtcchngbvtiuthhnghahiuqu,bnvng.linktvng
hnghachuyncanhBSCLthiuqu,ihicsngthunvnhtqunt
Trungngnaphng,tcquanqunlnhncnnhngngisnxut,c
bitlvicquyhochkhnggianlinktny phibompngccyunh:
1) Lin ktphida trn li th,timnngv iu kin tnhin ging nhau, v
mctiuphttrinsnphmchkhngdavoranhgiihnhchnh.Trongmilinkt

130

cncmttrungtmgivaitrnhctrngtrnhscnhtranh,phronhhng
nquihochvnhhngphttrinchungcavng
2) Cn c s iu chnh c cuphttrin kinh t ph hp cho tng aphng,
nhngaphngnmtronglinktcmcthcccuphttrinkinhtgingnhau,
toracsnphmgingnhau.ngthi, cnxydnghthngqunlhiuqulin
kt vnghngha chuyn canhvi3 tr ct quan trng l: chnh sch pht trin chung
cholinkt, ngunlctichnhvcchqunlphihp.
3) Lin kt vng phi mbo phhp cho pht trin "tam nng"(nng nghip
nngdn,nngthn) mtcchbnvng.Tcl:
+ V nng nghip: phi to ra nn sn xut nng nghip hng ha ln, c nng
sut,chtlng,hiuquvsccnhtranhcaongdngcngnghtintin,ngthi
ctnhtinhngyutbovmitrngvccnguntinguynthinnhin,mbo
shihavktcuhtngkinhtxhinngthn.
+Vnngdn:phiphthuyvaitrchthcanngdn,toiukinnng
dnthamgianggpvhnglinhiuhnkhngngngnngcaochtlngcuc
sngcadncnngthn,ngthithchinchiuqubnvngcngcucxai,
gimngho,lmgiuhpphpchonngdn.
+ Vnngthn:linktvngphimbosphhpvicimtngvng
theoccbcicth,gignvphthuynhngtruynthngvnhottpcanng
thnBSCL,xy dngktcuhtngnngthntomitrngthunlithuhtu
tvonngnghipvnngthn,nhtlthuhtutvoxydngnngthnmitheo
hngvnminh,giup,nngcaoisngvtchtvtinhthncanngdn.
2)Linktchuisnxut
yldnglinkttheochiudcgmtkhusnxut chbin phnphi
snphm.Trongnngnghipcthbtutkhusnxutgng nnuitrngn
chbincuicngltiuth(niahayxutkhu).
Quitrnhvnngcasnphmnngnghipthngphitriquartnhiukhu,
nhiumtxch.Trongmtchuicckhu,ccmtxch,khuno,mtxchnocng
quantrngvutcngxunngisnxut(nngdn),tcbtkmtmcxch
nocvnthcchuitlitvngignhchunngnhtlnngdn.
Nhvy,hnghanngsncthphttrinnnhvbnvng,ngoivic
quihochvtoracchlinktvng,cnquantmtoracchlinkttheochuisn

131

xutcatngngnhhng.Trong,cnlykhusnxutrasnphmnngnghiplm
trungtmvlylichcanngdnlmchuncnnhc.
3)Linkt4nh
Quyt nh 80/2002/QTTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ngy 24/6/2002, v vic
khuynkhchlinkt4nh:Nhnng,Nhdoanhnghip,NhkhoahcvNhqun
l (Nhnc) trong victiu thnng sn thngqua hpng.y lmt chtrng
ngnvntoramiquanhtngtrnhaugia4nhvvvytorascmnh
tnghpchngliithcnhtranhbnngoivlnntngchophttrinnnh.
Vdnhdoanhnghiputvttbanuchonhsnxut(nngdn).Gipbao
tiusnphmvtiuthuraviginnhchongisnxutantmvclinhun
m boi sng v pht trin kinh t. ng thi,nginng dnda vo vn, chnh
sch,phplutcaNhnc(nhqunl)snxutnghngvchiuqu.V
phaNhqunlcungcpvnthngquangnhng,cungcpthngtin,thtrngcho
nngdnvcthngratchcviclinktsnxutvkinhdoanhinghng,c
hiuqu.Nhkhoahctoraging,quytrnhkthutvoto,hngdnkthutsn
xutchonginngdn.Nhkhoahclmcutintrongchuimcxchlinkt
viccnhkhc.Chnghn,tccnhkhoahc,ging/quytrnhkthutcemn
chonginngdnsnxutvnhsnxutlmcktipvinhdoanhnghip
tiuthsnphm.
Tuynhin,lunaylinkt4nhhunhmichlkhuhiuchungchungm
chacgcth,minhuhnhngringrbovlichccbcuicngvn
lnhnnglngihngchutonbthithi.Vvy,phttrinhiuqusnphm
chlcBSCL(khuvccthmnhvnngnghip),rtcn slinkt4nhmt
cchthccht.Trong,cntptrungxydngvkintonmtsmhnhcmpht
trinvinngnghipcngnghipdchvtrongtngvngsnxutnngsntptrung,
tronglydoanhnghipchbinlmnngct,utuhngdn,gipccnng
h,tchckinhttpthvccthnhphnkinhtkhcsnxuthnghonngsnp
ngnhucucathtrngtrongncvxutkhu.Bncnh,Nhnc cn to ra
hnhlangphpl,cungngtndng,xydngccqubohimriro,quhtrxut
khuxydngktcuhtng,xydnghthngthngtin,dbothtrngphttrin
snghipkhoahckthut,vnho,giodc,yt.ngthi,banhnhccchnhsch
khuynkhchvicgnktgiasnxutnguynliuvnhmychbin.Xydngcc

132

chtihiulc,hiuqutrongthchinhpnglinktgianhmyvnngh.
Nicchkhc,Nhnc cn givaitrnhctrngtronglinktvivictora c
chrrng nhmphnnhvaitr,trchnhimvquynlicaminh.Trong,phi
quantmnquynlicanhnng,vylngicthlmthayiminhhng
nulichcahbmti.ngthi,cngcnccchtrchnhimiviccngn
hngtrongvichtrvnchonhnng,doanhnghipvnhxutkhu.
3.3.2.3Nhmgiiphpvkhoahcvcngngh
Hinnay,vicutnghincuphttrinvngdngkhoahc,cngnghcao
vosnxut,nhtlsnxutnngnghipcnrthnch.Theobococangnhkhoa
hccngngh,kinhphutchokhoahcvcngnghchyuvnlnguntngn
schnhnc(chim60%tngutcaxhichokhoahcvcngngh),trong
khong57%dnhchohotngsnghipkhoahcvcngnghv43%dnhchou
tphttrinkhoahcvcngngh,trongcctnh,thnhphtcni20%n
24%.Kinhphtngunvntccadoanhnghiput chokhoahcvcngngh
cn rt thp. T l chi chonghin cupht trin ca cc tng cng ty Vit Nam dao
ngtrongkhongt0,05n0,1%trntngdoanhthu(ccncl56%).Tthct
nhvy,snxutnngnghipnichung,snxutsnphmchlcBSCLniring,
vntheokinhnghimtruynthng,cngnghlc hulmchochtlngcanhiu
nngsnBSCLthiusccnhtranhquct.khcphctnhtrngny,BSCLcn
mnhdnutimicngnghvpdngquitrnhsnxuttintinmtcchng
bticckhuging,nuitrngvchbin. Cth:
Phttrincngnghsinhhcphcvvicchntovnhngingcytrngvt
nui,gingthusncnngsutvchtlngcao,
Snxutccchphmsinhhcphcvchonuitrng,xlmitrng,chn
onbnhcytrng,vtnui,vaccinexinphngbnhgiasc,giacm,thusn
Phttrincccngnghthuhochvsauthuhoch,cngnghboqunvch
bingimthtthot,nngcaochtlngvgitrgiatngchonng,thysn.
pdngrngriGlobalGaptrongsnxutnngnghipnhmkimsotanton
thc phm xuyn sut t khu ging, ngnuin khu thu hoch, ch bin, tn tr,
nhmmbochosnphmtchtlngtt,phhpvitiuchun quct.
Tuy nhin, lm c nhng vic , cn c s phi hp thc hin ca nhiu
phavhuyngvnutnhiungun.Trong,doanhnghipphigithchng

133

vtngcnghnnachophttrincngnghcachnhmnhNhncgivaitrh
trthngquaccchnhschthuhtutvcchphihptrongnghincukhoahc.
3.3.2.4Nhmgiiphpvut
MttrongccnguynnhndnnsnphmchlcBSCLkhphttrinthi
gianqualvnquihochvthuhtut,nhtlutncngoikmhiuqu.
ut theo kiu tpht, chy theophong trohoc con khcthm chobdnn
tnhtrngutthiungb,thiutptrungvcbitlthiunhhngchinlc.
Phbinhinnay BSCL l cqunhiukhucngnghip tp trungnhng li thiu
doanhnghipngkut.Trongkhi,nhiudnutvocshtngvsn
xutnngnghiplikhngcquantmhtrvphachnhschcngnhthiumn
micanhut.Tngt,trngnibngnhnngnghipcngangauuvtnh
trngthiucy,conging,thiuphngtin,thiuvnlung
Tnhngthcttrn,vnquantrngcaBSCLlthayitduyvchnh
schut.Chuyntuttheoonsanguttheochuisnxut.Vitduy
u t ny, trc tin cn xc nh sn phm phi tri qua nhng cng onno trong
chui sn xut, t khuu tinn khucui cng. Chnghn,nu chn c tra l sn
phmchlcvquihochphttrincho10nmtithngaybygicntptrungut
ngbcckhu:
Sn xut conging: Cngngh lai tov chn ginghini pdngcc b
chunqunlchtlngquct
Khunuitrng:Chuynmnhatrongsnxut,tptrungquimln,pdng
quitrnhnuivvkimsotchtlngtheoGlobalGap
Khuchbin:Mymcthitb,cngnghchbinrasnphmcuicngp
dngccbinphpqunlsnxutGMP,hthngkhotng,quitrnhboqunkim
sotantonthcphm
Khutiuth:Xydngvqunlttthnghiuthitlpccknhphnphi
nhmasnphmntayngitiudng
3.3.2.5Nhmgiiphpvthtrng
Vixuthhinhpngycngsu,rng,snphmchlcBSCLsphiimt
viscnhtranhquytlitviccsnphmcngloicaccncthnhvinWTOtrn
ccthtrngctrongvngoinc.Vvy,cncbitchtrngthchintchccv
hiuquccgiiphpvthtrng nh:Tngcngutchocngtciutra,nghin

134

cu,dbothtrng tchcthngninhichtrinlmtrongncvncngoi
ccdoanhnghipthamgiagiithiu,qungbccsnphmchlccaaphngcc
doanhnghipcngcnphihpchtchvinhautrongvicxydngchinlctipth,
qunbsnphmnhm hnchchiphphtsinhvch.Mtvn khccngkhng
kmphnquantrngtrongcnhtranhlxydngvphttrinthnghiuchoccsn
phm v ch lc,y l khu c th coiltph trongnhmgiiphp v th trng.
Songsongtheo,cnmnhdntphvonhngthtrnglnvminhngctim
nngnhM,EU,ChuPhi,NhtBn,cbit,cchiphidoanhnghipcngnh
cquanchnh phcnhotngtchccvchuynnghip,phihphtrnhauhiu
qunhmbomuravngchcchohnghachlccavng.
3.3.2.6Nhmgiiphpvhtnggiaothng
Ngoi vic tip tc u t nng cp h thng giao thng ng b v pht trin
ngkhngnhhinnay,ccaphngBSCLcnnghincuquihochphttrin
mnhhnnahthnggiaothngngthy(cthyniavngbin).Trong,
vicquihochphttrincnbomcccyucucbnsau:
Cn u t cho hin i ha cc phng tin vn ti hng ha cng nh hnh
khch,mbovnchuynnhiuhn,nhanhhnvantonhn.
Bomkthpcccphngtinvhnhthcvnchuyntrongvnti
thy gi th ch lc, giiquyt tt cc vn t vic giao nhn hng ha nng sn t
trongvngsu,xahimtrnvicchuynchccloihnghasiutrng,siutrng
mccloiphngtingiaothngkhckhngthchinc
Ktnittcctuynngnithyvingbin.Cntoramngligiao
thngthyvislinktgiavntinivng,trongncvivntiquct.Munvy
phiphttrinngbcccngnithy,cngncsu,vnhnhttkhubcd,giao
nhn,lukho,trungchuyn
utchovntithyBSCLkhngkhkhnvkthutcngngh,khng
ihinhiuvnnhvntingkhnghayngbvllithcthcavng,
nntcdngvhiuqurtcao.Tuynhin,khaithcttlithcmtkhnghainy,
cccp,ccngnh,cbitlngnhgiaothngvnticnctmnhnchinlc,nhn
thcngnhncchtrngvtchcquihochuttthncholnhvcny.
3.3.2.7Nhmgiiphpvngunnhnlc

135

Hinnay,phnlnlaongBSCLchacotochuynmnkthutmt
cchcnbnvasxutthntnngthn,hotngsnxutkinhdoanhchyubng
khnngvkinhnghimmangtnhtruynthng,chonnvicpdngtinbcakhoa
hccngnghmigpnhiukhkhn.Bncnh,ingcnbqunlcngthiu
otomtcchbibn,dnnqunliuhnhmangtnhtpht,cmtnhvc
bitlthiutmnhn.Hqul,vicquihochsnxutkhngmangtnhchinlc,lu
di, thng chy theo phong tro hoc mphng, sao chp ln nhau nn pht trin sn
phmchlcthiunnh.Vvy,cncquyhoch,phnlungotochuynmnv
dy ngh,cbitchtrngphttrinngunnhnlcctrnhtaynghcao,phhp,
cnbqunlcnnglccungcpchoccdoanhnghip,nhsnxuthaykhucng
nghipsnxutsnphmchlcchotonvng.
3.3.3MtskinnghhtrphttrinsnphmchlcBSCLn2020
snphmchlccthphttrinbnvng,BSCLcncsngthunv
phihpchtch,ngbcacccp,ccngnhtTrungngnaphng,tcc
nh qun l n doanh nghip.....Do vy, ngoi cc gii php nu trn, Lun n cn
xutmtskinngh ivicccp,ccngnhnhsau:
3.3.3.1iviNhnc
Nhncnichung,chnhquynccaphngtrongvngniringcntchcc
htrchoccdoanhnghipsnxutvcungngsnphmchlcccdoanhnghip
nycth pngccctiuchtheoquy nh.Cth:
Cntoiukinthunlichoccdoanhnghipsnxutvcungngsnphm
chlctipcnthtrngtrongvngoincthngquaymnhcchotnghptc
kinhtquctcaaphngcchnhschkhuynkhchccdoanhnghipngdng
cng ngh thng tin vo hot ng tip cn th trng nh s dng Internet, xy dng
Websitering,thngmiint,cngnhtoiukinchoccdoanhnghipnghin
cuv mrngthtrngxutkhu.
Cchnhschkhuynkhchvtoiukinccdoanhnghipnghincuci
tinvtipnhnchuyngiaocngnghminh:Tngcngngunvnutchocng
tc nghin cu khoahc cngngh gn vihiuqu ca vicngdng khoahc cng
nghmiToiukinchoccdoanhnghipnghincuphttrinvbovquyns
hutrtucaccdoanhnghiptrnthtrngtrongncvncngoi.

136

Cntoramitrngut,kinhdoanhthunlichoccdoanhnghiptrin
khaidnut,imicngngh,linktsnxutgiaccdoanhnghipvinhau
toiukinvtai,mtbng,aimsnxutkinhdoanhnhmgimchiphu
vo,gip nngcaonnglccnhtranhchoccdoanhnghip.Cchnhschuitn
dng,pngnhucuvayvntrung,dihnchoccdnutchiususnxut
snphmchlc nhiukinvayhoc htrlisutvay...
Cncchnhschhtrccchngtrnhotoingcnbqunl,cnb
chuynmnvcngnhnkthutlnhnghthngquacchlinktvicctrngi
hc, cc trung tmo to trong vngoinc m cc lpo tocnb kthut,
cngnhnlnhngh,otonhngngnhnghmichoccdoanhnghip, mbocung
cpngunnhnlcphhpvinhucuvccungnhngh,ccutrnh p
ngchoccdoanhnghipsnxutsnphmchlc.
Cpnhtthngtin,hngdn,phbinlutphpvccvnbnquyphmphp
lutcaNhnc nccnhut,nhtlccvnlinquannchngbnphgi,
cnhtranh,bovquynshutrtuymnhutchiusucchthngthngtin
caaphng v vng,nng cao cht lng thng tin trn cc trang Webca mia
phng nhmpngkpthi,ynhucuthngtinchoccdoanhnghip.
3.3.3.2iviccHiphingnhngh
Cnnngcaohiuquhotngcacchiphingnhngh, nhtlHiphich
binvxutkhuthysnVitNam,HiphilngthcVitNam,Hiphiccdoanh
nghipvavnhVitNam.,trongvictmkimthtrng,iuphivgnktli
chgiaccdoanhnghiptrongcngmtngnhhngvlichchungcatonvng.Cc
hiphingnhnghphithcslchiccunigiaccdoanhnghip,nhsnxutvi
Nhnc,thtrngltrunggiantrongquanhquctlnithchincchotng
oto,tphunnhmnngcaonnglcvtrnhchuynmn,nghipv,knngv
nhnthcchoingcnbnhnvinkthut,cnbqunl,cnblmcngtckinh
doanhthngxuynquantmhtrvgiphivinnngcaonngsut,chtlng,
hiuqusnxutkinhdoanh,tongunnguynliu,mrngthtrng,tngcngkh
nngcnhtranhcadoanhnghipvsnphmchlc
3.3.3.3ividoanhnghip.
snphmcthpngcviHthngtiuchvtrthnhsnphmch
lcvng,doanhnghipcntptrungthchinttccvnsauy:

137

Cnutchosnxutviquimsnlnglnpngchonhucutiu
thniavchbinxutkhuquymsnxutcngnghiphocbncngnghip,c
khnngpdngcctinbkhoahckthut,nngcaottrngsdngnguynliutrong
nc.iviccdoanhnghipsnxut,kinhdoanhnngnghip,thysn,dintchnui
trngphipngnhucunguynliuantonchosnxutvtiuthtisnphm
miphictctngtrngnhanh. iviloihnhdchv,cncithincshtng
nhmttiuchunngnhquinh,phongcchphcvchuynnghippng,thamn
nhucukhchhngvlloihnhdchvchtlngcao.
Phiutthchngchohotngmarketing,nghincuthtrngpng
ttnhucungitiudngtrongvngoinc,mbochosnphmchlctngtrng
nhanh,nnh.Cnchtrngxydngvnngcaouytnthnghiucasnphmch
lc, mbo vchtlng theoquinhcacctchcqunlchtlngquctvgic
cnhtranhsovisnphmcngloitrnthtrngtrongcngnhngoinc.
Phi c chin lc kinhdoanh vpht trin snphm ch lcmt cch cbn
nh:chinlcmrngthtrngmictimnngchinlcnngcaonnglccnh
tranh(cithinccyutnhhngnnngsut,chiph,githnh)chinlcnng
caochtlngsnphmvivicpdngcccngnghcao,kthuttintintng.i
viloihnhdchv,cncchinlcnngcpcshtng,phttrintinguyn,ci
thinmitrngkinhdoanh,citinvnngcaochtlngphcvgipchosnphm
chlccthphttrinmtcchnnh,ludi.

3.4Ktlunchng3
xcnhngsnphmchlcvphttrinttsnphmchlcBSCLn
nm 2020, trc tin cn phi xy dng H thng tiu chnh gi, xt chn mbo
chnh xc, khch quan v khoa hc. y l c s nh gi, xt chn v hnh thnh
DanhmcsnphmchlcBSCLnnm2020.Tuynhin,snphmchlcca
vngpht trinmt cchbnvng, ccaphng BSCL cn trin khaingb cc
giiphpnhquihoch,linkt,ut,thtrng...,ngthicccp,ccngnhcnc
squantmhtrtchcc,hiuqutrnnhiuphngdincnthit,cngnhbnthn
ccdoanhnghipvaphngphichngtrongvicphihpquihochutcho
phttrinsnphmchlccachnhdoanhnghip,aphngvngnhkinht.Cvy,
vicphttrinsnphmchlccavngmithunlivtktqumongmun.

138

PHNKTLUN
Snphmchlc lsnphmhnghahocdchvchyucamtqucgia,
aphnghayvnglnhth,ckhnngsnxutvcungngvikhilngln,c
sccnhtranhcao,quimthtrngrngvtimnngphttrintt.Chngcnlsn
phm ckhnngemlihiuqukinhtcaochongisnxutvnggpngk
vosnphmtrongnc,csclantamnhngthilsnphmmangnghavvn
ha, thhinntc trng, th mnh camtquc gia,aphnghayvnglnh th.
Vic xcnhng snphmchlcngnghavivicxcnhcnnglccnh
tranhctlicaqucgia,aphnghay vnglnhthxcnhngtrungtmlanta,
ngun pht tc hp lc n cc ngnh ngh khc, nh v ng nn kinh t trong mi
trngcnhtranhtoncu v nhndngngitngkhchhngvthtrngmc
tiuttngcngcchthngqunlvthchnhchtlngphhp.Vn
quantrnghnnalthngquavicxcnhng snphmch lc,ccaphng,
vng lnh th s c nh hng ng n mc tiu chin lc, xy dng qui hoch v
chnhschphttrinkinhtxhiphhptrncskhaithchiuqutimnng,th
mnhcamnh.Vinghaquantrngnhvy,thngquavndngmtcchtnghp
ccphngphpnghincu,Lunnhngvogiiquytmtcchcbnccvn
ctnhlluncngnhthctintrongvicxcnh snphmchlcBSCLn
nm 2020, lm cs cc aphng tptrung u t pht trin ctrngtm, trng
imnhmkhaithchiuquhntimnng,thmnhcavng.Xtvmthcthut,
Lunnnggpquantrngvothnhtuchungcanghincukhoahcxtvmt
ngdng,Lunn cthtrinkhaithchinsaukhinghincusuthmivitng
snphmcth.
NhngnggpcbncaLunncthhinthngquaccktqunghin
cuctrnhbytrongphnnidungcaLunn.ycngchnhnhngthnhcng
cbncaLunndatrnmctiubanumtcgira.Cth:
(1) hon thin h thng l thuyt v sn phm ch lc v vn dng n vo gii
quytccvnctnhlluncngnhthctintrongvicxcnhsnphmchlc
vphttrinsnphmchlcBSCL nnm2020

139

(2)xydngBtiuchxcnhsnphmchlcvi2Hthng,mtdng
xcnhsnphmhnghavmtdngxcnhsnphmdchv,trong chng
vabomccciukincnviukin,vabomcchtiunhlng
v chtiunhtnh.Ngoira,Btiuchny cnmbo yhn,khoahchn,
thcthnvngin,dthchinhnsoviccbtiuchtrcy
(3)xutDanhmc snphmchlcBSCLnnm2020 baogm17 loi
sn phm/ngnh sn phm ch lc. Trong , nng nghip v thy sn c 7 sn phm
cng nghip c 4 sn phm dch v v dch v vn ti c 2 sn phm v ngnh cng
nghipdchv btrc4snphm.
(4)Lunncnxut 7nhmgiiphpctnhngbvkhthinh:giiphp
vquihoch,giiphpvlinkt,giiphpvut,giiphpvphttrincngngh,
giiphpvhtnggiaothng,giiphpvthtrngvgiiphpvphttrinngun
nhnlcdncnh,Lunncngxutkinnghivicccp,ccngnhclin
quancngnhccHiphingnhnghvchnhdoanhnghiptrongvichtrvnhiu
mtsnphmchlcciukinphttrinnnh,bnvngtrongbicnhhi
nhpquct ngycngsu,rngdnncnhtranhngycngmangtnhtoncu.