Examples

SoFA
version 1.0
Solved Examples
Konstantinos Nikolaou
Dimitris Pitilakis
ShallOw Foundation Analysis Software

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki 2012
SoFA
version.1.1
Solved Examples
Konstantinos Nikolaou
Dimitris Pitilakis
ShallOw Foundation Analysis software

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki 2013
SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software
Solved Examples
Contents
Contents .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 3
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Example # 1 Rectangular foundation - Cohesive soil ...................................................................... 4
Example # 2 Rectangular Foundation Cohesionless soil ................................................................. 8
Example # 3 Foundation on Cohesionless soil .............................................................................. 13
Example # 4 Earthquake Bearing Capacity ................................................................................... 18
Example # 5 Settlement Calculation .............................................................................................. 23
Further Reading ................................................................................................................................ 27
Appendix - List of symbols............................................................................................................... 28
Solved Examples
Acknowledgements
We thank Prof. Christos Anagnostopoulos from the Dept. of Civil Engineering of AUTh for the
scientific guidance. We thank Konstantinos Trevlopoulos (AUTh) for his very useful remarks. Also
we thank Ivan Kraus (University of Osijek) for his comments and for the contribution of the symbols
list and the third solved example.
Introduction
This manual contains solved examples that were used to validate SoFA v.1.1.
For an advanced description of the algorithms and formulas used, consult the analytical users
manual.
If you discover what you think is a bug, report it here. Please try to include all SoFA reports.
All loads are considered to act at the base of the footing and NOT at the
theoretical point of column fixity (for more information check out the analytical
users' manual).
SoFA does NOT calculate the footing self weight.
Solved Examples
Example # 1 Rectangular foundation - Cohesive soil

Calculate the ultimate static bearing capacity of the shallow foundation depicted in fig. 1.
Figure 1
x =
y 154.5
x 1931.25
=
= 0.1 m & y =
=
= 1.25 m
1545
1545
x = 2 x = 2 2 0.1 = 1.8 m
y = y 2 y = 4 2 1.25 = 1.5 m
= min Bx , By = 1.5 m & = Lx , Ly = 1.8 m
<
= + + = 19 1 + 18 2 1 + 0 = 37 kPa
For cohesive soils under undrained loading conditions according to Eurocode 7:

= . +
c = 1 + 0.2
=
c =
1.5
= 1 + 0.2
= 1.17
1.8
x2 + y2 =
202 + 1002 = 102 kN
1 1
1 1
102
+ 1
= + 1
= 0.89
2 2
u 2 2
1.5 1.8 100
= 5.14 100 1.17 0.89 1 + 37 = 572.2 kPa
= = 572.2 1.5 1.8 = 1545 kN
Solved Examples
Calculation performed using SoFA:
Figure 2
Click the Bearing Capacity button to access window showing the Safety Factory for Static Load Case:
Figure 3
Solved Examples
Shallow Foundation Bearing Capacity

------------------------------------------------------------Kostis Nikolaou (sofa.eng@gmail.com)
Dimitris Pitilakis
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki - 2012
------------------------------------------------------------Geometry of the problem
* Dimentions(dx/dy) = 2.000 x 4.000 [m]
* Depth of foundation (df) = 2.000 [m]
* Depth of water level(dw) = 1.000 [m]
* Foundation base inclination(omega) = 0.000 [rad.]
* Soil inclination(beta)
= 0.000 [rad.]
Design Loads - Static Load Case
* Vd = 1545.000 [kN]
* Hdx = 20.000 [kN]
* Hdy = 100.000 [kN]
* Mdx = 1931.250 [kNm]
* Mdy = 154.500 [kNm]
Soil Properties
* Type = C [C: cohessive CL: cohesionless]
* Loading= UN [D: drained UN: undrained]
* phik = 0.0 [deg.]
* ck = 0.0 [kPa] - drained shear strength
* cuk = 100.0 [kPa] - undrained shear strength
* soil Weight = 19.00 [kN/m^3]
=============================================================
Eccentricities (Static Load Case): ex = 0.10 ey = 1.25 [m]
Effective Dimentions: 1.500 x 1.800 [m]
Effective Area: 2.700 [m^2]
------------------------------------------------------------Bearing Capacity Check -- Undrained Conditions -- Static Load Case

------------------------------------------------------------* Eurocode 7 (2004)
sc=1.167 | ic=0.894 | bc=1.000 |
- qu_un = 573.359 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 1548.069[kN]
- Vu/1.40 = qu*B*L/1.40 = 1105.764[kN] < 1545.000 [kN] - NOT ok - FS = qu/N*Aeff = 1.002
* EAK (2000)
sc=1.167 | ic=0.971 |
- qu_un = 618.989 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 1671.272[kN]
- Vu/1.40= qu*B*L/1.40 = 1193.765[kN] < 1545.000 [kN] - NOT ok - FS = qu/N*Aeff = 1.082
* DIN4017 (2006)
sc=1.167 | ic=0.894 | bc=1.000 | gc=1.000 |
- qu_un = 573.359 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 1548.069[kN]
Solved Examples

* Meyerhof (1953,1963)
sc=1.167 | ic=0.918 | dc=1.267 |
sq=1.000 | iq=0.918 | dq=1.000 |
- qu_un = 631.535 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 1705.145[kN]
* Hansen (1970)
sc=0.003 | ic=0.019 | bc=0.000 | gc=0.000 | dc=0.444 |
- qu_un = 734.360 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 1982.771[kN]
Solved Examples
Example # 2 Rectangular Foundation Cohesionless soil

Calculate the ultimate static bearing capacity of the shallow foundation depicted in fig. 2.
Figure 4
x =
y 900.8
x 900.8
=
= 0.2 m & y =
=
= 0.2 m
4504
4504
x = x 2 x = 2 2 0.2 = 1.6 m
y = y 2 y = 2 2 0.2 = 1.6 m
= min Bx , By = 1.6m & = Lx , Ly = 1.6 m
< < + =
= + .
= f + = 18 1 + 19 1 + 0 = 37 kPa
w f + sat w f + w
19
2.5
2
+
20
10
(2
+ 1.6 2.5)
=
= 12.81 kN/m3
1.6
=
For cohesionless soils under drained loading conditions, according to Eurocode 7:

1
u = c c c c + q q q q +
2
= tan2

35
+
= 2
+
35 = 33.3
4 2
4 2
= 2 q 1 = 2 33.3 1 35 = 45.2
= 1 +
1.6
= 1 +
35 = 1.57
1.6

= 1 0.3
x2 + y2 =
Solved Examples
1.6
= 1 0.3
= 0.7
1.6
450.42 + 450.42 = 636.96
= cos 2 + sin2 = 1.5

2+/
2+/
= 1+/ = 1.5 & = 1+/ = 1.5
q =
= 1
636.96
4504 + 0
1.5
= 0.795
+1
= 1
bq = b = 1
636.96
4504 + 0
2
2.5
= 0.683
= 1.0
1
u = 0 + 1 18 + 1 19 33.3 1.57 0.795 + 1.6 12.81 45.2 0.7 0683
2
= 1759.3 kPa
u = u = 1759.3 1.6 1.6 = 4504 kN
Figure 5
Click the Bearing Capacity button to access the windows showing the Safety Factory for Static Load
Case and the Ultimate Bearing Capacity:
Solved Examples
Figure 6
Figure 7
10
Solved Examples

Dimitris Pitilakis
= 0.000 [rad.]
* Vd = 4504.000 [kN]
* Hdx = 450.400 [kN]
* Hdy = 450.400 [kN]
* Mdx = 900.800 [kNm]
* Mdy = 900.800 [kNm]
Soil Properties
* Type = CL [C: cohessive CL: cohesionless]
* Loading= D [D: drained UN: undrained]
* phik = 35.0 [deg.]
=============================================================
------------------------------------------------------------Bearing Capacity Check -- Drained Conditions -- Static Load Case
------------------------------------------------------------* Eurocode 7 (2004)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=0.504 | bc=1.000 |
Ng=45.228 | sg=0.700 | ig=0.683 | bg=1.000 |
Nq=33.296 | sq=1.574 | iq=0.796 | bq=1.000 |
- qu_dr = 1761.196 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 4508.662[kN]
* EAK (2000)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 |
Ng=45.228 | sg=0.700 | ig=0.815 |
Nq=33.296 | sq=1.700 | iq=0.852 |
- qu_dr = 2046.046 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 5237.879[kN]
- Vu/1.40 = qu*B*L/1.40 = 3741.342 < 4504.000 [kN] - NOT ok - FS = qu/N*Aeff = 1.163 [kPa]
* DIN 4017 (2006)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 | bc=1.000 | gc=1.000 |
Ng=45.228 | sg=0.700 | ig=0.683 | bg=1.000 | gg=1.000 |
Nq=33.296 | sq=1.574 | iq=0.796 | bq=1.000 | gq=1.000 |
11
Solved Examples
- qu_dr = 1761.196 [kPa]

- Vu = qu*B*L = 4508.662[kN]
* Meyerhof (1953,1963)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 | dc=1.000 |
Ng=37.152 | sg=1.369 | ig=0.593 | dg=1.240 |
Nq=33.296 | sq=1.369 | iq=0.829 | dq=1.240 |
- qu_dr = 2112.816 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 5408.809[kN]
* Hansen(1970)
Nc=1.000 |
Ng=33.921 | sg=0.600 | ig=0.696 | bg=1.000 | gg=1.000 | dg=1.000 |
Nq=33.296 | sq=1.444 | iq=0.774 | bq=1.000 | gq=1.000 | dq=1.318 |
- qu_dr = 1957.807 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 5011.985[kN]
12
Solved Examples
Example # 3 Foundation on Cohesionless soil

Calculate both the ultimate static bearing capacity and the safety factor for the strip foundation
founded on the layer of sand as depicted below.
Figure 8
The geometry of the foundation, the vertical load and the soil properties given here match the same of
the Camus 4 specimen tested within the framework of the Training and Mobility of Researchers of the
5th Topic Shear Wall Structures of the European Program ICONS (Innovative Seismic Design
Concepts for New and Existing Structures). The data used here is provided at http://wwwtamaris.cea.fr/media/resultats/CAMUS4/Camus4.pdf. The safety factor used for calculation of the
bearing capacity for the sand below the specimen was aimed to be between values of 2,34 and 3,24.
The foundation is not embedded into the sand.
For cohesionless soils under drained loading conditions, according to Eurocode 7:
bearing factors:
'
35
N q tan 2 45 e tan ' tan 2 45 e tan 35 33,30

2
2
N c N q 1 / tan ' 33,30 1 / tan 35 46,13
N 2 N q 1 tan ' 2 33,30 1 tan 35 45,23
shape factors:
B
0,8
sin ' 1
sin 35 1,22
L
2,1
s q N q 1 1 33,30 1
sc
1,23
Nq 1
33,30 1
sq 1
s 1 0,3
B
0,8
1 0,3
0,89
L
2,1
2 L / B 2 2,1 / 0,8
1,28
1 L / B 1 2,1 / 0,8
2 B / L 2 0,8 / 2,1
mB
1,72
1 B / L 1 0,8 / 2,1
mL
m mL cos 2 mB sin 2 1,28 cos 2 0 1,72 sin 2 0 1,28
13
Solved Examples
inclination factors:
m
1, 28
H
0
1
i q 1
1
c'
0
V BL
196,2 0,8 2,1
tan '
tan 35
iq N q 1 1 33,30 1
ic
1
Nq 1
33,30 1
i 1
c'
V BL
tan '
m 1
1
0
196,2 0,8 2,1
tan 35
11, 28
base inclination factors:
bq b 1 tan '2 1 0 tan 352 1
bc
bq N q 1
Nq 1
1 33,30 1
1
33,30 1
qu c'Nc sc ic bc po'N q sq iq bq 0,5 B' 'N s i b

qu 0 46,13 1,23 11 0 33,30 1,22 11 0,5 0,8 18 45,23 0,89 1 0 0 289,834 289,834 kPa
SF
qu
289,834
2,48
V / B L 196,2 / 0,8 2,1
14
Solved Examples
Using SoFA:
Figure 9
Figure 10
15
Solved Examples
Figure 11

Dimitris Pitilakis
* Depth of water level(dw) = Inf [m]
= 0.000 [rad.]
* Vd = 196.200 [kN]
* Hdx = 0.000 [kN]
* Hdy = 0.000 [kN]
* Mdx = 0.000 [kNm]
* Mdy = 0.000 [kNm]
Soil Properties
* phik = 35.0 [deg.]
=============================================================
-------------------------------------------------------------
16
Solved Examples
* Eurocode 7 (2004)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 | bc=1.000 |
Ng=45.228 | sg=0.886 | ig=1.000 | bg=1.000 |
Nq=33.296 | sq=1.219 | iq=1.000 | bq=1.000 |
- qu_dr = 288.425 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 484.554[kN]
- Vu/1.00 = qu*B*L/1.00 = 484.554[kN] > 196.200 [kN] - ok - FS = qu/N*Aeff = 2.470
* EAK (2000)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 |
Ng=45.228 | sg=0.886 | ig=1.000 |
Nq=33.296 | sq=1.267 | iq=1.000 |
- qu_dr = 288.425 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 484.554[kN]
- Vu/1.00 = qu*B*L/1.00 = 484.554 > 196.200 [kN] - ok - FS = qu/N*Aeff = 2.470 [kPa]
* DIN 4017 (2006)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 | bc=1.000 | gc=1.000 |
Ng=45.228 | sg=0.886 | ig=1.000 | bg=1.000 | gg=1.000 |
Nq=33.296 | sq=1.219 | iq=1.000 | bq=1.000 | gq=1.000 |
- qu_dr = 288.425 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 484.554[kN]
* Meyerhof (1953,1963)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 | dc=1.000 |
Ng=37.152 | sg=1.141 | ig=1.000 | dg=1.000 |
Nq=33.296 | sq=1.141 | iq=1.000 | dq=1.000 |
- qu_dr = 305.102 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 512.571[kN]
* Hansen(1970)
Nc=1.000 |
Ng=33.921 | sg=0.848 | ig=1.000 | bg=1.000 | gg=1.000 | dg=1.000 |
Nq=33.296 | sq=2.506 | iq=1.000 | bq=1.000 | gq=1.000 | dq=1.000 |
- qu_dr = 207.015 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 347.785[kN]
17
Solved Examples
Example # 4 Earthquake Bearing Capacity

Calculate the ultimate earthquake bearing capacity of a 4mXinf strip foundation
Figure 12
For Cohesionless soil according to Eurocode 8 part 5 - Annex F:
= 0.5 = 0.5 1.15 2.943 1.0 = 1.6922

d
= 2
= tan
36
1.25
m
s2
= 30.167

30.2
+
= 2
+
30.2 = 18.75
4 2
4
2
= 2 1 = 2 18.82 1 30.2 = 20.64
1
v
1
2
2
1
1.6922
= 1650 1
42 20.64 = 2211.67 kN
2
mx =
mx
0.3 1.15
= 0.594
30.2o
18
Solved Examples
Rd Ed 1 4504
=
= 2.037
mx
2211.67
Rd Ed 1 450.4
=
=
= 0.204
mx
2211.67
Rd Ed
1 4493
=
=
= 0.102
mx
4 2211.67
=
, , , =
1 >0
Foundation is UNSAFE
Figure 13
19
Solved Examples
Click the Calculate button to access the window Input for Eurocode 8 Annex F criterion:
Figure 14
You can modify Nmax or F calculated value at will. Click the Bearing Capacity button to access the
window showing the Safety Factory for Earthquake Load Case:
Figure 15
20
Solved Examples

Dimitris Pitilakis
* Dimentions(dx/dy) = 4.000 x Inf [m]
* Depth of water level(dw) = Inf [m]
= 0.000 [rad.]
* Vd = 1.000 [kN]
* Hdx = 0.000 [kN]
* Hdy = 0.000 [kN]
* Mdx = 0.000 [kNm]
* Mdy = 0.000 [kNm]
Design Loads - Earthquake Load Case
* Ved = 4504.000 [kN]
* Hex = 450.400 [kN]
* Hey = 0.000 [kN]
* Mex = 0.000 [kNm]
* Mey = 900.800 [kNm]
Soil Properties
* phik = 30.2 [deg.]
=============================================================
Effective Dimentions: 4.000 x 1[m] - Strip
------------------------------------------------------------* Eurocode 7 (2004)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 | bc=1.000 |
Ng=20.637 | sg=1.000 | ig=1.000 | bg=1.000 |
Nq=18.753 | sq=1.000 | iq=1.000 | bq=1.000 |
- qu_dr = 1275.432 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 5101.727[kN]
* EAK (2000)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 |
Ng=20.637 | sg=1.000 | ig=1.000 |
Nq=18.753 | sq=1.000 | iq=1.000 |
21
Solved Examples
- qu_dr = 1275.432 [kPa]

- Vu = qu*B*L = 5101.727[kN]
- Vu/1.40 = qu*B*L/1.40 = 3644.091 > 1.000 [kN] - ok - FS = qu/N*Aeff = 5101.727 [kPa]
* DIN 4017 (2006)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 | bc=1.000 | gc=1.000 |
Ng=20.637 | sg=1.000 | ig=1.000 | bg=1.000 | gg=1.000 |
Nq=18.753 | sq=1.000 | iq=1.000 | bq=1.000 | gq=1.000 |
- qu_dr = 1275.432 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 5101.727[kN]
* Meyerhof (1953,1963)
Nc=1.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 | dc=1.000 |
Ng=16.116 | sg=1.000 | ig=1.000 | dg=1.087 |
Nq=18.753 | sq=1.000 | iq=1.000 | dq=1.087 |
- qu_dr = 1227.150 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 4908.599[kN]
* Hansen(1970)
Nc=1.000 |
Ng=15.478 | sg=1.000 | ig=1.000 | bg=1.000 | gg=1.000 | dg=1.000 |
Nq=18.753 | sq= Inf | iq=1.000 | bq=1.000 | gq=1.000 | dq=1.000 |
- qu_dr = 1195.723 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = 4782.894[kN]
------------------------------------------------------------Bearing Capacity Check -- Earthquake Load Case
------------------------------------------------------------* EAK (2000)
Nc=0.000 | sc=1.000 | ic=1.000 |
Ng=601.400 | sg=20.637 | ig=1.000 |
Nq=607.210 | sq=18.753 | iq=1.000 |
- qu_dr = 1208.610 [kPa]
- Vu = qu*B*L = Inf[kN]
- Vu/1.3 = qu*B*L/1.3 = Inf > 4504.000 [kN] - ok - FS = qu/N*Aeff = Inf [kPa]
* Eurocode 8_5 (2004)- Annex F(Informative)
shape factor sc = 1.00
Ntot = Nmax*L*sc = 2211.34
X direction
- n = grd*Ned/Ntot = 2.0368
- v = grd*Ved/Ntot = 0.2037
- m = grd*Med/(B*Ntot) = 0.1018
- F = 0.5936
- c = 99.0000 > 0.00 - NOT ok - SF = 0.1934
Y direction
- n = grd*Ned/Ntot = 2.0368
- v = grd*Ved/Ntot = 0.0000
- m = grd*Med/(B*Ntot) = 0.0000
- F = 0.5936
- c = 99.0000 > 0.00 - NOT ok - SF = 0.3533
22
Solved Examples
Example # 5 Settlement Calculation

Calculate the settlements for example 1.
For a Cohesive soil both immediate and settlements due to consolidation have to be calculated
A. Immediate Settlements
im
1 2
=
I = 0.770 (tables from NAVFAC [14])
1545
= 193.125 kPa
24
B=2m
v = 0.45 Poissons ratio
E = 15 MPa
=
im = 15.812 mm
B. Due to Consolidation
We define four points and calculate the stresses
Layer
1
2
3
4
Depth
z
[m]
2.5
3.5
5
8
Initial
stress
[kPa]
31
39
51
75
Load
stress
[kPa]
124.73
74.35
40.21
15.89
Is
0.646
0.385
0.208
0.082
Total
stress
[kPa]
155.73
113.35
91.21
90.89
OCR
stress
465
585
765
1125
Thickness
[m]
1
1
2
4
Settlement
[mm]
21.76
14.38
15.67
10.36
62.17
Load stresses and Is factor are calculated using the formulas described in Bowles [5], chapter 5.
Integrating Boussinesq equation over a rectangle of dimentions B x L (Newmark 1935 [15]) gives:
v = 0 s
s =
=
1 2 +1
+ 1 2
4
+ 1
& = (s = 1 = 0 m)
= 2 + 2 + 1
1 =
Is is calcutated for point A.
23
Solved Examples
Settlements due to consolidation are calculated:
If tot
> OCR
i = i
0.1 C
OCR
C
tot
log
+
log
i
1 + 0
1 + 0
init
OCR
If tot
< OCR
i = i
0.1 C
tot
log
1 + 0
init
Total Settlements: 15.8 + 62.2 = 78.0 mm
Figure 16

All other data is the same as in the Example #1
24
Solved Examples
Settlements
-2
-3
-4
z [m]
-5
-6
-7
-8
Immediate
Due to consolidation
Total
-9
-10
10
15
20
25
w(z) [mm]
30
35
40
Figure 17
Shallow Foundation Settlements

-------------------------------------------Kostis Nikolaou (sofa.eng@gmail.com)
Dimitris Pitilakis
-------------------------------------------Geometry of the problem
* Maximum depth of interest zmax = 10.000 [m]
* Stratum thickness H = Inf [m]
Loads
* Vd/Area = 193.125 [kPa]
Soil Properties
* modulus of elasticity E = 15000.000 [kPa]
* Poison ratio n = 0.450 [-]
-----------------------------Immediate Settlements
-----------------------------I = 0.770 [-]
- DHimed = I*p*B*(1-v^2)/E = 15.812 [mm]
25
Solved Examples
-----------------------------Settlements due to Consolidation

-----------------------------Initial Stresses
Depth: 2.50|Initial Stress: 31.00[kPa]|Is= 0.646 |Load Stress: 124.73 [kPa]|Total Stress: 155.73 | DHi: 21.76
[mm]
Depth: 3.50|Initial Stress: 39.00[kPa]|Is= 0.385 |Load Stress: 74.35 [kPa]|Total Stress: 113.35 | DHi: 14.38 [mm]
Settl.consol:
- DHcons = 62.1657 [mm]
TOTAL Settl.: 77.9781 [mm]
26
Solved Examples
Further Reading
Greek
[1] ., ., ., .(2012). ,
. ,
[2] ., . (2009), " ", ,
[3] EAK 2000 (2000),

[4] ., ., ., ., ., .
(1999), " , ", ...
,
English
[5] Bowles J.E. (1997), "Foundation Analysis and Design", 5th edition, McGrow-Hill, New York
[6] Bond . (2008), "Decoding Eurocode 7", Taylor & Francis
[7] CE de Normalisation (1998), Eurocode 7 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: General
rules
[8] CE de Normalisation (1998), Eurocode 8 Design of Structures for earthquake resistancePart 1:
General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings
[9] Combescure, D. and. Chaudat, Th. (2000) ICONS european program seismic tests on r/c walls
with uplift; camus iv specimen, Individual Study, ICONS project Rapport, SEMT/EMSI/RT/00-27/4,
CEA, Direction des Racteurs Nuclaires, Dpartement de Mcanique et de Technologie, 2000, Paris,
France. Available at: http://www-tamaris.cea.fr/media/resultats/CAMUS4/Camus4.pdf
[10] Deutsche Norm (2006), DIN 4017 Soil: Calculation of design bearing capacity of soil beneath
shallow foundations
[11] Frank R., Bauduin C., Driscoll R., Kavvadas M., Krebs Ovesen N., Orr T. and Schuppener B.
(2004) , Designers' Guide to EN 1997-1 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design - General Rules, Thomas
Telford
[12] Hansen J. B. (1970), A Revised and Extended Formula for Bearing Capacity Danish
Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, bulletin No. 28.
[13] Meyerhof G. G. (1963), Some recent research on the bearing capacity of foundations Canadian
Geo-technical Journal,No. 1, 1626.
[14] Meyerhof G. G. (1953), The bearing capacity of foundations under eccentric or inclined loads
3rd Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found., Zurich,,Vol.1,pp.440-445
[15] Naval Facilities Eng. Command NAVFAC (1986), Foundations and earth structures Design
manual 7.2
[16] Newmark, N.M., (1935) Simplified computation of vertical stress below foundations.,Univ. of
Illinois Engineering Experiment Station, Circular 24, Urbana, Illinois, 19 p. (as referenced by Holtz
and Kovacs, 1981).
[17] Smith . (2006), "Smith's Elements of Soil Mechanics", Wiley
[18] Terzaghi K., Peck P.B. (1967), Soil Mechanics in Engineering practice, John Wiley and Sons,
New York
27
Solved Examples
Appendix - List of symbols

Latin letters
av
design ground acceleration in the vertical direction
ag
design ground acceleration on type A ground
Aeff
effective area of the footing
bi
the design values of the factors for the inclination of the base, with subscripts c for
cohesion , q for surcharge and for weight density
the foundation width
B'
the effective foundation width
soil cohesion
c'
cohesion of soil in terms of effective stress
cu
undrained shear strength of soil
c'k
cohesion (for drained loading)
Cc
compression index
di
the design values of the factors for the depth of foundation, with subscripts c for
df
depth of foundation
dw
depth of water level
eo
gap percentage
the eccentricity of the resultant action
Youngs modulus of elasticity
seismic inertia force (dimensionless)
FS
factor of safety
gi
the design values of the factors for the soil inclination, with subscripts c for
stratum thickness
Hx
horizontal force in x direction
Hy
horizontal force in y direction
ii
the inclination factor of the load, with subscripts c for cohesion , q for surcharge and
for weight density
Is
influence factor
the foundation length
28
Solved Examples
the effective foundation length
exponent in formulas for the inclination factor i
Mx
moment about xx axis
My
moment about yy axis
the bearing capacity factors, with subscripts cohesion c, surcharge q and weight
density
Nmax
ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation under a vertical load
overburden or surcharge pressure at the level of the foundation base
the design effective overburden pressure at the level of the foundation base
qu
bearing capacity of the shallow foundation
si
the shape factors of the foundation base, with subscripts c for cohesion , q for
surcharge and for weight density
soil factor as defined in EN 1998-1
the vertical load
Vu
ultimate vertical load
actual soil pressure
po
loading on foundation depth
po
effective overburden pressure
vertical distance (depth)
Greek letters
the inclination of the foundation base to the horizontal
soil inclination according to DIN 4017
weight of the soil under the foundation
the design effective weight of the soil below the foundation level
importance factor
dry soil unit weight
sat
saturated soil unit weight
the settlement of the corner of a rectangular base
Poissons ratio
angle of internal friction
'k
effective angle of internal friction
uk
friction angle for undrained cohesive soils
29

'init
initial stress
'OCR
OCR stress
'tot
total stress
Solved Examples
Abbreviations
OCR
over-consolidation ratio
For calculations, the following units or their multiples are recommended:

force
[kN]
mass
[kg]
mass density
[kg/m3]
moment
[kNm]
pressure
[kPa]
stiffness
[kPa]
strength
[kPa]
stress
[kPa]
weight density
[kN/m3]
30
http://sofasoftware.weebly.com/

Examples

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Examples

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SoFA

ShallOw Foundation Analysis Software

ShallOw Foundation Analysis software

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Example # 1 Rectangular foundation - Cohesive soil

= min Bx , By = 1.5 m & = Lx , Ly = 1.8 m

For cohesive soils under undrained loading conditions according to Eurocode 7:

202 + 1002 = 102 kN

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Calculation performed using SoFA:

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Shallow Foundation Bearing Capacity

------------------------------------------------------------Bearing Capacity Check -- Undrained Conditions -- Static Load Case

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

- Vu/1.40= qu*B*L/1.40 = 1105.764[kN] < 1545.000 [kN] - NOT ok - FS = qu/N*Aeff = 1.002

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Example # 2 Rectangular Foundation Cohesionless soil

= min Bx , By = 1.6m & = Lx , Ly = 1.6 m

For cohesionless soils under drained loading conditions, according to Eurocode 7:

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

= cos 2 + sin2 = 1.5

= 1+/ = 1.5 & = 1+/ = 1.5

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Shallow Foundation Bearing Capacity

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

- qu_dr = 1761.196 [kPa]

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Example # 3 Foundation on Cohesionless soil

N q tan 2 45 e tan ' tan 2 45 e tan 35 33,30

N c N q 1 / tan ' 33,30 1 / tan 35 46,13

N 2 N q 1 tan ' 2 33,30 1 tan 35 45,23

m mL cos 2 mB sin 2 1,28 cos 2 0 1,72 sin 2 0 1,28

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

196,2 0,8 2,1

196,2 0,8 2,1

base inclination factors:

bq b 1 tan '2 1 0 tan 352 1

qu c'Nc sc ic bc po'N q sq iq bq 0,5 B' 'N s i b

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Shallow Foundation Bearing Capacity

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Example # 4 Earthquake Bearing Capacity

For Cohesionless soil according to Eurocode 8 part 5 - Annex F:

= 0.5 = 0.5 1.15 2.943 1.0 = 1.6922

= 2 1 = 2 18.82 1 30.2 = 20.64

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Calculation performed using SoFA:

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Shallow Foundation Bearing Capacity

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

- qu_dr = 1275.432 [kPa]

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Example # 5 Settlement Calculation

I = 0.770 (tables from NAVFAC [14])

Is is calcutated for point A.

SoFA: Shallow Foundation Analysis Software

Settlements due to consolidation are calculated:

Total Settlements: 15.8 + 62.2 = 78.0 mm

- Vu/1.40= quBL/1.40 = 1105.764[kN] < 1545.000 [kN] - NOT ok - FS = qu/N*Aeff = 1.002