Giáo trình về JavaScript PDF

JavaScript
CHNG 1 LI NI U
Vi HTML and Microsoft FrontPage bn bit cch to ra trang Web - tuy nhin ch
mi mc biu din thng tin ch cha phi l cc trang Web ng c kh nng p ng
cc s kin t pha ngi dng. Hng Netscape a ra ngn ng script c tn l
LiveScript thc hin chc nng ny. Sau ngn ng ny c i tn thnh
JavaScript tn dng tnh i chng ca ngn ng lp trnh Java. Mc d c nhng im
tng ng gia Java v JavaScript, nhng chng vn l hai ngn ng ring bit.
JavaScript l ngn ng di dng script c th gn vi cc file HTML. N khng c
bin dch m c trnh duyt din dch. Khng ging Java phi chuyn thnh cc m d
bin dch, trnh duyt c JavaScript di dng m ngun. Chnh v vy bn c th d
dng hc JavaScript qua v d bi v bn c th thy cch s dng JavaScript trn cc
trang Web.
JavaScript l ngn ng da trn i tng, c ngha l bao gm nhiu kiu i tng, v
d i tng Math vi tt c cc chc nng ton hc. Tuy vy JavaScript khng l ngn
ng hng i tng nh C++ hay Java do khng h tr cc lp hay tnh tha k.
JavaScript c th p ng cc s kin nh ti hay loi b cc form. Kh nng ny cho
php JavaScript tr thnh mt ngn ng script ng.
Ging vi HTML v Java, JavaScript c thit k c lp vi h iu hnh. N c th
chy trn bt k h iu hnh no c trnh duyt h tr JavaScript. Ngoi ra JavaScript
ging Java kha cnh an ninh: JavaScript khng th c v vit vo file ca ngi dng.
Cc trnh duyt web nh Nescape Navigator 2.0 tr i c th hin th nhng cu lnh
JavaScript c nhng vo trang HTML. Khi trnh duyt yu cu mt trang, server s gi
y ni dung ca trang , bao gm c HTML v cc cu lnh JavaScript qua mng ti
client. Client s c trang t u n cui, hin th cc kt qu ca HTML v x l cc
cu lnh JavaScript khi no chng xut hin.
Cc cu lnh JavaScript c nhng trong mt trang HTML c th tr li cho cc s kin
ca ngi s dng nh kch chut, nhp vo mt form v iu hng trang. V d bn c
th kim tra cc gi tr thng tin m ngi s dng a vo m khng cn n bt c mt
qu trnh truyn trn mng no. Trang HTML vi JavaScript c nhng s kim tra cc
gi tr c a vo v s thng bo vi ngi s dng khi gi tr a vo l khng hp
l.
Mc ch ca phn ny l gii thiu v ngn ng lp trnh JavaScript bn c th vit
cc script vo file HTML ca mnh.
Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni
JavaScript
CHNG 2 NHP MN JAVASCRIPT

2.1.NHNG JAVASCRIPT VO FILE HTML
Bn c th nhng JavaScript vo mt file HTML theo mt trong cc cch sau y:
S dng cc cu lnh v cc hm trong cp th <SCRIPT>
S dng cc file ngun JavaScript
S dng mt biu thc JavaScript lm gi tr ca mt thuc tnh HTML
S dng th s kin (event handlers) trong mt th HTML no
Trong , s dng cp th <SCRIPT>...</SCRIPT> v nhng mt file ngun
JavaScript l c s dng nhiu hn c.
2.1.1.S dng th SCRIPT
Script c a vo file HTML bng cch s dng cp th
<SCRIPT> v <\SCRIPT>. Cc th <SCRIPT> c th xut
hin trong phn <HEAD> hay <BODY> ca file HTML. Nu
t trong phn <HEAD>, n s c ti v sn sng trc khi
phn cn li ca vn bn c ti.
Thuc tnh duy nht c nh ngha hin thi cho th
<SCRIPT> l LANGUAGE= dng xc nh ngn ng
script c s dng. C hai gi tr c nh ngha l
"JavaScript" v "VBScript". Vi chng trnh vit bng
JavaScript bn s dng c php sau :
Ch :
Ghi ch khng c t
trong cp th <- v ->
nh ghi ch trong file
HTML. C php ca
JavaScript tng t c
php ca C nn c th s
dng // hay /* ... */.
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=JavaScript>
// INSERT ALL JavaScript HERE
</SCRIPT>
im khc nhau gia c php vit cc ghi ch gia HTML v JavaScript l cho php bn
n cc m JavaScript trong cc ghi ch ca file HTML, cc trnh duyt c khng h tr
cho JavaScript c th c c n nh trong v d sau y:
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=JavaScript>

</SCRIPT>
Dng cui cng ca script cn c du // trnh duyt khng din dch dng ny di
dng m JavaScript. Cc v d trong chng ny khng cha c im n ca JavaScript
m c th d hiu hn.
2.1.2. S dng mt file ngun JavaScript
Thuc tnh SRC ca th <SCRIPT> cho php bn ch r file ngun JavaScript c s
dng (dng phng php ny hay hn nhng trc tip mt on lnh JavaScript vo trang
HTML).
JavaScript
C php:
<SCRIPT SRC="file_name.js">
....
</SCRIPT>
Thuc tnh ny ry hu dng cho vic chia s cc hm dng chung cho nhiu trang khc
nhau. Cc cu lnh JavaScript nm trong cp th <SCRIPT> v </SCRIPT> c cha thuc
tinh SRC tr khi n c li. V d bn mun a dng lnh sau vo gia cp th <SCRIPT
SRC="..."> v </SCRIPT>:
document.write("Khng tm thy file JS a vo!");
Thuc tnh SRC c th c nh r bng a ch URL, cc lin kt hoc cc ng dn

tuyt i, v d:
<SCRIPT SRC=" http://cse.com.vn ">
Cc file JavaScript bn ngoi khng c cha bt k

Ch
th HTML no. Chng ch c cha cc cu lnh
Khi
bn
mun
ch ra mt xu
JavaScript v nh ngha hm.
trch dn trong mt xu khc cn
Tn file ca cc hm JavaScript bn ngoi cn c ui s dng du nhy n ( ' )
.js, v server s phi nh x ui .js ti kiu MIME phn nh xu . iu ny cho
application/x-javascript. l nhng g m server gi php script nhn ra xu k t .
tr li phn Header ca file HTML. nh x ui ny
vo kiu MIME, ta thm dng sau vo file mime.types
trong ng dn cu hnh ca server, sau khi ng li server:
type=application/x-javascript
Nu server khng nh x c ui .js ti kiu MIME application/x-javascript , Navigator

s ti file JavaScript c ch ra trong thuc tnh SRC v khng ng cch.
Trong v d sau, hm bar c cha xu "left" nm trong mt cp du nhy kp:
function bar(widthPct){
document.write(" <HR ALIGN='LEFT' WIDTH="+widthPct+"%>")
}
2.3. TH <NOSCRIPT> V </NOSCRIPT>

Cp th ny dng nh r ni dung thng bo cho ngi s dng bit trnh duyt khng
h tr JavaScript. Khi trnh duyt s khng hiu th <NOSCRIPT> v n b l i, cn
on m nm trong cp th ny s c Navigator hin th. Ngc li, nu trnh duyt c
h tr JavaScript th on m trong cp th <NOSCRIPT> s c b qua. Tuy nhin,
iu ny cng c th xy ra nu ngi s dng khng s dng JavaScript trong trnh
duyt ca mnh bng cch tt n i trong hp Preferences/Advanced.
V d:
<NOSCRIPT>
<B> Trang ny c s dng JavaScript. Do bn cn s dng trnh duyt Netscape
Navigator t version 2.0 tr i!
<BR>
<A HREF="http://home.netscape.com/comprd/mirror/index.html">
Hy kch chut vo y ti v phin bn Netscape mi hn
JavaScript
</A>
</BR>
Nu bn s dng trnh duyt Netscape t 2.0 tr i m vn c c dng ch ny th
hy bt Preferences/Advanced/JavaScript ln
</NOSCRIPT>
Hnh 2.3: Minh ho th NOSCRIPT

2.3. HIN TH MT DNG TEXT
Trong hu ht cc ngn ng lp trnh, mt trong nhng kh nng c s l hin th ra mn
hnh mt dng text. Trong JavaScript, ngi lp trnh cng c th iu khin vic xut ra
mn hnh ca client mt dng text tun t trong file HTML. JavaScript s xc nh im
m n s xut ra trong file HTML v dng text kt qu s c dch nh cc dng HTML
khc v hin th trn trang.
Hn na, JavaScript cn cho php ngi lp trnh sinh ra mt hp thng bo hoc xc
nhn gm mt hoc hai nt. Ngoi ra, dng text v cc con s cn c th hin th trong
trng TEXT v TEXTAREA ca mt form.
Trong phn ny, ta s hc cch thc write() v writeln() ca i tng document.
i tng document trong JavaScript c thit k sn hai cch thc xut mt dng
text ra mn hnh client: write() v writeln(). Cch gi mt cch thc ca mt i tng
nh sau:
object_name.property_name
D liu m cch thc dng thc hin cng vic ca n c a vo dng tham s, v
d:
document.write("Test");
document.writeln('Test');
JavaScript
Cch thc write() xut ra mn hnh xu Text nhng khng xung dng, cn cch thc writeln()
sau khi vit xong dng Text t ng xung dng. Hai cch thc ny u cho php xut ra th
HTML.
V d: Cch thc write() xut ra th HTML

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Ouputting Text</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY> This text is plain.<BR> <B>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">

</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
V d: S khc nhau ca write() v writeln():

<PRE>
document.writeln("One,");
document.writeln("Two,");
document.write("Three ");
document.write("...");
JavaScript
</SCRIPT>
</PRE>
Khi duyt s c kt qu:
Hnh 2.5: S khc nhau ca write() v writeln()

2.4. GIAO TIP VI NGI S DNG
JavaScript h tr kh nng cho php ngi lp trnh to ra mt hp hi thoi. Ni dung
ca hp hi thoi ph thuc vo trang HTML c cha on script m khng lm nh
hng n vic xut ni dung trang.
Cch n gin lm vic l s dng cch thc alert(). s dng c cch thc
ny, bn phi a vo mt dng text nh khi s dng document.write() v
document.writeln() trong phn trc. V d:
alert("Nhn vo OK tip tc");
Khi file s ch cho n khi ngi s dng nhn vo nt OK ri mi tip tc thc hin
Thng thng, cch thc alert() c s dng trong cc trng hp:
Thng tin a v form khng hp l
Kt qu sau khi tnh ton khng hp l
Khi dch v cha sn sng truy nhp d liu
Tuy nhin cch thc alert() mi ch cho php thng bo vi ngi s dng ch cha thc
s giao tip vi ngi s dng. JavaScript cung cp mt cch thc khc giao tip vi
ngi s dng l promt(). Tng t nh alert(), prompt() to ra mt hp hi thoi vi mt
dng thng bo do bn a vo, nhng ngoi ra n cn cung cp mt trng nhp d
JavaScript
liu vo. Ngi s dng c th nhp vo trng ri kch vo OK. Khi , ta c th x

l d liu do ngi s dng va a vo.
V d: Hp hi thoi gm mt dng thng bo, mt trng nhp d liu, mt nt OK v
mt nt Cancel
Chng trnh ny s hi tn ngi dng v sau s hin th mt thng bo ngn s dng
tn mi a vo. V d c lu vo file Hello.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> JavaScript Exemple </TITLE>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE= JavaScript>
var name=window.prompt(Hello! Whats your name ?,);
document.write(Hello + name + ! I hope you like JavaScript );
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Khi duyt c kt qu:
Hnh2.1: Hin th ca s nhp tn

V d ny hin th du nhc nhp vo tn vi phng thc window.prompt. Gi tr t
c s c ghi trong bin c tn l name.
Bin name c kt hp vi cc chui khc v c hin th trong ca s ca trnh duyt
nh phng thc document.write.
JavaScript
Hnh 2.2: Hin th li cho ngi nhp

By gi bn c tng v cc chc nng c th t c qua JavaScript, chng ta hy
tip tc tm hiu thm v chnh ngn ng ny.
2.5. IM LI CC LNH V M RNG
LNH/M RNG
KIU
M T
SCRIPT
th HTML
Hp cha cc lnh JavaScript
SRC
Thuc tnh
ca th
SCRIPT
Gi a ch ca file JavaScript bn ngoi. File ny

phi c phn ui .js
LANGUAGE
thuc tnh
ca th
SCRIPT
nh r ngn ng script c s dng

(JavaScript hoc VBScript)
//
Ghi ch trong
JavaScript
nh du ghi ch mt dng trong on script
/*...*/
Ghi ch trong
JavaScript
nh du ghi ch mt khi trong on script
document.write()
cch thc
JavaScript
Xut ra mt xu trn ca s hin thi mt cch

tun t theo file HTML c on script
document.writeln()
Cch thc
JavaScript
Tng t cch thc document.write() nhng vit

xong t xung dng.
alert()
Cch thc
ca
JavaScript
Hin th mt dng thng bo trn hp hi thoi
JavaScript
promt()
9
Cch thc
JavaScript
Hin th mt dng thng bo trong hp hi thoi

ng thi cung cp mt trng nhp d liu
ngi s dng nhp vo.
JavaScript
10
CHNG 3 BIN TRONG JAVASCRIPT

3.1. BIN V PHN LOI BIN
Tn bin trong JavaScript phi bt u bng ch hay du gch di. Cc ch s khng
c s dng m u tn mt bin nhng c th s dng sau k t u tin.
Phm vi ca bin c th l mt trong hai kiu sau:
Bin ton cc: C th c truy cp t bt k u trong ng dng.
c khai bo nh sau :
x = 0;
Bin cc b: Ch c truy cp trong phm vi chng trnh m n khai bo.
Bin cc b c khai bo trong mt hm vi t kho var nh sau:
var x = 0;
Bin ton cc c th s dng t kho var, tuy nhin iu ny khng thc s cn thit.
3.2. BIU DIN T T TRONG JAVASCRIPT
T t l cc gi tr trong chng trnh khng thay i. Sau
y l cc v d v t t:
8
The dog ate my shoe
true
Ch
Khc vi C, trong
JavaScript khng c
kiu hng s CONST
biu din mt gi tr
khng i no y
3.3. KIU D LIU

Khc vi C++ hay Java, JavaScript l ngn ng c tnh nh kiu thp. iu ny c ngha
l khng phi ch ra kiu d liu khi khai bo bin. Kiu d liu c t ng chuyn
thnh kiu ph hp khi cn thit.
V d file Variable.Html:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Datatype Example </TITLE>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE= "JavaScript">
var fruit='apples';
var numfruit=12;
numfruit = numfruit + 20;
var temp ="There are " + numfruit + " " + ".";
document.write(temp);
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Cc trnh duyt h tr JavaScript s x l chnh xc v d trn v a ra kt qu di y:
JavaScript
11
Trnh din dch JavaScript s xem bin numfruit c kiu nguyn khi cng vi 20 v c
kiu chui khi kt hp vi bin temp.
Trong JavaScript, c bn kiu d liu sau y: kiu s nguyn, kiu du phy ng, kiu
logic v kiu chui.
1.1.1. KIU NGUYN (INTERGER)
S nguyn c th c biu din theo ba cch:
H c s 10 (h thp phn) - c th biu din s nguyn theo c s 10, ch
rng ch s u tin phi khc 0.
H c s 8 (h bt phn) - s nguyn c th biu din di dng bt phn
vi ch s u tin l s 0.
H c s 16 (h thp lc phn) - s nguyn c th biu din di dng thp
lc phn vi hai ch s u tin l 0x.
1.1.2. KIU DU PHY NG (FLOATING POINT)
Mt literal c kiu du phy ng c 4 thnh phn sau:
Phn nguyn thp phn.
Du chm thp phn (.).
Hnh 3.1: Kt qu ca x l d liu
Phn d.
Phn m.
phn bit kiu du phy ng vi kiu s nguyn, phi c t nht mt ch s theo sau
du chm hay E. V d:
9.87
-0.85E4
9.87E14
JavaScript
12
.98E-3
1.1.3. KIU LOGIC (BOOLEAN)

Kiu logic c s dng ch hai iu kin : ng hoc sai. Min gi tr ca kiu ny
ch c hai gi tr
true.
false.
1.1.4. KIU CHUI (STRING)
Mt literal kiu chui c biu din bi khng hay nhiu k t c t trong cp du "
... " hay '... '. V d:
The dog ran up the tree
The dog barked
100
biu din du nhy kp ( " ), trong chui s dng ( \" ), v d:

document.write( \This text inside quotes.\ );
JavaScript
13
2. XY DNG
JAVASCRIPT
CC
BIU
THC
TRONG
NH NGHA V PHN LOI BIU THC

Tp hp cc literal, bin v cc ton t nhm nh gi mt gi tr no c gi l mt
biu thc (expression). V c bn c ba kiu biu thc trong JavaScript:
S hc: Nhm lng gi gi tr s. V d (3+4)+(84.5/3) c nh gi
bng 197.1666666667.
Chui: Nhm nh gi chui. V d "The dog barked" + barktone + "!" l
The dog barked ferociously!.
Logic: Nhm nh gi gi tr logic. V d temp>32 c th nhn gi tr sai.
JavaScript cng h tr biu thc iu kin, c php nh sau:
(condition) ? valTrue : valFalse
Nu iu kin condition c nh gi l ng, biu thc nhn gi tr

valTrue, ngc li nhn gi tr valFalse. V d:
state = (temp>32) ? "liquid" : "solid"
Trong v d ny bin state c gn gi tr "liquid" nu gi tr ca bin temp

ln hn 32; trong trng hp ngc li n nhn gi tr "solid".
CC TON T (OPERATOR)
Ton t c s dng thc hin mt php ton no trn d liu. Mt ton t c th
tr li mt gi tr kiu s, kiu chui hay kiu logic. Cc ton t trong JavaScript c th
c nhm thnh cc loi sau y: gn, so snh, s hc, chui, logic v logic bitwise.
2.1.1. GN
Ton t gn l du bng (=) nhm thc hin vic gn gi tr ca ton hng bn phi cho
ton hng bn tri. Bn cnh JavaScript cn h tr mt s kiu ton t gn rt gn.
Kiu gn thng thng
Kiu gn rt gn
x=x+y
x+=y
x=x-y
x-=y
x=x*y
x*=y
x=x/y
x/=y
x=x%y
x%=y
2.1.2. SO SNH
Ngi ta s dng ton t so snh so snh hai ton hng v tr li gi tr ng hay sai
ph thuc vo kt qu so snh. Sau y l mt s ton t so snh trong JavaScript:
==
Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri bng ton hng bn phi
JavaScript
14
!=
Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri khc ton hng bn phi
>
Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri ln hn ton hng bn phi
>=
Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri ln hn hoc bng ton

hng bn phi
<
Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri nh hn ton hng bn

phi
<=
Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri nh hn hoc bng ton

hng bn phi
2.1.3. S HC
Bn cnh cc ton t cng (+), tr (-), nhn (*), chia (/) thng thng, JavaScript cn h
tr cc ton t sau y:
var1% var2
Ton t phn d, tr li phn d khi chia var1 cho var2
Ton t ph nh, c gi tr ph nh ton hng
var++
Ton t ny tng var ln 1 (c th biu din l ++var)
var--
Ton t ny gim var i 1 (c th biu din l --var)
Ch
Nu bn gn gi tr ca ton t ++ hay -- vo mt bin, nh y= x++, c th c cc
kt qu khc nhau ph thuc vo v tr xut hin trc hay sau ca ++ hay -- vi tn
bin (l x trong trng hp ny). Nu ++ ng trc x, x s c tng hoc gim
trc khi gi tr x c gn cho y. Nu ++ hay -- ng sau x, gi tr ca x c gn
cho y trc khi n c tng hay gim.
2.1.4. CHUI
Khi c s dng vi chui, ton t + c coi l kt hp hai chui,
v d:
"abc" + "xyz" c "abcxyz"
2.1.5. LOGIC
JavaScript h tr cc ton t logic sau y:
expr1 && expr2
L ton t logic AND, tr li gi tr ng nu c

expr1 v expr2 cng ng.
expr1 || expr2
L ton t logic OR, tr li gi tr ng nu t nht

mt trong hai expr1 v expr2 ng.
! expr
L ton t logic NOT ph nh gi tr ca expr.
JavaScript
15
2.1.6. BITWISE
Vi cc ton t thao tc trn bit, u tin gi tr c chuyn di dng s nguyn 32 bit,
sau ln lt thc hin cc php ton trn tng bit.
&
Ton t bitwise AND, tr li gi tr 1 nu c hai bit cng l 1.
|
Ton t bitwise OR, tr li gi tr 1 nu mt trong hai bit l 1.
^
Ton t bitwise XOR, tr li gi tr 1 nu hai bit c gi tr khc nhau
Ngoi ra cn c mt s ton t dch chuyn bitwise. Gi tr c chuyn thnh s nguyn
32 bit trc khi dch chuyn. Sau khi dch chuyn, gi tr li c chuyn thnh kiu ca
ton hng bn tri. Sau y l cc ton t dch chuyn:
<<
Ton t dch tri. Dch chuyn ton hng tri sang tri mt s lng bit
bng ton hng phi. Cc bit b chuyn sang tri b mt v 0 thay vo pha
bn phi. V d: 4<<2 tr thnh 16 (s nh phn 100 tr thnh s nh phn
10000)
>>
Ton t dch phi. Dch chuyn ton hng tri sang phi mt s lng bit
bng ton hng phi. Cc bit b chuyn sang phi b mt v du ca ton
hng bn tri c gi nguyn. V d: 16>>2 tr thnh 4 (s nh phn
10000 tr thnh s nh phn 100)
>>>
Ton t dch phi c chn 0. Dch chuyn ton hng tri sang phi mt s
lng bit bng ton hng phi. Bit du c dch chuyn t tri (ging
>>). Nhng bit c dch sang phi b xo i. V d: -8>>>2 tr thnh
1073741822 (bi cc bit du tr thnh mt phn ca s). Tt nhin vi
s dng kt qu ca ton t >> v >>> l ging nhau.
C mt s ton t dch chuyn bitwise rt gn:

Kiu bitwise thng thng
Kiu bitwise rt gn
x = x << y
x << = y
x = x >> y
x - >> y
x = x >>> y
x >>> = y
x=x&y
x&=y
x=x^y
x^=y
x=x|y
x|=y
BI TP
2.1.7. CU HI
Hy nh gi cc biu thc sau:
1. a. 7 + 5
b. "7" + "5"
c. 7 == 7
d. 7 >= 5
JavaScript
e. 7 <= 7
2. f. (7 < 5) ? 7 : 5
g. (7 >= 5) && (5 > 5)
h. (7 >= 5) || (5 > 5)
2.1.8. TR LI
Cc biu thc c nh gi nh sau:
1. a. 12
b. "75"
c. true
d. true
e. true
2. f. 5
g. false
h. true
16
JavaScript
3.
17
CC LNH
C th chia cc lnh ca JavaScript thnh ba nhm sau:

Lnh iu kin.
Lnh lp.
Lnh tho tc trn i tng.
CU LNH IU KIN
Cu lnh iu kin cho php chng trnh ra quyt nh v thc hin cng vic no y
da trn kt qu ca quyt nh. Trong JavaScript, cu lnh iu kin l if...else
if ... else
Cu lnh ny cho php bn kim tra iu kin v thc hin mt nhm lnh no y da
trn kt qu ca iu kin va kim tra. Nhm lnh sau else khng bt buc phi c, n
cho php ch ra nhm lnh phi thc hin nu iu kin l sai.
C php
if ( <iu kin> )
{
//Cc cu lnh vi iu kin ng
}
else
{
//Cc cu lnh vi iu kin sai
}
V d:
if (x==10){
document.write(x bng 10, t li x bng 0.);
x = 0;
}
else
document.write(x khng bng 10.);
Ch
K t { v } c s dng tch cc khi m.
CU LNH LP
Cu lnh lp th hin vic lp i lp li mt on m cho n khi biu thc iu kin c
nh gi l ng. JavaScipt cung cp hai kiu cu lnh lp:
for loop
while loop
JavaScript
18
3.1.1. VNG LP FOR

Vng lp for thit lp mt biu thc khi u - initExpr, sau lp mt on m cho n
khi biu thc <iu kin> c nh gi l ng. Sau khi kt thc mi vng lp, biu
thc incrExpr c nh gi li.
C php:
for (initExpr; <iu kin> ; incrExpr){
//Cc lnh c thc hin trong khi lp
}
V d:
<HTML> <HEAD>
<TITLE>For loop Example </TITLE>
for (x=1; x<=10 ; x++) {
y=x*25;
document.write("x ="+ x +";y= "+ y + "<BR>");
}
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY></BODY>
</HTML>
JavaScript
19
Hnh 5.1: Kt qu ca lnh for...loop

V d ny lu vo file for_loop.Html.
Vng lp ny s thc hin khi m lnh cho n khi x>10.
3.1.2. WHILE
Vng lp while lp khi lnh chng no <iu kin> cn c nh gi l ng
C php:
while (<iu kin>)
{
//Cc cu lnh thc hin trong khi lp
}
V d:
x=1;
while (x<=10){
y=x*25;
document.write("x="+x +"; y = "+ y + "<BR>");
x++;
}
Kt qu ca v d ny ging nh v d trc.
3.1.3. BREAK
Cu lnh break dng kt thc vic thc hin ca vng lp for hay while. Chng trnh
c tip tc thc hin ti cu lnh ngay sau ch kt thc ca vng lp.
C php
break;
on m sau lp cho n khi x ln hn hoc bng 100. Tuy nhin nu gi tr x a vo

vng lp nh hn 50, vng lp s kt thc
V d:
while (x<100)
JavaScript
20
{
if (x<50) break;
x++;
}
3.1.4. CONTINUE
Lnh continue ging lnh break nhng khc ch vic lp c kt thc v bt u t
u vng lp. i vi vng lp while, lnh continue iu khin quay li <iu kin>; vi
for, lnh continue iu khin quay li incrExpr.
C php
continue;
V d:
on m sau tng x t 0 ln 5, nhy ln 8 v tip tc tng ln 10
x=0;
while (x<=10)
{
document.write(Gi tr ca x l:+ x+<BR>);
if (x=5)
{
x=8;
continue;
}
x++;
}
CC CU LNH THAO TC TRN I TNG

JavaScript l mt ngn ng da trn i tng, do n c mt s cu lnh lm vic vi
cc i tng.
3.1.5. FOR...IN
Cu lnh ny c s dng lp tt c cc thuc tnh (properties) ca mt i tng.
Tn bin c th l mt gi tr bt k, ch cn thit khi bn s dng cc thuc tnh trong
vng lp. V d sau s minh ho iu ny
C php
for (<variable> in <object>)
{
//Cc cu lnh
}
V d
V d sau s ly ra tt c cc thuc tnh ca i tng Window v in ra tn ca mi thuc
tnh. Kt qu c minh ho trn hnh 5.2.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>For in Example </TITLE>
JavaScript
21
document.write("The properties of the Window object are: <BR>");

for (var x in window)
document.write(" "+ x + ", ");
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 5.2: Kt qu ca lnh for...in
3.1.6. NEW
Bin new c thc hin to ra mt th hin mi ca mt i tng
C php
objectvar = new object_type ( param1 [,param2]... [,paramN])
V d sau to i tng person c cc thuc tnh firstname, lastname, age, sex. Ch

rng t kho this c s dng ch i tng trong hm person. Sau ba th
hin ca i tng person c to ra bng lnh new
JavaScript
22
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>New Example </TITLE>
function person(first_name, last_name, age, sex){
this.first_name=first_name;
this.last_name=last_name;
this.age=age;
this.sex=sex;
}
person1= new person("Thuy", "Dau Bich", "23", "Female");
person2= new person("Chung", "Nguyen Bao", "24", "Male");
person3= new person("Binh", "Nguyen Nhat", "24", "Male");
person4= new person("Hon", " Vn", "24", "Male");
document.write ("1. "+person1.last_name+" " + person1.first_name + "<BR>" );
document.write("2. "+person2.last_name +" "+ person2.first_name + "<BR>");
document.write("3. "+ person3.last_name +" "+ person3.first_name + "<BR>");
document.write("4. "+ person4.last_name +" "+ person4.first_name+"<BR>");
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 5.3: Kt qu ca v d lnh New
JavaScript
23
3.1.7. THIS
T kho this c s dng ch i tng hin thi. i tng c gi thng l i
tng hin thi trong phng thc hoc trong hm.
C php
this [.property]
C th xem v d ca lnh new.

3.1.8. WITH
Lnh ny c s dng thit lp i tng ngm nh cho mt nhm cc lnh, bn c
th s dng cc thuc tnh m khng cp n i tng.
C php
with (object)
{
// statement
}
V d:
V d sau ch ra cch s dng lnh with thit lp i tng ngm nh l document v
c th s dng phng thc write m khng cn cp n i tng document
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>With Example </TITLE>
with (document){
write(This is an exemple of the things that can be done <BR>);
write(With the <B>with<B> statment. <P>);
write(This can really save some typing);
}
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
JavaScript
24
Hnh 5.4: Kt qu ca v d lnh with
CC HM (FUNCTIONS)
JavaScript cg cho php s dng cc hm. Mc d khng nht thit phi c, song cc hm
c th c mt hay nhiu tham s truyn vo v mt gi tr tr v. Bi v JavaScript l ngn
ng c tnh nh kiu thp nn khng cn nh ngha kiu tham s v gi tr tr v ca
hm. Hm c th l thuc tnh ca mt i tng, trong trng hp ny n c xem nh
l phng thc ca i tng .
Lnh function c s dng to ra hm trong JavaScript.
C php
function fnName([param1],[param2],...,[paramN])
{
//function statement
}
V d:
V d sau minh ho cch thc to ra v s dng hm nh l thnh vin ca mt i tng.
Hm printStats c to ra l phng thc ca i tng person
<HTML> <HEAD>
<TITLE>Function Example </TITLE>
function person(first_name, last_name, age, sex)
{
this.first_name=first_name;
this.last_name=last_name;
this.age=age;
JavaScript
25
this.sex=sex;
this.printStats=printStats;
}
function printStats() {
with (document) {
write (" Name :" + this.last_name + " " + this.first_name + "<BR>" );
write("Age :"+this.age+"<BR>");
write("Sex :"+this.sex+"<BR>");
}
}
person1= new person("Thuy", "Dau Bich", "23", "Female");
person2= new person("Chung", "Nguyen Bao", "24", "Male");
person3= new person("Binh", "Nguyen Nhat", "24", "Male");
person4= new person("Hoan", "Do Van", "23", "Male");
person1.printStats();
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY> </BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 8: V d v hm
JavaScript
26
CC HM C SN
JavaScript c mt s hm c sn, gn trc tip vo chnh ngn ng v khng nm trong
mt i tng no:
eval
parseInt
parseFloat
3.1.9. EVAL
Hm ny c s dng nh gi cc biu thc hay lnh. Biu thc, lnh hay cc i
tng ca thuc tnh u c th c nh gi. c bit ht sc hu ch khi nh gi cc
biu thc do ngi dng a vo (ngc li c th nh gi trc tip).
C php:
returnval=eval (bt k biu thc hay lnh hp l trong Java)
V d:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Eval Example </TITLE>
var string=10+ Math.sqrt(64);
document.write(string+ =+ eval(string));
</SCRIPT>
Hnh 5.5: Kt qu vic s dng hm

</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
JavaScript
27
Hnh 5.6 V d hm Eval

3.1.10. PARSEINT
Hm ny chuyn mt chui s thnh s nguyn vi c s l tham s th hai (tham s ny
khng bt buc). Hm ny thng c s dng chuyn cc s nguyn sang c s 10
v m bo rng cc d liu c nhp di dng k t c chuyn thnh s trc khi
tnh ton. Trong trng hp d liu vo khng hp l, hm parseInt s c v chuyn
dng chui n v tr n tm thy k t khng phi l s. Ngoi ra hm ny cn ct du
phy ng.
C php
parseInt (string, [, radix])
V d:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> perseInt Exemple </TITLE>
document.write("Converting 0xC hex to base-10: " + parseInt(0xC,10) +
"<BR>");
document.write("Converting 1100 binary to base-10: " + parseInt(1100,2) +
"<BR>");
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
JavaScript
28
</HTML>
Hnh 5.7: V d parInt

3.1.11. PARSEFLOAT
Hm ny ging hm parseInt nhng n chuyn chui thnh s biu din di dng du
phy ng.
C php
parseFloat (string)
V d:
V d sau minh ho cch thc x l ca parseFloat vi cc kiu chui khc nhau. Hnh 5.8
minh ha kt qu
<HTML> <HEAD>
<TITLE> perseFload Exemple </TITLE>
document.write("This script will show how diffrent strings are ");
document.write("Converted using parseFloat<BR>");
document.write("137= " + parseFloat("137") + "<BR>");
document.write("137abc= " + parseFloat("137abc") + "<BR>");
document.write("abc137= " + parseFloat("abc137") + "<BR>");
document.write("1abc37= " + parseFloat("1abc37") + "<BR>");
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY> </BODY>
JavaScript
29
</HTML>
Hnh 5.8 : Kt qu ca v d parseFloat
MNG (ARRAY)
Mc d JavaScript khng h tr cu trc d liu mng nhng Netscape to ra phng
thc cho php bn t to ra cc hm khi to mng nh sau:
function InitArray(NumElements){
this.length = numElements;
for (var x=1; x<=numElements; x++){
this[x]=0
}
return this;
}
N to ra mt mng vi kch thc xc nh trc v in cc gi tr 0. Ch rng thnh

phn u tin trong mng l di mng v khng c s dng.
to ra mt mng, khai bo nh sau:
myArray = new InitArray (10)
N to ra cc thnh phn t myArray[1] n myArray[10] vi gi tr l 0. Gi tr cc

thnh phn trong mng c th c thay i nh sau:
myArray[1] = "Ngh An"
myArray[2] = "Lo"
Sau y l v d y :
<HTML> <HEAD>
<TITLE> Array Exemple </TITLE>
function InitArray(numElements) {
this.length = numElements;
for (var x=1; x<=numElements; x++){
JavaScript
30
this[x]=0
}
return this;
}
myArray = new InitArray(10);
myArray[1] = "Ngh An";
myArray[2] = "H Ni";
document.write(myArray[1] + "<BR>");
document.write(myArray[2] + "<BR>");
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY> </BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 5.9: V d mng
S KIN
JavaScript l ngn ng nh hng s kin, ngha l s phn ng trc cc s kin xc
nh trc nh kch chut hay ti mt vn bn. Mt s kin c th gy ra vic thc hin
mt on m lnh (gi l cc chng trinh x l s kin) gip cho chng trnh c th
phn ng mt cch thch hp.
JavaScript
31
Chng trnh x l s kin (Event handler): Mt on m hay mt hm

c thc hin phn ng trc mt s kin gi l chng trnh x l s kin. Chng
trnh x l s kin c xc nh l mt thuc tnh ca mt th HTML:
<tagName eventHandler = "JavaScript Code or Function">
V d sau gi hm CheckAge() mi khi gi tr ca trng vn bn thay i:

<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME="AGE" onChange="CheckAge()">
on m ca chng trnh x l s kin khng l mt hm; n l cc lnh ca JavaScript

cch nhau bng du chm phy. Tuy nhin cho mc ch vit thnh cc module nn vit
di dng cc hm.
Mt s chng trnh x l s kin trong JavaScript:
onBlur
Xy ra khi input focus b xo t thnh phn form
onClick
Xy ra khi ngi dng kch vo cc thnh phn hay lin

kt ca form.
onChange
Xy ra khi gi tr ca thnh phn c chn thay i
onFocus
Xy ra khi thnh phn ca form c focus(lm ni ln).
onLoad
Xy ra trang Web c ti.
onMouseOver
Xy ra khi di chuyn chut qua kt ni hay anchor.
onSelect
Xy ra khi ngi s dng la chn mt trng nhp d

liu trn form.
onSubmit
Xy ra khi ngi dng a ra mt form.
onUnLoad
Xy ra khi ngi dng ng mt trang
Sau y l bng cc chng trnh x l s kin c sn ca mt s i tng. Cc i

tng ny s c trnh by k hn trong phn sau.
i tng
Chng trnh x l s kin c sn
Selection list
onBlur, onChange, onFocus
Text
onBlur, onChange, onFocus, onSelect
Textarea
onBlur, onChange, onFocus, onSelect
Button
onClick
Checkbox
onClick
Radio button
onClick
Hypertext link
onClick, onMouseOver, onMouseOut
Clickable Imagemap area
onMouseOver, onMouseOut
Reset button
onClick
JavaScript
32
Submit button
onClick
Document
onLoad, onUnload, onError
Window
onLoad, onUnload, onBlur, onFocus
Framesets
onBlur, onFocus
Form
onSubmit, onReset
Image
onLoad, onError, onAbort
V d sau l mt on m script n gin ca chng trnh x l s kin thm nh gi tr

a vo trong trng text. Tui ca ngi s dng c nhp vo trong trng ny v
chng trnh x l s kin s thm nh tnh hp l ca d liu a vo. Nu khng hp
l s xut hin mt thng bo yu cu nhp li. Chng trnh x l s kin c gi mi
khi trng AGE b thay i v focus chuyn sang trng khc. Hnh 5.10 minh ho kt
qu ca v d ny
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> An Event Handler Exemple </TITLE>
function CheckAge(form) {
if ( (form.AGE.value<0)||(form.AGE.value>120) )
{
alert("Tui nhp vo khng hp l! Mi bn nhp li");
form.AGE.value=0;
}
}
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM NAME="PHIEU_DIEU_TRA">
Nhp vo tn ca bn:<BR>
Tn <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME="TEN" MAXLENGTH=10 SIZE=10><BR>
m <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME="DEM" MAXLENGTH=15 SIZE=10><BR>
H <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME="HO" MAXLENGTH=10 SIZE=10><BR>
Age
<INPUT
TYPE=TEXT
NAME="AGE"
MAXLENGTH=3
onChange="CheckAge(PHIEU_DIEU_TRA)"><BR>
<P>
Bn thch ma no nht:<BR>
Ma xun<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME="MUA" VALUE="Mua xuan">
SIZE=2
JavaScript
33
Ma h<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME="MUA" VALUE="Mua ha">

Ma thu<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME="MUA" VALUE="Mua thu">
Ma ng<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME="MUA" VALUE="Mua dong">
<P>
Hy chn nhng hot ng ngoi tri m bn yu thch:<BR>

i b<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME="HOAT_DONG" VALUE="Di bo">
Trt tuyt<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME="HOAT_DONG" VALUE="Truot
tuyet">
Th
thao
di
nc<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX
VALUE="Duoi nuoc">
NAME="HOAT_DONG"
p xe<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME="HOAT_DONG" VALUE="Dap xe">

<P>
<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT>
<INPUT TYPE=RESET>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Hnh 5.10: Minh ho cho v d Event Handler
JavaScript
34
BI TP
3.1.12. CU HI
1. Vit mt on lnh JavaScript s dng cch thc confirm() v cu lnh if...then thc
hin:
Hi ngi s dng c mun nhn c mt li cho khng
Nu c th hin nh wellcome.jpg v mt li cho.
Nu khng th vit ra mt li thng bo
2. Vit mt on lnh JavaScript thc hin:
Hi ngi s dng: "10+10 bng bao nhiu?"
Nu ng th hi tip: C mun tr li cu th hai khng?"
Nu mun th hi: "10*10 bng bao nhiu?"
nh gi kt qu bng biu thc logic sau vit ra mn hnh:
ng: "CORRECT"; Sai: "INCORRECT"
Gi : S dng bin ton cc lu kt qu ng so snh vi kt qa a vo.
3. Cu lnh no trong cc cu sau y s dng sai th s kin
a. <BODY onClick="doSomething();">
b. <INPUT TYPE=text onFocus="doSomething();">
c. <INPUT TYPE=textarea onLoad="doSomething();">
d. <BODY onUnload="doSomething();">
e. <FORM onLoad="doSomething();">
f. <FORM onSubmit="doSomething();">
4. iu g xy ra khi thc hin script sau:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Exercise 5.4</TITLE>
var name = "";
function welcome() {
name = prompt("Welcome to my page! What's Your Name?","name");
}
function farewell() {
alert("Goodbye " + name + ". Thanks for visiting my page.");
}
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY onLoad="welcome();" onUnload="farewell();";>
This is my page!
</BODY>
</HTML>
5. S dng vng lp while m phng cc vng lp for sau:
JavaScript
a.
for (j = 4; j > 0; j --) {
document.writeln(j + "<BR>");
}
b.
for (k = 1; k <= 99; k = k*2) {
k = k/1.5;
}
c.
for (num = 0; num <= 10; num ++) {
if (num == 8)
break;
}
3.1.13. TR LI
1. S dng cch thc confirm() v cu trc if...then:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Execise 5.1</TITLE>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
<P>
var conf=confirm("Click OK to see a wellcome message!")
if (conf){
document.write("<IMG SRC='wellcome.jpg'>");
document.write("<BR>Wellcome you come to CSE's class");
}
else
document.write("What a pity! You have just click Cancel button");
</SCRIPT>
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
2. Thc hin hi ngi s dng:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Exercise 3.3</TITLE>
// DEFINE VARIABLES FOR REST OF SCRIPT
var question="What is 10+10?";
var answer=20;
var correct='CORRECT';
35
JavaScript
36
var incorrect='INCORRECT';
// ASK THE QUESTION
var response = prompt(question,"0");
// chECK THE ANSWER THE FIRST TIME
if (response != answer) {
// THE ANSWER WAS WRONG: OFFER A SECOND chAncE
if (confirm("Wrong! Press OK for a second chance."))
response = prompt(question,"0");
} else {
// THE ANSWER WAS RIGHT: OFFER A SECOND QUESTION
if (confirm("Correct! Press OK for a second question.")) {
question = "What is 10*10?";
answer = 100;
response = prompt (question,"0");
}
}
// chECK THE ANSWER
var output = (response == answer) ? correct : incorrect;
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
// OUTPUT RESULT
document.write(output);
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
3. Cc cu sai: a, c, e. Cc cu ng: b, d, f
4. Khi chng trnh c chy (load), hm wellcome s thc hin hi tn ngi s
dng, lu tn vo bin ton cc name. Khi ngi s dng sang mt a ch
URL khc, hm farewell() s thc hin gi mt li cm n ti ngi s dng.
5. S dng vng lp while nh sau:
a.
j = 5;
while (--j > 0) {
document.writeln(j + "<BR>");
}
b.
k = 1;
while (k <= 99) {
k = k * 2 / 1.5;
JavaScript
37
c.
num = 0;
while (num <= 10) {
if (num++ == 8)
break;
}
JavaScript
4.
38
CC I TNG TRONG JAVASCRIPT
Nh ni JavaScript l ngn ng lp trnh da trn i tng, nhng khng hng i

tng bi v n khng h tr cc lp cng nh tnh tha k. Phn ny ni v cc i
tng trong JavaScript v hnh 6.1 ch ra s phn cp cc i tng.
Trong s phn cp cc i tng ca JavaScript, cc i tng con thc s l cc
thuc tnh ca cc i tng b m. Trong v d v chng trnh x l s kin trc y
form tn PHIEU_DIEU_TRAl thuc tnh ca i tng document v trng text AGE l
thuc tnh ca form PHIEU_DIEU_TRA. tham chiu n gi tr ca AGE, bn phi s
dng:
document.PHIEU_DIEU_TRA.AGE.value
Cc i tng c thuc tnh (properties), phng thc (methods), v cc chng trnh x

l s kin (event handlers) gn vi chng. V d i tng document c thuc tnh title
phn nh ni dung ca th <TITLE> ca document. Bn cnh bn thy phng thc
document.write c s dng trong nhiu v d a vn bn kt qu ra document.
i tng cng c th c cc chng trnh x l s kin. V d i tng link c hai
chng trnh x l s kin l onClick v onMouseOver. onClick c gi khi c i
tng link c kch, onMouseOver c gi khi con tr chut di chuyn qua link.
Khi bn ti mt document xung Navigator, n s to ra mt s i tng cng vi nhng
gi tr cc thuc tnh ca chng da trn file HTML ca document v mt vi thng
tin cn thit khc. Nhng i tng ny tn ti mt cch c cp bc v phn nh chnh
cu trc ca file HTML .
JavaScript
39
S sau s minh ho s phn cp ca cc i tng ny
Window
Texturea
navigator
Text
Plugin
Frame
document
Location
Layer
FileUpload
Mime Type
Link
Password
Image
Hidden
Area
Submit
Anchor
Reset
Applet
Radio
Plugin
Checkbox
Form
Button
History
Select
Option
Hnh 6.1: S 1 - Phn cp i tng Navigator

Trong s phn cp ny, cc i tng con chnh l cc thuc tnh ca mt i tng
cha. V d nh mt form tn l form1 chnh l mt i tng con ca i tng document
v c gi ti l document.form1
Tt c cc trang u c cc i tng sau y:
navigator: c cc thuc tnh tn v phin bn ca Navigator ang c
s dng, dng cho MIME type c h tr bi client v plug-in c ci
t trn client.
window: l i tng mc cao nht, c cc thuc tnh thc hin p
dng vo ton b ca s.
document: cha cc thuc tnh da trn ni dung ca document nh tn,
mu nn, cc kt ni v cc forms.
location: c cc thuc tnh da trn a ch URL hin thi
history: Cha cc thuc tnh v cc URL m client yu cu trc .
JavaScript
40
Sau y s m t cc thuc tnh, phng thc cng nh cc chng trnh x l s kin

cho tng i tng trong JavaScript.
I TNG NAVIGATOR
i tng ny c s dng t c cc thng tin v trnh duyt nh s phin bn.
i tng ny khng c phng thc hay chng trnh x l s kin.
Cc thuc tnh
appCodeName
Xc nh tn m ni ti ca trnh duyt (Atlas).
AppName
Xc nh tn trnh duyt.
AppVersion
Xc nh thng tin v phin bn ca i tng navigator.
userAgent
Xc nh header ca user - agent.
V d
V d sau s hin th cc thuc tnh ca i tng navigator
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Navigator Object Exemple </TITLE>
document.write("appCodeName = "+navigator.appCodeName + "<BR>");
document.write("appName = "+navigator.appName + "<BR>");
document.write("appVersion = "+navigator.appVersion + "<BR>");
document.write("userAgent = "+navigator.userAgent + "<BR>");
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
JavaScript
41
Hnh 6.2: Minh ho cho i tng Navigator
I TNG WINDOW
i tng window nh ni trn l i tng mc cao nht. Cc i tng
document, frame, v tr u l thuc tnh ca i tng window.
4.1.1. CC THUC TNH
defaultStatus - Thng bo ngm nh hin th ln trn thanh trng thi ca
ca s
Frames - Mng xc nh tt c cc frame trong ca s.
Length - S lng cc frame trong ca s cha m.
Name - Tn ca ca s hin thi.
Parent - i tng ca s cha m
Self - Ca s hin thi.
Status - c s dng cho thng bo tm thi hin th ln trn thanh thng
thi ca s. c s dng ly hay t li thng bo trng thi v ghi ln
defaultStatus.
Top - Ca s trn cng.
Window - Ca s hin thi.
4.1.2. CC PHNG THC
alert ("message") -Hin th hp hi thoi vi chui "message" v nt OK.
JavaScript
42
clearTimeout(timeoutID) -Xa timeout do SetTimeout t. SetTimeout tr li

timeoutID
windowReference.close -ng ca s windowReference.
confirm("message") -Hin th hp hi thoi vi chui "message", nt OK v
nt Cancel. Tr li gi tr True cho OK v False cho Cancel.
[windowVar = ][window]. open("URL", "windowName", [
"windowFeatures" ] ) - M ca s mi.
prompt ("message" [,"defaultInput"]) - M mt hp hi thoi nhn d
liu vo trng text.
TimeoutID = setTimeout(expression,msec) - nh gi biu thc expresion
sau thi gian msec.
V d: S dng tn ca s khi gi ti n nh l ch ca mt form submit hoc trong mt
Hipertext link (thuc tnh TARGET ca th FORM v A).
Trong v d to ra mt ti ca s th hai, nh nt th nht m mt ca s rng, sau
mt lin kt s ti file doc2.html xung ca s mi ri mt nt khc dng ng ca
s th hai li, v d ny la vo file window.html:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Frame Example </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Open Second Window"
onClick="msgWindow=window.open('','window2','resizable=no,width=200,heigh
t=200')">
<P>
<A HREF="doc2.html" TARGET="window2">
Load a file into window2 </A>
</P>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Close Second Window"
onClick="msgWindow.close()">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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43
Hnh 6.3: Minh ho cho i tng ca s

4.1.3. CC CHNG TRNH X L S KIN
onLoad - Xut hin khi ca s kt thc vic ti.
onUnLoad - Xut hin khi ca s c loi b.
I TNG LOCATION
Cc thuc tnh ca i tng location duy tr cc thng tin v URL ca document hin
thi. i tng ny hon ton khng c cc phng thc v chng trnh x l s kin i
km. V d:
http:// www.abc.com/ chap1/page2.html#topic3
Cc thuc tnh
hash - Tn anchor ca v tr hin thi (v d topic3).
Host - Phn hostname:port ca URL (v d www.abc.com ). Ch rng y
thng l cng ngm nh v t khi c ch ra.
Hostname - Tn ca host v domain (v d www.abc.com ).
href - Ton b URL cho document hin ti.
Pathname - Phn ng dn ca URL (v d /chap1/page2.html).
Port - Cng truyn thng c s dng cho my tnh host, thng l cng
ngm nh.
Protocol - Giao thc c s dng (cng vi du hai chm) (v d http:).
Search - Cu truy vn tm kim c th cui URL cho cc script CGI.
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44
I TNG FRAME
Mt ca s c th c mt vi frame. Cc frame c th cun mt cch c lp vi
nhau v mi frame c URL ring. frame khng c cc chng trnh x l s kin. S
kin onLoad v onUnLoad l ca i tng window.
4.1.4. CC THUC TNH
frames - Mng tt c cc frame trong ca s.
Name - Thuc tnh NAME ca th <FRAME>
Length - S lng cc frame con trong mt frame.
Parent - Ca s hay frame cha nhm frame hin thi.
self - frame hin thi.
Window - frame hin thi.
4.1.5. CC PHNG THC
clearTimeout (timeoutID) - Xo timeout do setTimeout lp. SetTimeout tr
li timeoutID.
TimeoutID = setTimeout (expression,msec) - nh gi expression sau khi
ht thi gian msec.
4.1.6. S DNG FRAME
4.1.6.1.
a) To mt frame (create)
to mt frame, ta s dng th FRAMESET. Mc ch ca th ny l nh ngha mt

tp cc frame trong mt trang.
V d1: to frame ( hnh 17)
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<FRAMESET ROWS="90%,10%">
<FRAMESET COLS="30%,70%">
<FRAME SRC=CATEGORY.HTM NAME="ListFrame">
<FRAME SRC=TITLES.HTM NAME="contentFrame">
</FRAMESET >
<FRAME SRC=NAVIGATOR.HTM NAME="navigateFrame">
</FRAMESET >
</HEAD>
<BODY> </BODY>
</HTML>
S sau hin th cu trc ca cc frame: C 3 frame u trn cng mt ca s cha, mc

d 2 trong s cc frame nm trong mt frameset khc.
Top
listFrame (category.html)
contentFrame (titles.html)
navigatorFrame (navigator.html)
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45
Bn c th gi ti nhng frame trc bng cch s dng thuc tnh frames nh sau:
listFrame chnh l top.frames[0]
contentFrame chnh l top.frames[1]
navigatorFrame chnh l top.frames[2]
Hnh 6.4: Kt qu vic to frame trong

V d 2: Cng ging nh mt s la chn, bn c th to ra mt ca s ging nh v d
trc nhng trong mi nh ca hai frame li c mt ca s cha ring t navigateFrame.
Mc frameset cao nht c th c nh ngha nh sau:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<FRAMESET ROWS="90%,10%">
<FRAME SRC=muske13.HTML NAME="upperFrame">
<FRAME SRC=NAVIGATOR.HTM NAME="navigateFrame">
</FRAMESET >
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Trong file muske13.html li tip tc t mt frameset:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
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46

<FRAMESET COLS="30%,70%">
<FRAME SRC=CATEGORY.HTM NAME="ListFrame">
<FRAME SRC=TITLES.HTM NAME="contentFrame">
</FRAMESET >
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Khi kt qu hin th ca v d 2 ging v d 1 nhng s phn cp ca cc frames li

khc hn:
Bn c th gi ti cc frame trn bng cch s dng thuc tnh mng frames nh sau:
upperFrame chnh l top.frames[0]
top
listFrame (category.html)
upperFrame
(muske13.html)
contentFrame (titles.html)
navigatorFrame
(navigator.html)
navigatorFrame
listFrame
contentFrame
chnh l top.frames[1]
chnh l upperFrame.frames[0]
hoc top.frames[0].frames[0]
chnh l upperFrame.frames[1]
hoc top.frames[0].frames[1]
4.1.6.2.
b) Cp nht mt frame (update)
Bn c th cp nht ni dung ca mt frame bng cch s dng thuc tnh location t

a ch URL v phi nh ch r v tr ca frame trong cu trc.
Trong v d trn, nu bn thm mt dng sau vo navigatorFrame:
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Titles only"
onClick="top.frames[0].location='artist.html'">
th khi nt Titles only c nhn, file artist.html s c ti vo upperFrame, v hai

frame listFrame, contentFrame s b ng li nh chng cha bao gi tn ti.
I TNG DOCUMENT
i tng ny cha cc thng tin v document hin thi v cung cp cc phng thc
a thng tin ra mn hnh. i tng document c to ra bng cp th <BODY> v
</BODY>. Mt s cc thuc tnh gn vi th <BODY>.
Cc i tng anchor, forms, history, links l thuc tnh ca i tng document.
Khng c cc chng trnh x l s kin cho cc frame. S kin onLoad v onUnLoad
l cho i tng window.
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47
4.1.7. CC THUC TNH

alinkColor - Ging nh thuc tnh ALINK.
anchor - Mng tt c cc anchor trong document.
bgColor - Ging thuc tnh BGCOLOR.
cookie - S dng xc nh cookie.
fgColor - Ging thuc tnh TEXT.
forms - Mng tt c cc form trong document.
lastModified - Ngy cui cng vn bn c sa.
linkColor - Ging thuc tnh LINK.
links - Mng tt c cc link trong document.
location - URL y ca vn bn.
referrer - URL ca vn bn gi n.
title - Ni dung ca th <TITLE>.
vlinkColor - Ging thuc tnh VLINK.
4.1.8. CC PHNG THC
document.clear - Xo document hin thi.
document.close - ng dng d liu vo v a ton b d liu trong b
m ra mn hnh.
document.open (["mineType"]) - M mt stream thu thp d liu vo ca
cc phwong thc write v writeln.
document.write(expression1 [,expression2]...[,expressionN]) - Vit biu
thc HTML ln vn bn trng mt ca s xc nh.
document.writeln (expression1 [,expression2] ... [,expressionN] ) Ging phng thc trn nhng khi ht mi biu thc li xung dng.
I TNG ANCHORS
anchor l mt on vn bn trong document c th dng lm ch cho mt siu lin kt.
N c xc nh bng cp th <A> v </A>. i tng anchor khng c thuc tnh,
phng thc cng nh chng trnh x l s kin. Mng anchor tham chiu n mi
anchor c tn trong document. Mi anchor c tham chiu bng cch:
document.anchors [index]
Mng anchor c mt thuc tnh duy nht l length xc nh s lng cc anchor trong
document, n c th c xc nh nh sau:
document.anchors.length.
I TNG FORMS
Cc form c to ra nh cp th <FORM> v </FORM>. Phn ln cc thuc tnh
ca i tng form phn nh cc thuc tnh ca th <FORM>. C mt vi phn t
(elements) l thuc tnh ca i tng forms:
button
checkbox
hidden
password
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48
radio
reset
select
submit
text
textarea
Cc phn t ny s c trnh by sau.

Nu document cha mt vi form, chng c th c tham chiu qua mng forms. S
lng cc form c th c xc nh nh sau:
document.forms.length.
Mi mt form c th c tham chiu nh sau:

document.forms[index]
4.1.9. CC THUC TNH

action
thuc tnh ACTION ca th FORM.

elements
Mng cha tt c cc thnh phn trong mt form (nh checkbox,
trng text, danh sch la chn
encoding
Xu cha kiu MIME c s dng m ho ni dung ca form
gi cho server.
length
S lng cc thnh phn trong mt form.
method
Thuc tnh METHOD.
target
Xu cha tn ca ca s ch khi submit form
4.1.10. CC PHNG THC
formName.submit () - Xut d liu ca mt form tn formName ti trang x l. Phng
thc ny m phng mt click vo nt submit trn form.
onSubmit - Chng trnh x l s kin ny c gi khi ngi s dng chuyn d liu
t form i.
I TNG HISTORY
i tng ny c s dng lu gi cc thng tin v cc URL trc c
ngi s dng s dng. Danh sch cc URL c lu tr theo th t thi gian. i tng
ny khng c chng trnh x l s kin.
4.1.12. CC THUC TNH
length - S lng cc URL trong i tng.
4.1.13. CC PHNG THC
history.back() - c s dng tham chiu ti URL mi c thm trc
y.
history.forward() - c s dng tham chiu ti URL k tip trong danh
sch. N s khng gy hiu ng g nu n cui ca danh sch.
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49
history.go (delta | "location") - c s dng chuyn ln hay chuyn

xung delta bc hay di chun n URL xc nh bi location trong danh sch.
Nu delta c s dng th vic dch chuyn ln pha trn khi delta dng v
xung pha di khi delta m. nu s dng location, URL gn nht c cha
location l chui con s c tham chiu.
I TNG LINKS
i tng link l mt on vn bn hay mt nh c xem l mt siu lin kt.
Cc thuc tnh ca i tng link ch yu x l v URL ca cc siu lin kt. i tng
link cng khng c phng thc no.
Mng link cha danh sch tt c cc lin kt trong document. C th xc nh s lng
cc link qua
document.links.length()
C th tham chiu ti mt lin kt qa
document.links [index]
xc nh cc thuc tnh ca i tng link, c th s dng URL tng t:
http://www.abc.com/chap1/page2.html#topic3
4.1.14. CC THUC TNH
hash - Tn anchor ca v tr hin thi (v d topic3).
Host - Phn hostname:port ca URL (v d www.abc.com). Ch rng y
thng l cng ngm nh v t khi c ch ra.
Hostname - Tn ca host v domain (v d ww.abc.com).
href - Ton b URL cho document hin ti.
Pathname - Phn ng dn ca URL (v d /chap1/page2.html).
port - Cng truyn thng c s dng cho my tnh host, thng l cng
ngm nh.
Protocol - Giao thc c s dng (cng vi du hai chm) (v d http:).
Search - Cu truy vn tm kim c th cui URL cho cc script CGI.
Target - Ging thuc tnh TARGET ca <LINK>.
onClick - Xy ra khi ngi s dng nhn vo link.
onMouseOver - Xy ra khi con chut di chuyn qua link.
I TNG MATH
i tng Math l i tng ni ti trong JavaScript. Cc thuc tnh ca i tng ny
cha nhiu hng s ton hc, cc hm ton hc, lng gic ph bin. i tng Math
khng c chng trnh x l s kin.
Vic tham chiu ti number trong cc phng thc c th l s hay cc biu thc c
nh gi l s hp l.
4.1.16. CC THUC TNH
E
LN2
- Hng s Euler, khong 2,718.

- logarit t nhin ca 2, khong 0,693.
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50
LN10
- logarit t nhin ca 10, khong 2,302.
LOG2E - logarit c s 2 ca e, khong 1,442.
PI
- Gi tr ca , khong 3,14159.
SQRT1_2 - Cn bc 2 ca 0,5, khong 0,707.
SQRT2 - Cn bc 2 ca 2, khong 1,414.
4.1.17. CC PHNG THC
Math.abs (number) - Tr li gi tr tuyt i ca number.
Math.acos (number) - Tr li gi tr arc cosine (theo radian) ca number.
Gi tr ca number phi nmg gia -1 v 1.
Math.asin (number) - Tr li gi tr arc sine (theo radian) ca number. Gi
tr ca number phi nmg gia -1 v 1.
Math.atan (number) - Tr li gi tr arc tan (theo radian) ca number.
Math.ceil (number) - Tr li s nguyn nh nht ln hn hoc bng number.
Math.cos (number) - Tr li gi tr cosine ca number.
Math.exp (number) - Tr li gi tr e^ number, vi e l hng s Euler.
Math.floor (number) - Tr li s nguyn ln nht nh hn hoc bng
number.
Math.log (number) - Tr li logarit t nhin ca number.
Math.max (num1,num2) - Tr li gi tr ln nht gia num1 v num2
Math.min (num1,num2) - Tr li gi tr nh nht gia num1 v num2.
Math.pos (base,exponent) - Tr li gi tr base lu tha exponent.
Math.random (r) - Tr li mt s ngu nhin gia 0 v 1. Phwong thc ny
ch thc hin c trn nn tng UNIX.
Math.round (number) - Tr li gi tr ca number lm trn ti s nguyn
gn nht.
Math.sin (number) - Tr li sin ca number.
Math.sqrt (number) - Tr li cn bc 2 ca number.
Math.tan (number) - Tr li tag ca number.
I TNG DATE
i tng Date l i tng c sn trong JavaScript. N cung cp nhiu phng
thc c ch x l v thi gian v ngy thng. i tng Date khng c thuc tnh v
chng trnh x l s kin.
Phn ln cc phng thc date u c mt i tng Date i cng. Cc phng thc gii
thiu trong phn ny s dng i tng Date dateVar, v d:
dateVar = new Date ('August 16, 1996 20:45:04');
4.1.18. CC PHNG THC

dateVar.getDate() - Tr li ngy trong thng (1-31) cho dateVar.
dateVar.getDay() - Tr li ngy trong tun (0=ch nht,...6=th by) cho
dateVar.
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51
dateVar.getHours() - Tr li gi (0-23) cho dateVar.

dateVar.getMinutes() - Tr li pht (0-59) cho dateVar.
dateVar.getSeconds() - Tr li giy (0-59) cho dateVar.
dateVar.getTime() - Tr li s lng cc mili giy t 00:00:00 ngy
1/1/1970.
dateVar.getTimeZoneOffset() - Tr li dch chuynbng pht ca gi a
phng hin ti so vi gi quc t GMT.
dateVar.getYear()-Tr li nm cho dateVar.
Date.parse (dateStr) - Phn tch chui dateStr v tr li s lng cc mili
giy tnh t 00:00:00 ngy 01/01/1970.
dateVar.setDay(day) - t ngy trong thng l day cho dateVar.
dateVar.setHours(hours) - t gi l hours cho dateVar.
dateVar.setMinutes(minutes) - t pht l minutes cho dateVar.
dateVar.setMonths(months) - t thng l months cho dateVar.
dateVar.setSeconds(seconds) - t giy l seconds cho dateVar.
dateVar.setTime(value) - t thi gian l value, trong value biu din s
lng mili giy t 00:00:00 ngy 01/01/10970.
dateVar.setYear(years) - t nm l years cho dateVar.
dateVar.toGMTString() - Tr li chui biu din dateVar di dng GMT.
dateVar.toLocaleString()-Tr li chui biu din dateVar theo khu vc thi
gian hin thi.
Date.UTC (year, month, day [,hours] [,minutes] [,seconds]) - Tr li s
lng mili giy t 00:00:00 01/01/1970 GMT.
I TNG STRING
i tng String l i tng c xy dng ni ti trong JavaScript cung cp nhiu
phng thc thao tc trn chui. i tng ny c thuc tnh duy nht l di (length)
v khng c chng trnh x l s kin.
4.1.19. CC PHNG THC
str.anchor (name) - c s dng to ra th <A> (mt cch ng). Tham
s name l thuc tnh NAME ca th <A>.
str.big() - Kt qu ging nh th <BIG> trn chui str.
str.blink() - Kt qu ging nh th <BLINK> trn chui str.
str.bold() - Kt qu ging nh th <BOLD> trn chui str.
str.charAt(a) - Tr li k t th a trong chui str.
str.fixed() - Kt qu ging nh th <TT> trn chui str.
str.fontcolor() - Kt qu ging nh th <FONTCOLOR = color>.
str.fontsize(size) - Kt qu ging nh th <FONTSIZE = size>.
str.index0f(srchStr [,index]) - Tr li v tr trong chui str v tr xut hin
u tin ca chui srchStr. Chui str c tm t tri sang phi. Tham s index
c th c s dng xc nh v tr bt u tm kim trong chui.
str.italics() - Kt qu ging nh th <I> trn chui str.
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52
str.lastIndex0f(srchStr [,index]) - Tr li v tr trong chui str v tr xut

hin cui cng ca chui srchStr. Chui str c tm t phi sang tri. Tham
s index c th c s dng xc nh v tr bt u tm kim trong chui.
str.link(href) - c s dng to ra mt kt ni HTML ng cho chhui
str. Tham s href l URL ch ca lin kt.
str.small() - Kt qu ging nh th <SMALL> trn chui str.
str.strike() - Kt qu ging nh th <STRIKE> trn chui str.
str.sub() - To ra mt subscript cho chui str, ging th <SUB>.
str.substring(a,b) - Tr li chui con ca str l cc k t t v tr th a ti v
tr th b. Cc k t c m t tri sang phi bt u t 0.
str.sup() - To ra superscript cho chui str, ging th <SUP>.
str.toLowerCase() - i chui str thnh ch thng.
str.toUpperCase() - i chui str thnh ch hoa.
CC PHN T CA I TNG FORM

Form c to bi cc phn t cho php ngi s dng a thng tin vo. Khi , ni
dung (hoc gi tr) ca cc phn t s c chuyn n mt chng trnh trn server qua
mt giao din c gi l Common Gateway Interface(Giao tip qua mt cng chung) gi
tt l CGI
S dng JavaScript bn c th vit nhng on scripts chn vo HTML ca bn lm
vic vi cc phn t ca form v cc gi tr ca chng.
Bng ?: Cc phn t ca form
Phn t
button
checkbox
FileUpload
M t
L mt nt bm hn l nt submit hay nt reset
(<INPUT TYPE="button">)
Mt checkbox (<INPUT TYPE="checkbox">)
L mt phn t ti file ln cho php ngi s dng gi ln mt file
(<INPUT TYPE="file">)
hidden
Mt trng n (<INPUT TYPE="hidden">)
password
Mt trng text nhp mt khu m tt c cc k t nhp vo u hin

th l du (*)(<INPUT TYPE="password">)
radio
Mt nt bm (<INPUT TYPE="radio">)
reset
Mt nt reset(<INPUT TYPE="reset">)
Mt danh sch la chn
select
(<SELECT><OPTION>option1</OPTION>
<OPTION>option2</OPTION></SELECT>)
submit
Mt nt submit (<INPUT TYPE="submit">)
text
Mt trng text (<INPUT TYPE="text">)
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textArea
53
Mt trng text cho php nhp vp nhiu dng
<TEXTAREA>default text</TEXTAREA>)
Mi phn t c th c t tn JavaScript truy nhp n chng qua tn

4.1.20. THUC TNH TYPE
Trong mi phn t ca form u c thuc tnh type, l mt xu ch nh r kiu ca
phn t c a vo nh nt bm, mt trng text hay mt checkbox...
Xu c th l mt trong cc gi tr sau:
Text field: "text"
Radio button: "radio"
Checkbox: "checkbox"
Hidden field: "hidden"
Submit button: "submit"
Reset button: "reset"
Password field: "password"
Button: "button"
Select list: "select-one"
Multiple select lists: "select-multiple"
Textarea field: "textarea"
4.1.21. PHN T BUTTON
Trong mt form HTML chun, ch c hai nt bm c sn l submit v reset bi v d liu
trong form phi c gi ti mt vi a ch URL (thng l CGI-BIN script) x l v
lu tr.
Mt phn t button c ch nh r khi s dng th INPUT:
<INPUT TYPE="button" NAME="name" VALUE= "buttonName">
Trong th INPUT, name l tn ca button, thuc tnh VALUE c cha nhn ca button s
c hin th trn Navigator ca browser.
Ch c mt th s kin duy nht i vi button l onClick. Kt hp vi n l cch thc
duy nht click.Phn t buttton c kh nng m rng cho php ngi lp trnh JavaScript
c th vit c mt on m lnh JavaScript thc thi vic thm vo mt nt bm
trong mt script.
Trong v d sau, thay v s dng onChange, bn c th chnh sa script nh gi biu
thc khi button c bm.
V d: nh gi mt form s dng phn t button.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>button Example</TITLE>
function calculate(form) {
form.results.value = eval(form.entry.value);
}
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54

</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM METHOD=POST>
Enter a JavaScript mathematical expression:
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="entry" VALUE="">
<BR>
The result of this expression is:
<INPUT TYPE=text NAME="results" onFocus="this.blur();">
<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Calculate" onClick="calculate(this.form);">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.1.22. PHN T CHECKBOX

Cc phn t checkbox c kh nng bt tt dng chn hoc khng chn mt thng tin.
Cc checkbox c nhiu thuc tnh v cch thc hn button. Bng di y l danh sch
cc thuc tnh v cc cch thc ca phn t checkbox.
Bng . Cc thuc tnh v cch thc ca phn t checkbox.
Cch thc v thuc
tnh
M t
checked
Cho bit trng thi hin thi ca checkbox (thuc tnh)
defaultChecked
Cho bit trng thi mc nh ca phn t (thuc tnh)
name
Cho bit tn ca phn t c ch nh trong th INPUT (thuc

tnh)
value
Cho bit gi tr hin thi ca phn t c ch nh trong th

INPUT (thuc tnh)
click()
M t mt click vo checkbox (Cch thc)
Phn t checkbox ch c mt th s kin l onClick

V d: To hp checkbox nhp vo mt s ri la chn tnh nhn i v bnh phng:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>checkbox Example</TITLE>
<SCRIPT>
function calculate(form,callingField) {
if (callingField == "result") { // if(1)
if (form.square.checked) {
// if(2)
form.entry.value = Math.sqrt(form.result.value);
}
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55
else {
form.entry.value = form.result.value / 2;
}
//end if(2)
}
else{
// if(3)
form.result.value=form.entry.value*form.entry.value;
}
else {
form.result.value = form.entry.value * 2;
}
//enfzd if(3)
}//end if(1)
}//end function
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM METHOD=POST>
Value: <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="entry" VALUE=0
onChange="calculate(this.form,this.name);">
<BR>
Action (default double): <INPUT TYPE=checkbox NAME=square
onClick="calculate(this.form,this.name);">
Square
<BR>
Result: <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="result" VALUE=0
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Trong script ny, bn thy cch s dng th s kin onClick cng nh thuc tnh
checked l mt gi tr kiu Boolean c th dng lm iu kin trong cu lnh if...else
Bn c th thm mt checkbox tn l square vo form. Nu hp ny c check, chng
trnh s ly gi tr ca n, nu khng, mt thc thi c mc nh s nhn i gi tr ca
n. Th s kin onClick trong checkbox c nh ngha:
(<INPUT TYPE=checkbox NAME=square onClick= "calculate( this.form, this.name);"> )
Khi nu ngi dng thay i mt cu lnh khc, form s c tnh ton li.
to ra s m rng cho checkbox. bn c th thay i hm calculate() nh sau:
if (callingField == "result") { // if (1)
// if (2)
}
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56
else {
//end if(2)
}
else {
if (form.square.checked) { // if (3)
}
else {
}
// end if (3)
}
// end if (1)
}
4.1.23. PHN T FILE UPLOAD

Phn t ny cung cp cho form mt cch ngi s dng c th ch r mt file a vo
form x l. Phn t file Upload c ch nh r trong JavaScript bng i tng
FileUpload.
i tng ch c hai thuc tnh l name v value, c hai u l gi tr xu nh cc i
tng khc. Khng c cch thc hay th file cho i tng ny.
4.1.24. PHN T HIDDEN
Phn t hidden l phn t duy nht trong s tt c cc phn t ca form khng c hin
th trn Web browser. Trng hidden c th s dng lu cc gi tr cn thit gi ti
server song song vi s xut ra t form (form submission) nhng n khng c hin th
trn trang. Mi ngi c th s dng trong JavaScript lu cc gi tr trong sut mt
script v tnh ton khng cn form.
i tng hidden ch c hai thuc tnh l name v value, cng l nhng gi tr xu
ging cc i tng khc. Khng c cch thc hay th s kin no cho i tng ny.
4.1.25. PHN T PASSWORD
i tng Password l i tng duy nht trong cc i tng ca form m khi g bt k
k t no vo cng u hin th du sao(*). N cho php a vo nhng thng tin b mt
nh ng k mt khu...
i tng Password c 3 thuc tnh ging trng text l: defaultValue, name v value.
Khng ging vi hai phn t trn, trng Password c nhiu cch thc hn(focus(),
blur(), and select() ) v tng ng vi cc th s kin: onFocus, onBlur, and onSelect.
Phn ny s c ni k hn trong i tng text.
4.1.26. PHN T RADIO
i tng radio gn ging s bt tt checkbox khi c hai nt radio kt hp thnh mt
nhm. Khi nhiu radio c kt hp thnh mt nhm, ch c mt nt c chn trong bt
k mt thi im no. V d dng lnh sau to ra mt nhm radio c ba nt tn l test:
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="test" VALUE="1" chECKED>1<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="test" VALUE="2">2<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="test" VALUE="3">3<BR>
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57
Nhm cc nt radio li bng cch t cho chng c cng mt tn trong cc th INPUT.

C mt vi thuc tnh kim tra trng thi hin thi ca mt nhm nt radio. Bng sau
hin th cc thuc tnh v cch thc ca i tng radio.
Bng? . Cc thuc tnh v cch thc ca i tng radio.
Thuc tnh v cch
thc
M t
checked
M t trng thi hin thi ca phn t radio (thuc tnh)
defaultChecked
M t trng thi mc nh ca phn t (thuc tnh)
index
M t th t ca nt radio c chn hin thi trong mt nhm
length
M t tng s nt radio trong mt nhm
name
M t tn ca phn t c ch nh trong th INPUT (thuc

tnh)
value
M t gi tr hin thi ca phn t c nh ra trong th INPUT

(thuc tnh)
click()
M phng mt click trn nt radio (cch thc)
Cng nh checkbox, radio ch c mt th s kin l onClick.

Khng c bt k mt i tng form no c thuc tnh index v length. Do mt nhm
radio gm nhiu phn t radio, nn chng c t trong mt mng cc nt radio v c
nh s t 0. Trong v d nhm radio c tn test trn, nu nhm nm trong mt form
c tn l "testform", bn c th gi ti nt radio th hai bng tn "testform.test[1]" v c
th kim tra gi tr ca n bng "testform.test[1].checked"
minh ho r cch dng i tng radio, ta xem v d sau:
V d:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>radio button Example</TITLE>
<SCRIPT>
if (callingField == "result") {
if (form.action[1].checked) {
} else {
}
} else {
if (form.action[1].checked) {
} else {
}
}
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58
}
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM METHOD=POST>
Value: <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="entry" VALUE=0
onChange="calculate(this.form,this.name);"> <BR>
Action:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="action" VALUE="twice"
onClick="calculate(this.form,this.name);"> Double<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="action" VALUE="square"
onClick="calculate(this.form,this.name);"> Square <BR>
Result: <INPUT TYPE=text NAME="result" VALUE=0
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Trong v d ny, s thay i t checkbox trn l rt kh nhn bit. Thay cho mt

checkbox trong v d trc, y ta s dng hai nt radio vi hai gi tr khc nhau:
double v square
Nh ta bit c th truy nhp n cc nt radio qua mt mng, do hai nt ny c th
truy nhp bng action[0] v action[1]. Bng cch ny, bn ch cn thay i tham chiu
n hm calculate() t form.square.checked thnh form.action[1].checked.
4.1.27. PHN T RESET
S dng i tng reset, bn c th tc ng ngc li click vo nt Reset. Cng ging
i tng button, i tng reset c hai thuc tnh l name v value, v mt cch thc
click(), mt th s kin onClick.
Hu ht nhng ngi lp trnh khong s dng th s kin onClick ca nt reset kim
tra gi tr ca nt ny, i tng reset thng dng xo form.
V d sau minh ho cch s dng nt reset xo cc gi tr ca form.
V d:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>reset Example</TITLE>
function clearForm(form) {
form.value1.value = "Form";
form.value2.value = "Cleared";
}
//SCRIPT>
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59
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM METHOD=POST>
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="value1"><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="value2"><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="reset" VALUE="Clear Form" onClick="clearForm(this.form);">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
4.1.28. PHN T SELECT

Danh sch la chn trong cc form HTML xut hin menu drop-down hoc danh sch
cun c ca cc i tng c th c la chn. Cc danh dch c xy dng bng
cch s dng hai th SELECT v OPTION. V d:
<SELECT NAME="test">
<OPTION SELECTED>1
<OPTION>2
<OPTION>3
</SELECT>
to ra ba thnh phn ca menu th drop-down vi ba la chn 1,2 v 3. S dng thuc

tnh SIZE bn c th to ta mt danh sch cun vi s phn t hin th ln th nht.
bt menu drop-down trong mt menu cun vi hai thnh phn hin th, bn c th s dng
nh sau:
<SELECT NAME="test" SIZE=2>
<OPTION SELECTED>1
<OPTION>2
<OPTION>3
</SELECT>
Trong c hai v d trn, ngi s dng ch c th c mt la chn. Nu s dng thuc tnh

MULTIPLE, bn c th cho php ngi s dng la chn nhiu hn mt gi tr trong
danh sch la chn:
<SELECT NAME="test" SIZE=2 MULTIPLE>
<OPTION SELECTED>1
<OPTION>2
<OPTION>3
</SELECT>
Danh sch la chn trong JavaScript l i tng select. i tng ny to ra mt vi

thnh phn tng t cc button v radio.
Vi cc thnh phn la chn, danh sch cc la chn c cha trong mt mng c
nh s t 0. Trong trng hp ny, mng l mt thuc tnh ca i tng select gi l
options.
C vic la chn cc option v tng phn t option ring bit u c nhng thuc tnh. B
sung thm vo mng option, phn t select c thuc tnh selectedIndex, c cha s th t
ca option c la chn hin thi.
Mi option trong danh sch la chn u c mt vi thuc tnh:
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60
DEFAULTSELECTED: cho bit option c c mc nh l la chn trong

th OPTION hay khng.
INDEX: cha gi tr s th t ca option hn thi trong mng option.
SELECTED: cho bit trng thi hin thi ca option
TEXT: c cha gi tr ca dng text hin th trn menu cho mi option, v
thuc tnh value mi gi tr ch ra trong th OPTION.
i tng select khng c cc cch thc c nh ngha sn. Tuy nhin, i tng select
c ba th s kin, l onBlue, onFocus, onChange, chng u l nhng i tng text.
V d bn c danh sch la chn sau:
<SELECT NAME="example" onFocus="react();">
<OPTION SELECTED VALUE="Number One">1
<OPTION VALUE="The Second">2
<OPTION VALUE="Three is It">3
</SELECT>
Khi ln u tin hin th bn c th truy nhp ti cc thng tin sau:

example.options[1].value = "The Second"
example.options[2].text = "3"
example.selectedIndex = 0
example.options[0].defaultSelected = true
example.options[1].selected = false
Nu ngi s dng kch vo menu v la chn option th hai, th th onFocus s thc

hin, v khi gi tr ca thuc tnh s l:
example.options[1].value = "The Second"
example.options[2].text = "3"
example.selectedIndex = 1
example.options[0].defaultSelected = true
example.options[1].selected = true
Sa cc danh sch la chn

Navigator 3.0 cho php thay i ni dung ca danh sch la chn t JavaScript bng cch
lin kt cc gi tr mi cho thuc tnh text ca cc thc th trong danh sch.
V d, trong v d trc, bn to ra mt danh sch la chn nh sau:
<SELECT NAME="example" onFocus="react();">

<OPTION SELECTED VALUE="Number One">1
<OPTION VALUE="The Second">2
<OPTION VALUE="Three is It">3
</SELECT>
C th thay i c dng text hin th trn nt th hai thnh "two"
bng:
example.options[1].text = "two";
C th thm cc la chn mi vo danh sch bng cch s dng i
tng xy dng Option() theo c php:
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61
newOptionName = new Option(optionText, optionValue, defaultSelected,

selected);
selectListName.options[index] = newOptionName;
Vic to i tng option() ny vi dng text c ch trc,
defaultSelected v selected nh trn nh ra nhng gi tr kiu
Boolean. i tng ny c lin kt vo danh sch la chn c
thc hin bng index.
Cc la chn c th b xo trong danh sch la chn bng cch gn gi
tr null cho i tng mun xo
selectListName.options[index] = null;
1.1 Phn t submit
Nt Submit l mt trng hp c bit ca button, cng nh nt Reset.
Nt ny a thng tin hin ti t cc trng ca form ti a ch URL
c ch ra trong thuc tnh ACTION ca th form s dng cch thc
METHOD ch ra trong th FORM.
Ging nh i tng button v reset, i tng submit c sn thuc
tnh name v value, cch thc click() v th s kin onClick.
1.2 Phn t Text
Phn t ny nm trong nhng phn t hay c s dng nht trong cc
form HTML. Tng t nh trng Password, trng text cho php
nhp vo mt dng n, nhng cc k t ca n hin ra bnh thng.
i tng text c ba thuc tnh:defautValue, name v value. Ba cch
thc m phng s kin ca ngi s dng: focus(), blur() v select().
C 4 th s kin l: obBlur, onFocus, onChange, onSelect. Ch cc
s kin ny ch thc hin khi con tr c kch ra ngoi trng
text.
Bng sau m t cc thuc tnh v cch thc ca i tng text.
Bng .Cc thuc tnh v cch thc ca i tng text.
Cch thc v thuc tnh M t
defaultValue
Ch ra gi tr mc nh ca phn t c ch ra
trong th INPUT (thuc tnh)
name
Tn ca i tng c ch ra trong th INPUT

(thuc tnh)
value
Gi tr hin thi ca phn t (thuc tnh)
focus()
M t vic con tr ti trng text (cch thc)
blur()
M t vic con tr ri trng text (cch thc)
select()
M t vic la chn dng text trong trng text

(cch thc)
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62
Mt ch quan trng l c th gn gi tr cho trng text bng cch

lin kt cc gi tr vi thuc tnh value. Trong v d sau y, dng text
c a vo trng u tin c lp li trong trng text th hai, v
mi dng text c a vo trng text th hai li c lp li trong
trng texxt th nht. Kh nng ny ca n c th p dng t ng
cp nht hoc thay i d liu.
V d. T ng cp nht cc trng text .
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>text Example</TITLE>
function echo(form,currentField) {
if (currentField == "first")
form.second.value = form.first.value;
else
form.first.value = form.second.value;
}
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM>
<INPUT
TYPE=text
NAME="first"
onChange="echo(this.form,this.name);">
<INPUT
TYPE=text
NAME="second"
onChange="echo(this.form,this.name);">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
1.3 Phn t Textarea
Th TEXTAREA cung cp mt hp cho php nhp s dng text do
ngi thit k nh trc. V d:
<TEXTAREA NAME="fieldName" ROWS=10 COLS=25>
Default Text Here
</TEXTAREA>
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63
v d ny to ra mt trng text cho php a vo 10 hng ,mi hng

25 k t. Dng "Defautl Text Here"s xut hin trong trng ny vo
ln hin th u tin.
Cng nh phn t text , JavaScript cung cp cho bn cc thuc tnh
defaultValue, name, v value, cc cch thc focus(), select(), v blur(),
cc th s kin onBlur, onForcus, onChange, onSelect.
2. Mng elements[]
Cc i tng ca form c th c gi ti bng mng elements[]. V
d bn to ra mt form sau:
<FORM METHOD=POST NAME=testform>
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="one">
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="two">
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="three">
</FORM>
bn c th gi ti ba thnh phn ny nh sau: document.elements[0],
document.elements[1], document.elements[2], hn na cn c th gi
document.testform.one, document.testform.two,
document.testform.three.
Thuc tnh ny thng c s dng trong cc mi quan h tun t
ca cc phn t hn l dng tn ca chng.
3. Mng form[]
Cc th s kin c thit k lm vic vi cc form ring bit hoc
cc trng mt thi im, n rt hu dng cho php gi ti cc
form c lin quan trong cng mt trang.
Mng form[] cp n y c th c nhiu xc nh cc nhn ca
form trn cng mt trang v have information in a single field match
in all three forms. C th gi bng document.forms[] thay v gi bng
tn form. Trong script ny, bn c hai trng text nhp v nm trn
hai form c lp vi nhau. S dng mng form bn c th tng tc
trn cc gi tr ca cc trng trong hai form cng mt lc khi ngi
s dng thay i gi tr trn mt form.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>forms[] Example</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM METHOD=POST>
<INPUT
TYPE=text
onChange="document.forms[1].elements[0].value = this.value;">
JavaScript
64
</FORM>
<FORM METHOD=POST>
<INPUT
TYPE=text
onChange="document.forms[0].elements[0].value = this.value;">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Mt khc, bn cng c th truy nhp n form bng tn form c t
trong th FORM:
<FORM METHOD=POST NAME="name">
Khi bn c th gi l document.forms["name"] hoc
document.name
4. Xem li cc lnh v m rng
Lnh/ M rng
Kiu
blur()
cch thc JavaScript M t vic dch chuyn con tr t

mt phn t
form.action
cch thc JavaScript Xu cha gi tr ca thuc tnh

ACTION trong th FORM
form.elemrnts
thuc
JavaScript
tnh mng cha danh sch cc phn t

trong form (nh checkbox, trng
text, danh sch la chn)
form.encoding
thuc
JavaScript
tnh xu cha kiu MIME s dng khi

chuyn thng tin t form ti server
form,name
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Xu cha gi tr thuc tnh NAME

trong th FORM
form.target
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Xu cha tn ca s ch bi mt
form submition
form.submit
cch thc JavaScript M t vic submit mt form HTML
type
thuc
JavaScript
onSubmit
Th s kin
th s kin cho vic submit
button
thuc tnh HTML
Thuc tnh kiu cho cc nt bm ca

HTML (<INPUT TYPE=button>)
checkbox
thuc tnh HTML
Thuc tnh kiu cho cc checkbox

ca
HTML
(<INPUT
TYPE=checkbox>)
M t
tnh nh x kiu ca mt phn t form

thnh mt xu.
JavaScript
65
pasword
thuc tnh HTML
Thuc tnh kiu cho cc dng

pasword
ca
HTML(<INPUT
TYPE=password>)
radio
thuc tnh HTML
Thuc tnh kiu cho cc nt radio ca

HTML (<INPUT TYPE=radio>)
reset
thuc tnh HTML
Thuc tnh kiu cho cc nt reset ca

HTML (<INPUT TYPE=reset>)
SELECT
th HTML
Hp th cho danh sch la chn
OPTION
th HTML
ch ra cc la chn trong danh sch

la
chn(<SELECT><OPTION>Option
1<OPTION>Option 2</SELECT>)
submit
thuc tnh HTML
Thuc tnh kiu ca nt submit

(<INPUT TYPE=submit>)
text
thuc tnh HTML
Thuc tnh kiu ca trng trong

form (<INPUT TYPE=text>)
TEXTAREA
Th HTML
Hp th cho nhiu dng

(<TEXTAREA>
defautl
</TEXTAREA>)
name
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Xu cha tn phn t HTML (button,

checkbox, password...)
value
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Xu cha gi tr hin thi ca mt

phn t HTML(button, checkbox,
password...)
click()
cch thc JavaScript M t vic kch vo mt phn t trn

form (button, checkbox,password)
onClick
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Th s kin cho s kin kch (button,

checkbox, radio button, reset,
selection list, submit)
checked
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Gi tr kiu Boolean m t mt la

chn check(checkbox, radio button)
defaultChecked
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Xu cha gi tr mc nh ca mt
phn t HTML (password, text,
textarea)
focus()
cch thc JavaScript M t vic con tr ti mt phn t

(password, text, textarea)
blur()
cch thc JavaScript M t vic con tr ri khi mt phn
text
text
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66
t (password, text, textarea)

select()
cch thc JavaScript M t vic la chn dng text trong

mt trng (password, text, textarea)
onFocus()
Th s kin
Th s kin cho s kin

focus(password, selection list, text,
textarea)
onBlur
Th s kin
Th s kin cho s kin blur

(password, selection list, text,
textarea)
onChange
Th s kin
Th s kin cho s kin khi gi tr

ca trng thay i (password,
selection list, text, textarea)
onSelect
Th s kin
Th s kin khi ngi s dng chn

dng text trong mt trng
(password, text, textarea)
index
thuc
JavaScript
tnh L mt s nguyn m t la chn

hin thi trong mt nhm la chn
(radio button)
length
thuc
JavaScript
tnh S nguyn m t tng s cc la chn

trong mt nhm cc la chn (radio
button)
dafautlSelected
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Gi tr Boolean m t khi c mt la

chn c t l mc nh (seledtion
list)
options
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Mng cc la chn trong danh sch

la chn
text
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Dng text hin th cho mt thnh

phn ca menu trong danh sch la
chn
TABLE
th HTML
Hp th cho cc bng HTML
TR
th HTML
Hp th cho cc hng ca mt bng

HTML
TD
th HTML
Hp th cho cc ca mt hng trong

mt bng HTML
COLSPAN
thuc tnh HTML
L thuc tnh ca th TD m t trong

mt ca bng c nhiu ct
ROWSPAN
thuc tnh HTML
L thuc tnh ca th TD m t trong
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67
mt ca bng c nhiu hng

BODER
thuc tnh HTML
document.forms[] thuc
JavaScript
L thuc tnh ca th TABLE m t

rng ng vin ca bng
tnh mng ca cc i tng form vi mt

danh sch cc form trong mt
document
string.substring()
cch thc JavaScript Tr li mt xu con ca xu string t

tham s v tr k t u n v tr k
t cui
Math.floor()
cch thc JavaScript Tr li mt gi tr nguyn tip theo

nh hn gi tr ca tham s a vo.
string.length
thuc
JavaScript
tnh Gi tr nguyn ca s th t k t
cui cng trong xu string
JavaScript
5.
68
M HNH I TNG (OBJECT MODEL)

I TNG V THUC TNH
Nh bit, mt i tng trong JavaScript c cc thuc tnh i km vi n.

Bn c th truy nhp n cc thuc tnh ca n bng cch gi :
objectName.propertyName
C tn i tng v tn thuc tnh u nhy cm. Bn nh ngha mt thuc tnh

bng cch gn cho n mt gi tr. V d, gi s c mt i tng tn l myCar (trong
trng hp ny gi s i tng ny tn ti sn sng). Bn c th ly cc thuc tnh c
tn make, model v year ca n nh sau:
myCar.make = Ford
myCar.model = Mustang
myCar.year = 69;
C mt mng lu tr tp hp cc gi tr tham chiu ti tng bin. Thuc tnh v

mng trong JavaScript c quan h mt thit vi nhau, thc ra chng ch khc nhau v cch
giao tip vi cng mt cu trc d liu. V d cng c th truy nhp ti cc thuc tnh ca
i tng myCar trn bng mng nh sau:
myCar[make] = Ford
myCar[model] = Mustang
myCar[year] = 69;
Kiu mng ny c hiu nh mt mng c kh nng lin kt bi mi mt phn t

trong u c th lin kt n mt gi tr xu no . minh ho vic my c thc
hin nh th no, hm sau y s hin th cc thuc tnh ca mt i tng thng qua
tham s v kiu i tng v tn i tng.
function show_props (obj, obj_name)
{
var result=
for (i in obj)
result=result+ obj_name + .+ i+ = + obj[i] + \n
return result
}
Khi gi hm show_props(myCar,myCar) s hin ln:

myCar.make = Ford
myCar.model = Mustang
myCar.year = 69;
TO CC I TNG MI
C JavaScript client-side v server-side u c mt s i tng c nh ngha trc.
Tuy nhin, bn cng c th to ra nhng i tng ca ring bn. Trong JavaScript 1.2,
nu bn ch mun to ra mt i tng duy nht ca mt kiu i tng, bn c th to n
JavaScript
69
bng cch s dng khi to i tng. Hoc nu bn mun to ra nhiu c th ca mt

kiu i tng, bn c th to ra mt hm xy dng trc, sau to ra cc i tng c
kiu ca hm bng ton t new
5.1.1. S DNG KHI TO I TNG
Trong nhng phin bn trc ca Navigator, bn ch c th to ra mt i tng bng
cch s dng hm xy dng chng hoc s dng mt hm c cung cp bi mt vi i
tng khc t c mc ch.
Tuy nhin, trong Navigator 4.0, bn c th to ra mt i tng bng cch s dng mt
khi to i tng.Bn s dng cch ny khi bn ch mun to ra mt c th n l ch
khng phi nhiu c th ca i tng.
C php to ra mt i tng bng cch khi to i tng (Object Initializers):
objectName={property1: value1, property2: value2,
..., propertyN: valueN}
Trong objectName l tn ca i tng mi, mi propertyI l mt xc minh

(c th l mt tn, mt s hoc mt xu k t) v mi valueI l mt biu thc m gi tr
ca n c gn cho propertyI. C th la chn khi to bng tn i tng hoc ch
bng cc khai bo. Nu nh bn khng cn dng n i tng trong mi ch, bn
khng cn phi gn n cho mt bin.
Nu mt i tng c to bng cch khi to i tng mc cao nht, mi ln
i tng xut hin trong cc biu thc, JavaScript s nh gi li n mt ln. Ngoi
ra, nu s dng vic khi to ny trong mt hm th mi ln gi hm, i tng s c
khi to mt ln
Gi s bn c cu lnh sau:
if (condition)
x={hi: there.}
Trong trng hp ny, JavaScript s to ra mt i tng v gn n vo bin x

nu biu thc condition c nh gi l ng
Cn v d sau to ra mt i tng myHonda vi 3 thuc tnh:
myHonda={color:red,wheels:4,engine:{cylinder:4,size:2.2}}
Ch rng thuc tnh engine cng l mt i tng vi cc thuc tnh ca n
Trong Navigator 4.0, bn cng c th s dng mt khi to to mt mng. C
php to mng bng cch ny khc vi to i tng:
arrayName=[element0, element1,...,elementN]
Trong , arrayName l tn ca mng mi, v mi elementI l gi tr ca phn t

v tr ca mng. Khi bn to mt mng bng cch s dng phng php khi to, th
n s coi mi gi tr l mt phn t trn mng, v chiu di ca mng chnh l s cc tham
s.
Bn khng cn phi ch nh r tt c cc phn t trn mng mi. Nu bn t hai
du phy vo hng, th mng s c to vi nhng chn trng cho nhng phn t cha
c nh ngha nh v d di y:
Nu mt mng c to bng cch khi to(initializer) mc cao nht, mi ln
mng xut hin trong cc biu thc, JavaScript s nh gi li n mt ln. Ngoi ra,
nu s dng vic khi to ny trong mt hm th mi ln gi hm, mng s c khi to
mt ln
V d1: To mt mng coffees vi 3 phn t v di ca mng l 3:
JavaScript
70
coffees = [French Roast,Columbian,Kona]
V d 2: To ra mt mng vi 2 phn t c khi u v mt phn t rng:

fish = [Lion, , Surgeon]
Vi biu thc ny, fish[0] l Lion, fish[2] l Surgeon, v fish[2] cha c

nh ngha
5.1.2. S DNG MT HM XY DNG(CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION)
Bn c th to ra i tng ca ring mnh vi hai bc sau:
1. nh ngha kiu ca i tng bng cch vit mt hm xy dng.
2. To ra mt c th ca i tng bng ton t new
nh ngha mt kiu i tng, ta phi to ra mt hm ch nh r tn, cc
thuc tnh v cc cch thc ca kiu i tng . V d gi s bn mun to mt kiu
i tng t vi tn l car, c cc thuc tnh make, model, year v color, thc hin
vic ny c th vit mt hm nh sau:
function car(make, model, year ){
this.make = make
this.model = model
this.year = year
}
Ch vic s dng ton t this gn gi tr cho cc thuc tnh ca i tng

phi thng qua cc tham s ca hm.
V d, bn c th to mt i tng mi kiu car nh sau:
mycar = new car(Eagle,Talon TSi,1993)
Cu lnh ny s to ra i tng mycar v lin kt cc gi tr c a vo vi cc

thuc tnh. Khi gi tr ca mycar.make l Eagle, gi tr ca mycar.model l Talon
TSi, v mycar.year l mt s nguyn 1993....C nh vy bn c th to ra nhiu i
tng kiu car.
Mt i tng cng c th c nhng thuc tnh m bn thn n cng l mt i
tng. V d bn nh ngha thm mt i tng khc l person nh sau:
function person(name, age, sex){
this.name=name
this.age=age
this.sex=sex
}
V sau ta to ra hai ngi mi:

rank = new person(Rank McKinnon,33,M)
ken = new person(Ken John,39,M)
By gi bn nh ngha li hm xy dng car nh sau:

function car(make, model, year,owner ){
this.make = make
this.model = model
this.year = year
this.owner = owner
}
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71
Nh vy bn c th to i tng kiu car mi:

car1 = new car(Eagle,Talon TSi,1993,rank)
car2 = new car(Nissan,300ZX,1992,ken)
Nh vy, thay v phi qua mt xu k t hay mt gi tr s khi to i tng, ta ch cn

a hai i tng c to cu lnh trn vo dng tham s ca i tng mi to. Ta
cng c th ly c thuc tnh ca i tng owner bng cu lnh sau:
car2.owner.name
Ch rng bn cng c th to ra mt thuc tnh mi cho i tng trc khi nh ngha

n, v d:
car1.color=black
Nh vy, thuc tnh color ca i tng car1 c gn l black. Tuy nhin, n s

khng gy tc ng ti bt k mt i tng kiu car no khc. Nu mun thm thuc
tnh cho tt c cc i tng th phi nh ngha li hm xy dng i tng.
5.1.3. LP MC LC CHO CC THUC TNH CA I TNG
Trong Navigator 2.0, bn c th gi thuc tnh ca mt i tng bng tn thuc
tnh hoc bng s th t ca n. Tuy nhin t Navigator 3.0 tr i, nu ban u bn nh
ngha mt thuc tnh bng tn ca n, bn s lun lun phi gi n bng tn, v nu bn
nh ngha mt thuc tnh bng ch s th bn cng lun lun phi gi ti n bng ch s.
iu ny ng dng khi bn to mt i tng vi nhng thuc tnh ca chng
bng hm xy dng (nh v d v kiu i tng car phn trc) v khi bn nh ngha
nhng thuc tnh ca ring mt i tng (nh mycar.color=red). V vy nu bn nh
ngha cc thuc tnh ca i tng ngay t u bng ch s nh mycar[5]=25 mpg, bn
c th ln lt gi ti cc thuc tnh khc nh mycar[5].
Tuy nhin iu ny l khng ng i vi nhng i tng tng ng ca HTML
nh mng form. Bn c th gi ti cc i tng trong mng bi s th t hoc tn ca
chng. V d th <FORM> th hai trong mt document c thuc tnh NAME l
myform th bn c th gi ti form bng document.form[1] hoc
document.form[myForm] hoc document.myForm
5.1.4. NH NGHA THM CC THUC TNH CHO MT KIU I
TNG
Bn c th thm thuc tnh cho mt kiu i tng c nh ngha trc bng
cch s dng thuc tnh property. Thuc tnh c nh ngha ny khng ch c tc dng
i vi mt i tng m c tc dng i vi tt c cc i tng khc cng kiu.V d
sau thc hin thm thuc tnh color cho tt c cc i tng kiu car, sau gn mt gi
tr mu cho thuc tnh color ca i tng car1:
car.prototype.color=null
car1.color=red
5.1.5. NH NGHA CC CCH THC

Mt cch thc l mt hm c lin kt vi mt i tng. Bn nh ngha mt
cch thc cng c ngha l bn nh ngha mt hm chun. Bn c th s dng c php
sau gn mt hm cho mt i tng ang tn ti:
object.methodname = function_name
JavaScript
72
Trong object l i tng ang tn ti, methodname l tn cch thc v

function_name l tn hm
Bn c th gi cch thc ny t i tng nh sau:
object.methodname(<tham s>)
Bn c th nh ngha cch thc cho mt kiu i tng bng cch a cch thc
vo trong hm xy dng i tng. V d bn c th nh ngha mt hm c th nh
dng v hin th cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng kiu car xy dng phn trc:
function displayCar () {
var result = Abeautiful+this.year+ + this.make + + this.model
document.write(result)
}
Bn c th thm cch thc ny vo cho i tng car bng cch thm dng lnh
sau vo hm nh ngha i tng
this.displayCar= displayCar;
Nh vy c th nh ngha li i tng car nh sau:

function car(make, model, year,owner ){
this.make = make
this.model = model
this.year = year
this.owner = owner
this.displayCar= displayCar
}
Sau , bn c th gi cch thc displayCar i vi mi i tng:

car1.displayCar()
car2.displayCar()
5.1.6. S DNG
REFERENCES)
CHO
CC
THAM
CHIU
TNG
(OBJECT
JavaScript c mt t kho c bit l this m bn c th s dng n cng vi mt

cch thc gi ti i tng hin thi. V d, gi s bn c mt hm validate dng
xc nhn gi tr thuc tnh ca mt i tng nm trong mt khong no :
function validate(obj, lowval, hival){
if ( (obj.value<lowdate)||(obj.value>hival) )
alert(Invalid value!)
}
Sau bn c th gi hm validate t mi th s kin onChange:
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=AGE SIZE=3
onChange=validate(this,18,99) >
Khi lin kt vi mt thuc tnh form, t kho this c th gi ti form cha ca i
tng hin thi. Trong v d sau, myForm c cha i tng Text v mt nt bm. Khi
ngi s dng kch vo nt bm, trng text s hin th tn form. Th s kin onClick ca
nt bm s dng this.form gi ti form cha l myForm.
<FORM NAME=myForm>
Form name:<INPUT TYPE=text NAME=text1 VALUE=Beluga>
<P>
JavaScript
73
<INPUT TYPE=button NAME=button1

value=Show Form Name
onClick=this.form.text1.value=this.form.name>
</FORM>
5.1.7. XO I TNG
Trong JavaScript cho Navigator 2.0, bn khng th xo cc i tng-chng vn
tn ti trong khi bn ri khi trang . Trong khi JavaScript cho Navigator 3.0 cho
php bn c th xo mt i tng bng cch t cho n tr ti gi tr Null (nu nh l
ln cui cng gi ti i tng). JavaScript s ng i tng ngay lp tc thng qua
biu thc gn.
JavaScript
6.
74
BNG TNG KT CC T KHO
Sau y l cc t oc nh ngha l mt phn trong ngn ng JavaScript v khng c

s dng l tn bin:
abstract
eval
int
static
boolean
extends
interface
super
break
false
long
switch
byte
final
native
synchrinized
case
finally
new
this
catch
float
null
throw
char
for
package
throws
class
function
parseFloat
transient
const
goto
parseInt
true
continue
if
private
try
default
implements
protected
var
do
import
public
void
double
in
return
while
else
instanceof
short
with
JavaScript
7.
75
TNG KT
Nh vy, ti liu khng nhng gii thiu s qua v JavaScript, m n cn l sch tham
kho ht sc hu ch pht trin ng dng ca bn.
Bn c th tham kho ton din JavaScript trong quyn Teach Yourself JavaScript in 14
Days, hoc JavaScript Guide
Do JavaScript l ngn ng cn mi v c s thay i nhanh chng, bn nn n vi trang
Web ca hng Netscape ( http://www.netscape.com ) c cc thng tin mi nht v
ngn ng ny.

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JavaScript

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

CHNG 2 NHP MN JAVASCRIPT

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

Thuc tnh SRC c th c nh r bng a ch URL, cc lin kt hoc cc ng dn

Cc file JavaScript bn ngoi khng c cha bt k

Nu server khng nh x c ui .js ti kiu MIME application/x-javascript , Navigator

2.3. TH <NOSCRIPT> V </NOSCRIPT>

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

Hnh 2.3: Minh ho th NOSCRIPT

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

V d: Cch thc write() xut ra th HTML

V d: S khc nhau ca write() v writeln():

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

Khi duyt s c kt qu:

Hnh 2.5: S khc nhau ca write() v writeln()

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

liu vo. Ngi s dng c th nhp vo trng ri kch vo OK. Khi , ta c th x

Khi duyt c kt qu:

Hnh2.1: Hin th ca s nhp tn

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

Hnh 2.2: Hin th li cho ngi nhp

Hp cha cc lnh JavaScript

Gi a ch ca file JavaScript bn ngoi. File ny

nh r ngn ng script c s dng

nh du ghi ch mt dng trong on script

nh du ghi ch mt khi trong on script

Xut ra mt xu trn ca s hin thi mt cch

Tng t cch thc document.write() nhng vit

Hin th mt dng thng bo trn hp hi thoi

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

Hin th mt dng thng bo trong hp hi thoi

CHNG 3 BIN TRONG JAVASCRIPT

3.3. KIU D LIU

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

1.1.3. KIU LOGIC (BOOLEAN)

biu din du nhy kp ( " ), trong chui s dng ( \" ), v d:

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

NH NGHA V PHN LOI BIU THC

Nu iu kin condition c nh gi l ng, biu thc nhn gi tr

Trong v d ny bin state c gn gi tr "liquid" nu gi tr ca bin temp

Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri bng ton hng bn phi

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri khc ton hng bn phi

Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri ln hn ton hng bn phi

Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri ln hn hoc bng ton

Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri nh hn ton hng bn

Tr li gi tr ng nu ton hng bn tri nh hn hoc bng ton

Ton t phn d, tr li phn d khi chia var1 cho var2

Ton t ph nh, c gi tr ph nh ton hng

Ton t ny tng var ln 1 (c th biu din l ++var)

Ton t ny gim var i 1 (c th biu din l --var)

L ton t logic AND, tr li gi tr ng nu c

L ton t logic OR, tr li gi tr ng nu t nht

L ton t logic NOT ph nh gi tr ca expr.

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

C mt s ton t dch chuyn bitwise rt gn:

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

C th chia cc lnh ca JavaScript thnh ba nhm sau:

Khoa Toan tin, i hc Quc gia H Ni

3.1.1. VNG LP FOR