Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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C KB
C KCH T
BNG NCVC
C KB 1
PHA
C KB 3
PHA
C ROTO DY
QUN
C ROTO
LNG SC
C ROTO
DY QUN
C VNG
CHP
C KIU
PHN NG
C DNG
NCVC
C ROTO LNG
SC
C C CUN
DY PH
C KIU IN
DUNG
V Ch Li
C B
C M MY
BNG IN TR
trang 1
Bi 2: CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA NG C
KHNG NG B RTO LNG SC
I/. Cu to.
C cu ng c khng ng b (CKB) tu theo kiu loi v bc kn hoc h, l
do h thng lm mt bng cnh qut thng gi t bn trong hay bn ngoi ng c.
Nhn chung CKB c hai phn chnh l phn tnh v phn quay.
1/. Phn tnh
Phn tnh hay cn gi l stato gm hai b phn chnh l li thp v dy qun
a). Li thp:
L b phn dn t ca my c dng hnh tr rng, li thp c lm bng cc l
thp k thut in dy 0,35 n 0,5 mm, c dp theo hnh vnh khn, pha trong c
x rnh t dy qun v c sn ph trc khi ghp li.
b). Dy qun:
Dy qun stato lm bng dy ng hoc dy nhm (loi dy email) t trong cc
rnh ca li thp.
Hai b phn chnh trn cn c cc b phn ph bao bc li thp l v my c
lm bng nhm hoc gang dng gi cht li thp pha di l chn bt cht
vo b my, hai u c hai np lm bng vt liu cng loi vi v my, trong np c
(hay cn gi l bc) dng trc quay ca rto.
Mc treo
Cnh qut
Chp gi
10
Cun dy
2
Bc n
6
8
11
1
Khung
Lp
7
9
Rotor
Hp u ni
Trc
NG C IN
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a/ stato ng c KB
b/ rto
Hnh 1.2: hnh dng rto v stato
f
p
(vng/pht)
trong : f- l tn s ca ngun in
p- l s i cc ca dy qun stato
V Ch Li
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n1
100%
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V Ch Li
Z
(rnh)
2p
trang 5
S
= 1800
= 1800
= 1800
= 1800
S
Hnh 2.1: t cc v cch u dy to t cc xen k.
Z 36
=
= 9 (rnh)
2p 4
- Bc di: y >
Bc bi dy .
Bc bi dy ngn.
Bc bi dy di.
Hnh 2.2: Dy qun bc , bc ngn, bc di.
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tri
Phi
3/. Cnh dy
L cc cnh tc dng ca bi dy c lng
vo rnh. Mi bi dy c hai cnh tc dng khi
cho dng in i vo mt u bi dy v i ra
u u
u cui
u cn li, bc chuyn dch dng in qua
C
hai cnh tc dng ca bi dy lc ngc
Hnh 2.3: Qui c cc tnh bi dy
chiu nhau.
Nh vy, khi b tr trn s hai cnh tc
dng ca cng mt bi dy phi b tr trn hai
khong cc t ln cn khc nhau.
Bc bi dy (bc dy qun), l khong
cch gia hai cnh tc dng ca cng mt bi
dy.
Nu trn s ta c nh s th t cho tng
rnh stato th khong cch y c th tnh bng
hiu s gia hai s th t ca 2 rnh ang cha 2
cnh tc dng ca bi dy .
Vy cnh tc dng th nht c lng vo
rnh 2 th cch 8 rnh s lng rnh cn li.
u ni bi dy l phn lin kt hai cnh tc
dng ca bi dy, tu theo cch lin kt u ni
ta c th i c dng dy qun, nhng khng
thay i v tr rnh phn pha dy qun. Hay
ni cch khc l i cch xy dng s dy
qun cc u ni ca bi dy.
4/. Nhm bi dy
Trong mt pha cc nhm bi dy c hnh thnh t cc bi dy v ph thuc vo
dng dy qun ng thi ph thuc vo s rnh phn phi trn mt pha trn mi
khong bc cc t b tr cc bi dy theo cc rnh nht nh.
Tu theo dng dy qun ng khun hoc ng tm, tp trung hay phn tn ta s
b tr s dy qun khc nhau.
a). Nhm bi dy qun ng khun.
Nhm bi dy ny c bc t cc cc bi dy iu bng nhau nn chng c cng
mt khun nh hnh, cc bi dy trong nhm ny cng c ni tip vi nhau cng
chiu v c b tr trn stato cc rnh k cn to thnh cc t cc xen k nhau.
V Ch Li
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a/
b/
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6/. Gc in.
Gc in l i lng c tnh theo thi gian, c n v tnh l in, khc vi
hnh hc.
= 1800
S
= 1800
= 1800
= 1800
= 1800
= 1800
p.360 0
Z
(gc in)
Gc lch pha gia hai rnh k tip nhau tnh theo hnh hc.
hh
360 0
=
(gc hnh hc)
Z
Gc lch pha gia hai pha lin tip nhau tnh theo n v rnh
=
00
(rnh)
V Ch Li
trang 9
S
C
S
C
N
C
X
Hnh 3.1: u dy to t cc tht
2P = 4
N
S
N
S
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Lu :
: Ch chiu dng in i vo cnh dy.
: Ch chiu dng in i ra cnh dy.
Trong qu trnh u dy cc nhm bi dy trong mt pha trng hp q nguyn ta
p dng theo qui tc sau:
- Khi tng s nhm bi dy trong mt pha bng s i cc P ta p dng u cc
gi.
- Khi tng s nhm bi dy trong mt pha bng s cc 2P ta p dng u cc tht.
V Ch Li
trang 11
Z
2p
(rnh)
q =
(rnh)
m
Z
3. p
(rnh)
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V d p dng
Cho stato ca mt ng c khng ng b ba pha c 24 rnh, s cc cn thc hin 2p =
4 cc. Hy xy dng s khai trin dy qun bc , ng khun, tp trung 1 lp n
gin, 3 pha lch nhau 1200 in.
Bc 1 : Tng s rnh Z = 24; 2p = 4. ta k cc on thng song song cch u ng vi s
rnh stato nh sau:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4
Z
24
=
=6
2p
4
(rnh)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4
V Ch Li
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Bc 5: Tnh gc lch pha gia hai pha k tip nhau tnh theo s rnh.
=
Z
24
=
= 4 rnh
3. p 3.2
Sau khi tnh ra ta thy hai pha k tip nhau cch nhau 4 rnh, c biu din nh sau
(pha th nht vo rnh 1 u tin, pha th 2 s vo rnh s 5, pha th 3 s vo rnh s 9)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4
qA
qC
qB
qA
qC
qB
qA
qC
qB
qA
qC
Bc 6 : Xy dng s khai trin cho mt pha dy qun, ta thc hin cc cng on sau:
- V s khai trin tng nhm bi dy cho mt pha tng ng vi q tnh.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4
A1
X1
A2
X2
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4
V pha th ba.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2
3 4 5 6 7
8 9 20 1 2 3 4
2
A
V Ch Li
2
Y
trang 15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4
a
a
b
Hnh 3.11: S khai trin dy qun ng khun tp trung 1 lp(3 pha lch nhau1200).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4
a
a
b
1
A
Hnh 3.12: S khai trin dy qun ng khun tp trung 1 lp (3 pha lch nhau 2400).
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2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4
b
a
b
a
A
Hnh 3.13: S khai trin dy qun dng ng tm xp lp (3 pha lch nhau 1200)..
1
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4
b
a
b
a
A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
Y a
V Ch Li
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9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
X
Hnh 3.16: S cun chy dy qun qut trn. (Z = 16; 2p = 8).
b). Cun .
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
X
Hnh 3.17: S cun dy qun qut trn. (Z = 16; 2p = 8).
a
b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 201 2 3 4
c
d
c
d
A
1
Hnh 3.18: S ng c 1 pha (Z = 24; 2P = 2).
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a
b
c
d
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4
a1
b1
c1
d1
a1
b1
c1
d1
A
V Ch Li
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Dt
bg
Sau khi tnh ton xong ta ly trn m chn phi ln hn s liu tnh nhng s t
cc lun l s chn.
Trong : Dt ng knh trong ca stato (cm).
bg- B dy gng li thp stato.
Bc 2: Xc nh tc quay ca ng c.
n=
60. f
p
(vng/pht).
Trong : f tn s (Hz).
P s i cc ng c.
Bc 3: Tnh bc t cc:
=
.Dt
2p
(cm).
Bc 4: T thng mi cc:
(Wb)
Trong : L chiu di ca stato (cm).
2
B - Mt t (Wb/m ). Tra bng 4.1
Bng 4.1:
= 0, 64. .L.B .104
Loi qut
B (Wb/m )
Qut trn c t
Qut bn c t
Qut bn nht
0,45
0,5
0,6
B
Loi C 1
pha
(Wb/m2)
2p = 2
0,65
2p 4
0,7
K E .U dm
4, 44. f ..K dq
(vng/pha).
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Bng 4.2:
Loi ng c
ng c 1 pha v 3 pha
Qut c t in
H s KE
0,75
0,8
NA
QA
(vng/bi)
(mm2).
d1 + d 2
d
.d 2
)(h 2 ) +
2
2
8
(mm2)
f r .S r
Na
(mm2).
N a .d cd2
0,75
S r .0,8
V Ch Li
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i vi C khi ng vi t ho:
S vng dy ca pha c xc nh.
NB = 0,6. NA
(vng/pha).
i vi C vn hnh vi t du thng trc:
S vng dy ca pha c xc nh.
NB = 0,5. NA
(vng/pha).
Tnh s vng dy mi bi cun :
Nb =
NB
QB
Pdm =UP.IP..Cos
Trong : Up: in p nh mc pha (V).
Ip: Dng in nh mc pha (A)
Hiu sut c th ch t: 0,85
Bc 14: Chn t lm vic cho ng c: (theo kinh nghim).
Theo nguyn l lm vic ca ng c khng ng b th t in chim phn quan
trng trong qu trnh khi ng v thng dng t in cho ng c l t in giy
du thng tnh bng Fara nhng hin ti trn th trng khng c t 1 Fara nn ta c
th dng c ca Fara c k hiu l: McroFara ( F ) v cng c th dng t ho.
in dung ca t c tnh theo cng thc sau:
C=
2000.I
( F )
U .cos
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V Ch Li
trang 23
Dt
bg
Sau khi tnh ton xong ta ly trn m chn phi ln hn s liu tnh nhng s t
cc lun l s chn.
Bc 2: Xc nh tc quay ca ng c.
n=
60. f
p
(vng/pht).
Trong : f tn s (Hz).
P s i cc ng c.
Bc 3: Tnh bc t cc:
=
.Dt
2p
(cm).
Bc 4: T thng mi cc:
= 0, 64. .L.B .104
(Wb)
K E .U dm
4, 44. f ..K dq
(vng/pha).
Np
(vng/bi)
QA
N
i vi dy qun 2lp: N p = 2. p (vng/bi)
QA
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(mm2).
(mm2)
Bc 8: Tit din dy dn Sd
Sd =
f r .Sr
Nb
(mm2).
N b .d d2
0, 75
Sr .0,8
Pdm = 3.UP.IP..Cos
Chn Cos vi 2p=2 - Cos 0,75
2p=2 - Cos 0,75
V Ch Li
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l/2
l
L
L
Chiu di rnh stato
(2,5 5)
trang 26
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3
V Ch Li
trang 27
Kp
kp khun
khun
u ni
Cnh tc dng
KL
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H s KLc xc nh nh sau:
KL =
. .( Dt + hr )
Z
2p
. . ( Dt + ht )
Z
.1,35.(80 + 14)
36
= 11, 07 (mm)
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2
1
a/
b/
Trong thc t, qun dy l cng vic phc tp, v kch thc to ra phi ph hp
vi khong cch cho php ca thn stato, thng qua ta c th qun tng bi dy
hoc cc bi lin tip trong cng mt nhm bi. Do v tr ca khun v kp khun
c t nh v bn.
Sau khi lm khun xong, ta tin hnh qun cc bi dy ca nhm bi dy qun cho
cc pha v chuyn sang cc bc sau.
2/. Chn dy in t qun ng c in.
Khi sa cha bt c mt my in no, tt nht l ly mu tht y cc s liu:
Quy cch dy qun, trng lng, s vng, tnh cht cch in, cch u dyQun li
ng nh c, my s vn hnh an ton m bo cc tiu chun k thut ca nh ch
to.
Thc t th trng hin nay c ba loi dy: Dy trn, dy dt
Dy trn thng c bc cch in bng si bng, la, t thu tinh hoc men
cch in (trng may) c gi l dy in t.
V Ch Li
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V Ch Li
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Bi 5: U DY V HN MI NI
1/. u dy.
Trong phn ny ta cn thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Quan st s ph hp cc s nh du v u dy ra so vi s tri, s u
dy.
t thang o VOM v v tr Rx1 ri chnh kim ch th v 0.
t 2 que o VOM vo tng cp u cun dy qun mi pha kim tra s lin
mch ca pha. Nu gi tr R vo khong vi m n vi chc m l cun dy lin
mch.
m th cc u dy ni theo s u dy nh cc v tr ni dy vi dy dn
ra cho ph hp.
Ct cc u dy ra ca mi pha dy qun ch cha cc on ni ph hp bng
bng km ct dy.
X cc ng gen vo cc dy cn ni.
Co lp may cch in bng dao con v giy nhm cc v tr u ni, ri ni dy
theo s ni dy.
Bc cc mi ni bng ng gen.
Xp gn cc u ni cho thm m ri ai gn, chc chn bng si cotton.
2/. Phng php hn mi ni.
Hn cc mi ni ca cc nhm bi dy.
Khi hn cn phi thc hin ngoi dy qun ca ng c, m hn v ch hn
nh git xung khng lm hng dy qun.
Cc mi hn c bao ph bng gen cch in.
- u u ca cc nhm bi dy trong cng mt pha c ni vi nhau v cc u
ra ca cc pha A, B, C v cc u cui cc pha X, Y, Z c ni ra ngoi thun tin
cho vic u dy, v tr hn c che ph bng gen cch in, gen cch in cn phi
a ln mi pha im hn khong 20 mm trnh chm chp.
V Ch Li
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Bi 6: AI DY V KIM TRA
1/. ai dy
Trc khi ai cng nh hnh b dy qun, phi hn ni cc u dy theo s
mch in, dy a ra ngoi c ni vi dy dn c bc cch in PVC hoc cao su.
Cc mi ni phi bc ng gen cch in cn thn v lt giy cch in cch pha
trong b dy qun.
Dy ai l loi dy si cotton, c th dng nh hnh v sau.
Dy ai cotton
Giy cch in
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V Ch Li
trang 39
a.
Cu to l sy ng c in:
Gm h thng bng n v b mt tol sng bng.
Bng n
c tim
B mt tol
Sng bng
b.
Phng php sy ng c:
Phng php sy bng tia hng ngoi:
Cch sy ny khc vi cch sy nhit bng in tr, ch yu da vo kh
nng hp th nng lng bc x do tia hng ngoi bin thnh nhit nng
tip xc cc b mt bn trong ca phn li c sy. Nh th cht cch
in c lm kh dn t pha bn trong ra pha bn ngoi.
Tia hng ngoi c sn xut ra bi bng n c tim, kh c thp sng
. V vy, ngun in cung cp cho n sy nn gim thp hn t (20%
n 30%) in p nh mc ca n. tng cng phn x nhit v
phn phi iu nhit lng nn lt kim loi sng bng bn trong t sy,
thng thng c m3 cn t (2 kw n 3 kw).
Phng php sy bng dng in:
Phng php ny cho dng in vo b dy qun, lm cho dy qun ta
nhit t sy kh cht cch in tm. Nh th nhit ta ra t bn trong
lm bay hi dung mi, kh nhanh cht cch in.
Khi sy ng c, in p a vo b dy qun khong (15% n 20%)
in p nh mc ca b dy qun, cc cun ca mt pha c mc ni tip
vi nhau thnh hnh tam gic h. Dng in qua b dy qun c th bng
dng in nh mc. Cn trang b mt rle bo v trnh dng in sy
vt qu nh mc, thi gian sy t nht 10 gi.
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Sau khi sy xong phi kim tra in tr cch in bng mgam, nhit
cn nng (950C n 1000C) in tr cch in ca stato t nht phi ln hn 1
mgam.
V Ch Li
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3
CP ( Capacitor, Permanent )
2
~U
R (Run)
1
C (Common)
CP ( Capacitor, Permanent )
1
~U
23 4
5
R (Run)
C (Common)
V Ch Li
trang 43
3) S u dy ng c 1 pha:
a. Dng t thng trc:
S ( star )
CP ( Capacitor, Permanent )
R (Run)
~U
C (Common)
Hnh 7.3: u dy ng c 1 pha dng t thng trc
Tip im
Tm cch in
Rto
L xo
CP
S
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CP ( Capacitor, Permanent )
~U
C (Common)
R (Run)
V Ch Li
trang 45
Bi 3: VN HNH NG C 3 PHA
1) Cch u dy ng c 3 pha c 6 u dy:
a. Trng hp du tam gic ().
Khi trn th my ca ng c 3pha c ghi in p nh mc 2 cp 22V/380V
v ng c c lp t s dng vi mng in 110V/220V 3 pha, th ng c c
u dy tam gic cho ph hp vi in p thp.
A
Ul
P1 P2 P3
Hnh 7.6: Cch mc ng c 3 pha bng phng php u tam gic
P3
X
P2
P1
Hnh 7.7: Cch mc ng c 3 pha bng phng php u sao
Lu :
9 ng c ghi 127V/220V ch u sao v s dng vi in p thp 220V-3 pha.
9 ng c ghi 380V/660V ch u tam gic s dng mng in 220V/380V
3 pha.
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V Ch Li
trang 47
~ 220
6
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Bi 5: NI T V NI TRUNG TNH BO V
1. Ni t ng c:
Tip t ng c hay cn gi l ni t bo v nhm bo v ngi s dng khi
chm vo ng c b r in (b h hng chm mt) s khng b nguy him. Lc ny,
dng in t v my theo dy dn n h thng tip t. Cch ni t bo v nh sau:
Ch :
Trn hnh v dy dn chnh cn gi l vnh ai ni t s to thnh mt mch kn
(hnh 8.2). Nu vng ai b ngt, dng in chm mt s tm ng ngn nht tn
vo t. Dy dn chnh c ni t qua 2 im phng trng hp 1 dim ni
b t th ng ni kia s m bo c nhim v bo v.
ng thi trong phm vi cng 1 n v, khng nn c nhiu h thng ni t
ring l, v nh th d to ra kh nng xut hin chm t 2 pha rt nguy him, khi
dng chung mt h thng tip t, cn ca li ta ra mt in tr cn thit in
th tip xc thp nht.
V Ch Li
trang 49
tnh ton h thng tip t, chng ta c th xut pht t in th tip xc, hoc
t gi tr in tr ni t. Thng thng, ngi ta xut pht t in tr ni t cho
php v nh th s dn gin hn.
Nu chng ta ly in p tip xc lm c s, th in p ny khng vt qu gi
tr 40V. Do vy in tr tip t c tnh nh sau:
Rtd
40
I td
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Cu 2.5
Cu 6
Cu 10
Cu 16
Al 4
Al 10
Al 16
Al 25
10
16
NG C IN
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Ni trung tnh bo v ng c:
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